Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 7 of 31)

"Teaching school is a very different perform ance from what it was when I went to school," says an old resident. "The first school house was built by popular effort, and was a log cabin with a stick chimney wide enough for a big backlog. Puncheon floors, and seats without backs, rough boys and girls, hardy, rugged and frolicsome, were the order of the day. A quarter's schooling was about all we had in those days, and the smaller children, unless they lived close by, did not attend. It generally began when the fall work was all done, so the big boys could attend, and they were big boys, too. In these days we think schools should be profoundly still. Not so then. Our schools were all loud schools. The teachers governed by main strength, and the boys with the strongest lungs seemed to learn the fastest. These noisy schools were not so very notable until the time for studying the spelling lesson came. Then every pupil had to commence at once and study out loud - high-and lowkeyed voices, the coarse, the gentle and the broad mouthed going pell mell into the work. The plodder sat by the blazing fire and deliberately spelled at the top of his voice while the sweat rolled down his cheeks. The glibtongued, sharp-voiced chap put his utmost vigor into his lungs and made the welkin ring. It was a veritable bedlam - as Bill Nye puts it, 'a sort of information of the bowels.' Occasionally one would stop, for want of breath, perhaps, or to play some prank, when down came the ferrule upon his unlucky shoulders. It was unmanly to cry, but occasionally there was a sniffle or two, and then the book was brought into play and another rivulet of noise was joined to the cataract until the class was called. The teachers we had for a long time were of the loud school kind, but at last an innovation was made. The ice was broken. A quiet and unpretentious man was engaged to teach the winter term, and nothing was said about the kind of school he was to teach. When school commenced the community received a severe shock. The fellow insisted on a quiet school. The noisy spelling study was muzzled and a quietus put on other boisterousness. The strain was too great. The big boys rebelled, but to no purpose. The loud-mouthed chap, who formerly made the roof-boards rattle with his gentle voice when the time for studying the spelling lesson came, had to content himself with out yelling; all the others playing 'town ball' and 'bull pen' at the noon hour. The big boys found sympathy at home, and the quiet school 'crank' was bounced. The loud school was reinstated, but it was doomed. Slowly but surely the quiet school gained friends and the ' loud school' became an institution of the past." In those days the first exercise was reading verses from the testament by the older pupils who had back seats, while the small children were nearest the fire. After the reading, if the teacher was a man of prayer, he prayed. This was done, too, while the little ones were getting warm. Then began the exercises in Webster's Spelling Book, the teacher pointing to the letters with penknife or scissors. Thumps on the head from the teacher's thimbled finger were not uncommon when the teacher was a woman. The thumps were sometimes harder if the teacher was a man. Then reading was begun with the maxim: " Let no man put off the law of God." Then as the reading progressed came the story in Webster's Spelling Book of the silly and unfortunate dairy maid, who, with her milk pail on herhead, calculated how many eggs she could sell it for and what a fine dress she would buy, until, tossing her head with these proud anticipations, she brought down the pail and the milk was dashed to the ground and she saw all her dear plans washed away in it. Then there was the moral story about the boys stealing apples. The farmer first tried to stop them by throwing tufts of grass, but, finding they carried no terrors with them, he threw stones, which were more effectual. The "American Preceptor " succeeded that book. The children were given a recess, though the recreative period was not known by that name. The boys went first, by themselves, and afterwards the girls. If there were any scholars inside who found the "rule of three" difficult, the teacher explained it during this time. Shortly came a rap on the window to call in all the children. After geography followed a lesson in grammar, forty minutes long, which none of the children understood and most of them hated. Ruled paper was not known. The parents furnished a few sheets of paper which were sewn together at home. It was of all qualities but good. The teacher was kept busy during odd spells ruling the paper and pointing the quill pens. The ink was homemade. Later on, came the "Columbian Orator" and "English Reader," filled with matter too old for children and possessing no interest for them whatever. Children of sixteen or thereabouts got to read very well, the book passing from class to class. The girls were generally the best readers. Duvall's and Pike's arithmetic were used, but for a time there were no regular classes in mathematics. No lessons were "given out," and the pupil was left to get on as well as he could. The teacher, if he could, would work out a "sum." He had a book containing all the answers. Sometimes enterprising pupils would steal the use of the teacher's "key," as this was called. P'riday afternoon was given over to "speaking pieces," reciting the commandments and catechism and repeating verses from the Bible.

After teaching school for a time on " the Ledge," a neighborhood in his native town of Orange, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, James A. Garfield went with his mother to visit a brother of hers in the south part of the state. Save on the canal, this was his longest journey and made on the railroad, his first ride on the cars. They stopped at Columbus, where Mr. Kent, the representative of Geauga, showed them much attention, and young Garfield saw the wonders of that capital. At Blue Rock, an unfortunate schoolmaster had just been disciplined by the scholars of one of the districts and dismissed; and he was induced to take them in hand for two months, and did. During the time he rode on horseback seventy miles to Athens to see a real college, the first he had ever seen. This must have been in the summer of 1850. The following statistics show the number, location and status of the public schools of the county:

Youth Of School Age, July, 189O

Boys, 8,214; girls, 7,746; youth between six and eight years of age, 2,499; youth between eight and fourteen years of age, 6,474; youth between fourteen and sixteen years of age, 2,260; youth between sixteen and twenty-one years of age, 4,727; total, 15,960. Number in United States Military District, 8,210; number

School Districts And New Schoolhouses And Their Cost

Township districts, 24; sub-districts, 164; separate districts, 10; sub-divisions of separate districts, 10. Townships Elementary, 3; high, - ; total, 3. Separate districts - Elementary, 1; high, -; total, 1. Grand total, 4. Cost:-

School Houses And Value Of School Property School Rooms And Teachers

School rooms, townships, elementary, 169; high, 2, total, 1 7 1 ; school rooms, separate districts, elementary, 96, high, 16; total 112, grand total, 283. Number of teachers necessary to supply the schools, township districts, 171; separate districts, 106; total, 277.

Different Teachers Employed

Townships, elementary, gentlemen 143, ladies 195; high, gentlemen 2, total 250. Separate districts, elementary, gentlemen 5, ladies 87; high, gentlemen 10, ladies 7; total 109; grand total 359.

Teachers Employed The Whole School Year

Townships, elementary, gentlemen 62; ladies 27; high, gentlemen 1; total 90. Separate districts, elementary, gentlemen 4, ladies 83; high, gentlemen 7; ladies 7; total 101; grand total, 191.

And Rate Of School Tax

Average wages of teachers in dollars: - Townships, elementary, gentlemen 36, ladies 28; high, gentlemen 45. Separate districts, elementary, gentlemen 57, ladies 45; high, gentlemen 69. Sub-districts in which schools were taught less than twenty-four weeks within the year, 1. Average number of weeks taught: - Townships, elementary 31; high 20. Separate districts, elementary 35, high, 36. Average rate of local tax by counties for the years 1889 and 1890, in mills: - Townships 1889-1890, 2.6; 1890-1891, 2.7. Separate districts, 1889-1890, 6.5; 1890-1891,6.4.

Village And Special Districts

Receipts for the year: - Adamsville, $1,332.33; Chandlersville, 81,107.40; Dresden, 86,141.40; Erazeysburg, 83,173.71 ; New Concord, 83,432.39; Roseville, 85,123.77. Expenditures for the year; Adamsville, S830.58; Chandlersville, 8762.50; Dresden, 84,535.95 ; Frazeysburg, 82,084.27; New Concord, 82,170.64; Roseville, 84,155.01. Number of school houses in the district: - Adamsville, 1; Chandlersville, 1; Dresden, 1; Frazeysburg, 1; New Concord, 1; Roseville, 1. Number of school rooms exclusive of rooms used only for recitation: - Adamsville, 2; Chandlersville, 2; Dresden, 8; Frazeysburg, 4; New Concord, 4; Roseville, 6. Value of school property, including grounds, school houses, furniture, apparatus, etc.: - Adamsville, 82,000; Chandlersville, 81,500; Dresden, 824,000; Frazeysburg, 84,500; New Concord, 89,000; Roseville, 810, 000. Number of teachers necessary to supply the schools: - Adamsville, 2; Chandlersville, 2; Dresden, 7; Frazeysburg, 4; New Concord, 4; Roseville, 5. Number of teachers employed, not including those that gave half or more than half their school time to supervision: - Gentlemen - Adamsville, 1; Chandlersville, 1; Frazeysburg, 2; New Concord, 1; Roseville, 2. Ladies - Adamsville, 1; Chandlersville, 3; Dresden, 7; Frazeysburg, 2; New Concord, 3; Roseville, 3. Average wages of teachers per month, in dollars, to the nearest integer: - Gentlemen - Adamsville, 860; Chandlersville, 850; Frazeysburg, 863; New Concord, S56; Roseville, 850. Ladies - Adamsville, 830; Chandlersville, 825; Dresden, 829; Frazeysburg, S30; New Concord, S33; Roseville, 827. Number of teachers that taught the entire time in the year the schools were in session: - Gentlemen - Adamsville, 1; Chandlersville, 1, Frazeysburg, 1; New Concord, 1; Roseville 1. Ladies, Adamsville, 1; Dresden, 7; Frazeysburg 2; New Concord, 3; Roseville, 2. Average number of total 92; Chandlersville, boys 12, girls 12, total 24, grand total 48; Dresden, boys 29, girls 25, total 54, grand total 285; Frazeysburg, boys 16, girls 18, total 34, grand total 155; New Concord, boys 12, girls 21, total 33, grand total 157; Roseville, boys 10, girls 14, total 24, grand total 160. Per cent, of the enrollment on the enumeration: - Adamsville, 94; Chandlersville, 88; Dresden, 94; Frazeysburg, 90; New Concord, 86; Roseville, 89. Per cent, of daily attendance on the number enrolled in elementary schools: - Adamsville, 66; Chandlersville, 65; Dresden, 79; Frazeysburg, 78; New Concord, 78; Roseville, 70. Per cent, of daily attendance, on the number enrolled in high school: - Adamsville, 64; Chandlersville, 54; Dresden, 64; Frazeysburg, 74; New Concord, 90; Roseville, 70. Per cent, of total average daily attendance on total enrollment: - Adamsville, 65; Chandlersville, 59; Dresden, 76; P'razeysburg, 77; New Concord, 79; Roseville, 70. Branches of study: - Adamsville, U. S. history, 76; physiology, 123; algebra, 3. Chandlersville, U. S. history, 23; physics, 11; physiology, 35; algebra, 23. Dresden, U. S. history, 45; physics, 11 ; physiology, 37; algebra, 29; geometry, 3; Latin, 40. Frazeysburg, U. S. history,60; yocal music, 40; physics, 3; physiology,

190; geometry, 3; Latin 4. New Concord, U. S. history, 54; physics, 17; physiology, 61 ; algebra, 30; geometry, 17; Latin, 16. Roseville, U. S. history, 115; vocal music, 123; physiology, 203; algebra, 29; geometry, 2. Districts: - Different pupils enrolled whose ages were between 16 and 21 years, July 1, 1889: - Adamsville, high 20; Chandlersville, high 33; Dresden, high 63, elementary 12; Frazeysburg, high, 22: New Concord, elementary 4, high 27; Roseville, elementary 2; high 11. Re-enrollments caused by previous attendance at some other school in the state outside the district: - Adamsville, 18; Chandlersville, 15; Dresden, 9; Frazeysville, 8; New Concord, 5; Roseville, 4. Salary of high school principal: - Adamsville, $480; Chandlersville, $450; Dresden, $405; Frazeysburg, $600; New Concord, $500; Roseville, $440. Portion of time given to teachingby principal: - Adamsville, Chandlersville, Dresden, all; Frazeysburg, 19-20; New Concord, 19-20; Roseville, 3-4. Amount paid for supervision: - Dresden, $450; Frazeysburg, $30; New Concord $25; Roseville, $132. Amount paid for high school instruction: - Adamsville, $480; Chandlersville, $450; Dresden, $855; Frazeysburg, $570; New Concord, $475; Roseville, $308. Amount paid for elementary instruction: - Adamsville, $240; Chandlersville, $225; Dresden, Si, 395; Frazeysburg, $880; New Concord, $925; Roseville, $1,125. Average cost of tuition per pupil on average daily attendance: - Elementary -

Adamsville, S3. 70; Chandlersville, $6.00; Dresden, $4. 78; Frazeysburg, $6.77; New Concord, $5.63; Roseville, $5. 71. High - Adamsville, $6. 30. Chandlersville, $10.00; Dresden, $10.06; Frazeysburg, $12.35; New Concord, $12.00; Roseville, $12.60. Average cost of tuition per pupil on total enrollment: - Elementary - Adamsville, $5.60; Chandlersville, $9 .37; Dresden, $6.04: Frazeysburg, $8.63; New Concord, $7.00; Roseville, $8.27. High - Adamsville, $9.60; Chandlersville, $18.75; Dresden, $15.83; Frazeysburg, $16.77; New Concord, $1 5.00; Roseville, $18.33. Withdrawn from high school: - Dresden, boys 21, girls 16; Frazeysburg, boys 4, girls 5; New Concord, boy I, girl 1. Number remaining in high school: - Adamsville, boys 45, girls 31; Dresden, boys 23, girls 25; Frazeysburg, boys 18, girls 19; New Concord, boys 12, girls 24; Roseville, boys 15, girls 20. Number graduated at last commencement: - Dresden, boys 2, girls 5; Frazeysburg, girl 1; New Concord, boys 7, girls 7. Average age of high school pupils first year: - Dresden, boys 16, girls 16; Frazeysburg, boys 15, girls 15; New Concord, boys 14, girls 14; Roseville, boys 12, girls 13. Average age of graduating class: - Dresden,

Day Of The Year 1891

Adams district, state common school fund (source A), $201.75; local school levies collected (source B), $643.89; U. S. military school fund (source C), $21.61; interest on sales of section 16 (source D), nothing. Total, $867.25.

Schools Of Zanesville

THE following historical sketch of the pioneer and public schools of Zanesville is condensed from a paper prepared by Superintendent of Instruction W. D. Lash:

The first school in what is now the city of Zanesville was kept by a Mr. Harris in 1800 and 1801, in a cabin on River street, in what is now the Eighth ward, between Lee's corner and the mouth of Licking creek. In 1802 a Mr. Jennings kept a school in a cabin which stood on North Second street, on property now belonging to the Cargill estate. In 1805 Samuel Herrick, then a young lawyer, came to Zanesville and taught school in a cabin which stood on the school lot on which the old Market Street Academy now stands. This schoolhouse was without " daubing," and had no other floor than the ground. A large stump which stood in the middle of the room served the purpose of a "dunce-block." Mr. Herrick seems to have been a severe schoolmaster, and one of the exploits of his refractory pupils was to escape his rod of fearful length by crawling under the lower log of the wall into the safer regions of out of-doors. Among the pupils of this school were William and Margaret Thompson, David and Isaac Spangler, Richard Stillwell, Harriet Convers, James Cordery, Eliza Price, Elizabeth Montgomery and Amelia Mc- Intire. In 1809 or 1810 Richard Kearns kept a school on the corner of North and Sixth streets. Rev. William Jones, a Presbyterian minister, taught in the old frame court house in 1810 and 18 1 1. He taught some of the higher branches, including Latin and Greek. "Mother Goff," as she was familiarly known, taught in a house which stood on the corner of Spruce alley and Main street in 1811. In 1812-14 Arthur Reed taught in a house on the corner of Fountain alley and Seventh street. In 1816 and 1817 a Mr. Black taught in a house north of the market house. John W. Spry taught a school in Frazey's brick house, on the corner of Locust alley and Sixth street, in 1819, and afterward, in 1823 and 1824, in the old Harvey tavern, on the corner of Third and Main streets. In 1824 James Perry taught in a two-story log house on Market street, where Duvall's machine works now stand. In 1822-24 Rev. George Sedgwick taught a "Seminary for Young Ladies" in a house which stood on the river bank below the lower bridge. Some of the higher branches were taught in this school. Other teachers of this early period were Mrs. Henderson, Mrs. Colerick, Paul McPherson, Mr. Metcalf, Mr. and Mrs. Mole, James M. Fulton, Robert McCormick, Jotham Hobbie, Miss Russell, Miss Jane Flood and Mr. Richardson.

The Zanesville academy and the Mclntire school were not strictly public schools, yet the name of John Mclntire, by reason of his royal bequest, is so intimately associated with the educational interests of Zanesville that some mention of these schools is almost a necessity in a sketch of this kind.

The town of Zanesville was laid out in 1799 by Jonathan Zane and John Mclntire, the proprietors of the site, at which time they set apart and appropriated the west halves of lots 15 and 16 in the tenth square, for the use of schools in the coming town. In 1818, after the death of John Mclntire, Jonathan Zane, the surviving proprietor, executed a deed for these grounds to Daniel Convers and others, authorizing them to enter upon and take possession of the same for school purposes. Soon after this, Daniel Convers, associating with himself about thirty others, organized a sort of joint stock company for the purpose of erecting a schoolhouse on the ground thus secured to them. The number of shares, which was limited to fifty-three, at $25 each, were all taken, and, with the funds so raised, the first and second stories of the Old Market Street academy were built. The third story was added by Amity lodge, of the Masonic fraternity, and used by them as a place of meeting. The building was completed and the first school opened in it in February, 1822. By the articles of association each stockholder was entitled to send one pupil for each share of stock owned by him. The school was maintained under this organization for a number of years. During a portion of its history two departments were sustained, in the higher of which many of the higher branches of learning were taught. The first teacher employed in this school was Ezekiel Hildreth. William Pope, Jotham Hobbie, Allen Cadwalader, and others were his successors. After the public schools of the town began to assume organized form, this building was rented for a number of years, for school purposes, by the board of education, and in 1858 it was finally released to the city by the survivors and representatives of the stockholders and by Amity lodge. It is now occupied by the German-English schools, which form a part of the present school system.

John Mclntire died in 1815, and by his last will and testament, given in a preceding chapter made certain provisions which have had much to do with the educational history of Zanesville. The " Mclntire academy," as it was known, was built by the executors under this will, and was first occupied for school purposes about the year 1836. The first principal of this school was John M. Howe, who had, for some time previously, conducted a private seminary in a building on the corner of North and Seventh streets, known as " Howe's seminary." He was assisted by A. E. Howe and George Miller, and subsequently by Thomas H. Patrick. Mr. Howe remained as principal of this school some ten or twelve years. The school was one of high order, Latin and Greek and other branches of higher education being taught in it. The highest, or classical department, was taught by Mr. Howe in person, the lower departments by his assistants. Mr. Howe was succeeded by Mr. Theodore D. Martindale, who was assisted by Mr. T. H. Patrick and two or three female assistants. Mr. Martindale was succeeded by Mr. Joseph Davidson, who was assisted by about the same corps of teachers. Mr. Davidson was succeeded. by Mr. T. H. Patrick, who remained as principal of the school until 1856, when, the graded school system having been fully organized, it was thought by the Mclntire executors, as well as by others interested, that the purposes of the testator would best be carried out by placing the school under the control of the board of education and causing it to be merged in the general graded school system of the city. Accordingly, an arrangement was made between the Mclntire trustees and the board cf education, which will be found stated in its proper place in the succeeding portion of this sketch. Although the Mclntire school has ceased to exist, as a school distinctively for poor children, it served a noble purpose for a period of twenty years, and will ever be remembered as one of the historic belongings of the city of Zanesville.

Prior to April, 1839, the public schools of Zanesville were conducted under the general school laws of the state, and were of the same ungraded character as the schools of the rural districts. The general state school law (that passed March 7, 1838,) was not considered adapted to the wants of the town in the expenditure of funds for school purposes, especially so in consequence of the existence of the Mclntire school fund, which rendered the situation of Zanesville, in that regard, peculiar. On 29th of December, 1838, a meeting was held in what was known as the senate chamber, pursuant to a notice from the school directors of

Zanesville district (Ezekiel T. Cox, Uriah Parke, and Henry Eastman), and a committee appointed to draft a bill adapted to the educational wants and interests of the town of Zanesville; while another committee was appointed to circulate petitions to the legislature for its enactment as a law.

The result of this movement was that on the 13th day of February, 1839, a special law was enacted by the legislature for the support and better regulation of the schools of the town of Zanesville.

April 1, 1839, an election was held at the court house, and the following-named gentlemen were elected as members of the first board of education: Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny, Allen Cadwalader, Charles G. Wilson, Richard Stillwell, John A. Turner. This board organized April 6th, by electing Richard Stillwell, president, John A. Turner, secretary, and Charles G. Wilson, treasurer.

The first board of examiners appointed by the council consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. William A. Smallwood and Wyllys Buell. During the same year (1839) the board of education selected sites for the school building, and put the schools in operation in rented buildings, as follows: James Barton's room, corner of Market and Fifth streets; Mrs. Barton's room, Fifth street, between Market and South; Mr. Spaulding's school-house, Sixth street, near Marietta; Old Methodist church, between P'irst and Second streets; first floor of old academy, on Market street; room in basement of Market Street Baptist church; second floor of old academy, on Market street; Mr. N. Harris' school-room, on Third street. In September of this year, Messrs. Reed and Manypenny were re-elected members of the board of education. February 15, 1840, the board of education recommended to the council the erection of a school-house on the northwest part of the old graveyard, and submitted plans and specifications for the same. The council adopted the recommendation of the board, and immediately advertised for bids for the erection of the building. On the 12th of March, 1840, the contract was awarded to James Ramage, at S3, 750. On the 28th of March, 1S40, the council rented again all the rooms previously occupied by the schools, except Mr. J. Barton's, and rented three additional rooms, namely: One of Col. John Hall, one of Mr. Stratton, and another in the basement of the Market street Baptist church. In July, 1840, Allen Cadwalader resigned, and Uriah Parke was appointed a member of the board of education in his stead. In September of the same year,

Uriah Parke and C. G. Wilson were re-elected, and H. J. Cox appointed in place of Dr. Turner, deceased. October, 1840, Rev. Amos Bartholomew was appointed examiner, vice Buell. On the 6th of November, 1840, the new schoolhouse on the hill being ready for occupation, the following rented rooms were vacated, and the schools transferred to the new building: John Hall's, old Methodist church, two rooms in the basement of the Market Street Baptist church, and Mr. Stratton's. Mrs. Barton's room had been previously vacated, and the school transferred to Nathaniel Wilson's room, corner of Fifth and South streets. On the 27th of November, 1841, Richard Stillwell resigned, and Jesse Keene was appointed a member of the board of education in his stead. December 9, 1841, the council purchased of John M. Howe the building on the corner of Seventh and North streets, known as "Howe's seminary," together with the lease of the grounds upon which it was located, for the sum of $1,500. This building was repaired and improved, and was ready for occupation on the 1st of April, 1842.

With the occupation of this building begins the history of the graded school system of Zanesville. "While the schools were scattered in different parts of the town, no efficient system of organization could be adopted, and the plan of separate and independent schools was found very exceptionable, as well from expensiveness as inefficiency." In September, 1842, a system of organization was adopted, and went into immediate operation. The board of education to whom this organization of the schools is due consisted of Messrs. Charles G. Wilson, Uriah Parke, Horatio J. Cox, Hugh Reed, George W. Manypenny and Jesse Keene. The board of examiners at this time (September, 1842,) consisted of Rev. James Culbertson, Rev. W. A. Smallwood and Dr. Thomas M. Drake - Dr. Drake having been appointed in July of this year, in place of Rev. Amos Bartholomew. On the 20th of September, 1842, Mark Lowdan and Adam Peters were elected members of the board of education in place of Messrs. Reed and Manypenny, and on the 26th Col. John W. Foster was appointed in place of Jesse Keene. In April, 1843, E. E. Fillmore was appointed a member of the board of education, in place of John W. Foster, resigned, and in September of the same year, was elected to the same office. On the 7th of April, 1845, the residence of Uriah Parke, then secretary of the board of education, was destroyed by fire, and with it all the records and papers belonging to the board. The foregoing facts are gathered from the min- utes of the town council and from a brief abstract of the history of the schools, prepared from memory by Mr. Park, and recorded in June, 1845, in the records of the board.

In June, 1845, the following corps of teachers was in the employ of the Board, at the salaries named: George W. Batchelder, principal of male seminary, salary $600 per annum; Samuel C. Mendenhall, assistant, senior department, $240 per annum; N. A. Gray, principal, junior department, $350; James H. Thompson, assistant, junior department, $240; William D. Chase, second assistant, junior department, $150; Jessie P. Hatch, principal of female seminary and teacher of writing and music in both schools, S400; Miss Adaline Parker, principal senior department, $300; Miss Isabel Cary, assistant, senior department, $175; Miss J. Williams, principal, junior department, $260; Miss Amanda Charlott, assistant, junior department, $96; Miss Martha Hatch, second assistant, junior department, $96; N. A. Gray resided in the male seminary building, and J. P. Hatch in the female seminary building, rent and fuel free. The number of pupils enrolled and in attendance in June, 1845, was as follows:

Male seminary, senior department, enrolled, 67; male seminary, senior department, attendance, 60; male seminary, junior department, enrolled, 154; male seminary, junior department, attendance, 139; female seminary, senior department, enrolled, 89; female seminary, senior department, attendance, 65; female seminary, junior department, enrolled, 157; female seminary, junior department, attendance, 120; total in both schools, enrolled, 467; total in both schools, attendance, 384. The following was the course of study, with the text books authorized by the board: Spelling,

Sander's Spelling Book; reading, Pierpont's Introduction and National Reader, Sander's Readers and the Scriptures; Geography, Smith's; Grammar, Smith's; Arithmetic, Emerson's Mental and Parke's Practical; Algebra, Bailey's; History, Goodrich's First, Second and Third Books, and Weem's Washington; music, Mason's Sacred Harp; Philosophy, Comstock's; surveying, Gummere's; geometry, Playfair's Kuclid; Latin, Andrews and Stoddard's Grammar, Andrew's Reader, and Virgil; Greek, Anthon's Grammar, First Lessons and Reader. On the 1 6th of September, 1845, Gottlieb Nattinger and Leonard 1'. Bailey were elected members of the board of education in place of Adam Peters and Mark Lowdan. Subsequent changes in the board of education are given in the roll of the board appended to this sketch.

In July, 1847, Mr- Batchelder resigned his position as principal of the male seminary, and Mr. Mendenhall that of first assistant in the same. Orlando L. Castle was elected to succeed Mr. Batchelder, and William U. Urquhart to succeed Mr. Mendenhall. In October, 1847, Mr. Urquhart was succeeded by William A. Castle. In April, 1848, Mr. Hatch resigned his position as principal of the female seminary and teacher of writing and singing. As a temporary arrangement, Miss Adaline Parker was made principal of the female seminary, and O. L. Castle took charge of the writing and singing in the male seminary. In July, 1848, N. A. Gray resigned his position in the male seminary and S. C. Mendenhall was elected to fill his place. L. P. Marsh was elected teacher of writing and singing, and took charge January 3, 1849. His salary was at the rate of $400 per annum. In February, 1849, J- H. Thompson, then assistant teacher in the male seminary, was made principal of the female seminary, at a salary of $500 per annum, with dwelling and fuel free. In April, 1849, the length of the school year was fixed at four quarters, of eleven weeks each. March 26, 1850, O. L. Castle, principal of the male seminary, resigned, and Mr. Marsh was made acting principal till June, 1850, when George W. Batchelder was elected to that position, at a salary of $800 per annum. In September, 1850, the corps of teachers consisted of Mr. Batchelder as principal of the male seminary, with four assistant teachers. Mr. Thompson was principal of the female seminary, with four assistant teachers, and Mr. Marsh as teacher of writing and singing in both schools. The average enrollment of pupils, at this time, was about 500. In October, 1850, Mr. Marsh resigned, and Capt. Hatch was aga;n employed as teacher of writing and singing.

No important change was made in the organization of the schools till February, 1852, when Mr. Batchelder was made superintendent of all the schools. His salary was fixed at 5^1,000, and he was assisted by twelve subordinate teachers. In May, 1852, the female seminary was burned, and its schools were transferred to the basement of the Seventh Street Methodist Episcopal church and the Market Street academy. In June, of this year, the board of education took action looking to the provision of additional and more suitable accommodations for the schools. A committee was appointed to select sites for four ward schools and a high school. In April, 1853, the lots on which were built the Third and Fourth ward buildings were selected. In June the board adopted plans and applied to the council for funds to purchase the lots selected, to erect two ward schools, and to make alterations and repairs on the Hill-school building, so as to fit it for the use of a high school. The council promptly responded to this call, authorized the issue of 825,000 of school bonds for the use of the board, and advertised for bids for the erection of two ward buildings. In July, 1853, the contract for the erection of the Third and Fourth ward buildings was awarded to Jonathan Swank, at 87,645 for each building, exclusive of the stone work. In the spring of 1853 the first school for colored children was established. Under the laws in force at that time this school was controlled by a separate board of directors, elected by the colored people, and sustained by taxes levied upon property of colored citizens. In October, 1854, Mr. Batchelder resigned his office of superintendent.

In April, 1855, the new school buildings were completed and the organization of the graded system began to assume tangible shape. Almon Samson had been elected superintendent, and Charles \V. Chandler, principal of the high school. The following departments were organized and courses of study adopted: The primary department, embracing the first three years of the course. The secondary department, embracing the second three years. The senior department, embracing the third three years. The high school department, embracing three courses of study of two years, four years, and five years, respectively. As yet no suitable school facilities had been provided for the First and Second wards. In September, 1856, the following agreement was entered into between the board of education and the trustees of the Mclntire estate: "The schoolhouse was to be put in thorough repair, and furnished with furniture similar to that in the other school buildings of the city. The school to be organized and conducted under the rules and regulations adopted by the board of education, and to be under the control of the superintendent of the city schools. The expenses of repairs, furniture, salaries of teachers, together with all incidentals necessary to the conduct of the school, to be paid by the Mclntire trustees; the Mclntire trustees reserving to themselves the right of visitorial supervision."

During the school year ending July 3, 1857, there were sustained by the board one high school, two senior schools, five secondary schools, ten primary schools, one unclassified school, and one colored school. The whole number of teachers was thirty-one. The enumeration of white youth of school age, in this year, was 2,857, of whom 289 were under six years of age, leaving 2,568 entitled to attend the public schools. The whole number of pupils enrolled in the white schools was 1,500, leaving 1,068 entitled to admission who did not enter school at all. The average enrollment and attendance in the several departments were as follows: In high school, enrollment, 78; attendance, 75. Senior school, enrollment, 85; attendance, 83. Secondary school, enrollment, 265; attendance, 252. Primary school, enrollment, 612, attendance, 585.

At the close of this school year (July, 1857), Mr. Samson resigned his position as superintendent, having filled that office a little over two years, and having, with the co-operation of the board of education, fully established the graded system of schools, and witnessed its entrance upon a career of popularity and usefulness. M. D. Leggett was elected to succeed Mr. Samson, at a salary of 8 1,200 per annum. Mr. Leggett remained in charge of the schools till January, 1862, when he resigned his office to accept the appointment of colonel of the 78th regiment, O. V. I. The condition of the schools at the close of the school year 1859-60, is indicated by the following statistics, taken from Superintendent Leggett's annual report for that year: Number of schools sustained during the year: High school, 1 ; senior schools, 2; secondary schools, 6; primary schools, 12; rural school, 1; German school, 1; colored school, 1 ; total, 24; in which were enployed: Male teachers, 8; female teachers, 30; total, 38. In addition to the above, two night schools were sustained from the first of November to the first of March, in which were employed four teachers, two male and two female. The following is the enrollment and attendance in the several departments: Total enrollment, instruction, 81,600; principal of high school, 81,000; principals of districts, 8600; senior, secondary and primary teachers, 8300; senior, secondary and primary assistants, 8240; assistants in high school, 8450 to 8600. Superintendent Leggett's resignation was accepted January 7, 1862, and C. W. Chandler, principal of the high school, was elected to succeed him at a salary of 81,000, and A. Fletcher, president of the board, was employed as financial agent; salary 8300. This arrangement was continued through the next school year, but the exigencies of the times having made it the dutyof the board of education to exercise the strictest economy, a reduction of the salaries of superintendent,principal and teachers was made, of from ten to twenty per cent. As a further measure of economy, at the close of this school year, the office of superintendent was suspended. From the report of the president of the board, made August, 1865, the following facts, relating to the condition of the schools for that year, are derived: Number of pupils enrolled in all the schools, 2,1 10; average daily attendance, 1,289. There were seven male and twenty-eight female teachers. The arrangement with the Mclntire trustees, by which they paid all expenses of the Mclntire school, had now continued for nine years, and a new arrangement was entered into with them, under a contract authorized by a special act of the legislature. This act enabled the Mclntire trustees to contract with the board of education for the tuition of the "poor children" who would be entitled to the benefit of the Mclntire fund under the will of Mr. Mclntire, and to pay to the board of education such sum from the income of that estate as in their judgment might be right and proper as an equivalent for such tuition. Under this contract the board has annually received from the Mclntire trusteees the sum of $8,000, and, in addition to that, from $500 to $800 per year to furnish books and clothing to destitute children.

At the close of the school year in June, 1865, C. W. Chandler, who had been principal of the high school since its establishment, in 1855, with the exception of the one year that he filled the office of superintendent, resigned his position, and A. T. Wiles, who had been, for the three years preceding, principal of the schools of the second district, was elected to that position at a salary of $1,000 per annum. The principalship of the Third district, made vacant in June, 1865, by the promotion of Mr. Wiles was filled by the election of Miss Maria Parsons, who had been for several years teacher of the senior school in that district. This was the first instance in the history of the Zanesville schools in which a lady was placed in the responsible position of principal, and the innovation was regarded by many earnest friends of the public schools with serious distrust. At the close of this school year, however, the board of education were so well satisfied with the result of their experiment that they applied the same policy to the other two districts. No further change was made in the organization or management of the schools until the close of the school years 1869-70, when the office of superintendent of instruction was restored, and A. T. Wiles, who had served for five years as principal of the high school, was elected to that office, at a salary of $1,500 per annum, and

Miss Margaret Stultz, who had served for five years as assistant in the high school, was made principal of the same at a salary of $1,000 per annum.

The following figures will exhibit the status of the schools for the school year 1868-70: Enumeration of youth of school age in the city, 3,477; high school, enrollment, 101; attendance, 77; district schools, enrollment, 2,000; attendance, 1,263; total enrollment, 2,101 ; attendance, 1,340; number of teachers employed: high school, principal, 1; assistants, 3; district schools, principals, 3; district schools, senior teachers, 3; district schools, primary and' secondary teachers, 35; total, 45. The following was the schedule of salaries: Principal of high school, $1,200; first assistant in high school, $900; second and third assistants in high school, $550; principals of districts, $950; senior school teachers, $500; secondary school teachers, $400; primary school teachers, $400; German school teacher, $8co; colored school teachers, 300and$400; financial agent, $1,100.

At the beginning of this school year (1869-70) the "Stemler" building, was completed and ready for occupation by the schools. Later in the year the city council purchased the Presbyterian mission Sunday school building on Monroe street, and the board opened in it a secondary school. The schools were all now accommodated in buildings owned by the city, except the three schools in the rooms rented of the Masonic Hall association. In the summer of 1870 School District No. 9, of Springfield township, including the unincorporated village known as South Zanesville, was annexed to the city. The board of education assumed control of the two schools of that district, and attached them, for the time being, to the Third district of the city schools. In November of this year the village of West Zanesville was annexed to the city, adding four more schools to the number already under control of the Board. The teachers formerly in charge of these schools were all re-employed by the city board of education, and their salaries adjusted to the schedule in force in the other city schools. The schools of the- Seventh and Eighth wards were constituted the Fourth district, and placed under the principalship of David Harris, who had been for many years teacher and principal of the West Zanesville schools. In May, 1872, the incorporated village of Putnam was annexed to the city, constituting the Ninth ward. The Board of Education assumed only a nominal control of the schools of this ward until the close of the school year, deeming it best for their interest to make no attempt at that time to adjust them to the system of the other schools. By this annexation, seven schools were added to the city school system - the numberof teachers prior to these annexations being forty-five, and immediately subsequent thereto, sixty.

During the year 1873, the city council - at the request of the board of education - erected a brick school house, containing six rooms, in the Sixth ward, one in the Seventh ward, containing four school rooms, and an addition to the Eighth ward school building containing two school rooms. The cost of these three improvements, with the grounds upon which they were placed, was about §30,000. It has been attempted in this sketch to indicate the condition and growth of our public school system by giving such statistics as were attainable, at the close of each period of five years. The following is a summary for the school year 1874-75: Enumeration of youth of school age in the city, 5,370. Enrollment: High school, 159; attendance, 126; senior schools, 194; attendance 138; secondary schools, 789; attendance 594; primary schools, 1,510; attendance 1,025; German-English, 209; attendance 153; colored schools, 202; attendance 124. total, enrollment, 3,063; attendance, 2,160. The number of teachers employed was: High school, principal I ; assistants, 4. District schools: principals 5, senior teachers 5; seconday teachers, 18; primary teachers, 24; German-English teachers, 4; colored teachers, 4; music teachers, 2; writing teacher, 1. Total 68. The following was the schedule of salaries: Superintendent of instruction § 2,000 ; high school, principal, §1,350; commercial teacher, §1,080; first assistant, §900; second and third assistants, §700. District schools: principals, §850; senior teachers, §550; secondary teachers, §450; primary teachers, §450; German-English, §450 and §800; colored teachers, §450 and §7 20; music teachers §450 and §600; writing teachers, §950.

In September, 1875, two new schools were opened in the Jackson street building, Eighth ward- a new building erected by the board of education, during the previous summer, at a cost of about §6,000, including the lot. At the opening of the school year 1875-76, the principalship of the high school, made vacant by the resignation of Rev. R. S. James, who had been principal three years, was filled by the election of W. D. Lash, who had been an assistant in the same school three years. At the opening of the school year 1876-77, drawing was added to the course of study for all grades, and Miss Gertrude Stone was appointed special teacher of this branch, at a salary of §800 per annum. The Diamond building on Underwood street, having been abandoned for school purposes, was sold September, 1877, by the board, for $1,800. To render the grounds about the Moore building more ample, the Board purchased an adjoining lot for the sum of §700, improved it, and made it a part of the school grounds. This purchase was made September, 1877. After eight years of service as superintendent, A. T. Wiles resigned his position in June, 1878, and W. D. Lash, who had been principal of the high school for three years, was made superintendent, and has filled the office ever since. Id. A. Axline, superintendent of the Dresden, Ohio, public schools was appointed principal of the high school.

For several years the study of music had been discontinued. In June, 1878, by order of the board, music again became a regular study in all grades. J. D. Fuse was elected special teacher of this branch, at a salary of §800 per annum. During the summer of 1878, an addition of two rooms was made to the Rural building, at a cost of §1,182, and a school of senior grade opened in the building. At about the same time a two-story brick building was erected on Moxahala avenue, at a cost of §1,553, for the accomodation of the colored schools of the Ninth ward. The old building on Moxahala avenue and the one on the Cooper Mill road were abandoned when the new building was occupied, and both were subsequently sold. At the opening of the school year, 1878, the board of education directed that a colored high school be organized in the Ninth Street building. The directions of the board were carried out, and Chas. S. Harrison appointed principal at a salary of §600. Miss Gertrude Stone resigned her position as teacher of drawing at the close of the schools in June, 1879. Drawing was subsequently dropped from the course of study. December 29th, 1879, the principalship of the high school was made vacant by the resignation of H. A. Axline. Mr. C. R. Long was elected to the position. The following is the summary of the schools for the year ending August, 1880 : school, principal, 1; high school, assistants, 4; principals of districts, 5; senior teachers, 5, secondary teachers, 18; primary teachers, 26; German-English teachers, 4; colored teachers, 5; total, 70. Schedule of salaries: Superintendent of instruction, $1,200; principal of high school, $1,000; teacher commercial department, $800; two assistants, high school, $600; one assistant, high school, $500; principal of districts, $650 to $700; senior teachers, $500: secondary teachers,

Additional school accommodations being needed in the Seventh ward, the board purchased lots on Grant street, May, 1880, for the sum of $800, and had erected thereon a brick building of two rooms, at a cost of about $2,800, in which schools were immediately opened after the completion of the building. During the year 1880-81, the board remodeled and enlarged the Madison Street building, at a cost of about $4,000. The crowded condition of the schools in this ward rendered the addition necessary June 28th, 1881, the office of supervising district principal was abolished, and the entire supervision of the schools placed in the hands of the Superintendent. The board also directed that a Normal School be opened for the training of teachers to be employed in the public schools of the city. This school was opened in September, 1881, the number of students being limited to twenty. The course of study adopted was substantially as follows : I.

Training in Methods of Imparting Instruction in Primary Grades. II. Mental Philosophy and the Science of Education. III. General Review of all the Common Branches, with Special Attention to Methods. IV. Special Instruction in Music and Penmanship. V. Practice in Teaching. Two schools of primary grade were placed in charge of the principal to be taught by the students of the normal school, under her personal supervision. Each student was required to be in the practice room not less than four weeks. Miss S. R. Chandler, for many years supervising principal of the first district schools, was appointed principal of the normal school at a salary of $800. December 26th, 1881, J. D. Fuse resigned his position as special teacher of music, and B. C. Davis, was elected to fill the vacancy.

For many years, the school accommodation in what is known as the Mclntire district was inadequate. The old building on Market street was unfit for use. Rooms not suited to school purposes were being rented in the Masonic Hall building. The old High School building, at the head of Main street, was very much out of repair, and almost unfit for school use. The three colored schools on the east side of the river were poorly provided with rooms. The demand for a new building was pressing. Efforts made to have the Mclntire Academy building enlarged had failed. Several attempts to purchase suitable lots for a sehool building had also proven fruitless. January 13th-, 1881, a special committee was authorized to purchase the lot on corner of Sixth and North streets, at a cost of $10,000. Plans and specifications for a building of twelve rooms on this lot were approved and adopted by the board, January 14th, 1882. This building, known as the High School building, was completed before the opening of the school year 1883-84. The cost of the building and improvements was $38,801.83. At the close of the schools, July, 1883, the board directed that the high school be transferred to the new building, and that transfers of certain other schools be made, whereby the rooms in the Masonic building were vacated, and the old Academy building, on Market street, abandoned. This building was afterward sold. The board repaired the old High School building, at the head of Main street, for the use of the colored schools on the east side of the river. These improvements were completed at a cost of over $1,000, and the colored schools transferred to the building, September,

1883. The building on Ninth street, made vacant by the transfer of the colored schools, was subsequently sold, being unfit for school purposes. At the close of the schools, June,

The status of the schools at the close of the school year 1884-85 is given below: Enumeration of youth of school age, 6,129; Enrollment: High school 225, attendance 1 7 1 ;senior schools 309, attendance 245; secondary schools 903, attendance 747; primary schools 1,460, attendance 1080; German-English 146, attendance 119; colored schools 216, attendance 164; total enrolled 3,259, total attendance 2,526. Number of teachers: Special teachers 2, high school principal 1, high school assistants 5, senior teachers 7, secondary teachers 20, primary teachers 26, Gcr-Eng. 3, colored 6, total 70. Schedule of salaries: Superintendent of instruction Si ,800, principal of high school $1,000, assistants in high school S6oo, senior teachers $525, secondary teachers $450, primary teachers $425, principal colored high school $750, German-English teachers $450 to $600, special teachers $900.

During the early part of the school year 1886-87, the board built an addition of two rooms to the Seventh ward building, at a cost of about $3,000. This addition was made necessary by the increase in the enrollment of pupils in the Seventh ward. At the close of the school year of 1885-86, J. M. Seright resigned the principalship of the high school, and L. L. H. Austin was elected to fill the position. At this time the new building had been furnished with single desks and the larger buildings had been fitted with steam-heating apparatus.

According to the superintendent's annual report for the school year of 1887-88, 1888-89, 1889-90, 1890-91, the school statistics for that period were as follows: Teachers: In the high school, 5; in the senior schools, 9; in the primary and secondary schools, 47; special teachers - (writing 1, music 1, German 1) - 3; total, 70.

Whole number of different pupils enrolled: In the high school, 184; in the senior schools, 357; in the primary and secondary schools, 2,272; in the colored schools, 165; in the normal school, 6; total enrollment, 2,984; per cent, of enrollment on enumeration, 49; total enumeration of youth, September 1, 1888, 6,159; total enumeration of youth, September 1, 1889, 6,281.

senior schools, 8; in the secondary schools, 23; in the primary schools, 30; special teachers - writing 1, music 1, total, 2; grand total, 69.

senior schools, 9; in the secondary schools, 24; in the primary schools, 32; special teachers - (writing 1, music 1, German 1 ) - 3; total, 75.

senior schools, 1 o ; in the secondary schools, 23; in the primary schools, 36; special teachers - (writing 1; music 1; German 1 ) - 3; total, 79.

high school, 269; in the senior schools, 410; in the secondary schools, 1,102; in the primary schools, 1,743; in the night school, 63; total, 3.587-

W. M. Shinnick, Jr., clerk, submitted to the board of education of the city of Zanesville, the following report of the receipts and expenditures of the board of the fiscal year ending August 31, 1891.

Receipts

When the compulsory school law was enforced by the board of education, it was found that many children affected by the law were unable to attend school on account of indigent circumstances. A night school was opened in October to accommodate this class. The school was continued in session five months, the limit of enforced attendance. The number of pupils enrolled was 63, the number belonging 43, and the average number attending 33.

The number enrolled was in effect limited to those between the ages of 14 and 16 years, who were compelled to attend school, but unable to attend the day schools for reasons given above. Many applied for admission who were not compelled to be in school but desired to avail themselves of the opportunity furnished by the night school for continuing their education. For want of sufficient teaching force, this class of applicants was denied admission. The work accomplished by the en- forcement of the compulsory law is best shown in the report of the truant officer, Mr. Claudy, for the period September 8, 1890, to June 12, 1891 : Total number of cases investigated, 830; children found idle and placed in school, 192; children found to be working, contrary to law, and placed in school, 103; children kept home by sickness, 4; children kept home by poverty, 3; children taught at home, 4; children found to be truant and returned to school, 69; children found to be truant and committed to the Boys' Industrial school, at Lancaster, 9; children transferred to the orphans' home, 2; children between the ages of 14 and 16 excused from attending school on the certificate of the superintendent and now' in regular employment, 233; children under 14 withdrawn after 20 weeks' attendance and now in regular employment, 94; children withdrawn from school who have removed from city, 85; children mentally or physically disqualified from attending school, 32.

1 8 58- ' 59. - A.C. Ross, president; A. P. Blocksom, secretary, D. D'Yarmett, William M. Shinnick, Adams PPetchcr, YV. A. Graham, Moses Dillon, treasurer; M. D. Leggett, superintendent.

1859- 60. - Adams Fletcher, president; A. P. Blocksom, secretary; YVm. M. Shinnick; D. D'Yarmett; YV. A. Graham; Alfred Ball; Moses Dillon, treasurer; M. D. Leggett, superintendent.

1860- '6i. - Adams Fletcher, president; A. P. Blockson, secretary; YV. A. Graham; YVm. M. Shinnick; A Ball; PL A. Thompson; Moses Dillon, treasurer; M. D. Leggett, superintendent.

1861- '62. - Adams Fletcher, president; A. P. Blocksom, secretary; Wm. M. Shinnick; A. Ball, F. A. Thompson; Thomas Lindsay ; Moses Dillon, treasurer; M. D. Leggett, superintendent.

1862- 63. - Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary; A. P. Blocksom, Wm. M. Shinnick; Thomas Lindsay; M. C. Mitchell; Moses Dillon, treasurer; C. W. Chandler, superintendent.

1863- 64. - Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary; A. P. Blocksom; Wm. M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay; M. C. Mitchell; A. H. Brown, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent.

1 864- '65 . - Adams Fletcher, president, F. A. Thompson, secretary. Wm. M. Shinnick, Thomas Lindsay, M. C. Mitchell, John R. Price, A. H. Brown, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent.

1 865- '66. - Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary; Thomas Lindsay; J. R. Price; C. C. Russell; W. M. Herriott; A. H. Brown, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent.

1866- '67. - Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary; Thomas Lindsay; J. R. Price; C. C. Russell; W. M. Herriott; YV. A. Graham, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent.

1868- 69. - Adams Fletcher, president; F. A. Thompson, secretary; J. R. Price, C. C. Russell, M. C. Mitchell, George YV. Gheen, George YV. Griffee, Theobald Stemler; W. A. Graham, treasurer; A. P'letcher, financial agent.

1869- 70. - Adams Fletcher, president; C. C. Russell, secretary; J. R. Price, M. C. Mitchell, George YV. Griffee, Theo. Stemler, F. A. Victor, J. YV. Conrade; YV. A. Graham, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent.

1870- 71. - Adams P'letcher, president; C. C. Russell, secretary; George W. Griffee, Theo. Stemler, F. A. Victor, J. YV. Conrade, YVilliam H. Hurd, Isaac Piersol; J. R. Slack, treasurer; A. Fletcher, financial agent; A. T. YViles, superintendent.

1 875- 76. - James C. Gillespie, president; Wil liam H. Hurd, treasurer; Richard Hocking George YV. Griffee, YVilliam Lilienthal, James A. Cox, Henry Shrimpton, Daniel Dugan, A. L. Pierce; A. T. YViles, superintendent and clerk.

1876- 77. James C. Gillespie, president; Chas. C. Goddard, treasurer; James A. Cox, Wm. Lilienthal, Alfred Ball, Martin V. Mitchell, Andrew L. Pierce, John L. Turner, Pmgene Printz; A. T. YViles, superintendent and clerk.

Prior to i83g, the public schools of Zanesville were operated under the general school laws of the state. The first general school law was enacted by the general assembly of 1824- 25. It provided for the election of three directors for each school district, and for a levy for school purposes of one-half a mill on the dollar of taxable property. This law was amended in i82g so as to authorize county commissioners to levy a school tax of three-fourths of a mill. In 1837, the county commissioners were authorized to levy one and a half mills, and in 1838 two mills. In 1 §3g, the county commissioners were authorized to reduce the school levy to one mill. The special law for " the support and better regulation of the schools of the town of Zanesville," passed in 1 S3g, made no provision for a levy by the board of education of a tax for school purposes, but provided that the town council should, upon requisition of the board of education, appropriate annually a sufficient amount of funds to defray the contingent expenses of the schools, for rent, fuel, repairs, &c. The tuition fund was still raised under the provisions of the general law. The funds so obtained were not sufficient to meet the requirements of the schools, and the deficiency was made up by tuition fees, varying in amount in different years.

There were at this time two school districts in Zanesville township, outside the corporate limits of the town, that shared equally with the borough in the funds arising from taxation. In 1848, the board of education of the town secured an amendment to the law whereby the taxable property of the borough was made returnable separate and apart from that in the township outside the borough. In i84g, a law was enacted by the general assembly for the "support and better regulation of public schools in cities and towns," the twelfth section of which authorized boards of education to determine the amount of tax to be levied for all school purposes, except the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings, provided that such tax should not exceed four mills upon the dollar of taxable property. In 1851 this section was, by special act, made applicable to the city of Zanesville. The last enactment relieved the city council of the duty of providing for the contingent expenses of the schools, leaving with that body only the duty of purchasing sites and erecting buildings. Under the special law of l83g, modified by the several amendments named above, the schools of Zanesville were conducted until the enacment of the present general school law.

Besides these amendments directly affecting the law under which the schools of Zanesville were conducted, it was further modified by provisions contained in the city charter, and subsequently by those of the municipal code, as well as by amendments to the general school law of the state. These acts and amendments were so conflicting and contradictory, and so inconsistent with the original Zanesville school law of 1839, that it became a very difficult matter to determine what were the legal rights and duties of the board of education, and to what extent the powers of the city council extended to the educational department of the city, and led to much embarrassment in the relations of these two bodies. These embarrassments have been removed by the provisions of the general school law of 1873, which vests the title of all property formerly held by the city council for school purposes, in the board of education, and authorizes the board of education to provide for tuitional and contingent expenses by the levy of a tax not exceeding seven mills on the dollar of taxable property, and, if necessary, to borrow money upon bonds for the purchase of sites and the erection of buildings.

In addition to the funds arising from taxation, the board of education received from the trustees of the Mclntire estate, from 1856 to 1865, a sum sufficient to defray the expenses of the schools taught in the Mclntire building, since which time they received annually, from the same source, the sum of 88,000 until the opening of the school year 1878-79, when the trustees of this estate reduced the amount for tuitionary purposes to 87,000, and directed that the sum of 81,800 be expended in books and clothing for poor children. In June, 1880, the contract with the board under which this amount of money was annually received from the Mclntire estate was rescinded. The trustees, however have annually given to the board of education the sum of 8i,000 to be expended in books and clothing for poor children who attended the public schools. The action of the trustees of this estate in withdrawing this amount of money from the support of the public schools was made necessary by the expenditure of money by them in establishing a children's home. A tract of land now within the corporate limits of Zanesville, was purchased and improved, and elegant buildings, including a school house, with all necessary conveniences for caring for small children, were erected. This institution is known as the John Mclntire children's home. Prior to the withdrawal of this money by the Mclntire trustees, the local levy for school purposes, made by the board of education, was three and one-half mills. The loss of this amount from the school funds, the building of new school houses, and the furnishing of other buildings with steam-heating apparatus, and new furniture, made it necessary for the board to increase the levy, which, for the year 1886-87, was five ar>d one-half mills. The limit fixed by the state law is seven mills.

P'emale Seminary, inaugurated in 1835 an<-l incorporated in 1836: Zanesville Business College, established in April, 1866; St. Thomas Catholic School, organized in 1856; Trinity Lutheran School, opened about i860; St. Nicholas Catholic School; Radef Schulem Hebrew School, and Putnam Academy, a military school for boys, Rev. E. E. Rogers principal and proprietor, now in its second year.

Closely allied with the educational history of Zanesville is that of its old and valuable library. The Zanesville Athenaeum is the crowning result of numerous zealous efforts and had its inception in a movement for the formation of a reading society in 1827. December 19, that year, a meeting was held for that purpose. Alexander Harper presided; Alfred Martin was secretary. Richard Stillwell, Allen Cadwallader and C. B. Goddard were appointed a committee to draft articles of association. These articles show that it was a library association pure and simple, governed as most library associations are governed, charging an annual membership fee of 85 with the proviso that one already a member might secure to a member of his family, a minor fourteen years old or over, the privileges of a member on payment of an annual fee of 82. These regulations were amended February 16, 1829, to the code now in force. The association was incorporated December 22, 1828. The following were signers and stockholders with voting privileges: Charles B. Goddard, H. L. Pierce, George B. Reeve, David Reed, S. H. Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Amos G. Baldwin, A. C. Howard, John Milson, Jr., Henry Granger, William Blocksom, Stephen Burwell, Daniel Convers, Josiah Spalding, Samuel Russell, Jacob Stout, Adam Peters, W. R. Putnam, W. C. Pelham, C. C. Convers, J. V. Cushing, A. Cadwalladcr, J. Belknap, John Sherrard, Robert Fulton, W. A. Adams, James Reeve, W. L. Jackson, Samuel Hall, T. Flaunerer, Joseph Robertson, J. Molleston, Charles Hill, Richard Stillwell,

B. Van Horne, John A. Adams, Joseph Caldwell, Alfred Martin, Robert Richmond, M. D. Wheeler, Washington Moorehead, George Golden, L. P. Bailey, George H. Flood, M. Dulty, R. W. Rhodes and one hundred others. The first officers of the association were Alexander Harper, president; Alfred Martin, secretary; J. V. Cushing, treasurer; Seth Adams, librarian; R. Stillwell, A. Cadwallader, of several of the leading magazines and newspapers of the day. In 1830 the county leased the grounds where the present court house stands, and they erected thereon a building at a cost of $3,500, where they remained until 1874, when they removed to their present commodious quarters at 30 and 32 South Fifth street. At present the Library has a revenue of about $2,000 annually, and contains about six thousand volumes. The income of the Athenaeum is $1,000 annually from the Mclntire estate, to which are added rents and $4 annually from each stockholder. The present officers are Dr. E. C. Brush, president; J. R. Stonesipher, secretary and treasurer; Miss M. A. Stillwell, librarian.

Bench And Bar

PRINCIPALLY, the following interesting sketch of Muskingum county's judicial history from 1804 to 1877 is taken from the address of Hon. Moses M. Granger, of Zanesville, delivered at the dedication of the Muskingum county court-house, on the 1st of May, 1877: The county's birthday was March 1,

1804. On April 25, 1804, the first session of the court of common pleas was held in David Harvey's tavern. Ohio had borrowed a judicial system from Pennsylvania, and, grouping several counties in a "circuit," assigned it to one president judge. He was required to be a lawyer, and was elected by the state legislature. That body also chose from among the electors of each county three citizens - not lawyers - and called them associate judges. The president and two associates made up a quorum; in the absence of the president, the three associates could sit as a court. Special sessions could be held as often as needed by the associates, and they disposed of the great body of the ordinary work now done in the probate court. The state, in 1804, embraced three circuits. The second contained Adams, Fairfield, Franklin, Gallia, Muskingum, Ross and Scioto counties, and the 25th of April was by law named for the beginning of the first term of common pleas in Muskingum, being the third

Monday in the month. The supreme court consisted of three judges, and was required to hold one term each year in each county, and the said third Monday, April 25, 1804, was fixed for the beginning of the first term of the supreme court in this county. There is no record extant of any session of the supreme court, but the president judge of the common pleas circuit that year was Levin Betts. The county offices contain no docket or record of any kind touching that session, and it is very probable that it was merely a formal one. Abel Lewis was by the court appointed clerk pro tern, of the court of common pleas, and over his signature the earliest writ issued from the common pleas of which any record exists went out on June 6, 1804, being a capias ad respondendum at the suit of Samuel Courier, husbandman-carter, versus James Sprague. Wyllis Silliman was attorney for plaintiff, and Philemon Beecher, of Lancaster, appeared for the defense. The action was in slander; damages claimed, S500; the slander charged being the use of the words, "You arc a thief, and I can prove it." The declaration was in the old verbose form. Verdict for the plaintiff; damages, $3. This verdict was rendered in November, 1804, and so far as the records show was the first one in the county. Lawyer Silliman evidently was dis- pleased with his client, for on November 20, same month, he sued out another capias as attorney for the very James Sprague from whom he had just recovered the 83, and arrested his former client, Samuel Courier, husbandman-carter, in a suit for $100 debt. Lewis Cass defended this suit, and at August term, 1805, obtained a verdict, and James Sprague had to pay the costs. Following is the composition of the first petit jury in Muskingum common pleas: 1, William Montgomery; 2, Isaac Prior; 3, John Reasoner; 4, Joseph Neff; 5, Thomas Cordray; 6, David Herron; 7, William Dusenberry; 8, William Reasoner; 9, Daniel Campbell; 10, Joseph Stotts; 11, David Enslow; the twelfth man did not appear.

The record is not signed, and it cannot be stated with certainty what judge presided, but it was probably Levin Betts. Nothing can be learned as to his history. Muskingum remained in his circuit less than a year. It is probable that he resided nearor west of the Scioto, as the most populous part of his circuit was Ross county, which had a large influence in the legislature by which he must have been elected.

The act of February 22, 1805, transferred Muskingum to the Third circuit, composed of the counties of Belmont, Columbiana, Jefferson, Muskingum, Trumbull and Washington, and thereby Calvin Pease became the president judge. He was even then, although he had been for some years on the bench, only twentyseven years old. A New-Englander, sharp, energetic and witty. He resided in Trumbull county, and "administered the law to all the inhabitants of the state east of the Muskingum river," and performed his duties as judge " with much ability and integrity." He ceased to be judge of this court at the close of 1807, but became one of the judges of the supreme court of the state in 1816, and at the same time John McLean, who for so many years adorned the bench of the highest national court, was chosen a member of the same court. Judge Pease afterwards practiced law in Trumbull and adjoining counties. It may be well to here add a list of the common pleas judges who have presided in the county: 1804, Levin Betts; 1805-1808, Calvin Pease; 1808-1822, William Wilson; 1822-1836, Alexander Harper; 1836- 1846, Corrington W. Searle; 1847-October 17, 1851, Richard Stillwell; October 17, 1851-February 9, 1852, Corrington W. Searle; 1 852 - September 16, 1854, Richard Stillwell; September 16, 1854-October 20, 1854, John PI Hanna October 20, 1854 - 19th October, 1855, Charles C. Convers; October, 19, 1855-25111 October,

William Wilson, third president judge of the Muskingum common pleas, was born in the year 1770, at or near Goffstown, a village about fifteen miles south of Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. The son of a farmer, he was educated at Dartmouth college. The following sketch was written by James R. Stanbery, Esq., of Newark:

" Having studied law in his native state, he removed to Johnstown, New York, where he practiced a short time, and then came to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he married. He was appointed president judge of the court of common pleas in the year 1808, when Licking county was organized, and presided in the courts of the district of which Licking was then a part, until the year 1822. In October, 1822, he was elected to congress. He served as member of congress for one term, and was re-elected, served a second term, and died in 1827, and is buried at Newark, Ohio. The counties composing his judicial district included P'airfield, Licking, Knox, Muskingum and others. His characteristics as a man were peculiar, and he was while he lived, noted for his liberality, and had the confidence and regard of all his neighbors. He was foremost in all public enterprises of his day, and consulted in all matters of public interest. He was very easy of approach by all, and had a popularity which always secured him public position when he aspired to it. His knowledge of his profession is said not to have been profound, but his administration of justice was satisfactory, and up to the requirements of the time in which he lived. He believed in keeping the peace and ridding the community of obnoxious offenders in a small way by what now might be considered a more summary process than attends " the law's delay." There was once on a time in the history of the village in which he lived, then containing a sparse population, such men as were known as wife beaters, and the citizens upon one occasion (as recollected by the writer who was then a boy), had convened to punish such an offender; after diligent search for him, they found him concealed in his cabin, and had prepared a rail upon which it was proposed to mount him.

By common consent of the crowd before administering the punishment, concluded that Judge Wilson should first be consulted as to its propriety. The residence of the judge was sought, who being aroused from his bed, and advised of the object of the visit, which was in the night, promptly approved of the decision of his neighbors, and after furnishing the necessary luxuries, headed the procession and carried the offender to be dealt with as had been decided. When the ride was extended far enough, the victim being rested and refreshed from time to time, the judge delivered him a lecture, and directed him to leave the neighborhood and never again revisit it. That man never came back."

"Judge Alexander Harper," says Judge Granger, "was born February 5, 1786, I think in the North of Ireland. I cannot give you the date at which he became a member of the bar of our county; but the oldest existing docket shows him engaged in cases at August term, 1813. From 1817 to 1822, he had with him in a firm styled Harper & Doland, John Doland, who about 1824-5, moved to Perry county. In October, 1820, Mr. Harper was elected to represent Muskingum in the state house of representatives, and re-elected in 1821. In 1822, he was chosen judge.

" On retiring from the bench in 1836, Judge Harper followed the precedent set by Judge Wilson, and was elected as our representative in congress, and as such served for four terms, 1 837-39 ; 1843-47; 1851-53. He died December 1, i860. His long life in our midst made him so known that many who hear me can describe him far better than I. When I came to the bar he was just leaving it. I can recall only one instance in which I heard him argue a cause. He was defending a man nearly as old as himself, who under great provocation had shot and killed a man in, I think, Jefferson township. Judge Harper, as known to me, was always even-tempered and kind in manner. His old client, to whom I refer, as he sat behind his counsel, showed a face so gentle, so unmarked by passion, that I yielded ready credit to his many neighbors who testified that when not influenced or overcome by liquor, his temper and conduct had always been peaceful. Judge Harper, old as he was, spoke with much of the fire of his early days, and so carried court and jury with him that the verdict was manslaughter, and the sentence the mildest permitted by the law. Another of my few remembrances connected with Judge Harper, is the fact thatwhen in 1851, the Whig congressional convention was about to meet to name a candidate whose lection was sure, the general sentiment of the district awarded the place to the judge. This fact always seemed to me very creditable to him. After fourteen years' service as judge, and six years in congress, to be so called upon as a candidate in a district where undoubted party success would naturally invite competition before the convention, seems good proof that in his long public service, Alexander Harper had shown himself capable and honest. No one in our present bar was in practice while Judge Harper was upon the bench; hence neither you nor I can learn further details of his judicial career. Such men as Thomas Ewing, the elder, Philemon Beecher, Henry Stanbery, Charles B. Goddard, and others appeared before him year after year, and his circuit comprised a number of important and influential counties. Under these circumstances, after seven years of services, the general assembly, in 1829, re-elected him; while therefore, details are absent, the outlines prove him a worthy judge.

" His successor, Corrington W. Searle, was a resident of Newark, when in 1836, he was chosen to office. He soon removed to Zanesville, and remained in or near our city until his death. Born in Wyoming valley, Pennsylvania, of Connecticut parentage, he came in early manhood to Ohio, studied law in the office of Wyllis Siliman, and was admitted about 1820. Called to the bar in a newly settled state, while libraries were scarce and scant, and books costly and difficult to procure, the circumstances under which Ohio law practice needs must be carried on, reinforced his vigorous intellect and keen perception and so familiarized him with the great foundation principles of law that for him their application to any given state of facts was an easy task; and he rarely failed to rightly and speedily solve the most complex legal problems. A correct thinker, he never wasted words in giving expression to his thoughts; every word used occupied a fitting place and carried some portion of the sense intended to be conveyed. His observation was keen; he well understood the men who, as litigants, lawyers, jurors, or witnesses came before him. As a judge, his decisions, were clear, concise and accurate; as a lawyer, his examination or cross examination of a witness resulted in presenting to court or jury every fact spoken of in as favorable light for his side of the case as well judged questions could produce. As an advocate, his manner was quiet but impressive, and united with his correct reasoning and clear style, gave him great influence with court and jury. Becoming tired of judicial work, he resigned at the close of the year 1846, and began practice in the law office vacated by Judge Stillwell. As shown by the list heretofore given, he was subsequently twice recalled to the judgeship during vacancies by resignations. Judge Searle presided for the last time October 25, 1856. After that date he undertook no new cases, and seldom appeared in court. He lived on his farm, about a mile south of Putnam, until, shortly before his death, he removed to Zanesville, and died there December 1, 1865.

To fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Searle, the legislature selected Richard Stillwell, at the session of 1846-47. Before the ensuing term of court, he became seriously ill, and so continued for an entire year. He wished to resign, but the bar were urgent that he should remain in office. He first sat as judge, in this county, on the 4th day of April, 1848. In October, 1850, he was chosen to represent the county in the convention which formed our present constitution, and in October, 1851, was elected judge of common pleas, for the sub-division composed of Muskingum, Morgan and Noble counties; the first judge chosen for us by popular election. In September, 1854, he resigned and resumed practice. He was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1797, and was brought in childhood to our county by his father, Daniel Stilwell, who sat as associate judge of common pleas, in 1817. "Young Stillwell," says Mr. Granger, "studied law in Zanesville, with Gen. Derrick, and was admitted to the bar about 1819. His name first appears as engaged in a cause at July term, 1819. He was soon afterward made prosecuting attorney, which office he ably filled for many years. He soon acquired a large practice, and thenceforward held a leading position in our bar. His mind was active and his temperament nervous. Himself an able lawyer and a zealous worker, he had small patience with the ill-prepared, the careless, or the idle, and ever sought to prevent unnecessary delays in the trial of causes. But he was quick to detect real merit and to encourage the young lawyer who evinced industry, study and professional ambition. Like his predecessor, Judge Searle, he was well grounded in legal principles and ready and apt in correctly applying them to the facts in the case; and also, clear and concise in his charges and decisions. He was judge in my student days, and I well remember how wonderful it seemed to me, that so soon as the arguments closed, he could, as he did, turn to the jury and with scarce a pause, referring to no book, and rarely ever to the papers in the case, tell them pointedly how, if the facts were so and so, their verdict-must be for the plaintiff; or if so and so, for the defendant. He never troubled them with legal theorems, or quotations, or disquisitions, and sent them into their room 'all at sea' to puzzle out the application of extracts from law books to what facts seemed to them proven; he, as it were, translated general statements of legal propositions into the language of the facts in the case; and when the jury agreed as to the facts their difficulties were at an end." Both Searle and Stillwell, loved the old common law and its system of pleading, and were reluctant to part with even its objectionable technicalities. This was very natural. It had been the study of their youth; the work of their lives had been controlled and measured by it, and the change came when they had reached that age which sees most readily the possible perils of that which is new, and is almost blind to the imperfections of that which had long been familiar. Resuming practice in the fall of 1854, with his son-in-law, Capt. John C. Hazlett as his partner, he engaged far more actively than did Judge Searle, and continued until his last sickness. He died February 2d, 1862.

On September 16, 1854, John E. Hanna, of Morgan county, was commissioned by Governor Medill, to fill the vacancy until a successor could be elected. He sat as common pleas judge for three days, and attended as one of the district court judges, at September term, 1854. In October, Charles C. Convers, was elected by the people, and on October 20th was commissioned, and Judge Hanna's brief term came to an end. John E. Hanna was born December 19, 1805, in Westmoreand county, Pennsylvania. In 18 1 5, his father came to Harrison county, Ohio., and there the son began to read law with Chauncey Dewey, in the spring of 1823, and was admitted to the bar on September 27, 1825, at New Philadelphia. He located at McConnelsville, in April, 1826. In 1840, February 1 8th, he was by the legislature chosen president judge of common pleas for the then Eighth circuit, composed of the counties of Athens, Gallia, Lawrence, Meigs, Morgan, Washington and Scioto, and served seven years. On his retirement from the bench, he resumed practice at the bar. As he is still amongst us, known and liked by all, I shall leave to some future chronicler the summing up of his career. Long may he live, as cheerful and kindly as he is now. I know no man who has passed the measure of

Charles C. Convers was born in Zanesville on the 26th day of July, 1810; son of the same Daniel Convers who in his youth had brought the first mail from Marietta, and grandson of Benjamin Convers and Josiah Munro, both members of " The Ohio Company." He studied law in the office of his brother-in-law, Charles B. Goddard; came to the bar in 1831 or 1832; practiced for many years in the firm of Goddard & Convers; represented the county in the state senate in 1849 and 1850; was speaker of the state senate during the interesting session of 1850-5 1 ; was a candidate on the Whig ticket for supreme judge in 1851, but the Democrats carried the state; was elected common pleas judge in October, 1854, and judge of the supreme court in 1855. He was sworn into office as judge of the supreme court in February, 1856, but the disease that was to cause his death had already seized upon him, and there being no hope of his recovery he soon resigned. He died September 10, i860.

Judge Convers differed in many ways from his predecessors. Already in his school-boy days schools and colleges had been established in the state; the university at Athens had already graduated Thomas Ewing and others. His father gave to his son freely all accessible educational advantages - supplementing school, college and office instruction by sending him to the Harvard law school, then in its earlier and palmy days. There he heard the lectures of Story and Greenleaf, and had for fellow-students such men as Benjamin Robbins Curtis and Charles Sumner - since famous, the one upon the bench and at the bar of the supreme court of the United States, the other in the national senate. An eager and diligent student, he became, it may be safely said, more "learned in the law" than any other Ohio lawyer of his day. This devotion to study; this vast reading not unnaturally prevented him from grasping the controlling principles of the law as firmly as his predecessors had done. Accustomed to books - possessed of one of the most complete law libraries then in the state he, as it were, by an insensible process of growth, came to rely upon books and precedents rather than on reasoning from legal principles. Ilis mind readily perceived distinctions, and his retentive memory kept ever present the variations and exceptions to which every rule is subject. Ilis great conscientiousness made it seem a duty to accompany every annunciation of a legal proposition from the bench, in an opinion or a charge, with a statement of the modifications, variations and exceptions to which it might be subject. This habit, while so creditable in motive, while it gave signal proof of his legal erudition, and conveyed much information profitable to the attentive student or lawyer, occasionally embarrassed juries, who naturally could not remember enough of such detailed instructions to properly apply them. This character of mind caused him to prefer the hearing and determination of equity cases to sitting as a nisi prius judge with a jury.

" I had the profit and pleasure of studying law in his office," says Judge Granger, "and ever have and ever- will remember him with honor and affection. A cultured gentleman, refined and courteous, he sought to foster in his students a love for the law as a science and an ambition to elevate the esprit du corps of the bar." Of slight frame physically, his constitution, temperament and habit gave him as an advocate the manner of the scholar rather than that of the orator, but his earnestness , his argumentative power, backed by his thorough acquaintance with the law and facts of his case, made him very influential with court and jury. His reputation as a lawyer of great learning and ability gave him a practice more extensive, considering the territory covered, than that enjoyed by any other resident member of the Muskingum bar. His retainers in cases for argument in the supreme court came from counties in all parts of Southeastern Ohio, and his name appears in the Ohio reports during the last half of his practice oftener, perhaps, than that of any other Muskingum county lawyer.

The vacancy caused by his resignation as common pleas judge was filled, as already stated, by Judge Searle, who held under appointment of the Governor until the election and qualification of Judge Marsh, in October, 1856. "As for the remaining Judges, Marsh, Evans, Granger, Wood and Frazier, they yet live and may be seen and known of you all. Some future historian of your county and its courts may tell another generation of their work."

Thus much as to the lawyer-judges of the Muskingum common pleas. For half a century - 1802-1852 - beside the lawyer or president judge sat three associate judges, who were chosen by the state legislature from the electors resident of the county and served terms of seven years each unless sooner removed by death, resignation or "for cause."

E. H. Church, an old resident, well known to you, tells me that David Harvey sat at April Term, 1804, but he cannot recall the names of the other two." In 1805, the journal shows that Jesse Fulton, Richard McBride and William Mitchell sat with Judge Pease. After the first appointments, such provision was made by law that the terms of the associates expired in different years, so that but one would go off the bench at a time. Thus Richard McBride was succeeded by David Findley, and then they came thus: Ebenezer Buckingham,

As already stated, these associate judges formed a necessary part of the court at all times, and alone, as a general thing, transacted all business pertaining to an orphans' or probate court. Yet each of them had a right to vote upon every decision; and for a whole year, in 1847, while Judge Stillwell was sick, the associates - Springer, Cox and Reed - held the court, Judge Springer presiding. And between 1847 and 1852 there was much litigation between Jacob Baker and Michael D. Gittings, and as Judges Searle and Stillwell had been of counsel neither could sit as judge; so the same associates alone heard and determined such of said causes as were passed upon prior to February, 1852.

At the last term held under the old Constitution-in January, 1852 - a month before their court was to expire, a question arose that for the first time, so far as is known, resulted in the overruling of the opinion of the president judge by his associates. Numerous indictments under the liquor law of 1851 had been presented by the grand jury. The prosecuting attorney, now and for many years past a distinguished lawyer, had omitted a certain averment. Judge Searle, in deciding a motion to quash one of these indictments, following what had become a custom when such question came up, announced an opinion sustaining the motion, as the judgment of the court without first consulting the associates. This occurred in the forenoon. The question involved had been much discussed, not only in court but among the people, and temperance men were anxious that the prosecutions should be sustained. Judge Cox, on the opening of court in the afternoon, announced an opinion against the motion to quash; Judge Reed de dared that he concurred with Judge Cox, with the associate Judges." Judge Searle quietly entered the decision on the docket, and soon after declared the court adjourned sine die , and the old court with the old constitution was dead. The question involved survived, and Judge Stillwell at the next term decided it in the same way as the associates had done; but the supreme court agreed with Judge Searle, by a vote of three judges to one.

The list of associate judges contains the names of many men well known for their experience, good sense, good judgment, and integrity. No one of them was ever "removed for cause." No charge of misconduct was ever even preferred against any of them. For half a century they administered the laws regulating the administration of estates, partition of lands, etc., sensibly and justly. These duties and others, some of a kindred nature, and others touching upon common pleas jurisdiction, have since February, 1852, been discharged by the probate court.

In this court the following named judges have held office in this county: Mahlon Sims, 1852-58; William T. Mason, 1858-64; R. W. P. Muse, 1864-70; Henry L. Korte, 1870-73; Reuben H. Morgan, 1873-75; Henry L. Korte, 1875. Of these judges, Sims alone is dead. When elected he was a farmer in Hopewell township. He was re-elected, served out his term; was chosen a justice of the peace in Springfield township, and died about September, 1862. Judge Mason, a farmer of Meigs township, served also two terms. Judges Muse, Korte and Morgan were lawyers. Under the old constitution, every year a term of the supreme court was held in Zanesville, and in turn all the judges of that court sat in "Old 1809."

So also, since 1852, the sessions of the district court have brought here in turn every supreme judge, save Judge Day, and the common pleas judges of the Second and Third subdivisions of the Eighth judicial district. None, of these can properly be said to have belonged to the county courts; their number forbids any attempt to even name.

Attention is now directed to "the bar." "I think," says Judge Granger, "Wyllis Silliman was the first lawyer who 'settled' in Muskingum county. Mr. Church says that he was present at the April term, 1804." With or very soon after him came Lewis Cass, his brotherin-law, and in 1805 Silliman, Cass and Herrick were the only resident lawyers. Philemon

Beecher, William W. Irwin and Elijah B. Mervin, of Lancaster, and Mathew Backus, of Marietta, attended that term. It was held in the "hewed log dwelling house, built by James Herron, enclosed but not finished" - the same house heretofore referred to, located south of Main and on the west side of Sixth street. In 1809 Samuel W. Culbertson became a resident lawyer in Zanesville.