Springfield Township (part 59 of 69)

Doctor Adams was born at Leesburg, Highland County, Ohio, April 22, 1861, and is a son of Jonathan and Sarah (McKay) Adams, both natives of Highland County, Ohio, where the family is an old and honored one. This branch of the Adams family was settled in Highland County by Solomon Adams, a native of Virginia, who came to the Western Reserve of Ohio with other adventurous spirits and blazed the trail during pioneer days. After preparing a primitive home he sent for his younger brother John who, with his wife and infant son, Joseph Adams, made the journey from Virginia to the Ohio River, thence on a raft down the river to Pomeroy, Ohio, where Solomon met them with horses. From that point the mother and child rode one horse, while the others carried the small impedimenta of household goods and necessities, while the two men journeyed on foot to the little party's destination in Highland County. Later John Adams, the grandfather of Doctor Adams, built and operated the first gristmill ever conducted at Leesburg. :

Jonathan Adams, son of John Adams and father of Doctor Adams, was born in 1832 in Ohio. He acquired his education in the primitive country school in the neighborhood of the new home, and as a youth learned milling under his father and followed that vocation for some years. Subsequently he engaged in the drug business and finally became a salesman for the International Harvester Company, with his home at Sabina, Clinton County. There his death occurred in 1916, when he had been retired some years, aged eighty-four years. He led a useful career, was known as a man of strict integrity and good citizenship, and was esteemed by those who. were associated with him in a business or social way. Mrs. Sarah McKay Adams, who was born in 1833 and died in 1912, was a daughter of Rev. Benjamin McKay, a minister of the Methodist faith in Highland County.

Charles Forest Adams was reared at Leesburg until he was sixteen years of age, the family then moving to Sabina, at both of which places he attended the public schools. Having graduated from the high school at Sabina, in 1882 he entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine as a member of the class of 1884. In the same year he embarked in practice at Sabina, and later went to Midland City, Ohio, but subsequently returned to Sabina. His next location was Milledgeville, Fayette County, this state, whence he came to Springfield November 6, 1906. He has since been engaged in general practice here and has a large and representative clientele of the most desirable kind. Shortly after his arrival in this city Doctor Adams, December 1, 1906, was appointed physician to the Springfield Odd Fellows Home and has continued to occupy this position to the present. He keeps fully abreast of the various advancements being made in his calling, and is a member of the Clark County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He holds membership in all branches of Odd Fellowship, including the Encampment and the Rebekahs.

Doctor Adams was united in marriage with Miss Martha J. Sever, who was born at Washington Court House, Ohio, daughter of Milton and Catherine (Carr) Sever. : people, few have been placed in a more favorable light than the Springfield Light, Heat and Power Company. Not a little of the credit for the success of this concern and for its high standing in the confidence and esteem of the people must be given to the vice president and general manager, Chauncey Iles Weaver, a man of liberal training and broad practical experience, whose knowledge, ability and energy have contributed materially to the placing of the concern upon a high pedestal.

Mr. Weaver was born at Everest, Kansas, February 13, 1886, a son of Calvin B. and Margaret (Iles) Weaver. He spent his youth in Kansas, where he attended the public schools, including high school, then entered the Kansas State College, where he pursued a course in electrical engineering, and was graduated from that institution after a satisfactory college career with the degree of Bachelor of Science. Following this he took up special work in electric measurements at Armour Institute, Chicago. Mr. Weaver was employed afterward by the General Electric Company at Schenectady, New York, whence he was subsequently transferred to that company's sales department at Minneapolis, Minnesota. When he left the General Electric Company's employ he went to Chicago, where he entered the service of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company as salesman in connection with coal mines.

In the fall of 1912 Mr. Weaver became identified with the Commonwealth Power, Railway and Light Company, which is the holding company for the Springfield Light, Heat and Power Company. For three years at first Mr. Weaver acted in the capacity of sales manager. In 1915, 1916 and 1917 he was manager of the Eastern Michigan Power Company, a construction concern engaged in building hydroelectric and steam plants and transmission lines, also doing other construction work for the Consumers Power Company in Michigan. On January 3, 1918, he took charge of the Springfield Light, Heat and Power Company in the capacity of general manager, and in the following year was also made vice president, having held these two positions to the present time.

Mr. Weaver is an active member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineering, the National Electric Light Association and other organizations of his profession. As a fraternalist he is a charter mem. ber of H. S. Kissell Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of Springfield. He likewise holds membership in the Springfield Chamber of Commerce, the Springfield Rotary Club, the Lagonda Club, the Springfield Country Club and the Young Men's Christian Association. His religious connection is with the Presbyterian Church.

In 1909 Mr. Weaver was united in marriage with Miss Laura Lillian Lyman, who was born February 11, 1888, at Manhattan, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver have one daughter, Margaret Gertrude.

GEORGE M. LerreEL. The career of George M. Leffel, now one of the highly respected retired citizens of Springfield, has been one of diversified activity, in which he has engaged in a number of pursuits and enterprises, all of which have been successful under his management. His versatility in business may be seen when it is stated that during his life he has conducted a grocery, sold nursery stock, manufactured tricycles, operated a farm and conducted a hotel, in addition to carrying on various other investments. At the same time he has found the opportunity to devote his talents to the support of Springfield's interests.

Mr. Leffel was born September 2, 1843, in Bethel Township, Clark County, Ohio, and is a son of James and Lucy Jane (Patterson) Leffel, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of German Township, Clark County. His grandfather, Jacob Leffel, came from Pennsylvania to Clark County at an early day, and settled as a pioneer in Bethel Township at a time when the country was still the abiding place of numerous Indians, and bear, panthers and other wild animals roamed the forests. Joseph Patterson, the maternal grandfather, was born in England and was an early settler of German Township, where he became a large landholder. He was killed while driving cattle, when his horse fell while endeavoring to jump over a large log. Jacob Leffel and his wife were the parents of seven sons and seven daughters. After their marriage James and Lucy Jane (Patterson) Leffel settled on, a farm in Bethel Township, where Mrs. Leffel died in 1868, at the age of forty-four years. Mr. Leffel then moved to Springfield, where he died in 1901, when eighty-seven years of age. They were the parents of three children: Joseph O., who died when sixty-seven years of age; Mary Ellen, who died as Mrs. Joseph W. Stafford, also aged sixty-seven years; and George M.

George M. Leffel was educated in the public schools and at Wittenburg College and spent his time on the home farm until 1870, in which year he moved to Springfield and established himself in business -as the proprietor of a grocery at the corner of High and Fountain streets: After three years he disposed of this establishment and went on the road selling all kinds of nursery stock, owning his own establishment, with headquarters at Springfield. In 1880 he entered the manufacturing business, making all kinds of tricycles, and became president and superintendent of the Tricycle Manufacturing Company, with an establishment in the western part of Springfield. He built up this business to such an extent that 165 men were employed in his plant, and then sold out in 1885 and engaged in the business of raising Barred Rock chickens. In that enterprise he became the largest raiser of that breed of poultry in the world, erected large buildings on Liberty Street, and continued in the business for fifteen years. Mr. Leffel also conducted a farm at the edge of Springfield. During the years 1901 to 1911 he operated a hotel at Wellington, Kansas, and through a clever bit of salesmanship realized a profit of $3,500 on this investment. Since 1911 Mr. Leffel has contented himself with the care of his properties, he having twenty-four tenants in his various houses at Springfield. He was one of the first stockholders in the Citizens Bank and also holds stock in the Lagonda Bank. His fine modern home is located at 829 South Limestone Street. Mr. Leffel is a democrat in politics, but takes only a good citizen's interest in public affairs. He also has several civic and fraternal connections. vr

On February 16, 1888, Mr. Leffel married Miss Lula Osborn Houck, who was born at Springfield, a daughter of' Edward and Mary Houck, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Springfield, of English parentage. Mrs. Leffel died August 17, 1921, leaving one son, James Osborn. James Osborn Leffel was born March 8, 1896, and graduated Arom Culver Military Academy, standing sixth in his class and attaining the rank of lieutenant. During the World war he was stationed for three months at Fort Benjamin Harrison and at Atlanta, Georgia, and was honorably discharged with the rank of second lieutenant, which rank he still retains. He has since been engaged in the undertaking business at Springfield. He married Miss Clara Sherman and they have one daughter, Laurabelle Ann, born April 12, 1920.

z- JAcoB L. KoHL came to Springfield thirty-four years ago, and after continuing work at his mechanical trade for a number of years turned his attention to the coal business, and has built up and directed two successful enterprises in that line, and is still owner of one, though he has turned over practically all the responsibilities of management to his children.

Mr. Kohl, who is one of the highly respected citizens of Springfield, was born in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1863, son of Frederick and Christiana (Light) Kohl, who were also natives of Lebanon County. His grandfather, Frederick Kohl, was born in France, came to Penn? sylvania at the age of sixteen and lived in that state all his life. The father of Jacob L. Kohl was a Pennsylvania farmer. >

Mr. Kohl was educated- in the public schools of Pennsylvania, and in 1886 he married Katie H. Holenbach, who was born in Burks County, Pennsylvania, daughter of Joshua Holenbach. As a young man Mr. Kohl learned the molder's trade, and in 1888 moved to Springfield, and was employed in some of the local industries of the city until 1906. In that year he opened his first establishment as a dealer in harà and soft coal, at 1300 Lagonda Avenue. Ten years later he sold this business, and after two years it was acquired by his daughter Mabel, Mrs. Charles Magaw, and is still conducted under that proprietorship. In 1914 Mr. Kohl started his second coal yard, at 2868 East High Street. This is a business handling coal both retail and wholesale and also gasoline and automobile accessories. On October 1, 1920, Mr. Kohl retired from the active management of the business.

In the meantime, in 1916, he had a modern brick home constructed close to his business plant, at 2862 East High Street. Mr. Kohl is a member of the Church of God and a republican in politics. Of his children, the son Charles is employed at the coal office, and by his marriage to Carrie Cutler, has five children, Dora, Charles, Genevieve, Ruth and Margaret. Leroy, also a resident of Springfield, married Fanny Yoder, and their six children are: Eleanor, Martha, Selma, Robert, Mabel and Bettie. Ralph, of Springfield, married Anna Rehm, and is the father of five children, John Jacob, Richard, Lewis, Donald and Jean. The daughter Mabel has already been named as the wife of Charles Magaw. The youngest child, Lewis H., is at home.

JoHN GROEBER. One of the most essential industries of a city like Springfield is the production of the vegetable crops required in immense quantities by the population. One of the conspicuous men, a really constructive factor in this business. at Springfield, was the late John

Groeber, whose name is held in grateful memory not only for his business enterprise but for the worthy family of children whom he left to carry on his work and influence.

Mr. .Groeber was born in Bavaria, Germany, September 1, 1843. He was reared and educated there in the common schools and at the age of nineteen, in order to escape the compulsory military service, he left Germany and came to Cincinnati, Ohio. From Cincinnati in 1883 he moved to Springfield and bought ten acres of land at the south city line. To this he later added four and one-half acres. All of this land he used for truck gardening and also built on it a large frame house that is the comfortable home of his widow and some of his children today. In order to supplement his business in the growing season he erected a large greenhouse, 150 by 110 feet, and used it for the production of early vegetables.

Mr. Groeber died November 23, 1917. Mrs. Groeber was born in August, 1852. Of their children the oldest is Catherine, Mrs. J. M. Pauly, of Springfield. Emma, living with her mother, is the widow of E. V. Holway. Margaret is Mrs. Edward Kriegbaum of Springfield, and has two children, Robert and Dorothy. Antone, of Springfield, who served four years as deputy oil inspector of this district, married Alice Senett and has a son, John. Frank, also of Springfield, married Catherine K. Markin, and their five children are Thomas, Hugh, Martin, Eloise and Ann. The family are all communicants of St. Bernard's Catholic Church.

The sons Frank and John Groeber Jr. continued the business established by their father. For eight years John Groeber was in the wholesale commission business in Springfield, but sold out and now gives his time to truck gardening. He is a-member of the Commercial Travelers, the Knights of Columbus and Fraternal Order of Eagles and is a democrat in politics.

ORION PALMER MILLER is a successful city farmer, with home on South Limestone Street, practically within the city limits of Springfield. He has long been an honored member of the community and his name introduces the record of several families that came to Springfield and Clark County at almost the beginning of civilization in this section of Ohio.

His branch of the Miller family was established in Virginia by Frederick Miller in 1743. A son of this Frederick was Frederick Miller, Jr., who married Elizabeth Peery. They were reared and married in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and after their marriage moved to the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and in 1818 they left Botetourt County, Virginia, and came overland to Clark County, Ohio. Here they acquired land in Bethel Township, and Frederick Miller died there December 2, 1822, being survived by his widow until 1844. They were the great-grandparents of Orion Palmer Miller.

The grandfather, John Miller, was born November 29, 1798, in Botetourt County, Virginia, and was about twenty years of age when he came to Clark County. He married Joanna Smith, who was born

December 27, 1806, in Bethel Township of Clark County, daughter of Samuel and. Elizabeth (McClure) Smith, who were among the settlers of this county.

A son of John and Joanna Miller was Samuel Smith Miller, who was born July 20, 1829. On May 13, 1856, he married Margaret Palmer, a daughter of John and Margaret (Hance) Palmer. John Palmer was born in England in 1791, and died December 11, 1882. His birthplace was Bristol, England. His wife, Margaret Hance, was born in Kentucky in 1800 and died June 21, 1884. After their marriage Samuel Smith Miller and wife lived at Springfield, where he worked An a printing office for years. He was a graduate of the Cleveland Medical College but on account of deafness was unable to practice. Accordingly he bought part of his father's farm in Bethel Township and was identified with the agricultural vocation there until 1874. Selling out in that year, he bought thirty-six acres just south of Springfield, but now within the city. He continued farming and dairying for about thirty-five years. In 1886 he erected a fine frame residence on the farm and throughout his lifetime he kept all the land but five acres. He died April 6, 1916. His widow passed away January 8, 1922.

Orion Palmer Miller is the oldest child of Samuel Smith Miller and wife. The second son, Cyrus I., born March 11, 1859, lives at 27 South Lourie Avenue, in Springfield. Margaret, born June 14, 1864, died October 15, 1865. William died in infancy December 3, 1866. Bertha Ann, born September 9, 1870, is the wife of George W. Frants, has one son, George M., born April 18, 1907, and she lives with her brother Orion. Mary Elizabeth, born September 13, 1872, died May 9, 1881. John Milton, the youngest child, born August 23, 1876, lives at 21 Euclid Avenue.

Orion Palmer Miller, who was born February 7, 1857, has never married, and he made his home with and looked after his parents during their declining years. He was educated in the district schools of Bethel Township and in Wittenberg College and his business from youth to the present time has been farming. He is a republican and the family has been active in the Christian Church.

Tue Topp Famity. Among the many old and honored families of Clark County, one whose members have always been representative of stable citizenship, reliability in handling official responsibilities, integrity in business affairs, high standards in professional lines and absolute probity in their home lives, is that bearing the name of Todd.

James Todd, the progenitor of the Clark County, Ohio, Todds, was of Irish nativity, and tradition states that when a lad he worked his passage to America as a cabin boy, prior to the outbreak of the War of the American Revolution, in which he served as a soldier of the patriotic forces. After the war he settled in Washington County, Pennsylvania, where was born a son, James, October 22, 1796. This James Todd I moved to Ohio and settled on a small stream, named in his honor Todd's Fork, a branch of the Little Miami River, in Warren County. He was twice married, Mary Ann (Brand) Todd being the maternal ancestor of the present Todds of Springfield and Clark County. Shortly after the close of the War of 1812, in which he served for a time, James Todd II came to what is now Greene Township, Clark County, and there erected his cabin in the midst of pioneer surroundings. His wife was Elizabeth Garlough, of German origin, whose father had served the Colonies as a soldier during the Revolution. The occupation of James Todd II was that of millwright and many of the pioneer mills of Clark County were erected by him.

For over 100 years the Todds have lived in Greene Township. They were there at the beginning of its settlement, had much to do with its development from an unbroken forest, and there and elsewhere in the county their descendants and allied families have lived honorable and useful lives. Over ninety years ago James Todd II built the brick house yet standing, which was one of the very first of its kind in all that section, and, as was the custom of the pioneers, this house was one that had no keys - the latchstring was ever on the outside for the wayfarer. James Todd died December 29, 1863, and his widow, April 13, 1890. They had nine children, Margaret A. Eichelbarger, John H. Todd, Mary A. Todd, Catharine A. Tuttle, William B. Todd, Sarah M. Tuttle, Samuel A. Todd, Nancy L. Tuttle and James Todd, all of whom, except James Todd, have spent their entire lives in Clark County.

John Henry Todd was the second in order of birth and the oldest son. He was born November 25, 1821, was twice married, first to Sarah Taliaferro, who was the mother of his children, Eliza Marshall, James M. Todd and Elizabeth Elliott, and died September 27, 1888. John Henry Todd was born and reared and, except for a few years spent in Illinois, always made his home in Clark County.

James M. Todd, the only son of John Henry Todd, was born in Greene Township, Clark County, May 28, 1848. His upbringing was on the home farm until the breaking out of the Civil war and during this time he acquired a fair education in the neighboring district schools. In the fall of 1896 he was elected treasurer of Clark County, a position to which he was re-elected two years later, serving four years in all. In 1906 he again entered public life, when elected mayor of Springfield, a capacity in which he served during that and the following year. One of his important acts was helping to compel the Big Four Railroad to erect a suitable depot and throughout his administration he executed the laws found on the statute books to the best of his ability, conscientiously, without fear or favor. He was ironically termed the "Lid" mayor, because he clapped on the lid over the cesspools of crime in the city. Since leaving the mayoralty office he has been living in retirement. Mr. Todd is a Presbyterian in religion and a republican in politics. As a fraternalist he is a Knight Templar, York Rite and thirtysecond degree Scottish Rite Mason, and a member of the Mystic Shrine. On September 25, 1873, Mr. Todd married Miss Lora A. Otstot, and they have two sons, Harry Duschane, M. D., a physician of Akron, Ohio and Arthur J. l ;

Arthur J. Todd, the younger of the two sons of James M. and Lora A. (Otstot) Todd, was born May 15, 1880, at Springfield, where he attended high school in 1898. He then entered Wittenberg College, from which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1902, and entered upon his legal studies at the University of Cincinnati, from the law department of which institution he received his degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1905. He was admitted to the bar in the same year and "has been engaged in the practice of his calling ever since. In religious faith Mr. Todd is a Presbyterian and his political allegiance is with the republican party. During the World war he served in the capacity of townships chairman of the Liberty Loan drives. Fraternally he is a "Mason.

On June 25, 1912, Mr. Todd married Miss Ella M. Morgan, daughter of Thomas J. Morgan, and they are the parents of two children, Martha Jane and Arthur J., Jr.

Mervin L. MiLLIGAN. The many and varied interests of Springfield have brought to this city a number of solid and enterprising men whose efforts have been and are directed toward the achievement of further distinction for this locality and other improvements. Without these men it is doubtful if the city today would hold its present high prestige, or that its name would stand for so much that is of a high order of merit. One of these representative men and good citizens is Melvin L. Milligan, a graduate and experienced attorney, who has many diversified interests, and who served the city as mayor during 1901 and 1902.

Three decades ago, in 1892, the old Springfield Foundry Company was organized. Charles W. Fairbanks, who subsequently served as vice president of the United States, had previously bought the property where the plant now stands. Elias Jacoby, representing the Fairbanks interests, was the first president, and the company devoted its energies to the manufacture of "yokes" for cable street railways, their product almost wholly being absorbed by the Chicago Street Railway. In 1898 the name was changed to the Fairbanks Machine Tool Company, which entered extensively into the manufacture of lathes in addition to carrying on a general job foundry business. In 1902 the name was again changed, becoming the Fairbanks Company, and since then the manufacture of piano plates has occupied their entire attention. Itis a fact not generally known that Springfield is the greatest center for the manufacture of piano plates in the world, the three Springfield factories producing the majority of the 275,000 plates made annually in the United States. In 1894 M. L. Milligan succeeded Frank Serviss as secretary and treasurer of the corporation, and he has ever since been a prime factor in its life. In 1898 he was elected its president, and still officiates as such.

Melvin L. Milligan was born in Perry County, Ohio, July 28, 1860, a son of Alfred P. and Rachel (Iliff) Milligan, the former a veteran of the war between the states and a farmer; and a grandson of. George and Priscilla (Thrap) Milligan, natives of Pennsylvania and pioneers of Perry County, Ohio. Melvin L. Milligan was reared on the home farm, obtained his preliminary education in the public schools of Perry and Morgan counties, Ohio, completed a business course in a commercial college at Zanesville, Ohio, and after a four-year course in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, was accorded the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1884. Following this he read law, was admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, in 1886, and later at Kansas City, Missouri, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession. He came to

Springfield in 1891, and has since made this city his permanent home. As a republican he was elected mayor of the city in 1901, and served as such for two years. He is a firm believer in the greatness of his country, state, county and city, and is intensely interested in their material welfare.

On August 30, 1887, Mr. Milligan married Miss Jennie F airbanks, a daughter of Loriston M. and Mary Adelaide Fairbanks, and a sister of former Vice President Fairbanks. The five children born to this marriage are: Loriston F., Harry S. and Mary Adelaide, twins, Robert L., and Rachel I. Loriston F. Milligan was a lieutenant during the World war, first serving in the Coast Artillery, and later in the Anti-Aircraft Service. Harry S. Milligan was a medical student, enlisted and was assigned to the Officers Medical Reserve Corps.

Joun J. Horppes. Being born and reared on a farm seems to be one of the old-fashioned requisites of the successful career. Innumerable examples exist of outstanding men who, on frosty mornings of boyhood days, had warmed their bare feet on the spot where the cow had lain. Somehow, nature gives the country-bred boy a wider grasp on life's problems, places upon his shoulders greater care of self-dependence, instills a more developed power of initiative, and assists in the upbuilding of a rugged, strong physique. A product of the farm who has risen to a high place among the Ohio inventors and engineers is John J. Hoppes, of Springfield, who was born on a farm in Pickaway County, Ohio, September 4, 1857, a son of Daniel and Helen (Stanton) Hoppes.

The Hoppes family in remote times lived in Lorraine, in what is now France, but during the Thirty Years' war removed to Belgium, and from that country immigrated to the United States. In direct line members served in the Revolutionary war and the War of 1812. Daniel Hoppes was a contractor engaged in building operations, most of which were flour mills scattered about central Ohio. At the early age of twelve years John J. Hoppes began to help his father, and four years later, during his father's illness, took over the contracts. For about two years he was engaged in the contruction and operation of these mills, which were driven by both steam and water. In this capacity he did everything from landscape gardening to engine operating, and later on in life made good use of the diversified experience thus gained. As a young man he was always quiet, thoughtful and studious, and at the age of sixteen years passed a teachers" examination, although his youth prevented an assignment.

Early possessed of a desire to take up engineering studies, he decided to enter Stephens Institute of Technology, and had some correspondence with Dr. R. H. Thurston with that end in view, but owing to his father's illness it became impossible for him to carry out his desire. Doctor Thurston, however, had become interested in the youth and offered to help him with a personal correspondence course of instruction, which was gladly accepted. He continued this course for some five years, and attributes much of his success to the fundamental guidance of Doctor Thurston. Very early in life he took up the study of physics, which he has always maintained greatly appealed to him. His copy of Quackenbos' Ae a ee with its well-thumbed pages, is still treasured on his

About this time Mr. Hoppes began to specialize in designing and rebuilding steam plants and acting as consulting engineer in a small way to power users. Soon his inventive and constructive talents became active, and subsequently his attention was directed chiefly to developing steam specialties. In 1882 he designed a feed water heater and in 1885 a live steam feed water purifier. Nature's phenomena furnished him with his first inspiration in designing the purifier, as, noticing how the drip of water from the roofs of natural caverns caused the formation of stalactites, he conceived the idea of employing this principle in an apparatus for heating and purifying boiler feed water by means of live steam. Later on he applied this same principle to an exhaust steam feed water heater. He also designed a new form of steam separators, employing troughs partly filled with water to intercept the entrainment. This principle he also applied to exhaust pipe heads. The latest apparatus designed by Mr. Hoppes is a V-notch water meter, wherein the height of the water is weighed in the ratio of the rate of flow. This apparatus, although very simple, is a very ingenious device, a good example of the ability of Mr. Hoppes to clearly analyze a difficult proposition. The greater number of these inventions were brought to finition at Springfield, where Mr. Hoppes is a recognized authority on his specialties.

Mr. Hoppes is happily married, his wife having been formerly Miss Hattie Merrill. He is fond of his home, but when he can find the time is also inclined to indulge his favorite recreations of motoring and boating. Back in 1901 he designed and built a 75-foot steel houseboat launch, which included many unusual features new at that time. - Civic improvement is another avocation. Springfield, Ohio, in 1915, adopted the commission form of government, and Mr. Hoppes, who had advocated this form some dozen years before, was one of those selected to draft the charter. In 1887 he was elected one of the city commissioners, a position which he still holds. A comprehensive sewage system, repaving of the city's streets, the elimination of overhead wiring and numerous improvements made by the city have formed a large part of his work in this position. Under the administration of P. P. Mast, and three separate times, he reorganized the police and fire departments of the city. He was the principal organizer in the formation of the National Improvement Association, and was its first presiding officer. Later this association was changed to the National Civic League. For twenty-five years he has been a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and is also a member of the Ohio Engineering Society and the National Association of Stationary Engineers.

In addition to directing the affairs of the concern which bears his name Mr. Hoppes is also president of the Trump Manufacturing Company, which manufactures a new type of super high speed water wheel, in the design of which Mr. Hoppes was largely instrumental; president of the Everwear Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of playground apparatus, also of Springfield; and, since 1886, directing head of the Hoppes Manufacturing Company, which he founded. He helped organize the present Chamber of Commerce and was president of its two predecessors, the Board of Trade and the Commercial Club. He is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Lagonda National Bank. During the World war he was an exceptionally busy man. As a manufacturer he was called upon to build separators to be used in separating the crude materials from gas for making T. N. T. and other high explosives; the building of water wheels for operating powder mills in France, and the construction of water wheels for nitrate plants in this country.

ROBERT JOHNSON was one of those strong, capable, ingenious men who, a half a century ago, through participation in manufacturing activities, assisted in making the City of Springfield famous. He was a contemporary of the leading industrial captains of the '70s and '80s, and was associated with them in the promulgation and advancement of business concerns which brought the city prestige and prosperity and which caused its name to be known all over the country because of its products.

Mr. Johnson was born January 20, 1832, in Clark County, Ohio, a son of James Johnson, a native of County Donegal, Ireland, of Scotch ancestry. James Johnson married in Ireland Helen Johnston, and in 1824 the family immigrated to the United States, buying a farm a few miles south of Springfield, in Clark County, where James Johnson was 'engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death in 1872. Robert Johnson was the the fifth in a family of eight children. From early boyhood until the close of his life he was an exceptionally hard worker. He grew up as a farm boy, and his educational training was limited to a few months yearly in the neighboring district schools. In the spring of 1849 he came to Springfield, where, after serving an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, for which he was paid $40 the first year and $62 the second year, he began working at the trade. Before he had attained his majority he had built, unaided, during his spare time, a double flight of continuous rail stairs, the first of their kind in Springfield, and after this for a number of years was associated with his brother, James Johnson, in contracting and building. In 1865 he went to the Pennsylvania oil fields, and there, associated with others, spent two years in oil production, but in 1867 returned to Springfield, where he joined Amos Whitely, W. W. Wilson, J. W. Taylor, Walter Craig and others in the organization of the Champion Machine Company, which was formed for extending the business of the manufacture of Champion reapers and mowers that were then being manufactured by the firm of Whitely, Fassler & Kelly. From this time for fifteen years Mr. Johnson held the office of secretary and superintendent of the company. In 1873 the Champion Malleable Iron Company was created for the manufacture of malleable iron used in the products of the Champion Machine Company, of Whitely, Fassler & Kelly and of Warder, Mitchell & Company, and of this new company 'Mr. Johnson became secretary and a director. In 1874 the three companies named above organized the Bar and Knife Company for the purpose of manufacturing cutter bars, knives and sections, and of this concern Mr. Johnson was also made secretary and a director. In 1881 he severed his connections with these concerns and built the Johnson Block -n Main Street, and in 1883 became vice president of Mast, Foos & Company, serving as such for fourteen years. In November, 1883, with E. L. Buchwalter, C. E. Patric, Richard H. Rodgers, Charles S. Kay and others, he bought out Thomas, Ludlow & Rodgers and organized the Superior Drill Company, which during subsequent years has had an important bearing on the commercial history of Springfield. During the remainder of his life Mr. Johnson was first vice president of this corporation. With its wonderful growth and prosperity the Superior Drill Company absorbed the Champion Machine Company, and has become known throughout the United States, particularly as a great manufacturer of specialized farm machinery. Mr. Johnson was also an official of the Hoppes Manufacturing Company, the Springfield Coal and Ice Company, the Foos Gas Engine Company, the Springfield National Bank and numerous other business and financial enterprises of Springfield. He was a Methodist in church belief, in politics a republican, and was an incorporator of the Methodist Home for the Aged at Yellow Springs, in all ways standing for those things contributing to the real welfare of the community.

To Mr. Johnson's marriage with Adelaide T. Humphreys there were born six children: Effie, who married K. M. Burton; Nellie, who married Randolph Coleman; Frank C.; Clara, who married A. M. McKnight; Jessie, who married Luther L. Buchwalter, and Benjamin P.

FRANK C. JoHNSON. Prominent among the business men of the present at Springfield, one who has succeeded his father as an important factor in manufacturing circles is Frank C. Johnson, president of the American Seeding Machine Company. Mr. Johnson was born at Springfield, November 10, 1866, a son of Robert Johnson, and after attending the local public schools enrolled as a student at the Kenyon Collegiate Preparatory School. Subsequently he pursued a course at Phillips- Andover, and then returned to Springfield, where in 1887 he associated himself permanently with the American Seeding Machine Company. He has filled at different times practically all of the various official positions, and since September 19, 1920, has occupied the office of president. Under his direction this has become one of the leading enterprises in its line in the country, and Mr. Johnson occupies a well-merited position among the leading business men of his community. He has always shown a commendable interest in civic affairs, and has contributed of his time and means in the forwarding of those movements which have been constructive in character and worthy in aim. Likewise, he has aided education, charity and religion. Mr. Johnson is primarily a business man, but is not adverse to the companionship of his fellows and holds membership in the leading Springfield clubs, in addition to being a Mason of high standing. ;

In 1891 Mr. Johnson was united in marriage at Springfield with Miss Louise Jefferies, a member of a well-known family of this city, and to this union there have been born two children: Elizabeth, who married Robert Cartmell, and Margaret, who married Harold Prout.

Patrick J. SHOUvLIN. Instances are numerous of men who, denied advantages in their youth, have overcome the obstacles which have appeared in their path and fought their way to prominence and prosperity, but there are few in the business world of Springfield who can equal the record of Patrick J. Shouvlin, proprietor of the Superior Gas Engine Company, probably the largest singly-owned plant in the world. - Mr. Shouvlin, while his only recollection is of United States soil, was born in Ireland, February 1, 1863, a son of Daniel and Bridget

(Gallagher) Shouvlin. His father, a native of County Donegal, Ireland, went to Scotland when a young man and there learned engineering, following which, in 1856, he joined the LeWises, who had extensive iron interests in the United States, and came to this country, locating at Allentown, Pennsylvania, where he operated blast engines. Later he returned to Ireland, where he married Bridget Gallagher, and after living there a few years returned to America in 1866 with his wife and sons, Patrick J. and Daniel J. The father spent the remainder of his life in this country.

After the death of her husband Mrs. Shouvlin took her two sons to the anthracite region of Pennsylvania, and it was there that Patrick J. Shouvlin began his career as an anthracite miner, in the meantime having obtained a common school education. While looking after machinery he picked up a knowledge of practical engineering in the school of experience, and this he subsequently supplemented by private study, finishing as a mechanical engineer. In 1883 he came to Springfield and began working in the railroad shops at locomotive building, but after five years went to Wisconsin, where he became assistant master mechanic of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at LaCrosse. Later he was employed in the same capacity for the same line at Tacoma, Washington. In 1889 he returned to the East and located at Springfield, where he started a small machine shop on the present site of the Daily News plant. In the course of time his general line of steam engines and general machine business was augmented by the beginning of the development of the present Superior Gas Engine Company, which was moved to East Street in 1900 and to his present location, at Sheridan and Grenmount avenues, four years later. The present plant covers six acres of the twelve acres belonging to this property. In addition Mr. Shouvlin bought the old Herb Medicine Company plant, which was the progenitor of the old Common Sense Engine Company. As before noted, the present Superior Gas Engine Company is the largest singly-owned plant in the world. The engine is especially adapted for the pumping of oil, and recently a real oil-burning engine has been devised which is destined to become one of the wonders of its kind. In his plant Mr. Shouvlin employs on an aver- . age of 500 men. He is a democrat with independent proclivities, and in 1913, while traveling abroad, was elected a city commissioner, a position in which he has served very capably. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore, which nominated Woodrow Wilson for the presidency.

In 1887 Mr. Shouvlin married Catherine Burns, and they have six children: Daniel R.; Ann, who married Oswald Croty; John P.; Mary, who married Henry Wickham; Raphael, and Joseph. Of these Raphael and Joseph were in the United States service during the World war, but neither was called upon for overseas service. For many years Mr. Shouvlin has been a member of the American Association of Mechanical Engineers.

FRANCIS M. BookwaLTER, who is now living virtually retired in his beautiful home at Springfield, has been a prominent figure in the industrial, commercial and civic affairs of this city, and as a man of thought and action has regulated his life to effective service, the while substantial success has attended his varied and important activities.

, Mr. Bookwalter was born in a pioneer log cabin near Rob Roy, Fountain County, Indiana, on the 29th of April, 1837, and is a son of David Buchwalter, who was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1804, and who eventually changed the orthography of the family name to the English form, Bookwalter. When David Bookwalter was nine years old the family removed to Ross County, Ohio, where his father, Joseph Buchwalter, took up land and engaged in pioneer farm enterprise. In that county David was reared to adult age, and in 4828 he went to Indiana to establish a home on land which his father had previously purchased at a public sale held at Crawfordsville, that state. After spending a year on this land. David Bookwalter returned to Ross County, Ohio, where was solemnized his marriage with Susan Van Gundy, of Holland Dutch ancestry. In 1830 the young couple established their home on the pioneer farm on Little Shawnee Creek in Fountain County, Indiana, the Shawnee Indians having at that time been still in evidence in that section, which was still on the frontier of advancing civilization. On this old homestead were born the five children, Francis M., John W., William H. H., Melinda Jane and Malissa. The father built a sawmill and an oil mill on Little Shawnee Creek, and in 1837 he erected on his farm a substantial stone house, the first pretentious building in that section of Indiana. In his oil mill David Bookwalter ground flaxseed and the oil product was shipped to points as far south as New Orleans, by boats on the- Wabash, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. David Bookwalter died in 1859, and his widow passed away many years later, at a venerable age, she having been a member of the home circle of her son Francis M. at Springfield at the time of her death.

Francis M. Bookwalter was reared under the conditions and influences marking the pioneer period in the history of Indiana, and he aided in the work of the home farm and the mills operated by his father. The discipline which he acquired in the local schools was supplemented by one year of study in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, the death of his father having caused him to return home. For a time he had charge of the old home farm and the saw mill, the flax-raising enterprise having so waned as to stop the operation of the oil mill. The crude machinery of the old-time mills had peculiar fascination for Mr. Bookwalter and tended to spur his natural aptitude for mechanics and his interest in mechanical science. He finally built a grist mill on the old home farm and in operating the same he finally learned of the Leffel water wheel, an improved power device then being manufactured at Springfield. In 1865 his brother John W. came to Springfield to make personal investigation of the wheel and to transact other business. He became interested in the Leffel wheel and also, of major importance, in the daughter of Mr. Leffel. He finally married the daughter and also acquired an interest in the manufacturing business. In 1867 Francis M. Bookwalter joined his brother in Springfield and for about a year thereafter he had charge of the mill which the two acquired on Buck Creek. They sold this property in 1868 and Francis M. then became shipping clerk for the firm of James Leffel & Co., in which he later assumed charge of the water-wheel correspondence. In 1876 John W. Bookwalter became the owner of two-thirds interest in this manufacturing enterprise and in 1879 the sole owner. In 1876 Francis M. Bookwalter was made general manager of the business, in which he acquired an interest in 1890 and of which he continued the general manager until 1900, when he retired, though still retaining his financial interest. For forty-eight years and eight months John W. and Francis M. Bookwalter were associated with the important business conducted under the original title of James Leffel Co., and the death of John W. occurred in 1915.

Francis M. Bookwalter, who has passed the eighty-fifth milestone - on the journey of life, has gained high reputation as an inventor, and he obtained patents on several improvements which he made on the Leffel water wheel. He has traveled extensively, both in this country and abroad, is a man of fine intellectual ken, and he had made somewhat of a hobby of precision in mechanics. Years ago, in the memory of old residents, he developed and installed what was the first semblance of a town clock in Springfield, and the same was looked upon to regulate all things. He has been for many years a close student of mechanics and astronomy and his interest in wireless telegraphy has been shown in his installing a complete wireless outfit in his home. Mr. Bookwalter issued in 1917 a most interesting and valuable booklet entitled "The Pocket Performance oí Fine Watches Exhibited by Critical and Systematic Time Service Records," a work now in its fifth edition. From the text of this booklet the initial paragraph is reproduced herewith:

"The writer has for many years been interested in the subject of correct time service, as a diversion from the arduous exactions of an active business career. Thirty-nine years ago he furnished to the City of Springfield, Ohio, a system of time signals similar in several respects to the present practice of the telegraph company. His private astronomical observatory contained a high-class fixed transit instrument, and a combined clock of his own arrangement, with two dials and one pendulum, which kept both mean sidereal and mean solar, or local, time. The sidereal clock was corrected at frequent intervals by observing at night the transit of nautical almanac fixed stars, which are tabulated by the Washington and Greenwich observatories for navigators. The solar time dial could be corrected by the transit of the sun across the meridian, but it was more convenient and pleasant to utilize the stars by night for the necessary corrections. The combined clock was arranged electrically and mechanically to strike automatically the bell of the central station of the fire department, located a half-mile distant: These signals were adopted by factories and others as their local standard time."

From 1872 to 1900 Mr. Bookwalter produced all the descriptive and promotive literature of James Leffel & Company and the splendid success of the corporation is thus to be attributed in large measure to his able efforts. From 1890 to 1900 he was vice president, treasurer and general manager of the corporation. He has been liberal and progressive as a citizen, is a staunch republican, and in the Masonic fra-

In 1868 Mr. Bookwalter married Miss Mary Elizabeth Croft, and they became the parents of three children, the second of whom, Lulu Ts died at the age of twenty-two months; May Louise was the wife of George R. Prout, who died in March, 1922, and of whom individual

Joun A. Dove has maintained for fully a quarter of a century a place of prominence in connection with commercial floriculture in his native county and in addition to conducting his large and well-equipped greenhouses in Springfield, he is the owner of several valuable farm properties in Clark County. Mr. Doyle was born on his father's farm in Springfield Township, this county, in the year 1865, and is a son of the late Patrick Doyle, who was born in Ireland and who came to the United States prior to the Civil war, he having become one of the substantial farmers of Clark County and having continued to reside on his homestead place in Springfield Township until his death, when seventy years of age. Patrick Doyle and his wife were charter members of St. Raphael's Catholic Church at Springfield and it is pleasing to note that their son John A., of this review, is likewise an earnest communicant of this parish, besides which he maintains affiliation with the Knights of Columbus.

John A. Doyle passed the period of his childhood and early youth on the home farm and gained his education in the district and parochial schools of his native county. Before instituting his independent career in connection with the florist business he had gained six years of practical experience while in the employ of Peter Murphy and the McGregor Brothers, well known florists and nurserymen of early days. Twentyfive years ago, to meet a local demand for bedding plants, Mr. Doyle established a small greenhouse twenty by eighty feet in dimensions, on North Limestone Street, his capital at this time having been summed up in about $1,000. The enterprise prospered and each successive year he added to its scope and facilities, and the greenhouses were of large area and the best of equipment when, at the expiration of ten years, Mr. Doyle sold the plant and business to the Springfield Floral Company, there having been at that time fifteen greenhouses under glass, with an area of about 35,000 square feet. The annual business had attained to an average aggregate of $15,000 and the number of employes was twelve. After selling his original business Mr. Doyle instituted the development of his present fine plant, the offices of which are at North Fountain Street, Ridgewood. The twelve greenhouses of this modern plant have 40,000 square feet under glass and an average of twelve employes is retained in the operation of the plant. Here Mr. Doyle makes a specialty of the propagation of roses of the finest type and he has a wide sale of both plants and cut flowers in this line. He has fully 200 varieties of roses and sells rose bushes on an extensive scale to nurseries and jobbers in all parts of the United States. In addition to maintaining a characteristically effective personal supervision of this large and prosperous business enterprise Mr. Doyle also finds time to direct in a general way the improvement and operations of his valuable farms in Clark and Champaign counties. He is a progressive business man and a loyal and public-spirited citizen, his name being still enrolled on the roster of eligible bachelors in his native county, where his circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances.

WILLIAM MILLER DRAKE had the good fortune to live out his life at a farm and country home in Clark County which had been the home of his parents before him. He was one of the most substantial representatives of the agricultural interests of the county and he proved himself a sterling friend of education, religion and every matter connected with the fundamental progress and prosperity of the community. His home in Mad River Township, eight miles southwest of Springfield, is still occupied by Mrs. Drake and her children.

The late Mr. Drake was born April 29, 1856, and died November 29, 1920. His death occurred in the old house, still standing, erected by his grandfather, William Drake. It was the home of his own parents throughout their married lives, Cyrus E. and Martha Ann (Miller) ' Drake. Cyrus Drake was born March 17, 1824, and died April 16, 1901. Martha Ann Miller was born October 3, 1826, and died March 20, 1892. Cyrus Drake was a successful farmer and stockman. The old farm comprises two hundred and seventy-two acres. He was a charter member of the Mud Run Presbyterian Church while it existed and later he attended the Yellow Springs Church four miles away. The _ children of Cyrus Drake and wife were: Albert I., a farmer in Greene County, living at Yellow Springs; William M.; Margaret E., who lives | at Yellow Springs; Ida, wife of Charles Weaver, of Greenville, Ohio; and John W., who left home as a young man and is a hardware merchant at Toledo.

December 15, 1898, William Miller Drake married Sarah A. Keifer, daughter of Benjamin F. Keifer and a niece of Gen. J. Warren Keifer. An account of her father, Benjamin F. Keifer, appears on other pages. Mrs. Drake was born at the old Keifer home.

The late Mr. Drake remained with his father and eventually bought out the interest of the other heirs of the farm and until his death continued the stockraising feature of the homestead. He kept good horses and other livestock. He also served on the Election Board and was a member of the School Board when the new schoolhouse was erected. He was a trustee and elder in the Presbyterian Church at Yellow Springs and seldom missed attending worship there. He SS affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics of

Mrs. Drake, who carries on the business of the home farm, has two children: Marie Ione, a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University at pene, and Warren Keifer, a student in Antioch College at Yellow

J. Epwin Lowry, now retired and residing at 19 East Cecil Street at Springfield, devoted his active life to his farming interests in Bethel Township, and his individual career reflects additional honor upon the record of the Lowry family in Clark County. The name Lowry is one of the first in point of time in the annals of the pioneers, and much is ao in the general history concerning Robert M. Lowry and his associates.

The founder of the American branch of the family was David Lowry, who was born in Scotland in 1724. He married there in 1762, and soon afterward came to America and settled in Pennsylvania. He had eight children, and seven whose names are recalled were: John, who was born in Scotland; Archibald, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1765; David, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1767, and was the pioneer of the family in Clark County; Thomas, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1769; Robert, who was born in 1771; Lettice, born in 1773, and Nellie j.

_ Among these Archibald was also a pioneer of Clark County. After his marriage in Pennsylvania he came to this section of Ohio in 1796 and settled on Mad River, on land now included in Springfield. In 1803 he erected what was known as "the finest house" in Springfield, on what is now Primrose Alley. Archibald died in Cincinnati of the cholera in 1832. His son David was born on his land in Springfield in 1797.

David Lowry, the pioneer of 1795, came to Mad River in that year and took land where Cassius Minnick lives in Mad River Township, seven miles west of Springfield. Later he settled on land a mile farther west, known as the Grape Hill Farm, a name due to his planting of a vineyard. David Lowry died in 1859 at the age of ninety-one at his old farm. He was a man of great enterprise, and he built and operated for the benefit of his pioneer neighbors a saw mill on Donnel's Creek, which bordered on his farm, and he also conducted a grist mill, a paper mill and a still house. His old farm is still in the family.

In 1801 David Lowry married Sarah Hamer, of Dayton. She died in 1810. In 1811 he married Jane Wright Hodge, of Paris, Kentucky. The children of his first wife were: Nancy, who married William Wilson; Susan, who married George Croft and after his death, John Leffel; Elizabeth, who married Isaac Peck; and Mary, who married Wilson Hart. By his marriage to Jane Hodge, David Lowry had the following children: Martha, who married Jesse Christie, of Springfield; David Wright, who married Jane Layton; Robert Mitchell, mentioned below; and Rebecca, who married Jeremiah Leffel, of Bethel Township.

Robert Mitchell Lowry spent all his life at the old farm and was a man of most substantial character. He tried to enlist in the Home Guards at the time of Morgan's raid, but was refused on account of his age. He was a republican in politics. Robert Mitchell Lowry, who died December 18, 1902, married Elizabeth Bancroft. They had a large family of children, but only one reached mature years, James Edwin Lowry.

A Edwin Lowry was born August 27, 1852, in the house erected in 1826 and still standing. This is a story and a half brick dwelling, one of the first of that material built in the county, and the brick was burned on the farm. James Edwin Lowry spent his boyhood at the old homestead, and finished his education in the Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, under Professor Holbrook. He was associated with his father, and later succeeded to the ownership of the farm and conducted it until 1918, when he retired to Springfield, and still gives his supervision to the land. Mr. Lowry for many years was a successful breeder of Shorthorn, Red

Mr. Lowry has rendered a constructive service in the official affairs of Clark County, particularly in the road building program. In August, 1905, he was appointed to fill a vacancy on the Board of County Commissioners and was re-elected in 1907'and again in 1909. He retired from office in September, 1911, after five years of service. It was during this five-year period that the substantial beginning was made of good road construction. Mr. Lowry frequently represented Bethel Township in republican conventions.

In 1886 he married Emma O. Wallace, daughter of Smith Wallace and a member of the prominent Wallace family of Bethel Township. Smith Wallace was the leading farmer of that district and for a number of years was president of the County Agricultural Society and a leader in the county fairs. Mrs. Lowry, who is a native of Bethel Township, is the mother of one daughter, Martha Adella, a graduate of Wittenberg College. Mrs. Lowry is a member of the Baptist Church, her grandfather, Hugh Wallace, having been instrumental in establishing that old church in Bethel Township. Mr. Lowry is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias Lodge No. 377 at Enon, a village two and one-half miles from his home farm.

ALBERT K. CROSSLAND maintains as the place of his productive activities his excellent farm on the Selma Turnpike, four miles Southeast of Springfield, in Springfield Township, and it has been through his own ability and well directed endeavors that he has gained secure vantageground as one of the substantial agriculturalists and stock-growers of his native county. He has made good improvements on his farm of 110 acres, and the same is a center of successful farm enterprise. Mr. Crossland has served for many years as superintendent of the Selma Turnpike, one of the excellent thoroughfares of Clark County, is a. charter member of the Farm Bureau of the county, and is one of the charter stockholders in the Farmers Bank at Springfield. His political support is given to the republican party, and he is affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics.

Mr. Crossland was born at Springfield, judicial center of Clark County, on the 1st of February, 1852, and is a son of Jacob and Emily (Otstot) Crossland, both natives of Pennsylvania, where the former was born in 1817 and the latter in 1820, the death of the father having occurred in 1852, when the subject of this review was only a few months old. Jacob Otstot, maternal grandfather of Mr. Crossland, was born and reared in Pennsylvania, and in 1835, accompanied by his wife and their two children, he drove through with teasn and covered wagon from the old Keystone State to Clark County, Ohio, where he settled on a tract of heavily timbered land in Springfield Township. He cleared a small piece of ground on which to build his pioneer log cabin, and then proceeded with the reclamation and development of his embryonic farm, both he and his wife having passed the remainder of their lives on this homestead. The marriage of the parents of Mr. Crossland was solemnized in Clark County, and after the death of the father the young and widowed mother eventually became the wife of Samuel Hayes, on whose farm the subject of this review was reared to adult age, his educational advantages having been those of the public schools of the locality and period.

Mr. Crossland continued to be associated with the work of the home farm until he had attained to his legal majority, and for a few years thereafter he had the general supervision of the 100 acre farm owned by Rev. Mr. Tuttle in Springfield Township. He then rented a small farm and engaged independently in agricultural and live-stock enterprise. On the 14th of March, 1880, he married Miss Laura Rice, and in the same year they established their home on his present farm. Mrs. Crossland was born in Springfield Township, in.1860, and here she passed her entire life, her death having occurred in 1886, only a few years after her marriage. Of the two children of this union the firstborn, Charles, is deceased, and Walter E. is a successful farmer in Springfield Township. In 1892 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Crossland and Miss Emma Fink, and of this union no children have been born. Mr. and Mrs. Crossland are popular factors in the social life of their home community, and their attractive rural homestead is a center of generous hospitality.

THE Moores Lime Company, whose plant is located two miles west of Springfield, is an important industry of Clark County, and involves some interesting history and geology. The present presence of limestone rock and the manufacture of lime has been known in Clark County from earliest times. But the limestone in the Springfield District has characteristics that make it perhaps the highest quality found anywhere in the country. It is known as pure Dolomite limestone, the chemical constituents of which comprise ninety-nine per cent of magnesia and lime, leaving only a little more than a trace of other materials that must be refined in the manufacture of lime.

Over sixty years ago John B. C. Moores began the manufacture of Springfield lime. His sons succeeded him, and they in turn were succeeded by the third generation, who today comprise the Moores Lime Company, representing probably the oldest lime industry in America continuously conducted by the same family. While the limestone rock quarried in the plant in Springfield Township has a great variety of uses, including crushed limestone for agricultural purposes, the most widely known product of the Moores Lime Company is "Whitekote," a lime of the highest grade for plastering and other building purposes, and now shipped and distributed over practically all the states east of the Mississippi.

The secretary of the company and the active official in charge of the business at Springfield is William H. Moores. About 1864 John B. C. Moores was a dealer in building material at Cincinnati, and he also operated a cement plant at Louisville. His brother Herbert operated the first lime kiln on the Mad River. John Moores was active in the business until his death in 1896. Herbert continued to reside in Springfield until his death five or six year ago. William B. Moores, a son of John B. C., was born in 1871, and in the latter '80s became manager of the plant and his brother Lawson continued the industry until 1920. William B. Moores was killed in a blast in the mill in 1903. He and his brother acquired about 200 acres on each side of Mad River. These quarries produced thirty-thousand tons of stone and twenty-thousand tons of lime every year, and the industry originated the largest tonnage of freight shipped out of Clark County. The industry is one employing about forty persons, and most of these live in homes adjoining the property. The old Builders Supply business at Cincinnati is now continued as the Moores- Coney Company. The products of the Moores Lime Company were awarded special medals at the World's Fair at Chicago in 1893.

The president of the Moores Lime Company is John Moores, a resident of Cincinnati. William H. Moores, the secretary-treasurer of the company, became superintendent of the plant in 1916. He had grown up in the business from boyhood. He was born at Springfield, August 27, 1896. He married, June 17, 1922, Helen Ness, daughter of Prof. J. A. Ness, of Springfield, Ohio.

Harry Moux BroseY. One of the most prominent families in the old community of Medway in Bethel Township is that of Brosey. One of its representatives was Harry Mouk Brosey, who spent all his life on the old farm at Medway.

His grandfather and the founder of the family here was Gottlieb Brosey, who was born in Wuertemberg, Germany, April 9, 1792. He was a soldier in the Napoleonic war, being a body-guard to the King of Wuertemberg. He was with Napoleon's Army in the Russian campaign, and was made a prisoner and was twice wounded, and while a prisoner was hired out to a farmer. On reaching home after the terrible vicissitude of the Russian campaign he was welcomed as a man from the grave. Soon after the close of the war and as a young man of twentyfive he came to America, reaching Philadelphia with $1.50 in his pocket. He walked twelve miles into Lancaster County, where he lived for twelve years. He married his three wives in Lancaster County. His third wife was Betsy Keiler. For twelve years he lived in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and in 1841 came to Ohio. The Feigley family came about the same time and both of them settled near Medway. Gottlieb Brosey secured one hundred and thirty acres there. He burned the brick for the erection of two homes for two of his children, and he also supplied brick for store and church buildings at Medway. He spent the last seven years of his life on an adjoining farm, where he died December 7, 1866. He was a staunch Mennonite, and he located in a community where a church of that denomination had already been established. His third wife died in December, 1861. By his first marriage he had one son, Noah, who lived to the age of eighty-one. There were four children by his second marriage: Anna, who became the wife of Jacob Siple and removed to Union City, Indiana, where she died at the age of seventy-eight; John, who as a lad went to Mississippi, served as a Confederate soldier and lived in that state until his death at the age of eighty-six ; Christian, mentioned below; and Barbara, who married Adam Shaffer and lived at Medway until her death at the age of seventy-five. The children of Gottlieb Brosey's first marriage were: Susan, who married Theodore Zeller and died at the age of eighty-two; Elizabeth, who married Isaac Brenizer, and died at Medway; Samuel, who is now eighty-three years of age and a resident of Medway; Benjamin, who served as a Union soldier and died at the age of sixty-six; Mary, who married William H. Owen, of a prominent family of Champaign County ; Sarah, who married Seph Smaling; and Martha, of Springfield, widow of David Rayburn.

Christian Brosey spent the greater part of his life on his farm near Medway, where he died at the age of eighty-one. He married Anna Mouk, daughter of Henry Mouk. Henry Mouk's first wife was named Esther, and his second wife was Maria Hershey. Her father, Andrew Hershey, was born September 14, 1770, and was a son of Andrew and a grandson of Andrew. The last named Andrew was born in Switzerland an 1702 and settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1719. His son Andrew was born in 1734 and died in 1806.

The late Harry Mouk Brosey was born at the old farm at Medway, and died there June 24, 1918, at the age of fifty-four. At the age of twenty-five he married Minnie Harnish, of Osborn, Greene County, Ohio, daughter of Jacob and Rebecca Ann (Gram) Harnish. Jacob Harnish was a soldier in the Civil war, and for some years before his death was a dry goods merchant at Osborn in Greene County. He died at the age of sixty-two and his wife at seventy. He was an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic.

Minnie Harnish, only child of her parents, after her marriage lived with her husband in the village of Medway until the death of Mr. Brosey's mother, when they returned to the old farm. Mr. Brosey was a successful farmer and a cattle raiser, and was quite active in the democratic

4 Brosey is the mother of four children and still occupies the farm of 125 acres in Bethel Township. Her son, Harnish G., graduated from high school, attended Wittenberg College at Springfield, and married Marie Stork, by whom he has two children, Helen Louise and Harry William. Anna Rebecca is the wife of Paul Gerlaugh, a resident of Columbus and an extension worker for the Ohio State University. Mr. and Mrs. Gerlaugh have one daughter, Julia Ann. The two youngest children are George Dewey and Catherine Elizabeth. George Dewey married Hazel C. Kline, and they have one child, Dewey R.

W. C. WaLLace. One of the well kept and valuable country properties in Bethel Township, owned by W. C. Wallace, has been in the Wallace family for three consecutive generations and is the homestead of a family that has been in Clark County for more than a century. This farm is situated ten miles west of Springfield and a mile south of the National Road.

W. C. Wallace, his father, Joseph C., and the two sons of W. C. Wallace were all born in the same house. W. C. Wallace was born July 13, 1864.

The pioneer of the family here was Reuben Wallace, who came from Rockingham County, Virginia, and bought the land included in the Wallace homstead in 1818. This land then cost Silran'acre, acquired a half a section. A school stood on adjoining land, and he had to acquire a strip eleven rods wide, containing twenty-two acres, 1n order to make the school accessible to his land Two school houses stood on that site, the second one a brick building erected about 1833 and abandoned in

1872 and torn down in 1888. Reuben Wallace was born August 13, 1778. He became a man of substantial character in Clark County, and was a member of the State Legislature at the time Fayette County was created and was one of the three commissioners to locate the county seat. Reuben Wallace was a cabinet maker by trade. He sold off from his original tract until he owned two hundred acres at the time of his death. His sons Joseph C. and Benjamin F. acquired this portion of the homestead. Reuben Wallace died May 11, 1855. On April 5, 1803, he married Anna Lamme, of a family that came from Virginia about the same time as the Wallaces. His second wife was Barbara Cecil, and his third wife, Eleanor Mitchell, survived him some years. There were several children by the first marriage, and a granddaughter living at New Carlisle is Mrs. William Higgins. The children of the second marriage were: John W., born in 1820 and died young; Benjamin F., born in 1822, and removed to Indiana, where he died; Anna, born in 1823, became the wife of Robert Black and died, north of Carlisle, in middle life; Reuben B., born in 1825, and died young; Joseph C.; Nancy, born in 1828, died unmarried in 1903; Sarah, born in 1830. married Monroe Dyche, and died in California in 1905, and William W., born in 1831, was drowned at the age of nineteen.

Joseph C. Wallace was born December 7, 1826. October 3, 1861, he married Mary N. Smith, who was born at Greenfield, Ohio, June 16, 1838. She died March 19, 1903. Joseph C. Wallace was killed at a railroad crossing January 7, 1897. At the time of his death he owned 153 acres of the homstead, and also another place of eighty-six acres near there. He was a prosperous farmer, stockman and cattle feeder. His family consisted of two sons, W. C. and Fred S. The latter attended the University of Delaware, Ohio, read law, was editor of the old Republic, and is now publisher of the Tribune at Coshocton, Ohio.

W. C. Wallace was given a high school education, and his life has been practically devoted to the interests of the farm since early manhood. On June 9, 1906, he married Grace Wise, daughter of William . and Martha (McKinney) Wise. Her great-grandfather, Samuel McKinney, came to Clark County about the same time as the Wallaces. Martha McKinney was the daughter of Cyrus McKinney. The Wise family were pioneers at Medway, where they owned the site of the old power house and erected a saw mill and woolen mill. William Wise is now liv- retired at Medway and was for over fifty years a justice of the peace.

After his father's death W. C. Wallace acquired the old farm, and his business life has been completely devoted to its management. He is a dairyman and stock raiser. The family residence now occupied by him was erected in 1900. He is a republican, and is a member of the Meth- - odist Episcopal Church at Medway. The Ward Chapel was practically built by his grandfather, and was used by the congregation until a new church at Medway was built, about 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace have a family of three children: Donald M., who graduated from the Ohio State University in 1922; Roscoe W., a member of the class of 1923 in the state university; and Anna E., who graduated from high school in 1922. Both sons are also graduates of high school.

stock man. This farm is in Bethel Township, west of Springfield, on the National Pike. Mr. Funderburg is undoubtedly one of the best and most influential citizens of Clark County. He is now filling the office of county commissioner, and has played a prominent part in many county movements, including the Grange.

He was born in Bethel Township, near New Carlisle, September 12, 1871, son of Anthony and Susannah (Heck) Funderburg. His mother was a daughter of Samuel and Barbara (Klick) Heck, and the Heck homestead adjoins that of Anthony Funderburg and is now owned by Herbert Funderburg, whose wife is a granddaughter of Samuel Heck.

and Susannah Funderburg spent their married lives on the farm above mentioned, and started there with about a hundred acres, improved with a log house and barn, and made it a farm of unusual building equipment. Anthony Funderburg eventually owned five hundred acres, including his father's old home and a portion of the Heck homstead. He was a successful shrep and hog raiser, a good business man, and never concerned himself with public office. He finally retired to New Carlisle. He was very active in the Church of the Brethren, at first in the old church at Donalds Creek and later in its offshoot, a church at New Carlisle; and he served as a deacon in both congregations. Anthony Funderburg died in New Carlisle, May 14, 1915, at the age of seventythree, having been born March 24, 1843. His widow is still living at New Carlisle and takes an active part in church work. They have five children: Frank E.; Samuel H., who owns the old homestead; Daniel H., owner of a farm in Darke County and a resident of Brookville; Emma, wife of John B. Gump, of New Carlisle; and Clara, wife of Herbert T. Barnhart, owner of the original Funderburg farm.

Frank E. Funderburg was reared at the old home, attended the Bethel Township High School, and on December 20, 1893, married Anna Hiestand, daughter of Christian and Catherine (Leffel) Hiestand, who came from York County, Pennsylvania, prior to the Civil war and were farmers in Bethel Township. Her father died at his home on Sugar Grove Hill, April 25, 1920, at the age of eighty-one, and his widow is still living, at the age of eighty. Mr. Hiestand was a school director, and the Bethel Baptist Church stood on his farm and has occupied three successive buildings on that site. The hundredth anniversary of this church was celebrated April 20, 1922, and the original minutes of the church are now kept by Frank E. Funderburg, the present clerk. The organizers of the church in 1822 were Joseph Morris, William Sutton and Luke Byrd.

Mr. and Mrs. Funderburg were classmates in high school. After their marriage they spent five years on the old Heck farm, then moved to a farm belonging to his wife's father, and lived there on Troy Pike for sixteen years, and in 1915 Mr. Funderburg bought the Shawnee View Farm, located four and one-half miles west of the center of Springfield, on the National Road. This contains ninety-five acres of the old Gordon homestead, a place occupied by three generations of the Gordon family. Mr. Funderburg had erected a fine country home here. He was engaged in the dairy business for sixteen years, and for ten years he supplied milk to the Knights of Pythias Home. He is also owner of a hundred sixty acres of his father's old farm, including part of the Heck homestead, but this property is under the management of a tenant. Mr. Funderburg has made a success of raising registered stock, thougli he is not in the fancy stock business, growing rather for practical use. He has long been prominent in the Grange, serving as county deputy, as master of Pomona Grange, as delegate to the State Grange and has also attended the National Grange Convention. His service as clerk of the Bethel Baptist Church began in 1903. He also acted for a number of years as trustee of the School Board, and during the World war he was president of the County Draft Board for two and a half years. Mr. Funderburg takes great pride and satisfaction in the record made by Clark County as exhibited from the records of the Draft Board. All calls for troops were promptly met. Mr. Funderburg became a member of the Board of County Commissioners in September, 1921. This board is looking after the rebuilding of the courthouse and road building in addition to the routine of county fiscal affairs. While Mr. Funderburg has been rather active in public affairs he is not a politician. He is affiliated with St. Andrews Lodge No. 619 of the Masonic Order. Mrs. Funderburg shares with him in interest and enthusiasm for the work of the church and the Grange. They have no children of their own but have given home to three, and two of these remained with them until their marriage. For six years Mr. Funderburg was one of the four trustees.of the County Children's Home, an institution that had in Mrs. Funderburg one of its ablest supporters, and she is still much interested in it.

Marion C. Moses, D. V. M., has proved himself one of the most liberal and progressive citizens of New Carlisle, where he gained marked success and prestige in his profession and where he is now a member of the firm of Brubaker & Moses, which here owns and conducts one of the leading general hardware establishments of this part of Clark County.

Doctor Moses was born in Jackson Township, Champaign County, Ohio, on the 25th of January, 1884, and his early education was acquired in the public schools. In preparation for his profession he completed a course in the Cincinnati Veterinary College, in which he was graduated in 1910, with the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. In the same year he came to New Carlisle, and his ability and personality soon enabled him to build up an extensive and lucrative practice and to gain place as one of the leading veterinarians of Clark County. His initiative enterprise was shown when he erected and equipped the Honey Creek Mills at New Carlisle, the village having had no flour mill in operation for eighteen years previously thereto. The doctor sold his interest in this important enterprise after placing the same on a substantial basis.

Doctor Moses is a stalwart republican and has taken lively interest in public affairs of a local order. He has served two terms (four years) as mayor of New Carlisle, an office of which he was the incumbent from 1916 to 1920, inclusive, and in which he gave a most vigorous and progressive administration. Under his regime many excellent public improvements were made, and the village freed itself of debt, besides accumulating an appreciable surplus. Doctor Moses is a past master of the local lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, has represented the same in the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and in the Scottish Rite of the great fra- ternity he has attained to the thirty-second degree, besides being affiliated with the adjunct organization, the Order of the Eastern Star. While his mercantile business demands much of his attention, Doctor Moses still continues in the practice of his profession.

Doctor Moses married Miss Ruth Cradlebaugh, daughter of H. S. Cradlebaugh, of New Carlisle, who is the owner of the Silver Lake summer resort, one and one-half miles west of Miami, and who is making of the same a most popular recreation place. Doctor and Mrs. Moses have one son, Howard C. Moses, born July 8, 1917.

7 GEORGE W. TRoSTEL has secure standing as one of the representative business men of New Carlisle, which is his native town, and in the welfare and advancement of which no citizen takes greater pride and interest. He is conducting the furniture and undertaking business of which his father was one of the founders, the enterprise having been established in 1889 by J. A. Trostel and T. J. Scarff, and this alliance having been maintained until 1895, when George W. Trostel took the place of Mr. Scarff as a member of the firm, the title of which was then changed to Trostel & Son. In 1914 the father retired from the firm and since that year the subject of this review has been sole proprietor of the large and well ordered business. The original firm in the first few years was engaged in the manufacturing of a kitchen cabinet, but this department of the business was eventually discontinued. The building that was erected for the accommodation of the business in 1891 was destroyed by fire in 1910 and on the site George W. Trostel erected the present modern building, two stories in height and 22 by 82% feet in lateral dimensions. The entire building is used for the business as is also a large warehouse. Mr. Trostel has been associated with the business since 1893 and in his independent control of the same his progressive and well directed policies have resulted in a substantial expansion of the enterprise. The establishment is of modern equipment in all departments and in connection with the undertaking department is maintained a motor ambulance as well as a funeral car of latest improved automobile type. Mr. Trostel took a course in scientific embalming, as did his wife and their son Garrett P., both of whom are associated with the business.

Mr. Trostel has been a member of the New Carlisle Board of Education for twenty-one years, and has served as its clerk for the past twenty years. He was specially earnest and zealous in the progressive movement that has given to New Carlisle one of the finest school buildings to be found in any Ohio town of equal or even much larger population. He is a republican in political allegiance and both he and his wife are zealous members of the Presbyterian Church in their home city, he having been president of its board of trustees for several years and having given many years of effective service as superintendent of its Sunday School.

Mr. Trostel is a leader in the local organization of the Masonic fraternity and is, in 1922, serving as high priest of his chapter of Royal Arch Masons, which he has represented also in the Grand Chapter of the state. He and his wife are actively affiliated with the Order of the Eastern Star, in which he is a past worthy patron, their sor

Garrett P. likewise being affiliated with the time-honored Masonic fraternity. Mr. Trostel has passed the official chairs in the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, has served as district deputy for this fraternal order and holds membership in its Encampment body, besides which he is identified also with the Junior Order United American Mechanics.

George W. Trostel was born at New Carlisle on the 18th of September, 1875, his father, J. A. Trostel, having come to Clark County from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in the late '60s and having become one of the leading business men and honored and influential citizens of New Carlisle, where he served as a member of the village council and as chairman of its street committee. He is now living retired at New Carlisle and is seventy-seven years of age at the time of this writing, in 1922. His wife, whose maiden name was Jacob-Anna Peters, is likewise a native of the old Keystone State.

George W. Trostel married Miss Clifie M. Saylor, who was born and reared in Clark County and who is a daughter of William and Minerva (Perrine) Saylor, the former of whom died when a young man. The Perrine family has long been one of prominence and influence in Clark County. Mr. and Mrs. Trostel have two sons. Garrett P. was afforded the advantages of Wittenberg College at Springfield and later completed a course in the Cincinnati School of Embalming, he being now associated with his father's business. William Warner, the younger son, is, in 1922, a student in the University of Ohio.

WILBUR E. ELWELL is giving vigorous and successful management to his excellent farm of sixty-two acres on the Willow Road in Moorefield Township, and is a popular scion of one of the old and well known families of Clark County.

Mr. Elwell was born at Springfield, judicial center and metropolis of this county, and the date of his nativity was June 23, 1881. He is a son of Eli and Zella (Owen) Elwell, the former of whom was born in Greene Township, this county, and the latter of whom was born near Urbana, Champaign County. Eli Elwell was a skilled machinist and was iong employed at his trade in the City of Springfield, where he remained until his death and where his widow still resides. Mr. Elwell was independent in political matters, was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he served as noble grand of his lodge, and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as is also his widow. Of the surviving children the eldest is Mabel, who is the wife of Frederick Henderson; Wilbur E., of this sketch, was the next in order of birth; Harry L. is in the employ of the American Rose & Plant Company at Springfield; Frank M. is engaged E cae enterprise in Springfield Township; Irene is the wife of W. L.

Wilbur E. Elwell was reared in Springfield and there profited duly by the advantages of the public schools. After leaving school he was for some time employed as clerk in a grocery store and later he found employment at farm work in Randolph County, where he remained thus engaged for a period of six years. He then returned to Spring- held and learned the machinist's trade, to which he there continued to give his attention for fifteen years, besides which he was for a time engaged in the draying business. In 1914 he purchased and removed to his present home farm, which he has made the stage of effective and successful agricultural and livestock enterprise. Mr. Elwell gives his political allegiance to the republican party, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and he and his wife hold membership in the First Methodist Episcopal Church at Springfield.

Mr. Elwell married Miss Clara B. Dietzel, who was born at Springfield, this country, December 23, 1889, a daughter of Edward and Barbara (Vetter) Dietzel, both natives of Germany. Mr. Dietzel became a prosperous merchant at Springfield, and was also identified with the tinning business. Mrs. Elwell continued her studies in the public schools until she had profited by the advantages of the high school, and thereafter she completed a course in a business college. For six years prior to her marriage she held a position as stenographer at Springfield. Mr. and Mrs. Elwell have no children.

HARRY ARNETT. Every profession or business demands certain characteristics of its followers if they hope for success, but in none of them all are the requirements more varied or exacting than that of the business of handling real estate. The successful realtor must understand property values. He must be able to decide not only the present market value, but its real worth, and to foresee possible expansions in the future. To provide against undue advantage being taken of him and his client he must keep in close touch with the progress of events and the development, both active and potential, in the community. Not only must he be an excellent salesman, but he must also be sincere and be able to so impress the possible purchaser that he will not only close a deal but return when he is looking for more property. Above everything else the realtor must insist upon a fair deal and establish his own reputation for unflinching integrity. Small wonder that one who succeeds in the real estate business is able to sell insurance as well or that many seek through him safe and profitable investments for their surplus, for in meeting these requirements his various capabilities are marvelously developed and in his realty transactions he gains the confidence of the public in such a convincing manner that other business comes to him as a matter of course. Such a man is Harry Arnett, realtor of Springfield, who also carries on a large insurance business and makes loans and investments.

. Thomas Arnett, the paternal grandfather, was born in Clark County, Ohio, but his wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Kills, was born in Pennsylvania. Learning the trade of a shoemaker, Andrew Arnett followed it for fifty-seven years, and died October 5, 1920. His wife died many years ago, passing away in 1887. Their children were Harry and a younger brother, Clarence Earl, who is now a resident of Detroit, Michigan. :

Crowell Publishing Company and remained with that concern for seven years. Having become convinced of the value of a commercial training, he then took a business course at Willis Business College and soon thereafter established himself in his present business. He handles city and country real estate and has put through several of the largest deals in this locality. He is unmarried and resides with an aunt, Miss Nancy Arnett, at 11 East Southern Avenue. She and Andrew Arnett were two of the eleven children born to their parents. Mr. Arnett is an independent republican but aside from casting his vote generally for the party candidates in national matters and according to his best judgment in local affairs, he is not active in politics, his large and constantly expanding business absorbing his full time and attention. He represents a number of the old-line companies in the insurance branch of his business and through his different connections is able to make loans on attractive terms and investments of a very desirable character.