Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 9 of 31)

Blue Rock township, 1,070; Brush Creek township, including Cannelsville village, 1,413; Cannelsville village, 177; Cass township, 963; Clay township, including Roseville village, 1,021; Roseville village, 714; Falls township, 1,591; Harrison township, includingTaylorvillc village. 1,250; Highland township, 795; Hopewell township, 1, 579; Jackson township, including Frazeysburg village, 1,479; Frazeysburg village, 610; Jefferson township, including Dresden village, 1,288 Dresden village, 1,247; Licking township, 872; Madison township, 979; Meigs township, 1,446; Monroe township, 878; Muskingum township, 817; Newton township, including Uniontown village, 2,131; Perry township, 923; Rich Hill township, 1,301; Salem township, including Adamsville village, 872; Adamsville village, 335; Salt Creek township, 1,148; Springfield township, 1,231; Union township, including New Concord and Norwich villages, 1,820; Newr Concord village, 719; Norwich village, 234; Washington township, 1,038; Wayne township 1,582; Zanesville township (coextensive with Zanesville city) 21,009; Zanesville city, ward 1, 1,254; ward 2, 1,591; ward 3, 2,392; ward 4, 1,750; ward 5, 2,672; ward 6, 2,333;

Interesting figures from the assessors' reports to the probate judge show the number of births and deaths during the past year. As usual the sixth ward, of Zanesville, is ahead in the matter of furnishing new born residents, the births numbering 79. The ninth ward comes next with 76, while the eighth ward is a poor third with 48. In both the first and second wards there were more deaths than births. In the townships, Brush Creek reports the highest number of births, 50. In Jackson there were 34 births and 28 deaths. Cass reports 23 births and only 6 deaths, while in Jefferson there were 27 births and 27 deaths. The total number of births was 801 and the whole number of deaths 463. The following are the figures: Adams, births 13, deaths 8; Blue

EBENFZF1R ZANE and Elizabeth his wife, at the date mentioned therein, executed a deed, of which the following is a copy, of land described to Jonathan Zane and John Mc- Intire.

"This indenture, made this nineteenth day December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, between Ebcnezer Zane and Elizabeth his wife, of the county of Ohio, and commonwealth of Virginia, of the one part; and and Jonathan Zane, of the county and commonwealth; and John McIntyre, of the county of Washington, in the Northwest territory, of the other part; witnesseth:

That the said Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth, his wife, for and in consideration of the sum of one hundred dollars, lawful money of the United States, to them in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for divers other good causes and considerations them thereunto moving, have granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents do grant, bargain and sell, unto the said Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire and their heirs and assigns forever, a certain tract or parcel of land containing six hundred and forty acres, lying and being in the said county of Washington, in the Northwest territory, on the Muskingum river, and bounded as followeth: Beginning at the northwest corner, at a post where a white oak, thirty inches in diameter, bears south twenty-one degrees, east twenty-three links distant, and an elm, six inches diameter, bears north eighty degrees, east twenty-two links distant, thence ran east ninety chains to a post where a butternut tree, sixteen inches diameter, bears north ten degrees east seven links distant, and one other butternut, fourteen inches diameter, bears south fifty degrees, cast twentyfive links, thence south eighty chains to a dogwood sappling where an hickory, twenty-four inches diameter, bears north ten degrees east fourteen links distant, and one other hickory, eight inches diameter, bears south sixteen degrees west twenty-six links distant, thence west ninety chains to a post where a white oak, eight inches diameter, bears north sixty-four degrees east twenty-four links distant and an elm, four- teen inches, diameter bears south ten degrees west six links, thence north eighty chains to the place of beginning. To have and to hold the said six hundred and forty acres of land with the appurtenances unto the said Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire and their heirs and assigns forever as tenants in common and not as joint tenants. In witness whereof the said Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth his wife hereunto set their hand and affixed their seals the day and year first above written.

" Washington county ss., Newton, December twenty-fourth, one thousand eight hundred, personally appeared Isaac Zane and John Bryson before Henry Smith, one of the justices of the peace for the county of Washington, and made solemn oath that the within named Ebenezer Zane and Elizabeth Zane acknowledged the within deed to Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire to be their act and deed for the use therein mentioned.

Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire proceeded to lay out a town. The plat of Zanesville was filed for record April 28, 1802. The town was laid out in the southeast corner of the Zane grant, and extended nearly to the Muskingum river on the west. The east line was the west line of Seventh street, the south line was the north line of South street, and the north line was the south line of North street. Lots 8 and 16 in the 13th square were by the plat appropriated for a market house, and lots 5, 6, 7 and 8 in the 12th square (the court house lot) "for other public uses." The first lot sold was to Noah Zane, who paid 830 for lot I in square 2 - the first lot on the north side of Main street east of the canal. The deed bears date May 31, 1802. Shortly after the town of Zanesville was laid out Messrs. Zane and Mclntire aparted the residue of Zane's grant. That portion immediately adjoining the town on the north and extending from Seventh street to the river became the property of John Mclntire, and the part north of it, lying between a line drawn from Elm street west and the river was conveyed to Zane. I n the partition of their property between Mclntire and Zane all that part of West Zanesville lying east of

Blue avenue was deeded to Mclntire, and that west to Zane. The United States granted to Robert Underwood the third quarter of the first township in the eighth range of the United States military lands, containing 3,817 acres. In the southwest corner of this tract Underwood laid out a tier of eight lots of five acres each, extending from Seventh to Underwood streets and from a short distance north of Market street to the river, and another tier of five lots of ten acres each east of Underwood street and west of Downer street. A street was laid out east of these lots running north from Market street, a little west of where Blocksom street intersects Market, to the river, at a point later occupied by the Ohio Iron Company. Section 1, Township 16, Range 14, was granted by the Uuited States to Mathews, Whipple and Putnam. A corner of this section lies northeast of the river, but the bulk of it lies in that part of the city known as Putnam. The town of Springfield was laid out at the time and in the manner described below:

" Plat of a town described, situate, &c., at Spring Hill, on Muskingum river, in the county of Washington and Territory Northwest of the Ohio, laid out by Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, into house . lots, out lots, &c., with certain appropriations and reservations, as hereinafter mentioned, viz.: In this plat the house lots are numbered from 1 to 147 and the out lots are numdered from I to 45. The house lots, except Nos. 8 and 9, and the fractional lots below Spring Hill, contain half an acre each, and the out lots contain the quantity noted in them respectively. The house lots numbered from 1 to 7 are three chains thirty-four links long by one chain fifty links wide. The lots numbered from 10 to 17 are three chains thirteen links long by one chain sixty links wide Lots 18 and 19 are three chains and three hundredths links long by one chain sixty-five links wide, and the remaining house lots below Spring Hill, numbered from 18 to 147, except the fractions, are two chains fifty links long by two chains wide. All the streets below Spring Hill are sixty feet wide and f'ront street is in many places more. The alleys passing through each block or square are sixteen and one-half feet wide. North street and the road leading toward Lancaster, are each sixty-six feet wide. The alley between out lot No. 1 and the house lots north and that between house lots eight, nine and ten, and between thirteen and fourteen are each thirty feet wide. All the other roads and alleys marked in the plat above described are fortynine and a half feet wide. The road or street leading from Spring Hill down to the street north of out lot No. 21 shall be made in the most convenient place, where the ascents will be easy and gradual. The alley' dividing the blocks or squares of house lots below Spring Hill are for the particular accommodation of the proprietors of the lots in each square respectively, and may by the unanimous consent of the proprietors be shut up. All the other alleys, roads and streets delineated in the plat, are appropriated to the use of the citizens and the public in general under the restrictions and reservations hereinafter expressed. And the before named Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, proprietors of the lands delineated in the plat above mentioned, besides the streets, roads and alleys appropriated as aforesaid, do assign, appropriate and make over for the purpose of erecting such public buildings thereon as may be wanted for the use of the town or any religious societies established in it, or for the county or state, the following described tracts of land, containing about eleven acres and a half, bounded as follows: Beginning at a post or station in the plat marked A on Spring Hill, forty-nine feet and a half North of the northeast corner of house lot No. 17; thence running northwardly by the dotted line, as follows: North three chains, north forty-three degrees, west two chains seventy-three links, north seventy-seven degrees, west four chains twenty-six links north, north forty-seven degrees, west two chains fifty links, north twenty-two degrees, west one chain eightysix links, north twenty degrees, east eighty-four links to a point or station at B, on the south side of North street; then west by North street to C, a point or station forty-nine feet and a half east of house lot No. 7; thence south to D, a point or station forty-nine feet and a half north of house lot No. 8; thence to the place of beginning; of which tract so much as shall not be occupied by public buildings of the description aforesaid shall remain a perpetual commonage. Furthermore all the land between the aforesaid dotted line A, B, and the river, and also all the open space between the out lot No. 17 and the river is designed to be left open or uninclosed for the present, but the before named proprietors reserve for themselves and assigns the exclusive right to occupy every part of this tract whenever they think proper for the purpose of erecting mills anti other waterworks, for establishing manufactories, digging stone, iron ore, stone coal, or for any other purpose whatever, provided they shall never interrupt the communication from Spring Hill to that part of the town below by the road before described. Furthermore, the aforesaid proprietors reserve for themselves and assigns the exclusive rightof establishing a ferry or ferries for crossing the Muskingum river from any other part of the town as delineated in this plat, and also for erecting wharfs and stores on the bank of the Muskingum, whenever it may be done, leaving Front street full sixty feet wide. Furthermore, all the streets and roads south of the street which intersects Front street, between house lots Nos. 31 and 35 and the road leading toward Lancaster, the aforesaid proprietors reserve the right of having inclosed, while the house lots and out lots in that quarter remain unsold, and shall not be obliged to open them until they are wanted for the accommodation of the respective purchasers in that quarter.

"Washington county ss. Personally appeared this twenty-seventh day of July, 1801, Rufus Putnam, Increase Mathews and Levi Whipple, signers and sealers of the within instrument, and acknowledged it to be their voluntary act and deed. Before me.

Thus has been shown the original ownership of a good portion of what is now the city of Zanesville - at least of those portions which with their additions have gradually expanded into the Zanesville of to-day. The subdivision of these tracts and the additions which have been made to them are matters of record.

Another town laid out within the present limits of Zanesville, but which never had any corporate existence, was Natchez, so tradition has it, brought into existence in 1806 by Gen. Isaac Van Horne, and bounded about as follows: - " On the east by a line west of the Muskingum river, beginning not far from the Main street bridge, including part of the Pine street hill and extending near the intersection of the National road and the Licking river, and having that stream for its northern boundary and the Muskingum for its eastern boundary." This boundary included " the house built by Henry Crook, in 1797, on the north side of the bluff, near the north end of Pine street." Gen. Van Horne built the second habitation there and Isaac Zane reared a domicile " be-

Born at Alexandria, Va., in October, 1759, we know but little of Mr. Mclntire's early life, other than that he had learned the trade of shoemaking, until in 1789, when we find him at Wheeling, Va., where in December of that year he married Sarah M. Zane. In 1797-8 he, in conjunction with Ebenezer Zane, his fatherin-law, and Jonathan Zane, Ebenezer's brother, cut out a road from Wheeling, Va., to Limestone (now Maysville), Ky., by the way of what is now Zanesville, Lancaster and Chill icothe. P'or his share in this work he received with Jonathan Zane the military warrant for a tract of land one mile square at this point, and located his grant so that the southeast corner of the tract was at about the corner of what is now Seventh and South streets, and extending north and west a mile each way. In 1799 he, with his wife and household effects, moved here and laid out the town of Westbourn, now Zanesville.

He is described as a man who was a little below medium height, rather fleshy, full-faced, rather high forehead, blue eyes, brown hair, wore no beard, weighed between 150 and 160 pounds, and was of pleasant disposition, though quick of temper and strong willed. During the fifteen years of his life which he spent here, he laid out the plans for the future of Zanesville, and at all times was foremost in every undertaking. He laid out the town ; he established the ferry at the foot of Market street ; he opened the first hotel ; he was chiefly instrumental in drawing the state capital here for the sessions of 1810-11 and 1811-12, and was one of the framers of the constitution of our state. Soon after this he embarked upon his gigantic scheme of canal building, which he was engaged in at the time of his death. The results of his labor were seen in after years by Muskingum's citizens, and to-day, after threefourths of a century have rolled by and the third generation occupies the city he founded, the impress of his master hand is still seen, and verily his works live after him.

He died in his stone house, corner of Fountain alley and Second street, July 29, 1815, sincerely mourned and regretted by all who knew him. His remains were laid away in the old grave-yard at the head of Main street, back of where the old high school now stands. The spot was marked by a small marble tablet, bearing an appropriate inscription.* over the grave, and this tablet with its inscription placed beneath it to protect it from the weather. On December 24, 1889, this tomb was opened and all that remained of Zanesville's patron was tenderly placed in a metal casket and removed to the vault which had been built for that purpose, at the home which bears his name. A week later the remains of his daughter, Amelia, were placed beside those cf her father in the vault. Patron of the city, builder of its prosperity, frontiersman, landlord, ferryman, philanthropist, representative and leader among men, his memory shall be kept green while the printed page endures.

The first white settlement within the territory now occupied by the city of Zanesville, occurred in 1794, when Joseph F. Moore, Herman Blannerhasset and Dudley Woods came here and established a trading post. Their cabin was erected about where the office of the Pataskala mills now stands, in the Seventh ward. Here for several years they carried on a successful business with the Indians in furs, which were of a superior quality, and which they carried by canoes to Marietta and Pittsburg.

In May, 1796, congress passed an act authorizing Ebenezer Zane to make a road through Ohio from Wheeling to Limestone, (now Mayville, Ky.) For said service congress granted Zane the right to locate military warrants upon lands not to exceed one mile square each at the crossings of each of the three principal streams crossed, providing, however, that he should establish and maintain during the pleasure of congress a ferry at each of these said crossings. In 1797, Zane, with his brother Jonathan, and his brother-in-law, John Mc- Intire, started out and blazed the road as specified. It was but a rude affair and consisted of blazing the trees along the way and clearing out an occasional dense undergrowth, to make the new road passable for horsemen.

Completing their labors, Ebenezer Zane gave to his brother Jonathan and John Mclntire the tract located at the crossing of the Muskingum, - it being hilly and poorer than either of the other two tracts, and therefore thought to be the least valuable. As a ferry had to be established at once, Zane and Mclntire gave it to William McCulloch and Henry Crooks for a period of five years upon the condition that they would at once move here and maintain it, which they did; - their ferry outfit consisting of two canoes with sticks lashed across them.

Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire laid out a village upon the present site of Zanesville, which was named Westbourn. In May, 1800, Mclntire moved here with his family, having come on a flat boat from Wheeling. The flat boat used by him to make the trip was subsequently used as a ferry boat. In 1802, a regular postoffice was established here, and the postmaster-general named it Zanesville, Westbourn soon after being dropped as a name for the village, and the name of the postoffice being adopted in its stead. Zanesville soon became the most important point in Ohio, and emigration to this point was rapid. The prosperous settlement at this time boasted of a general store, but had no tavern, and travelers were compelled to spend their nights in a grog-shop of the town, being there allowed to spread their blankets upon the floor and sleep.

Mclntire, for sake of public accommodation opened his cabin to the public and Zanesville at last had a hotel. The cabin was located at what is now the corner of Market and Second streets, a few rods from the river bank, in an open maple grove. It was a pleasantly shaded spot, and in full view of the falls, and Mclntire was able to furnish his guests with good comfortable beds. He also had window glass brought from Wheeling, and it is but just to say that these accommodations, through in a log cabin, were such as to render the hostelry a most welcome resting place to the traveler, and at one time it sheltered a no less distinguished personage than Louis Philippe, king of France, and his party. This noted cabin remained until 1857, when it was taken down by William Culbertson at the order of the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Co., and portions of it were preserved by that organization.

In 1802, David Harvey opened a tavern on the corner of Third and Main streets, which was the first shingled house in Zanesville. In 1804, the legislature established the county, and the commissioners appointed selected Zanesville for the county seat. At this time the town was a comparative forest, and, previous to the coming of the commissioners, the citizens turned out and cut the brush from the streets, and especially from the public square, to make it appear at its best advantage to the commissioners, as Coshocton and Dresden were no mean rivals at this time, and both were candidates.

In 1803, the unappropriated military tracts were brought into the market, and a land office was established here, and although the town was making rapid improvements, it was not until 1813 that all the lands were taken up. The nearest county seat at this time was Marietta, on the Ohio river. The first court held in the county met at Harvey's tavern in 1804, but a jail was erected soon after this, and also a wooden building - the lower portion of which was used as the sheriff's residence and the upper as a court room and a place of public meeting, both political and religious. This jail was set on fire by a prisoner and totally destroyed.

As early as 1807-8, the subject of the removal of the state capital to this point was being agitated. The seat of government was at this time located at Chillicothe, but for several reasons members of the legislature were dissatisfied, and it was known that a change of location was desired by them.

Muskingum's natural advantages for agriculture and manufacture, and Zanesville's prospects for becoming a large town, combined with her central position in the state, rendered it a desirable site for the state metropolis.

Believing that if the temporary capital could be secured here it would be made permanent, a delegation petitioned the legislature to remove the capital to Zanesville, setting forth that the county of Muskingum would, at its own expense, furnish suitable buildings for the legislature and state officers. Receiving assurances that their wishes should be gratified, the county at once began the erection of a new brick building before the old jail and court house. The building was designed for a double object: if the state house was a failure, it would still serve as a fine new court house. The county, however, was without sufficient funds to complete the structure, and it was not until the summer of 1810 that the citizens came forward and loaned the money to complete the buildings. A smaller building was also erected for the secretary of state and treasurer. The sessions of 1810-1 1 and 181 1-12 were held in the new buildings, and for nearly two years Zanesville flourished as the state capitol. The permanent location having been decided upon, however, and the Chillicothe interest once more prevailing, the temporary capitol was returned to that point while suitable buildings were being erected at Columbus, and Zanesville resumed the modest dignities of a county scat; the state house becoming the county court house, and the secretary of state's office became the county jail, for which it was used until 1824, when the new jail was built and the office turned over to the county clerk and auditor for offices. In this capacity the buildings erected for the state house were used until in 1874, when they gave way to the present elegant temple of justice which was dedicated in May, 1877.

Elias Hughes and family came in the spring of 1798. On the 7th of April the wife of William McCulloch gave birth to a son - Noah Zane McCulloch. The McCulloch cabin stood about where the canal and the south side of Main street intersect. The trading post was rapidly assuming the dignity of a white settlement. October 7, 1798, the postmaster-general recognized the claim of the citizens to mail facilities, and by contract authorized the transportation of mail to and from this point and at the same time, in compliment to Mr. Zane, changed the name from Westbourn to Zanestown. Henry Crook came not long afterwards and lived with McCulloch until he completed his cabin, somewhere in what is now the seventh ward, during the winter of 1798-99. Mr. Crooks' brother Andrew and his wife and family joined him soon after. Until then Mrs. Henry Crooks had been the only white woman this side of Lancaster. Soon after came John Bland, Henry Smith and a man named Priest and their families from "the Kenawha country."

It was in 1799 that John Mclntire built his cabin, already referred to, in a beautiful maple grove at the southwest corner of Second and Market streets. Of the structure, Mrs. Charles G. Goddard has said: "John Mclntire cut down the trees and hewed nearly all the logs, shaped saplings into rafters, split scantling for door and window frames, etc. The window glass, the first used here, was brought from Wheeling, Virginia. The house was not finished until the spring of 1800, and was quite a mansion for those days. It is due to Mr. Mclntire and lady to say that these accommodations, though in a log cabin, were such as to render their house to travelers' a home." Having established themselves in their forest home, they dispensed hospitality with a liberal hand, all within sound of the dinner horn being welcome to their table. Mrs. Mclntire was a notable housewife and splendid cook. They were forced to entertain strangers passing through the new settlement until a hotel was opened. They had the honor of entertaining Louis Philippe when he was an exile traveling through the wilds of the United States. So impressed was he with Mrs. Mclntire's personality and surroundings that, after he became king of Lrance, he inquired of an American traveler about the lady who had entertained him so royally in the forests of America. Mrs. Mclntire, having held herself in readiness, joined her husband in the fall of 1800. She, with her escorts, goods and chattels, came by the Ohio and Muskingum rivers, their means of transportation being boats dug out of solid logs. At night, the emigrants landed and camped on the banks of the river. The forest was full of wild animals, and perhaps an Indian might be seen lurking among the trees. But Mrs. Mclntire was equal to the emergency, rather enjoying the adventure. She brought with her the side-board and "chest of drawers," now in the John Mclntire children's home. The furniture was made by her brother-in-law, John Burkhart, a resident of Wheeling, formerly of Baltimore, Maryland, an artist in his line of business.

John Green, later known as "General" Green, came in the fall of 1799 and lived with McCulloch during the winter. In April, 1800, he brought his family from Wheeling. They were accompanied by Abraham McCulloch. Green and McCulloch each had a four horse team. The latter brought a pair of hand mill-stones for grinding corn, and when the contrivance was in order he permitted his neighbors to use it, greatly to their convenience. Green's double cabin, a story and a half building, with a porch in front and a spacious hall through'the middle, stood at the head of Main street opposite the present Silliman street. It was the scene of the celebration of July 4th, 1800, and ever after that Green's "tavern" was a noted place. John and George Matthews came from Wheeling in October, 1799, and built a mill for grinding corn. It was constructed on board a boat, was anchored at the foot of the fall on the east side of the river, near where the lower bridge now stands, and depended on the current for power. It was carried to Duncan's Falls by a freshet, but was brought back and was in service three years, when it gave place to a " tub mill" with one run of stones, located at Moxahala. Another soon followed at the mouth of Joe's run and a part of it may yet be seen at low water. William Well and Martin Luther Loud Slagor came in 1800. The latter erected a tavern cabin at the northwest corner of Sixth and Main streets, which he leased to Thomas Corderey, who kept open house there for several years. Slagor bought and established a garden, farm and dairy on a small tract of land, the locality of which has since become known as "Slagor Run." Mr. Ingalls built his cabin near John Mclntire's. About 1800-01, John Houck established himself as a tailor in Zanestown. He was elected constable in 1804 and appointed deputy sheriff in 1806. Early in 1801 Dr. Increase Matthews and his brother John opened a store in a cabin at the northwest corner of Main and Third streets. In 1803 the establishment was moved into what has since been called Putnam, at what is now 108 Muskingum avenue. The land now including the Ninth ward was sold at auction by government authority, at Marietta, and Dr. Matthews, raising John Mclntire's bid of $4 per acre by 50 cents, secured it. He was encouraged and backed by his uncle, Gen. Rufus Putnam, and his cousin, Levi Whipple was associated with him in the deal. Later Gen. Putnam became a partner. How they laid out the town of Springfield has been related. The place was named from the spring known as "Lover's Fountain'' and was subsequently re-christened Putnam in honor of Gen. Rufus Putnam. Levi Whipple built his cabin at the mouth of the Licking in 1801 and moved in with his family in the latter part of October, that year. Until 1804 he followed surveying and then engaged in the milling business. Robert Whipple built his cabin in Putnam during 1801 also, and in December Joseph F. Monroe completed a two-story log house at the southeast corner of Second and Main streets, which was the first two-story log house erected in Zanestown. About Christmas, that year, Isaac Zane completed his log cabin at 98 West Main street. Ebenezer Buckingham came probably in 1800 or 1801, some say later. He was a bricklayer and stone mason by trade. He became a state senator and was one of the first fund commissioners of Ohio after the adoption of the canal policy, and was of great public service. He conducted large business interests in Putnam and was drowned in the Muskingum.

Jeffrey Price came, with a young daughter in 1802 and for a time boarded with John Mc- Intire. He kept a store at the southeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, and selling out to John Matthews, in 1806, became postmaster of the town. About this time James Herron began to make brick here. His brother David, a hatter, came soon after, and the two were associated in the latter business. So too, came the blacksmith, Jacob Funk, whose shop was at the northeast corner of Main street and Court alley. Christian Spangler came in the spring of 1803 and put up a blacksmith shop at the northwest corner of Main street and Sewer alley. Spencer Lehew, Peter Mills, Paul Hahn and one Creighton came in 1804. Lehew located in the site of Col. Goddard's office. Mills opened a store a little west of the market house, and Hahn built a large cabin at the northwest corner of Fourth and Canal streets, which was used as a place for amusements.

streets. General Lewis Cass came to the town that year, as did also Elijah Ross. Samuel Goff, a stonemason, came in 1805. In the spring of this year James Culbertson arrived, and on the southeast corner of Fifth and Market streets opened the second hatter's shop in town. N. Stone, a carpenter, and Daniel Stillwell and his family came that year, also, and Isaac Van Horne, Sr., came in company with his uncle, Gen. Isaac Van Horne, from Bucks county, Pa. He was a carpenter and five years later built a frame house at the northeast corner of Potter alley and Main street. That year also came William Craig, another carpenter, who bought a lot at " the crossing" of Fourth and Main streets and erected thereon a hewed log house. This man had a memorable career here. Justice of the peace in 1806, mayor of Zanesville in 1814, an unsuccessful candidate for governor of Ohio in 1814, in 1817 he was appointed collector of taxes and gave bond in the sum of $8,354.08, with James McGuire, James Hampson, James Herron and Jacob Linder as sureties, and, having collected the taxes, he ran away with them, leaving his bondsmen to settle with the commissioners as best they could. His wife followed him, and they located in St. Louis, Mo. Another who is said to have come in 1805, was Elijah Hart, who rented a cabin from Robert Spear near the foot of Main street, and died here in 1807. In 1806, Gen. Isaac Van Horne purchased a lot where the Zane house stands, and built and opened upon it a twostory frame hotel. In 1807 he erected another frame house at the northwest corner of Main and Fourth streets, which became known as the Wickham hotel. David J. Marple, from Bucks county, Pa., was a prominent, and for some years a useful citizen, during the early days. He became involved in financial dishonor and in 1822 went to Texas.

Col. George Jackson, who became member of the legislature and state senator, bought a frame house where the Masonic temple now is. He died in 1829. Judge Samuel Herrick, in 1809, built a substantial frame dwelling on the southwest corner of Third street and Fountain alley, and there lived until he removed to his farm in Wayne township. Later he returned to town and lived on the corner of Orchard and Underwood streets, where lie died March 1, 1852, aged seventy-three. William Langley, cooper, and Richard Brookover lived with their families in a cabin in the rear of the Zane house. Later, Langley built a story-anda-half log cabin in the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Second street, and formally years followed his trade there. Subsequently he built on the northeast corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. In Fountain alley was Richard Brookover's cabin. There he lived for a time, then moved elsewhere in the town. William Stinson, an early comer, engaged in freighting and died in 1838. Joseph Beard, a calico-printer born in England, came from Marietta. His son, William H., became private secretary to Governor Meigs, who, when appointed postmaster-general, took young Beard with him to Washington and gave him an important pooition. At the close of the war of 1812-14, he was chosen to convey the tidings of peace to General Harrison, then in command of the Army of the West, with headquarters at Chillicothe, then the capital of the state. In 1821, he had the contract for carrying the mail between Zanesville and Lancaster. In 1833 he retired to a farm, but died in Zanesville in 1870 aged 86. Hugh and Isaac Hazlett came early to Zanesville. They were merchants, both separately and in partnership. At one time they had a store on the southwest corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street, where they remained until 1808, doing a large business. William Montgomery came in 1806, and Daniel and Allen McClain built for him what some state was the first frame house in Zanesville, though the location is not given. In the summer of the same year came Samuel Chapman, from Marietta, and built for Benjamin Tupper a frame dwelling and store on Front street, now owned by Dr. Nye, which was the second frame house completed in the town.

John Alter, Sr., arrived in 1806, and moved into a log house about where Main and First streets intersect on the north. He was a chair maker, wheelwright and painter, and in time engaged quite extensively in the manufacture of spinning wheels. In the latter line William Calhoun soon opened a competitive establishment. During the same year Thomas Wickham, a carpenter, came from Wheeling, and built in West Zanesville, of stone from the bed of the river just below the present railroad bridge. Later he had a public house at the northwest corner of Main and Second streets. In 1817 he rebuilt a portion of the upper bridge that had fallen into the river. In 1806 there also came Jacob and Frederick Houck and John L. Cochran. Jacob Houck, a stone and brick mason, superintended the building of the "Old 1809" court house. Frederick, also a stone mason, made gloves in the winter months, and also buckskin breeches and vests. Cochran, a carpenter, became market master, collector of taxes and a councilman.

his cabin at 48 South Fifth street. William Launder, William Burnham and James Taylor came in 1808. Launder built a two-story log house on the site afterwards of E. S. Keene's brick residence. Burnham settled in Springfield and kept Burnham's tavern until 1811, when he removed to a frame building on the southeast corner of Main and Second streets, owned by Gen. Isaac Van Horne, and opened the "Golden Ram'' tavern. In 1813 he moved into the old Harvey tavern at the southeast corner of Main and Fourth streets. He died in 1820. In 1808 John Alter, Sr., built a twostory log house on a lot which he purchased from Dr. Mitchell for twelve cane-seated chairs, valued at $75, and in that house John Alter, Jr., was born before the windows were put in. During this year James Linn built his cabin at 41 South Sixth street. In 1809 Alexander McLaughlin, from Pittsburg, Pa., built a brick house on the northeast corner of Sixth and Market streets, which at the time was the finest residence in this part of the country. In 1812 he sold it to Gen. Isaac Van Horne. Removing to Chillicothe in 1819, he came back in a few years and was influential in getting the state capital removed from Zanesville to Columbus. He once owned the land on which it is situated. James Hampson came in April, 1809, and erected the "Old 1809" court house under a contract that had been awarded him. He was a native of Berkeley county, Va., and became prominent here. John S. Parkinson came in 1810 and moved his family into a log house on the northeast corner of Lountain alley and Third street. The facts that have been presented concerning the early settlers of Zanesville have been condensed from the somewhat voluminous writings of Mr. Elijah H. Church, who took a peculiar interest in the developments of his native town and spared no pains in his attempt to preserve the personal reminiscences of its pioneers. To his thoughtful record the complier acknowledges indebtedness also for much that follows.

Pioneers in various branches of commerce and manufacture, some of whom have been mentioned on preceding pages and some of whom, have not, were the following. P'or convenience the various avocations have been arranged in alphabetical order: Mrs. Samuel

1808. Louis Verdan bought him out and added candy manufacture. His successors were Smith & Nefley and Henry Willey. J. Skinner & Co. opened the first book bindery in

1816. They sold it to A. S. Pennington & Co., in 1817 and bought in back in 1819. The first brewery in Zanesville was opened by a Philadelphian, whose name is not recalled, and who sold it in 1807 to George Painter. It was located at the northwest corner of South and Fifth streets. In 1811 Painter sold it to Jacob Young, who abandoned the business in 1815. In November 1813, William Marshall opened a brewery on the site of Power House No. 3, James Boyd was his brewer and he made about 30 barrels per week. In 1815, Barton and Mc- Gowan purchased the concern and converted it into a distillery, In 1816 Joseph Lattimore built a brewery on the site familiar as the location of the pork-packing establishment of Miller & Co.

As late as 1802 burial cases were made of bark lined with leaves and dry grass and fastened together with withes. In that year, the first coffin was made here of boards, in which to bury the first wife of Increase Mathews. The second was made a little later for Gracie, daughter of Andrew Crooks. Both were made by Richard McBride. Early carpenters were Messrs. Lewis and Smith, who came in 1801. John Van Horne, William Craig, Thomas Morehead, David J. Marple, N. Stone, Daniel and Allen McLain, John A. Cochran, Samuel Chapman, Richard Brookover, Gilbert Blue, Joseph Hocking, James Hampson, William Blocksom, a Mr. Fracker and James Millis. Carpet weaving was first done here in 1812. In 1818 James Covington was doing carpet weaving a mile and a half west of Putnam. In the same year Moses Dillon erected woolen mills at the mouth of the Licking, and put in a patent loom for making all-wool ingrain carpets of a style known as the "rose and thistle" pattern. As early as 1809 Richard and George Reeve, Sr., were engaged in clockmaking on Third street. They made the old time tall case clocks, - one for Dr. Increase Mathews one for John McGuire, and one for L. P. Bailey. About 1815 the firm removed to 92 Main street, and they were subsequently succeeded by Harry Safford and Charles Dickinson. During that year Francis Cleveland and John Bliss were in the business on Main street opposite the court house. Charles Hall was in their employ and subsequently formed a partnership with A. C. Ross in the jewelry and watchmaking business. They were also expert copperplate engravers and made many of the old "shin-plaster" plates. The first distillery was built on Mill run, by Spencer Lahew, in 1808. In 1813 Barton & McGowan had a distillery on the site of Power House No. 3. In 1815 Valentine Best paid a tax of $566.79 for manufacturing whisky. Spencer Lahew paid a tax of $1 59.20; Joseph Sheets one of $550.40; and John Sidell one of $332.77. The location of the latter two is not remembered.

In 1819 Thomas L. Pierce started a foundry. Wood & Ebert started a blast furnace, a year earlier, at the mouth of Symmes' creek, where they made pig iron for a few years. Much of this was used in Pierce's foundry and by the Messrs. Reeves in their nail and bar iron works. The business was closed in 1822. The first glass works in Zanesville was duly chartered May 13, 1815, with a capital fixed at $50,000. The concern was known as the White Glass Works and was located at the southwest corner of Third and Market streets. Among the original shareholders were Isaac Van Horne, Samuel Sullivan, Samuel Herrick, Rees Cadwallader, David J. Marple, John Hamm and Ebenezer Buckingham. Samuel Sullivan was president of the company and John Hamm, secretary. Edmond Jones was acting superintendent. Elijah Ross made the blow pipes. In 1816 James Taylor and Alexander Culbertson built a window-glass house opposite the site of the first canal locks, a little south of Slager run. Mr. Culbertson operated there until 1823, when he died, after which Arnold Lippet, Thomas Murdock and Joseph Cassel operated the establishment one after the other.

Among early hatters were David Herron, James Culbertson, James Jennings and a Mr. Malesburg. In Culbertson's shop was made the first silk hat ever manufactured in Zanesville. Among the first to engage extensively in the manufacture of felt hats was Richard Gallagher, who had a shop at the southwest corner of Fifth street and Locust alley. He carried on the business here until 1832. He died that year in Louisville, Ky., while returning from a trading trip down the river. Walter McKinney opened a hat store at 171 Main street in 1817. At 202 Main street James Dutro opened a hat and fur store in 1820. Mathew Ferguson and J. B. Allen began business here in 1820 and 1827 respectively. Rev. Joseph Shepherd was making tombstones in 1812 on North Fifth street near Market. Early stone masons were David Bean, 1799; Ebenezer Buckingham, Sr., 1800; Samuel Goff, a few years later; and Jacob Houck, Thomas Goff. "Billy" Goff, Daniel Hatton, Elijah H. Church and John P. Coulton.

Brick v^as first made in 1802 by James Herron. Later Brazilla Rice vras in the business. Joseph Whitney burned brick in 1803. John Lee had a brickyard near North Underwood street and there burned the brick used in the "Old 1809" courthouse. From about iSiOand later on, Capt. James Parkinson was an extensive brickmaker, on his farm on the Marietta, road, two miles and a half southeast of Zanesville. The pioneer floating mill of John Mathews has been referred to. According to E. H. Church, "In the fall of 1801 the Springfield company built a wing dam on the second falls, leaving the Zanesville shore open for boats to pass, and then built a grist and saw-mill. The contract was let December 9th, that year to John Sharp, for $200 cash and three gills of whiskey daily until the job was completed." The first large grist mill in this part of the country was the Moxahala mill, completed in 1803 or 1804 by John Mathews. It was located at the falls of Jonathan's creek, * * and people came from twenty-five and thirty miles around to this mill. In 1806 John Mclntire built a mill race (north of Hatcher & Co.'s coffin factory) and a saw-mill. Daniel McLain and David Urie dug the race, which filled with sand every time the river was up, so that the mill was not a success. * * * During 1816, a company was formed, composed of Col. Andrew Jackson, Nathan Finley, Jeremiah Dare, Daniel Convers, Jeffrey Price, James Taylor, Thomas L. Pierce, Samuel Thompson, Christian Spangler, Isaac Hazlett and Alexander Adair, under the firm name of Jackson & Co., to build a mill. This company, in 1817, completed a mill on the west side of the Muskingum, just north of the mouth of Licking. It contained two runs of stones for grinding wheat and one for making corn meal. A sawmill and a linseed oil mill were subsequently attached. The oil mill was operated by Richard Fairlamb. Jackson operated the principal mill until near the time of his death, 1836. It was a three story frame building, and the builders were Robert Fulton, Isaac Hazlettand Daniel Convers. It was torn down in 1840-41. In 1818-19 the Granger mill was built by James Granger, father of Hon. M. M. Granger, on a site near the head of the canal and the old dam, just north of the Cassel mill. The building was 80x50, three stories, and had four runs of stones and a capacity of 100 barrels per day. An addition of 99x30 and two stories was added in 1822 and two more runs of stones. Many farmers came 60 and 70 miles to mill, and sold their wheat for 25 cents per bushel to get money to pay for their land. This was the only market in southeastern Ohio. The Granger mill burned down August 9, 1829, and was not rebuilt. * * * The Ballantine & in 1835 was converted into a flour mill and run as such for two years, when it stood idle until 1842. At that time William Beaumont rented it for one year. About 1845, it was converted into a white lead works, which was short lived. The building was burned in the spring of 1853."

Mr. Church says: "The first man in Zanesville to make a business of manufacturing nails was John Hough, who opened his shop at the foot of Main street in 1814." The Zanesville Express and Republican of December 8, 1819, contained the following: "R. & G. Reeve inform the public that their rolling mill and nail factory are in operation (located at the east end of the upper bridge), and that they have an assortment of rolled iron and nails, which they will sell as low and on as good terms as they can be purchased in the Western country." Of this enterprise, Mr. Church wrote thus: "Richard Reeve and George

Reeve, Sr., constructed a rude machine for the manufacture of cut nails, which was operated by horsepower. This establishment was located on the south side of Main, near Sixth street, until 1819, when the machinery was removed to the corner of Main and River streets, where water power was used. The machine was similar to those now in use, but was not adapted to heading, which was done by hand. The iron used proved too brittle to work to advantage, and the business was abandoned in 1825-26.

Samuel Sullivan, of Philadelphia, early came here and, building a moderate-sized kiln, made red-ware, including cups and saucers and other household articles. October 9, 1811, James Keller engaged in the manufacture of cordage, rope and twine. In the Zanesville Express of January 13, 1819, appeared the following commenced the manufacture of cordage of all kinds, and will keep constantly on hand cables, well-ropes, bedcords, ploughlines, clotheslines, sacking lacings, twines, carpet chain, fishing, chalk and trout lines. N. B. - Highest price paid for hemp delivered at my place, next door to J. S. Dungan's hotel, Main street." A. P. Westbroad was the advertiser. Mr. Church says: " In 1817 Capt. James Hampson had a salt well and furnace at the mouth of Mill run. The well was bored during that year; Samuel Clark, an energetic boy, helped to bore the well. Captain Hampson operated the furnace in 1820, and for five or six years later." December 5, 1817, Thomas L. Pierce advertised as follows: "Salt. - The subscriber will sell goosequill merchants of Putnam." Here was competition carried into the realm of personal detraction. In 1818, Pierce and G. A. Hall sunk a salt well on the edge of the Mclntire saw-mill race, near the south end of Second street, but the water was too weak to yield profitably. A salt well was put down in 1819 by Alexander Culbertson, at the site of the lower canal locks. This well was 300 feet deep, and a hollow tree three feet in diameter and ten feet long was used for a reservoir. The kettles used in boiling were made at the foundry of Thomas L. Pierce, who obtained the iron from Dillon's falls. Mr. Culbertson did not make a very large quantity of salt any one year, but kept the works in operation until his death. The price of salt at the works ranged from $1.32 to $1.35 perbushel. The Express of January 13, 1819, contains the following advertisement: "Salt at $1.50 per bushel at Ayres' salt works, eight miles below Zanesville, on the Muskingum river. We are now making thirty bushels a day and when our kettles are in operation (which we are now putting in) we shall make eighty bushels per day. All persons that have to cross the river for salt at our works shall be ferried free of expense." Signed, "Jacob Ayres & Co." The following were early shoemakers here: One Smith came in 1800. John Cain came in 1802. In those days shoemakers worked from house to house. Joseph Church came from Bucks county, Pa., in 1807, and in the spring of 1808 opened the first boot and shoe shop in town. Solomon Deffenbaugh opened the second in 1808, and that year Timothy Gaylord came. In 1816 William and Aaron Kirk came, and about the same time William Luck and John Burwell. James Martin came in 1817, and later came Henry Ford, Peter Greaves, William Love, William Twaddle, James Milton, Jacob Walters, Henry Vincell, John Thompson, Thomas Hill ier, Zacharias and Elijah Taylor, Jacob Stout, Fdias Pike, William Forgraves, George Maneely and S. S. Mann. Daniel Prouty began the manufacture of soap and candles in 1 8 1 1, on the river bank, between Fifth and Sixth streets. In 1815 the works were sold to N. & C. Wilson. Fber Mcrriam was engaged in making soap in 1815. Three years later the Muskingum Manufacturing Company, a stock company, was organized with Mr. Merriam, Ephraim Abbott and Nathaniel Wilson as stockholders. The concern made soap and pearlash, first at the foot of Market street, and later atthe footof Fifth street. In 1802 Reuben Jennings started the first tanyard, and two years later sold it to Levi Chapman. Moses Morehead and Joseph Robertson opened a tannery nearthe town in 1806. In 1814 Mr. C. Robertson sold his interest to his partner. James Culbertson (hatter), in 1809, started a tannery and did and extensive business until his death, about 1822, when the concern, located at the northeast corner of Fifth and Market streets, passed into the hands of his sons Alexander and Samuel.

Green's tavern was built during the winter of 1799, Cordery's tavern was early kept in the old Slager house at the northwest corner of Sixth and Main streets. Harvey's tavern, at the southeast corner of Third and Main streets, was opened in the fall of 1800, and was a famous hostelry in its time. Robert Taylor opened a tavern at the southwest corner of Ninth and Main streets in 1805. Two years later he removed to a frame house on a portion of the ground now occupied by the Clarendon hotel, where he made the " Orange Tree" sign famous. Paul Hahn opened a tavern in a new log cabin at the corner of I7ourth and Canal streets, in 1805. In 1806 Nathaniel Roberts opened a public house in a frame building that had been built by William Montgomery the previous year, on the northeast corner of Sixth and Main streets. His sign was the " Rising Sun." It passed into the hands of C. Pratt, in 1808, and he named it the "Red Lion."

In 1816 it was known as the " General Washington house," and was kept by Thomas Flood. The first court ever held in the county convened in Harvey's tavern, as is elsewhere related. The legislature made the "Orange Tree" its headquarters in 1810-12. The " General Washington "was a favorite resort of Virginians and " democratic-republicans." The house erected on the northeast corner of Main and Fifth streets by Gen. Isaac Van Horne became known as the " Wickham hotel," and it continued to be so known even after it had been removed to the southwest corner of Main and Fourth streets. John S. Dugan, in 1818, built a threestory brick house near the southwest corner of Fifth and Main streets, and there established a hotel which, underhis administration, was called the "Green Tree," and under the name of the "National hotel," was later kept by Harry Orndorff, of whom John Greiner has rhymefully written: three-story brick hotel in 1806, on the site of the C. E. Munson residence, Putnam. It had a dancing hall and concert room. The first landlord was William Burnham, who, in 1 8 1 1 , removed to the southwest corner of Second and Main streets, where, in a building owned by Gen. Van Horne, he kept the tavern designated by the sign of the "Merino Ram." Benoni Pierce, in 1806, kept the hotel built by Gen. Van Horne on the Zane house site, and in that year was succeeded by James Reeve, who kept it as the " Western Star," until 1814. At the "Green Tree," kept by John S. Dugan, on the southeast corner of Fourth and Main streets, numerous distinguished guests were entertained, among them President Monroe, accompanied by Hon. Lewis Cass, and Gen. Brown, commander-in-chief of the United States army; and Gen. McComb, with two men in livery, were once quartered there. In that house in 1820, was given an entertainment for the benefit of the Greeks, who were in rebellion against the Turks, and there, too, Julia Dean, the afterward popular actress, made her debut. In 1807 Peter Speck, Benoni Pearce, Jacob Good, Andrew Moon, John Gardner, Charles Williams, Paul Hahn, Michael Hoffman, Thomas Knowles, George Heap and Thomas Ward were recommended as "fit and proper persons to keep public houses of entertainment at their respective places in Zanesville and Muskingum county."

George Dulty began business as a tin-and copper-smith in 1809, and his first, or about his first, job was making the ball that ornamented the top of the cupola of the "Old 1809" court house. In 1811 he was succeeded by his brother John, and went to Wheeling. Soon John followed him, and did not return until after the close of the war of 1812-14, when he came back to Zanesville and resumed business. J. L. Cochran engaged in business as a tobacconist on Main street, between Sixth and Sewer alley, in the spring of 1817. During that year, Thomas Adams, James Crosby and Thomas L. Pierce began to make scythes, sickles, axes, etc., in West Zanesville. Their wares were as good as the best, but there was a local prejudice against them, which the wily manufacturers ignored by shipping their products to Pittsburg and having them branded "Pittsburg Manufacturing Company" and thence shipped back to Zanesville and other Western towns, where they found a remunerative market. This business was abandoned, however, after a time. In 1818 John Mackey announced in the Muskingum Messenger that he had established himself as an auger manufacturer, "opposite the pottery of

Judge Sullivan, in Zanesville." In 1819 William McCurdy was making augers, edge-tools, hoes, etc., at the corner of Fountain alley and Fifth street. Later he sold out to William Langley.

In June, 1810, the Putnam Manufacturing Company put in operation three wool-carding machines at their factory in Putnam. Two of these were for carding common and one for carding Merino wool. Jeremiah Dare was in charge. Mr. Dare and his family were later connected with this interest and will be referred to in a subsequent chapter. In October, 1817, George Brooke called the attention of the public, through the Zanesville Express , to the fact that he had "taken the clothing works at the mouth of Licking creek, West Zanesville, the property of Isaac Dillon to full, dye and dress woolen goods." William Johnson leased the wool-carding machine of Mr. Dillon in 1819, as also appears from the Express.

Isaac Zane built the first dam at Zanesville about 1810, across the Licking, under advice of Jonathan Zane, his father, who, when it was completed, sold it to Moses Dillon & Sons, depriving the young man of his interest in the enterprise, it is said, and leaving him $ 2,000 in debt. The next dam was provided for in a charter granted February 21, 1812, to John Mclntire and his associates. The site designated was "above the Licking, at a point nearly opposite Market street."

About 1803, Peter Miser opened a blacksmith shop in Springfield. Philip Munch and John Balthis came during the next two years. In 1805, I. Newell established the first tannery in that part of the city. Horace Nye had his tannery on the side hill, about the southwest end of Adams street, and obtained water from a spring near by. Levi Chapman's tannery was about where the bridge abutments were built, in "Chap's run," and near by was his barkhouse about 1820. Muskingum bank was chartered in 1813 and was located on the southwest corner of Muskingum and Putnam avenues. Its first president was Gen. Isaac Van Horne, its first cashier D. J. Marple. It did business until about 1846, and at that time Alvah Buckingham was president and B. H. Buckingham cashier. The Putnam Manufacturing Company was organized in 1815 for the manufacture of cotton, under a charter that fixed its capital stock at $5,000, with authority to increase it to $100,000. The factory was between the Whipple mill and the west end of the lower bridge. After it had been in operation a few years it was gold to Joseph R. Thomas. Another concern which passed into the possession of Thomas was the woolen mill started in 1815 by

Whipple & Putnam and also known as the "clothing works." For two years it was under the superintendency of Samuel H. Raymonton, and in October, 1817, was leased to George E. "Clapp, who referred to it as a "cloth dressing and dyeing works."

By his generous activity in all things relating to the welfare of the community, Gen. Rufus Putnam had greatly endeared himself to the people, so that in 1814, when it became advisable to change the name of Springfield, his name was given to the settlement as a welldeserved compliment, and the prominent citizens met at Gen. Putnam's residence to publicly confer upon him this mark of appreciation. This chapter brings the history of Zanesville in a general way down to about 1820. In succeeding chapters, special matters will be taken up, and in others the general history of the city as a whole will be brought down to the present year.

Municipal Affairs Of Zanesville

AN act to incorporate the town of Zanesville was passed January 21, 1814, and its first section reads as follows: " Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Ohio, that all that part of the town of Zanesville, in the county of Muskingum, included in the original plat thereof, now on record in the county of Washington, together with all the additional lots since added thereto on the east side of the river Muskingum, and now on record in the county of Muskingum, be, and the same is hereby, erected into a town corporate, and shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of the Borough of Zanesville, subject, however, to such alterations and regulations as the legislature may from time to time think proper to make." The remaining twelve sections of this act provide for the election of officers ; the judges of election were to be elected viva voce ; the oath and manner of conducting the election were defined ; the corporation might sue and be sued ; might have a common seal ; the trustees might fill vacancies and make by-laws ; provided no laws should ever be made by them " subjecting cattle or hogs not belonging to the inhabitants of said borough to be taken up and sold for coming within the bounds of said corporation " ; the trustees were authorized to lay a tax, provided the tax so laid in any one year should "not exceed one-half per cent, of the value thereof"; it was provided that the town marshal should be the collector ; the manner of collecting tax was prescribed ; the amount of the treasurer's bond was designated ; appeals were allowed to court ; imprisonments were regulated. This act was signed by John Pollock, speaker of the house of representatives, and Othniel Looker, speaker of the senate. " An act defining the limits of the corporation of Zanesville" was passed January 26, 1818 ; an act to amend the act last mentioned was passed February 5, 1825; an act to enlarge the corporate limits of the town of Zanesville was passed March 18, 1839. All of these acts were repealed by the act creating the city of Zanesville, which now demands space here.

By an act passed by the forty-eighth general assembly of the state of Ohio, March 19, 1850, so much of the county of Muskingum as was comprised within the limits of and designated on the records of said county as Zanesville township, according to the recognized boundaries thereof, was declared to be a city, and the inhabitants thereof were created a body corporate and politic with perpetual succession, by the name and style of the city of Zanesville. The act divided the city into four wards, as follows: "Commencing in the center of the National road at the intersection of said road with the eastern boundary of said township, and extending westwardly with the center of the same road to its intersection with Fountain alley; thence westwardly with the center of said alley to the middle of the Muskingum river; all that part of the said township of Zanesville lying south of the above described line and west of the center of Cypress alley and of the line of the center of said alley, extending south to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the First ward. All that part of the said township lying north of the first described line and west of the center of Cypress alley and of the line of the center of said alley, extending north to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Second ward. All that part of the said township lying south of the first described line and east of the center of Cypress alley and of the line thereof, extending south to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Third ward. All that part of the said township lying north of the first described line and east of the center of Cypress alley and of the line thereof, extending north to the middle of the Muskingum river, shall comprise the Fourth ward." The act provided that the mayor of the city of Zanesville should be elected on the third Monday of the following April and on the first Monday in April annually thereafter, and should hold office for the term of one year. It was further provided that "the qualified electors of each ward in the city shall, on the third Monday in April next, and annually thereafter on the first Monday in April, elect by ballot three members of the city council who shall be residents of the ward »n which they shall be elected; and the members so elected from all the wards shall, when assembled and duly organized, constitute the city council, a majority of whom shall be necessary to form a quorum for the transaction of business; they shall be judges of elections in their respective wards, and the qualifications of their own members; they shall prescribe the place and fix the time of holding their meetings not herein otherwise provided for, and shall determine the rules of their proceedings and keep a journal thereof which shall be open to the inspection of every citizen, and may compel the attendance of absent members. The mayor and councilmen so elected shall meet in the council chamber, as designated for that purpose in the city, on the fourth Monday of April next, and annually thereafter on the second Monday in April, and after having taken the oath of office before some judicial officer, the councilmen shall have power to appoint a city clerk, treasurer, marshal, clerk of the market, assessors, bell weigher, city surveyors, street commissioners, health officers, weighers of hay, measurers of wood and coal, wharf masters, gaugers, sextons, and such other officers, whose appointment or election is not herein otherwise provided for, as shall be necessary for the good government of the city and the due exercise of its corporate powers and which shall be provided for by ordinance, and all city officers whose term of service is not prescribed and whose powers and duties are not defined in and by this act, shall perform such duties, exercise such powers and continue in office for such' term of time, not exceeding one year, as shall be prescribed by ordinance." Other necessary provisions of no historical interest were made. It was signed by Benjamin F. Leiter, speaker of the house of representatives, and Charles C. Convers, speaker of the senate.

The village of Putnam was incorporated in 1835, and the first meeting of the council was held July 4, that year. The first mayor was William H. Moore. Joseph R. Thomas was first recorder. In 1871, the last year preceding the annexation to the city of Zanesville, Dr. J. Erwin was elected mayor and W. E. Guthrie, recorder. The village of West Zanesville was incorporated in 1869, and Henry Peters was elected mayor, and Imri Richards, recorder. October 11, 1870, a special election was held in Zanesville, which resulted as follows: For annexation of Putnam to Zanesville - "Yes," 1,818 votes; "No," 49 votes, and for annexation of West Zanesville to Zanesville - "Yes," 1,939 votes; " No," 34 votes. February 28, 1870, an ordinance was passed by the city council of Zanesville, applying to the county commissioners for the privilege of annexing certain contiguous territory. This ordinance described, by metes and bounds, South Zanesville, with all its additions. The county commissioners met, May 18, 1870, for the purpose of considering this application, and granted it. June 1, 1870, a transcript of the proceedings of the county commissioners was filed with the city council. August 1, 1870, the council created the seventh ward of the city of Zanesville out of the territory above described. An ordinance to annex the incorporated village of West Zanesville to the city of Zanesville, passed October 24, 1870, is recorded as follows: " Be it ordained by the city council of the city of Zanesville, that the terms and conditions of the annexation of the incorporated village of West Zanesville to the city of Zanesville, submitted to the city council by the commissioners appointed by the city council of the city of Zanesville to arrange the terms and conditions of said annexation, be, and the same are hereby, approved by the city council of the city of Zanesville. That the incorporated village of West Zanesville be, and it is hereby, annexed to the city of Zanesville, on the terms and conditions arranged by commissioners and submitted to the city council for approval. This ordinance shall be in force and take effect from and after the 10th day of November, 1870." An ordinance to annex the incorporated village of Putnam to the city of Zanesville, passed April 22, 1872, is worded thus: " Be it ordained by the city council of the city of Zanesville, that the terms and conditions of the annexation of the incorporated village of Putnam to the city of Zanesville, submitted to the city council by the commissioners appointed by said city to arrange the terms and conditions of said annexation be, and the same are hereby, approved by the city council of said city. The incorporated village of Putnam is hereby annexed to the city of Zanesville, on the terms and conditions arranged by the city council for approval. This ordinance shall take effect from and after the publication thereof." Cliffwood and that portion of Putnam south of it, were included in this annexation, as was also that portion to the west line and north of Muskingum avenue, being the north line of said corporation. May 6, an ordinance was passed constituting this annexed territory the Ninth ward of the city of Zanesville.

The wards of the city, ten in number, are thus bounded: First ward is bounded on the east by Sixth street, south and west by the Muskingum river, and north by Fountain alley. Second ward is bordered west and north by the Muskingum river, east by Seventh from the river to Howard and by Sixth from Howard to Fountain alley, south by Fountain alley. Third ward comprises all of the city east of Sixth street and the Muskingum river and south of the line of South street. Fourth ward includes all east of Sixth street and between Market street and the line of South street. Fifth ward includes all east of Sixth street and between Market street on the south and Kelley street and the line of Spring and Plast Spring on the north. Sixth ward, all of the city east of Seventh street and the Muskingum river, and north of Kelley street and the line of Spring and East Spring streets. Seventh ward is west of the Muskingum river and south of the Licking, and is west of Limestone ave. and Mathews street.. Eighth ward is west of the Muskingum river and north of the Licking, it lies south of Washington avenue, Blue avenue, Moorehcad avenueand Parkstrcet. Ninth ward is west of the Muskingum river and east of Limestone avenue and Mathews street. Tenth ward includes all the territory west of the Muskingum river and north of Washington avenue, Blue avenue, Moorehead avenue and Park street.

"Secretary of State Boorman, '' says the Columbus State Journal, "has made the following classification of Ohio cities according to law under the last Federal census: First grade, first class, Cincinnati; second grade, Cleveland; third grade, Toledo. The second grade, first class, Columbus; second grade, Dayton; third grade, Springfield, Akron, Chilicothe, Hamilton, Portsmouth, Sandusky, Steubenville, Youngstown and Zanesville; fourth grade, Alliance, Bellaire, Bucyrus, Canton, Circleville, Defiance, Delaware, East Liverpool, Fremont, P'indlay, Fostoria, Gabon, Gallipolis, Greenville, Ironton, Lancaster, Lima, Marietta, Mansfield, Marion, Martin's P'erry, Massillon, Mt. Vernon, Newark, Norwalk, Piqua, Pomeroy, Salem, Tiffin, Troy, Urbana, Warren, Washington, Wellston, Wellsville, Wooster and Xenia.

Until 1841 the water used by the inhabitants of Zanesville was obtained from wells and springs, of which latter a goodly number existed throughout the territory of the present city, notably the old Carlow spring, at the head of Fountain alley, from which vast quantities were hauled and sold to the people. Prominent among the first to conceive of water works on an extensive and improved scale were Joseph and William Galligher, Thomas Davidson, John Adams and James Crosby, all of whom are deceased. From an old yellowleaved journal in the office of the water works, is extracted the following interesting entry, which was made by Town Clerk James Crosby, and bears date July 10, 1841 ;

" Sundries Dr. To loan from Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Company. For the sum borrowed from them by the town of Zanesville for 24 years from first of January, 1842, at an interest of 6 per cent, per annum, commencing this day and payable semi-annually - viz. , on the first days of January and July each and every year per bond given them, a correct copy of which is to be found in minute book ' D ' of the council, pages 333 to 341 inclusive, for erecting water works and other purposes in the town of Zanesville, Muskingum bank; this sum being D. C. Conver's check deposited on the 17th inst. to the credit of the president, recorder and trustees of the town of Zanesville, for which said institution is to allow 4 per cent, interest for all balances which may remain in its possession, $30,497.05. Ohio State Script. The amount of O. S. Script bearing an interest of 6 per cent, per annum, deposited in said bank for safe keeping, $8,946.13 (savings bank of Zanesville), total, $39,442.18."

From this loan sprang the present system of water works and it was the first city bond issued for water works purposes, for which reasons it is here given in its entirety. August 28, 1841, appears the next entry:

" Sundries Dr. To William Gallagher for the following sums paid by him per order drawn by secretary , Contingent Flxpenses. Paid Arnold Tippet's bill, stationery, $25.00 ; per shovels bought of Fillmore, paper and postage, $4.56 ; compensation to Mr. Powell for his visit from Wheeling, by invitation from the council, and general information received from him respecting water works, $25.00 ; for one stopcock and one fire plug received from J. Powell, Wheeling, by order received Sept. 1, $70,00 ; cart and carriage therefrom, paid P. Printz & Co., $2.35 ; total, $127.91."

During the winter of 1841-42 the work, under the able management of Thomas Davidson, (to whom more than to any other individual was due the success of the enterprise) was pushed forward in an energetic manner. Witchcraft & Prosser were the contractors for the power house, which is now the " Pearl mills " ; they also built the reservoir on the hill at the head of South street, with Monahan & Co., as contractors for the excavating. This reservoir had a division made of heavy timbers running through the center of it, thus making two distinct reservoirs and was built at a cost of $5,672.01.

During the summer and fall of 1842 the work progressed rapidly and was finished in the early spring of 1843. It may, in this connection, be of interest to state that the first hydrant was located 142 feet south from the corner of the alley on Main street, between Sixth and Seventh, south side. May 18, 1843, the first water rents were collected by John Anthony, who at that time was acting in the capacity of superintendent and collector of w'ater rents. His collections the first day were $36.00; the second day, $11.25; the third day, $8.00. Meantime new consumers were reporting at the office, as there is a list of twenty-one names of citizens as new water-takers who called at the office during May, 1843, and paid bills. Their payments aggregated $38.52, which amount plus the cash turned in by Col- lector Anthony made a grand total of $93.77. From this time forward each day added new hydrants and new water takers. Extensions went on; new improvements were added as they became necessary; numerous additional fire plugs were put in, and by April, 1844, the whole amount expended for the " Belie view waterworks" (for such they were christened) was $39,066.40. John Anthony was still superintendent and collector of water rents, and James Crosby, secretary, two faithful and efficient public servants. The revenue from all sources for the year ending January 1, 1846, was $1,601.24. January 1, 1847, the revenue reported for the year ending with that date was $1,821.39.

To meet the growing demand of a constantly increasing population an extension of pipe lines and other improvements was necessary, and to meet the expense water works bonds in the sum of $100 and upward were issued bearing interest, some at six, others at seven, and others at eight per cent. In 1851, after Zanesville was incorporated a city, a board of water works trustees was elected. In 1852 a new reservoir was built on Harvey's hill at a cost of $9,952.10, and the old one was abandoned. The receipts for the year ending March 1, 1852, was $4,222.15. From April 1, 1844, to April 1, 1852, the amount paid out on the works was $34,092.54.

March 20, 1856, John Crosby retired from the secretaryship, and was succeeded by George W. Thompson, and Daniel Zeis was employed as assistant superintendent. During the year 1856 the receipts from all sources amounted to $5,032.04. All of this time the city was paying to the state $250 annually to have the water pumped into the reservoir by the state board of public works.

The facilities at this time were inadequate to the needs of the city, and at a meeting of the trustees held January 3, 1865, Mr. Thomas Griffin offered a resolution stating that increased facilities were a necessity, and recommending that the trustees and secretary visit other cities where water works were in vogue for the purpose of obtaining information regarding the construction and capacity of other works, their rentals, etc. This resulted in the erection of a new power house on South street, which increased the bonded indebtedness of the city $139,000. Contracts for this power house were let in the spring of 1867. The cost largely exceeded the estimates; one or more of the contractors failed to perform his allotted part; the excavating was difficult, and much trouble was had to secure a solid foundation;

The old power house on the canal was run in connection with the new till 1873. In 1875 it was stripped of its machinery and abandoned. Here it may be interesting to the reader to state that from July 9, 1842, to November 1, 1875, the city paid to the state board of public works $7,586.70 for power furnished. From March 23, 1868, to February 10, 1872, the corporate limits of the city were extended, taking in a considerable territory with a large population. The people living in the newly created wards were entitled to and demanded like water facilities with the older wards. In fact a contract had been entered into, to encourage annexation, that after a reasonable time water pipes should be laid in their streets.

The water works trustees were true to their agreement, as, in the spring of 1871, the water main was carried across the river to the Eighth ward. Conveying the pipe across the river was a difficult undertaking and it was only made successful by using the flexible joint pipes. After the job was completed and accepted it was found that it had not been done as thoroughly as was desired; for being laid on the mud it interfered with navigation at low water, and in 1873 the moving ice parted the pipe. Subsequently a channel was dredged and the pipe was re-laid, and since there has been no trouble of the kind. The extension to and through the Eighth ward cost $66,008.66. Shortly after this the water was taken across the Licking, above the dam to the Seventh ward. In the spring of 1872 a twelve-inch water main was carried across the river to the Ninth ward. This extension was a long one and cost $59,976.56. In 1873, a line was laid from the Ninth to the Seventh ward by way of Dug road at a cost of $5,053.22. This extension was made necessary for the reason that the pipe crossing the river to the Eighth ward had been broken. This job was promptly finished and the Seventh and Eighth wards were supplied by this new extension.

The year 1872 i-s noted for the agitation of questions looking to vast improvements in the water works, particularly to new water works above the city. This move was made for the purpose of obtaining pure water, as the new works were to be situated above the drainage of the city. The coal supply could be more easily and cheaply obtained, and better fire pro- tection and water facilities given to the population in that part of the city. June, 17, 1872, Superintendent Ebert was commissioned to visit the East and in the large cities learn all he could of their water works systems.

June 18, a joint committee consisting of the Finance committee of the city council and the board of water works trustees were selected to locate the new power house and reservoirs. The site agreed upon for the former was on the railroad near Mill Run bridge; for the latterwas chosen a high point known as Blandy's hill, a tract of land donated by the owner ( Blandy) to the city for water works purposes. To T. B. Townsend was awarded the contracts for excavating the new reservoirs, for building same as well as for nearly all the new work.

July 23, 1872, Supt. Ebert having returned from his Eastern trip, reported to the trustees that he had visited New York City, Jersey City, Newark, N. J., and Philadelphia, Penn., and had made a careful examination of their respective systems. On his recommendation the secretary was directed to order one Worthington duplex pump of a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons every twenty-four hours, to be delivered by November 1st. The following year another pump was purchased which, when put in operation, raised the pumping capacity of the works to 5,000,000 gallons daily.

There being still a large territory east of the city that was too high to be benefited by the existing water service, it became necessary in order to satisfy the demand for "water" to project a plan whereby water could be served to people living on the heights.

Finally, after much agitation, August 23, 1873, the site for the new' power house and stand pipe was located, and to T. B. Townsend was awarded the contracts for building, which were completed in due season,

The machinery at Power House No. 3 (now No. 2.) commenced running November 7, 1873. The citizens now pointed with pride to their magnificent and effective water works. Up to, and including the cost of constructing, these last improvements, the Bellevue water works had created a bonded indebtedness for water works purposes of $398,043.18. During 1872 and 1873 there was expended for water works purposes $203,371.13 and from March 15, 1872 to April 1st, 1882 the amount of money paid out for extensions foot up $137,597.51.

The county infirmary extension adds nearly two miles to the length <3f the pipe lines, and cost the water works $500.00. The county bearing the balance of the expense. This extension is a source of revenue to the water works, both from the rents received from the county, and from water takers along the line. Up to the fall of 1876, beyond paying the regular annual interest, $2,366.60, to the Zanesville Canal and Manufacturing Co., the water works had yielded no revenue over the actual running expenses. But from this time, owing to the increased water rents and the able management of the board of trustees, they were enabled to begin discharging the indebtedness of the works. P'rom Sept. 2, 1876 to January 25, 1882 the debt was reduced $37,000. At the beginning of 1883 the city had 34 miles and 748 feet of water pipe, 158 fire plugs, and 2,485 hydrants.

The following casualties have occurred: In May, 1870, a boiler in Power House No. 1 exploded, killing Gottleib Sterley, fireman, and doing about $2,000 damage to the building. To the widow of Sterley was paid about $2,000. In February, 1871, Sylvester I^bert, an engineer, was caught in the machinery, receiving injuries which proved fatal a few days later. July 4, 1880 Power House No. 3 (now No. 2) was damaged by fire to the amount of $2,158.33.

During the year ending April 1, 1883, there had been laid 15,651 feet of water mains from 4 to 10 inches in diameter, making a total length of mains in the city from 2 to 30 inches in diameter, 37 miles and 559 feet. There was paid for extensions and improvements during the year ending April 1, 1883, $9,789.52. ' The amount of receipts for this year from water rents were $27,677.02, an increase of $2,170.70 over the previous year. During the fiscal year ending April 1, 1884, there were 2,769 feet of water mains laid which, with other improvements, cost $7,683.9 2. The water rents for the last fiscal year were $27,667.02, an increase of $838.20 over the previous year.

For year ending May 1, 1885, there was laid 894 feet of mains, which with the improvements of the year foots up $1,826.79 expense. Water rents for the preceding year were $28,- 515.22. A net increase of $473.40 over the year before. In 1886 the trustees of the water works in their annual report stated that $106,- 497 in interest had been paid on the loan of $39,443.18 made July 10, 1841, from the Zanesville, Canal and Manufacturing Company, being nearly three times the amount of the original loan. In 1886 there was spent on extensions and improvements $5,724.19, and 9.419 feet of new pipe was laid, making a total of pipe in the city 39 miles 3,181 feet. The revenues from water rents for this year were $1,300.04 less than for the previous year, caused by the Board's reduction of the family schedule of water rents which took effect November I, 1885. During the year 1887, 2,047 feet of pipe was laid, which, with, other improvements, cost the city $1,566.20. The water rents for this year were $509.67 less than last year, and the total revenue from all sources was $498.11 less than the prior year, indicating a healthy growth in revenues, this being the first full years' exhibit since the approximate 25 per cent, reduction in family water rents was made. Besides paying the current expenses of operating and maintaining the works, there had been applied during the year from surplus the sum of $13,277.54. Within the five years ending March 31, 1887, the water rents exceeded those for the five years prior to March 31, 1882, in the sum of $19,832.25 cash; besides leaving during the last year and a half the approximate sum of $6,000 with the family water consumers under said reduction of rents, which shows for said period referred to an average annual increase in round numbers of $5,000. At this date the entire water works system had cost in the aggregate $525,248.75, and the city had outstanding bonds to the amount of $330,- 000, and the remaining $195,248.75 had been paid out of the surplus earnings of the works. During the five years just passed $46,086.73, nearly one-fourth of said sum $195,248.75, had been paid by the works, besides the payment of $20,659.70 on interest account. This is surely a good showing, and reflects credit on the board of management, and doubly so when it is considered that the city for its uses had received in addition to the above the annual sum of about $15,000 in water privileges, from which the works received no revenue. During the year 1888 there were laid 11,835 feet °f new extension, which with other improvements incured an expense of $8,151.52.

According to the secretary's report the revenue from water rents for this year were $29,162.43, a net gain for the year of $1,983.52. Notwithstanding the board reduced the schedule of family water rents 25 per cent. The water rents for the year, under consideration, were in excess of those of any former years during the existence of the works. The board had also paid over to the city council during that year $5,000 on water works purposes, making in all during the past two years, by the works, a reduction of the city's bonded for water, $29,162.43. Current expenses to maintain and operate works, $18,107.23. Estimated value of water furnished the city free, $15,000.00. Bonded indebtedness of city for water works purposes, $310,000.00. Average rate per cent, on said debt, 4 23-30. Annual interest of debt of city for water works, $14,700.00. 1,123,157,032 gallons of water produced- cost per 1,000 gallons to produce to consumer to pay current expenses of works, $.016. Cost per 1,000 gallons to produce to consumer to pay current expenses and annual interest on water works debt, $.029. Received per 1,000 gallons per water rents receipts, $.026. Received per 1,000 gallons per water rent receipts on estimated at cash value ($15,000) on city's free use of water, $.04. During 1889,9,259 feet of new extension was laid which with improvements cost the city $6,718.00. The receipts for this year reached $31,053.73, a net gain for the year of $1,891.30. The above shows $2,065.1 1 more revenue from rents than was received for the year prior to the reduction of family rents, which took effect November 1, 1885. The total annual increase in revenues from water rents since said reduction took place is estimated in round numbers to be not less than $5,000. It may be of interest to the water consumers and tax payers to give a short synopsis of the application of the surplus revenues for the seven years ending with 1889.

The total mileage of extensions during the seven years referred to was 9 miles 4,354 feet, or about one-fourth of the entire plant. During the year 1890, there were laid 15,300 feet of new extension which, with the cost of other improvements, netted an expense to the city of $10,488.25. There are now 46 miles and 4,865 feet of city mains in use. The water re ts collected for fiscal year ending March 31, 1890, were $31,824.70, a net increase of $770.97. There are now no temporary loans outstanding. The trustees of water works are

Wm. R. Baker, president; Gil. Snyder, Robt. Thompson, Pius Padgitt, secretary; R. M. Saup, superintendent. The total valuation of the plant as it stands to-day is 56oo,ooo. The water supply is of the best, being taken from the river above the city, which is here best known as the " Beautiful Blue Muskingum." The cities takes a justifiable pride in her water works plant, which is counted as one of the finest in the state.