Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 4 of 31)

On the 8th of March, 1810, the inhabitants of the town of Zanesville made a proposition to the commissioners, for the erection of a brick building on the public square, one part of which should be appropriated as an office for the register of the county, and the other part as an office for the county clerk. After consideration, the board agreed to the erection of said building, on the following conditions: "First - The money necessary for erecting said building is to be loaned the county by individuals, which is to draw interest after the buildings are finished. Second - No part of either principal or interest of the money so loaned is to be paid until after the money which has already been loaned for the building of the court house, together with the interest thereon, shall have been paid, and all other contingent expenses which have accrued, or may accrue, shall have been discharged, and there shall be a surplus of money in the county treasury. Third - Bonds are to be given for the payment of the money necessay for erecting and finishing said buildings. Fourth - The money to be paid building to be sold to the lowest bidder the 10th day of April next." Following is a copy of a bond for the payment of the money loaned as above mentioned, for the purpose specified: "Know all men by these presents, that we, Isaac Van Horne, John Mclntire and Wyllys Silliman, are held and firmly bound unto Daniel Stillwell and Thomas Nisbet, commissioners of Muskingum county, in the sum of one thousand dollars, for the payment of which we bind ourselves, one and each, our heirs, executors and administrators firmly by these presents. Sealed with our seals, dated this eighth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and ten. The condition of the above obligation is this, that, whereas the commissioners of Muskingum county have agreed to build offices for the register and clerk of the county, on condition that the sum of money necessary for the erection and completion of said building shall be paid the said commissioners agreeable to the contract to be entered into by them for erecting said building, then the obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full force and virtue." This document was signed by Messrs. Van Horne, Mclntire and Silliman, in the presence of Benjamin Tupper and W. Raynolds. April 9, 1810, the commissioners met, and formulated the following requisition and restrictions for building the county offices: First - A brick house, 24x28 feet; the story to be ten feet in the clear, the brick to be of a good quality. Second - The foundation to be of stone, sunk eighteen inches below the sursurface of the ground, and raised eighteen inches above the ground, with good ranged work; one range ten inches, the other eight, the stone under ground to be of a good quality likewise, all to be twenty-two inches thick, except the cross walls, which are to be fifteen. Third - All the out walls to be fourteen inches thick, except the vaulted ends, which are to be twenty-two and a half inches, the partition walls and gable ends to be nine inches thick, except the part connected with the vaults, which is to be fourteen inches. The arches arc to be sprung lengthwise of the vaults, and to in a good manner, sheeted with oak boards, to be covered with joint shingles, made of chestnut timber, eighteen inches long, to lay five inches to the weather. Seventh - A plain cornice with bead molding. Eighth - Six fifteen-light windows, glass to be 10x12 inches, revealed frames, single architraves inside; ovolo sash, panel shutters, with sufficient hangings and fastenings; the windows to be glazed in a good manner. Ninth - Two doors in front, with revealed frames, transom lights; the doors to be panneled and lined, and to be hung in a sufficient manner, with ten-inch knob locks; an arch to be sprung over each door and window'. Tenth - There are to be two doors leading to the fireproof rooms, to be made of sheet iron, with brass running round the edges, two bars running lengthwise of the doors, and four across, wdiich bars are to be of a sufficient size of wrought iron; and two bars over each door, to support the arches; also best kind of hinges, built in the wall, and double-bolted padlocks. Eleventh - The inside of the house, wherever necessary, to be plastered with two sufficient coats. Twelfth - Plain work and chairboards round the two outside rooms. Thirteenth - The sash to be painted white. Fourteenth - The brick to be penciled. Fifteenth - All the materials for the before-mentioned building to be of the best quality, and all the work to be done in the most workmanlike manner. Sixteenth - The money to be paid to the contractor in four different installments - the first instalment on the first Tuesday of June next, at which time the foundation must be laid; the remaining installments to be paid quarter yearly. Seventeenth - The building to be completed by the middle of September next. Twentieth - The contractor shall give bond to the commissioners, with approved security, for the faithful performance of the conditions of sale in double the amount at which the building is bid off."

June 13, 1810, the commissioners ordered that " the public offices be placed as follows: The south wall of the offices to range with the north wall of the court house and on the west end of the same."

December 6, 1810, James Hampson stated to the commissioners that the public offices were completed according to contract, and it was ordered that the clerk give Hampson an order on John Mclntire for $920 as payment in full for building said offices.

December 6, 1810, on motion " it was ordered and agreed that the Methodist Society shall have a right to occupy the old court house for a meeting house, and the new court house on their quarterly days, when it shall not interfere with other appointments, and that the Presbyterian society occupy the new court house. Both societies are to keep the house clean and to make good any damage which may be done in consequence of their meeting therein. Any other Christian society shall have aright to meet on the same grounds; that is, of keeping clean, and in either of said houses when not occupied as above."

On the 10th of January, 181 1, on application of the subscribers to the court house stock, the board ordered that subscribers who had paid their subscriptions in full should receive certficates for the same in accordance with the original order, made March 8, 1809, which should bear interest from January 10, l8ii,and that all payments made in full subsequent to that date should bear interest from the time it should be made, and dividend payments should be made to such stockholders out of the surplus revenue in the county treasury, in accordance with the requisitions for building the court house in proportion to their individual subscriptions and payments.

March 6, 1811, it appears, the commissioners acknowledged the indebtedness of the county to John Mclntire, Jeffery Price, Robert Taylor, William Raynolds, Joseph F. Munro, Wyllys Silliman, Daniel Converse and Robert Fulton, of $7,550 with interest at 6 per cent, from December 1, 1810. This was a part of the indebtedness incurred in erecting the brick court house. March 5, 1 8 1 1 , it was ordered that the old court house be rented to the Rev. William Jones for the term of one year from and after the nth day of March instant, to be occupied as a school room, for which Mr. Jones was to pay two dollars per month, and to repair all damages which might be done said room by himself or scholars, and to leave the same in as good repair as at the beginning of his term of lease.

It was ordered that, on the presentation of a certificate signed by these parties or any five of them, stating that the person in whose name it was to be issued had paid for his stock in full, the clerk should issue an order on the county treasurer for the amount of the same, agreeable to the requisitions of the commissioners for building said court house, and agreed to by Mr. Mclntire and the others, the sum specified on said certificate, to be considered as a part of the aggregate sum named and charged accordingly on the books of the commissioners. The following was adopted as the form of the order: "Commissioner's Office, Muskingum County, Ohio, April - , 181-. Ordered by the commissioners that the treasurer of December, 1810, to be paid out of any surplus money in the treasury of said county, agreeable to the contract entered into by the commissioners and John Mclntire and others for building a court house in the town of Zanesville, and in conformity to the resolutions of the commissioners of the 8th of March, 1809."

April 18, 1 8 1 1 , the board ordered that William Craig be directed to get the necessary repairs made on the pump in the public well at the expense of the county; and that Jacob Crooks be directed to make the necessary repairs on the jail and erect a whipping post.

September 21, 181 1, the commissioners, at the request of James Hampson, proceeded to view the court house and satisfy themselves that it was finished according to contract; "and having made some progress, they adjourned to meet on October 1." On the latter day, the record states, " they proceeded to examine the court house work and compare it with the requisitions of the contract; and having made some progress, they adjourned to meet to-morrow morning at eight o'clock." The following entry appears under date of October 2: "Commissioners met agreeable to adjournment, when they proceeded as above, and also to settle with the contractors of said building, and do find that the county stands indebted to Messrs. Hampson - & Williamson, as contractors, for extra work in the sum of $194.76."

December 4, 1811, James Hampson, in the name of Williamson & Hampson, received an order on John Mclntire, treasurer of the Court House Company, for the sum of $1,550, the last payment in full for the erection of the court house, in accordance with the contract entered into by John McIntyre and others.

June 19, 1814, the commissioners of Muskingum county met at the request of the commissioners of the Muskingum bank, to make arrangements to rent the county offices, and after due consideration an order was made that the offices be let to the president and directors of the bank for the term of five years, or until the expiration of the charter of the bank, at the yearly rental of $60, beginning on the first day of July; said offices to be delivered up to the commissioners in as good order as they were at that date allowing for the inevitable wear and tear of such building. March 7, 1815, the middle room in the court house chamber was rented to Peter Mills and others for the use of the Freemasons' lodge, at $3 per month.

The following lists of county officers from 1804 to 1877 were compiled from the " Proceedings at the Dedication of the Muskingum County Court House," and published for the Bar Association in 1877:

Members Of The General Assembly

Senators, - 1805, Jos. Buell, Hallem Hempsted, Athens, Gallia, Washington and Muskingum; 1806, Hallem Hempsted, Leonard Jewett, district the same; 1807, Leonard Jewett, John Sharp, district the same; 1808-9, Robert Mc- Connell, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1810-1 1, Robert McConnell, Guernsey, Muskingum and Tuscarawas; 1812-14, Robert McConnell, Muskingum; 1815 - 16, Ebenezer Buckingham, Muskingum; 1817-18, George Jackson, Muskingum;

1820, John Matthews, Muskingum; 1821-22, Thomas I jams, Washington; 1823-24, Ebenezer Buckingham, Muskingum; 1825-26, Wylly's Silliman, Muskingum; 1827-29, John Hamm (resigned), Muskingum; 1830, James Ragnet, Muskingum; 1831-32, Ezekiel T. Cox, Muskingum; 1833-34, Thomas Anderson, Muskingum; 1835-38, Samuel J. Cox, Muskingum; 1839-42, James Henderson, Muskingum; 1843-44, David Chambers, Muskingum (speaker, 1844); 1 845 - 48, Charles B. Goddard, Muskingum (speaker, 1847); 1849-50, Charles C. Convers, Muskingum (speaker, 1850); 1852-53, William E. Finck, Muskingum and Perry; 1854-55, Hugh J. Jewett, Muskingum and Perry; 1856-57, Eli A. Spencer, Muskingum and Perry; 1858-59, Ezekiel Vanatta, Muskingum and Perry; 1860-61, Charles W. Potwin, Muskingum and Perry; 1862-63, William E. Finck, Muskingum and Perry; 1864-65, Thomas J. Maginnis, Muskingum and Perry; 1866-69, Daniel B. Linn, Muskingum and Perry; 1870-73, William H. Holden, Muskingum and Perry; 1874-77, Elias Ellis, Muskingum and Perry.

Associate Judges of Common Pleas. - In February, 1804, David Harvey, William Wells and John Campbell were commissioned as the first three associate judges for Muskingum county. William Wells resigned before taking his seat, and on March 15, 1804, Jesse Fulton was appointed to fill the vacancy. David Harvey resigned June 19, 1804, and on June 29, 1804, Richard McBride was appointed in his place. John Campbell resigned December 4, 1804, and on December 13, 1804, Giles Hempstead was appointed. On P'ebruary 7, 1805, the legislature elected Jesse Fulton, Richard McBride and Seth Carhart. David Plarvey, February 17, June 19, 1804; William Wells, P'ebruary 1 8, February 25, 1804; John Campbell, February 20, December 4, 1804; Jesse P'ulton, March 15, 1804, 1815; Richard Mc- Bride, June 29, 1804, 1813; Giles Hempstead, December 13, 1804, February 7, 1805; Seth Carhart, February 7, 1805, did not accept; William Mitchell, February 27, 1805, 1815; David P'indlay, 1813, 1820; Stephen C. Smith, 1815, 1818; Daniel Stilwell, 1815, 1822; Robert Mitchell, 1818, 1833; John Reynolds, 1820, to June 27, 1822; Robert McConnell, January, 1822, August 6, 1827; David Young, June 27, 1822, January, 1823; Thomas Ijams, January, 1823, 1830; Edwin Putnam, August 6, 1827, 1842; Mathew McPdhinney, 1830, 1837; William

Henry L. Korte was appointed on the 24th day of March, 1875, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Morgan. In October, 1876, he was elected for the full term to expire February 9, 1879. For contipuation see chapter on Bench and Bar.

the supreme court held in Muskingum county, Huntington and William Sprigg, judges. The following list shows the clerks of the supreme court for Muskingum county: - Abel Lewis, 1805-12; John C. Stockton, 1812-17; Daniel Chambers, 1817-21; John Peters {pro tem.'), 1821; E ekiel T. Cox, 1821-28; John Wilson, Jr., 1828-34; Ezekiel T. Cox, 1834-52.

Jackson, October, 1864, to January, 1866; Moses M. Granger, January, 1866, to December, 1866; Albert W. Train, December, 1866, to January, 1868; Milton I. Southard, January, 1868, to November, 1872; Daniel B. Gary, November, 1872, to January, 1874; Albion J. Andrews, January, 1874, to January, 1878. For continuation see chapter on Bench and Bar.

County Commissioners. - On the evidence of our oldest inhabitant, Stephen Reeve, Esq., who leased school land of them in 1804, our first county commissioners were William Montgomery, Joseph F. Munro and Christian Spanger. The records show: Isaac Evans,

December, 1809; Jacob Gomber, from December, 1807, to December, 1809; Daniel Stilwell, from December, 1808, to December, 1811; Thomas Nisbet, from December, 1809, to December, 1812; George Reeve, from April, 1810, to December, 1810; John Wiley, from December, 1810, to April, 1814 (died); Benjamin Spry, from December, 1811, to September, 1814; William H. Moore, from December, 1812, to December, 1818; Luke Walpole, from April, 1814, to September, 1814; James L. Fleming, from December, 1814, to October, 1819; William Hunter, from December, 1814, to November, 1817; Simeon Sims, from November, 1817, to November, 1820; Thomas Flood, from December, 1818, to November, 1820; John Robertson, from October, 1819, to December, 1825; Jared Brush, from November, 1820, to December, 1824; James Jeffries, from March 1821, to December, 1821; Israel Robinson, from December, 1821, to December, 1826; John Handle, from December, 1824, to December, 1830; Joseph Springer, from December, 1825, to December, 1827; Absalom Roberts, from December, 1826, to December, 1829; William Hamilton, from December, 1827, to November, 1831; Isaac Helmick, from December, 1829, to November, 1831 ; Israel Robinson, from December, 1830, to November, 1839; Samuel McCann, from November, 1831, to November 1834; Lyle Fulton, from November, 1831, to October, 1838; John Adams, from November, 1834, to his death, in 1837; Samuel McCann, from December, 1837, to October, 1838; John Thompson, from October, 1838, to December, 1841 ; Beverly Lemert, from December, 1838, to October, 1840; John Goshen, from December, 1839, to December, 1845; Robert Boggs, from October, 1840, to December, 1843; Littleton Moore, from December, 1841, to November, 1844; Joshua Bennett, from December, 1843, 1° December,

1846; Henry Wheeler, from November, 1844, to December, 1847; Mahlon Sims, from December, 1845, to October, 1851; Stephen Reeve, from December, 1846, to December, 1852; William Johnson, from December, 1847, to November, 1850; James Carnes, from November, 1850, to November, 1853; Joseph R. Thomas, from October, 1851, to December, 1857; Lewis M. Pierson, from December, 1852, to December, 1855; Samuel Clark, from November, 1853, to December, 1856; Abel Randall, from December, 1855, to December, 1858; Jonathan Swank, from December, 1856, to November, 1859; Hugh Madden, from December, 1857, to November, i860; John Baughman, from December, 1858, to December, 1861; E. E. Fillmore, from November, 1859, to November, 1862; William T. Tanner, from November, i860, to February, 1864; George W. Slater, from December, 1861, to December, 1867; William Pringle, from November, 1862, to December, 1865; E. E. Fillmore, from February, 1864, to December, 1869; J. B. Milhous, from December, 1865, to December, 1868; E. L. Lemert, from December, 1867, to December, 1870; Robert Silvey, from December, 1868, to December, 1871; Austin Berry, from December, 1868, resigned February, 1870; William Hall, from February, 1870, resigned December, 1874; Daniel Hatton, from January, 1871, to December, 1872; Leonard N. Stump, from December, 1871, to December, 1874; John Sims, from December, 1872, to December, 1875; Thomas Griffith, from December, 1874, to December, 1877; Leonard N. Stump, from December, 1874, to December, 1875; William T. Tanner, from December, 1875, to December, 1878.

Clerks to County Commissioners. - Elijah Beall, - - to December, 1808; Benjamin Tupper, from December, 1808, to December, 1811; Robert Mitchell, from December, 1811, to June, 1812; William Craig, from June, 1812, to September, 1814; George Reynolds, from September, 1814, to January, 1815; James Perry, from February, 1815, to February, 1821 (when the office was abolished).

County Auditors. - The office of county auditor wras created by an act of the general assembly, passed February 8, 1820. It grew out of the office of clerk to the board of county commissioners. Its duties have since been continuously multiplied and enlarged, under successive acts of the Legislature, until they are now peculiarly numerous, difficult and complicated. The names of the several county auditors are as follows: John Burwell, from March, 1821, to October, 1823, when he resigned

March, 1864; John Dillon, from March, 1864, to September, 1866; Joseph T. Gorsuch, from September, 1866, to September, 1868; John M. Lane, from September, 1868, to September, 1872; Robert Silvey, from September, 1872, to September, 1876; George W. Allen, from September, 1876.

County Recorders. - It seems that conveyances of land lying in Muskingum county continued to be recorded in the office of the Washington county recorder until April 17, 1806. From 1806 to 1831, the recorder was appointed by the court of common pleas, and, as the list shows, the clerk of that court was usually the recorder. Abel Lewis, April 17, 1805, to

February 13, 1810; George Reeve, February 23, 1810, to April, 1817; David Chambers, April, 1817, to November, 1820; John Peters, November, 1820, to November, 22, 1821; Ezekiel T. Cox, November 22, 1821, to October, 1831. In 1829, a law for the election of a recorder by the people was passed, but it did not affect the terms of those then in office. Mr. Cox's term expired early in 1831, but the commissioners of the county, under said law, appointed him to serve until after the election of that year. At that election Anthony Wilkins was chosen. Anthony Wilkins, October, 1831, to October, 1840; Wm, T. McKibbin, October, 1840, to September, 1841 (died); Imri Richards, September, 1841 to November, 1841; John Hilliard, November, 1841, to January, 1851; Joseph P. Huston, January, 1851, to January, 1854; Horatio W. Chandler, January, 1854, to January, 1857; George W. Ritze, January, 1857, to October, i860 (died); Ephraim P. Abbot, October, i860, to October, 1861; John J. Ingalls, October, 1861, to January, 1868; Jesse H. Mitchell, January, 1868, to January, 1871; William H. Cunningham, January, 1871, to January, 1877; David Zimmer, January, 1887.

1841; John Slaughter, from June, 1840, to June, 1841; Daniel Brush, from June, 1840, to June, 1841; John Peters, from June, 1841, resigned June, 1846; John Roberts, from June, 1841, to December, 1842; William Camp, from June, 1841, resigned June, 1846; Edwin Burlingame, from December, 1842, resigned June, 1846; Austin Berry, from June, 1846, to November, 1857; Lawson Wiles, from June, 1846, to November, 1847; John Vandenbark, from June, 1846, to November, 1849; James Helmick, from November, 1847, to November, 1853; Robert J. Smith, from November, 1849, resigned March, 1851; John Goyer, from March, 1851, to November, 1852; Robert Lee, from November, 1852, resigned March, 1858; Joseph Larzalere, from November, 1853, to November, 1856; Joseph Mattingly, from November, 1856, to November, 1859; William T. Tanner, from November, 1857, to November, i860; Joseph R. Thomas, from. March, 1858, to November, 1858; William Shaffer, from November, 1858, to November, 1864; David Sidle, from November, 1859, to November, 1862; Isaac Van Horne, from November, i860, to November, 1863; John L. Taylor, from November, 1862, to November, 1865; William Lee, from November, 1863, to November, 1866; James Warner, from November, 1864, to November, 1867; Waldo B. Guthrie, from November, 1865, died September 18, 1866; William Lee, from November, 1866, to November, 1868; Isaac C. Story, from November, 1866, to November, 1869; Patrick Brennan, from November, 1867, to November, 1873; John L. Taylor, from November, 1868, to November, 1871; M. V. B. Mitchell, from November, 1869, to November, 1872; William T. Tanner, from November, 1871, to November, 1874; John W. Marshall, from November, 1872, to November, 1875; Peter L. Burgoon, from November, 1873, to November, 1876; Patrick C. Ryan, from November, 1874, to November, 1877: Robert

Members of State Constitutional Conventions.- - Ohio has had three constitutional conventions. Muskingum county was in 1802 a part of Washington county, but a resident within its limits, John Mclntire, sat in the convention of that year as one of the delegates from Washington county. The following list shows who represented Muskingum in the other two conventions: 1850-51, David Chambers, Richard Stillwell; 1873 74, Charles C. Russell, Daniel Van Vorhes.

Sheriff. - William Hunter was elected in October, 1880, to serve until the first Monday in January, 1882. R. J. Haines served 1882-86; Russell Bethel, 1886-88; and William H. Bolin, who succeeded Bethel, is now in office.

George A. Gardner, from November, 1879, to November, 1882; Addison Palmer, from November, 1880, to November, 1883; Howard Larzelere,from November, 1881, to November, 1884; John Mangold, from November, 1882, to November, 1885; Nathan Kelly, from November, 1883, to November, 1886; Fred Turley, from November, 1884, to November, 1887; John Hartmeyer, from November, 1885, to January, 1891; John Marshall, from November, 1886, to November, 1889; Charles T. Willey, from November, 1887, tojanuary, 1894; David Evans, from November, 1888, to January, 1892; Conrad Sunkel, from January, 1890, to January, 1893.

Buildings, Etc

WHEN admitted to the Union, the state of Ohio contained only nine organized counties. Of these, five, Trumbull, Jefferson, Belmont Fairfield and Washington embraced nearly all of the state east of the Scioto river, while the other four, Adams, Ross, Clermont and Hamilton, included all of the state south of the Indian line and west of the Scioto, as wellasastrip alongthe eastern bank of that river. The Indian line ran from theTuscarawas river, at the point where the south line of Stark county crosses that stream, southwesterly along the north line of Knox county, making one straight course from the Tuscarawas to a point near the northeast corner of Darke county. The land north of the Indian line and west of the Cuyahoga, and nearly all of what is now Michigan, was " Wayne " county, but the inhabited part being north of the Ohio state line, the original Wayne became a county of Michigan, and after 1810 Ohio created a new county of that name. The general assembly of Ohio, by an act passed January 7, 1804, created Muskirigum county out of Washington and Fairfield. This act took effect, and the existence of this county dates from the 1st day of March, 1804. Elias Langham was then speaker of the house of representatives, and Nathaniel Massie speaker of the senate. Langham represented Ross county. Massie was a pioneer, Indian-fighter, a land surveyor. Born in Virginia, he drifted into the Ohio valley. By his energy and efforts Manchester, in Adams county, on the Ohio, and Chillicothe, in Ross county, were settled. He was a noted man in the Scioto valley.

Muskingum county then possessed extended limits. Beginning on the Indian line at what is now the northeast corner of Knox county; its west line ran along the east lines of what are now Knox and Licking, to the western edge of the elbow in our township of Hopewell; thence south through Perry county to the southwest corner of Clayton township. This point is north of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley railway, not far east of Wolf's station, or Junction City. There its south line began and ran due east across Morgan county, keeping about three miles south of the present line, and on through Noble county to the northeast corner of Jefferson township, in that county. This point is about ten miles south of east from Caldwell. There the east line began and ran due north to the northeast corner of what is now Tuscarawas county. What is now the north line of Tuscarawas, and so much of the Indian line as crossed Holmes county, composed the northern boundary. Thus Muskingum county was about sixty miles long from north to south and about forty-five miles wide, and contained nearly 2,700 square miles.

By a law taking effect March 15, 1808, Tuscarawas county was created; by another on March 1, 1810, Guernsey county was constituted, and the width of Muskingum was reduced to twenty-five miles - the same as now. By another law taking effect March 1, 1810, Coshocton county was marked off, but remained "attached" to Muskingum until April 1, 1S11.

Only one other change in Muskingum's boundaries was made, by laws taking effect March 1, 1818, creating Perry and Morgan counties. For almost sixty years the boundaries of this county have remained exactly as they now are; and so long as the constitution of the state of Ohio shall remain as it is touching " new counties" no further change will probably be made. Old Muskingum will, so far as concerns her extent, be one hundred years hence as she is this day.

The following clear statement of the history of land ownership, embracing a wide territory, including this county, is from the pen of Hon. Moses M. Granger: and the sources of the Hudson, and few white men knew of the existence of our river Muskingum. The outer edge of the English settlements touched no foot of Ohio soil. A rude fort stood at Wheeling; a more military work at Pittsburgh commanded the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, but these outposts were separated by many miles of forest and mountain, from what could be called the settled districts. Neither our city, our county nor our state existed ioo years ago. So far as this portion of the earth then possessed any political limits or organization, it formed a part of the province of Canada, which according to the 'The Quebec Act,' passed by the English parliament in October, 1774, included all the territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi, as well as what is now the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

It is popularly supposed that what is now Ohio belonged to Virginia, and was ceded by her to the United States. I believe, however, that an examination of title will result in a conviction that Virginia had no valid title to any land north of the Ohio river, except such title as resulted from the assent of the United States to Virginia's 'reservation' of the tract lying between the rivers Scioto and Eittle Miami, known as 'The Virginia Military district.' A brief history of the title of this land north of the Ohio may be interesting. In 1578 Queen Elizabeth gave the first English patent for land in America to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who, upon establishing a plantation within six years from the date of the patent, was to own sole jurisdiction over the territory embraced within 600 miles of said plantation. Gilbert failed to establish any settlement, although he tried to do so in what is now Nova Scotia. In 1584 the same queen gave a similar patent to Gilbert's brother-in-law, Sir Walter Raleigh, who effected a settlement at Roanoke, N. C. But some of his colony returned to England, and the remainder were never afterward seen by white men.

"In 1606, King James I set apart a belt extending from Cape Eear, in North Carolina, to Halifax, in Novia Scotia, to be settled by two rival English corporations or companies. The Eondon company had an exclusive right to occupy from 34° to 38° north latitude, and a contingent right between 38° and 400, and by the terms of the charter their lands extended west and northwest to the South Sea. But by its terms the King retained "the right of future regulation," and the actual territorial rights were to be controlled by the location of the settlements made. For instance, their northern limit was to be fifty miles north of their first settlement. Had this charter remained unaltered, Virginia would have had its north line near the Rappahannock. Afterwards, by a second charter her extent was increased, but the crown continued to claim, and to exercise without dispute, the right to grant to others lands not vested in the company by actual settlement. Thus the colonies of Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania on the north, and Carolina on the south, were successively established under royal grants upon territory that had at first been included within the Virginia charter.

"But before King James of England granted to the Virginia Company these rights of settlement between latitudes 340 and 4 1 °, the King of France, in 1603, had by patent granted to one DeMonts the sovereignty of "Acadia and its confines," from 40° to 46° of north latitude; that is, from Philadelphia to beyond Montreal. Under this patent the P'rench, in 1605, settled permanently at Port Royal. Then the colonial enterprises of the two nations, begun about the same time, progressed with a rivalry that resulted in successive wars. The English confined themselves to the tract east of the Alleghenies and south and west of the Penobscot. The French founded Quebec and Montreal, ascended the St. Lawrence, the Sorel and Lake Champlain, and established a fortified boundary, which included in P'rench territory parts of New York and Pennsylvania, and every foot of land north and north-west of the Ohio. And all of it was firmly held by them until Wolfe's victory on the plains of Abraham produced the peace of Paris in 1763, by which, for the first time, the title passed to England.

"And the first English state paper applicable to our Ohio and Muskingum history was a proclamation issued soon after this treaty, by which 'all the country beyond the Alleghenies" was shut against emigrants, "from fear that remote colonies would claim the independence which their position would favor.' As wrote Lord Barrington: 'The country to the westward of our frontiers quite to the Mississippi was intended to be a desert for the Indians to hunt in and inhabit.' The 'Quebec Act' before referred to, passed in October, 1774, eleven years after England first owned 'north-west of the Ohio,' as I have said, made the Ohio the southern boundary of Canada. By the treaty of 1783, Pingland ceded to the United States all the land south of the lakes and east of the Mississippi, and thus, prior to Virginia's deed of cession, our nation was the lawful owner of every foot of land on our side of the Ohio river.

Like a prudent farmer, however, the United States finding that Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia claimed title to parts, or the whole of it (and the claims of the two New England states were every whit as valid as that of Virginia), while other states also made claims, took deeds of cession from all, and thus 'quieted her title.' Ohio and the Northwest were won for the nation by national armies commanded by Washington and his generals, and by the diplomacy of Franklin and Adams, supported by the patriot people of the United States. On July 13, 1787, the Continental congress passed an ordinance for the government of the territory northwest of the Ohio. This contained the celebrated prohibition of slavery which formed the foundation of the policy of freedom. No settlements were made in Ohio until April 7, 1788.

"On August 7, 1789, the first congress, under the constitution, substantially re-enacted the ordinance of 1787, and organized 'The Northwest territory,' which was governed for thirteen years by Arthur St. Clair, an emigrant from Scotland, who had served as a general officer through our revolutionary war. By act of April 30, 1802, a state organization embracing what is now Ohio, was authorized, and Ohio became a state on November 29, 1802. I repeat these dates as necessary to a complete statement of facts.

" The act creating the county, passed as already stated, in 1804, provided that the county seat should be at Zanesville, until permanently located. Under that law, the first court of common pleas began its first term in David Harvey's tavern, at the southwest corner of Third and Main streets. Coshocton and the Cass bottom, near Dresden, competed for the permanent county seat, but the locating commission decided in favor of Zanesville. Subsequently court was held in a log cabin belonging to one James Herron, on south Six street, about 100 feet south of Main street. In the year 1808, the first courthouse, sheriff's house and jail were built. The present court room is immediately above the spot upon which they stood, but the floor is higher than even the chimney tops of those humble structures; notwithstanding the fact that the room in which court was held, was then also, in the second story. T he sheriff and his family lived in the first story. The courthouse was a frame structure, two stories high, 20x55 feet. The jail was two stories high, built of hewed logs, squared, and lined on the inside with three-inch planks. The lower story was for criminals, the upper for debtors. The two buildings, courthouse and jail were under one roof. The contract was let January 25, 1808, to Henry Ford, for $480, and was signed by only two of the commissioners, Henry Newel and Jacob Gomber; the other refused to sign because it was ' too much.' An extravagant price! Courthouse, sheriff's house, debtors' prison, jail - a little over $100 each!

of government until the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; no money shall be raised till the year one thousand eight hundred and nine, by the legislature of this state, for the purpose of erecting public buildings for the accommodation of the legislature.' "

As early as 1807-08 the subject of the removal of the capital was agitated, and at the session of 1808-09 the Muskingum delegation in the general assembly was reinforced at Chilicothe by a committee appointed by the citizens, headed by John Mclntire; and assurances were received that if the county would, at its own expense, furnish suitable buildings for the legislature and state offices, a law would be passed making Zanesville the "temporary capital." The people believed that the capital once here, would remain. Public-spirited citizens loaned the money, and the county built what has been so well known locally as " Old 1809." During the summer of 1809 the main building, intended for the legislature, was put up but not finished. The contract was awarded April 10, 1809, to Joseph Munro, Daniel Converse, John Williamson and James Hampson, for 587,500, to be completed by December 1, 18 10. In excavating for the foundation a small mound was opened, in which they found a skeleton, some flint arrow heads and a stone hatchet. The bones crumbled on being exposed to the air.

Notwithstanding these efforts of the county and town, although the legislature assembled early in December, 1809, it was not until the 19th day of February, 1810, that the following act was passed: "Section 1. Be it enacted,

&c., That the seat of government be, and the same is hereby fixed, and shall remain at Zanesville, until otherwise provided by law. This act shall take effect -and be in iorce from and after the first day of October next." But the hopes of Zanesville and Muskingum that "once here it would remain," were not allowed more than a day's existence, for an act was passed next day, February 20, 1810, providing for the election by the legislature by ballot of five commissioners, whose duty it should be to lo- cate the permanent capital, in a place " not more than forty miles from what may be deemed the common center of the state, to be ascertained by Mansfield's map." And these commissioners were ordered to meet at Franklinton on September I, 1810. Thus it was known that one month before Zanesville could become the temporary capital, the duty of selecting the spot for the permanent capital would probably be completed; and that Zanesville could not be that spot; for the central point of an east and west line across Ohio, passing through Zanesville, is the west line of Licking county: a point forty-two miles distant - at the very least from our city - while the fact that the geographical center of the state lay north of that line, increased the distance and left no room for hope, unless by management the second act could be repealed.

Although their efforts had been only partially successful, the honor of county and town was involved, so the state house - court house - was completed in the summer of 1810, and also, a smaller building for use by the secretary of state, and state treasurer; this was of brick, one story high, and stood just north of the west door of this court house. By direction of the legislature all its books, papers, etc., were committed to George Jackson, John Mclntire, Wyllys Silliman, Robert McConnell and David J. Marple for transportation to Zanesville. It is therefore probable that these gentlemen composed the committee appointed by citizens hereinbefore referred to.

On the 3d day of December, 1810, the general assembly met in "Old 1809," and chose Edward Tiffin, speaker of the house, and Thomas Kirker, speaker of the senate. The house occupied the room so long used by the court of common pleas; the senate sat in the larger of the rooms in the second story: the room always afterward known as "the old senate chamber." This session ended on the 30th day of January, 1811.

The next session began December 2, 1811, and ended February 21, 1812. During the first ten years of the state's life, it had but one representative in congress; the first congressional apportionment law was enacted in Zanesville. Ohio being then entitled to six representatives in congress - this law assigned one of them to a district composed of the counties of Belmont, Coshocton, Guernsey, Jefferson and Muskingum being the fourth district. On the 21st of January, 1812, two laws were passed, under which, afterward, the bridges over the river at Third and Main streets were built; under another act passed February 21, 1812, John

Mclntire and others (afterwards incorporated as "The Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company") built] a dam across the river and a lock. At this session also, on February 14th, 1812, was passed the law locating the capital permanently "on parts of Half Sections 9, 10, 11, 25 and 26, opposite Franklinton, Franklin county, on lands of Alexander McLaughlin and others;" but returning the temporary seat of government to Chillicothe, there to remain until the 1st Monday in December, 1817. At that day Columbus had no existence - not even a name - it was a spot opposite Franklinton." But Zanesville's last legislature did what it could to supply a designation, and on the last day of its existence, resolved "that the town to be laid out at the Highbank on the east side of the Scioto river, opposite the town of Franklinton, for the permanent seat of government of this state, shall be known and designated by the name of 1 Columbus.'"

From October 1, 1810, to May 1, 1812 - one year and seven months, Zanesville flourished as a state capital, and then returned to the more modest but respectable position of shiretown or county seat, and held until the census of 1850, equal place with Dayton, Cleveland and Columbus, as " chief towns," second only to Cincinnati. Columbus had been the " capital city" for well nigh thirty years before she had a population greater in number than Zanesville.

While the legislature met here, the courts continued to sit in the frame building of 1808; but after the capital went back to Chillicothe, the " state house " became the county court house, and served as such from the spring of 1812 until September, 1874, over sixty-two years. The first court house, which had meanwhile served as schoolhouse, meeting house, etc., and jail, was burned down April 3, 1814. On the evening of April 2d, two men arrived in Zanesville from the East, having in custody a negro claimed to be a fugitive slave, escaped from Kentucky. They placed their prisoner in the jail for safe keeping during the night. Some excitement arose amongst the citizens, some of them urging that such use of the jail was unlawful. The negro attempted to burn the lock off the door, and succeeded so well that by morning nothing was left but the lock and himself, he owing his escape from death to the active benevolence of a part of the people; others insisting that he ought to be thrown back into the fire. Assisted by some " free soilers" of that early day, he subsequently escaped from his custodians. Thus Muskingum's first court house and jail became a burnt

Before leaving these early means for administering justice, attention is requested to one now wholly obsolete, save in the state of Delaware, the whipping post. This stood on the small Indian mound heretofore named. It was erected in 1808, and existed only one year, and some eight or ten convicts for " minor offenses," received in public about twenty-five lashes each. After this post disappeared "whippings" were inflicted at the southeast corner of the old log jail.

In 1822, a sheriff's house and jail were built of brick, the same that was used as the residence of the jailor until 1876. In 1846, one Davis, convicted of poisoning his wife escaped from this jail, and soon after a stone jail was built adjoining the southeast corner of said brick. Contrary to expectations, the stone jail was by no means a secure custodian. An Irishman, who had been working on the railroad, having been arrested for assault and battery, by means of shovel and poker, speedily excavated a passage-way below the foundations of the dungeon and the next morning the astonished sheriff found an empty jail and a hole 'in the court house yard.

In 1830-31, the Zanesville Athenaeum built the east wing, between " 1809" and the alley, externally like the west wing. Its upper story was used until 1874 for library and reading rooms; its lower story and basement for offices, etc. About 1833, a west wing consisting of a basement and two stories, was built between "1809" and Fourth street; its rooms being used by the clerks of the courts and other county officers. From 1851 to 1874, the probate court occupied rooms in its second story. On September 4, 1874, the contract for the present court house was awarded to Mr. T. B. Townsend, at $221,657, and on the I ith day of the same month, the district court - Judges Marsh, Frazier, Miller and Chambers, met for the last time in "Old 1809," and disturbed early in its morning session by the contractor's eager workmen, adjourned to Black's Music Hall, the work of demolition began. The architect's estimate was for $240,205.67. Mr. Townsend gave bond for $ioo,oco, with J. Burgess and G. W. Townsend as sureties for the performance of the contract within twenty. four months from November 1, 1874. An increased expenditure of $1,403.02 was necessary to complete the structure. T he dedication of the new court house took place May 1, 1877, with appropriate ceremonies and addresses by distinguished citizens. E. E. Fillmore, Esq., as chairman, called the meeting to order and delivered a brief address. Frank H. Southard made presentation of the building to the people of the county in the following address of historical value:

"The building has been years in the process of construction, and has caused much anxiety and solicitude on the part of your commissioners. But while they have felt a deep responsibility resting upon them as the representatives of the public interests in this great enterprise, they have been sustained and encouraged at every step by the generous support they have received from the people, and have felt gratified that the increased taxation incident to the undertaking has been so cheerfully responded to. As early as the year 1871, and annually from that time to the present, has this taxation been going steadily on.

"Your commissioners having thus early anticipated the taxation, and having procured the necessary plans, specifications and detailed drawings from the very competent architect, Henry E. Myer, of Cleveland, awarded the contract of construction in the spring of 1874 to the enterprising contractor and builder, Thomas B. Townsend, of your own city.

"This public enterprise was begun under favorable auspices by the board of commissioners, composed of Messrs. John Sims, William Hall and Leonard N. Stump; and it has been carried forward to its completion by their successors in office, Messrs. John Sims, Thomas Griffith, and William T. Tanner, who compose our present board.

"The boards thus composed, assisted by your efficient auditors, A. P. Stults and James T. Irvine, carried forward this enterprise as expeditiously as the public interests would allow. They have studied diligently the public convenience; they have guarded well the public treasury; they have avoided all complications of the law and with a consciousness that they have discharged the full measure of their duty, they ask as their only reward the public approbation.

"At an aggregate cost not exceeding $260,- 000, this temple, reared in the interests of justice and the public convenience, is unexceptionable in its architectural beauty, ample in its accommodations, complete in all its appointments, the ornament of our city and the pride of our county. And as we tread to-day its spacious halls and corridors, let us reflect that the temples reared to religion and law are true indices marking the morality, intelligence and justice of our people; and let us reflect, too, with an honest pride, that in Ohio, one of the grandest of the states of our Union, with her millions of people, justly celebrated for their religion, their learning, their arms and their law. and with a century of prosperity marking their grand progress, this temple stands in the foreground without a rival of its kind in all her borders.

"For myself and on behalf of the commissioners I indulge the hope that all litigants who shall bring their causes to this forum, shall be represented always by just and honorable counsel; that the chair of justice shall in the future, as in the past and present, be supplied with worthy men; and that the fair divinity, the blind goddess of Justice, who so mysteriously presides at courts shall ever hold her scales equal; that the court, desiring to be just, shall preside with cool and impartial judgment; that counsel in their zeal for the interest of their clients shall never pass the domain of professional propriety, and that law shall be so administered as to i crease the public faith and confidence in the administration of justice.

"In the name, then, and on behalf of our commissioners, Mr. O'Neill, I now tender to the bar and public, through you, as their representative, this structure and pray its acceptance."

This was responded to by Hon. John O'Neill, accepting the building on behalf of the bar and public. He was followed by Hon. Moses M. Granger, who read a long and exhaustive address entitled "Muskingum County: Its Courts and Bar." To that address indebtedness is acknowledged for much of the material entering into this chapter. At the close of Judge Granger's address a recess was taken until 7.30 in the evening. At the evening meeting Hon. Lucius P. Marsh delivered an address on the "Efficiency of Courts and How Promoted." The address of J udge Marsh was followed by singing by a quartette composed of Mrs. Geo. Harris, Miss Kate Cassel, Messrs. James A. Cox and William H. Wilmont, assisted by Miss Clara Ayers, organist. After this, the closing address was made by Hon. H. W. Ball. His subject was "The Relation of the Bar to the Court and Community." After General Ball's address, the doxology "Praise God from Whom All Blessings Flow" was sung by the quartette, and a benediction pronounced by and Littleton Moore, county commissioners, found the old brick jail too insecure to hold prisoners. They advertised for bids for the construction of a new jail, to be built of stone laid in regular courses, with sixteen cells for prisoners, connected in two tiers. The contract was let April 15, 1845, ar*d finished in October, 1846. It was awarded to Hugh Madden for $7,975. This jail gave way to the present building, which stands further east, and was erected under contract of Messrs. T. B. Townsend and M. Clements - the former to construct all but the inside iron work and receive $16,527, the total cost of the structure being $25,027.

Lots 5, 6, 7 and 8, in Square 12, plat of Zanesville, recorded on page 28, Book A, are "appropriated to other public uses," by which is meant county purposes, the county having occupied them since the appropriation, except a traction of sixty feet square, being the northwest corner of said tract, which the city was permitted to erect buildings upon, and which the county rented of the city for some years; and when the county commissioners decided to take possession of the lots bounded on the north by F'ountain alley, south by Main street, west by Fourth street and east by Court alley, fora public square, the sum of $8,000 was given to the city to "quit claim its right, title and interest to all and singular the appurtences and buildings situated on said northwest corner of said tract." The record referred to does not exhibit John Mclntire's act of appropriation, but it is so construed, since the plat containing the lots above specified was recorded in Washington county, April 29, 1802, and the right of the county to their possession has not been questioned. The county commissioners leased to the Zanesville Athenaeum the land adjoining the"C)ld 1809," on the east, for library purposes, for the term of 1,000 years, and therefore, when their successors determined the site of the present court-house, it was found necessary to appropriate the rights of said lessee by proceedings in the probate court. A jury awarded $6,575, which was duly paid to the Athenaeum by the county. On the jury sat Joseph Qualls, the first colored man ever drawn as a juror in Muskingum county.

This brief sketch of the structures that have occupied this ground - beginning with the rude mound enclosing the remains and weapons of an unknown race, who, once, as a people, pos- sessed the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, and ending with these evidences of our present wealth, taste and architectural skill, indicates the changes wrought in three quarters of a century. The thoughts and imaginations of the younger readers these pages, aided by the memories of many who yet live as links between the past and the present, can easily fill up the picture of the successive generations that have in the interval lived and died, suffered and enjoyed, failed or succeeded, within the immediate vicinity of this spot as these years have passed away.

June 30, 1838, the county commissioners bought of Andrew R. Jackson* 100 acres of land in Falls township, the east end of Jackson's division, in Quarter Township No. 4, Township 1, Range 8, for the purpose of a county poor farm, for $3,000. October 8, 1863, the second 100 acres of the poor farm was purchased of Augustus C. Springer, for $7,000. The contract for building the first poor-house was let to David McGinnis, May 15, 1839, for $7,409.57. The building was partially burned in 1859, and was rebuilt and enlarged the following year, at an expense of $9,500. The contract for the new building was let May 15, 1880. W. C. Hazlett was the architect. The contractors: Excavation, foundation and brick work, T. B. Townsend; cut stone, Eisle & Berkheimer; iron beams, Illinois Vernon Bridge Company; carpenter work, galvanized iron work, slate and tile roofing, William Hall; painting, Henry Mechlin; plumbing, Rockel & Sons; total contract price, $44,000. The buildings have since been improved as occasion has demanded.

Just previous to his death, John Mclntire was deeply interested in the promotion of a scheme for the improving of the water power advantages at Zanesville, as well as making the Muskingum river a navigable stream from its mouth to this point, and he was engaged in this great enterprise when the fell destroyer, death, removed him from the scene of his labors. He died July 29, 1815, but with his death the grand scheme for the betterment of his adopted city did not cease, as it was found that he had allied his entire property and estate with its destinies, and, by his last will and testament, made it through all coming time an important factor in our city and the depository of a fund dedicated to the noblest of purposes. We herewith give the text of his last will and testament in full.

of all my estate, both real and personal, to take effect after my death, do make this instrument of writing as and for my last will and testament, hereby revoking and disannuling all former wills by me heretofore made.

" In the first place in lieu of my wife's full dower at law, I give, devise and bequeath to her absolutely the one-half of all the personal property I may die possessed of, except my clock, which is not to be sold, but remain in my dwelling house as long as it will go. All my personal property is first to be valued by three men chosen by my executors; then my wife, Sally, is to make her choice of the one-half, or should she not take the one-half, the residue is to be sold, and she is to get the money arising from the sale. I also give, devise and bequeath to her during her life my mansion house, barn stable, and all my outhouses and improvements, within the present enclosure where I now live. Secondly, so soon after my death as my executors, or a majority of them, may think proper, I order, direct and empower them to sell and convey in fee simple in such parcels and in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all and every part of my real estate in the county of Muskingum or elsewhere, except the real property which I own and which lies in the grant made by the United States to Ebenezer Zane, on the Muskingum river, which shall not be sold during the lifetime of my wife, and out of the sales and proceeds of the above lands, my executors are to pay off all my just debts as soon as possible, after which debts are paid, my executors are to pay to my wife Sally, annually, and during her life, the one half of the rents, interest, issues and profits of all my estate, both real and personal. The money arising from the sales of my real estate and personal estate after the payment of my debts as aforesaid, is to be by my executors vested in stock in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, all excepting one hundred dollars, which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle, and bridle with for John Chapman, who now lives with me; also one other hundred dollars which I allow them to purchase a horse, saddle and bridle with for Lucinda Green, who now lives with me. At the death of my wife, Sally, I allow my executors to sell and convey in fee simple in such a manner and on such terms as they think proper, all the rest, residue and remainder of my real estate then remaining unsold, the house and lot as above bequeathed to my wife, with the clock as aforesaid excepted, and the money arising from such sale or sales to be vested in the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, as my other money is ordered to be vested. Thirdly, I allow my executors, if they think it prudent and proper, to pay out of the aforesaid funds annually to Negro Mess, who lived with me and now lives with me, fifty dollars, during his lifetime.

" Fourthly, I give, devise and bequeath to my daughter, Amelia Mclntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, at the death of my wife, my mansion house with the premises before described in fee simple, provided she leaves heirs of her body, or an heir, with the clockaforesaid; also, I give, devise and bequeath to her and the heir or heirs of her body, and their heirs forever, all the rents, issues, interest and profits of all my Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company stock, which are to be paid to her annually during her life, by the president and directors of said company, on her own personal application and not otherwise. She is not at liberty to sell, under the pain of forfeiture, any part of said stock, nor is the same ever to be liable for the payment of her debts which she may contract, or which her husband, should she marry, may contract. Should she leave an heir, or heirs of her body, then at her death the house aforesaid to be vested in them in fee simple and all the stock aforesaid, to do with as they may think proper. But should my daughter, Amelia Mclntire, otherwise called Amelia Messer, die without an heir or heirs of her body, then my house and lot with the premises as before described are to be held in fee simple by the company before described for the use and occupancy of the president of said company, with the clock aforesaid, he paying into the fund aforesaid, for the use hereafter described, a reasonable rent, to be fixed by the directors for the same; and the president and directors of the said company are annually forever to appropriate all the profits, rents and issues of my stock as aforesaid, and all my estate of whatever kind the same may be, for the use and support of a poor school, which they are to establish in the town of Zanesville for the use of the poor children in said town; the children who are to be the objects of this institution are to be fixed upon by the president and directors of said company. This request to be absolutely void in case my daughter, Amelia, before described, should leave an lienor heirs of her body.

" Lastly, I nominate, constitute and appoint my friends, Daniel Converse, Alexander Adair and Nathan C. Findlay, all of Zanesville, the executors of this, my last will and testament, with full and absolute power by me in them or a majority of them vested, to carry this will and every part thereof inti full effect, and I fully empower them, or a majority of them, to sell and convey my real estate as aforesaid described in fee simple, and as fully as I myself could was I living, and in case any of my executors as aforesaid mentioned should refuse to act agreeable to my request, as an executor of my estate, then, in that case, I authorize and fully empower the other two executors to fix upon and appoint some other person who will act as an executor, and after he is sworn according to law, as an executor is sworn, I do absolutely and fully vest him with all the powers which any of my exectors are vested with, and all his acts as an executor are to be as binding as those of his co-executors.

" In testimony that this instrument of writing is my last will and testament, I, John Mclntire, who am now of sound mind and memory, have hereto set my hand and seal, this eighteenth day of March, eighteen hundred and fifteen, at Zanesville, 1815."

December 15, 1820, Miss Amelia Mclntire died, thus making one half of this fund a perpetual fund for the education of the poor of our city, to be selected by the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company, the trustee under the will.

Erecting a suitable school building, the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company opened and maintained a free " poor school " in the city until the year 1856, when owing to the flourishing condition of the public schools, and the repugnance of parents and children alike toward a distinctively " poor school," the trustees placed the building under the control of the board of education, by whom schools were conducted therein, the same as in other wards chools, they (the trustees) paying all the expense of maintaining it. The widow of John Mclntire, who had mar ried the Rev. David Young, died in 1854, and the other half of the estate was thereby added to the fund. In 1865, the trustees assumed the expense of maintaining another of the ward schools of the city. It was at this time, June, 1865, that a small band of noblehearted ladies decided to organize an association " for the purpose of caring for the desolate children in our city." The meeting was held in one of the small rooms of the Second Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and was attended by Mrs. Van Buren, Mrs. James, Mrs. Captain Hazlett, Mrs. Dr. Brown, Mrs. Louisa Brooks, Mrs. General Leggett and Mrs. Jos. Black. Committees were appointed for soliciting funds to promote the scheme. On July 24, 1865, another meeting was held at the same place and a permanent organization effected; the association adopting the title of the Muskingum County Children's Home Association.

The first home was opened on Market street, east of Blocksom alley, but in the spring of 1866 these rooms were found to be insufficient for the accommodation of the children, and the board of control contracted with Stephen Harper for five acres of land situated on the old Wheeling road, one mile east of the court house, for which they agreed to pay the sum of $2,150.00. The importance of such an institution as the Children's Home having been demonstrated in fulfilling desires akin to those expressed in the will of John Mclntire, the trustee. of his estate on October 1, 1866, agreed to contribute $400 a year for the school in the home. On May 30, 1868, the trustee under the will, agreed to contribute each year $2,000, the name to be changed to "The Mclntire Children's Home," and a majority of the managers of the home were to be always chosen from the directors of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company. Said trustee also purchased the mortgage on the real estate of the home.

In this manner, the Children's Home was conducted for eleven years, when the trustees became satisfied that a building should be constructed, especially adapted for such purpose, and, after due deliberation, the present site was selected. It embraces eight acres of land and lies one and a fourth miles northwest of the court house, and just within the city limits. The trustees next made a contract with the county commissioners, through a joint commission, whereby the country contributed $6,000.00 toward the erection of a new home, and further agreed to pay a pro rata share of expenses of the home in consideration of the executors admitting to the benefits of the institution such children as might be sent to the

The new home building was begun in June, 1879, and finished in August of the following year, and was at once dedicated to its intended use with appropriate religious ceremonies. In August, 1885, by mutual consent, the contract with the county was rescinded and the $6,000.00 repaid into the county treasury. The structure is one of the most beautiful in this vicinity, and will compare favorably with any similiar institution in the state. The main building is a fine brick with stone trimmings, 90x125 feet in dimensions. The basement is built of limestone with range work about the windows; the east and west wings are two stories high, while the central portion is three stories, with Mansard roof. It fronts the south and contains thirty-five rooms and is well arranged in case of fire, having many exits. It is heated throughout by steam and lighted by gas from the city mains. The laundry, which is located in the rear, is a substantial building thirty-two feet square, and is supplied with all necessary appliances. The school house is located seventy-five yards to the east of the main building, and is a handsome two-roomed structure. The home has capacity for 100 children, and is thoroughly equipped in every respect.

The home farm comprises 104 acres of land, and produces all that is needed for the home. There are several buildings upon it for the residence of the employes of the institution. Situated as it is, upon a commanding eminence, beautifully shaded by trees, and surrounded by handsome lawns and well-kept grounds, it is a model institution, and the inmates of the John Mclntire Children's Home may well be happy and contented, living to bless the memory of the man who has thus left an everlasting testimonial of his sympathy for the poor and unfortunate of this county.

BEFORE the inauguration of slack water navigation on the Muskingum river, steamboating, which could only be carried on when the water was considerably a bove its average level, was in its infancy. Traffic between Zanesville and points down the river was carried on by means of tlat boats, which were broken up and sold for lumber upon reaching their destination, and keel boats and pirogues, which were slowly and laboriously poled up stream after leisurely drifting down. The principal landings were at the Dillon wharf, at the foot of Fourth street, the Buckingham warehouse near the Putnam end of the Sixth street bridge and at the foot of Fifth street, Zanesville. However about 1844, when the state locks and dams were completed, the steamboat business came immediately to the front, and rapidly grew to large proportions. Daily packets ran to Dresden and Marietta, and large boats made weekly trips to Pittsburg. Besides these there were a number of boats running frequently to New Orleans, Cincinnati and at long intervals to upper Mississippi points - Davenport, Rock Island and St. Paul.

The Dresden boats, among the first of which were the "Relief," the " Tuscarawas," "Walhonding" and the " Mclntire," carried numerous excursions up the river.

The Marietta boats carried rather more freight and less frivolity; but, running in any trade, steamboating during its flush times, from 1845 to 1855, offered a most attractive life as well as a most lucrative field to young men living near the river; and there are few of the older families that have not had more than one representative " on the river." The excitement of racing was a prominent feature of steamboating in those days. Every captain believed that if his craft had anything like a fair chance she could show a clean pair of heels to any boat of her class that ever turned a wheel; and, with a view of demonstrating this superior speed, would race with anything afloat at every possible opportunity - going scudding by passengers and shippers frantically waving from the bank, unless it happened that the rival steamboat seemed to be getting the uest of it when stopping for freight or travellers served as an admirable excuse for not winning the race. Considering the fact that desperate racing was the rule, it is remarkable that no accidents occurred, indeed there have never been any disasters of great magnitude, under any conditions, in the history of Muskingum steamboating, the worst being the explosion of the " Buckeye Belle" in the Beverly locks. The only other explosion on the river was that of the " McCormick," some fifteen years ago. In those days there were no lines of steamers on western rivers; every boat was an independent venture that made or lost money according to the ability of her officers to please the public. Few, however, were the boats that did not prove profitable investments to their owners. The cargoes carried were enormous and the freight rates high. As an example may be cited the "Helen Mar," the toll upon whose cargo through the locks of the Muskingum was $500 for one trip alone. The " Cheviot," another boat of the same class, a few years later, twice carried cargoes of 2,500 barrels of flour from Worstall's mill at Beverly. Tradition says the " Cheviot " was the fastest boat on the river between 1850 and i860. She was built by William McIntosh and captained by him for a short time, and after that by Capt. D. T. Brown, of Beverly. One of her trips was from Zanesville to St. Paul, St. Paul and thence back to Pittsburg, the entire distance and a number of changes of freight accomplished in an even thirty days. The ill-fated Belle Zane was also considered a speedy craft for a stern-wheeler. Despite the narrowness of the locks there have been half a dozen side-wheel boats, with recessed wheels, built for this river. One of them, the " Enterprise," a Cincinnati and New Orleans packet built at Zanesville by Bishop and others, had

is acknowledged to a seiies ot papers published in the 'Zanesville Daily Signal, written by Mr. C. Frame, and used here by permission.

Canoes, pirogues, flat boats and keelboats were used from the time of the first settlements on the Muskingum river until the opening of the improved navigation on the river by the locks and dams in 1842. The canoe was made by digging a trough-like space in a large poplar tree. They were propelled by a man, or men standing in the canoe, using a pole to push the craft. They were easily overturned, and it required an experienced hand to navigate safely and rapidly. Many of the pirogues were made of a very large tree, with a keel and a running board on the sides for men who used the propelling poles. The flat boats were like the boats used until lately in carrying coal on the river, the whole boat uncovered, except a covered space near the stern for the pilot of the boat. They floated with the current down the stream, but they had to be pushed by strong men when ascending the river. The keel boat was the most aristocratic of all the boats on the river. It was a regular ribbed boat, planked on the bottom, its sides well covered with plank, to turn rain and keep the freight dry. These boats carried produce to the different trading towns, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Wheeling and other places. Some of them went as far as Nashville, Tenn., with their cargoes, returning with different kinds of merchandise for the Zanesville trade. The large flat boats for carrying flour and other kinds of produce for the down river trade, were only used for the trip down the river. When their cargo was unloaded, they were sold for different uses. Only the value of lumber could be obtained, and sometimes they were disposed of for a very small consideration.

The canoe and pirogue were used by farmers along the Muskingum river at Big Bottom and Round Bottom, for carrying their fruit (apples, pears and peaches) and watermelons to the Zanesville market. A number of them could could be seen in the fruit season at the landing almost every day.

The flat boat was used for the salt trade, and sometimes to carry farmers' produce to the market. Before the era of steamboating, nearly all the salt from the many saltworks along the Muskingum river was carried to market on flat boats. Nearly every salt works had a flat boat that would carry from ten to fifty tons of salt. Without flat boats there would have been much trouble and expense of teaming the salt to the Zanesville trade.

Wheeling to Baltimore, and from Pittsburg to Philadelphia. They were there loaded with different kinds of merchandise for the Ohio trade, floating down the Ohio riverto Marietta; then the socket poles were used, the steersman calling "head to,'' "up behind" and "all together" to his crew on either side of the boat, the men bending, with their iron socket hickory poles, with button-shaped ends, to their shoulders, forcing the heavily-loaded craft up stream. In many places horses or oxen were used to help over the riffle, or a long rope was fastened to a tree on shore, the other end wound around the capstan, and the boat would "be warped over the riffle."

John Carpenter had the keelboal, "Retuna," afterward named the "Little Toin." His trade was from Zanesville to Pittsburg, also he was the owner of other boats in the Cincinnati and Kanawha trade. He was in the trade in 1820 and 1825. Victor Stull and his brother Harry, the father and uncle of Captain Stull, of Beverly; Lemuel Swift, afterward a prominent steamboat pilot; Captain Birch, of Marietta, who was on the river piloting steamboats until he was nearly eighty years old, and old Billy Scales, who was one of the best rifle-shots in the Western states. Mike Fink, one of Carpenter's men, was another good shot with a rifle. An amusement for him and Carpenter, was to place a tin cup of whisky on each other's head, and then shoot at it. Mike shot Carpenter in the head. Yankee, one of the trio as soon as he saw Carpenter was dead, immediately shot Fink, then he jumped into a canoe and escaped down the river. The boat capsized and Yankee was drowned. Dudley Davis of Cat's creek, Tiff and Ross Nott, Ab and Hark Boyd, Paul, Alexander and George Hahn were among the most prominent keel-boatmen.

The large covered flat-boat was the great boat for carrying flour, apples, potatoes, stoneware and other produce and manufactures for the Ohio and Mississippi river trade. As soon as there was water enough in the river in autumn, these boats were leaving the towns on the Muskingum river for the lower trade, as it was then called. Generally old keel-boatmen were captains and pilots of these boats. There was a space for cooking and a living room. All other space was packed with the load. They frequently carried from six hundred to one thousand barrels of flour. They had large oars - sweeps they were called to assist in propelling and steering the boat. The crew enjoyed the trip. On every trip there was a

"tender-foot," as a young man's education was not considered complete until he had made a trip to New Orleans. Billy Scales made many trips to the Crescent city and he returned three times on foot, crossing through the Cherokee tribe of Indians, who then had their home in Mississippi and Tennessee. He carried the money for his load of produce in a sack, and he was never molested. Often a small fleet of Muskingum river boats were in company. A Mr. Jones, of McConnelsville, was an experienced flatboat pilot.

In 1 8 1 1 , the first steamboat the "Orleans," passed down the Ohio, causing as much astonishment along the shore as did the first steamer on the Muskingum river fourteen years later. The "Rufus Putnam," commanded by Captain Green was the first steamboat to make the attempt to navigate the Muskingum river as far as Zanesville. It had been supposed to be impossible for a steamboat to ascend the river, owing to the rapidity of the stream and its crookedness when there was sufficient water, and the uncertainty of its remaining long enough at a high stage to make a trip from Marietta to Zanesville and return. Captain Burch, an old keel boatman, was the first man who demonstrated it could be done with safety.

The surprise was great at Zanesville, for it was demonstrated a boat, a steamboat, had arrived from Marietta. The whole town was in an excitement. Citizens ran to and fro in confusion, and the excitement was great, waving their hands and shouting. The officers of the boat and the passengers were sumptuously entertained. On her return trip the people flocked to the banks of the river from the country. The following account of this memorable happening is from the pen of Alonzo Green, of Oakland, California, who was a passenger on the "Putnam." - "Aboutthe trip of the 'Putnam' to Zanesville; my father had been running the keel boats, carrying merchandise from Pittsburg, Pa., to Zanesville. I had hold of his hand, looking at a steamboat coming down the Ohio. She* turned into the Muskingum and ran up to the mill on the Point Harmer side to take in flour. Father snapped his fingers, and said aloud, 'I will sell my keel boats,' and it must have been two years before he started the 'Putnam.' Some of his old consignees in Zanesville wrote him they wanted him to make a trip to their city. The boat came from Louisville, and the Muskingum was high and rising. The citizens were notified the 'Putnam' would go up to Zanesville on the third day after that time, as the boat had passengers for Pittsburg, as well as freight. The boat returned and was full and more, too. The charge for the round trip was $5 The floors on both cabins were full of beds at night, and some had no place to sleep and kept up and went on shore after the boat arrived at Zanesville. We started early in the morning and fired the first gun (a cannon about two feet long and four-inch bore). Every hour the cannon boomed, all the way up to Zanesville. The people along the banks followed for miles, cheering and showing their appreciation of seeing a steamboat that could stem the rapid current of the river, but our boat made only three or a little more than that many miles per hour. Most of our passengers were young ladies and gentlemen, and a few old folks to look after the young ones. The boat was very cranky and it required constant vigilance on the part of the captain and mate to keep the boat on an even keel. Mrs. Holden was a stout, fleshy lady, and at the word, 'trim boat,' the question was, 'Where is Mrs. Holden?' and it was a jollification all the way up; and there were many matrimonial engagements made on that trip. When we came in sight of Zanesville the cannon in the city fired constantly, I think, all night. We anchored the boat in the stream, as the captain was afraid the crowd would turn her over. The next day, a public dinner was given in honor of the occasion, and a committee waited on father, soliciting him to give an excursion down a few miles to allow them to ride on a steamboat. Father offered to give them a free ride, but the committee would not have it so, as they contended the boat would be full and no ladies could go. It was settled the charge was to be Si for each passenger. They made the trip down ten miles, and a crowd was on board and hundreds were left when the boat was full.

"He started for Marietta the next day and made the run down in six hours. The banks were lined with people who had come from the back country to see the boat go by, but none were able to follow. I think there were four children on board - Miss Maria and Miss Julia Holden, Richard Green (son of Daniel), and myself. Any one living at this time is certainly eighty years of age, or near that."

The "Speedwell" of Pittsburg, fired off her howitzer early one morning in the spring of 1827. The shrill whistle or the hoarse sounding ho;m was then unknown. The " Red Rover," in the spring of 1828, made several trips from Pittsburg to Zanesville during the spring and summer freshets. Other boats made trips on the Muskingum, but steamboating on the Muskingum was not a regular business until the completion of the dams and locks, in 1842. Gen. C. C. Goddard made a quick trip from Zanesville to Marietta on the Putnum, only being six hours on the trip. Only one stop was made and that for a few minutes at McConnelsville.

From the time of the first settlement west of the Ohio river, until the opening of the canals, all goods for the West had to be carried on pack-horses or hauled on wagons from the Eastern cities, crossing the mountains, first on rough roads, afterward on the turnpikes to Pittsburg or Wheeling, for the Ohio trade. When the Ohio and Muskingum rivers were frozen, or the water too low for boating, many teams were required to haul the freight on large wagons, called Pennsylvania schooners, usually six horses hitched to each wagon. These teams were used until the completion of the Muskingum river improvement, in 1842. The old four-horse stage coach used to come down Main street, Zanesville, at rapid rate of speed causing all wagons to take the sides of the street and pedestrians to look out for themselves. The arrival of the coaches from Wheeling, Columbus and Maysville and their departure, was an every-day occurence, but the event would always gather a crowd of idle spectators.

Col. Orndoff and Capt. William Terry, the officials of the stage line, were both quite popular with the traveling public. The colonel was the inventor of the famous " Hagerstown sausage."

The wayside inn did a flourishing business. The wagon taverns in the night presented the appearance often of a part of a military encampment. The horses were fed in a long trough, fastened to the wagon tongue. The teamsters furnished their own beds, which were spread on the floor of the inn during the night. These were the prosperous days for the villages on the pikes running east and West. As the country improved, wise men began to estimate the advantages of building canals from Philadelphia and New York City, to secure the trade of the rapidly-improving "great West." De Witt Clinton is said to be the father of the Lake Erie and Hudson canal. New York at that time viewed with alarm the trade that was going to Philadelphia and Baltimore, hence the building of the canal to turn the trade to New York. Clinton visited Ohio in 1823 or 1824, for the purpose of arousing public opinion in favor

The completion of the Ohio canal aroused the citizens in the Muskingum valley to the importance of slack navigation on the Muskingum river. In 1827 a commission of three was appointed, one from each of the counties, to assist an engineer in making a survey of the river and estimate the cost of improving the channel. Thomas Wickham, of Muskingum, Samuel A. Barker, of Morgan, and W. R. Putnam, of Washington county, were the commissioners. Their salary was fixed at $1.50 per day, which was to be paid by the three counties. If the survey was ever made, no record is now to be found of it.

In the winter of 1835 and 1836 there was an epidemic in Ohio, as well as in other States, of internal improvement, which was evolved at that session for improving the Muskingum river by dams, locks and short canals from Marietta to Dresden, a distance of ninety miles. An appropriation of $400,000 was made. This sum was deemed sufficient for a commencement of the work. The primary plan was for locks of the same size as that at the terminus of the Ohio canal at Dresden, viz., 120x22 feet, only admitting of the size of boats used on the Ohio canal, but the commissioners discovered that the law required them to build locks large enough to admit steamboats used in navigating the upper Ohio river. A change was made in the plan, to 100x34 feet, which was considered large enough for the trade Complaint was made about the size of the locks, and a careful measurement was made of thirty boats on the upper Ohio, when it was found that only three of them could pass locks of the size, while all of them, excepting four, could pass a lock 175x36 feet. The change in the plan was not made for some time, the southern end of the river being opposed to increasing the size of the locks, while Morgan and Muskingum counties favored the larger locks, which were finally adopted by the commissioners of public works.

The canal commissioners contracted for the work in October, 183G. William Wall, acting commissioner, and David Bates, chief engineer, advertised for the work. When the magnitude of the work that was to be done is considered, the responsibility of the commission in letting such jobs was very great for that age of improvements.

George W. Manypenny secured the contract for building the dam at Zanesville and Josiah Spaulding the lock there; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp, the dam at Taylorsville and Lon, Bucky

& Wolf the lock at the same place; Arthur Taggart the lock and dam at Rokeby or Eagleport; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp the lock and dam at McConnelsville ; Arthur Taggart the lock and dam at Windsor; Lyon, Buck & Wolf the dam at Luke Chute; John McCune, the canal and dam at Beverly, and Arthur Taggart the lock at Beverly; Lyon, Buck & Wolf the lock at Lowell; Arthur Taggart, the lock and dam at Devols; Hosmer, Chapin & Sharp the lock and dam at Marietta. Col. Samuel R. Curtis acted as supervisor and chief engineer of the work the first two years. The assistant .engineers were: Charles Hill, Senior; assistant; W. L. Coffenberry, J. T. Arthur, John Burwell, Joseph Stibbs, J. R. Straughn, James Welsh and M. Love, junior assistants. Many other engineers were employed at the same works as assistants. Among them, Fred Hayward, now of McConnelsville, was employed at Lowell. Hon. John Sherman, now United States Senator, was one of Hayward's rodmen.

Simms' Creek, Zanesville, Taylorsville, Eaglesport, McConnelsville, Windsor, Luke Chute, Beverly, Lowell, Devols and Harmers. There are two locks at Zanesville, and a dam near each of the locks named, except at Dresden, where necessity for one is obviated by the canal flowing into the Muskingum.

During the five years that the work on the contracts was being prosecuted, there were flush times along the Muskingum. So many large jobs on hand at the same time, only a few miles apart, for a distance of seventy-five miles, made a great demand for labor of all kinds, and sale for timber and farmers' produce. During the five years from 1837 to 1842 there was more money paid out along the Muskingum than any other time, although there has been more than one million dollars paid out for repairs and new work since 1842. When the dams were building it was claimed the water-power would be used for manufacturing purposes and the Muskingum valley would be the greatest hive of industries in Ohio. Before the dams were built James Taylor had a dam and a mill at Taylorsville. There was also a sawmill and woolen factory. Robert Mc- Connell had a dam and mill at McConnelsville. There were passages for boats about sixty feet wide at the end of these dams which were used by boats during high water. Boats ascending the river had to pass through locks.

A village was laid out at Taylorsville. The lots were sold for more money than they would bring since the completion of the public work. Eaglesport was platted and lots sold; so at

Windsor; Luke Chute made no attempt to build a city or anything except a small building for the lock-tender. Beverly caught the "boom," and Lowell was to be the great city, hence its name. These places all claimed great "natural advantages," but they have seen other localities improve in advance of them and their great expectations are not yet realized. When the bill for the Muskingum improvement from Dresden to Marietta, was finally settled, the ninety miles cost the state $1,627,018.20, an average of $17,879.32 per mile.

The first steamboats in the regular trade on the Muskingum river were built at Zanesville before the completion of the improvement, and some of them were engaged in the trade to Dresden. The canal boats from Cleveland with their cargoes were brought to Zanesville, towed by the small steamers in that trade. Large quantities of flour and salt were shipped on canal boats for the trade along the canal, and much of the flour was sent to New York.

"The Hope," built by Capt. Reeves, is represented as the first steamboat built at Zanesville. It was a small craft not equal to some of the small pleasure boats that were on the river a few years ago. The "Tuscarawas," Capt. Billy Scales commander, made a trip to Coshocton, during high water. Joseph Howland was engineer. The " Muskingum Valley," another of Capt. Scales' boats, was in the Dresden trade. There were also other boats engaged in this trade, the names of the best known being "The Ohio," "Mclntire," "Zanesville packet," "Muskingum," "Moxahala" and "Relief." The last named boat was built for the Dresden trade, commanded by Capt. Thompson. It also made a few trips to Pittsburg. The " Philip Doddridge," of Wellsburg, Va., was also early in the Muskingum trade. Capt. Robert Hazlett was one of the owners of the " Muskingum," "Moxahala" and the "Relief," and he was a commander on the "Muskingum" and "Moxahala."

The "Putnam" was built by Capt. Blue on the canal bank near Second street. It went to New Orleans, and there was engaged in the Lake Pontchartrain trade. The "Del Norte" left the Muskingum for the Rio Grande river, crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It was commanded by Capt. William Bowen, who had commanded the steamer "Muskingum" in the Pittsburg trade. Capt. Bowen was a partner of Mr. L. H. Dugan in building the large flouring-mill at Duncan's P'alls, now owned by Mr. John Miller. He was a brother of Mr. Charles Bowen, who was lost when the "Belle Zane" sunk, on the Mississippi river. Capt. Bowen

There appear to have been a great many boats carrying the first steam whistle on the Ohio. Mr. W. W. Little, of Little, Ky., writes that it was on the Mingo Chief in 1844. A veteran river man of Cincinnati is certain that it was on a boat called the "Revenue," owned by Capt. A. Bartlett, of Wheeling; she received the whistle the year following the great Pittsburg fire, in 1844 or 1845. The "Mingo Chief" was in the Pittsburg and Zanesville trade.

The steamer "Julia Dean" was the pioneer in having the first steam horn. It excited the people more than the first whistle. The "Belle Zane" was built at the California boat yard on the Monongahela river. The boat was owned at Zanesville and it was a regular packet in the Zanesville and Pittsburg trade, capacity 300 tons. It made a few trips to Cincinnati and to St. Louis. The "Belle Zane" was a fine model and one of the fastest boats at that time. In December, 1845, the boat was loaded at Zanesville with a miscellaneous cargo, consisting of flour, empty molasses barrels to be filled on the Louisiana coast with molasses for the Zanesville wholesale trade. At Marietta there were taken aboard 700 turkeys and a large number of chickens for the New Orleans market. About thirty cattle and 600 bushels of corn were added to the load at Madrid, Mo. The cabin was well filled with passengers and the boat had all the load it could carry. The rivers were very low and there was slow traveling on account of the low stage of water. John Brazure, of Cincinnati, was commander, and the other officers were Zanesville men, viz.: Clerk, Edward Matthews; mate, Monroe Ayers ; engineers, David Hahn and Joseph Howland. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bowen and son, and Mr. and Mrs. Wyncoop and son, were passengers from Zanesville. Mr. Bowen was a prominent citizen then engaged in the grocery trade. He had represented the county in the Ohio legislature. Mr. Wyncoop was also a wellknown citizen. Many friends were at the landing when the boat lines were handed in and a large crowd were at the lock and remained waiting until the boat passed around the bend below Moxahala.