Springfield Township (part 6 of 69)

The inventive. as well as the mechanical. genius of the Champion City of Springfield is wonderful to contemplate. From the early days of the singleshovel plow and the reaping sickle, to the present day of sulky plows. grain drills, corn planters and mowing machines. the genius of our people has kept pace with all wants to such an extent that to-day not only this country, but the whole world, is being supplied with agricultural implements of all kinds from the factories within our limits, the products of which exhibit to trade and commerce the ability and excellence of owr manufactories. They have produced such improvements in agricultural implements that even the wise men from the east must come to this inland town for what have become farming as well as household necessities. Not long after our first settlement. the water-wheel and steam-engine took the place of horse-power. In early times, the driving qualities of our people built mills for grinding the cereal productions of the Lagonda Valley. Stove foundries soon followed, then the great turbine water-wheel. the mowing machines, grain drills. threshing machines, corn plows, cider-mills and steam-engines, became part of our every-day productions, until now the whole city is one din of machinery. managed and directed by men engaged in making the different implements and shipping them to all parts of the globe, to help mankind to plant, care for and harvest the crops that bring food, wealth and prosperity to the country.

The natural manufacturing facilities of this city are not large. Almost, if not all, of the water-power has been made by the hand of man, or perhaps, more properly speaking, what nature has deprived us of, the efforts of our enterprising citizehs have brought to our door. Many years ago, and at intervals since, the plan of building a water-power. or aqueduct, from Mad River on the north into our city limit has been a theory much thought of; but, while some were spending time looking and thinking over this plan, the steady utilization of timber, stone, brick, mortar and steam-power. has so filled our city with shops and factories that power has been sought in another direction. That is, from steam, the simplest and cheapest power yet invented. The greatest expense in the use of steam is fuel, and Springfield was remote from the coal-fields. This deficiency in manufacturing facilities has recently been removed by the construction of a railroad from this place to Jackson County, Ohio. reaching the coal-fields at that point. Now fuel is more abundant. and easily obtained, if not cheaper.

To those who can remember the old grist-mill, saw-mill and woolen-factory, in the days when the little log cabin stood where the soldiers' monument now stands, this grand change is like a transformation. which is to them as a child growing into manhood, and becoming not only great and good, but the admiration of all. i

The nuniber of manufactories in the city make it a manufacturing place of no small dimensions, and. while she stands sixth in the State in point of population, her manufacturing interests place her much higher in this list, and it would be hard to find in the whole country another town of its size with anything like the proportions of Springfield in this direction. The extensive factories and small shops, now inclosing some five square miles of floor room, and giving regular employment to over four thousand bands, is a living testimony to the driving qualities of our manufacturers. This condition of business is continually enlarging. The earlier industries were more the work of necessity than profit, the mill to grind the corn for food. the saw-mill and the loom were all built to provide the necessities of life to those who came here to spend their days in making a home for those who would come after to reap the harvest that they planted for them. Among the very first, if not indeed the first, to engage in any manufacturing venture in this city, was the determined early settler, James Demint, who, in 1803, built, at the mouth of Mill Run a grist-mill of small proportions, which ground away a whole day to produce a few sacks of meal; but such was the convenience of this mill to the settlers of that day that no complaint was made, but, with pipe and gun, they would go and watch the meal run out, like the sand from an hour-glass, while they would exchange the news of the neighborhood with each other.

Simon Kenton was the next to build a mill, at the point where the village of Lagonda now stands, of which mention is made in connection with the manufacturing interests of that place.

In Mr. Woodward's sketches of Springfield, he writes: In 1807, Robert Rennick built a flouring-mill on Buck Creek, where Bechtle's old mill was formerly situated, while Mr. Ludlow, in his early history of Springfield, states that this mill was built in 1802. Robert Rennick built a grist-mill either in 1802 or between that and 1807, on Buck Creek, opposite the Bechtel farm, and, from all information gained, it was an improvement on the óthers; so, to have been an improvement on them, it must have been built after them. Most likely the Rennick mill was built after the Demint and Kenton mills. "This was a flour and grist mill, and provided for the wants of the settlers.of that day. In 1809, John Lingle built a mill for making gunpowder, near where Mill Run flows into Buck Creek. His magazine for storage stood near where the present City Hall now stands. About 1814, Maddox Fisher built a mill near the mouth of Mill Run, whether a grist or cotton mill, or both, is not a settled point, but it was either used for both at the same time or at different times, and was known as the Fisher Mill until destroyed by fire in 1834. About the same time (1814), Ira Paige and Jacob Woodward had a woolen-factory near where the old papermill stood, on Mill Run.

In 1817, Griffith Foos had a small mill in operation where the shops of the Champion Bar & Knife Company now stand. The same year, James Johnson commenced the manufacture of cut nails, which was a matter of no small importance to the citizens at that time. In 1827, Ambrose Blount, James Lowry and Jacob Kills built the paper-mill on Buck Creek. Part of said mill is now standing, and will be mentioned in connection with the Ellster Table Factory. This brings us to the time of more extensive improvements in the manufactuirng line. About 1820, Joseph Perrin built and operated a sawmill on or near where Engert & Dunkel at present have the ice-pond, west of the Lagonda Pike, and south of the C., S. & C. R. R., about five hundred yards southwest from the crossing of those roads. In 1838, Richard Rodgers built and operated a saw-mill one-half mile below the present village of Lagonda. The water-power used by these mills afterward was turned into the Barnett Hydraulic. In the winter of 1840-41, Samuel and James Barnett purchased of Joseph Perrin, Richard Rodgers and Jeremiah Warder, land and water right, and made the first artificial power of any magnitude. The Barnett Hydraulic, to the present day, supplies power to several large mills. After preparing the power, Samuel and James Barnett built and operated until 1847, a merchant flouring-mill, and to-day the mill stands, with numerous modern improvements, one of the best flouring-mills in the country. In 1847, Samuel Barnett bought his brother's interest, which he held until 1859, when he sold out to William Warder and W. A. Barnett, who have run the mill up to this date, and are now adding improvements to it which will place them in a better condition to compete in the market with the vast number of large mills of the highest class. In 1841, Samuel and James Barnett sold to James Leffel one-twelfth part of the water-power of the hydraulic: also the same amount to Richard Rodgers.

James Leffel started a saw-mill and foundry. Soon after, he and Andrew Richards built and run a cotton-miH and machine-shop, which passed through several different hands, until now it forms part of the great Buckeye Works. Richard Rodgers re-sold his power to James Barnett, who built a linseed-oil mill, which he sold to John Foos. This mill is also part of the Buckeye shops. In 1847, the Barnetts leased land and power to Christie, Muzzy and Andrews, who operated a planing-mill, afterward conducted by Kindleberger, and now also part of the Buckeye shops.

In 1847, the Barnetts sold Rabbitts and Olds the land and power for woolenmills, which they and others operated with good success until 1874, when the power was sold to Warder and Barnett, and the mill property is now used by Blount & Wilson for the manufacture of agricultural implements. In 1842, John A. Pitts, inventor of the Pitts separator, removed from Rochester here, and bought land and power from the Barnetts, and built shops for manufacturing the Pitts separator. After his death, his sons came into possession of the shops, which have passed through different owners, until the present time. They are now operated by the heirs of James W. Rinehart and Charles P. Ballard and L. H. Pursell, under the firm name of Rinehart, Ballard & Co. Mr. Pursell, the only living member of the firm, is a young man of ability, and to his special attention is due much of their prosperity. -This firm manufacture very largely of threshing machines. The shops of the company are situated on the southeast corner of Limestone and Warder streets, and are well adapted for the manufacture of these machines. The Pitts separator, as made by them with their modern improvements, speaks in many a farmer's yard of the great manufacturing genius of our city.

In 1846, the Barnetts leased land and power to Olly Taylor, who built a linseed-oil mill, which passed to Smith & Dew, then to Smith & Boucher, then to Steel, Lehman & Co, then through John Foos to the Buckeye Works. Henry Croft, Sr., one of the pioneers of Clark County, claims to have been the first inventor of the county, and, while his manufacturing ventures have been in a small way, his inventions are quite a credit to him. In 1846, he built a cornsheller that would shell large amounts of corn per day, separating the grain and cobs. This was run by horse-power, and was such a success that he was called upon to make some for his neighbors. The same year, Mr. Croft made a separator, and, as he had never seen one before, the credit of the invention in his case was not small. This machine he put on wheels, and was the very first ever in this county on wheels. This one Mr. Pitts saw, and it is claimed by Mr. Croft that from his machine Pitts got the notion, and ever afterward put his separators on wheels. Mr. Croft also made razor-strops, watch keys and hook combined, and, in 1870, he manufactured the Croft Windmill, which is now in the hands of E. C. Leffel, the youngest son of James Leffel, who intends in the near future to erect large shops and push the manufacture of these engines i is best energy and ability. - Tn 1829, Os Bretney, Gasca the manufacturing of leather, which has been carried on by himself and son, at 116 East Main street, ever since 1830, the time Mr. Bretney established himself. Mr. Bretney gave the business his special attention up to the time of his death, in 1869. At that time, the business passed into the hands of his son Charles, who still runs the tannery and supply business. :

PS pis Ue carriage manufacturer is David West. He built the first buggies and carriages, in 1837; at or near where his present factory stands, on West High street, between Market and Center streets.

He has pushed every point, and now has factory room for 100 hands. The business of this concern grew from manufacturing old-style vehicles to the present style of phætons, side-bar buggies, carriages and coaches, which are finished in the best quality of workmanship. Close behind Mr. West came the Driscol brothers, Elias and James, who started at the carriage manufacturing in 1847, James having been connected with John Beal some two years before in the same business, about one block west of their present shop, No. 48 West Main street. The business of Elias and James Driscol has been carried on by them and their sons since 1847, with the exception of three years. In the year 1870, Asa Whitehead and W. D. Cushman bought the business and ran it for three years. During part of that time, George and John Driscol, sons of James, carried on business some three blocks west of the present factory. In 1873, James Driscol and his sons bought the old business and returned to their starting-ground. Since that time, their business has grown so large that it isnow considered one of the great interests of Springfield. In connection with their carriage manufactory, they run a planing-mill and are manufacturers of earriage wood-work of all kinds. "The building of vehicles for the road is very extensively carried on at this time in our city. H. Fehl & Co., of West Main street, Otstot and the Lawrence Brothers on East Main street, are engaged in the same business, besides many other small interests, to add their work to the busy life of this mechanical city.

The number and value of mills, factories and little shops that dot our town can only be understood when it is known that there are over one hundred of them within our city limits that can lay claim to be manufacturing some particular article of daily use. To mention all of these in chronological order would be almost impossible, from the fact that we have been unable, in many cases, to procure dates and other information regarding them. At the extreme west end are the old furniture factories, used for a long time for making furniture, now used to make the wood-work of the Royal St. John Sewing Machine. On Main street, near Shaffer, is the factory of Evans & Foos Manufacturing Company, formerly the Evans Manufacturing Company, established in 1876 by J. M. Evans and three brothers, and run by them to September, 1880, when G. S. Robert and W. F. Foos were added to the firm, and renewed efforts were put forth in the manufacture of corn planters, corn drills and harrows. Near them are the shops of Woliston, Chambers & Burnett. Mr. Woliston formerly manufactured the Whitelly plow, but in 1876 the present firm began operations for the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, ete. Up to 1880, they also made the I X L plow, but have discontinued that for the present. The Springfield Malleable Iron Company was incorporated in 1878 by S. C. Warner and eight associates, and their foundry was built in the western part of the city, where that company has very fine shops, and are well equipped for manufacturing malleable castings. They now make some two hundred tons per month. Mr. S. C. Warner was one of the very first to make malleable iron in this country, first starting in Connecticut, and then at Cleveland, where he started large malleable foundries. From there he came to Springfield, where he started two concerns. He was one of the few who have made the manufacturing of malleable iron a life study, and, while equipping his last venture, was taken away by death from his friends, with whom he had spent so many busy days. The Eureka Foundry, J. R. Ambrose, proprietor, is one of the busy places of which this city is so full, running continually, manufacturing parts of the Eclipse engine and doing general job work. This foundry was started by its present owner some two years ago, who, after working as molder and foreman of foundries since 1840, started on Washington, east of Limestone street, in 1875. From this point he removed two squares west to his present foundry, between Market and Center, on Washington street. Í

1878, in the alley between High and Washington, Market and Center streets, as a general job shop. A new shop is now completed, and will soon be occupied by Yakey & Byers, who succeeded Creighton. It is situated on East street, just south of Mound.

Near Main street, in the alley above mentioned, is the Champion Brass Foundry of J. J. Fawcett. It was first established on Limestone street in 1873, by Kelly & Fawcett, and carried on by them some two years, when Mr. Fawcett bought the business and removed it to the present site.

Many years ago, where the St. John shops now stand, Mr. David L. Croft had a silver-plating shop. From this point he removed to High street, and, after many changes, he is now established west of Center street, in the electro plate, belt clamp and blackboard-eraser business.

The early light of our city, furnished by candles, was made by Mr. Robert Thompson, who had, in 1859, bought from James Bean the candle-factory which he had started some two years before. The factory stood on East Main street, at the foot of what was known as Brewery Hill. For twenty years this business was carried on in a large way, until 1879, when it had to succumb to the more civilized blaze of coal oil.

The firm of Peel & Elster began the manufacturing of dash moldings at 132 West Main street in 1873, and removed from there to 78 South Limestone street in October, 1878, where they now make dash moldings, neck-yokes, Buckeye wringers and halters. At the same place, T. R. Way makes mill picks, a business he began in 1872, at 65 South Market street, in connection with a general job shop.

After many years of activity in the tinware and spouting business, Mr. T. B. Peet took as partner C. A. Schuster, and started, in 1874, at 28 South Market street, second floor, a shop for making galvanized iron cornice, window-caps and finials, which business has grown to very large dimensions, and is to-day one of our important branches of industry. ;

The Springfield Cracker Works, started in 1872 by Stafford & Miller, have passed from hand to hand until Cartmell & Erter, the present owners, purchased the business in 1878, and removed from No. 46 West Washington street to No. 14 South Center street, where they now have works of the capacity of baking three and a half barrels of flour per hour.

In 1817, Griffith Foos had a small oil-mill on the corner of what is now Linden avenue and Monroe street. This mill is said to have been removed to East street, about where the Common Sense Engine Works now stand, and then used as a cotton-factory, and afterward as a flax-mill In 1834, the flouringmill known as the Fillar Mill was built on the ground where the Foos oil-mill stood, on the corner of Linden avenue and Monroe street. It was run by an overshot wheel, and was operated for many years, until, in 1871, it was bought by E. R. Hotsenpeller & Co., and used by them for a hominy-mil. In 1873, the mill was destroyed by fire. The ground was bought of E. R. Hotsenpeller & Co., by the Champion Bar & Knife Company, in 1874, and the present shops of this company erected on it.

These shops are now under the management of Charles A. Bauer as Superintendent, who has proved his ability as a mechanical expert in the present perfection of the work done in these shops. No one can fully appreciate his skill, or the excellence of these works, without personal inspection.

Since 1872, L. Patrick & Co., 12 South Center street, have manufactured the Patrick hot-air furnace, for heating dwellings, churches, storerooms and halls, the Star wind-mill, force pumps and lever spring beds. This business is carried on by L. Patrick and I. W. Rodgers. The planing-mill of T. L. Arthur was built by Voorhis & Arthur in 1867, and operated by them until 1870, when.

John H. Voorhis bought the interest of his partner. In 1871, it was Voorhis. Hayward & Co.; in 1872, Voorhis & Spencer: in 1873, Arthur & Lightfoot: and in 1874, Thomas L. Arthur took full control, and is now operating it as a sash, door and blind factory.

William H. Bauroth, general job shop, on west side of Fisher's alley. between Main and High streets, has been run by him since 1574. manufacuring pulley, shafting and hangers. On North street, between Spring and Factory streets, the cement, drain and sewer-pipe factory was built by A. W. Eichelberger in 1875, where many necessities in house building are made, besides drain and sewer piping.

Springfield has had a book-bindery since 1844. At that time, J. D. Smith started in this business on Trapper's Corner. This establishment was sold to a Cincinnati man, who removed the tools to Cincinnati, Ohio. J. W. Kills & Son commenced same business in 1860, and took the place of the one removed. In 1869, the Smith concern, which had again started, in the building known as the old Protestant building, just south of High street. on Limestone. was removed to the Republic building, where it was carried on by different firms until 1880, when J. D. Smith & Co. withdrew and started a bindery at the corner of Main and Limestone streets, and the Republie Printing Company continued the same business in their building.

There are in this city two breweries - Vorce & Blee, on East Columbia street, and Engert & Dinkle, corner of Penn and Section streets. Both are very large concerns, and have been in operation for many years. The Vorce & Blee brewery was established in 1840: that of Engert & Dinkle in 1819.

W. Burns' distillery, on East Main street, has been in operation since 1857, doing a very large business for so small a coneern. It now has a bonded warehouse in connection with the stillhouse.

James Lowry & Co. (consisting of James Lowry, J. W. Kills and Dr. Ambrose Blount, father of A. À. Blount, dentist) commenced building a paper-mill in the fall of 1827, on Mill Run, between Columbia and North streets, just northeast of the Columbia street burying-ground. This mill was finished and put into operation on June 21, 1828, as a hand paper-mill, and was run as such until 1836, when it was changed into a machine-mill. with a wet machine only, and in 1840 a drier was added, and so run until May, 1861, making all kinds of paper. In 1536,the mill changed hands, and J. W. Kills & Sous atid it until May, 1861, at which time they made an assignment to William D. Hill.

Baker W. Peck laid the stone foundation of the above mill. In 1864. Marshfield Steel purchased this mill property and remodeled it into a tobacco factory, which was run by M. Steel & Co. up to 1567, when J. L. Kidder took possession and manufactured tobacco until 1569. Since then it has been used as a foundry, machine-shop and general job-shop, up to 1880, when it was rebuilt and occupied by J. V. Elster, who manufaetures the Wright extension table. This business was started by Wright & Elster at the Stringtown shops. now used by the St. John Company for the manufacture of the wood-work of their sewing machines. The unoccupied shops of the Taylor Paint Company on South Limestone street were built in 1877, by Caleb Tavlor and William Pimlott, and used in the manufacturing of dry paints by them and their successors, Taylor & Judson, who had worked up a thrifty business, but which was suddenly stopped by the death of Mr. Taylor on April 15, 1878. and who had been the manufacturing chemist of the firm. In 1569, Thomas Roberts purchased of Thompson & Kingsbury, boiler-makers, their business on Limestone

Source changes here: from The Centennial Celebration of Springfield, Ohio, by Springfield, O. [from Old Catalog], published 1901; 81,060 words in this source stream.

Springfield City

THE engraving on the following page was made from a drawing by an English gentleman who visited Mr. Jeremiah W^der, February 23, 1832. The view is from a point direct!) :i front of what is now the Mitchell-Thomas Hospital, looking westward. The most prominent building in the center is the old Werden House, now Henry Block. On the right is the old Court House. The residence on the left was the first house occupied by Jeremiah Warder, now the home of the Misses Burrowes, East High St., opposite Christ's Episcopal Church The view in the foreground was on the line of the National Road, then in process of construction.

Preface

A hundred years in the Hfe of a community which has had a prosperous and successful growth, is worth reviewing. During that time there may have been some occurrences of more than ordinary character which will be interesting to those who read of them in narrative form ; but the most forceful and productive of all agencies in advancing the condition of a people are the common, well-directed, every-day actions and employments which they have industriously pursued.

The best growth in the life of a nation, city or town arises from normal conditions ; the abnormal, unusual, or spasmodic, rather retard advancement than further it. Great events are often useful in shaking off lethargy and arousing to new actions and enlargfed views, but there must follow the steady and quiet pursuit of the various occupations to bring lasting results.

The addresses and papers contained in this volume set forth the simple story of a city which has had great success, especially during the last fifty years. The reasons for its advance have been told by the writers in the narration of plain facts which show nothing unusual in the experience of the builders of Springfield, unless it be tlie steady and persistent efforts which have characterized them in the business or occupation to which they gave the energies of their life. The lesson to he learned from these records w^ill be of great value to those who are to follow in the various professions and employments that belong to our city, giving inspiration and confidence in the work which each one has chosen.

the professions, have kept pace with the growing city. Its ministers, its lawyers, its physicians, and its teachers, are among the best of the land, and they have kept steadily in view progress in good morals, the administration of justice, the alleviation of suffering by the newest discoveries in medical science, and the training of those who attend the various schools by the most approved methods recognized by the best educators of the world. With the vantage ground gained in many fields after a century of hard and persistent labor, and with the spirit that animates all our people always to put forth their best efforts, Springfield enters the second century of its history with cheering prospects for splendid achievements.

Contents

V. Pioneer Day. Introductory Address, A. P. L. Cochran, Esq. Bench and Bar, Judge William M. Rockel. History of the Medical Profession of Clark County,

Future Interests of Agriculture in Clark County, Mr. Julius C. Williams. History of the Labor Organizations in Springfield, Mr. T. J. Creager. ------------- 227

Mrs. F. M. Hagan

General George Rogers Clark was born in Albemarle County, Virginia in 1752. In 1776 he went to Kentucky to make his permanent home. He there became a leader in m^any military expeditions. In 1778 he conducted a small force against the British post, Kaskaskia, in what is now Illinois, and in the early part of 1779, against Vincennes, in what is now Indiana. These places were seized, and this fact gave the claim, on the part of the Americans, to the North West Territory, which was afterwards secured to the United States by the treaty of 1783.

In 1780, General Clark led a force of about one thousand men against the Indians, located on Mad River. On the eighth of August, 1780, he defeated the Indians at Fort Piqua, a spot five miles west of Springfield. The battle was of much consequence to the settlers of Kentucky. In 1817 when our county was created, it was named in honor of General Clark, whose exploits were of so much consequence, not only to the West, but also to the Nation.

Sprin3Field, Ohio Founding Of Springfield

In the year 1799 James Deinint, a Kentuckian, found his \\a\- to tlie region now known as Springfield. He was pleased with the fertile soil, with the outcrop of limestone suitahle for building- purposes, with the streams near by well adapted for power, and with the many fine springs which flowed from almost every hill side and projecting rock, a sight ever pleasing to the pioneer. He resolved to make his abode here, and chose as the place for his cabin a spot of ground which lies at the foot of the hill on w hich now stands the Northern School Building. Near by was a spring- that furnished agreeable water, and in front of his lonely dwelling flowed the then clear stream, Buck Creek, while on everv side were the huge forest trees which nuist be cleared away before anything could be done toward planting the seed for the much-needed harvest.

For almost two years Demint led a loncl}- life. Tliere were few neighbors then. Robert Lowrey and Jonathan Donnell were located six or seven miles to the west, while Simon Kenton, the hero of many adventures among the Indians, and John Humphreys were several miles distant.

To the mind of Demint the place he had selected for his home was favorable for a town site. Nature had done much to make it suitable, and its distance from other villages which had hitherto been the basis of supplies for the few but necessary articles incident to pioneer life, seemed to warrant the establishment of a new town here.

In March, 1801, Demint secured the services of John Daugherty, a surveyor, who made a plat reaching from the creek southward to a point where High street is now located, eastward a half square beyond Spring street, and westward to Fisher street. There were ninety-six lots in the plat, all offered, no doubt, on easv terms, to any who might chance to seek investments of that

In June, 1801, the first house was erected on the new town site by Griffith Foos, who had migrated from Kentucky. It was used for a number of years for a tavern, where hospitality usual for the times was dispensed to all travelers. It was not long until other houses were built ; families were continually added to the community, and the town soon began to assume an air of progress and dignity.

Springfield was planted near the border line fixed between the Indians and the white people. Though Wayne's treaty of 1795 had determined many points about which disputes had hitherto arisen, the Indians were continually dissatisfied, and expressed the same in various w-ays to the annoyance of the pioneers. They roamed over the country, they were passionately fond of strong drink, quarrelsome, often appropriated the property of the farmers to their own use, and at times were disposed to take the life of some lonely traveler. Such an event occurred in the killing of one Myers, fifteen miles north of this place. In consequence of it feeling ran high. A council of Indians and whites was held in Springfield in 1807, at which the celebrated Tecumseh was present and made speeches, in which he denied that his people were the offenders, but that the murder was committed by a band of marauding Indians. Such alarms kept away from the new settlement many who desired to come, but who were unwilling to expose themselves and families to the murderous tomahawk and scalping knife of the cruel savage, and it also caused some who were already settlers to retrace their steps and locate in places more distant from the dividing line between the hostile nations.

From 1806 to 1812 the Indians continuously manifested a hostile disposition toward the pioneers. They w^ere greatly offended to see the new settlements made upon the lands once dominated by their fathers. In 1813 Tecumseh and his brother, the prophet, prepared a plan by which all the settlements of Southwestern Ohio were to be laid in ruins, the people slain, and the territory to be reclaimed for the savages. The refusal of a few tribes to enter into the compact defeated the plan and, perhaps, saved from bloody destruction the little village of Springfield.

Springfield, Ohio

At that time the inhabitants of this region were few, and many of the men were serving- in the army in the Northwest, so that a suddeti descent of the exasperated Indians could have done much harm. P)Ut that fate was happily averted.

Though the Indian was still a visitor among the white settlements after the war of 1812, he came with a different air. He had taken his chances and lost ; his leaders and his brothers were among the slain ; new boundaries marked the point of separation between him and his white neighbor, and he never sought again to reclaim the territory of Ohio for his own. The war being over, Springfield settled down to a new life, free from dangers from without, and ready to undertake the hard struggle but promising outcome which was the experience and expectation of all settlers in those days. The growth of the town was slow. After two decades the census could find only a little more than five hundred people within its limits There was not much in those times that the town could afford which the surrounding country needed ; every man on his farm could supply his own wants from his labors in the field. The home was a factory for the production of implements of all kinds and the preparation of almost all the necessary supplies of clothing without the aid of the manufacturer or the shop-keeper. It was only when pursuits began to be diversified that the town began to grow. Then artisans found a place to ply their trade and the merchant found his field of usefulness and of gain increasing. Yet from the very beginning of its history Springfield gave evidence of its future line of development. Flouring, woolen, and carding mills were ea'rly built, their owners taking advantage of the streams to furnish power for driving the machinery. This at once attracted attention to communities far and near, whose people came to secure the advantages these mills afforded. These visits were of great benefit also to the storekeeper, for it brought to him purchasers from distant as well as near-by settlements, who in turn still further spoke to their neighbors and friends of the opportunities that the town gave to all.

As the years passed by, new and varied interests were demanded, and the citizens of Springfield were found ready to expand their facilities to meet the growing wants of society. Their spirit of enlargement and enterprise has always been ready and willing, and by it there has been built up the great and varied manufacturing concerns that abound to-day. Without the opportunities afforded by the location and these supported and enlarged by the spirit of the founders and their successors, our city would not have advanced to its present dimensions, but have remained a country town no larger than the country immediately around it would support.

With the planting of the town there sprang up the Church and the School, necessary aids to the moral and intellectual growth of any community. Private schools, academies, female seminaries and college have been established and received the support of the people. All these institutions have contributed much to the spirit, intelligence and prosperity of Springfield. Along with these has grown up the Public Library, which has become a source of great pleasure and profit to the people, and scarcely second to none of the features that exist for the benefit of all. But the best of all things we have is the spirit of enterprise that characterizes our citizens. \\'ithout it no progress could Ije made in the many avenues that are opened up to us for trade, and for the arts of production. In importance it is far above all material or commercial interests and advantages. It helps to conquer dii^culties. seeks out and enters new fields and, if such a thing be possible, brings success anywhere and ever\-- where. For a hundred years that spirit has been fostered, and it will be with us, no doubt, for another cen.tury.

Committees, Program

The proposition to hold a Centennial in honor of the completion of one hunderd years in the life and growth of Springfield was first made in the Clark County Historical Society, early in 1900. After due consideration the Society concluded that the movement should take a broad scope and be made an affair of the citizens of our city, and for that purpose a general meeting should be called to consider its feasibility and its importance.

This invitation brought together a goodly number of citizens in the Council Chamber on the evening of March 13, 1900. The object of the meeting being fully stated, there followed a free and full discussion of the advisability of observing the city's centennial in a manner becoming its importance and worthy of the character of a community which had achieved as much success as fell to the lot of Springfield. The concluson was reached that it was eminently proper to oljserve the event with its appropriate ceremonies. To carry out this view it was voted to appoint a General Committee of Seven who should have charge of the celebration, fixing the time for holding it, appointing all subcommittees, and looking after all necessary details that would be connected with so important a project.

Schaus. and Mr. D. O. Fox. The committee held its first meeting- March 13, 1900, in the rooms of the Commercial Club, at which place, through the kindness of the members of that club, all l)ut two of the numerous sul^sequent meetings were held. Judge F. M. Hagan was elected President, R. F. Prince Secretary and D. Q. Fox Treasurer.

After its organization the committee began to lay plans for the proper celebration of the anniversary, and which it greatly desired to make worthy of so great an occasion. It outlined and discussed various ways, but reached its final conclusion with great unanimity of sentiment.

C)n March 29th the General Committee decided on the following subjects, each to be committed to the care of a special committee, afterwards named as follows :

On December 3d the various committees were called to meet with the General Committee, at which time the general work of the Centennial was discussed and the special duties of each committee were outlined. It was desired that each committee should have an early meeting, form its plans of operation, and appoint some one to prepare a paper giving an account of the origin and development of the particular interests embraced within the title of the committee. At an adjourned meeting held December i8th most of the special committees reported, showing that now the real work in preparation for the celebration was in progress. At this meeting also a full discussion of what the celebration ought to be was had. It indicated that a number of persons were givmg thought to the work and were desirous to make the event worthy

From this time forward the chairman of each special committee was called to meet with the General Committee, which brought the various departments into close touch with the general management, and showed where pressure, if needed, should be applied.

The time of holding' the celebration was orginally fixed for the first week in September, 1901, but owing to Labor Day, State Fair, and other interests occurring at that time, it became necessary to change the date, which was finally fixed from August 4th to loth, the first day to be Religious Day, at which time the paper on the religious organizations of the city would be read.

At the beginning of February the matter of meeting the expenses incurred in the matter of carrying forward the work came up for discussion. As a result Governor A. S. Bushnell, Mr. John Foos and Mr. D. Q. Fox were appointed to nominate a Finance Committee, who should secure the funds necessary for the enterprise. They subsequently reported the following names : E. L. Buchwalter, Chairman ; W. H. Schaus, C. J. Bowlus, Charles H. Pierce, Robert Johnson, O. F. Hypes, Charles W. Constantine, Pearl M. Cartmell, Henry Wiseman, Theodore L. Troupe, William Kleeman, W. F. Foos, John W. Burk. D. F. Snyder. J. S. Crowell, Herman Voges, Sr., H. J. Rober, James S. Stimmel, R. L. Holman, J. B. Cartmell, E. B. Hopkins.

The Nominating Committee also brought in a budget of expenses, which served well as a guide for the amount of money to be raised. The same committee, at a subsequent meeting, was made an Executive Committee, to whom all matters of contract and detail were referred. They proved themselves most efficient in the management of all that pertained to the celebration and were ready at all times to direct and give advice to those who desired it.

To further advance the practical work of the Centennial, a Director General, in the person of Mr. L Ward Frey, was appointed. Mr. Frey at once entered upon his duties, secured headquarters, a clerk, and such appHances as were necessary to a vigorous and effective management. He was unremitting in his labors and the success of the celebration gave proof of his efficiency and wise judgment.

To make the Centennial more instructive and entertaining, it was decided to secure an old log cabin and move it to the grounds, or construct a new one after the fashion of those that were built a century ago. The latter project was alone found feasible, and a double log cabin was Iniilt, covered with clapboards, supplied with clay and stick chimneys, and in its furnislnngs made to appear as nearly as possible like those of olden tunes. Its care was given to the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who gathered many relics of the past with which they adorned the cabin and made it attractive to the many thousands of visitors who entered its doors. The Daughters had various souvenirs which were sought for by many to keep as a reminder ot a happy event in their experience, made so largely by the open hospitality of the ladies who had the place in charge.

Sunday, August 4 Religious Day

RELIGIOUS DAY. Rev. George H. FiiUcrton, D. D., Chairman. Exercises at 2 -.30 p. m., at the Fair Grounds. Doxoloo-v - 'Praise God, From Whom All Blessings Flow."

Monday, August 5 Formal Opening Day

Governor A. S. Bushnell, Chairman. Parade at 10:30 a. m. of all City Officials, Police and Fire Departments, Manufacturers and Commercial Interests.

Afternoon

]\Ianv of the manufacturing- 'firms were well represented in the new hall, built partly for this exhibition, with all kinds of machinery, the products of their factories. Along with the new implements of splendid make there were others that were built thirty, forty, and even fifty years ago. Some were exhibited that have been in* use for nearly thirty years, and still doing good work, showing the good quality of the material used in their construction and the scientific principles upon whch they were built - facts for which Springfield machinery has long been famous. The older machinery was much more clumsy and much heavier than that of recent make ; neither was it capable of so many uses as that made at present The old could perform a single operation. If a reaper, it could cut the grain ; in the next process it could throw it ofif in bundles for the binders who followed; but now, in addition. it can do the binding and drop the sheaves in bunches, as convenience may demand. The evolution of machines for lightening man's toils, a process that has its great history in the last one hundred years, and has experienced most of its advancement in the last twenty-five, is one of the wonders of mankind. Springfield, through its inventors and manufacturers, has had a great part in this wonderful evolution, which could be seen in the contrast between the machinery made forty and fifty years ago and that produced in recent years.

' Another display that received much attention from visitors was that made by the Clark County Historical Society. There were many specimens in the collection of the art of prehistoric man, showing the implements which served him in war and in peace, and which indicated the hard life that befell him when he was born into this world. The utilizing of the forces of nature to serve man's wants, such as are used to-day, were unknown to him. and a life of mere animal force was about as much as he knew in his experience.

Of the things representing the methods and means used by the pioneers to supply their wants, there were many articles. Conspicuous among them was the plow with wooden mold-board and iron point, which in the loose, virgin soil, served well the farmer in breaking up the ground ; the sickle with which he cut his gram ; the flail with which he beat out the kernel ; the hominy mortar, made in this case from a walnut tree, in which the pioneer put his corn, poured over it boihn"- water, and then with an iron wedge placed in a handle for a pestle, beat or stamped it until the leathery coating- of each grain was removed, and was then ready for the house-keeper's art; the flax break, the hackle, the little spinning wheel, implements necessary to produce the thread out of which linen was made for many kinds of domestic use ; the crane which swung in the old-fashioned chimney, and which, hung with various kettles, was readily adjusted over the fire; and many other things that showed something of the life of our ancestors. Though these methods were far inferior to those of our day, yet those who used them were as happy as we. and wrought their w^ork in gaining a livelihood and in building up the forces of society with great contentment of mind. Those who lived in those far-ofif days, and who have lingered long enough to experience something of the great improvements of our times, have kept pace well with the great strides that the last twenty-five years have made, showing that it is not the things that men possess that make them great and noble, but their spirit and aspirations which lead them to adapt themselves to the times and circumstances under which they live.

One of the finest and most suggestive displays was that presented by the City Schools. There were drawings, pictures, mapsall free hand, commencing with the lowest grades and ascending to the highest. That many of them could be made without any measuring instrument other than the eye, was a wonder to all who saw them. Some of the maps seemed as perfect as though made by the most delicate machinery. There were no examples of what the children of early times could do. It is more probable that they did little in the field of map-drawing, but spent their time in learning to read, write, and cipher. That some of them learned to be good pensmen, an investigation of the earlier records of the Recorder's office will clearly show. But nothing like the school display in the building set apart for it in Centennial Week was ever dreamed in the days of pioneer life.

An attempt was made to gather all books printed in Clark County or written by one of its inhabitants. A fair and worth) collection was made, but it was impossible under the conditions to gather all. But the number displayed was a surprise to many. They did not know that our people had been so active in producing books, some of them of great historical value ; others poetical and literary, and others again belonging to travels and to the class of novels.

Religious Day

The first service of the Centennial was held on Sunday, August 4th, and, appropriately, was religious in character. The large gathering held in a mammoth tent erected on the Fair Grounds showed that the people were interested, and was a prophecy of the success of the celebration. About five thousand people were crowded into the tent, who were eager listeners to the rendering of the program elsewhere given. The large choir, under the direction of Mr. George H. Linn, rendered a number of old hymns and anthems popular a half century ago. They carried the minds of the older people present back to the days of their youth and made them feel that they were living again in a period that has long since become a dream. Dr. George H. Fullerton, the Chairman of the day, appropriately said :

"It is certainly fitting to recognize the hand of God after lie has given us this beautiful city, which we call home. It is fitting to begin this week by a religious service of this kind. Religion is the foundation of morality. You can have no stable morality without religion. No city, no family, no State, can live without moralty. It is fitting that we first recognize God.

"We meet under circumstances dififerent from those under Avhich our fathers met one hundred years ago. Yet they sang the same songs; worshiped the same God and had the same object in view that we have to-day. The forests and the groves were their temples in the summer. They enjoyed what we enjoy. They lived under the same blessing of God and the same prosperity that we enjoy."

Ladies and Gentlemen : As part of a general plan adopted by the Executive Committee of the Springfield (O.) Centennial Celebration, to be observed this week, I have been requested to prepare a paper, a part of which is to be read on this occasion, briefly reviewing the religious history and denominational developments of Springfield, for the past hundred years of its existence. Of all the subjects assigned for consideration during the exercises of this Centennial occasion, none could possibly be of any higher importance. That great American statesman, Daniel Webster, declared in one of his masterpieces of forensic oratory, that the sincere worship of God by the people, was a thing vitally related to the very foundation principles of all good and successful human government. The voice of hstory certainly indicates that the religious convictions and devout character of those who first settled upon the Atlantic seaboard of this country, constituted the chief factors, under (iod's providence, in establishing ,vhat may be called and fairly considered the best Civil Government on earth.

So it is not the least pleasing thought connected with the early annals and subsequent moral growth of Springfield, that Christian institutions, and the religious life of many individuals had entered into its affairs, almost from the very start. Aside from an isolated pious person, here and there, nearly the whole religious history of Springfield would involve its churches, its Sunday Schools, and in later years its Christian Associations and Leagues. We shall now take up as many as possible of these sources of religious power, and show their relation to our moral and spiritual development, as -a community. In attempting to notice these institutions, in their organized form and operations, we wall necessarily have to be very brief with them all. And, now, please allow me to state, once for all, that my principal sources of information have been threefold : first, those simple, but beautiful and instructive, annals of early Springfield, which, some years ago, were written by the late Dr. John Ludlow, and published at the time, in one of our daily newspapers. These literary contributions, from such a facile pen, have been left as a valual)le heritage to the present generation and to coming posterity as well. My second source of information has been a faithful and scholarly production, in the line of local history, wrtten, more than twenty years ago, l:)y our distinguished fellow-townsman, Oscar T. Martin, Esq., and incorporated as Part Four into the elaborate and instructive History of Clark County, which was issued in the year 1881 ; and, thirdly, all the facts pertaining to the last twenty-five or thirty years have been derived from numerous interviews and correspondences with our various city pastors and church clerks, and from conversations with aged surviving members of existing churches, and to all these I am under lasting obligations for their painstaking favors in this behalf.

From the time that James Demint, with his family, came from Kentucky, in 1799, and commenced dwelling in his double log cabin, situated on the north side of Lagonda or Buck Creek, upon the site now occupied by our Northern School Flouse, there were no white dwellers here, until the year 1801, when Griffith Foos' family and several others from the same State, came and settled in what is now known as S]iringfield. They built themselves log-cabin homes, after having selected lots already laid out by Messrs. Demint and Daugherty. and soon a number of pioneers came in, and settled down, as citizens, until in the year 1804, there were about a dozen houses in the place. Among the principal residents, at that time, were James Demint. John Daugherty. Griffith

Foos, Charles Stowc, John Reed, James Lcwrey, J. Fields and two Frenchmen named Duboy and Lucoy, who dealt in goods suitable, mostly, for the Indian trade. Even during this short while, above named, the agencies of evil were here, several years in advance of the time when Christian work had begun to exert its beneficial influence upon the community. Whiskey, gambhng, profanity, and occasional fighting, were all in evidence, but perhaps, not to an unusual extent, as compared with other pioneer settlements.

The very first preaching ever held in Springfield was at Mr, Griffith Foos' log tavern, as early as 1803, first by a Rev. Mr. Thomas, a Baptist minister, and afterwards, at long intervals, by preachers of othqr evangelical denominations. But these irregular ministrations resulted, as it seems, in no church organization of any kind.

In the Spring of 1804, a Mr. Walter SmalKvood, with his wife, came to Springfield from Virginia, purchased a lot on the south side of Main street, and built a residence near where the Western House now stands. Mr. Smallwood was a blacksmith and not a member of any church, nor was he a professor of religion. His wife was a woman of superior intelligence, cultivated manners and very active in all matters pertaining to the moral- and . social improvement of the little community. She became a prime mover and original member of what was called the Methodist Society, of that time, and she contiued to labor in that sphere until 1806, when several persons of this religious affinity organized themselves in what should be regarded as the First Methodist- Church of Springfield. Whilst speaking of this time as one of religious dearth and gloom, we have occasion to note the life of this Christian woman, especially, and to regard her as a sort of morning star, in the opening up of the religious day. She was said to have been remarkably gifted in prayer, and her choice words and sweet voice, melting in its tenderness, were frequently heard in supplication in seasons of social worship, at her church. The character and work of this good woman would naturally claim our strong interest in her history.

early leaching" of their pious mother, identified themselves with the church and engaged in its active work. Her burning and shining light, amid the irreligious atmosphere surrounding her early life, had doubtless hurried the coming of a better religious era in Springfield.

For several years individual Christians had assembled themselves occasionally for worship, but in a somewhat unorganized capacity. Their usual place of meeting was at Nathaniel Pinkerd's log school house, on the northeast corner of Main and Market streets, where a deep religious feeling was experienced by many, who soon after began to look toward a regular church organization.

As we wish to consider the religious denominations, in chronological order so far as possible, and inasmuch as the Methodist people seem to have been the pioneers in this regard, we shall make a note of their work, first, and follow the destinies of that denomination down to the present time.

Methodist Episcopal

]\rethodist ministers belonging to the old Mad River and Springfield Circuits had been preaching in Springfield at stated times, commencing as early as the year 1805, with Rev. John Thompson in charge. He was followed in 1807 by Revs. A. Mc- Guire and Isaac Ouinn ; and then again the appointees on the Springfield Circuit in 1808 and 1809 were Revs. T. Milligah, J. Davidson, W. Mitchell, Hezekiah Shaw, William Young and Saul Henkle. Rev. Saul Henkle was the first settled minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Springfield. lie came from Hardin County, Virginia, in the Spring of 1800. He had a wife, and a child two months old. ?Ie moved into a log house built by -Archibald Lowrey, which was first occupied as a tavern, and he lived there until 1825, when he removed to his new brick house on High street. He was spoken of as a devout Christian, whose chief aim in life was to promote the glory of ( iod and the moral and religious welfare of the people. His ministerial life covered a period of twenty-eight years, during which time he preachd almost constantly, and was present at almost every marriage and funeral occasion. In 1827 he edited and nublished a religious paper, called "The (inspel Trumpet." and he performed all the labor himself at his own residence. lie was described as a little l)elow the ordinary h.eig'ht. of slender form, a little inclined to stoop, and had a remarkably brig'ht and pleasant face, and a manner indicating' his ministerial character. He was rather slow of speech, but quite choice in his use of words, and his thoughts were elevating" and instructive. He died in Springfield in the year 1837, leaving a widow, who was a lady of superior Christian character. She survived him thirty-seven years.

The records go to show that to the iMethodist bii])iscopal Church belongs the credit of first establishing i)ul)lic worship as an organization, though they did not erect their church building until the year 1814, four years after one had been built by the Christian Society, of which we will speak later on. This hrstnamed Methodist Episcopal Church was l)uilt during the pastoral charge of Revs. Joseph Tatum and Joseph Oglesby, when the Mad River Circuit had a membership of 1,200. The incumbents of the Springfield Station for the next nineteen years may be summarized as follows: Rev. Abbott Goddard, for 181 5; Moses Crume and Henry Bascom, 1816; Walter (iriffith and ^^'illiam Williams, 181 7; John Sale and Jolm Strange, 1818; Russel Biglow and Robert W. Fiidey, 1820; A. McLean, 1821 ; Thomas S. Hitt and George W. i\Ialey, 1822; James Collard and John J. Taylor, 1823; William Larnin, T824; James T. Wells and George Gatch, 1825; Augustus Eddy and Levi Wliite, 1826 and 1827: Burroughs Westlake and Alfred M. Lorain, 1828 and 1829; Levi White and Elias Potter, 1830; William H. Raper and James T. Donahoe, J. W'. Reagan, Richard Brandruff and Joseph Hill then served as sup])lies until 1833. In 1833 William H. Raper l)eing Presiding Elder of the Lebanon District, the new Springfield Circuit was formed with a menihership ot 950; the first preachers' under this arrangement being Revs. Joshua Boucher, J. P. Taylor and A. Sellers. It was during this year that the church edifice was built at the southeast corner of Columbia and Market streets. It was large, two stories in height, with a gallery, and afl^orded ample room for the largest congregations that were likely to assemble in the town at that day. The church was without a belfry, and was called together at the ringing of the Court House bell.

which, bv arrangement, was rung at the same hour on the Sabbatli for all the churches in the place. Afterward a belfry and a bell were procured, the bell being the same as now in use at the Central J\I. E. Church, on the northwest corner of Center and High streets. This is the same organization, which was removed, later, from its old location on the corner of Columbia and ^larkct streets.

In 1834 Revs. Joshua Boucher and Granville Moody were in charge of Springfield Circuit, with Rev. Wlliam H. Raper as Presiding Elder. This church was then continuously served by pastors as follows: For the years of 1835 and 1836, Revs. William A. Barrett, John Alexander, Michael I\Iarley, E. B. Chase and Joseph Gasner ; Alifflin Harker and James L. Grover, for 1837; M. Harker and Solomon Howard, 1838; William Young and Samuel Clark, with Zachariah Council as Presiding Elder, 1839. In 1840, the charge at Springfield became a station, with Rev. William Young as pastor and a membership of 330. The pastorates were then continued as follows : Solomon Howard, ui 1841; John W\ Weakley, 1842 and 1843 ; W^illiam ^^e"'' ^^^4; Uriah Heath. 1845; Randolph P. Foster, 1846 and 1847; Charles Elliott, 1848.

Alxnit this time a portion of the old church colonized and formed the High Street M. E. Church, the two bodies being served by Revs^ Charles Elliott and Solomon Howard. In 1849 and 1850. the parent organization was supplied by Rev. Maxwell P. Caddis, when there was a membership of 446. Then came Rev. Granville Moody, in 1853 and 1854; Rev. James F. Chalfant, 1855; Joseph Newson, 1856; W. T. Ellsworth, 1857 and 1858; M. Dustin, 1859; Charles Ferguson, i860 and 1861.

The present building, erected in 1862, at a cost of $22,000, added materially to the architectural beauty of the city, and constitutes a busy headquarters of Christian activity. This venerable M. E. Church has had seventy-one pastors since its existence of ninety-tive years, which, perhaps, with the exception of one or two other churches, is the greatest number of pastors which has ever served any other church in the State of Ohio during the century just past. Springfield should thank God for the high privilege of having had such a religious organization, all these years, in its midst. , ^1'^

High Street M. E. Church

The High Street iMethodist Episcopal Church of Springfield, organized in April, 1849, with. about 80 members, and has since become quite an efficient factor in the Christian cause here in this city. Levi Reinhart, Edmund Ogdcn, Christopher Thompson, L. N, Olds, John M. Young and S. S. INIoler constituted the Board of Trustees. Their first clmrch building was dedicated July 27, 185 1, Rev. John Dillon, afterward professor in Drew Theological Seminary, preaching the sermon on the occasion. The pastors of this charge sucessively were as follows: Revs. Isaac Dillon, in 1849; John S. Inskip, 1850; John W. Weakley, 1851 ; William H. Southerland, 1852-53; M. Dustin, 1854-55; John F. Marley, 1855-56; W. L Fee. 1857-58; Allen Trimble Thompson, i860; George C. Crum, 1861-62; A. B. Wambaugh, 1864; G. H. Dart, 1865-66-67; Thomas Collett, 1868-69-70. During this last-named pastorate the church edifice was remodeled at a cost of $18,000. Thence onward the pastors were: Rev. Lucien Clark, from 1871 to 1874; William L. Hypes, 1874; S. B. Smith, 1875; F. G. Mitchell, 1876- 77-78; Thomas J. Harris, 1879, during whose pastorate the membership was about 350. Next in the pastorates were : John F. Marlay, 1882-85 : R- H- l^^i^t, 1885-yo; John R. Shannon, 1890-91 ;

St. Paul'S M. E. Church

The second colony from the First, or Central Methodist Episcopal Church was organized into a church under the most favorable auspices, and took the name of the St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church of Springfield. This plan was effected on the loth day of February, 1880. and involved the hearty and enthusiastic co-operation of 150 persons, many of whom were veteran Christian workers. They purchased a very fine, elevated lot, situated on the west side of YeUow Springs street, and erected upon it one of the most beautiful brick church edifices in the city, nearly one-third of which was contributed by Mr. P. P. Mast, one of Springfield's most liberal and philanthropic citizens, and who was a faithful member of the church thus benefitted.

The organization of this church was formed in February, 1880 with 166 charter members, including the following prominent'persons: Mr. and ^Irs. P. P. Mast, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Deardorf, Mr. and Mrs. John Leuty, Mr. and Mrs.Wm.H.Houck, Mr and Mrs. T. W. Stafford, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Parsons, Mrs. E S Vale, and :^Irs. M. E. Kinney. The church building was commenced in the Spring of 1880, was finished in September, 1881, and dedicated bv Bishop J. W. Wiley May 7, 1882 ; Rev. S. A. Brewster and Rev. W. N. Brodbeck, pastor, participated in the exercises The estimated cost of the building was $45>ooo- The following is the list of pastors : Rev. W. N. Brodbeck, from September, 1880, to September, 1883 ; J. W. Bushong, 1883-84 ; Henry Tuckley 1884-87; Thomas E. Collett, 1887-88; J. R. Shannon, 1888-89; G. W. Gullette, 1889-90; G. W. Dubois, 1890-92; Paul C. Curnick, 1892-97; J. W. McGruder, 1897-99, and J. W. Peters, present pastor. The present membership of the church is 462, and number of officers, teachers and scholars of the Sunday school is 242.

Clifton Avenue M. E. Church

ing. The idea of the organization originated in the Central M. E. Church of this city. The first session of the Sabbath school was held Sabbath afternoon, March ii, 1894; the first prayer meeting was held March 16, 1894. The first revival services were conducted by Rev. C. W. Barnes, the pastor of Central M. E. Church, during the week preceding Easter, in 1894. So encouraging was the great interest taken in the devotional meetings and Sabbath school, that it was determined to enter upon a church organization. The first step in this direction was a meeting called for consultation with the Presiding Elder, J. F. Marlay, D. D., by the pastor, C. W. Barnes, at the parsonage, June 19, 1894. There were present at the parsonage Rev. Dr. J- F. Marlay, Rev. C. W. Barnes, J. Griffith, J. S. Comer, J. B. Perrin, B. F. Kiplinger. and J. N. Wommer.

These five laymen were appointed to secure financial pledges for the coming year, and the pastor was instructed to secure a list of persons who would enter the new church. The number secured was about one hundred, and the formal organization of the church was acomplished August 13, 1894. The first Trustees were J. N. Wommer, J- Griffith, B. B. Littleton, W. S. Richardson and J. S. Comer. The first official board meeting of the new church was held August 21, 1894. The ladies organized an Aid Society August 26, 1894; the voung ladies made a similar organization August 21, 1894.

On September 5-1 1, 1894, Bishop Goodsell appointed Rev. A. L. Brokaw, of Troy, as the first pastor of Clifton Avenue M. E. Church, who served one year. On September 3, 1895, Bisiiop Cyrus Foss appointed Rev. J- P. Shultz as pastor, who served two years. On September - , 1897, Rev. C. D. Muncey was appointed, and served three years. On September - , 1900, Rev. S. W. Campbell was appointed and is still serving as minister.

In November, 1899, the Springfield Methodist Union appointed Robert Johnson and Jeremiah Griffith a committee to purchase the church building from the Free- Will Baptist Society. This the committee did, and a united effort on the part of the church members and friends in the city enabled them to place the property in the church's name, for a home for the future. The property is well cleared of debt ; but owing to this indebtedness, it has never been dedicated.

Grace M. E. Church

The third off-shoot from the Central M. E. Church was the Grace M. E. Church, situated on West Main street, near the Pennsylvania House. This enterprise also was most liberally patronized from first to last by the personal labors and generous pecuniary aid of Mr. P. P. Mast, who became most thoroughly identified with its religious work. They built a neat, but sufficiently commodious frame house, in 1872, at a cost of $1,800, which was dedicated on Sunday, August 12, 1873, the sermon of the occasion being preached by Rev. Charles Ferguson. Albert Allen, Stanley De Long and seventy-two others were charter members. The pastors were as follows, each term beginning in September : Revs. B. F. Jackson, 1887; G. L. Tuft, 1887-88; W. L Fee, 1890-91; A. C. Turrell, 1892-93; W. G. Warner, 1893-94; David Herr, 1895-96; E. M. Ellsworth, 1897-98-99; J. L. Duckwall, from September, 1900, to the present.

African Methodist Episcopal Churches. 4V

What is now known as the North Street African Methodist Episcopal Church was, according to the most reliable tradition, organized about the year 1824. Even before that time a few Christian colored people, most of whom had once been slaves, were in the habit of gathering in their humble cabins, or barns, and Holding religious services. Their first church building, one at first used as a school house, stood on the site of what was later known as the Bacon property, on East Main street. Then they purchased a little stone church, on Limestone street, near the creek. As the society continued to grow in numbers and means, it bought a small brick edifice formerly belonging to the St. John Lutheran folks, located on East North street, where their present church now stands, for the sum of $800. On September 28, 1874, the body was legally incorporated, and preparations were commenced for building their present large brick edifice, which was completed during the year 1876, at a cost of about $12,000. Among the earliest preachers were the Revs. Thomas Lawrence, Fayette Davis, and Mr, Kingman. We have secured the following list of pastors, besides the ones already mentioned, so far as possible, from the most accessible records, since 1879, their terms of service commencing and ending in October of the respective years : Rev. J. W. Gazaway was pastor from 1880 to 1882; Rev. J. H. Jackson, from 1882 to 1884; O. S. Ross, from 1883 to 1884; W. T. Maxwell, from 1887 to 1889; Robert Johnson, from 1889 to 1890; R.

Center Street African M. E. Church

This church was organized May 5. 1867, by nine persons coming from the old North Street A. M. E. Church, but under the auspices of the Cincinnati, or White, Conference. They bought a lot on South Center street, between Clark and Fair streets, June 6, 1867, for which they paid $300, and on this was built a comfortable one-story frame house, which was named Wiley Chapel. The following ministers have been pastors : Revs. Scott Ward, from October 30, 1867, to 1868; S. Dodridge, March 20, 1868; H. Butler, 1870, six months; G. Downer, 1870-72; William Eckels, 1872-73; W. W. Johnson, February to July, 1873; A. H. Price, 1873-74; A. W. Hargrave, 1874; Scott Ward, 1874-78; M. Mc- Coomer, 1878-79; Thomas Tompkins, 1879-80; then A. Jamison for one year; A. H. Price for one year ; H. W. Tate, three years : J. H. Morland, one year; W. S. Langford, one year; G. W. Ziegler, two years; G. A. Sissel, one year; W. H. Simmons, one year; W. A. White, two years ; Joseph Courtney, one year; W. B. Har- ris, two years ; N. H. Tolbert, five years, and this is the first year of the present incumbent (1901), W. M. Langford. This makes twenty-four pastors in all. The membership is now 225.

Allen Chapel A. M. E. Church

This church, located on the corner of Boler and Clifton streets, was organized on May, 1881. The opening sermon was preached by Rev. B. F. Lee, then President of Wilberforce College, now Bishop. There were seven charter members, and the following is a list of pastors since the organization : Revs. C. W. Crosby, Alex. Smith and R. G. Blunt, 1882; O. P. Ross, i«83; Jesse Henderson, 1884-85; D. Dorsey, 1886, Rev. Joseph Artope filling out his year; Rev. W. N. Tate, 1888; Rev. C. Phelps, 1889; Rev. M. E. Davis, 1890-91-92-93 ; Rev. G. W. Jackson, 1894; Rev. Jesse Smith, 1895 ; George Bundy, 1896 ; M. Mason, 1897 ; J. Maxwell, 1898 ; D. D. Lewis, 1899. Rev. Dr. A. H. Hill is the present pastor. No other statistics have been furnished the writer.

Methodist Protestant Church

The Methodist Protestant Church, located at first on North street, afterward on Washington street, and finally on Pleasant street, was organized in January, 1829, with twenty members, Revs. L. and M. Henkel taking an active part. There were then but three other churches in Springfield, namely, the Methodist Episcopal, the Presbyterian, and the Seceder, now United Presbyterian. The first pastor was Rev. A. McGuire, with Rev. Jonathan Floyd as colleague. In 1837 Rev. A. PL Bassett was pastor and also editor of the Methodist Recorder, the church paper. Rev. A. C. Barnes became pastor in 1838-39; David Croll, in 1840; O. P. Stephens, in 1843; James Pelan, in 1844; Reuben Rose, 1848-49 ; W. G. Fowler, 1849 ; Reuben Dalby, 1850 ; Charles H. Williams, 1851-52; N. S. Smith, 1853, at which time the membership was about one hundred. The succession was continued in the following order, but the dates of their services have not been accessible to the narrator: T. B. Graham, T. Heard, S. S. Bartlett, J. E. Snowden, J. B. Walker, J. W. McFarland, J. W. Ellis, J. W. Spring, W. E. Marsh, J. M. Flood, W. R. Parsons and others. This church having become weakened by deaths, re- movals and lack of sufficient financial support, and other causes,, finally disbanded their organization, sold their property, a good, substantial brick edifice on West Pleasant street, and the surviving membership became merged into the churches of other denominations. This organization, largely made up of earnest, industrious, godly men and women, existed in our midst for about sixty-five years, faithfully battling for Truth and Righteousness. Their existence had greatly blessed this community and the world.

The Christian Denomination

Tn tr}ing to observe as nearly as possible a chronological order in regard to the origin of our local denominations, we will now return back as far as the years 1810-11, four years after the original organization of the Methodist Church, but three years before the latter had erected their first house of worship, the Christians, then sometimes called "New Lights," put up the first house of worship ever built in Springfield. This was accomplished largely under the patronage of Mr. Grififith Foos and a few others, from Kentucky, who seem at one time to have been members of that denomination, in their former home. This house was 20x30 feet, was built of logs and situated on the west side of Mill Run, a few rods west of where the Zimmerman Fountain now stands, on Center street. The subscriptions for this pioneer church edifice in Springfield consisted of part money, but mostly of dry goods, groceries, live stock, lumber and labor, on the part of those aiding in the work. Although put up under the auspices of these people belonging to the Christian denomination, as we learn, yet it was the understanding at the time that it was to be free for the use of all denominations. The organization, or whatever there was of it, lasted but fifteen years, and in 1825 the house for worshiping purposes was entirely abandoned.

We do not see or hear anything more of this denomination in Springfield, until in the Spring of 1881, when Elder C. J. Jones, an evangelist from Philadelphia, 1)y way of renewing, or, rather, recommencing their denominational work in Springfield, came here, and, with the assistance of Rev. A. W. Coan, editor of 'The Herald of Gospel Liberty," at Dayton, Ohio, began a series of meetings in Slack's Opera House, which in a few months eventuated in a church organization. As a result, these Christian people, within four months, purchased a valuable lot on West High street, between Mechanic and Plum streets, and built a neat, commodious chapel, capable of seating 600 persons. In this they were assisted by the liberal subscriptions of quite a numlier of large-hearted manufacturers and other business men. Many persons outside of the organization gave from $50 to $100 each. This new church building was dedicated to the worship of God on the 17th day of December, 1882, with a membership of nearly one hundred persons.

Rev. l\fr. Jones remained as pastor of this church for two years, and was followed by Rev. J. M. McWhinney, for four months ; Nicholas Summerbell, for eighteen months ; Byron Long, for ten months ; J. F. Strait, for two years ; C. W. Choat, for nine months ; E. D. Hammond, for three years ; W. T. W'arbinton, for two years ; and Rev. Benjamin Mason, for three years.

The people of this denomination discard all w-ritten creeds, except the Holy Scriptures, and place much stress upon the tenet, concerning the direct influence of the Holy Spirit upon the human soul, and His vital importance in the conviction, conversion and sanctification of mankind. About this time the minds of many citizens were somewhat confused in regard to the nature and status of this new Christian movement. A popular misunderstanding concerning it was all the more natural and excusable from the fact that a large religious denomination, churches of which are located principally in Kentucky and other portions of the Southwest, generally calling themselves Disciples' Churches, and of whom the Rev. Alexander Campbell, President of Bethany College, Virginia, was a talented and distinguished leader, have also, in many instances of late, assumed the Catholic name, Christian Church. Frequent explanations about this matter became all the more necessary at the time from the fact that, during nearly the same dates as above mentioned, a church of this lastnamed branch of the Christian denominations was formed in this city, known as the a neat and commodious frame edifice on tlie northeast corner of Mulberry and Yellow Spring's streets, where church services and a Sunday school are regularly maintained. This house of worship, from foundation to finish, owing- to delays, required from 1882 to 1893 in building-, and was dedicated in 1894, Governor Ira B. Chase, of Indiana, delivering' the dedication discourse. There is a present membership of 175, and there are 200 in the Sunday school. A complte list of pastors includes Rev. B. C. IJlack, who served from 1889 to 1890; E. W. Hammon, 1890-91; H. Elliott Ward, 1891-93 ; Horace Sibrell, 1893-94; J. P. Childs. 1895 ; E. T.' Hayes, 1895-97; J. S. Bonham, 1898-99; W. A. Harp, 1899-1901. This church has had nine regular pastors.

I am indebted to my aged friend, William A. Barnett, Esq., for the following particulars in regard to the history of the United Presbyterian Church of this city. Mr. Barnett has been an intelligent and exemplary member, and firm supporter of this church for more than half a century, and he yet lives to bless our community with his presence. From him we learn that it is difficult to give the exact date of its first organization, which was effected under the name of the Associate Reform Presbyterian Church. This society, for the first nineteen years of its existence, was a branch of what is now the First United Presbyterian Church of Xenia, and the first minister was the Rev. John Steele, who came from Bourbon County, Kentucky, in 1817, at a salary of $500 per year for both congregations, preaching here one-fourth of the time, and the balance of the time in Xenia. Serving the double charge for nineteen years, his son, Rev. John Steele, Jr., says his father never missed but twice in filling his appointments here, and that was when he was sick, and during a protracted illness of Mrs. Steele. Mr. Steele left home on horseback early of Sabbath mornings and came to Mr. James Stewart's, six miles south of town, for breakfast, and then came to town and preached two sermons and returned home in the evening, having had a ride of forty miles. He resigned the double charge in 1836, and retired from the ministry, after preaching forty years.

In 1838 Rev. James F. Sawyer became pastor, for all of the time, and about this time the society became an organized congregation. On account of ill health, Mr. Sawyer gave up the charge in 1848. The Rev. Robert Henry was the next pastor, from December, 1850, until June, 1853. Rev. Joseph Clokey was pastor from March i, 1855, to March i, 1875. Rev. Joseph Kyle became pastor January i, 1877, and continued until July, 1891. Rev. R. H. Hume, the present incumbent, became pastor June I, 1892.

This society was incorporated by the Legislature of Ohio December 17, 1830. In May, 1858, the Associate Presbyterian and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Churches united, and formed the United Presbyterian Church. The persons who were the nucleus of the congregation came from Rev. John Steele's congregation in Bourbon County, Kentucky. They were James Steele, Mr, Snodgrass, Mr, Kirkpatric (an elder), a son-in-law of Mr, Steele, and all relatives of Rev. Mr. Steele. At a later date, James Dallas, of near Urbana, and his brother, who resided in Springfield, James Bogle, Richey Wisley, James Stewart, David Cowan, George McCullough, John Goudy, Robert Goudy and Anthony Byrd were added to the society. Mr, Kirkpatric, James Steele, David Hunter, James Bogle and James Dallas were the first elders. At a later date William Cowan, William Kirkpatric, William Hunter and ]\Ir. Hume were added to the society.

Before erecting a church building, the congregation, for want of a better place, worshiped in the second story of William Mclntire's distillery, at the northeast corner of Columbia and Spring streets, the present location of the Blee Brewery. There was no evidence of any harm arising from so near contact with whisky; the spirits upstairs did not mingle with those below.

The first house of worship was a stone building, erected in North Limestone street, near Buck Creek, in or about 18 19. The next building was erected in 1839, '^^^ Limestone street, south of High street, where James Carson & Company's store and the Kelly Building now stand. The present Iniilding at the corner of Mulberry and Limestone streets, was erected in 1886.

July 17, 1819, witli a mcml)crship of twenty-seven. Four years before its formation, the Rev. Arcliibald Steele was the regular supply, preaching once per month in such rooms as could be conveniently secured for that purpose. Mr. Steele was succeeded by Rev. Andrew Poague, who gave his services until 1825, when Rev. Franklin Putnam became the first regular pastor of the church. At this time the village had a population of 510; males, 285, and females. 225. In April, 1828, Rev. Wlliam J. l^razer succeeded as supply, and during his incumbency the first church edifice was built at a cost of $600. The Rev. William Gray acted as regular supply from February 27, 1830, to February 24, 1832. The Rev. John S. Galloway, who had been supply for four months, was finally ordained and installed as pastor October 4, 1832. He continued in this relation with marked success for nearly eighteen years, when he resigned, April 16, 1850, and took an appointment for service, as agent, of The American Bible Society. In 1848, two years betore Mr. Galloway left Springfield, the old church building was taken down, and a new one, costing $12,000, was built on the same site, corner of Main and Fisher streets. The dedication sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Phineas Gurley, then of Dayton, but afterward of \\'ashington, D .C.

The Rev. N. C. Burt, a man of eminent ability, was called as pastor, September 2, 1850, and served till June 19, 1855, when he resigned, to take charge of a church in Baltimore. After that the succession of pastors and times of service were as follows : Rev. William T. Findlay, from 1855 to 1858; Sylvester F. Scovel, from i860 to 1866; T. A. Fullerton, from 1867 to 1871, during which time $3,000 were spent in improvements upon the church building. From 1871 to 1872, the pulpit was filled by Rev. George F. Cain; from 1872 to 1879, by Rev. J. W. McKnight, immediately after which the pulpit was supplied by Rev. J. B, Helwig, President of Wittenberg College, for. eight months. Rev. W. C. Falconer, D. D., of St. Louis, was then called, and his installation took place November 9, 1880. His period of service was the longest, except one, in the history of the church. During this pastorate the Oakland Mission, at the East End, was materially developed and put upon a permanent footing ; many special evangelistic meetings were held and important changes made in the music in the church, and in other matters. On account of failing health, Dr. Falconer resigned April 13, 1891, and the Rev. A. .v. Murphy, having been called, entered ui)on his pastorate, September i, 1891, and closed June 18, 1894. During his term he secured the help, for a season, of the celebrated evangelist. Dr. Wilbur Chapman, with remarkably good results.

The Rev. Alexander Proudfit was called, January 9, 1894, and entered upon his Gospel labors February 17th, following. Whilst this servant of God was ardently engaged in the service of his Divine Master, he was suddenly called to lay down his work and receive the reward of his earthly ministry. He died on the last Friday in March, 1897. This is the first death that has ever ocurred to a pastor while in active service among this people. Dr. Proudfit's body was transferred to New Castle, Delaware, for interment. In just three weeks after this event the mortal remains of a former pastor. Rev. Dr. Falconer, were conveyed sorrowfully away from the church building to their final resting place in Ferncliff, our beautiful City of the Dead.

The Rev. John Clark Hill, D. D., of Chicago, the present pastor, was called March 2, 1898, and was installed on Wednesday, April 27th, of that same year.

During the many intervals occurring between the various pastorates, the church has been indebted to the following ministers, who had served faithfully in these contingencies, namely, Rev. Drs. John B. Helwig, Joel Swartz, S. A. Ort and J. W. H. Stuckenberg, all of W ittenberg College ; Rev. Alexander Clark, -of the ^Methodist Protestant Church, and others. Of those who were sent into the ministry from this church, may be mentioned Revs. Washington A. Hooper, Edwin B. Rafifensperger, William H. Mc^fecn, S. M. Crothers and Gilbert L. Wilson.

During its history of eighty-two years, this church has had seventeen pastors, averaging terms of five and one-half years and nearly 1,400 persons have been received into its communion, on confession of faith. The Sunday school was organized on the first Sabbath in August, 1829, with eight teachers and sixty scholars, with Mr. Walcot Spencer as Superintendent. This school seems to have been fully and faithfully officered, and in «very way maintained, for the seventv-two vcars of its existence, to the present. The average attendance for many yeaih wasabout 275. In 1886, it was 297. A late resume of this good work ends in these words : "For 3,500 Sabbaths, true men and women, who would not work for gold or silver, here assembled to teach the youth of Springfield that there is something better than wealth and grander than fame, and that a good name is rather to be chosen than great riches."

Second Presbyterian Church

The Second Presbyterian Church was a colony from the First, and was formed in i860, with a membership of 106. In 1862 they purchased a lot on Limestone street for $4,000, and built thereon an edifice costing $18,000. The dedication services were held September 3, 1863. The church is a two-story brick, with the usual convenient arrangement for audience rooms, Sunday school and prayer meeting rooms, etc. The following is a list of pastors, with the dates of their services : Rev. E. R. Bower, from May, 1861, to July, 1867; Rev. P. H. Mowrey, from November, 1868, to September, 1873; Rev. W. H. Webb, from April 20, 1874, to February 21, 1886; Rev. George H. Fullerton, from November 7, 1886, to July i, 1891, and Rev. E. P. Thomson, from February 10, 1892, to the present. The church now has a membership of 428, and the Sabbath school, including its- Mission school, 457.

The Third Presbyterian Church was developed from a mission Sunday school, located on the North Side, under the patronage of the First and Second Presbyteran Churches, in the Autumn of 1878. This church was regularly organized \[ay ii, 189 1, with 104 charter members. On this occasion Rev. George H. Fullerton, D. D., presided over the meeting, and the sermon was preached by Rev. Maurice E. Wilson, D. D., of Dayton, Ohio, and the other members of the Dayton Presbyter}^ who participated in the exercises were Rev. J. K. Gibson, of South Charleston, Ohio, and the late Rev. James L. Rodgers, of this city. The ofificers installed and elected at the organization were as follows : Elders, Richard H. Rodgers, Edward T. Sykes and John S. Wea-

The present church edifice was erected during the Autumn and ^^'inter of 1893 and 1894, and was dedicated January 28, 1894, the dedicatory sermon being- preached by Rev. Willis G. Craig, 1). D., of AlcCormick Theological Seminary, of Chicago, 111. The present membership of the church is 194, and of the Sunday school, 342. Rev. George H. Fullerton, D. D., has been the only pastor from the beginning to the time of his resignation, this last Spring. The present pastor is the Rev. George W. S. W'enrick. called from Atlantic Highlands, Xcw Jersey.

Tn December. 1834, about seventy persons, among whom were William Coles, Harvey A'inal, John Newdove, Greenfield Dovely. Sanuiel Clark. William Wilson. Edwin H. Cummings, William A\'erden. Samson .Mason, Isaac Hendershott and James Sykes, together w.ith their wives, united themselves for the purpose of establishing a rrotestanl Episcopal Church in Springfield Ohio. On the 12th of ]3ece:nber, of that year, the following men were elected vestrymen : Joseph T. Thorp and Joseph Sprague ; Wardens. H. A'inal, George Mortimer. Peter A. Sprigman, H. Dififendorfer, Joseph Pcrrin, C. T. Ward, S. Mason, D. Grovnn. E. C. Ross and John Cook. Rev. Alexander Varian was chosen pastor.

In l'"ebruar\-, 1835. a lot was purchased, located on the southwest corner of High and Limestone streets, upon which, soon afterward, a church building was erected, and consecrated by the Bishop November 2^, 1844. This edifice was used for its purpose until the erection of the new stone church on the corner of High street and Linden avenue, and its consecration. May 5. 1874. This liuilding is a fine architectural structure and q.uite an ornament to the city, costing $38,000. and was all paid for before its dedication.

The ])arish continued under the name of "All Souls" parish until 1842. when, by a legislative act, it was changed to the present name of Church." The Rev. A. A'arian having resigned as pastor August 11. 1833. tb.e i)ositii>n was then filled l)y

The following is a list of rectors, or pastors, together with their terms of service: Rev. A. T. JNIcMurphy, from 1843 to November 10, 1846. The pulpit was then supplied from the latter date to October, 1847, ^y Revs. Edward H. Cummings, James Stephenson and Richard Killer, when, on December 11, 1848, Rev.' Chandler Robbins was elected rector, and served until October I, 1854. Then came Rev. Dr. John T. Brooke, formerly of Cincinnati, who served from April 2, 1855. to August 19. 1861 ; Rev. H. W. Woods, 1861 to 1862; Rev. Charles ]McIlvaine, son of the distinguished Bishop Alcllvaine, D. D., from June 8, 1863, to November 12, 1865 ; Rev. John C. Ames, from May 24, 1866, to December 7, 1869; Rev. C. B. Davidson, from November, 1870, to February, 1873; Rev. H. II. Morrell, May 3, 1874, to ^lay i, 1879 ; Rev. John T. Rose, from December, 1879, ^o July 14. 1880; William \\'. Steele, 1880 to 1881 ; Rayno E. W. Cozens, December 13, 1891, to ^lay 31, 1894: Rev. Alex. C. jNIcCabe, from October I, 1894, to the present. The Sunday school was organized in 1835. The church has now a membership of 352. In the sixty-two years of this church's existence it has had seventeen pastors, whose terms of service averaged about three and threefourths years each.

The Iik.Wknlv Rest Protestant Episcopal Ciiurcil

The new "Church of the Uoavcnly Rest, Protestant Episcopal," situated on South Plum street, near Pleasant was established in its present location largely through the whole-souled liberality of the late Mr. ^^'illiam I-'oos and his good wife, both of them now gone to their rest. These two persons donated the beautiful lot and the money to \nn up the building, and i^ay for most of the furnishing. The building, which is a ncaL uni(|ue onestory brick, c[uite complete in all its appointments and ornamental withal in its architecture, was dedicated to the worship of God on Sunday morning, December 2, 1888. The pretty and complete auditorium is capable of seatng 300 persons, and is at times tiioroughly tested as to its capacity.

M.\'oun2:, from Greenville, assisted by the choir, consisting of Miss Bassett, organist, Misses Zutavcrn, Ferguson, Belle Albin, Mrs. Gillett, Messrs. T. J- Thomas, J. C. Brecht, John Cornor and W. N. Davis. The vestrymen then consisted of Samuel Houghton, Senior Warden; C. A. Davis, Junior Warden; William Foos, G. H. Coles, Thomas Irwin, A. J. Moyer and Thomas A. Davis. The following clergy-men have served as pastors in the order here given: Revs. C. M. Young, Charles S. Walkley, W. E. Dakin, D. W. Wright.

The First Baptist Church of Springfield was constituted on the 29th day of January, 1836, with the following named nersons as members: Edward Nugent, Peleg Cotes, William T. Young, William J. Card, Thomas J. Howard, Mary Jane Hill, Jane J\Iarenes, Mary Steinbach, Sarah A. Dowling, Lydia Card, Rachel Young, Mary Ann Nugent and Sarah Howard. On May 7th of the same yean a Sabbath school was established in connection with the church. A call was extendedl to Rev. E. D. Owen for the pastorate, which was accepted, July 12, 1863. On the 23d of August following, the church was admitted into the Mad River Baptist Association.