Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 5 of 31)

On the 1 7th, four sunken boats were seen that had been snagged. The night of the 1 8th and morning of the 19th of December the weather was very cold, the thermometer was near zero, and ice was rapidly forming. At two o'clock in the morning, soon after the first watch had left their places, there came a crash, a heavy shock, and the boat turned on its side; the boflers rolled into the river. A snag was struck, and the boat was sinking. The roof floated off, with Victor Fell, of Zanesville, on it. He was saved. David Hahn, Monroe Ayers and another man made a raft of the gang-plank and went ashore, and ran down the shore a distance and found a yawl, which they took and made for the boat, and commenced rescuing the passengers. When the snag was struck and the boat careened, there were a number drowned, and among the number were Mr. and Mrs. Bowen and their son. The crew of the boat worked like heroes. The cabin broke loose from the hull, and floated down the river several miles, with human beings clinging on the wreck. Mrs. Wyncoop and her son were rescued about two miles from the place of the disaster. Others were taken off as rapidly as the men in the yawl could relieve them. Robert Burns, of Cincinnati, a steamboat engineer, froze to death.

There were no other Zanesville people lost except the Bowen family. Their bodies were never found. The passengers and crew that escaped found shelter in the negro huts on the shore.

The cabin floated as far as Island 74, where it struck the ground; the people yet clinging to it were saved. Mr. Wyncoop was rescued at this place. From all obtainable information, eighteen or twenty passengers were lost, but all the crew escaped. The citizens of Napoleon, which town has itself been washed away by the "Father of Waters," had a social, and raised many things for the unfortunate victims of the wreck. Some of them went to New Orleans, others took passage for home. Mr. and Mrs. Wyncoop and son went to Vicksburg.

As soon as the Muskingum river improvement was ready for steamboats, warehouses were established at Zanesville engaged in the forwarding and commission business, transferring freight from the canal boats, which were towed by the steamboats engaged in the Dresden trade, for the steamboats in the Pittsburg and Cincinnati trade, and also the freight brought from the above cities for the towns on the Ohio canal. The most prominent firm had their warehouse at the south end of Fifth street, the building yet occupied for many years. There were other large warehouses near the present location of the Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley freight office. Their trade was principally by the canal, and salt was a large item in their busiuess, for at that time there were many salt works engaged in manufacturing along the Muskingum river. Only one of the thirty is at present in active operation.

N. YV. Graham & Co., were owners of many canal boats, and their steamboats carried tons of freight from Pittsburg and Cincinnati for the towns along the canal. They engaged to deliver goods from Cincinnati, Philadelphia and Pittsburg for any destination either by boats or wagons, from Zanesville to surrounding towns. This firm was one of the most enterprising in Zanesville at that time.

The first steam whistle on a Muskingum river boat was on the " May Queen." A number of men were loading a boat at the Buckingham & Sturges warehouse, now at the Putnam end of the Sixth street bridge; they heard a noise different from any other noise at that time. They stopped their work, listened and only one person attempted to explain it. He said: " My mother was East and she says they have a thing on the locomotives that makes a noise by steam, and I think it is one of 'them things' they have on locomotives." These men claim the " May Queen " was the first boat that had a whistle on it in this river trade. She was destroyed by fire at Marietta.

The steamer "Newark" was built at Zanesville, by James and Stephen Bishop. It was engaged in the trade from Zanesville to Pittsburg, and also made trips to Cincinnati. The Newark was an unfortunate steamboat. On a Pittsburgh trip, when nearly opposite Liverpool, a flue bursted, killing Cris Kassell and Lafayette Hubbell, and badly scalding George Ross, the engineer. The boat was repaired, and it continued running, having a profitable business in the Pittsburg trade, when the owners built the steamer Enterprise, the largest boat, at that time, that had engaged in this trade. In the spring of 1849, the "Newark" was the Zanesville and Marietta packet, captain, Robert Leslie; pilot, John Boyd; engineer, Joseph Howland; clerk, C. Lrame. About April 1 , the "Enterprise" returned from a trip to New Orleans, bringing a large cargo of sugar and molasses. The boat paid the largest toll ever paid on the river, nearly $500. The Enterprise then loaded for Pittsburg, taking 3,000 barrels of flour from the Fifth street warehouse, and other freight, making 600 tons. This was the first trip for the Enterprise to Pittsburg. The officers on this trip were: Captain Stephen Bishop; mates, Monroe Ayers and John Henderson; pilots, James Hahn and Jesse Smith; engineers, David Hahn and another; clerks, George Brooks and C. Frame. There were no guards in front or on the sides of the boat, only heaving raising, as the boat hull completely filled the locks. It was a side-wheel boat, the wheels being in recesses near the stern, leaving all available space possible for freight. The cabin was nearly the width of the boat. There was a "texas" on the main cabin, with a hall and rooms for the officers. At that time the freight was raised from the hold of boats by a windlass, using hand power.

On the return of the "Enterprise" from Pittsburg preparation for a trip to Ft. Independence or Leavenworth was already made. Young men from the country arrived, getting their outfit ready for a trip across the plains - their wagons occupying much space on the boat. The hurricane deck was covered with the freight, as well as every available space of the boat. Many families were passengers going to Iowa and other Western states. It was a grand sight when the boat's lines were hauled in preparatory to passing down the canal. There was much hand-shaking and " wishing you a safe journey." The boat at last passed out of the lock, turned and headed down the river amid loud hurrahs. Friends remained on the lock walls until it passed around the bend in the river. Some of the passengers again returned after years of hardship, poorer than when they left Zanesville, others died on the plains, and a few made fortunes in California, and remained there. The family of Samuel Brown, consisting of sons, daughters and sonsin-law, were among the passengers. Mr. Brown's daughter, Mary, whose husband was a Mr. Dutro, died on the trip across the plains. John Henderson, who died at Columbus in the winter of 1891-92, was second mate on the boat. He had a money-interest in the craft, and he continued on it until it was in the Licking river near Cincinnati in 1851. The "Newark" carried a number of wagons for the "Enterprise" to Harmer.

Business was very good in the river trade in the spring of 1849. The crew of the "Newark," from the captain to the smallest cabin boy, worked for the owners of the boat until the return of the "Enterprise." The firm called on the clerk for all the money and bills, the time of men ordered made out, and while the captain and clerk were engaged at the work the sheriff called and levied on the boat for indebtedness to a firm in Marietta, who held a chattel mortgage on the boat and the furniture for 8300. None of them had been paid their wages for a month. They clubbed together and employed an attorney to secure their wages. They were advised to put in their claims and buy the boat. All of them together did not have $300 cash, enough to pay the mortgage, so they let the sale take place, being informed the boat, if sold, was bound for their wages. It was sold and purchased by N. W. Graham & Co. for $300. After a number of efforts at law, the men lost their case and the amount due them from the "Newark" went to the wrong side of their profit and loss accounts. A number of the men worked for N. W. Graham & Co. for many years after the sale of the "Newark."

The boat was repaired and continued in the Zanesville and Marietta trade until sunk, loaded with groceries for Zanesville merchants, at Luke Chute. The "Newark" was unfortunate.

From the year 1848 to the completion of the Central Ohio railroad, the business for steamboats in the Zanesville trade to Pittsburg and Cincinnati, was very heavy. All freight to and from the East and South had either to be carried on the steamboats or wagoned from Wheeling.

The spring trade in 1850, was good. "Jenny Lind," "Julia Deane," "Malta," and "Plmpress" were regular boats in the Pittsburg and Cincinnati trade and the "Viroqua," a regular tri-weekly packet in the Marietta trade. The steamer "Viroqua" came to the Muskingum river trade from Monongahela river. The boat was a model packet for the Marietta trade. Robert Galloway was captain; Joseph McVey and Dr. Wm. Milhouse, clerks; John Boyd, pilot. Captain McVey took command of the "Julia Dean" and C. Frame became second clerk of the "Viroqua." Dr. Milhouse taking charge of the office. After a time, Capt. Smith, chief owner of the Monogahela City relieved Galloway of command. Meantime, Dr. Milhouse having gone to the "Malta," C. Frame received promotion to the first clerkship.

Capt. Smith was not a river man, and he was a reformer. He claimed that the wages of the pilots, engineers and mates on the "Viroqua" were too high. He reduced the pilot and the engineer $10 per month each, and the mate $5. They all left the boat. He got new men who could not get situations on any boat, then he began his experience in steamboating on the Muskingum river. Many persons would not travel on the boat, and shippers of freight complained their goods were not safe with the pilot and engineer. One week the boat had to pay $300 for repairs. The business fell off, and the captain began to see that cheap pilots, cheap engineers and an inexperienced commander were no advantage to the receipts. He directed the clerk to visit the dismissed men and offer them their old situations. The men were seen and said they would return for an increase over their old wages of $10 for the pilot and engineer and $5 for the mate per month. They all returned, and the captain registered their wages on the crew register. He also increased the clerk's wages $5 per month.

Three weeks' experience with a green commander taught the owners of the boat that they would have more cash if the boat was in charge of experienced men. John Henderson, of Beverly, was employed to take charge of the boat.

The boat had an increase of business, owners were paid big dividends until April, 1851. Capt. Galloway and his friends purchased a controlling interest in the boat. He came to Zanesville, showed his papers and again took command. He dismissed all the men on the boat. Capt. Henderson remained on the "Viroqua" until the boat left the Muskingum trade. The clerk of the " Viroqua " was employed by N. W. Graham & Co., and his work was on the "Jenny Lind" and "Julia Deane" during the trade of 1851. About this time the steamer " Yankee," Capt. Adam McKee, was for a short time in the Pittsburg and Zanesville trade. Nothing unusual occurred with this boat, except one time when detained by high water in the Zanesville canal, the captain gave a swell dinner to his Zanesville friends. It was a dinner - -the best that the steward could provide, Brandy, whisky and wine were plenty, the guests drank freely and it was one of the most hilarious times for all that were present. When the boat returned to Pittsburg, Capt. William Koontz, the principal owner, made inquiry about the Zanesville feast, then the crew were paid and the boat was laid up.

Trade was very brisk in the spring of 1851. P'our boats nearly new were plying between Zanesville and Pittsburg, and plenty of business for all of them, yet the competition between the "Jenny Lind" and "Malta" was encouraged until it was opposition. Captain Henry Dexter, of the "Malta," was always happy when fighting, figurately speaking, some person engaged in the same business. The first difficulty in that season, when blows were struck, was on a Monday morning, at the Zanesville lock. The boats left the landing at the same time, and when they were in the bend of the canal, near the lock, they were side by side, with an excited crew on each boat. The mate of the "Malta" and carpenter of the "Jenny Lind" were soon on the lock wall, engaged in a contest for the lock. The mate of the "Malta" won by knocking the carpenter of the "Jenny Lind" down with a club. The "Malta" passed the lock, and the captain of the "Malta" said, "I will get the McConnelsville tobacco." AtGaysport, the clerk of the "Jenny Lind," who had stopped on the up trip, got aboard the "Malta." He went to the office to pay his passage, when the clerk informed him, "We do not charge you." After dinner, the captain said to the "Jenny Lind" clerk, "As you are now working for Graham & Co., I directed the clerk to charge you full fare." The clerk paid it. The captain was in a good humor, and he said, "We had trouble at the Zanesville lock with the 'Jenny Lind.' We got the lock when our mate knocked your carpenter down with a club. Now I will be first at McConnelsville, and get Hyatt's tobacco, for he will ship on the first boat." The "Malta" landed at the village of Malta, and while the boat was loading some freight, the clerk of the "Jenny Lind" got into a skiff, and he was soon on the McConnelsville side of the river. He ran to Hyatt's office, and inquired if the tobacco was ready to ship. It was; the bills were made except the name of the boat and the rate; they were inserted for the "Jenny Lind." The warehouse doors were opened, and twenty-five hogsheads of tobacco were in a row rolling down to the steamboat landing. Captain Dexter came to Hyatt's office; he was excited. He said, "I'm glad you have the tobacco ready. Where are the bills?" "The clerk of the 'Jenny Lind' there has them." He looked at the shipping book, and when he saw the name, "Jenny Lind," he swore and left the office. The "Malta's" bell rang, and the boat started without the Hyatt tobacco, which had caused the fight at Zanesville lock. The "Jenny Lind" landed at the wharf before the "Malta" was in the channel of the river. There were twentyfive hogsheads of tobacco ready to load. The clerk handed the captain the bill of lading for the tobacco. The captain was surprised at the success of the clerk, saying "We beat them at last." The "Jenny Lind" blew a taunting "toot" as the "Malta" passed the landing. The fight at Zanesville made the carpenter of the "Jenny Lind" very angry on account of the "Malta's" mate using a blub. He said, "I'll get even with the Muskingum bully when we get to Pittsburg."

The mate of the " Malta " was an old bruiser from Meigs township. He was the terror of the people of his vicinity. One year after this event he had a fight, when drunk, with one of his friends who whipped him. This angered him and he shot his friend with a rifle, the ball lodging in his friend's hip. To escape being arrested he went to Virginia, lived a few years, then died. The carpenter of the "Jenny Lind" was a noted Pittsburg man, who had a large acquaintance among the rough element. This first night after the arrival of the boats at Pittsburg, the mate of the "Malta" was watched by the Pittsburg roughs, and as he was returning down the wharf to his boat, a shower of stones struck him and he was more bruised than he bruised the carpenter of the "Jenny Lind " at Zanesville.

Capt. Charles Gallagher, commander of the "Jenny Lind," was an honorable, straightforward business man. He soon found out the opposition boat was paying a "bonus" to a warehouse for freight; then the amount was put on the bills of lading as charges. He opened a correspondence with the principal tobacco shippers in Noble and Washington counties, and before the warehouse men in Washington were aware their acts were discovered he had all the information of their guilt. The boat landed at a large warehouse with an order for a number of hogsheads of tobacco. The warehouse was locked. He went to the owner of the building who informed him that there was no freight for the "Jenny Lind" at his warehouse. A few unpleasant words were passed when the captain pulled out a package of letters from the owners of the totacco and he read them to the warehouse man and he also informed hirxi there would be work for the grand jury, if his plan of shipping was not suspended.

The warehouse was unlocked and all the freight in it was shipped on the "Jenny Lind" and ever after no more freight was held for "boodle," but a sum had to be returned to the owners equal to the amount of the extra charges. The collectors were men above the average of politicians at that time, but the one at Marietta had some opinions of his own that did not suit the river men. He was averse to being disturbed at four o'clock in the morning to make out clearance papers for the boats coming from Pittsburg to Zanesville. One morning, when called on by a boat clerk, he said: "My office hours are from eight A. M., to seven P. M." He refused to give the clearance. The clerk made his report to the captain who ordered the deck hands to open the lock and the boat got her clearance at McConnelsville. The next trip the lock tender was ordered not to let a boat pass unless he was shown the clearance. The next trip a paper was folded in the shape of a clearance, the boat was permitted to go on its way and another clearance was obtained at McConnelsville. On the next trip out the cap- tain accompained the clerk to the collector's office. The collector was indignant, and instead of making out the papers, he engaged in a quarrel with the captain, who requested the clerk to call George W. Manypenny, who was a member of the state board of public works. The collector was surprised at the appearance of Mr. Manypenny. The clearance was soon ready and there was no more trouble with the collector at Marietta.

To the cabin passengers, meals, lodging, etc., were included in the charges for the trip. The table was always loaded with the best and and earliest articles of the season. The dinners on the packets were equal, if not superior, to those of the best hotels. Business men, when traveling, frequently boarded on the boats in port.

. The "Julia Dean" was one of the most popular packets during the season of 1851. There was a number of excursion parties of the young people of Zanesville to Pittsburg and Cincinnati. More pleasure can be had on an excursion on a fine steamboat than any other public conveyance.

Jennie Lind, the famous Swedish singer, in charge of P. T. Barnum was making a tour of the principal cities of the United States, in the summer of 1851, and a grand concert was advertised to be held at Cincinnati. A party was made up at Zanesville for a trip to the Queen City on the "Julia Dean" to hear the famous singer and also enjoy the pleasure of a trip on the "Julia Dean." Atwood's band accompanied the party on the boat, playing at steamboat landings and at the towns on the route. There was a number of passengers, who went for the fun and to enjoy a week's vacation. The previous winter, a menagerie had wintered at Zanesville, One of the zebras had died during that time, and it was skinned and the hide was prepared and stuffed by Mr. Elijah Ross. A Zanesville man was engaged to take the animal to Cincinnati and sell it to a prominent naturalist. The animal was placed on the boat, aft of the boiler, with its head toward the stern of the boat. But few of the passengers had seen it during the day, and only a chosen few knew there was a zebra on the boat, In the evening as twilight was passing away, a boy accompanied by the leader of the band came out of the cabin with a tin pan. Mr. Blank's curiosity was raised, and he inquired, "Where are you going with the pan?" The leader said, "To milk the zebra." Blank exclaimed, "To milk the zeberry! I did not know there was a zcberry on the boat." "Yes, there is, and we arc going to milk it," said the leader. "I'll go too," said Blank. The party proceeded down the stairway to the deck and they passed along the guard until they came to the open space aft of the boilers, where it was quite dark. "Be careful," said the keeper "or some of you will get kicked. This animal is not to be trifled with." Blank was close to the animal, the keeper was patting the animal and saying, "Whoa! whoa! be careful," and when not observed he gave Blank a hard kick with his foot. Poor Blank thought surely the animal had kicked him, and he left for the cabin, claiming he would not risk his life to see a "zeberry" milked. The poor fellow soon found he was sold, and he had to treat his friends. After a pleasant passage the boat landed at the Cincinnati wharf. Many of the passengers remained on the boat, others went to the principal hotels. The sale of tickets took place in the evening for the concert. The unusual high price was more than some of the pocket books would permit and a few young men, accompanied by their best girls, did not want to hear Jenny Lind. A few compromised with their pocket books, and paid ten cents to hear P. T. Barnum lecture on Temperance in the afternoon the next day. The boat remained two days, giving the passengers an opportunity to visit many places of note, also a trip to Newport and Covington. When the time for departure came the load of happy pleasure seekers were on board the boat ready for the home trip. All had heard Jenny Lind sing. They had made the trip to hear the great singer; of course they heard her - such expressions were heard; yet the facts were only a few had paid the high price.

The steamer "Blmpress," commanded by Capt. G. W. Cox, one of the owners of the boat, engaged in the fall trade between Zanesville and Pittsburg, and was the first boat out in the fall trade of 1851. The river was very low, hardly enough of water for a light draught boat in the shoal water on the sand bars between Wheeling and Pittsburg. After many difficulties the boat arrived at Pittsburg and there was plenty of freight for the down river and Zanesville trade. Shipping-houses were full of goods, the owners at distant places were writing "ship on the first boat," and there were only a few boats loading for any destination and none for Zanesville. The captain informed the shippers that lie was not anxious for freight, as the river was very low, and it was nearly impossible for a boat without freight to pass over the shoals at many of the sandbars in the river. After remaining a few days, he agreed, if he could purchase a lighter, he would undertake a trip. He found a flatboat, and also a keel-boat for sale at a reasonable price, which he purchased. The keel-boat was covered so the freight would be protected; the flat boat was open, but on it goods were placed that rain and sun would not injure. Both boats were loaded down as low as the stage of water would permit. The steamboat had about forty tons of Muskingum river freight and a number of passengers. No freight was taken for any place above Wheeling. The price fixed upon was Si per hundred to any destination on the trip. Cabin passengers were charged $12 to Marietta. These prices were the regular low water rates before the days of railroads.

After working hard for seven days, the steamer and its two boats arrived at Marietta. The bottom of the river was too near the top of the water for rapid traveling. The chutes were passed by sending the keelboat in charge of the clerk and the flatboat in charge of another officer. Then the steamboat would try to pass, drawing more water than there was in the channel. The steamer would often grind on the bottom of the river, and then it would stop. Spars would be placed on both sides and after hours of hard work the boat would be on its way to the next shoals. Sometimes not more than three miles were made in twenty-four hours. When the boat arrived at the mouth of the Muskingum river, the water was too low to float the empty steamer over the mitre sills of the lock. The keelboat was run into the lock and there loaded with the freight for up the Muskingum. One pilot, the clerk and twelve Irish deck hands undertook a trip to Zanesville on the keel-boat. After twelve hours' hard work the boat arrived at Lowell. In early days Cat's creek furnished many of the most robust keel-boatmen on the Muskingum. The pilot soon found a new crew of experienced men, then the first crew were paid and they returned to Marietta. In three days from Lowell, the boat arrived in Zanesville. This was the only boat of the kind that has come from Marietta, propelled by Cat's creek machinery since the completion of the locks in 1842. As soon as the goods were unloaded and the bills collected, the pilot and clerk started on the stage coach for Wheeling, where they met the "Empress." This was a profitable trip for the owners of the boat. After all expenses including the purchase price of the keel and flat-boats, there was a net cash balance of $1,700. The fall rains caused a good stage of water, boats were plenty for the trade and in ten days competition lowered freight and passenger rates from $1.00 to twenty-five cents on freight and from $12.00 to $3.00 on passengers. The "Empress" had very light machinery for the size of the boat, hence very slow time was made. Though the boat was very slow it made as many trips as the other boats - one trip to Pittsburg and Cincinnati from Zanesville every week. The men used to say the crew always had more money than the crew of the other boats, for they never had any time to spend any. Nothing unusual occurred until one night in November. A heavy storm was approaching from the west when the boat was passing down the Taylorsville canal. The pilot requested the captain to remain in the lock until the storm passed over, but the "old man" said, "Go ahead, we have no time to lose." On the west bank of the river at that time, there were a number of large trees with limbs hanging out far over the water. The boat left the lock in the midst of the storm, and before the pilot could manage the rudders a steamboat was crashing in the timber, the chimneys falling, the pilot house with a hot stove was overturned and the boat stopped by a large tree. "Fire! fire!" was heard. The passengers in the cabin were alarmed. Some men who were excited were trying to pass a small water barrel half full of water through the scuttle hole to the deck. They were so much excited that they would first strike the cask on one side of the passage, then on the other, and in their confusion they were only adding fuel to the excitement. A young lady of Marietta, who was a student at the Putnam seminary, pushed the men aside, grasped the barrel and passed it with a number of gallons of water in it, up the passage, apparently without any effort. By this time the fire from the stove had caught the wood, and if it had not been for the success of the young lady in getting the water on deck, there would have been one steamboat less on the Muskingum river. The boat remained at the place in the timber until morning. The chimneys were flattened and broken in the fall, the pilot house was scattered on the deck, the pilot's wheel was turned on its side and it was as the old man said: "Here is a beautiful muss." About ten feet of the chimneys were enough straightened to stand, the pilot's wheel was put in place and the men called the boat "stumpy." It went to McConnellsville, the pilot standing at the wheel in full view often being covered with smoke. At Mc- Connelsville temporary repairs were made so the wounded boat could go to Pittsburg where it was repaired.

very cold. The boat unloaded its cargo of produce at Pittsburg and hurriedly took on a load for the Muskingum. There was a large lot of goods for the Christmas trade, and the merchants were very anxious to receive their articles for the holidays. By four o'clock in the afternoon the thermometer registered sixteen degrees below zero. Some of the officers tried to advise the captain not to start on the trip, but as he did at the Taylorsville lock, he ordered the lines loosened, the planks pulled in and the boat backed out from the landing, and soon it was going down the Ohio river, working its way amid floating ice. After worrying along about six miles the captain was convinced that it was no use trying to go any farther. The boat was again headed for Pittsburg, but it did not get there until the river was again clear of ice. At the foot of Bruno island the boat stopped, surrounded by ice. The temperature was now twenty degrees below zero. Here was a dilemma with only one horn, and that was to get the boat to the shore. A council was held and they decided nothing more could be done until the next morning. . In the morning work was begun cutting the ice to make a channel to the Manchester side of the river. After hard work all day the boat was tied up at the Manchester shore.

The river was again open in ten days, and boats were again in the trade, and only one trip was made until another blizzard made a visit and the boats were again frozen in the ice. This time the " Empress" had arrived at Pittsburg. All hands were paid and the boat was in winter quarters. The captain took boarding at the Monongahela house and " other small fry " found comfortable quarters on Fourth street at a boarding house kept by the mother of Mrs. Capt. James Boyd. The ice broke in P'ebruary and there was hurrying to get ready for the trade. In a few days the Pittsburg wharf was thronged with busy men; boats were loading for nearly every town having direct trade with the city. Boxes, barrels and bales of merchandise, iron, nails and glass and the other articles, shipped from that port, were hauled to the " Empress.'' Two hundred and fifty tons of freight were soon loaded, then the old slow boat was ready for a rapid trip with the current to Marrietta. The "Empress" always made good time when floating with the strong current. The captain purchased corn, fresh beef, clover seed, in fact any kind of produce along the river that had a good margin at Pittsburg. Business during the spring trade was very brisk and the profits satisfactory.

The destruction, November 12, 1852, of the "Buckeye Belle," a Zanesville packet, which commenced running in the trade many years ago, was the greatest disaster that ever occurred on the Muskingum river. Pius Padgitt, clerk of the water works board, is at present the only one in Zanesville who was blown up on the boat, and Capt. Calvin Stull, of Beverly, was the pilot on duty at that time. Mr. John T. Brown visited the high hill near the canal a few days after the disaster, and he was shown brick used in lining the boilers that were thrown to the top of the hill.

The boat entered the lock at Beverly about half-past three o'clock in the afternoon, and on her way to Zanesville (being one of the regular packet mail boats from Zanesville to Marietta), she proceeded to Seeley's warehouse, just above the locks, where she was delayed nearly an hour in taking in wheat and freight. Then she proceeded up the canal, and when within about twenty feet of the guardgates, exploded with a terrible crash. It is said by eye-witnesses that the first shock and sight of the explosion were appalling and terrible beyond description, although at the moment its horrors were not half anticipated. All the flues and boilers collapsed and exploded, tearing everything into fragments as far back as the wheel-house, so much so that it left the noble boat a heap of ruins, the hull sinking to the bottom of the canal. Then followed a scene of horror and confusion, which beggars description. The canal and banks for some distance around were covered with the confused mass of the dead, dying and mutilated beings, fragments of the boat, cargo, mail, etc.

From the village of Beverly, some 200 yards below, and, in fact, from all sections of the country, came running fathers, mothers, sisters, relatives, friends and strangers, to render all the aid within their power, and by whose aid many barely escaped an untimely grave. Every possible assistance was instantly rendered to the unfortunate sufferers. Out of the number on board, some forty-five, including passengers and crew, only about eight or ten escaped uninjured. The names of several of the killed and missing were not known. Killed - Franklin

Hamrick, of Duncan Falls, tavern keeper; Henry Mitchell, deck hand, McConnelsville; John Barbour, Pittsburg, Pa.; William Stull, second clerk; Butler, first steward, colored; Johnson, Roxberry; Wheeler, Portsmouth, Ohio; John West, Coal Run, Ohio; first clerk, Milton Whissere, McConnelsville, Ohio. Among the injured were: Hon. C. C. Coney, leg broken (he was a State senator; he died);

In all about twenty dead bodies were found and six or eight missing. A number of the injured were crippled for life. Twenty persons were killed instantly and six others died from injuries in the course of a few days, making a total of twenty-six killed. About forty recovered from their wounds. Two of the most seriously injured of the survivors were the late Thomas I. Nevitt and Pius Padgitt. The escape from instant death of Mr. Padgitt was almost miraculous. The bodies of thirteen unknown persons were picked up and buried side by side in the cemetery at Beverly. In addition a large wooden box was filled with various sized fragments of human flesh and interred at the same time.

In February, 1847, the steamer May Queen was purchased by Captain Kelley and others. The boat was loaded with flour for New Orleans. When she arrived at Marietta, a stop was made by the boat for the night, at the lower end of Hall's wharf boat. Early the next morning passengers in their rooms in the cabin heard the cry, "Fire! fire! the boat is on fire!" Mr. John T. Brown and his wife were occupying a berth in the ladies' cabin. Mrs. Brown heard the cry and she informed her husband, who said, "Don't be alarmed." She quickly arose and dressed; their door was broken in and she was grabbed by a strong man and carried onto the wharf boat across two tiers of salt barrels. The boat by this time was ablaze, every one trying to save his baggage. Mr. Brown came off the boat and then he thought of his purse containing near $200 in gold. The thought of his money caused him to return to his room, facing the danger of the fire. He got it barely in time to save himself. The boat was loaded down with flour, and to save that part of the cargo she was scuttled and sunk. By this time the stanchions which supported the cabin were burned, so the cabin fell over the side of the boat into the river, and when it was falling the large bell sounded one stroke. Captain Kelley, the owner of the boat, was on board. The fire was accidental and he at last recovered the full amount of the insurance on the boat. David Hahn and "Doc" Brown were the engineers on the boat at the

In 1838 the locks at Dresden and Simm's creek were completed and navigation for small steamboats was opened to the entrance of the Ohio canal at Dresden. The shipment of flour to New York began by that route, as the improvement on the lower Muskingum kept navigation closed from 1837 to 1842. Warehouses were built on the river bank near Market street. Canal boats could be seen unloading merchandise brought from Cleveland, and then carried on their return trip flour for New York. It was the major part of their cargoes with salt and other articles for distant markets. The canal boats were towed by small steamers from Zanesville to Dresden.

The "Hope" was the first steamboat to ascend the Muskingum river above Zanesville. It was built by Richard Reeves, an enterprising man who was well known in this part of Ohio. At the April, 1892, meeting of the Muskingum County Pioneer and Historical Society there was quite an argument about the location where the "Hope" was built. Three different localities were claimed by different men. The preponderance of evidence was in favor of the locality now given by an old-time engineer, who was on the river for more than sixty years. He says: "The 'Hope' was built by Dickey Reeves about the year 1825 on the high bank below the present canning factory. There was not a timber put in it as are now put in boats. The hull was made entirely of inch planks. There were four thicknesses of the plank crossing diagonally and at right angles. They made solid sides and a bottom for the boat. Four inches of good plank battened together gave great strength. When the hull was completed it was taken on rollers to near Blue's tan-yard where the bank was low and there it was launched. The 'tiller' was a long, crooked piece of a tree with a board on the end, resting like the tillers or steering oars on the flat boats. It had its rest at the stern of the boat, on deck, the water end passing over the wheel. The boat was a novelty, and if she were to be seen at this time she would be a curiosity. She made a trip to Dresden, then was taken to Pittsburg where a purchaser was found who took the 'Hope' to some small river in the south. William Parker, afterward called 'Old Bill' Parker, went out carpenter on the Pittsburg trip."

The Mary Ann, a remodeled canal boat, was one of the curiosities on the river. It was owned by Jacob Sperry, a prominent Main street merchant. A horse was taken along with some of the early steamboats to assist at the riffles, especially Capt. Dickey Reeves' old gray horse became part of the machinery for propelling the craft. The owner of one of the first boats found fault with the captain because the horse was only given eight ears of corn when the captain took twelve roasting ears for his meal.

The following are the names of the steamboats between Zanesville and Dresden, as given by three gentlemen who were engaged in that trade. They are given alphabetically : "Adriatic" - Captain David Pitman; "Brown Dick" - Captain James Darling; "Hope" - Capt. Dickey Reeves. Before the improvement of navigation. "Humming Bird," ; "Mclntire" -

Capt. Billy Scales; "Muskingum" - Capt. Billy Scales; "Newman G. L." - Wm. Davis; "Relief" - Frank Cogswell; "Siren" - J. R. "Martin;" "Smith Perry" - Capt. J. R. Martin; "Shepherd C. F." - Capt. Tom Martin; "Tuscarawas" - Capt. W. Scales; "Walhonding" - Capt. W. Scales; "Ohio" - Capt. Billy Scales. She was capsized at Simm's Creek lock. "Ohio" - Capt. Wm. Davis; "Zanesville" - this boat was formerly the "Relief," Captains Davis and Neff Thompson were commanders at different times; "The Zanesville Packet." There were a number of commanders on the boat.

The "Dart," Captain Bryant, undertook to run opposition to the railroad, but after a short trial, he was satisfied. The railroad carried the passengers, and there was no more opposition by the "Dart." The majority of the boats in the Dresden trade were only used for towing boats to and from the Ohio canal. The commanders were very accommodating and they did many favors for their patrons.

These were halcyon days for the enterprising young along the Ohio canal and the Muskingum river. The canal boats loaded flour at the mills as far down the river as Stockport. Elven tarmers owned canal boats, which did business during the summer on the canal. There was a large salt trade at the towns from Cleveland to Portsmouth. Many young men and boys who earned money by work on the canal boats, to pass through college, occupied high positions in the different professions, while the sons of the owners of some of the boats, too good to associate with a boy who worked, have changed positions; the working boy is now the employer and the aristocratic boy is now the menial.

It is now in order to give a short account of steamboating from McConnelsville to Zanesville and Dresden. There was more freight carried on that part of the river when connection was made at Dresden with the Ohio canal than on the river in later years and at present. The trade on this part of the river required the services ofa number of small steamboats. The most prominent were the "Tuscarawas," "Zanesville,''"Mink," "Mink No. 2,"andthe"01ivette." The "Tuscarawas" was the first regular packet from Dresden to McConnelsville, commanded by Capt. Cogswell, with Engineer William Davis. In 1852 Capt. William Davis built the "Zanesville," which for some time was a regular packet from Zanesville to McConnelsville. The "Mink," Capt. Morgan, was the successor of the "Zanesville" in 1871, Capt. C. C. Morgan, and in 1877, the "Mink No. 2" took its place in the trade. The "Olivette," Capt. E. Martin's favorite boat, was also in the McConnelsville trade, Capt. William Davis was born in Bedford county, Pa., December 14, 1817, and came to Zanesville, Ohio, in 1835. At the age of twenty years his career commenced on a steamboat and he filled during the time he was a steamboatman every position from deck hand on a Zanesville and Dresden packet to a commander. In 1838, he was registered second cook on the famous "Tuscarawas." He filledat different times the positions of cook, pilot, loreman and engineer on that boat. When the "Tuscarawas" became incapacitated with old age, he became the engineer of the "John McIntyre." By industry and frugality he saved money, and by the assistance of a friend he built the little "Ohio." This boat was Capt. Davis' first success in steamboating, and he made money. When the "Ohio" was no longer fit for service, he took an interest in the steamer "Zanesville," acting as captain, clerk, pilot or engineer when such service was needed.

The "Freighter" was built by Capt. Davis, and she was a Zanesville, Pittsburg and Cincinnati packet. This boat was taken up the Mississippi river, where it was sold. Returning home, his next venture was an interest in the "Zanesville No 2." He was the commander, and he could fill any position on the boat. The "Zanesville No. 2" was a tri-weekly between Dresden and McConnelsville. This boat had a good trade.

The "Mink No. 1" was built by three of the successful steamboat owners on the Muskingum, Captains Edward Martin, C. C. Morgan and William Davis. This boat was the regular packet between Zanesville and McConnellsville, making trips daily. For six years Capt. Davis commanded this boat, when his partner, Capt. C. C. Morgan, took charge. Capt. Davis was interested in the steamer, "J. H. Best" and the "Lizzie Cassell." In December,

1884, he retired. He was then commander of the "Cassell," and he sold his interest in the "Muskingum Packet Company" to Capts. Morgan and Martin. The captain was one of the two men who held government license for the office of captain, pilot and engineer.

Capt. C. C. Morgan, one of the most popular steamboatmen and business men in the Muskingum valley, was born at Preston, Chenango county, N. Y., July 17, 1810. His parents were of Welsh descent, and they settled at Johnstown, Licking county, in 1825. At the age of fifteen years he was at work on the Ohio canal, excavating at Newark at $8 per month. In a letter to a friend he wrote, "I am cold, wet and sleepy. My head aches so that I am almost insensible to everything around me. My clothes are worn, and I have no money to obtain more." The Ohio canal was the training school for many of our best young men, who in after years, had national reputation in scholarship, business and statesmanship. He worked on his father's farm, assisting his parents in keeping "the wolf from the door" for several years, training himself for the successful business career, which made the name of C. C. Morgan known as success wherever he was acquainted.

In 1836 he was employed in driving stage from Sunberry to Delaware, and the latter part of the year he was engaged on a canal boat. This was his first experience on the water, in which he afterward was so successful. Two years later he commanded a canal boat. His perseverance brought success for a time, but through the rascality of an associate in business, the result of patient industry and frugality was lost. After his loss he came to Zanesville and was emoloyed by Allen, Cadwallader & Co. His desire for information occupied his leisure hours perfecting his business education. Industry and strict attention to all the details of business soon made him a reputation which gave him prominence and promotion, and in a short time he was interested in two or three small boats in the Zanesville and Dresden trade.

Capt. Morgan resided many years in Dresden. When the upper trade was abandoned, he became a resident of McConnelsville. Capts. Davis, Morgan and Martin had the reputation of being honest men, whose words were equal to any person's bond. Many of their old hands are yet living and the reverence they have for the dead captains and the living one is evidence of the worth of the owners and managers of the boats engaged in the trade between Zanesville and McConnelsville. Capt. Cal. Smith, the pilot; Bart Roney, the clerk; Ben Ramsey, the mate; George Cobb, the engineer; John Humphrey, the fireman;, and Aunt Eliza, the famous stewardess of the boat were known for years as fixtures on Capt. Morgan's boats.

Medical And Historical Societies. Etc

GENERATION after generation of pioneers have gradually carried the star of empire westward, until it would seem as if the work of the pioneer was nearly done. As these hardy and adventurous men and women have gradually opened up the new world to civilization, they have been closely followed or accompanied by members of the medical profession. These physicians have shared the hardships and privations of the early settlers, joined in their joys and sorrows, helped them to build their rude homes and to defend them against the natives of the forest.

As a class, no order of men have done more to promote the good of mankind and develop the resources and natural history of our country than physicians, and wherever the well-educated in that profession are found they arc uniformly seen on the side of order, morality, science and religion.

It is impossible for us to fully appreciate the primitive manner in which these men practiced medicine. They had to be, in a degree, pharmacists and practical botanists. Roots and herbs were an important part of their armamentarium. Infusions and decoctions wer e the order of the day. The sugar-coated pill was then unknown. In fact the life of the modern physician is sugar-coated when compared with that of the pioneers. These men were obliged to be fertile in resources, apt in expedients, and ingenious in improvising. Comare, if you can, the log-cabin office of one undred years ago with the physician's office of to-day. Think of the progress made in medical science since the days of these men. Chloroform, cocaine, the hypodermic syringe, the fever thermometer, and hundreds of other things were unknown to them. Notwithstanding all the new ideas and inventions the rate of mortality, from the ordinary aches and ills of life, was about the same then as now.

In looking over the lives of these men we find general characteristics that are worthy of thought. They were interested and active in educational and religious matters. They were energetic and progressive beyond their times. They took an active part in politics and questions of state. If they were alive now they would probably let politics alone. They were brave men, for on their lonely travels in the earlier years, they had to face the treachery of the Indian and the hunger of wolves. The more the lives of these men are held up to view the more sterling qualities we find in them to admire.

Dr. Increase Mathews was born in New Braintree, Mass., December 22, 1772. He was the son of Gen. Rufus Putnam's older sister, Hulda, and Daniel Mathews. John Mathews, who came out to Ohio with the original fortyeight, was a brother. In 1798 Dr. Mathews came to Marietta on a prospecting tour and to visit relatives. His diary of this journey is in the possession of his descendants, and is a very interesting document. Under date of August 13, 1798, I P. M,, is found the following note: "Went with Mr. Edward Tupper to call on Mr. Blennerhasset and his lady, by whom we were politely received. Met Miss Sallie Loudon, there on a visit. She is on the whole an amiable girl and possessed of many of those qualities which make a good companion, kind, obliging, ever in good spirits and free from affectation." The young Doctor seems to have been impressed, and human nature seems to have been the same then as now. Under date of August 31, 1798, is the following: "Attended a belli at

Col. Putnam's in Belprc. We had a large collection of ladies, some from Marietta and the Island, who made a brilliant appearance. Spent the evening very agreeably." The ladies from the Island were no doubt Mrs. Blennerhasset and her guest, Miss Loudon. After a pleasant visit, Dr. Mathews went back East, and married (April 25, 1799) Abigail Willis, of Oakham, Mass. In the fall of 1800, with his wife and baby, he again came to Marietta, arriving there October 4. The winter was spent in Marietta, and the other half of the house in which they lived was occupied by the father of the late Gov. Brough. In the spring of 1801 the Mathews family moved to Zanesville, Ohio. This same year Gen. Rufus Putnam, his nephew, Dr. Mathews, and Levi Whipple purchased the land now composing the Seventh and Ninth wards in that city, and laid it out into a town, which they called Springfield, afterward Putnam. Dr. Mathews, after about one years' stay in Zanesville, h moved across the river to the newly laid out town, and. lived there the remainder of his life. He was the first physician to permanently settle on the Muskingum river above Marietta. In 1802 (June 14) the Doctor's wife died, and in 1803 (March 23) he married for his second wife, Betsey, daughter of Capt. John Leavems. They were married in Marietta, at Maj. Lincoln's, who had married Betsy's sister, Fanny. Possessing large landed interests, and having a taste for agriculture, Dr. Mathews retired from practice, as other physicians settled around him. He was a man of many accomplishments, with more than the usual amount of energy and push, so characteristic of the pioneers. He established the first drug store, and was one of the five original members of the first church organized in Muskingum county. Dr. Mathews sent to Spain for the first full-blooded Merino sheep brought to Ohio. These sheep were delivered in Washington, D. C., and hauled in a wagon through to Putnam by a man sent to Washington for that purpose. In 1801, when Dr. Mathews went to Marietta to buy the land above mentioned, he had part of the way as his companion, John Mclntire. These young men rode together, camped together the night out on the road, but neither mentioned his business. When they they arrived at Marietta, Dr. Mathews turned up Washington street to goto his uncle's (Gen. Putnam's) office, whilst John Mclntire went on to the tavern. The next day the two men found themselves bidding against each other for the same tract of land. John Mclntire already owned a large tract where Zanesville proper now stands, but Dr. Mathews bid on the tract in question at $4.05 an acre. Many years after it became blended with Mclntire's tract, in the City of Natural Advantages. The Doctor enjoyed telling his grandchildren that the earliest distinct recollection of his childhood was the ringing of the bells to celebrate the Declaration of Independence. He was a cultivated gentleman of the old school, and a man whose energy and character were felt in his day, and are still exemplified in his descendants. He was an accomplished performer on the violoncello, and an entertaining and instructive conversationalist. His life was characterized by its simplicity and purity. He died June 6, 1856, full of years and with the high esteem of all his fellow townsmen, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and is buried in Woodlawn cemetery, which was part of his original purchase from the government in 1801.

In 1796, Dr. Jenner's great discovery of vaccination was announced to the medical world. When small-pox broke out in the Putnam in the fall of 1809, Dr. Matthews procured vaccine virus and vaccinated himself and family. People in general had no confidence in vacillation, and would not consent to it. In order to prove its efficacy Dr. Matthews took his two little daughters, Abigail and Sarah aged six and seven years, who had been vaccinated, into a house and up to the bedside of a patient very ill with virulent small pox. The children did not take the disease, and the doctor triumphantly proclaimed the protecting powers of vaccination. The rest of the villagers were inoculated but Dr. Matthews' family was the only one that depended upon vaccination. So far as can be learned the doctor's family was among the first, if not the first in Ohio, to be vaccinated.

Dr. Richard Hillier came to Zanesville (then Zanestown), in the spring of 1805, and entered upon his professional career here. Four years later he removed to " Beech Bottom," fifteen m les from Mount Vernon, Ohio, and there died in 1815. Before coming to Zanesville he had been a surgeon in the English army.

Dr. Daniel Bliss, son of Deacon Isaac Bliss, was born in Warren, Mass., April 10, 1761. He was educated in medicine in Springfield, Mass., and June 6, 1789, married Prudence, a sister of Dr. Jesse Chandler. They came out to Ohio in 1804, with (or about the same time) as Dr. Chandler. Dr. Bliss settled in Waterford (on the side of the river where Beverly now stands), but continued sickness led him to seek another location, and he removed to Chandler's Salt Works (now Chandlersville), a place twelve miles east of Zanesville. Settling on a farm, the doctor intended retiring from practice, but there being no other physician in that section, the inhabitants kept him busy. For over twenty years he was the first and only physician in the settlement and his practice extended into what are now Guernsey, Noble and Morgan counties. The doctor kept his farm well stocked with good horses. He always rode horseback and traveled fast. It was a good horse and rider that could keep up with him on his rounds. As a physician, Dr. Bliss was successful and popular. He was a man of strong opinions, and fearless in expressing them. He dared to do right, and take the consequences. In religious belief he was a Congregationalist. Dr. Bliss died March 17, 1842, aged eighty-one years. At a ripe age lie surrendered to the great reaper, and with a heavy credit on the Lamb's book of life he went to his reward.

Dr. Robert Mitchell was born in Westmoreland county, Penn., in 1778. He studied medicine there, and in 1808 married Catharine McCulloch. For a wedding trip the young couple came to Zanesville, Ohio, on horseback. When they settled in that place there were but twelve shingle roofed houses in it. The Indians were still there, but friendly, and used to come to the doctor's house to see the white papooses. Dr. Mitchell served in the war of 1812, and was afterward a general in the Ohio militia. In 1833 he was elected to congress, but in 1835 was defeated for re-election by his Whig opponent. It is said that the rejoicing of the Whigs over their success, caused more drunkenness in Zanesville, than ever was known there in one night. Dr. Mitchell died November 13, 1848.

Dr. Jessie Chandler was the second physician to settle in Putnam. He was born in Vermont in 1764, and studied medicine in his native state. After practicing a few years, he came with his family to Ohio and located in the village of Putnam, across the river from Zanesville and now, as stated, a part of that city. At that time there was but little difference in the population of the two rival villages, both being quite small, But in the year 1804 Zanesville was made the permanent county seat, with a fair prospecf of being made the State capital, and took the lead. In order to look after his land, Dr. Mathews gladly relinquished his practice, upon the arrival of Dr. Chandler. No other physician settled in Putnam while Dr. Chandler lived. His practice, like Dr. Mathews', extended over all the western part of the county, and into the adjoining counties. Traveling, was of course, done on horseback, and in the earlier years without roads. Trails, or bridle paths, led from house to house, or from neighborhood to neighborhood. Dr. Chandler spent a large part of his time in the saddle, but pos- sessing an unusually robust constitution, he was always ready to respond to ealls. The fees in those days were very much out of proportion to the time and labor expended. There being no pharmacists, every physician furnished his own medicines. The Doctor's books were a curiosity. He would often ride a dozen miles, furnish the medicine needed, and charge one dollar. Visits in the village were fifty cents. When many of his people came to settle, the credit side would read, by so much corn, or oats, or potatoes, or cash, as the case might be, and by discount for the balance. Frequently the "by discount" was the larger part of the credit. Doctor Chandler did not become wealthy. In the fall of 1809 a bad case of small-pox developed in the town. As might be expected, there was a scare. Vaccination was not yet relied upon, and the Doctor had not seen it sufficiently tried to be entirely satisfied with its protecting qualities. Some of the older people had been inoculated with small-pox, but the children, and many of the adults, had no protection. So all were made ready by the prescribed dieting, and a general inoculation took place. The inoculated cases all got along nicely, no deaths and no disfigurements. There were in the town a dozen or more transient persons, mostly young men, without friends. The doctor turned his house into a hospital, took these young men in, "without money or price," and carried them safely through. In the winter of 1813-14 a heretofore unknown epidemic broke out in Putnam, which, for the want of a better name, was called "the cold plague." The attack came on with a congestive chill, unconsciousness soon followed, and death resulted in two or three days. Some recovered, but among the victims was Dr. Jessie Chandler. A true, self-sacrificing physician and man, he was ready for the summons and faced death as he had disease, without a tremor. His age was fifty years.

Dr. John Hamm was born and educated in Delaware, read medicine with Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, and graduated there. In 1808, he located at Chillicothe and there, on the 4th of July, 1809, was "orator of the day." Not long afterward he came to Zanesville. He married Eliza VanHorn, General Vanllorn's fourth daughter. In 1812 he was presidential elector and a member of the legislature. The next year he became surgeon of the 27th United States infantry and succeeded General Cass in the responsible and dangerous office of marshal of Ohio. He was state senator in 1827 and again in 1829. In 1830 President Jackson appointed him charge d'affairs to the Chilian republic and he concluded the first treaty between the United States and Chile He died in Zanesville, May 22, 1861, aged 84 years. His widow died seven years later. Of their eight children, one became the wife of W. A. Graham' one married Peter Block, and another Alexander Van Hamm. Another daughter died in girlhood. The eldest son, Washington Van Hamm, died in Chicago, in 1872.

Dr. Dudley W. Rhodes came to Zanesville in the summer of 18 - . He was born in Stonington Conn., and studied his profession in Hadford. He was for a time an army surgeon, but preferring private practice relinquished that office. He died in Zanesville in October, 1840. Dr. J. Fowler was practicing his profession in Putman in 1814, Dr. Moore 1816. Doctors John J. Brice, Ebenezer Atwater, Calvin Conant, G. B. Maxfield and Samuel Moulton were practicing in the county in 1817. Dr. Isaac Spangler, who had had Dr. Hamm as a preceptor, was associated with Dr. Mitchell in 1822, and during that year the following were admitted to practice medicine under the state law: William Clark,

The following, physicians were well known in this and near by counties in 1824. John Hamm, John B. Brice, Thomas Flanner, Robert Mitchell, Dudley W. Rhodes, Calvin Conant, Robert Safford, William S. Richards, Elisha G. Lee, Alfred C. Thompson, Elmas Wheaton, Benjamin Webb, William Clarke, Francis Fowler, Samuel Baldridge, Harry Fassett, Sylvester Spellman, Samuel Martin, Samuel A. Baker, John Baldridge, David McGary, James Kell, Issac Spangler, Jesse Morris, David A. Bines, John B. Cooley and Nathan Webb. Percival H. Parden and Joel S. Thrall, were licensed to practice medicine here in the years from 1824 to 1825.

Dr. Charles Cook Hildreth was born at Marietta, Ohio, April 28, 1811, and died at Zanesville, August 11, 1889. His father was Doctor Samuel Prescott Hildreth, a native of Massachusetts, and his mother was Rhoda Cook Hildreth. PMucated in part at Marietta, his collegiate course was completed at Ohio University, Athens. Graduating in 1828 or 1829, he was made an A. B. and A. M. by that college and in March, 1833, he graduated at the Medical College of Ohio as M. D., and soon settled at Zanesville, and then continued actively engaged in his profession until he was disabled by paralysis fifty-six years later. He

During all his professional career, Dr. Hildreth enjoyed a large practice, for he was an able surgeon and obstetrician as well as a skillful physician. He was a member of the old Medical Society of Zanesville in 1835 or 1836, a member of the late Muskingum County Medical Society, a member of the late Zanesville Academy of Medicine, a member of the Zanesville Medical Society, and of the Muskingum Valley Medical Society, and he had a membership also in the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He contributed frequent and valuable papers to the medical journals of Ohio and other states. He was a believer in the future of Muskingum county, and invested his means mainly here in real estate and corporate companies.

E. Atwell, George W. Mitchell, E. A. Farquhar & Sons and 0. C. Farquhar. Dr. James Gillogly, who had been practicing here, had died before that date.

Under an act passed February 26, 1824, entitled "An Act to Incorporate Medical Societies for the Purpose of Regulating the Practice of Physic and Surgery in the State of Ohio," a considerable number of physicians from the Fifteenth Medical District, then composed of the counties of Muskingum, Morgan, Coshocton, Guernsey, Licking and Knox, assembled at the court house in Zanesville, May 25, 1824, and organized themselves into a medical society. This society existed until December 12, 1842, when the Muskingum County Medical Society was formed by the physicians of the county of Muskingum at a meeting held at the Eagle hotel in Zanesville. In 1874 the society was merged into the Zanesville Academy of Medicine, incorporated in 1875 and re-incorporated in 1878 and succeeded in 1883 by the Zanesville medical society. The last named institution is officered as follows: J. S. Haldeman, president; J. T. Davis, treasurer; J. C. Crossland, secretary.

Probably the first castor oil mill, established west of the Allegheny mountains, was built at Dresden by Drs. Nathan Webb, senior and junior. They came to the shores of the Wakatomaka in 1821 and cultivated the castor oil bean. Their mill was located on the "Little Prairie." Two lodges of Shawanees Indians were still there and interested spectators of this symptom of civilization. The doctors were not learned in their profession, but were the pioneer physicians of Dresden, and evidently had confidence in castor oil.

"These articles of incorporation of the Pioneer and Historical Society of Muskingum County Witnesseth: That we, the undersigned, all of whom are citizens of the State of Ohio, de7 siring to form a corporation not for profit, under the general incorporation laws of said state, do hereby certify: First. The name of said corporation shall be the Pioneer and Historical Society of Muskingum County, Ohio. Second. Said corporation shall be located and its principal business transacted at Zanesville, in Muskingum county, Ohio. Third. The purpose for which said corporation is formed is for the purpose of perpetuating the history of Muskingum County, Ohio, and the memory of the early pioneers who settled this county; for the purpose of collecting a museum of articles of historic interest and preserving these intact for future generations, for the purpose of gathering all rare and historical works, manuscripts and papers published in this county and forming a library of reference, and for all purposes and appliances for carrying on the work of the Pioneer and Historical Society of Muskingum County, Ohio. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our seals this fourth day of March, 1890." The incorporators were Charles C. Goddard, H. D. Munson, Sr., Henry Taylor, Dr. H. S. Nye, B. F. Leslie, F. Richards and Addison Palmer.

Preamble

For the purpose of perpetuating the History of Muskingum County, Ohio, and the Memory of the Pioneers who settled this section of Country: in order to Collect a Museum of Articles of Historic Interest, and to preserve these intact for future generations: and for the Gathering together of all Rare and Historical Works, Manuscripts and Papers published in this County: and for the Forming and Founding a Library of Science and Reference, we ordain and adopt this Constitution for the Government of this Society: i. Active Members. - Any person who contributes annually fifty cents, subscribes to this Constitution, shall be entitled to vote, hold office and participate in all the meetings and benefits of this society.

ii. Donors. - Those who give any sum, not binding for any future amounts, shall be called donors, and shall be entitled to have their names enrolled as such.

iv. Patrons. - Those who subscribe and pay into the treasury at any one time any sum from $100 to $500. Such member shall have the privilege of placing in the Museum or Library a mural tablet.

v. Memorial Benefactors. - Those who contribute at any one time and sum from $500 to $1,000, for perpetuating the memory of a deceased relative or friend, or the name of a family or their own name, shall be called Memorial Benefactors and shall be entitled to such a Memorial as may be agreed upon by them and the Trustees.

Sec. 2. All these different classes shall be upon an equality in the privileges of this Society, entitled to vote and hold office, except those who are enrolled as donors.

Article Iii

The officers of this Society shall consist of a President, Vice-President, Recording and Corresponding Secretaries, Treasurer, Curator and nine Trustees.

Article Iv Duty Of Officers

Section i. The President shall preside at all meetings of the Society. He shall appoint all committees, not otherwise provided for in the By-Laws. He shall perform all those duties usually belonging to that office.

Sec. 2. The Vice President shall perform all the duties of the President in his absence, or removal from the county, or by death, until his successor shall be chosen.

Sec. 3. The Recording Secretary shall keep a correct minute of all the proceedings of the Society in a book provided for that purpose. He shall preserve all the records of the Society and deliver the same to his successor.

Sec. 4. The Corresponding Secretary shall attend to all correspondence, and if necessary assist the Recording Secretary in the discharge of his duties. He shall preserve all letters and also copies of all those written and transfer them to his successor.

Sec. 5. The Treasurer shall collect and receive all dues and contributions made. He shall give bond in any sum which may be determined by the Trustees. He shall have charge of all deeds and securities and preserve them. He shall only pay out money upon the order of the Society or the Board of Trustees, and the written order of the President counter- signed by the Secretary shall be his voucher for all payments made. He shall report annually or as much oftener as the Society or Trustees shall demand.

Sec. 6. The Curator shall have charge of the museum, historical relics and library. He shall have all articles suitably classified and arranged for exhibition. The books and papers for reference, the relics and manuscripts shall not pass out of his possession except the Society shall so order at a regular or special meeting.

Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the nine Trustees who shall be elected, to have this Society incorporated according to the laws of the State of Ohio. The term of office of the Trustees shall be for three years. At the first election there shall be three Trustees elected for one year, three Trustees elected for two years, and three Trustees elected for three years. They shall be the legal custodians of the Society, shall report at the annual meeting all of their proceedings during the year. They shall provide suitable buildings and rooms for the meetings of the Society, for the museum and library. They shall see that all debts of the Society are paid and that the means for carrying on its work are provided.

Article Standing Committees

The President, together with the Trustees, shall annually appoint a committee of three members from each township in the county, and three from the city of Zanesville. The duty of this committee shall be to collect historical relics of the different townships and obtain members for the different classes specified; obtain articles by gift or bequest for the museum and library. They shall endeavor as far as possible to create an interest in the meetings of this Society and accomplish the purposes of its organization.

Article Vi

Sec. 1. Regular meetings shall be held on the first Thursday of January, April, July and October. The meeting in October shall be called the Annual Meeting, at which all reports shall be called for.

Article Vii

The election of officers shall be upon the first Thursday of October in each year, by ballot. A majority of all votes cast shall be necessary to an election.

Article Viii

The Secretary, Treasurer and Curator, if their duties make special demand upon their time shall receive such salaries as may be fixed by the Trustees.

Article Ix

Such By-Laws shall be adopted as shall not conflict with the fundamental articles of this Constitution. They shall be for the purpose of facilitating the business of the Society, and may be changed by giving one week's notice of such proposed change.

Amendments, alterations or additions can be made to this constitution by giving due notice, which shall be laid over for one regular meeting, which is equivalent to a three months' notice. Every amendment, alteration or addition must be presented in writing. Two-thirds of those voting shall be necessary for the adoption of such amendment, alteration or addition.

The first board of trustees was constituted thus: Charles W. Goddard, Rev. Frank Richards, Dr. H. S. Nye, Addison Palmer, Henry Taylor, B. F. Leslie, H. D. Munson, Dr. Edward Cass, Thomas McLees. The officers are: H. D. Munson, president; Dr. Edward Cass, vice-president; William Gray, recording secretary; Mrs. Fred. C. Dietz, assistant recording secretary; Addison Palmer, corresponding secretary; Rev. Jefferson Chambers, treasurer; R. J. J. Harkins, curator.

The following list of members was compiled from the incomplete roll of the society, with suggested additions: Rev. F. Richards, James Anderson, Rebecca A. Cooper, Zanesville; A. P. Moorehead, Rix's Mills; Margaret McFeeters, David Tanner, Dr. H. S. Nye, John L. Moorehead, Hugh C. MacBride, George C. Townsend, Zanesville; Lucinda Norman, Hopewell; Isaac V. Stockdale, Zanesville; J. C. Parkinson, Auburn; John B. Roberts, Chalf

The meetings of the society have, most of them, been well attended, and that they have been occasions of both profit and enjoyment is attested by all. A feature is the reading of pioneer reminiscences and papers possessing local historical interest, and some of them which have been preserved have been of much aid in the compilation of which this forms a part.

Probably the most important work of the society thus far has been its co-operation with the publishers of this book in its preparation and introduction to the citizens of the county. At a meeting held January 19, 1891, a committee was appointed to confer with a representative of "the Goodspeed Publishing Company of Chicago, relative to the compilation by that company of a history of Muskingum county. Following is a copy of the action of the board of trustees, adopted at their monthly meeting, February 3, 1891, after said conference, as certified by Secretary Palmer: "Whereas, The Goodspced Publishing Company of Chicago, Illinois, having signified to this board its intention, should proper encouragement be extended, to prepare and publish an accurate, complete and reliable history of Muskingum county, from the earliest settlement therein to the present time, and to best accomplish this purpose, proposes to submit, before being printed, the several chapters which may make up such history to a committee of one or more citizens of this county, to be selected by this board, for the purpose of revision, correction, elimination, approval or rejection; therefore, " Resolved , That the proposition of said publishing company, as above, meets the favor of this board, and that this board recommends the subject matter of the preparation and publication of said history, compiled in the manner proposed, to the favorable consideration of the citizens of Muskingum county." This was adopted on motion, and it was ordered that a certified copy be forwarded to the Goodspeed Publishing Company, March 18, 1891. Judge M. M. Granger, U. B. Linn and Rev. F. Richards were appointed a committee "to revise and supervise the several chapters of the proposed history of Muskingum county." April 7, 1892, Mr. Linn resigned from the committee, and R. J. J. Harkins was appointed in his stead. These pages attest the fidelity with which the Goodspeed Publishing Company has kept faith with the society, and the ability with which the several members of the committee have performed their duties as guardians of the mutual interests of the Goodspeed Publishing Company and the public of Muskingum county.

ONE of the great problems yet unsolved is that, in the Divine economy, it was found necessary for human progress and development in this world, that war should prevail and become popular. From the earliest period known to history, down to our own time, war seems to have been the means, not only of settling difficulties between communities, tribes and nations, but the means by which states and nations have been established, and by which they have grown in intelligence and refinement.

And if we may credit the Scriptures, God not only sanctioned war, but took a direct part in it. The verdict of history is that through the bloody carnage of war, through its untold sufferings and miseries, the cause of liberty has been promoted and civilization has been advanced. By war this great Nation came into existence, founded upon the principles of freedom and human liberty, and by war it threw off that deadly incubus - slavery - which marred its bright escutcheon, and made freedom exultant throughout the world. Whether war will continue to be the potent factor of human progress, the power to which nations will continue to appeal for the settlement of controversies, the future can only determine. The grandest captain of the age - U. S. Grant - by the establishment of the Geneva Convention, inaugurated a new power, which meets the approbation of all good people throughout the world, and it is to be hoped that in the settlements of disputes in the future, it will be adopted by all nations and governments.

Neither this county nor the state was settled early enough to send out men to participate in the war of the Revolution, but three of the most prominent pioneers of Muskingum county, settled there soon after the close of that war. They were Generals Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper and Colonel Ichabod Nye. The two former were not only confidential friends of the great Washington, but his able lieutenants in the great struggle for liberty.

The Indian war in the Northwestern Territory, or the territory north of the Ohio, which followed the war of the Revolution, was too early to affect the territory now embraced within the limits of Muskingum county. There were a few Indians inhabiting that territory at the time that were in the Indian war, but there were no battles fought on its soil; nor is it known that there were any white men living in the territory that were in the war.

When the Indians discovered that they could no longer depend upon their former ally, the British, for aid, they became satisfied that they could not cope with the power of the United States, and were willing and ready to accept the terms of the treaty of peace, that had been proposed by our government. The principal features of this treaty were: The cessation of hostilities; the restoration of all prisoners of war; the establishment of boundary lines, with further cession of lands by the Indians, and compensation on the part of the government for all additional lands ceded. The Indians were to acknowledge themselves under the protection of the United States, and no other power, and to sell off their reserved lands to no other power; the Indians or the United States, to remove or punish intruders on the Indian lands. Trade was to be opened as provided in the Fort Harmer treaty; all injuries to be settled by law, and any hostile plans known to one party to be revealed to the other. All previous treaties annulled.

This treaty was concluded and signed by Gen. Wayne and the representatives of the Indian tribes and nations of the Northwest, at Greenville, August 3, 1795, and was ratified by the United States Senate, December 22, 1795. The amicable adjustment of the Indian troubles was the initiatory step to the rapid settlement of this section of the country.

War of 1812. - The impressment of American naturalized citizens on the high seas by the British government, the attempt to incite the New England states to a dismemberment of the Union, the intrigues by her emissaries with the Indians of the Northwest to induce them to again make war against the United States, were the principal causes that brought on the war of 1812. The British government thought that if they could again incite the Indians to war against the settlers of the Northwest, they would be forever compelled to abandon that territory north of the Ohio, thereby making the Ohio river the boundary line, and ultimately it would be able to add that magnificent domain to its own possessions.

I n June, 1812, war was declared by the United States against Great Britain. In this war the soil of Ohio was the scene of most momentous engagements of the army of the Northwest; and in the regular service and in volunteer militia, the soldiers acquitted themselves with honor. When the first murmurings of the impending conflict were heard, the attention of the government was directed to Ohio as the most suitable ground for organization and the base of operations in the Northwestern frontier. It was held as certain that the English would depend upon and would secure the aid of the dreaded allies, the Indians. Ohio was the frontier territory and the population was much scattered, being at that period the youngest of the States. In view of the exposed condition of the frontier and the almost certain coalition of the Indians under their noted chief, Tecumseh, the government determined to send a body of regular troops from Southern Ohio to the northwestern frontier, the Detroit river, to secure the command of Lake Erie. A force of 1,500 men, which had been drawn together at Cincinnati, and known as the Northwestern army, was given to Brig. -Gen. William Hull. Gen. Hull left Cincinnati with these troops May 14, 1812. At Urbana he was joined by one regiment of Ohio volunteers, under command of Col. James Findley; one company of Cincinnati light infantry, commanded by Capt. John F. Mansfield; one regiment from the Scioto country, commanded by Col. Duncan McArthur, and another regiment from the Muskingum country, commanded by Col. Lewis Cass. In the latter regiment there were about 250 men from Muskingum county. Of this number about twenty were killed in the war. Northern Ohio, Lake Erie, Michigan and Canada comprised the principal theatre of the war in the West; and among the events of note were Col. Croghan's defense of Fort Stephenson, on the present site of Fremont, Ohio; Commodore Perry's victory on Lake Erie; Hull's surrender at Detroit; the defeat of the British under Gen. Proctor; the defeat of the Indians under Tecumseh, by Gen. Harrison, at the battle of the Thames, in which the great Indian chief was killed, and the gallant and cvcrmemorable defense of New Orleans by Gen. Jackson.

The war closed, victory resting with the arms of the republic; the volunteers returned to their homes, and the treaty (Ghent) was signed by the representatives of the United States and Great Britain December 24, 1814.

The Mexican War. - The battle of San Jacinto, which was fought April 21, 1836, terminated the fierce struggle between Mexico and Texas, and secured to the latter her independence, which she maintained up to the year 1845.

Mexico, however, submitted to her defeat, and the loss of her magnificent territory with ill grace, and nursed the hope that she would ultimately regain it. When the question of the annexation of the Texas Republic to the United States came up, Mexico used all her influence with bur government to prevent it, claiming that as she had not recognized the independence of Texas, that territory was still a part of her domain. The efforts of the Mexican government, aided by the anti-slavery element in the United States, were not strong enough to resist the powerful pressure for annexation, and February 24, 1843, a joint resolution for the admission of Texas passed both houses of Congress; the following day it was signed by President Tyler, and thus that grand empire became a part of this great nation.

This act was regarded by the Mexican government as unjust and as an encroachment on its rights, and soon after the inauguration of President Polk, the Mexican minister called for his passports. Texas was admitted into the Union July 4, 1845; diplomatic relations between the two countries ceased, and both nations began preparations for war. General Zachary Taylor was sent into Texas with 1,500 men, which was subsequently increased. He took a position with his forces, which was called the "army of occupation," near the border of the Rio Grande. The army was engaged in defending the territory of the new state from Mexican invasion until the spring of 1846. Final declaration of war was made on the part of the United States, May 13, 1846, and on the part of Mexico May 23d following, and active measures for war were at once taken. A call was made by the President for 43,500 men and a requisition on the State of Ohio was made for three regiments or 2,400 men.

May 20, 1846, Governor Bartley issued his proclamation in response to the call of the President on Ohio for three regiments. The call was for volunteers in the terms of the law, " Infantry or riflemen to serve twelve months or to the end of the war, unless sooner discharged." The governor, in his proclamation, appealed to the patriotism of the people of the state, and called upon the major-generals to muster their several divisions, and to determine the number of volunteers that could be had in each brigade. May 22, 1846, Maj.-Gen.

Chas. B. Goddard, in response to the governor's proclamation, called on Gen. John T. Arthur of the Second brigade, to proceed to ascertain the number of volunteers under his major-general of this Division to take measures to ascertain the number of volunteers in this brigade, who will enrole themselves as such to serve as infantry or riflemen in the war now existing between the United States and Mexico. The ununiformed militia are exempt from active military service only in time of peace. It is intended by this order that all the militia of this brigade shall parade on the day designated. You will therefore proceed to notify the forces under your command for parade in Zanesville on Tuesday, May 28, at 9 o'clock A. M. Particulars as to the period of service, the place of rendezvous, and the time at which the volunteers will be required to appear at the place of rendezvous, will be fully communicated on the day of parade.

You are ordered to parade in front of court house on Tuesday. May 28, 1846, at 9 o'clock A. M., properly armed and equipped. (Summer uniform.)

Robert Hazlett, Senior Captain in Command. These orders for the parade brought together a large and enthusiastic crowd. The brigade was marched to the large field and orchard above West Zanesville, where speeches were made - Gen. Goddard being one of the principal speakers. Party politics was suppressed, and patriotism reigned supreme. After the addresses were made, the brigade formed in line, and volunteering began. Forty-six volunteers were enrolled that day.

The governor divided the state into two districts, in each of which was one place of rendezvous. Gen. Goddard was placed in command of the eastern district, and Zanesville was named as the general place of rendezvous for the levies of that part of the state, where they were to embark on transports for Cincinnati. The volunteers from Muskingum and Perry counties rendezvoused at Camp Putnam. There were ninety-three all told. On the morning of June 11, the volunteers held an election for officers, with the following result: Captain, Asbury Noles, of Perry county ; First Lieutenant, George Foster, of Muskingum county; Second Lieutenant, Isaac Delong, of Perry county. June 12th, the company, amid the enthusiastic cheers of the people, left Zanesville on the May Queen, for Cincinnati, where it was assigned to the Third regiment, commanded by Col. R. S. Curtis. The troops arrived at New Orleans July 9, and went into camp on the old battleground. In a few days they left for the seat of war.

This company did gallant service in the war, and participated in some of the fiercest and most deadly battles. At the close of the war those that escaped death returned to their homes.*

February 3, 1848, treaty of peace was concluded at Guadaioupe, was ratified by both governments, and was proclaimed by President Polk, July 4, 1848.

War of 1861-5. - At the close of the war, Ohio had in the Union army 200 regiments of all arms. In the course of the war she furnished 230 regiments, besides 26 independent batteries of artillery, 5 independent companies of sharpshooters, a large part of 5 regiments accredited to West Virginia contingent; two regiments transferred to United States colored troops, and a large portion of the rank and file of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts. Muskingum county furnished, all told, 3,850 men. It is not the purpose of this work to give the history of all the regiments that were enlisted from Ohio for the war of the rebellion, but those in which soldiers from Muskingum county were mustered.

First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was formed and on its way to Washington, under the command of A. M. McCook, within three days after President Lincoln's first call for troops, which was made and telegraphed throughout the country April 15, 1861. It was largely made up from Southwestern Ohio, its nucleus being formed from the old militia companies, and its complement chiefly from the young men of that section of the state. Transportation companies at this early stage of the war were not familiar with the moving of troops, and many annoying delays were experienced en route to the Potomac, and ere the regiment arrived at Washington, the first danger to the Capitol of the nation from rebel arms had passed over. It was attached to General Schenck's brigade, and its first engage-

* It is a sad commentary on those upon whom the responsibility rested of preserving the names of the volunteers that enlisted for this war, that none can be found. The historian has searched the files of the newspapers of Zanesville in vain for any record of them. Only a part of the muster roll of one company even can be found in the adjutant general's office of the state, and this is so mutilated that many of the names are unintelligible.

ment was at Vienna, where the rebels attacked their trains. The First, with the rest of the brigade, debarked, formed in line by the track, and acquitted itself handsomely, with the other troops, driving the rebels back. It was on the field at the battle of Bull Run, but was not actively engaged, but rendered valuable service in covering the retreat of those that were in that disastrous battle. Soon after this battle, its term of service having expired, it was sent home and mustered out, with very slight loss. During the month of August, reorganization for the three years' service begun, its place of rendezvous being at Camp Corwin. October 31, with Col. F. B. Smith in command, it left camp, and proceeded to Cincinnati, where it received its arms, and on the 5th of November embarked on the steamboat Telegraph, for Louisville, and upon its arrival there went into camp at Camp York. Leaving Camp York, November 15th, it reported to Gen. A. McCook at Camp Nevin, and was assigned to the Fourth brigade, Second division, Army of the Cumberland. About the middle of December it broke camp and marched to Green river, wrhere it remained until the 15th of P'ebruary, 1862, in preparation for active field work, when orders were received to join Gen. Grant, then marching on Fort Henry. On their way, news was received of the fall of Fort Henry, and the regiment returned to Green river, and from there moved on to Nashville, and went into camp in an open field, without either tents or blankets. March 16, the regiment received marching orders and started out for the field of Shiloh, by way of Duck river and Savannah. During the latter part of the march cannonading was heard in the direction of Shiloh, and doublequick time was made to Savannah, then to Pittsburg Landing, where they arrived on the morning of the 7th of April. The regiment immediately formed in line of battle to the left of its brigade, and to the right of Gen. Crittenden's division. It was hotly engaged with the enemy until about mid-day, driving it back, and recapturing General Sherman's camp, when it retired to replenish its ammunition. Having prepared for action, the First again took the field, and participated in the general charge on the rebel lines. During this battle the First was saved from greater loss by the generalship of its able commander, B. F. Smith. It next participated in the movements on Corinth, but did not join in the pursuit of the enemy. It remained for a while guarding Corinth, and then was ordered to Nashville. It was engaged in several expeditions and skirmishes on its way, and finally arrived there