Springfield Township (part 27 of 69)

Mr. Jones was born in Darke County, Ohio, in 1868, and was six years old when his parents moved to Indiana, where he was reared and educated. When twentyone years of age he went South, locating at Harriman, Tennessee, where he spent three years in the hardware and tinware business. He was thereafter engaged in the same line of business in various towns in Indiana and Kentucky until 1894, when he came to Spring-field. The following nine years were spent with the Feet & Schuster Company, the last six years of which he served in the capacity of foreman. In September, 1904, in connection with Mr. W. E. Tuttle, he formed the firm of F. 0. Jones & Company, which since has become one of the leading firms of the city. He is a man of ability and standing in the community, and has a host of acquaintances and friends throughout this section of the state.

In 1892, Mr. Jones was united in marriage with Emma Collins, a native of Indiana, and they have two children, Harley and Grace. Fraternally, he is a member of the Masonic Order. He and his wife are members of the First Baptist Church, of which he is a deacon.

FRANK E. STEWART, manager of a farm of 380 acres belonging to his parents and operating also his own farm of fifty acres, is one of Harmony Township's leading agriculturists. He was born in Green Township, Clark County, Ohio, April 15, 1870, and is a son of Oscar N. and Rachel (Nichelson) Stewai-t.

The grandparents of Mr. Stewart, John T. and Anna E. Stewart, came to Clark County about 1818 and settled in Green Township. There Oscar N. Stewart was born, February 5, 1833, he being the seventh son in a family of nine children. He was married January 28, 1862, to Rachel Nichelson, who was born June 3, 1842, and still survives. They had four children: Herbert P., Effie, Ralph, and

Frank E. Herbert Stewart was born December 12, 1862, and is a resident of Green Township. He married Ermina Tuttle and they have four sons : Ira E., Roy, Walter and Elmer. Effie, born in 1865, died aged eighteen months. Ralph, born in 1868, resides at Springfield. He married Grace Carlton and they have two children, Oscar Carlton and Rachel May. Oscar N. Stewart served 100 days in the Civil War, answering the first call for troops in 1861. He was a member of Company F of the Sixteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry.

Frank E. Stewart was educated in the schools of Green and Harmony Townships. His occupation has always been farming and for some years he has had charge of his father's interests as well as his own. At Columbus, Ohio, January 7, 1904, Mr. Stewart was married to Katherine Franklin, who was born June 14, 1884, and is a daughter of Patterson and Ann (Widdicombe) Franklin, the former of whom was born in 1851 and the latter in 1852, and they reside at Plattsburg. Mr. and Mrs. Franklin had four children, namely: Edna, who was born in 1879, married Charles Haering, resides at Columbus, and they have one child, Katherine; Estella, who was born in 1882, resides at Columbus ; Katherine ; and Grace, who was born in 1887, resides with her parents at Plattsburg. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart have one daughter, Edna Carmen, who was born September 26, 1905. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Christian Church at Plattsburg, of which he is treasurer.

Smith Sidney Twichell

On May 15, 1894, he was initiated into Vienna Lodge No. 660, Kniglits of Pj'thias, since when he has passed through all the chairs and was a delegate to the Grand Lodge at Toledo, in 1897. He formerly belonged also to the organization of patriotic character, the Sons of Veterans.

HARRISON L. DETRICK, proprietor of the Eagle City mills, owns other property in Grerman Township, consisting of two residences and twenty-two acres of land, and is a well-known and substantial citizen. He was born in Springfield Township, Clark County, Ohio, December 27, 1855, and is a son of Philip and Susan (Leffel) Detrick.

The Detrick family was established in Clark County, Ohio, by the grandfather, Daniel Detrick, who brought his family from Virginia when his son Philip was a boy of eight years. Both father and son were farmers. Philip Detrick owned a farm that was situated in both Bethel and Springfield Townships, the residence standing on the Bethel Township section, and the barn on the Springfield section.

Harrison L. Detrick was small when his father located on the above farm and there grew to manhood. In 1883 he married Mary Kollfrath, after which he moved to a farm of his own. Later he sold his property to the Freemason fraternity, and on it the beautiful Masonic Home has since been erected. The farm contained 155 55-100 acres and Mr. Detrick lived on it for nine years. He then moved to the old home place in Bethel Township, where he resided for nine years, after which he bought the Olds farm of 141 acres, situated west of Tremont, and resided on that place from March 11, 1904, until October 23, 1906, at which time he moved to Eagle City, taking charge of the Eagle City mills at that time. Ever since he went into business he has done a certain amount of farming and has also engaged in dairying. For eighteen years he operated a dairy and for nine years of this period he ran a milk wagon without missing one day in all this time, a somewhat remarkable record. Mr. Detrick *s flour specialties are "Bismark" and "Kitchen Queen."

Mr. and Mrs. Detrick have two children : Jessie and Marguerite Elizabeth. The former graduated at the Rockaway School, spent two years at Wittenberg College and then graduated from the Nelson Business College at Springfield. She is her father's bookkeeper.

SMITH SIDNEY TWICHELL, formerly a leading citizen of Clark County, lived a long and useful life, passing away December 13, 1907, at the age of seventyone years, seven months and sixteen days. He was born in Oswego County, New. York, May 27, 1836. In early manhood, Mr. Twichell went to Minnesota, in wliich state he resided for fourteen years, removing thence to Upper Sandusky, Ohio, in 1870.

It was during the period of his residence in Minnei^ota that he enlisted for service in the Civil War, to wliich he gave three years of his life, passing through innumerable dangers and surviving them all. His position was that of a non-commissioned officer of Company K, Eighth Regiment, Minnesota Volunteers, which at that time was known as a part of the Army of the Frontier. Two of the hardest fights with the Indians occurred during the first year of his enlistment. After the transfer of his regiment to the South, he participated in the battles of Murfreesboro and the Piaes, under command of General Sully. Subsequently he marched with Sherman's forces to the sea, and was in the closing campaign of the war, witnessing the surrender of General Johnston to General Sherman. On more than one occasion he was protfered the captaincy of a company, but he declined to assume the superior rank. He was a courageous and patriotic soldier and always took pride in the fact that he had helped his beloved country in her time of need, although no doubt his death was due in some measure to the hardships he suffered while in the army.

On November 27, 1868, Mr. Twichell was united in marriage with Jennie Hedges. Two sons were born to them, namely: Clayton and Foster. In 1875, Mr. Twichell removed from Upper Sandusky to his farm in Moorefield Township, on which he resided for thirty-two years, with the exception of six years, during which period he served as superintendent of the Champaign County Infirmary, to which office he was elected in 1879. He was a man well qualified for public position. His many sterling traits of character were so generally recognized by his fellow-citizens that his frequent election to public ofSce was a natural consequence. He was for thirteen years a justice of the peace, and he twice served as decennial appraiser of Moorefield Township. In 1900 he was elected a county commissioner of Clark County, and was re-elected to that office in 1903. During a part of his second term as commissioner his health prevented his personal attendance at some of the meetings of his colleagTies. but he exert his usual beneficial influence in favor of the general welfare. He was greatly interested in securing the new county bmlding and this fine structure stands as a monument to the efforts of Mr. Twichell and his associates.

In early life, Mr. Twichell united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and throughout his long life he was a consistent exemplar of the faith. He was generous in his support of the church's Christian activities and benevolences, and he served in its various offices. Personally he was a man of great self-control, and this was especially manifested during the closing days of his life, when his bodily afflictions were borne without a murmur. He was a devoted husband, a kind and loving father, a true friend, and an honest, upright man. It can be truly said of him that his life was a blessing and that his memory will ever be kept green. During his long continued illness he was attended by his family with an untiring devotion.

H. E. FREEMAN, secretary and treasurer of the American Trust & Savings Company, at Springfield, located in this city in August, 1906. He was born at Cuyahoga Falls, Summit County, Ohio.

Mr. Freeman passed through the common school course at Cuyahoga Falls and also through the High School, and then entered the Western Reserve University, where he was graduated in 1898, with his degree of A. B. Immediately afterward he became connected with the Garfield Savings Bank, of Cleveland, and when he left that institution in order to accept his present connection, he was assistant secretarj- and treasurer. During his period of residence at Cleveland, he was identified with a number of other successful business enterprises. He thus came to the American Trust & Savings Company as an experienced financier. He is a member and treasurer of the Springfield Commercial Club. He belongs to Anthony Lodge, F. & A. M., the Masonic Club, the Lagonda Club and the Country Club.

JACOB SNAUFER, township trustee of Moorefield Township and one of the leading citizens of this part of Clark County, where he owns a valuable farm of seventy-one acres which is situated in section 25, on the Villa road, was born in Germany, September 23, 1835. His parents were John and Magdalene (Weidman) Snaufer.

In 1852, John Snaufer, accompanied by his wife and four children, made his way to Liverpool, England, and took passage for America on. a sailing vessel that was then in the harbor. It was an unfortunate choice and doubly so on account of his being the only German family on board. None of the passengers nor any of the officers were able to speak the German language and this, of itself, would have made the position of the little family one of more or less hardship. For nine days the vessel was tossed about in terrific storms, but when cholera broke out, the passengers were in a pitiable state indeed. Over 160 of them died and among these were the father and mother of Jacob Snaufer. The mother lived but a few hours after being attacked but the father lingered for ten days. Their burial was in the sea. The ship, after forty-three days at sea, finally reached New York.

Jacob Snaufer was then sixteen years of age and was the eldest of the four children. When he landed in what seemed a very unfriendly country, he took his brother and two sisters to a small hotel and as he knew that he had two uncles living in Ohio, one in Logan and the other in Shelby County, he determined to communicate with the latter, in the hope of getting some assistance. The letter was written to the uncle and one can easily imagine the anxious waiting for an answer which followed. It was a very serious position for a boy of his years to find himself placed in, never having been forced to assume responsibility before this, and when ten days had gone by and no reply had come from the uncle, he decided to investigate the reason for himself. He left the three children in the shelter he had found for them and made his way to Shelby County, where he easily found his uncle. There were no rural mail carriers in those days and the boy's missive was found awaiting call in the country postoffice, never having been delivered. With true German family affection, the uncle hastened to New York and brought the three waiting children to his hospitable home. Of these, John subsequently became a soldier in the Federal Army in the Civil War, in which he was so seriously injured that consumption attacked him and he died in 1892, in South Dakota. Margaret grew to womanhood and married Reuben Culp, and the youngest sis-

Jacob Snaufer remained in Shelby County with his uncle for two years and then worked with a farmer in Champaign County for three years, and at other work, up to 1862, having operated a rented farm for one year, and then he entered the army. He enlisted in August, 1862, at Urbana, Ohio, in Company H, Fortyfifth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he held the rank of corpoj-al. This regiment was in General Thomas' command during a large part of the time and was prominent in the hard campaigning of that great force. Although Mr. Snaufer was a brave and fearless soldier and was always at the post of duty, he was never either captured or wounded, the worst that befell him was contracting rheumatism from the exposure and hardships. On one occasion a bullet went through his cap, coming that near to ending his life. He remained in the service until the close of the war and was mustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, June 12, 1865.

For some time prior to entering the army, Mr. Snaufer had work in a cemetery in Champaign County and when he went back after his military service he resumed this work for one year and then turned his attention to farming, in which he has been interested ever since. He continued to Hve in that neighborhood until February, 1882, when he came to a rented farm in Moorefield Township, in which township he has lived ever since, with the exception of one year sj^ent in Harmony Township. In February, 1897, he purchased his present excellent farm and moved to it in the same vear.

On December 21, 1865, Mr. Snaufer was married to Rebecca W. Sampson, who was born and reared at Urbana, Ohio. Her father is William Samjjson and she is a first cousin of the naval hero, Rear Admiral Sampson. Mr. and Mrs. Snaufer have descendants numbering six children and fourteen grandchildren, as follows: Lura Belle, who married Walter D. Yeazell, has two children. Bertha Belle and Mary Evalyn ; Annie Grace, who married George T. Walton, has four children. Crystal, Edwin, Harlan and Margaret; Walter D., who married Claret B. Yeazell, has six children, Blanche, Ruth, Sevina, Edith, Carl and Hazel; John M., who resides at Springfield, is one of the proprietors of the Buckeye hat store; Florence Edith, who married Harry R. Anderson, has two children, Maude and Mildred; and Jacob W., who lives at home and operates the farm. He married Jessie May Yeazell.

In politics, Mr. Snaufer is a Republican. He served for three years as a justice of the peace in Moorefield Township and for ten years has been a township trustee. Since the age of twenty-one years he has been a member of the Odd Fellows. With his wife he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church.

WILLIAM A. MARTIN, president of the Central Publishing Company, at Springfield, and identified also with many of the city's successful enterprises, was born at Dayton, Ohio, in 1854. Mr. Martin attended the public schools of his native city and in boyhood began to learn the printer's trade, first with the old Oliver Crook Company and later with the

United Brethren Publishing Company, where he comialeted his apprenticeship, remaining until 1880, when he came to Spring-field. He was first with the J. S. Crowell Company, and when it became an incorporated concern he was a stockholder and a director and was also superintendent of the plant until it was sold to Eastern parties in 1906. Mr. Martin continued with the new owners until the summer of 1907, when he organized the Central Publishing Company. The officers of this company are: William A. Martin, president and treasurer; Arthur Martin, vice president; and W. A. Martin, Jr., seci-etary. The company established the family magazine known as "The Household Journal," a successful venture. Mr. Martin owns stock in a number of other enterprises. He has been a member of the board of directors of the Merchants' and Mechanics' Building and Loan Association since its organization. He is president of the Board of Education, of which he has many years been a member, and is identified with many benevolent and useful organizations.

In 1878 Mr. Martin was married to Lucy Danneker, of Dayton, and they have the following children: Arthur, who is a graduate of Dartmouth College of the class of 1900; Elsie, who married Otto R. Largent, who is secretary of the Y. ]\I. ' A. at East Liverpool, Ohio, Mellie; William A., Jr., who is a graduate of Dartmouth College of the class of 1907; and Belle, Dorothy, Hortense and Paul A., all residing at home. Mr. Martin and family belong to the Blessed Hope Baptist Church, of which he is a trustee. He takes a deep interest in Simday-school work and his influence niav alwavs be counted on to further religious movements. During five years of his earlier life Mr. Martin was a member of the Ohio State Guards. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of the auxiliary order of Eebekahs, is past state councilor of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and he belongs to the Lagonda and to the Spring-field Commercial Clubs.

J. QUINCY SMITH, one of Clark County's most substantial citizens, resides on his valuable farm of 287 acres, which is situated in Bethel Township, west of New Carlisle. Mr. Smith was born on this farm, April 5, 1843, and is a son of David Johnson and Sallie (Cory) Smith.

David Johnson Smith was born in Scotland and was brought to America by his parents when he was a child one year old. He resided in New York until he was seventeen years of age, when he came to Clark County, Ohio. Prior to 1834, when he settled down to farming and stockraising, he had done various kinds of work, always being a man of great industry. In 1827-28 he was engaged by the Government on a stone and brick work contract at Sault St. Marie. Later he had a blacksmith shop at New Carlisle, which he conducted for two years. He was married in Clark County in 1827 to Sallie Cory, whose father, Elnathan Cory, came to Ohio from New Jersey in 1793-4 and to Bethel Township in 1803. At that time the present farm of Mr. Smith, which was the old Cory place, was a wild plum thicket. Mr. Cory had to grub out the roots of these trees in order to find space on which to build his log cabin, in which he lived for manj' j^ears. A few Indians still remained in this section, and there was plenty of game, but few white settlers. He died in 1842 at the age of srxty-four years. Elnathan Cory married Hannah Jennings, who died of cholera in 1834. Mrs. Smith was born in the log cabin on this farm, which stood until after her marriage, when David Johnson Smith erected the present commodious brick house. She died in March, 1903, at the age of ninety-three years. David Johnson Smith died in 1878, aged eightyfour years. They had ten children, two of whom died young. The others were: Nana, Henry C, David H., Hannah, Elnathan, John Quincy, Lydia and Fannie.

John Quincy Smith was reared on the farm he now owns and the clearing of which he helped to complete. In 1861 he enlisted for service in the Civil War. becoming a member of the SLsteeuth Battery, Independent Light Artillery. During his thirty-seven months of service Mr. Smith participated in many of the most important battles of the war, including Cham]iion Hill, where Captain Mitchell was killed, the Vieksburg campaign, and many others, and when he was mustered out in September, 1864, he was with his battery on the Gulf of Mexico. Although he was exposed to almost constant danger during all this time, Mr. Smith returned home practically unharmed.

In February, 1879, he was married to Maggie Johnson, who is a daughter of John F. and Lydia (Shuman) Johnson, and who was reared on a farm adjoining the present one. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had nine children, namely: David J., Charles E., Ra:iTnond F., John H., George B., Harry B., Ralph Q., Lydia and

Mr. Smith purchased his present farm from his mother's estate. He devotes considerable attention to raising draft horses, Shropshire sheep and Poland China hogs. He is a stockholder in the American Stock Breeders' Association. He is vice president of the New Carlisle Bank, of which he has been a stockholder since its organization. Mr. Smith is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of New Carlisle Lodge No. 100, Chapter No. 57, Council No. 30, Coleman Commandery of Troy No. 17 and A. & A. S. R., Valley of Dayton, and Syrian Temple, Mystic Shrine, of Cincinnati. With his wife he belongs to the Presbyterian Church. Politically he is "a Republican.

AVILLIAM THACKERY, an enterprising agriculturist and stock-raiser, of Pike Townsliip, who owns about 374 acres of fine farm land in Clark and Champaign Counties, Ohio, was born January 30, 1852, on his father's farm in Champaign County, and is a son of Duncan and Susan (Ray) Thackery.

William Thackery spent his boyhood days on the home farm in Champaign County, growing to manhood as one of a family of nine children, namely: Ann Jane, who married Robert Smith, both deceased; Sarah J., who married John Neese; Mary, who is the wife of Andrew R^inan; John, who owns the home place, at Thackery Station; William, Finley, Joseph, Irey Bell, who is the wife of Michael Fadley, and Emma, who married A. Kuisley.

William Thackery remaiued with his parents until after his marriage, and one year later came to his present farm, in Pike Township, renting 123 acres for several years and subsequentl}' buying it from his father. He also bought a tract of 143 acres in Mad River Township, but sold it to Joseph Heffelfinger, who later sold it to C. Robbins. From time to time he has added to his acreage until he has become one of the large landowners of this section. Mr. Thackery has always followed farming and has made all of the improvements which make this one of the most valuable farms in the township. He cleared about fifteen acres of the land, removed the old log house, which he rejilaced with a more substantial and modern dwelling, and has expended money and exercised taste in bettering his surroundings in every direction.

Mr. Thackery was married February 27, 1876, to Lucretia Shaffer, a daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Kirkle) Shaffer, both still living. Mr. Shaffer was born in Virginia, in 1826, and at the age of five years came to Ohio with his parents. Mrs. Shaffer is also a native of Virginia and came to this state with her parents when a girl of ten years. Mr. and Mrs. Shaffer have had ten children : Lucretia, Marley, Jacob W., Anna, Warren, Arthur and Lottie, living, and Viola, Samuel A. and Edwin, deceased.

Mr. and Mrs. Thackery have reared a family of eight children: Edward, who lives near Christiansburg, married Gertrude Stephens, and has one child, Gladys ; Emmet, who married Bessie Wilson, has two children, Zelpha and Mildred; Earl, who lives near his father, married Elizabeth Gabriel, and has one child, Marie:

Mr. Thackery Ls a member of the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, of Northampton. The family belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church.

FRANCIS E. McKENZIE, vice president and general manager of the Mc- Kenzie Lumber and Coal Company, with yards at Grand Avenue and the Pennsylvania Railroad, Springfield, was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, October 4, 1876.

Mr. McKenzie was eight years old when he accompanied his parents to America. They located first near Tiffin, Ohio, and the son soon learned to be self-supporting. He was first employed in burning lime. When fourteen years of age he went into the logging business, which he followed until he began to manufacture lumber at West Mansfield, purchasing a mill and continuing there until 1897, when he and his partners bought a saw and planing-mill and lumber-yards at Delaware. The fine plant there is still maintained, together with a saw-mill at Norton, and in October, 1907, they bought a saw-mill at Springfield and Mr. Mc- Kenzie took up his residence in this city. The company is one of importance in the business world and is interested in other holdings outside of lumber and coal.

In 1901 Mr. McKenzie was married to Gurnetta Said and they have two sons - John and Robert. Mr. McKenzie is a Mason, and he belongs to the Springfield Commercial Club and to the Young ]\Ieu 's Christian Association, at Delaware.

ELIJAH L. DAVISSON, one of Pleasant Township's rei^reseutative citizens, owns a valuable fanu of 137 acres in Clark County and 100 acres in Champaign County, Ohio. He was born in Clark County, Ohio, April 12, 1840, and is a son of Lemuel and Susan (Lott) Davisson.

The grandparents of Mr. Davisson, Isaac and Sarah Davisson, came to Clark County from Pennsylvania at a very early day. Both died in this county, the grandmother living to be almost one hundred years of age. Lemuel Davisson was born in Clark County, June 14, 1812, and married Susan Lott, December 31, 1835. She was born December 11, 1812. They had eight children, namely: Isaac, Elizabeth, Elijah L., Mary, Greorge, Daniel, Isaac and Thomas William. The first Isaac of the above family was born September 18, 1836, and died February 19, 1840. Elizabeth, born July 18, 1838, died February 21, 1840. Mary Ann, born January 21, 1842, died September 6, 1888. She was married (first) to John Hendricks, who died from wounds received in the army during the Civil War. He left one son, Wilbur. She was married (second), in 1879, to Eli H. Adams, who died in 1907. George W., born November 23, 1843, married Elizabeth J. Jones and they had eight children, namely: Ida M., Lawrence E., Minnie, Mertie, Hayes, Nettie, Wilbur and Omar. Daniel D., born December 31, 1845, died September 9. 1860. Isaac (2), born December 31, 1848, died September 6, 1860. Thomas William, born March 31, 1851, died May 21, 1902. He was married (first) in 1880 to Lizzie A. Stipp, who died April 19, 1891. They had one child, who never breathed.

Elijah L. Davisson attended the district schools when he was a boy and grew to manhood on his father's farm. In 1862 he joined Company C, One Hundred and Tenth Regiment , Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for service in the Civil War, but the regiment had gone no further than Piqua, Ohio^ when he was jDrostrated with typhoid fever and instead of going out to fight, he was brought home and struggled through a serious spell of sickness. On September 1, 1869, he was married to Dorothy Jane Neer, who was born April 14, 1851, and is a daughter of Joseph F. and Margaret (Arbogast) Neer. The parents were born in Clark County, May 4tli and September 6th, 1825, respectively. The mother still survives. There were the following children in the Neer family: Amy, the eldest daughter, residing with her mother at Meehanicsburg, was born July 1, 1845; Sarah C, who was born in 1848, died in 1860; Dorothy Jane; Bruce, born in 1857, married Mary Wilkison and they have two children, Esta, who is the wife of Clarence West, and Cloice E., of Champaign County, who married Bessie Everhart ; AVilliam, born in 1863, married Anna Kimble and they have three children, Foster and Florence, twins, and Milburn; and Grant, born in 1865, married Fannie Loveless and they have one son, Paul, born in 1893. Mr. Neer had married (first) Dorcas Bodkin. She left one daughter, Margaret Ann, who died in 1904. In I860 all this section was afflicted with a scourge of diphtheria, and both the Neer and the Davisson families lost children from this disease.

Mrs. Isabella B. Lkxilvri And Eep Resent Ati Ve Citizens

Mr. and Mrs. Davisson have three children, Charles Clifford, Clarence W. and Harry L. Charles Clifford was born May 15, 1871. He was married February 5, 1896, to Nellie B. Woodmanse, and they have three sons : Floyd L., born December 13, 1897; Bruce R., born November 23, 1903; and Kenneth E., born March 3, 1907. Clarence W. was born August 6, 1877. He was married to Lelia Dodsou in May, 1900, and they have one daughter, Mabel Corinne, who was born October 8, 1901. Harry L. was born November 29, 1887, and he assists his father in managing the large estate.

Mr. Davisson has resided on his present farm since 1870. He has been continually adding to its acreage and making improvements. With the assistance of his son he carries on general farming, raising large crops of the natural products of this climate. He is one of the leading members of Nation Chapel, and is a steward in the same and is one of the trustees. For tifty-four years Mr. Davisson has been the chorister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, serving in three different churches in this period. All of his family are members of the chapel mentioned, which is situated not far from his farm. He takes no active interest in politics, but he is always ready to perform the duties of a good citizen.

ADAM LENHART, the efficient superintendent of the Children's Home, of Clark County, Ohio, has tilled this important and responsible office since March, 1885. He was bom in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, June 8, 1840, and is a son of Abraham and Leah (Shettler)

Abraham Lenhart came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, removed from this state to Hamilton County, Illinois, and still later to Kansas, where he died, aged sixty-four years. He had nine children, as follows : Adam, whose name appears at the head of this article; Christopher, who died aged thirteen years ; Susan, residing in Kansas, who is the widow of William Cox; Margaret, residing in Kansas, who married Washington Hutchinson; Abraham ana Henry, both of whom went to Kansas, where the former died ; Sarah, residing in Kansas, who married James Charlesworth; William, who resides in Missouri; and Anna, who died in young womanhood.

Adam Lenhart engaged in farming and also worked as a stationary engineer prior to coming to Springfield, Ohio, in 1875, where he was employed on the work of fitting up the plant of the St. John Sewing Machine Company. Later he became foreman of the Stand departments, having also assisted in completing that plant. After two years of retirement from business Mr. Lenhart was called to become superintendent of the Clark County Children's Home.

This great county charity was founded six years before ]\ft-. Lenhart took charge, and under his wise and capable management it has greatly increased in usefulness. The records show that more than 1,500 children have found refuge in the institution and have been sent to private homes, where they are kindly cared for, although not released from the protecting supervision of the Home. It may sur- prise many of the readers of these lines to know that the average age of the children received is three years, and they are assured of an education and comfortable surroundings until they are sixteen years of age, unless in the meanwhile they have found other homes. When they leave this institution they are well equipped to take their places in the battle of life. Mr. Lenhart has also the supervision of the farm of sixty-five acres, which belongs to the Home. He has been so earnest in his work that the county has readily responded to his appeals, and modern machinery has been installed in the buildings, giving heat, light and water; also modern methods of control are followed in the management of the county charges. Mr. Lenhart seems to be particularly fitted for the position he fills. His attention was first called to the claims of the county's indigent while serving as one of the directors of the county infirmary, and during that time he impressed his fellowdirectors by his practical suggestions and intelligent ideas.

In 1864 Mr. Lenhart was married to Isabella Bolen, whose father was a wellknown contractor and bridge-builder. Mr. Bolen was twice man-ied and the following children of his are living: John, who is superintendent of buildings for the Dayton, Spring-field & Urbana Railroad, resides at Springfield; Harry, who is a stockman and farmer and resides in Indian Territory; Isabella, who became Mrs. Lenhart ; and Jeannetta and Loretta, twins, residing in Colorado, the former of whom married Joseph Sample.

born in 1867. She is the widow of Dr. John G. Kennan, who died in 1897, at Springfield, leaving three children - Isabella, Gardiner and Lucile. Mr. and Mrs. Lenhart, her daughter and the latter 's children, are members of the First Baptist Church of Spring-field, of which Mr. Lenhart has long been one of the trustees.

In politics Mr. Lenhart is a stanch Republican and has served as a member of the Republican County Central Committee, a very strong political organization. Fraternally he belongs to Red Star Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and to Ephraim Lodge No. 146, l". 0. 0. F.

Mr. Lenhart is deeply interested in all charitable and philanthropic work, but at the same time is a man of very practical ideas. He is never swayed by false sentiment and thus is well fitted for ofiicial position. He is a member of the Ohio Charities and Corrections Association, which has supervision of all the charitable institutions of the state, and in 1900 he was chairman of the body representing the Children's Home in that organization. In June, 1902, he was appointed a delegate to a National Conference of Charities, but was unable to attend on account of pressing duties at that time connected with the affairs of the Children's Home.

J. L. FLATTER, a prosperous farmer residing about five miles south of Springfield, in Green Township, was born in Greene County, Ohio, February 29. 1852, and is a son of Samuel J. and Sarah A. (Welsh) Flatter, and a grandson of Ludwig Flatter.

in Maryland of German parents. He came to Ohio as early as 1815, locating in Greene County, where he owned a half section of land. He lived three miles south of Yellow Springs and farmed there the remainder of his life. He and his wife were parents of twelve children.

Samuel J. Flatter, father of our subject, was born in Greene Count)', Ohio, in 1828, and farmed the home place until liis death on December 16, 1903, when he was aged seventy-five years and two days. He married Sarah A. Welsh, who died September 18, 1861. They were the parents of six children, three of whom are now living.

J. L. Flatter was reai'ed on the home place and attended the district schools of his home locality in Greene County. He remained at home, assisting his father, until he reached his majority, and then began working on his own account. He bought his present farm in 1895, having eighty-five and one-half acres five miles south of Springfield. He had worked out for some years and had rented a place for seven years prior to making this purchase. His wife also owns a tract of fifty acres about four miles south of Springfield. He is a successful farmer and all that he now possesses is owing to his own untiring energy and good management.

In 1884, Mr. Flatter was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Alexander, who was born in Clark County and is a daughter of Samuel J. Alexander, a prominent fai'mer of this county. This union was blessed with four children, as follows: Ruth, Leonard, Wayne, and Maud, the last mentioned of whom died in infancy. Politically our subject is a Democrat and has ever evinced an earnest interest in

PETER STUDEBAKER, a prosperous and highly respected farmer of Pike Township and owner of three hundred and forty-five acres of land, was born June 23, 1840, on his father's farm, in Pike Township, Clark County, Ohio, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Minnich) Studebaker and a grandson of John Studebaker, an early settler of Clark County.

Samuel Studebaker was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, and at the age of ten years came to Ohio with his parents, who settled at West Charlestown, where the father later died. His mother died at the home of one of her children in Indiana. Samuel was the eldest of their family of thirteen children, all of whom settled in different parts of the country and are now all deceased. He assisted his father in clearing the land and later operated a mill in Miami County, Ohio, manufacturing flaxseed oil. He married Elizabeth Minnich, a daughter of Michael Minnich, who ched in 1875, aged about sixty-five years. Eight children were born to them, namely : Michael, Margaret, John, and Elizabeth, all deceased ; Peter ; Samuel and Hannah, both deceased ; and Jane, wife of William Carmen, of Indiana. Samuel Studebaker located on a farm east of Troy, Ohio, after his marriage, and five years later bought a tract of eighty acres in Pike Township, Clark County. At the time of his death, which occurred in 1889, at the age of eighty-two years, he was the owner of one hundred and thirty-seven acres.

*Peter Studebaker was the only son who grew to matui'ity, his three brothers all dying young. He helped clear the farm and assisted in its cultivation, almost from boyhood. He received a common school education, attending the old log school at Beach Grove. Since his marriage Mr. Studebaker has always engaged in mixed farming, and for a period of thirty years he also operated a threshing machine, beginning when the old horse-power machine was the only one on the market.

On February 12, 1877, Mr. Studebaker married Susan Richardson, who was born in a log house on the present farm, and is a daughter of William and Eliza (Carmen) Richardson, who came from Mar^^- land to Clark County, Ohio, and settled on this place. She is one of six children born to her parents : Elizabeth, Prudence, Susan, John, Joseph, and Greorge, the latter of whom is deceased. Her father died in the fall of 1864 at the age of fifty-five years, and was survived by his widow until 1881, she passing away at the age of seventy-one years. Mr. and Mrs. Studebaker have one child: Elizabeth. Mr. Studebaker is a man of public spirit and enterprise and is held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. He is a Democrat.

PATRICK L. MAUGHAN, justice of the peace and prominent citizen of Moorefield Township, where he owns one hundred acres of fine farming land, situated in one body, in sections 27 and 28, was born at Tremont City, Clark County, Ohio, November 24, 1866. His parents were Patrick and Margaret (Madden) Maughan.

born in County Galway, Ireland, and the father came to America when he was twenty-two years of age. He landed at New Orleans, where he remained for one year and then came north to Cincinnati and on to Springfield, working at several shops in this city before making the visit to Cincinnati, where he married Margaret Madden. They went, to housekeeping on the old Adam Baker farm near Eagle City, later moved to Tremont City, then lived for two years in Champaign Coimty, where the father bought a farm, on which the family lived until Patrick L. was five years old, when they came to the farm in Moorefield Township nowi owned by Justice Maughan. It was heavily timbered at that timeout Patrick Maughan was a man of great industry and perseverance and he cleared it. His death took i^lace April 4, 1904, his wife having died September 13, 1898.

Patrick L. Maughan has lived on his present farm since he was five years old, being the seventh born in his parents ' family of eight children. The others were as follows : Michael, who died in 1902 ; Mary, who married Thomas Langen; Luke; Margaret, who died in infancy ; Catherine, who manages the domestic affairs for her brother, Patrick L. ; Daniel, who died aged two years; and Margaret (2), who married Michael Roddy. The parents were faithful members of the Catholic Church and they reared their children in the same faith.

Patrick L. Maughan was educated in the country schools and at the Lebanon Normal School, in the latter coming under the instruction of Professor Holbrook, and after he returned to Moorefield Township, he became teacher of the Franklin

School, which he taught continuously for eight years. He then took charge of the Kenton School, which he conducted for four years, and closed his long period of teaching by becoming principal of the Eoekaway School, in Springfield Township, near the Masonic Home, where he remained for two years. During all this period he resided on his farm and gave considerable attention to the raising of good stock. In 1904 he retired from tlie educational field and in the same year he was elected a justice of the peace, on the Democratic ticket, and was re-elected in 1907. Mr. Maughan's personal popularity has had much to do with his continuance in office as the township is strongly Republican.

TOPPY TROUPE, one of the leading citizens of Spring-field, who is engaged in a wholesale and retail cigar and tobacco business, at No. 42 South Limestone Street, has been identified with the interests of this city for the past thirty-five years. He was born in 1850, at Germantown, Montgomery Count^^, Ohio.

Mr. Troupe completed his education when about twenty-three years of age and then became a boot and shoe salesman and was connected with that industry for about twenty years, when he turned his attention to the cigar business, opening a store on High Street, Spring-field. On March 24, 1908, he moved to his present fine quarters, whei'e he does an extensive jobbing as well as retail business. Mr. Troupe has been one of Springfield's most active citizens in the interest he has taken in public matters. He is one of the strong political factors in Ohio, a stanch Republican, for the interests of which party he has worked for many years. He has never sought or accepted political office for himself but has given his time and means to assist the ambitions of his friends and is probably one of the best-known politicians in the state. Since 1876 he has never missed a National, State, Congressional or County convention and he has been doorkeeper or assistant sergeant-at-arms at all the National and State conventions. He will also fill the office of doorkee^Der at the Republican National convention, which is to be held in June, 1908. Among his personal friends he numbers the greatest statesmen in the land and on several occasions he has enjoyed tokens of their warm esteem. He accompanied President Mc- Kinley and Governor Nash, as an invalid guest, on their memorable trip to San Francisco. He has traveled extensively both in America and Europe and is a man of culture and social presence.

On April 7, 1904, Mr. Troupe was married to Ella Myers, who was born and reared at Springfield. He is a member of the Masons, Elks, Knights of Pythias and American Mechanics, and he Ijelongs to the Springfield Commercial Club.

WALTER McKINLEY, a leading business citizen of Tremont City, where he is engaged in a general mercantile business, is also treasurer of German Township. He was born at Tremont, Clark Countj% Ohio, December 5, 1854, and is a son of John B. and Elizabeth (Thrawls) McKinley. William McKinlej^ the grandfather, was a very early settler in German Township and his son, John B. McKinley, was born at Tremont about 1827. For a num-

Walter McKinley was reared and educated in Ms native place. He began to work in a dry goods store when thirteen years old and so continued until he was twenty-one, when he learned telegraphy and was subsequently appointed station agent for the Big Four Railroad, at Tremont. In 1888 he opened a tin shop, to which he shortly after added a grocery store, later putting in a tine line of hardware. He now has a large trade and is one of the city's representative men. In politics a Democrat, he served as postmaster of Tremont during the four years of President Cleveland's last administration.

Mr. McKinley married Ella Xanders, who is a daughter of Jacob and Maria Xanders, and they have had three children, two of whom died in infancy. Their surviving child. Donna May, is the wife of I. A. Baker, who resides at Springfield. Mr. McKinley is a member of the Reformed Church. Fraternally, he is connected with the Odd Fellows and the Maccabees.

HARRY C. DOWNEY, head of the firm of W. C. Downey & Company, is one of the most prominent and successful of Springfield's younger generation of business men. He was born in this city in July, 1876, and is a son of W. C. Downey, one of the prominent early manufacturers of this vicinity.

years identified with the P. P. Mast Company, and in 1888 established a factory at Mechanicsburg for the manufacture of bale ties. The following year he moved the plant to Springfield and continued actively at its head until his death in May, 1903. He was a successful business man and one of the substantial citizens of Springfield. He was an active member of the Clark County Fair Board, and -was always found foremost in support of such measures and enterprises as were calculated to bring advancement and prosperity to the city. His death was considered a loss to the entire community.

Harry C. Downey was reared in the city of Springfield, and after completing the prescribed course in the public schools, attended Wittenberg College. This was supplemented by a course in Nelson's Business College. In 1896 be became associated with his father in the manufacturing business, and since his father's death has had sole charge of the plant, handling its affairs in the capable manner which has always characterized the management of this concern.

March 1, 1904, Mr. Downey was joined in marriage with Miss Helen McGregor, a daughter of Frank McGregor, one of tlie . city's foremost citizens, and they have two children, Susan and William. Religiously, they are members of the Second Presbyterian Church. Our subject is a very active member of the Springfield Commercial Club, and also belongs to the La'gonda Club.

ant Township, all in one body, lying along the Ellsworth Turnpike Road, was born October 31, 1876, near Catawba, Ohio, and is a son of Charles and Julia Frances (Lowe) Loveless.

Charles Loveless was born in 1832, in Virginia, and was a son of John Loveless. In early manhood he came to Ohio and lived on a farm in Champaign County for a time, when he came to Clark County and worked on the farm of Eli Hunter, near Catawba, moving subsequently to several other farms, the Yeazell, the Baldwin and the Joseph Wren farm, living on the latter for thirteen years. He then bought property near Catawba, on which he lived for three years and then moved to the home of his daughter, Mrs. Fannie Neer, where he still resides. He married Julia Frances Lowe, in Virginia, and they had nine children, namely: Charles, William, MoUie. Fannie, Rose Anna, Lena, Herbert E. and Nellie. Charles died at the age of three years. William married Ella Davis and they have two children, Carl and Morris. Mollie married Luther Neer and they have live children : Olive, Nathan, Leonard, Gladys and Emerson. Fannie married Grant Neer, of Clark County, and they have one son, Paul. Rose married Charles Gordon and they have three children, Marion, Louis and Mark. Anna married Edward Rupert. They have no children. Lena married Carl Jones. They have no children. Nellie married Harley West and they reside at Springfield. They had one daughter, Margaret, who died aged two years.

Herbert E. Loveless obtained his education in the publis schools and has followed agricultural pursuits ever since he entered manhood. After his marriage he rented the J. W. Yeazell farm, in Pleasant Township, on which he lived for three years and then came to his present place. Here he has made many substantial improvements, and his farm has been developed into one of the best in the township. He raises grain and hay and many cattle and hogs.

Mr. Loveless was married November 15, 1898, to Florence Yeazell, who is a daughter of J. M. and Emma A. (Houston) Yeazell, and they have one child, Thelma, who was born November 25, 1904. ^Ir. and Mrs. Loveless are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Catawba. Mr. Loveless is an official member of the Junior Order of Amercian Mechanics, at Catawba. He is an enterprising, progressive citizen and is held in high esteem in his communitA'.

GEORGE W. BYM ASTER, president of the Board of Infirmary Directors, who has been a resident of Clark County, Ohio, since 1853, was born August 25, 1833, in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Bymaster was reared and received his educational training in Lancaster County and upon coming to Clark County, Ohio, located at Enon, where he was engaged in farming until 1862. He then enlisted in Company G. Ninety-fourth Regiment, O. V. I., and was mustered into service at Piqua, Ohio. He was in active service nearly three years and participated in those important engagements in the vicinity of Chattanooga - Buzzards Roost, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, and Missionary Ridge. During the Georgia campaign while charging on the

Confederate works at Resaca he was twice severely woiinded, after whieli he was sent to the genera] hospital at Louisville, Kentuckj-, and, not being able to return on dutv, was discharged in May, 1865. He was taken prisoner at Tates Ferry and released on parole. After returning from the war he was located for one year at Donnelsville, Bethel Township, and afterwards went to Mad River Township where he worked out by the month for three years. He subsequently began farming in Grerman Township for himself, and thus continued with much success for some twenty-four years. He then operated a dairy in Springfield Township for eleven years and built a commodious home at Sugar Grove, where he has since resided. Mr. BjTuaster also purchased the old Stevenson farm of one hundred and thirtyfour acres in German Township and it is now operated by his son.

In 1859 Mr. BjTuaster married Miss Mary Tilton and they have four sons and one daughter, namely: Irvin, now deceased; Forest, who operates a large cattle ranch containing three thousand and forty acres, in Grant County Kansas; David, who lives in North Dakota ; Charles ()., who lives on his father's farm of one hundred and thirty-four acres; and Ida A., who lives at home.

Mr. Bymaster has always taken an active interest in political affairs and has served in various minor offices in German Township. He was trustee of Spring-field Township for four years and a member of the School Board for nine years. He was elected president of the Board of Infirmary Directors in the fall of 1904, and for about thirty-five years was engaged in pike work for the county.

Mr. Bymaster is a member of Powell Post .No. 381, G. A. E., of Tremont Citj^ and, religiously, is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Sims Chapel, of German Township.

STEPHEN CARY GOODALL was born on his father 's farm in Darke County, Ohio, June 5, 1861. His parents were James and Mary (Long) Goodall. He is a member of the Knights Templars at Springfield.

A. H. THOMAS, who has been a resident of Springfield, Ohio, for some twenty years, is president of the Gearless Gas Engine Company and an inventor of prominence, holding patents to a number of important inventions which have proved a success on the market.

Mr. Thomas was born at Versailles, Ohio, in 1870, and was a small boy when his parents moved to Miami County, Ohio, where he was reared, attending the common schools. Early in life he began learning the trade of a pattern-maker .^t Piqua, and when eighteen years of age came to Springfield and completed his apprenticeship to that trade, as well as to that of a machinist. He was with the Mast-Foos Company three years, then entered the employ of the Rogers Fenco Company, having charge of the lawn mower department for three years. At the end of that time he went to Troy, Ohio, where he was connected with the Adams Machine Shop for seven years, subsequently returning to Springfield. He Avas with the Spring-field Gas Engine Company five years, and two years with the

Foos Gas Engine Company, but in the meantime was spending his time working out some inventions that his practical eye saw were much needed. Having completed a gearless gas engine, the only one invented, and applied for a patent, in 1904 the Gearless Gas Engine Company was incorporated with a capital stock of $20,000 and the following officers : A. H. Thomas, president; C. W. Foster, vice pi'esident; and W. L. Yates, secretary. The gearless gas engine is without a rival in the market, and being a wonderful invention for which there was an immediate demand, the success of the com}3any was assured from the first. In addition, Mr. Thomas holds patents on an adjustable cuff holder and a lawn-mower, both practical inventions which ha\e been a success.

In 1888 Mr. Thomas was joined in marriage with Miss Katie Foster, by whom he has five children, Earl F., Katherine, John, Isabelle, and Naomi. Religiously, he and his wife are members of the Church of Christ. Fraternally, he is a member of Spring-field Lodge, I. 0. 0. F.

JOHN BACON CRAIN, ex-county commissioner, and owner of an excellent farm of one hundred and fifty acres located in Bethel Township, Clark County, Ohio, eight miles west of Springfield, on the south side of the Valley turnpike, was born in Springfield, Ohio, where the Arcade now stands, May 7, 1847, and is a son of John A. and Anna Matilda (Bacon) Grain.

The great-great-grandparents of Mr. Crain, William and Jean Grain, came to America from Ireland in 1732, settling on the Manada, a branch of the Swatara

Eiver, in what was then Lancaster County, now Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Joseph, the second son of William Crain, was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, in 1738. During the War of the Revolution he served as first Lieutenant in Cap. Richard McQuown's Company, of Coh Tim Green's Regiment, and was later commissioned Captain of the Second Company of the Sixth Battalion, Pennsylvania Troops, under Col. John Rogers. Capt. Crain remained in active sei'vice until 1777. He was married to Mary Moore and their second son, John Crain, the grandfather of John B. Crain, was bom November 25, 1773, and came to Clark County, Ohio, in 1806, from Hanover, Pennsylvania. He entered the present Charles R. Crain farm in 1800, and the old deed signed by President Madison is still in the possession of the family. John Crain was married to Lydia Reeder. John Adam Crain, the father of John B. Grain, was born October 14, 1811, in Bethel Town.ship, Clark County, Ohio. While still a boy he went to Springfield and subsequently became postmaster during President Harrison's administration. After the death of his father he bought out the other heirs and returned to the home farm in Bethel Township. He later retired and moved to Springfield where he died November 12, 1889. He was married to Anna Matilda (Bacon) a native of Spring-field, whose ancestors came from England in 1635. She died June 5, 1886. They had four children, as follows : John Bacon; Charles R., a resident of Bethel Township; Mary, deceased; and Edmund, a resident of Philadelphia.

brouglit by his parents to the farm in Bethel Township, where his youth was spent. His education was secured in the district schools of Bethel Township, the common schools of Springfield, and the Commercial College of Dayton, Ohio. In 1873, Mr. Crain became a member of the firm of E. R. Hotsenpeller, millers, continuing with this company until 1878. He then moved on the old Layton farm, which be purchased in 1871. Mr. Crain was married February 15, 1872, to Lydia Hotsenpeller, a daughter of Charles W. and Amelia (Reitenour) Hotsenpeller. Five children have been born to this union: Mary, who is the wife of Dr. C. M. Evans of New Carlisle, Ohio; Madge; Bertha; Kathleen, who married Harold McGregor, resides in Springfield; and John A., of New York.

MILTON H. HOCKMAN, a highly respected citizen of German Township, who is engaged in general farming and stockraising on a farm of eighty-eight and a half acres, located six miles northwest of >Springfield on the Joel Ebersole Road, was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia, November 11, 1852, and is a son of Samuel R., and Anna Eliza (Goehenour) Hockman. He spent his early boyhood days in Virginia, coming to Ohio in 1867 when fifteen years of age, with his parents, who first located near Urbana, Champaign County. His father was a miller by trade and operated a grist-mill in Virginia until his removal to Ohio, when he entered the employ of Parker

Bryan as miller for three years. Afterwards he rented and opei*ated a mill north of Tremont for six years and in 1876 came to Clark County and purchased the Eagle City Mills in German Township from John H. Bryan and Jacob Messer. This property he operated until his death in 1903.

Mr. Hockmau learned the miller's trade and was in partnership with his father from 1876 until 1888, when he sold his interest, finding himself unable to stand the work, and in the spring of 1888 came to his present farm, first buying a tract of thirty-four and a half acres, to which he later added twenty-four acres, and again thirty acres in the fall of 1907. Here he has since followed general farming and stock-raising and has made many important improvements on the place, including the remodeling of the buildings.

Mr. Hockman was married December 23, 1879, to Ella Dietrick, a daughter of Jacob Dietrick, and they have three children, Ada Frances ; Nora, who is the wife of Irvin B. Shoup of Northampton and the mother of three children, Kennith, Carl, and Ellen; and Ida M. Hockman. Mr. Hockman attends the Dunkard Church, of which his wife is a member.

F. E. MOSHER, auditor of the American Seeding Machine Company at Springfield, Ohio, is one of the best known business men and citizens of this place. He is a member of vai'ious business, fraternal and social organizations, and has a wide acquaintance throughout the county.

And Hepeesentative Citizens

an academic course of study at Canastota, New York. He then became identified witli tlie Eastman Kodak Company, with whom he continued for nine years, being in the cajjacity of auditor at the time he resigned. He then became connected with the Bickford & lluifman Co. division of the American Seeding Company located at Macedon, New York, continuing with them from 1899 imtil 1902, when he left their service to become secretary and manager of the Crandall Packing Company at Palmyra, New York. July 1st, 1903, he moved to Springfield, Ohio, and again entered the employ of the American Seeding Company. He served as assistant auditor until January 1st, 1905, since which time he has discharged the duties of auditor. He also is interested in the Standard Trimmer Company at Springfield. In 1901 Mr. Mosher was joined in marriage with Miss Katherine Stevens, a native of Despatch, New York. Fraternally, he is a member of the order of Mason and Elks, belongs to the Country Club, the Masonic Club, Y. M. C. A., and the Springfield Commercial Club.

A. L. DUFFEY, who has been prominently identified with the city's business activities many years, has resided in Spring-field, Ohio, for a period of twentyeight years and is at present president and treasurer of the Springfield Planing Mill and Lumber Company. Mr. Dutfey was born and reared in Highland County, Ohio, the date of his birth being 1859. He remained in his native community until he reached his majority, then came to Springfield, Ohio, and engaged as a woodworker with Rhinehart & Bullard. He was next in the employ of St. John's Sewing Machine Company, later, of the Springfield Engine and Thresher Company, and then served eight years as foreman of the wood department of the A. G. Evans Manufacturing Company. Upon leaving the employ of the last named company, he was made first superintendent of the Ohio Planing Mill and Box Company, and in 1895 began his connection with the Springfield Planing Mill. He served as superintendent until 1903, then was elected j^resident and treasurer of the company, whose affairs he has since directed with marked ability. Mr. Duffey was married in 1901 to Miss Mamie A. Johnson of Springfield. Fraternally, he is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and belong to the Junior Order United American Mechanics.

ELLIOTT D. WHEELER, owner of a fine farm of one hundred and twenty-nine acres located on Yellow Springs Pike, five miles southwest of Springfield, in Green Township, Clark Coimty, Ohio, has been a resident there throughout his entire life. He was born on his present farm in March, 1846, and is a son of John and Catherine (Inlow) Wheeler.

Ebenezer Wheeler, grandfather of our subject, came to Green Township from New Jersey while this country was in, a comparatively wild state and was among the earliest pioneers. The church on the hill near the Wheeler farm was named in his honor. He and his wdfe were parents of eleven children.

of that early period. He followed farming throughout life and also conducted a threshing outtit. His death occurred in 1858. He married Catherine Inlow, a native of Clark County, and a daughter of Abraham Inlow. They were parents of seven children, of whom Elliott D. is the sole survivor. Politically, the father was a Republican but never an office seeker. Elliott D. Wlieeler was reared and has always lived on the old Wheeler farm. He engages in general farming and stockraising, and has met with more than average success. He was united in marriage with Miss Amy Woliston, who was born in Springfield and is a daughter of John Woliston, who for many years followed carpentering in that city. Six children were born to bless their union, namely: Walter, Nettie, Warren (deceased). Homer (deceased), Ralph, and Lola. In politics he has always been a stanch Republican and for some years served as a member of the School Board. Although too young to enter the army at the beginning of the Civil War, in 1864 he enlisted in the 100-day service and went to the front for that period. He is a man of many admirable qualities, and is held in highest esteem by his fellow citizens.

HENRY WICKHAM, formerly one of Springtield's leading manufacturers, who, at the time of his death, on November 13, 1907, was at the head of the largest house manufacturing piano plates and piano hardware in the world, had been more or less identified with Springfield interests since 1876. Mr. Wickham came of English-Irish ancestry and was bom in the City of New York June 15th, 1854. His education was pursued along the line of his natural inclinations and he remained in his native city until 1876, when he came first to Spring-field, at that time becoming connected with the St. John Sewing Machine Company, of this city, having charge of its japanning department. From Springfield he went to Brooklyn, N. Y., where he established a piano plate manufacturing business, remaining there until September, 1889, when he returned to Springfield, which city continued to be the scene of his business successes during the remainder of a busy life. He associated with him John Chapman, a native of Newark, New Jersey, also a practical man in the business, and the concern was incorporated in the above year. Great preparations were immediately made for the earrjdng on of a large industry, eight acres of land being secured, adequate and appropriate buildings being erected thereon, and machinery being installed to make the plant one of the best and most complete of its kind in the world. Experienced and capable workmen were brou^t together and each year the business assumed larger and larger proportions.

On September 28, 190.3, the whole plant was destroyed by fire, when Mr. Chapman retired and Mr. Wickham and James Johnson, Jr., organized a stock company known as the Wickham Piano Plate Company. A fire-proof structure was erected, it being in every way a much more elaborate plant, and here the business is still conducted. The manufactured articles include piano plates, piano hardware, the latter designation covering action brackets, pedal feet, pedal guards, bearing bars, organ pedal frames and all other devices. Their field of distribution covers the world. Mr. Wickham never lost his practical interest in the business, which he thoroughly understood in every detail, and as long as he lived he took a justifiable pride in the fact that no matter how many changes entered into the business of many competitors, the same high standard of perfection continued in his own as had prevailed at the beginning.

On October 15, 1878, Henry Wickham was married to Theresa Murphy, who was born at West Jetferson, Ohio, and is a daughter of John Murphy, who was in a grocery business in Madison County, for a number of years. Mr. and Mrs. Wickham became parents of five children, namely: Grace, who married L. C. Gorsuch, residing at Spring-field; Edna, residing with her mother; Frank, residing at Springfield ; and John and Henry, both of whom are students in St. Mary's Institute, at Dayton, Ohio. Mrs. Wickham and family are members of St. Raphael's Catholic Church, at Spring-field. Mr. Wickham was a consistent churchman and gave liberally in support of charity and to further benevolence. He was a member of the order of Knights of Columbus. He owned valuable real estate in Clark County, including a beautiful country home and the elegant city residence on the corner of Burnett Road and Harrison Street. In his political affiliation he was a Republican.

CHARLES OSCAR BYMASTER, a well known resident of German Township, who is engaged in general agriculture on a farm of 134 acres, which he owns in partnership with his father, was born Julv 21. 1870, in German Township.

Charles 0. Bymaster was reared and educated in his native township, and with the exception of twelve years spent in Springfield Township, where he operated a dairy in connection with farming, has always been a I'esident of German Township. In March, 1905, Mr. Bymaster and family moved to his present farm, which is situated five miles northwest of Springfield on the Clark and Miami Pike at the junction of the old Troy Road. He here follows general farming and is one of the most enterprising and progressive young agriculturists in the township.

On December 23, 1897, Mr. Byiuaster was joined in marriage with Mary E. Powell, a daughter of William Sinclair and Eliza Powell, and of this union have been born three children - Paul, George, Ruth Lucille, and Charles Robert. Mr. Bymaster has always taken an active interest in politics and is an ardent supporter of the Republican party.

THOMAS H. ROBERTS, whose valuable farm of 160 acres is situated in ]\Ioorefield Township and is the original quarter section which was entered by his father from the Government, almost 100 years ago, is a leading citizen of this part of Clark County. Mr. Roberts was born on his present farm, March 28, 1836, and is a son of James H. and Mary (Wren) Roberts.

James H. Roberts was born in Virginia, in 1785, and came to Clark County, Ohio, in 1810. After securing his land and beginning its clearing and c^iltivation,

Mr. Roberts rented it out to another early settler and moved to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, near Cincinnati, where he operated a tannery until the death of his first wife, after which lie returned to his farm in Ohio. He added more land to his first purchase and at the time of his death, in 1863, he owned 235 acres. Until 1832 he lived with his family in a log house, but then built a one-story brick one, and in the latter his son, Thomas H., was born. James H. Roberts was married (first) to Jane Wilson, in Virginia, and they had one child when they came to Ohio, William, who was born in Virginia in 1808. Six more children were born to that marriage in Ohio. Mr. Roberts was married (second) to Mary AVren, and they had ten children, nine of whom survived infancy. The mother of these children died in 1876. In every sense of the word, James H. Roberts was a typical pioneer. He was a man of robust constitution, of enterprising nature and of sterling character.

Thomas H. Roberts was reared on the farm on which he was born and which has always been his home, with the exception of two years which he spent at Spring-field and an absence of four months in the army. He followed agricultural pursuits after completing the usual country school education, leaving home for the first time when he enlisted in Company E, Sixteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, April 23, 1861. He served imtil September 7, 1861, although his discharge papers were dated August 18, 1861, being stationed during all this time in West Virginia. Mr. Roberts returned home and resumed farming. His property is situated on wlgat was once the Urbana and

Charleston Road, just one-half mile south of the Mechanicsburg Turnpike, about nine miles northeast of Spring-field. Thisis a beautiful and fertile section of Clark County.

On March 26, 1863, Mr. Roberts was married to Mary Coffey, who was born in Pleasant Township, Clark County, Ohio, and is a daughter of William and Nancy (Curl) Coffey. Her paternal grandfather, Joseph Coffey, came to Clark County in 1803. Both her father and mother were born in Pleasant Township. Her maternal grandfather, Jeremiah Curl, was born in Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have six children, namely: Charles, James William, Annie, Elizabeth, Lucy and Mary. Charles Roberts is the manager of the home farm. He married Josephine Warwick, and they have five children: Agnes, Josephine, Thomas Edwin and John. James William Rol)- erts is engaged in farming in Moorefield Township. He married Blanche Baldwin and they have one child, Blanche. Annie Roberts married Richard Marsh and they live in Indiana and have four children: Gladys, Grace, Elizabeth and Nathan. Elizabeth Roberts married Harry Bruce and they live at Troy, Ohio. Lucy Roberts married Nathan Marsh and they have three children : Douglas, Emily and Mary Catherine; and Mary Roberts married George Maxwell. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have lived to see all their children comfortably settled in homes of their own. He is a man of quiet tastes, devoted to his home and interested in local matters only so far as becomes a good citizen, taking no very active part in politics. He belongs to the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic.

WILLIAM BAYLEY, president of the William Bayley Company, manufacturers of structural and ornamental iron work, has been a resident of Springfield, Ohio, since 1875. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, July 28, 1845, and was there reared to maturity, atteuding the public schools during his youthful days.

Mr. Bayley remained in his native city until he passed the age of twenty-five years, then went to Wilmington, Delaware, where he conducted a machine shop one year. He removed to Springfield, Ohio," in 1875, and thereafter until 1889 was identified with the Whiteley plant. He then entered the employ of the Rogers Fence Company, and subsequently the Rogers Iron Comj^any, which three years later was succeeded by the William Bayley Company. The latter company was organized and incorporated with the following officers : William Bayley, president ; W. D. Bayley, vice president ; G. D. Bayley, second vice president; L. D. Bayley, treasurer, and A. G. Dey, secretary. They do all kinds of structural, ornamental arid artistic iron work and have built up an extensive business in this section of the state.

In 1871 Mr. Bayley was united in marriage with Miss Mary Dicus, of Baltimore, Maryland, and they have five children living, namely: William D., of Ashville. North Carolina ; Guy D., of Springfield; Lee D., of Springfield; Elden D., a student at Chapel Hill College in North Carolina, and Mary, wife of Prof. J. H. Pratt, chief of the geological department of the state of North Carolina and an instructor in Chapel Hill College. Fraternally our subject is a member of Clark Lodge, F. & A. M. He has taken an active interest in furthering the interests of the City of Springfield, and served two years on the board of park commissioners. Religiously he and his wife are members of the High Street Methodist Episcopal Church.

ENOCH K. NAVE, a prosperous farmer and well known citizen of Green Township, Clark County, Ohio, who was born on what is now the Shobe farm in that township, August 24, 1844, is a son of Jacob, Jr., and Mary (Knable) Nave, and grandson of Jacob and Catherine (Garlough) Nave.

Jacob Nave, Sr., was a native of Virginia, and was a young man, unmarried, at the time he came to Clark County, Ohio, in 1807. The Garlough family, into which he married, came to this county at about the same time. He was a soldier in the War of 1812.

Jacob Nave, Jr., was born on what is now the Shobe farm on the banks of the Little Miami River, August 22, 1811, and engaged in farming in Green Township throughout life, dying on the old home place in 1865, aged fifty-four years. He married Mary Knable, by whom he had eleven children, as follows : John G., a farmer of Green Township; Catherine (Shobe), formerly of Green Township, but now deceased; Margaret (Williams), of Madison Township ; Jacob H., who died as a result of injuries received at Beverly, West Virginia, during the Civil War; Enoch K., whose name begins this article ; William 0., of Tremont, Ohio ; Thomas, a resident of Springfield; Harriet (Ramy), of Plattsburg,Ohio;Eliza (Eiehelbarger) ; Ezra L., who lives at Pitchin; and Ervin

Elroy, a carpenter, of Madison Township. Mrs. Nave lived to the advanced age of eighty-six years, surviving her husband nearly a half century.

Enoch K. Nave was reared on the home place in Green Township, and lived under the parental roof until he was twenty-five years of age, when he struck out for himself. When the CivU War was in progress he enlisted for service in the Union Army, serving thirteen months in a creditable manner. Upon his return he resumed farming operations, which has been his life work. In 1894, he purchased his present farm of eighty-three acres, located about eight miles southeast of Springfield. He is now retired from business activity, enjoying the fruits of many years of toil.

Mr. Nave was joined in wedlock with Miss Rachel McKinney, a native of Clark County, and they have three children living: William; Mayne (Mrs. W. H. "VValker) ; and Mrs. Clara Garlough. Mrs. Nave died in October, 1881, and Mr. Nave took for his second wife, June 3, 1884, Addie Swisher, of Gallia County, Ohio. Politically, our subject is a Republican, and on January 1, 1908, he completed his sixth year as township trustee, an office he has filled with great credit to himself and the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Religiously, he is a member of the Free Baptist church.

JACOB BAKER, a prominent citizen and general farmer, owning seventy-five acres of valuable land in Mad River Township, was born November 11, 1833, in Maryland, and is a son of Jacob and Hannah (Der) (Youtsey) Baker.

Mr. Baker's paternal ancestors came from Germany and a record is preserved in an old German Bible in the family, which shows that Courod Baker, his grandfather, held high rank. The record does not further tell why Conrod and his two brothers left their native land and came to America, but the cause was probably either of a religious or political character. Two of the three brothers settled in Virginia, and all trace of them have been lost by the Ohio Bakers. Conrod Baker established himself in Maryland and acquii'ed much land in the neighborhood of Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland. He reared several children, but they did not survive him, and his last days were spent with his daughter-in-law, the widow of his son, Jacob.

Jacob Baker was reared on his father 's estate, and he, too, became a large farmer. He married Mrs. Hannah (Der) Youtsey, a widow, who was born near Middletown, Maryland. No children were born to her first marriage, and the five born to her second union were : Elizabeth, who is the widow of Armstead T. M. Alexander, lives on the old homestead in Maryland; Susan, who married T. B. Wiles, is deceased; Catherine, who died young; Philip, who was married (first) to Mary Smith, and (second) to a Miss Donovan; and Jacob, who was born four months after the death of his father. The latter had served as a soldier in the War of 1812.

Jacob Baker remained with his mother through childhood, youth and early manhood, and continued to live in Maryland for eleven years after his own marriage. His wife, Rachel Minnich, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, and at the time of marriage she was earning fifty cents a week and his wages were nine dollars a mouth. They left Maryland in October, 1864, and after reaching Clark County, Ohio, lived for six months near Snyder's Mill, west of Springfield, from which place they moved to Woodington, Darke County. It was while living there that Mr. Baker learned of the death of his beloved mother, in her home in Maryland, at the age of sixty-nine years. From Darke County, Mr. Baker came to his present farm, which he bought of John Peterson. It was not in very good condition and Mr. Baker subsequently tore down all of the old buildings and replaced them with substantial ones. His farm is now bounded on one side by the Eebert turnpike I'oad, two miles of which Mr. Baker built and hauled the first load of stone over it for the building of the courthouse at Springfield, three miles distant. Mr. Baker continues to carry on general farming on his land and has it carefully cultivated.

Mr. and Mrs. Baker have five children, namely: Harlin C, Charles M. F., Isaiah S., Mary Elizabeth, and Anna L. Harlin C. Baker was born in January, 1855, married Julia Webber and lives at Cleveland. Charles M. P. was born in 1856. He manages his father's farm. He married Alice Dudley and they have one child, Stanley H. Isaiah S. was born in 1858, and resides in Champaign County, Ohio. He married Emma Esterline and they have ten children, namely : Elizabeth, who has always lived with her grandparents; Charles, Luther, Helen, Mary, Nellie, William, Julia, Teddy, and an infant son. Mary Elizabeth Baker married George Sultzbach, and they live north of Springfield. They have four children: Walter,

Harry, Benjamin and Dorothy H. Anna. L. Baker married Judge L. F. Young, of Springfield. Mr. Baker and family belong to the Lutheran Church, of which he has been a member for the past fifty-four years. Politically, he has long been a stanch Republican, but he has never consented to serve in any office except that of school director. He belongs to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics.

HON. JOHN L. ZIMMERMAN, one of Springfield's leading citizens, a prominent member of her bar, and an active and successful politician, was born on a farm in Mahoning County not far from Washingtonville. He comes of pioneer stock and possesses many of the sturdy qualities found in his grandfather, who came to Ohio and settled in Columbiana County in 1803.

John L. Zimmerman's boyhood was spent on the paternal farm, and his early education was obtained in the country schools. He was ambitious, and when only seventeen years of age became a teacher and by his own efforts, in a spirit of independence, earned the money to enable him to pursue academic and collegiate studies. He became a student in Mt. Union College, going from there in the fall of 1875 to Wittenberg College, at Spring-field, from which institution he was graduated with honors, in 1879. He immediately began the study of law, in the office of Judge J. K. Mower, with whom he remained two years, and in October, 1881, he was admitted to the Ohio bar, and on May 1, 1882, he opened his office at Springfield, where he has continued until the present. Mr. Zimmerman has been twice elected president of the Clark County Bar Association. For eighteen years he has been a member of the board of directors of Wittenberg College, a part of that time being its president, and has also been a director of the Warder Free Library at Springfield, for a period of twenty-two years. In the business field he is vice-president of the E. W. Ross Company, a large enterprise of this city, in the manufacture of feed cutters, and is vice-president of the D. Q. Fox Company, wholesale grocers.

In 1889, Mr. Zimmerman was married to Miss Helen E. Ballard, who is a member of one of the leading families of Springfield, and they have two sons, typical young Americans, Charles Ballard, aged sixteen years, and John L., Jr., aged eleven years. Their beautiful home is one of culture and refinement and is frequently the scene of pleasant social functions.

Mr. Zimmerman's name is well represented in Spring-field, attached, as it is, to four of the city's most substantial business blocks : the Zimmerman Building, on Main Street; Citizens' National Bank Building, the three-story structure at No. 7 West Main Street, and the five-story New Zimmerman Building, situated on the corner of Main and Limestone Streets. Mr. Zimmerman has been one of the city's most liberal benefactors. He donated to Wittenberg College the Zimmerman Memorial Libraiy, a splendid structure which elicits admiration from every visitor. He gave liberally also to the building of the Masonic, Knights of Pythias and the Odd Fellows' Homes, being a member of the two former organizations.

Mr. Zimmerman calls himself a progressive Democrat, the principles of Jefferson and Jackson claiming his adherence. He is a loyal party man and from early manhood had pubhc offices urged for his acceptance, but he never permitted his name to be used prior to his candidacy for Congress in the Seventh District, against Hon. Walter Weaver. In later contests, when he has been brought forward for still higher honors, to his great credit may it be said, that in the heat of sharp political campaigns, no whisper has ever been heard impeaching his personal integrity or the honesty of his motives.

WILLIAM C. STEWART, a prominent resident of Green Township, and formerly a well known citizen of Spring-field, is located on the old Stewart homestead, and is occupied in farming. He has five hundred and forty acres of land, partly in Grreene County, and farms on an extensive scale.

Mr. Stewart was born on his present farm along the Little Miami, October 27, 1835, and is a son of John Templeton and Ann (Elder) Stewart, a further record of whom may be found elsewhere in this work. He was reared on this place and received a meagre educational training in the schools of this vicinity. A natural student, he applied himself to private research, and is at the present time well read on all topics of current interests, being a broad gauged, liberal minded man. He was a Httle past fourteen years of age when his father died, and he thereafter took care of his mother during her lifetime, living on the home place. This consisted of 260 acres originally, Mr. Stewart inheriting 129 acres of it, and the re- mainder of bis property being acquired tbrougb bis own bard work and judicious management. He remained on tbis place for fifteen years after bis marriage, tben in 1896, in order to give bis daugbter better educational advantages, moved to Springfield. Here be took rank among tbe substantial men and occupied a place bigb in tbe esteem of bis fellow citizens. In 1907, after eleven years of retirement, be returned to Green Townsbip, and resumed bis agricultural operations.

Mr. Stewart was married September 9, 1880, to Elizabetb Theodosia Sellefs, a daugbter of Albert and Harriet ( Jobnson) Sellers, of Cedarville Townsbip, Greene County, Obio. Mrs. Stewart's fatber was from Berkley County, Virginia, and ber mother from an old family of Clark County, Obio. Two cliildren were tbe issue of tbis union: Lea Virginia, wbo died in infancy; and Hazel Marie, wbo was, on November 21, 1907, joined in marriage, with Natban Nesbitt Murray. Politically, our subject is a Republican and has served on tbe School Board and as supervisor. He belongs to tbe Knights of Pythias, and religiously is a member of the Presbyterian Church.

WILLIAM MAHLON ROCKEL, tbe only child of Peter and Margaret Rockel, was born on the banks of Mad River, one mile east of Tremont City, July 18, 1855. It is tradition that the ancestor of the Rockel family was a German schoolmaster, wbo came to tbe colonies in 1752. Tbe great-grandfather, Peter Rockel, having intermarried with one Anna Maria Brown, lived near Allentown, Pennsylvania, until 1822; he was a miller by occupation. At this latter date he gathered together his belongings and with his wife and six children, leaving three elder ones, started in a wagon overland and landed one mile south of Tremont City in the same year. Here he purchased a small tract of ninety-sis acres, which is still in tbe Rockel family. As bis will on file in tbe probate judge's office shows, he died in 1824, when sixty-three years of age, bis family here remaining being bis wife, wbo died about 1841, and his son Adam and five daughters. Adam was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1793, and died May 13, 1884. In 1829 be married Mary M. Baker, daugbter of Phillip and Elizabeth Baker. She was born in Shenandoah County, Virginia, in 1810, and came with ber father's and grandfather's family in 1813 to a tract of land which ber grandfather had purchased a short distance west of Eagle City. She died in 1886.

Adam Rockel did service in tbe War of 1812, under General Henry Shearing. He had learned the shoemaker's trade, but was well educated, speaking and writing both the English and German languages, and served in various official capacities in German Townsbip.

Peter Rockel, father of the subject of tbis sketch, was the eldest son of Adam. He was born on the old homestead one mile south of Tremont City in May, 1831. In 1854 be married Margaret Shick, wbo was born in Harrison County, Obio, in 1833, and came with ber father to Logan County, Obio, in 1837. William Shick, her fatber, was born on the banks of the Potomac River, twelve miles above Washington, in 1808. In 1825 be started for tbe West, stopping in Harrison Coimty, where in 1829 he married Catherine Shawver. William Shick died in 1894, his wife having preceded him to the grave in 1891. They were people of good repute and resided for over a half-century one mile north of Bellefontaine. Margaret, the mother of the subject of this sketch, died in April, 1864.

In 1866 the father remarried, his bride being Sarah Ilges. After his first marriage he moved east of Tremont City on the banks of Mad River, and after his second marriage in 1867 moved two miles further east on the Urbana Pike, where he died in 1896, having never changed his post office address. He was an active, energetic citizen, well liked and popular in his community. For a number of years he was justice of the peace in Moorefield Township.

William M. Rockel had the lot usually falling to farmers' sons, forty-five years ago the loss of his mother, at an early age, depriving him of the loving kindness and tender care that only a mother knows how to bestow upon a child. The means of attending school were not as good then as at this time, and being a small and rather delicate child, he did not start until eight years of age. The first schoolhouse wbicb he attended was one of the old-time log school buildings, located al the southeast corner of the cross roads west of Bowlusville. This building was shortly afterwards burned. It was a typical schoolhouse of the early days. A log had been omitted or taken out along the sides of the building. In this space single window panes or two of small dimensions were put in horizontally, furnishing the light for the schoolroom. This was up so high that the little fellows had no opportunity of gazing outside, unless it were at the sky. Immediately below this window on each side was a broad board, which served for a desk, the larger pupils sitting with their faces to the light. The smaller pupils sat on benches around a stove in the center of the building. The next schoolhouse young Rockel attended was what is known as Dears, in the same neighborhood, the brick for the building of which, in 1864, he helped to haul.

In 1867-72 he attended the Franklin school district, on the Urbana Pike. He was very desirous of going to Wittenberg College, but other arrangements were made which ultimately defeated his intention of obtaining a collegiate education, and he accordingly went to live with his grandfather near Bellefontaine, where he attended the high school, being graduated in 1876.

In order to earn some money to assist in his education, in the winter of 1875 and 1876 he taught the coinmon school at Franklin, and while teaching this school he also kept up his studies in the high school. This was too much of a strain on his eyes and he had serious trouble with them, which materially interfered with his further education.

In the fall of 1876, however, he graduated in the business department of the Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, and as his eyes would permit, took up some special studies in the following year.

In 1877, having the previous winter commenced the study of Blackstone, he entered, as a student, the law office of Keifer & White, afterwards Keifer, White & Rabbitts. General Keifer was then in his first year in Congress. Charles R. White afterwards became Common Pleas judge. James H. Babbitts became county clerk, editor, and is now postmaster. He was admitted to the bar in April, 1879, by the old District Court, at London, Ohio.

In the fall of this year he opened a law office in a rear room of the Kizer Building, 2514 East Main Street. All of his ancestors were of the Democratic faith, and he started out m life voting that way. In 1880 he was the nominee of the Democratic party for prosecuting attorney, but: was defeated by the usual Republican majority. For some time he had been dissatisfied with the various views and policies of the Democratic party. Not liking the position taken by it in the past on material national questions, and its then attitude, local particularly, in regard to the temperance question, only the exemplary life of W. S. Hancock, the Democratic nominee for president, kept him in line in the presidential election of 1880.

In 1881 he announced that he had left the Democratic party. This gave great offense to many of his former Democratic friends, and many presaged and possibly hoped for dire results, and in the same spirit pressed for a reason. Feeling that whatever reason he might assign would be misconstrued, he declined to give any, other than what he later stated in his public addresses. Some of his former Democratic friends not being able to extract from him a reason, started one of their own, and gave out the report that he had said that there was no chance in the Democratic party to get any public position, and for that reason he had changed his politics.

it had considerable weight in preventing him from securing any political preferment. In 1890 he was nominated for probate judge by the Republicans, elected in the same year and re-elected three years thereafter.

In 1889, imsolicited, he received the appointment by the Supreme Court as one of the examiners upon the board to examine applicants for admission to the bar, and served until he took up the active duties of probate judge. Not having a very large or active practice, he began along in the eighties to prepare articles of a legal nature, which were published in the Weekly Law Bulletin and the Central Law Journal. These led aftei'wards to his selection by the editors of the tii'st edition of the American and English Encyclopedia of Law to prepare some of the articles for that work. This was terminated by his incumbency of the judgeship. Shortly after his admission to the bar he had made a selection of questions from the Supreme Court decisions. The editor of the "Bulletin" coming in contact with these, requested the privilege to print Ihem, and this was done in 1886 in pampnlet form. Afterwards, on solicitation of Judge Charles R. White, he joined with him in 1889 in getting out the first book in Ohio on Mechanics' Liens, and in 1890 his book on Township Officers was issued, which is now in its tenth edition. During his incumbency of the probate judge's office a number of his decisions were printed, and upon his retirement from this position he was engaged by the W. H. Anderson Company to prepare a work on