Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 8 of 31)

At August term, 1813, two new names appear, Alexander Harper and Ebenezer Granger. As Granger had seven cases at that term he must have resided here a year or two prior to it. In 1S17, John C. Stockton and Appleton Downer, have causes for the February term, and at February term, 1818, appear. the names of Charles B. Goddard and Thomas Ewing - Ewing being of the then Lancaster firm of Beecher & Ewing. April term, 1819, shows the names of Arius Nye, John Doland, and Charles R. Sherman; and July term, 1819, Richard Stillwell. Nye removed to Marietta, was afterward president judge in Washington circuit, and was noted for his eccentricities. Doland, about 1825, moved to Somerset. Sherman from 1823 to 1827, was one of the supreme judges. He resided at Lancaster. Gen. Sherman and Senator Sherman are two of his sons. October term, 1819, shows the names of Smith, Vinton, and Emerson. Vinton lived in Gallipolis, served many years in congress, and was Whig candidate for governor in 1851; 1820 presents the names of

Adams and Stanbery. William A. Adams is still living in Covington, Kentucky. He lived in Zanesville until after 1843. The Stanbery, I suppose, was William - long a resident of Newark, an elder brother of the half-blood of Henry Stanbery. In 1821, appeared the names of C. C. Gilbert, Peter Odlin, and J. B Orton. Gilbert married a daughter of Wyllis Silliman. He died November 18, 1844. His sons, Gens. C. C. Gilbert and Samuel A. Gilbert, are well known to you. Odlin went to Dayton, and became a politician of note in Montgomery county, afterward prominent in the legislature.

In 1822, and thence for half a dozen years, David Spangler practiced in Muskingum. He settled in Coshocton, and for many years led the bar there.

"I began this list," says Judge Granger, "hoping to extend it to the present time, showing the successive accessions to our bar, but I found that time would neither permit me to collect, nor impart the information required for such a purpose. 1 therefore, substitute brief mention of some of our more noted lawyers. Our bar began well. Wyllis Silliman, Lewis Cass and Samuel Herrick were the first three. Of Gen. Cass I have already spoken. Wyllis Silliman was born in Stratford, Connecticut, October, 8, 1777. In early manhood he emigrated to Western Virginia, and during the heated struggle for the presidency between Adams and Jefferson, in 1800, he there edited a strong Federal newspaper. Judge Burnet (one of Ohio's early supreme judges) wrote of him as follows: 'By a very great exertion of energy and talent he had been able for some time to sustain himself in the midst of a highly Democratic population, but, as the catastrophe of that struggle approached, party violence became too strong for resistance, or endurance, and he found it prudent to make a hasty retreat to Marietta. I shall never forget the pleasure with which I took him by the hand as a persecuted patriot, at our first meeting in Marietta. Mr. Silliman's talents secured to him at once a full share of the practice of that county, where, after a short residence, he formed a matrimonial alliance with Miss Deborah Webster Cass, daughter of the veteran Maj. Cass, who was literally a hero of two wars.' This marriage was at Wakatomaka, near Dresden, on January 14, 1802." In 1803, the first Ohio legislature chose Wyllis Silliman, Francis Dunlevy and Calvin Pease president judges of the three common pleas circuits, but Mr. Silliman either did not accept or very soon resigned the appointment, as our records show Judge Levin Betts on our bench in the spring of 1804.

In 1805 Judge Silliman was appointed register of the Zanesville land office, and held that office as late as 1811. He moved, in 1807, to the premises fronting the northern bend of the National road as it leaves Main street at Ninth street, so well known in recent years as the home of Dr. A. H. Brown. The old house, not the remodeled one of to-day, was for many years the noted dwelling of Zanesville, as the Silliman homestead. There, in 1817, President Monroe, accompanied by Gen. Jacob Brown (then commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States), Gen. McComb, the victor of Plattsburg on Lake Champlain, and Gen. Lewis Cass, breakfasted while on a tour through the then West. In October, 1825, Judge Silliman was chosen to represent our county in the state senate, and sat for two years. During his term as state senator he came near being elected to the United States senate, Senator Rugglcs succeeding in securing a re-election by a close vote after a heated contest. During President Jackson's second term he appointed Judge Sil- liman solicitor of the treasury. In 1836 he removed to Cleveland, thence to Wooster, and then to Cincinnati. But he returned to Zanesville, and died there at the residence of his son-in-law, Charles C. Gilbert, on the 13th day of November, 1842. Judge John IT Keith, long resident at Chillicothe, but a practicing lawyer at Zanesville for some eight or ten years, sketched Mr. Silliman as a lawyer and advocate as follows: "In my judgment, he

Silliman's early education was defective. He was a desultory reader of everything that came in his way. His legal attainments were not of a very high order. Indeed, he was of no use in a cause until it came to be argued. I never heard him examine a witness, or knew him to draw a pleading; all these were left to the junior counsel in the cause. He reserved himself to the highest - the advocacy branch of the profession. He was careless and illogical; entirely indifferent to his appearance. He looked as if his clothes had been pitched on him. He had not a particle of self-esteem or vanity, and was as sportive and playful as a boy. In all criminal cases, in breach of promise and seduction cases, he was uniformly retained, and no case seemed perfect without him. I heard him speak in every variety of case, and after I was called to the bar I was sometimes associated with him in causes as junior counsel. His voice, his manner and style of speaking, are just as familiar to me as if I now heard and saw him. But it was in great criminal cases, where life and liberty were involved, that he especially put forth his giant powers. Mr. Silliman was stout and wellformed, above middle height. Two of his sons came to the bar-George Wyllis, who died at sea while returning from Europe, and Charles Oscar, who after some years' practice in Missouri, emigrated to California, where he now resides at Watsonville, Santa Cruz county. His grandsons, Gens. C. C. and S. A. Gilbert, I have hereinbefore named.

"The other of our original legal triumvirate was Samuel Herrick. He was born in Amenia, Dutchess county New York, April 14, 1779; read law under Judge Thomas Duncan, at Carlisle, Pa., and came to the bar June 4, 1805.

He appeared at August term, 1805, of Muskingum common pleas, was appointed prosecuting attorney of Guernsey county in 1810; also, in the same year, United States district attorney for Ohio, in 1812, succeeding Cass as prosecuting attorney of this county, and retaining all these offices, in 1814 becoming prosecuting attorney of Licking county. In May 1814 - during the war - lie was made brigadier general of the Fourth brigade, Third division, Ohio militia; represented our district in congress from March, 1817, to March, 1821. In 1829, President Jackson again appointed him United States district attorney for Ohio, but on June 29, 1830, he resigned that office and retired from practice. He lived at 'Hill-Top,' his farm about two miles south-east of Zanesville until his death, about the first day of March, 1852. General Herrick was a successful lawyer, and this list of the offices held by him shows that he must have been a man of energy and ability, or he could not have commanded the approval of the judges who appointed him to be prosecuting attorney; of the presidents who nominated him to the district attorneyship; and of the people who elected him to represent them in congress. For twenty years he was active and prominent in our community. I believe no son of his survived him. Two of his grandsons, Edward H. and Charles Allen, served as officers of volunteers in the war of'the rebellion, and Eldward entered our profession and now lives at Kansas City, Missouri.

" As already stated, Samuel W. Culbertson, in 1809, increased the bar of Muskingum to four. He was born in Pennsylvania, came to Zanesville shortly after his admission to the bar, and continued in active practice from 1809 to the time of his death, in June, 1840. For years he owned and resided on North Fifth street, on the premises now occupied by Mr. Daniel Applegate, and used as his office the small brick building that yet stands at the corner of the alley next north of the post office. His death was sudden - the result of apoplexy, and left him sitting in his office chair. So far as I can learn, Mr. Culbertson never held any public office. His practice was large and extended over the greater part of Southeastern Ohio. In person he was tall, neither thin nor fat, and in mind quick, alert and keen. He well understood human nature, and was remarkably successful in the examination of witnesses, and in influencing juries. His speech was affected by a lisp, but such was his manner that the apparent defect was often a help to him. In all the county towns from New Philadelphia south and southeastwardly to the Ohio the older lawyers still delight to talk with Zanesville men about " Sam. Culbertson," and to repeat anecdotes touching his cases. Perhaps I can take time to tell one that will illustrate his readiness. A client of Culbertson had sued a client of Gen. Goddard for ren- dering impure the water of a well by changing a drain. Witnesses differed as to the effect of the drain upon the water of the well, and Gen. Goddard exhibited to the jury some of the water in a glass and descanted upon its clearness and purity, and seemed about to carry the jury with him. Culbertson, in reply, boldly picked up the glass, reminded the jury of the General's argument, and then placing the glass upon the table, took a dollar from his pocket and clapping it down by the side of the glass, cried out, "Gentleman of the jury, I'll give General Goddard that dollar if lie'll drink that glass of water." He knew that his opponent was too dignified to accept such a banter, and won a verdict. Mr. Culbertson's second son, Alexander S. B. Culbertson, came to the bar and practiced in this county at first with his father and afterwards alone, and died here. One of his daughters married Joshua Mathiot, who was a member of the Muskingum bar for eight or ten years subsequent to 1824, and then removed to Newark, and until his death, in 1849, was a leader of the Licking bar, and for a time a congressman.

" In 1810, Ebenezer Granger, an elder brother of my father came to Zanesville. He was born in Suffield, Connecticut, on July 6, 1781; studied law at Washington City, under Gideon Granger, the then postmaster general. On July 31, 1815, he married Eliza Seaman, sister of the half-blood to Henry Stanbery. After an active practice of about ten years, he died September 17, 1822. As his death occurred years before I was born, I can only speak of him from hearsay. Old lawyers whom I have met in the course of my own practice in Southeastern Ohio, led to speak of him to me because my surname was the same as his, have often told me that he was a studious, well-read able lawyer, sure, if his life had been prolonged, to take a high place in the profession, and that he was a man of honor and integrity. Towards the close of John Mclntire's life, Mr. Granger was his attorney, and to him was assigned the duty of composing the epitaph of that founder and benefactor of our city. It may interest you to hear it read. It was inscribed upon the plain stone that first marked the grave, and is repeated upon the monument that a few years ago was substituted for the old and worn-out slab. It is as follows:

"'Sacred to the memory of John Mclntire, who departed this life July 29, 1815, aged fiftysix years. lie was born at Alexandria, Virginia; laid out the town of Zanesville, in 180D, of which he was the Patron and Father. He was a member of the convention which formed the Constitution of Ohio. A kind husband; an obliging neighbor; punctual in his engagements, of liberal mind and benevolent disposition, his death was sincerely lamented.

" Thomas Ewing, the elder, and Lewis Cass, while the one was senator, and the other secretary of war, in President Jackson's time, because of their regard for the friend and associate of their first years at the bar, of their own motion named Robert S. Granger, Ebenezer Granger's only child, to a cadetship at West Point. He there graduated in 1838, in the same class with Irvin McDowell and William J. Hardee, and as I have already stated rose to the rank of major-general by brevet at the close of the war with the rebellion.

"From 1817 to 1864, - forty-seven years, - Charles Backus Goddard was a member of our bar. He was born at Plainfield, Connecticut. His father, Calvin Goddard, lived the greater part of his life at Norwich, Connecticut, and was a judge of the supreme court of that state. Charles B. Goddard came to Ohio in 1817. He traveled from Pittsburg to Marietta in a small open row-boat; stayed a few weeks in Marietta, and then, by the advice of Mr. David Putnam, selected Zanesville as his home. He went to Gallipolis in company with Thomas Ewing, and was there admitted to the Ohio bar. Settling in Zanesville, he married Harriet Munro Convers, daughter of the Daniel Convers heretofore mentioned, on June 6, 1820. He soon cquired a large practice in the Muskingum valley, and continued in active professional labor to near the day of his death, which was the first day of February, 1864. In 1838-39, he represented Muskingum in the house of representatives of Ohio, and from December, 1843, until the spring of 1849, 'n the Ohio senate, of which last named body he was speaker, during the session of 1847-48. He was major-general of Ohio militia for a number of years. I believe he held no other public office. He was well read in both general literature and in law; indefatigable in work; earnest, dignified and forcible as an advocate; he relied more on reasoning from principle than precedents. A competitor of Ewing, Hunter, Stanbery, and others of like repute, he was 'a foeman worthy of their steel.' He possessed a high sense of honor, and ever sought to elevate the ethical standard and esprit du corps of the profession. He was generous and hospitable. He outlived all his early associates and rivals in the Muskingum bar; was in continuous practice much longer than any other; for many years he stood at our head, a leader worthy of the regard and respect of our whole community. An accurate portrait of him hangs in the library of the Zanesville Athenaeum.

" I will outline the life of but one more of our honored dead. John Caldwell Hazlett, son of Robert and Lucy Hazlett, was born in Newark, Ohio, September 24, 1831. His parents moved to this place in his childhood. He and I were schoolmates in Zanesville, and for a year, in 1847-48, collegemates at Kenyon, Gambier, Ohio. He afterward went, to the Kentucky Military Institute, at Blue Lick Springs, and there graduated with honor, in 1851. He at once began the study of law under Judge Stillwell, and came to the bar in December, 1853. He, for short periods, practiced first as my partner and then with Judge Searle, but having married Ellen, second daughter of Judge Stillwell, on December 19th, 1854, the judge retired from the bench and resumed practice with his son-in-law. In October, 1855, Mr. Hazlett was elected prosecuting attorney for this county, and was re-elected in 1857 and 1859. During the night of Sunday, April 14-15, 1861, President Lincoln's call for 75,000 three months' volunteers was telegraphed over the country, and ere Monday's sun went down, Capt. John C. Hazlett's company was almost, if not quite, full. He reported with it at Columbus, and by the Thrusday following, as already stated, was passing by rail through Pennsylvania, en route for Washington, with his company and regiment. He was present at Gen. Schenck's ' reconnoissance by rail' at Vienna, and afterward fought in McDowell'sbattle of Bull Run. Returning home in August, at the muster-out of his three-months' men he at once recruited a company for ' three years or the war,' and with it entered the second Ohio volunteer infantry. With this regiment he served in Kentucky, Tennessee and Northern Alabama, taking part in the battles of Perryville and Stone River. At the last named fight he received the wound that caused his death; he died June 7, 1863. Capt. Hazlett was of slight frame, about five feet nine inches in height; of a quick, nervous temperament; possessed of an active and strong mind; well read, both in general literature and in law; he was ambitious of distinction, and evinced a capacity and an aptitude for the law, that, backed by energy, perseverance and attention to business, could not have failed, if his life had been prolonged, to win for him a brilliant reputation and an assured position in the front ranks of the profession. As a prosecutor his success was marked - although he conducted, either alone, or assisted only by some newly admitted tyro, even during his first term, a number of complicated and difficult causes against counsel of distinction, great ability, and much experience. It is sad to miss this comrade as we open this temple of justice. Would that he were here with all the* powers of his youth strengthened by time and use! a competitor to excite us onward in all the nobler contests at this bar; a comrade whose wit and intelligence would add zest to our assemblies; a friend on whose help we could rely at need.

"Others of our dead are worthy of remembrance here - but space forbids the attempt to speak of all. I must content myself with such mention as I have already made and invoke among my brethren of the bar and the people here, who know them, kind recollections of the many others of Muskingum's deserving lawyers who no longer live. Let me speak briefly of some who have gone out from us, and, by their achievements in the forum, on the bench, or in public life, have made us glad to count them as once members of the bar. Henry Stanbery, attorney general of Ohio from 1846 to 1852; attorney general of the United States 1866-68, named by President Johnson for a seat upon the bench of the national supreme court: a lawyer of national reputation, standing in the first rank; was born here, studied law here; was admitted in 1825, and tried some of his first causes in 'Old 1809.' Noah H. Swayne, a national Supreme Judge, since 1862, resided at Coshocton and practiced regularly in this county for several years, beginning in 1825. Hugh J. Jewett, our county's senator in 1853-55: defeated as a Democratic candidate for congress, in a Republican district, by only sixtyfour votes in i860; nominated for governor of Ohio by the Democrats in 1861, he substituted for a platform disapproved by the ' War Democracy,' a letter of acceptance full of outspoken, patriotic devotion to the Union. A congressman from the Columbus district in 1873-74; long a prominent railroad president, and now and for some years past, the trusted president of the New York and Erie railway; lived here for many years, and was in active practice from about 1848 to 1857.

"Samuel Sullivan Cox, whose long service in congress (from 1857 to 1865, as representative from the capital district, Ohio, and since 1871, from New York city,) and his prominent position as a leader in the Democratic party, have given him a national reputation, was born in Zanesville, in October, 1824. His father, Ezekiel T. Cox, was for many years clerk of our county courts, and the son assisted his father in the discharge of the office duties. He graduated at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 1846; was admitted to the bar about 1848, and practiced at Zanesville until 1853. Washington Van Hamm, who began practice here in 1833, and was a common pleas judge, at Cincinnati, from 1857 to 1862, was born and grew to manhood here. William Wartenbee Johnson, who was common pleas judge in the Lawrence district, from 1858 to 1867, and is now a judge in the supreme court commission of Ohio, was born in Muskingum county, educated at Muskingum college, and studied law in the office of Judge Convers, at the same time with myself. He was admitted to the bar while still a resident of our county.

"Our bar has grown old enough to permit fathers to see their sons practicing by their sides. Let me read you a list of the names of sons of Muskingum lawyers, who have also been members of this bar: George Wyllis Silliman, A. S. B. Culbertson, Charles A. Harper, James R. Harper, Daniel Convers Goddard, Charles C. Goddard, George Abbott James, W. C. Blocksom, Charles Id. Blair, Orlando C. Marsh. In addition to those named as worthy of special note, I add here the following: Elijah Hayward, who practiced in this county in 1836, and subsequent years, was one of the judges of the supreme court of Ohio, in 1830. Royal T. Sprague, a member of our bar about 1838, became chief justice of the supreme court of California. His wife was a daughter of Judge William Blocksom, one of our associate judges. Cooper K. Watson, of 1842, was afterward a congressman from the Tiffin district, a judge of common pleas in the Huron district, and member of the constitutional convention in 1873-74. Cydnor B. Tompkins (1836) and Edward Ball (i860,) were congressmen from Muskingum district, each serving four years. James M. Love, who practiced here about 1843, has been for many years United States district judge for Iowa. Such an examination as I have made amongst these records of the work of your predecessors, both saddens and encourages. One after another - sometimes several together they came upon the stage of professional life, each full of hope and expectation as to the future. The silent records picture to us the parts they played. Some few succeeded, realizing perhaps as nearly as mortals may, the hopes of their youth. More attained positions mediocre, yet respectable; some merely failed; some few were worse than failures, showing themselves not mere incapable or unsuccessful lawyers but bad men. I will name no one of these. If any yet live their offending is known and remembered by themselves and by some others. It is enough for this ocasion to say that the bar of Muskingum during the first seventy-two years of its life has not escaped the lot of all associations of men: that it has had unworthy members.

"But is this allotment - to one success, to others failure, the result of chance ? Not so ! Cause and effect are plainly traceable. It seems to me that if the young beginner but ask himself at the outset, 'What should a client desire in his lawyer ? ' the easily discovered answer to the question must indicate not only the means, but also the probability of success, if the questioner knows himself. Ability (not necessarily first class - average ability will do well); legal knowledge (knowledge of principles, of the frame work of the law) ; judgment (that most reliable of all called 'common sense'), caution, alias prudence ; application (this includes preservance, diligence, persistence) ; and last of all, best of all, under all, around all, above all, permeating all, integrity. These qualities, characteristics, habits, combined, will ensure success. Their entire absence will ensure failure. Between these extremes more or less of success or failure will be the lot of one and another as he approaches or recedes from this so seldom understood, yet so easy to-be-understood, standard.

" And now but a word or two more. Entering this new and beautiful temple of justice, we have thus recalled the lives of our predecessors ; let us profit by these recollections ; let us in our future ever try to so demean ourselves as lawyers and as men, as to improve upon our own past, and to equal, if possible to excel, our predecessors in all that is right."

The following list contains the names of those lawyers who have resided in Muskingum county as members of its bar. For that portion of it embracing the years 1804-77 the compiler acknowledges indebtedness to Judge Granger: 1804, Lewis Cass, Wyllis Silliman; 1805, Samuel Herrick; 1809, Samuel W. Culbertson; 1810, Ebenczer Granger; 1812, Alexander Harper; 1814, E. B. Mervin; 1817, Appleton Downer, Charles B. Goddard, John C.

A. FI. Stilwell, Charles M. Vandenbark; 1873, Henry A. Axline, Eugene J. Brown, Henry L. Korte, William A. Taylor; 1874, Charles H. Blair, J. W. Garside, Henry #C. Van Voorhis; 1875, Herman F. Anchauer, IL S. Crozier, Frank

P'ollowing is the present list of members of the bar as kept in the office of the clerk of common pleas: Herman F. Anchauer, John J. Adams, Edgar W. Allen, Albion J. Andrews, F'enton Bagley, William H. Ball, Charles A. Beard, George Brown, William E. Blocksom, Norwood S. Chandler, Joshua T. Crew, William H. Cunningham Jr., Frank A. Durban, Ezra E. Evans, William J. Finley, Alfred A. Frazier, David B. Gary, Fred S. Gates, Charles C. Goddard, Moses M. Granger, John S. Hollingsworth, Isaac Humphrey, William LI. Johnson, John W. King, Daniel B. Linn, John W. Martin, W. J. Massey, Henry S. Woody, Gilbert D. Munson, Thomas J. McDermott, Robert H. McP'arland, George IL Miller, J. M. McHenry, John O'Neill, Benjamin F. Power, F'rederick A. Seborn, Arthur J. Sheppard, Frank IT. Southard, Tileston T. Spangler, Henry R. Stanbery, John R. Stonesipher, C. E. Swingle, Thomas J. Taylor, Charles M. Vandenbark, Henry C. Van- Voorhis, Simeon M. Winn, C. E. Workman, Harry C. Shepherd, John B. Worley, Clement A. Maxwell, William S. O'Neill, George K. Browning. George Porter, admitted in 1872, died a few years ago. P'red B. Hofman, of Columbus, practiced at this bar for a time until recently. H. L. Korte, a resident practitioner, who was probate judge, is now living in Columbus. PL Parker Pyle is now practicing his profession in the West. Albert W. Train, who began practice here in i860, died in 1891.

Associate Judges of Common Pleas. - In February, 1804, David Harvey, William Wells and John Campbell, were commissioned as the first three associate judges for Muskingum county. William Wells resigned before taking his seat, and on March 15, 1804, Jesse Fulton was appointed to fill the vacancy. David Harvey resigned June 19, 1804, and on June 29, 1804, Richard McBride was appointed in his place. John Campbell resigned December 4, 1804, and on December 13, 1804, Giles Hempstead was appointed. On February 7, 1805, the legislature elected Jesse Fulton, Richard McBride, and Seth Carhart.

Judge Korte was appointed on the 24th day of March, 1875, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Morgan. In October, 1876, he was elected for the full term which expired February 9, 1879. George L. Foley, 1879, (now filling third term).

Supreme Court - The first regular term of supreme court held in Muskingum county, began September 9, 1805. Present Samuel Huntington and William Sprigg, judges. The following list shows the clerks of the supreme court for Muskingum county: Abel Lewis,

Agricultural And Kindred Societies, Statistics, Etc

WHAT is denominated mixed husbandry, describes the farming operations of Muskingum county. The farms are generally small, there being few extensive landowners in the county. Tenantry exists only to a very limited extent. The consequence is the largest pi'oduct of the field in stock, cereals, vegetables and fruits is secured. The valleys of the Muskingum and Licking rivers are equal to any in fertility in the state. In the production of corn in 1873, according to the report of the commissioner of statistics of Ohio the general average of the Muskingum valley is greater than that of any other valley in Ohio, except one. All the vegetables, grains and fruits of the climate are here produced. In the vicinity of Zanesville, the lands are chiefly devoted to gardening and farming on a small scale. More remotely from the center, stock-raising and farming in the usual acceptation of the term are followed, and considerable portions of the land are given up to timothy and red clover. Muskingum is one of the largest sheep-growing counties in the state - in fact among the most extensive in the Union. Cattle of the Devon and Durham breeds here raised have taken numerous first premiums at the Ohio state fairs and at various county fairs of this and adjoining counties. During the last few years increased attention has been given to the breeding of the best strains of horses, and at the present time, both for the turf and the road, Muskingum county boasts a class of horses among the best blooded in the United States. In this particular, no expense has been spared, and wherever, throughout the Union, a horse possessing superior qualities has become known, his stock is here found. In horse-raising, Muskingum county, at this time, in the quality of stock raised, does not rank inferior to any county in the state, and the interest taken in it is constantly increasing. There cannot be a doubt that all the conditions of soil, water and climate are here abundantly supplied for stock-raising, and every farmer thus engaged realizes a good profit on his labor and investment. Orchards are abundant. Grape culture is most successful. Numerous vineyards have been planted. At the State horticultural fair of 1872, was seen the finest collection of fruits ever exhibited in Ohio, and of those fruits those of Muskingum county received the first premium. The Ohio state fair was held at Zanesville, in the fall of 1859.

Fifty-seven years ago 300 acres of bottom land on the north side of the Muskingum, opposite Zanesville, extending a long distance up the river was one vast wheat field. This large area was seeded in wheat by a then prominent man named Taylor. All this then immense crop was harvested with the old fashioned cradle and sickle. Twenty-five stalwart cradlers, one behind the other, each followed by a raker and binder, were seen in that field in July, 1835. 1° the West it is no unusual thing to sow a thousand acre field in wheat, but it is a "picnic" to cut, bind, thrash, clean and sack the entire crop ready for market by horse or steam power applied to modern agricultural machinery. To harvest such a crop by the best methods known at the time of which mention has been made would have required a small army of laborers.

saw good merchantable side pork sold on the levee at New Orleans at $12 per thousand pounds, to be used as fuel on a steamboat. Corn to justify shipment next to wheat was the most important article of trade. As there was no other means of disposing of the surplus corn, whisky was manufactured, up to about 1840, in large quantities, and shipped South. Prices of farm products up to about the year 1839, when important changes took place in this market, owing to the completion of the Ohio canal, ranged about as follows: Wheat from twentyfive to sixty cents per bushel. Flour sold at the mills at $2 per barrel, and corn sold as low as twelve and one-half cents per bushel. Heavy pork for packing sold at $1.50 to $2.50 per hundred. Beef sold at from one to three cents per pound. Good milch cows were sold at $6 to Si 2. The latter price was seldom obtained before 1840. Good butter was from five to 10 cents a pound. Horses at that time were in price about equal in proportion to other articles of trade. Whisky was sold at from twelve and one-half to sixteen and two-thirds cents per gallon. Chickens sold at seventy-five cents to Si a dozen, eggs at from three to five cents a dozen."

Early in 1840 prices were as follows: Wheat fifty cents, flour S3 a barrel, corn twenty cents, oats twelve cents, rye thirty cents, eggs four cents per dozen and chickens fifty cents to seventy-five cents per dozen. Produce was plentiful, but wheat was the only article that brought ready cash and the farmers were careful to save it to pay taxes and interest on their mortgages. In November, 1843, wheat sold for fifty cents a bushel; produce was low, but the crops were good. Flour was S3. 25, corn eighteen and three-fourths to twenty-five cents, pork one and one-half to two cents.

cents; flour, S3. 25; pork, S2.50; beef, one and a half to two cents; corn, twenty cents; eggs five to eight cents per dozen; chickens, seventy-five cents a dozen; turkeys, thirty-one to thirty-seven and a half cents each; wood, $1 per cord ; coal, three and a half cents per bushel. At prices paid for labor in the workshop, the workmen earned two bushel of wheat per day and other produce in proportion - say five bushels of corn or fifty pounds of beef or pork per day. In the harvest field, one bushel of wheat was paid for a day's work, which was a universal custom.

The pioneers brought with them fruit and garden seed. So soon as a clearing was made the seeds were planted, that food might be raised for the families. The apple, quince, peach, plum and cherry seeds were soon grown in nursery and thence taken to every new clearing. From these nurseries came the finest fruit, such as the Putnam russet, Rhode Island greening, Newtown pipin, Seek-no-further, Summer sweet, Early Chandler, Burlingame pears, with a few other varieties, black and red Murello, Maydukc and other cherries. Seedling peaches and grapes soon followed.

Valuable information concerning the first fruit orchards in the Muskingum valley is to be found in the following interesting sketch of the eccentric " Johnny Appleseed," by Dr. II. S. Nye: "The first peach seeds planted in

Ohio were in the garden of Maj. John Doughty, in the stockade at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum river, in 1786, and they bore fruit about 1790. One variety was cultivated in the county many years after. Israel Putnam and Captain Jonathan Devol planted nurseries on the Muskingum, above Marietta, from 1790 to 1800, from which trees were planted in all the new settlements and from which came the fine fruit, Rhode Island greenings, Newtown pippins, Putnam russets and Seek-no-furthers. The Burlingame pear originated from a seed found in a trunk brought from Massachusetts by Christopher Burlingame, one of the pioneers, and is still cultivated. It is a constant, hardy bearer, and much valued by the cultivators. The Rome Beauty originated in Belpre. A man from Rome township, Lawrence county, in buying trees from a nursery in Belpre, found a shoot from the stalk below the bud or graft and separated it with root, planted, nursed and trimmed it till it bore such fine fruit that he named it Rome Beauty. Mr. Corpse, of Beverly, originated a fine tree and called the fruit Corpse Seedling. It is quite a good apple, dark crimson color, white flesh, medium sized early winter and a good keeper. 'Johnny Appleseed,' properly John Chapman, was born in Massachusetts. As early as 1780 he was seen along the banks of the Potomac in Eastern Virginia. He was a very eccentric man. Esteem, benevolence and kindness of heart were his characteristics, hie lived on bread and milk when he could get them, traveled about a great portion of his time, would not kill any animal or insect, never used a gun; was Swedenborgian in religion; thought himself a messenger sent into the wilderness to prepare the way of the people, and really did do that in many ways. He gathered apple seeds little by little from the cider presses of Western Pennsylvania, putting them carefully in leathern bags, and transporting them, sometimes on horseback or muleback, to the Ohio, and by boat to the mouth of the Muskingum, and up the river, planting seed in wild, secluded spots along its numerous branches. Later in life he continued his operations further west, even to Indiana. When his trees were ready for sale he left them in charge of some pioneers tosellforhim at a 'fippenny bit' apiece or to give to applicants who were too poor to buy them. Some of his nurseries were in the Walhonding valley. Many of his orchards were scattered over Knox, Richland, Ashland, and other counties further cast. One nursery was located in Indianfield, or Owl Creek, Knox county. Some of his trees are still growing prior to and during the war of 1812. His operations in the Muskingum valley were quite extensive. It was his highway of travel to and from the Pennsylvania cider presses. While he continually extended his nurseries further west, he kept up those he had established in the valley, and frequently visited them on his journeys back and forth. One nursery was in Newcastle township, Coshocton county. The spot is now pointed out, and an immense apple tree of his planting is referred to in a published history of that township. He was a regular minister of the church of New Jerusalem and carried books and tracts relating to his religion and read them and gave them away to people where he stopped. He owned and donated lots to persons in Mount Vernon, in 1828. Besides apple trees, he extensively scattered vegetable seed, dogfennel, pennyroyal, mayapple, horehound, catnip and wintergreen to be used as medicines. In 1836, he began operations in Indiana, having a sister living there. In the spring of 1847, being fifteen miles from one of his nurseries on the St. Joseph river, word came to him that cattle had broken in and destroyed his treees. He started immeately for the place. When he arrived he was much exhausted in strength, for by this time he was old and feeble. He lay down that night never to rise. A fever set in and in a few days he died and was buried in David Archer's graveyard, two miles north of Fort Wayne. Thus ended a most wonderful life, devoted to raisingand disseminatingapple trees from Pennsylvania through Ohio to Indiana, as well as other plants, and preaching and practicing his benevolent Christianity throughout a large portion of our western country."

Among those who gave attention to fruitgrowing, in Muskingum county in earlier days, were John Mclntire, John Matthews, Isaac Van Horne, John Townsend, William Culbertson, Isaac Dillon, Charles Gilbert, Seth Adams, Rev. C. Springer and others. Later leading horticulturists have been Thomas McLees, C. Hall, Levi Scott, N. F. Claypool, James Heenan, Martin Hoosan, John Granger and Henry Gray.

22,723 acres sown to wheat in 1889, and 275,434 bushels were produced. In 1890, 27,139 acres were sown to this crop. In iSSg-'go 1,234,465 bushels of oats were produced. In 1890, 2,008 bushels of barley were produced. About 28,440 acres were planted to corn that year and about 1,000 acres less in 1890. The total product in corn was 984,999 bushels shelled. In

1890, 22,600 pounds of broom corn were raised The hay output was 49,099, the hay average having been 42,496; 5,434 acres were devoted to clover and 5,897 tons were grown; the bushels of seed aggregated 3,173; 202,066 gallons of milk were sold for family use; of butter, 832,817 pounds were made in home dairies and 200 pounds in factories and creameries. In 1889, 1,710 acres were planted to potatoes ami 143,403 bushels were produced. In 1890, 1,520 acres were planted. In 1890 the number of eggs produced was 656,270 dozen. About 2,000 gallons of wine were produced in 1890. Of sweet potatoes, 3,61 7 acres were produced. Fruit statistics: Acres occupied,

7,022; bushels of apples produced, 200,440 bushels; peaches, 32,173 bushels; pears, 2,720 bushels; cherries, 2,396 bushels; plums, 181 bushels. In 1889 the county produced 664,906 pounds of wool. Then were owned within its limits 8,651 milch cows and 63 stallions. In the following figures are exhibited the number of horses, cattle, mules, etc., returned to the auditor of state's office by the Muskingum county auditor, for the years 1889 and 1890: Horses,

The Muskingum County Agricultural society was organized January 21, 1848, under an act of the Ohio legislature for the encouragement of agriculture passed about two years earlier. The following named were the first officers: Cornelius Springer, of Springfield township, president; George W. Gibbons, of Wayne township, vice-president; James L. Cox, of Zanesville, treasurer; Uriah Park, of Zanesville, secretary. There was a board of managers thus constituted, all the members of which are long dead: Caleb Hall, of Blue Rock township, Mathew Gillespie, of Springfield, township; Philo Buckingham, of Wayne township; Benjamin Wheeler, of Zanesville, and Isaac Dillon, of Falls township.

The first formal exhibition or fair under the auspices of this society was held in the fall of 1848, but informal exhibitions of the agricul tural interests of the county were held in two or three previous years. The first exhibition was held in the old market house. The premium list amounted to $400. The first fair grounds were situated in Springfield township and comprised about twenty acres of land since the property of Howard Stanbery. These grounds proving too small, a more commodious tract situated about half a mile south of the former site, on the old Cooper Mill road, was

Constitution

Sec. 3. The officers of this society shall consist of a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and an executive committee of three members; all of whom shall be elected at each annual meeting upon the second Thursday of December of each year, and serve until their successors are elected.

Sec. 4. The president, or in his absence the vice-president, shall preside at all meetings of the society and the executive committee. In the absence of both, a presiding officer shall be appointed by the meeting.

Sec. 5. The secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the society and attend to all necessary correspondence; he shall also receive all moneys due the society and pay over the same to the treasurer.

Sec. 6. The treasurer shall receive from the secretary all moneys of the society, pay out the same upon the order of the secretary, countersigned by the president; shall keep account of all receipts and disbursements, and report the condition of the finances annually.

Sec. 8. Any person may become a member of the society by the payment of 50 cents. Membership shall be annual and cease with the expiration of the current year for which the fee has been paid.

Sec. 10. This constitution or any by-law may be altered or amended at any regular meeting upon a vote of two-thirds of the members present- notice of such amendments having been submitted in writing at the previous regular meeting.

Article i. The regular meetings shall be held at members' residences by invitation; in summer, on the second Thursday of each month, at 1 o'clock P. M. The winter meetings shall be held at the convention room in the court house unless otherwise provided for.

Art. 2. It shall be the duty of all officers to attend every regular meeting of the society, and at the close of their official terms to hand over all books and papers in their possession to their successors.

Art. 3. The committee on fruit shall have charge of all fruits on exhibition, and at the close of each meeting shall return the same to the exhibitors.

The constituent members and officers were as follows: William Imlay, president; S. Jacobs Moore, vice-president; William J. Townsend, secretary; W. A. Graham, treasurer. Board: A. McFarland, James Turner, Silvers Porter and William A. Burroughs; and S. R. Moore,

Dietz. Regular meetings are held on the second Tuesday of each month. All are invited to attend. This is a county institution, and you are certainly interested, if you have the interests of your county at heart, whether you be raiser or consumer. Please give your name, influence and encouragement.

Political History

LISTS of county and court officials, and representatives in the legislature and in congress contain the names of many Muskingan county men, who have risen to political distinction. Special mention of a few will be of interest here. The lamented James A. Garfield was once a teacher in Blue Rock township, this county. Lewis Cass was prosecuting attorney 1804-12, member of the legislature in 1806, governor of the territory of Michigan, minister to France, United States senator from Michigan, secretary of state and secretary of war. Wyllis Silliman was chosen president judge of common pleas court in 1803, was register of the general land office in 1805, helped move the state papers from Chillicothe to Zanesville in 1810, was a representative in the Ohio legislature in 1828, was appointed solicitor for the United States treasury by Andrew Jackson, and performed other important public duties. Samuel Herrick was prosecuting attorney of Guernsey county in 1810, was United States district attorney in 1810 and in 1819, succeeded Lewis Cass as prosecuting attorney of Muskingum county in 1812, was prosecuting attorney for Licking county in 1814, and was member of congress from this district 1817-21. Alexander Harper was representative in the Ohio legislature, 1820- 1821, president judge of the court of common pleas 1822-36, and member of congress 1837-39, 1843-47 and 1851-53. Appleton Downer was member of the legislature in 1831. Charles B. Goddard was representative in the legislature 1 838-39, state senator, 1845-48 and speaker in 1847-48. John C. Stockton was clerk of the supreme and common pleas courts of Muskingum county 1812-17, prosecuting attorney 1818-20 and representative in the legislature in 1827. Thomas Ewing ("Old Tom"), state senator in the 29th general assembly, was a member of the Muskingum county bar, and was a favorite political speaker here in his time. Richard Stillwell was prosecutingattorney 1820-27, president judge of the common pleas court, 1847-51, judge, 1852-54 and member of the constitutional convention in 1850-51. Corrington W. Searle was president judge of the court of common pleas 1836-47 and in 1851-52, and judge in 1855-56. Joshua Mathiot was member of congress 1841-43. Henry Stanbery, who was attorney general of Ohio 1846-52, and attorney general of the United States 1866-68, was a member of the Muskingum bar. The same may be said of his elder brother, William Stanbery, who was attorney general of the United States, and in 1824-25 a member of the Ohio senate from Licking county. So, also, was Judge Noah H. Swayne, who was representative in the 28th general assembly from Guernsey county in 1829 and was appointed associate judge of the United States supreme court in 1862. Alexander B. S. Culbertson was Ohio representative in 1827. John H. Keith was representative in the state legislature 1832-33 and speaker of the house at the 32d session. Charles C. Convers was state senator in 1849-50, and speaker in 1850 and judge of the court of common pleas in 1854 and 1855. Napoleon A. Guille was prosecuting attorney 1839-51. Royal T. Sprague became chief justice of the supreme court of California. Philadelphus Van Trump was member of congress from Fairfield county 1867

-73. James M. Love became United States district judge in Iowa. Arius Nye removed to Marietta and was president judge of the common pleas court of Washington county, and represented that county in the legislature and state senate. Nathan Evans was member of congress, Hugh J. Jewett was state senator in 1854 -55, member of the house of representatives in 1868-69 arRl in 1 873-7 5 - George W. Manypenny was clerk of the common pleas court 1841-46, member of the board of public works 1850 and commissioner of Indian affairs in 1880. John O'Neill was prosecuting attorney 1853-56 and member of congress 1863-65. Daniel Convers Goddard was appointed master commissioner for three years in 1845. William H. Ball was a member of the legislature in 1872 and became judge of the court of common pleas in 1879. Lucius P. Marsh was judge of common pleas 1856-62 and from 1874-79. Samuel Sullivan ("Sunset") Cox, born in Zanesville, October 1, 1824, was appointed deputy clerk of common pleas at the age of fourteen, and was a member of congress from the Columbus district 1857-65 and later from New York. Moses M. Granger was city solicitor of Zanesville in 1865 but resigned in 1866; became prosecuting attorney of Muskingum county in 1866 and resigned that year; was appointed judge of common pleas to fill a vacancy in 1866 and in 1867 was elected for a full term, but resigned in 1871, and in 1872 was made reporter of the supreme court, but resigned in 1874. Robert W. P. Muse was probate judge 1864-70. John Haynes was prosecuting attorney 1861-64. Charles C. Goddard, who has the most extensive law library in Zanesville, has been called to several important positions. Ezra E. Evans was judge of the court of common pleas 1862-66. John A. Blair was member of the legislature in 1856- 58. Daniel B. Gary was prosecuting attorney 1872-74. Daniel B. Linn was state senator 1866-70 and a member of the state board of equalization in 1871. Edward Ball was sheriff 1839-43, member of the legislature 1845-9 and 1868-70, and member of congress 1853-57. Albert W. Train was prosecuting attorney 1866- 68. Simeon M. Winn is the present prosecuting attorney. Milton I. Southard was prosecuting attorney 1868-72 and member of congress 1873-79, and has filled other official positions. Frank H. Southard is also prominent politically. Fenton Boglcy was prosecuting attorney in 1880-81. Edgar W. Allen was clerk of the common pleas court 1870-73. James B. Sheppard was a member of the legislature of the state in 1874-75, William G,

Blocksom was city solicitor of Zanesville in 1875-79 and mayor in 1879-80. Reuben Morgan was probate judge 1873-75 John R. Stonesipher was prosecuting attorney 1878-80. Herman F. Achauer was member of the legislature in 1877-78. Henry L. Korte was probate judge 1870-73 and 1875-78. Henry R. Stanbery was city solicitor 1879-80. William H. Cunningham, Jr., was city solicitor in 1881. For further valuable information supplementing this the reader is referred to the chapters detailing the history of the bench and bar of Muskingum county, and containing full and accurate lists of all officials of Muskingum county and o-f the city of Zanesville.

Following are accounts of several incidents of a political and semi-political character which cannot but interest every citizen of Muskingum county, regardless of age or political affiliation.

July 4, 1840, occurred the "great Whig barbecue " in Zanesville, the following description of which is extracted from a letter from F. W. Howard (an eye-witness), of Roseville, to his brother in Boston, dated July 5, 1840: " Yesterday was the proudest day that old Muskingum county ever witnessed. A free barbecue had been prepared by the people of this county, and yesterday was selected for the meeting.

I arrived in Zanesville on my favorite pony just as the sun was peering over the horizon. The wholetown was wide awake. At Mainstreet a scene burst upon my sight such as I never before witnessed. Banners in great numbers, with mottoes, were stretched across Main street; flags, banners, log cabins, etc., were gaily suspended from nearly every Whig house on the street. The people had begun to arrive in small squads. At nine o'clock they began to arrive by the hundreds, bearing banners, flags, eagles, brooms (to sweep the Augean stables clean), Buckeye log cabins one foot or more in size, canoes, etc., etc., etc. Brush Creek (my township) came in with a large delegation, and Newton township behind it, the procession making a splendid appearance. They and other township delegations carried several banners of my own painting. A description of some of them will doubtless be interesting to the reader:

Salt Creek

"The Roseville delegation carried a banner, a picturesque landscape, to illustrate an incident in the battle of Tippecanoe. The log school-house stands in the foreground of a new clearing, among the stumps and logs. A small stream of water, spanned by a primitive bridge, gives beauty to the scene. The express rider from the army, with galloping steed, carrying news to the settlements, has just passed, exclaiming: ' Harrison has whipped the British and Indians! ' The old Irish school-master, with hat in hand, and the larger boys, with the smaller ones following, all rush pell mell out of the door. The master is looking behind, exclaiming: ' Boys, do you hear that? Hurrah for Harrison! No more school to-day! ' * * * With these came a large log cabin drawn by four gray horses, with a blue flag on every one of them. The men inside were merry fellows, singing songs and drinking hard cider. The door was wide open and the latch-string out and of a size that could not be pulled in. * * * Then came several township delegations with banners and flags and with all kinds of devices and mottoes. One delegation had a live fox carried on a pall in a canoe. The canoe was painted black, with oars on each side and a rudder at the stern. The mottoe was ' For Salt River; ' the name, ' Little Magician.' * * * We saw the Guernsey county delegation and another log cabin, then another township delegation, and then another one, and yet one or two more. Then came Tom Corwin's buggy, drawn by thirty-one yoke of oxen - a grand sight. It was built on large timber wheels and would carry over one hundred persons. The seats were extended over the wheels and were arranged like those of a circus. Then came a large, ball, thirteen feet in diameter, drawn by four beautiful gray horses and representing the twenty-six states of the Union, with a motto for 'each. It was brilliant in colors and reached to the eaves of the twostory houses. As it turned the corner of the street, all the time revolving on its axis, and its brilliant colors flashing in the sunlight, it resembled some huge meteor. * * * The procession was now formed to march out to Mount Tyler to partake of refreshments and hear the addresses of Murphy and Tom Corwin, the latter our candidate for governor, the ' wagoner boy,' so called. We were one hour in forming, and our line of march was through Market street down to Second, and into Main street again. As our part came into Main street, I had a good view of the whole. Every window as far as the eye could see, and the house tops in general were filled with the fair sex and others waving their handkerchiefs to the thousands below. Nine thousand ladies waving their white flags inspire enthusiasm. They are all Whigs. God bless them! In our march we stop in front of a three-story building filled with them. Each division stops to give them a cheer, and they give us national songs. From the time we entered Main street until we left at the other end, there was one continual cheer and waving of flags. The old. soldiers werethere; some of whom fought in the revolution, and some under Harrison. As some of them were getting into carriages, a Locofoco said: ' There go two more d - d tories!' and it caused quite a row. A small log cabin was carried by our delegation, and a little girl at a window cried out, ' O give me that little log cabin; do give it to me!' The reply was, 'You must get a little man first.' It was afterwards given to a lady who sent it to friends in New Jersey."

In the latter part of August, 1844, during the Henry Clay-Polk campaign, a few enthusiastic young Whigs of Zanesville conceived the idea of erecting on the courthouse square a handsome liberty pole that should excel anything of the kind ever erected in Zanesville or elsewhere. The committee adopted the plan of a ship's mast submitted by the late Capt. Kearney, a seafaring man. A poplar tree, contributed by the late W. B. Culbertson, who lived a few miles down the river, was cut down and hauled to a place at the rear of the courthouse, where a number of Zanesville carpenters and painters put it in shape. Perry J. Moore superintended this labor, as well as the raising. Meantime political excitement ran high. The Locofocoes threatened that the pole should never be erected, and it was guarded by T. F. Baker, who had been a soldier under Gen. Harrison, who staid by it, rifle in hand, not only while it was being made ready, but for many nights after it was raised. September g, 1844, there was a big Whig mass meeting at Zanesville, and the pole was raised the previous afternoon in the presence of several thousand persons, many of whom had come from distant parts of the county, some of them from adjoining counties. The word was given by the late Gen. Charles B. Goddard, and up went the pole, amid the wildest cheers. Then a United States flag, made by the ladies of Zanesville, and by them presented to the young Whigs, was produced and received with great demonstrations of enthusiasm. It is said this flag was of silk, and the material of which it was composed cost $125. When it had been run up about 100 feet the cord became foul and the flag could be neither raised nor lowered. Some malevolent Locofoco had caused the trouble. Edmund Brush, father of Dr. Edmund C. Brush, of Zanesville, had had some facility in climbing masts, having had some seafaring experience, and he soon made his way up to the flag and placed the cord right, amid the huzzas of the crowd. While the flag was being run up, the Whigs sang the following song, contributed for the occasion by the late D. J. Culbertson and W. T. McKibben, members of the Zanesville Clay Club: singing. The pole was 175 feet high, in three sections, joined like a ship's mast by cross trees. It was said to be the finest and best finished liberty pole in Ohio, and its cost was several hundred dollars. About ten feet from the base was a handsome grand stand accessible by an easy stairway to speakers and singers. The pole stood for several months an object of popular admiration and a monument to the enthusiasm of Zanesvillians in a cause that failed. The next day a great mass meeting was held at the old elm tree, North Sixth street. Around that old elm cluster many interesting memories. It was under that tree that Gen. William Henry Harrison delivered, in 1840, his famous speech, the last political address of his life. There too Tom Ewing and Tom Corwin delivered their greatest political speeches in the campaign of 1844.

There was a meeting of five men at the residence of H. C. Howells, in Putnam, June 24, 1833, which is of considerable interest in this connection. Mr. Howells was one of the five. The four others were Levi Whipple, A. G. Allen, Thomas Gurney, and M. B. Cushing. They met to "discuss the subject of slavery and oppression, with a view to attempt the organization of a society on the broad principle of total emancipation as soon as possible." On the following Saturday evening the following named persons met at Mr. Whipple's office, on (now) Muskingum avenue and organized a" Society for the Promotion of Freedom and Universal Rights," Levi Whipple, chairman; John Goshen, Thomas Gurney, Horace Nye, H. C. Howells, M. B. Cushing, John Quigley, Charles Matthews, William Joiner and A. G. Allen. A constitution presented by a previously appointed committee consisting of Messrs. Whipple, Howells and Allen, was signed by every one present except Messrs. Matthews and Goshen. July 4th, following, a public meeting was held in the Zanesville Presbyterian Church, at which the constitution was amended and the name of the association was changed to "The Muskingum County Fhnancipation Society to Promote the Abolition of Slavery and Oppressive Laws." Though it was not numerously signed in the city, this constitution was soon endorsed by the signatures of 2go persons in different parts of the county. A monthly concert for prayer for the abolition of slavery was established October 26 following, It was first held in the Stone academy and later for many years in the basement of the Presbyterian church in Putf nam on the evening of the last Monday in each e month. A colored adults' bible-class was y formed, and later a Sunday-school for colored people, the classes of which later were merged with those of the regular Sunday-school from which they did not separate until the colored people organized churches and Sunday schools of their own. In the winter of 1834 petitions were signed in the county and forwarded to the state legislature, praying for the consideration of the condition of Ohio's colored population particularly that they might be permitted to testify in the courts and have the benefit of the school fund; and to congress, asking for the immediate abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and of the slave trade between the states. Prior to this time a colonization society had been formed and now, to considerable extent, the two organizations differed and some active opposition had developed between them; but late in 1835 the members of the two societies united in a petition both to the Ohio legislature and to the national congress renewing the requests made by friends of emancipation a year before. It was about this time that Jacob Stout, a member of the society, was fined 850 for employing a colored man, Mark Turner, and, taking exceptions to this decision, the society employed Messrs. Goddard & Convers in his defense. A state convention was appointed to be held in Putnam, April 22, 1835. During the preceding March, Theodore D. Weld, afterwards distinguished as an abolitionist orator, accepted an invitation to deliver some addresses here. His efforts created great excitement and roused much opposition to the society. Opponents of abolition disturbed the meetings, and April 11, a committee was appointed to confer with the prosecuting attorney relative to having Mr. Weld protected in his right of free speech. Richard Stillwell, afterwards Judge Stillwell, then filled that office. The convention was broken up by riotous persons from "over the river, who threatened to burn the dwellings of Mayor Nye, Mr. A. A. Guthrie and Mr. Howells. There being no municipal government in Putnam, these dwellings were guarded by their owners and their owners' friends. When the Ohio Anti-Slavery society again assembled here, in May, 1839, the feeling of hostility against the movement had to a degree decreased, but the announcement of the appointed meeting seemed to fan the flames of opposition to fury again. Several inflammatory documents were circulated, among them a dozen headed "Resurrection of Abolitionists in Putnam." This was characterized by the most scathing vituperation and of a quality to arouse the evil passions of lawless persons. Abram France allowed the horses of delegates to stand in his stable, and for that offense his barn was set on fire on the night the convention adjourned. The next night the barn of Mr. Whipple was fired for the same reason. One of the rioters, named Michael Casey, was arrested but was rescued cn route to the jail, at the lower bridge, by an armed body of his sympathizers and taken to Zanesville. This event led to the determination of a mob to burn Putnam, and with that avowed determination it rushed shouting down Third street and through the bridge. They were driven back by a force of armed police under command of Mayor L. M. Chandler, of Putnam, but retreated reluctantly with deep curses upon the "abolition town," or, as some called it, "nigger" town.

An incident of the "underground road" days that concerns Roseville will be found of interest. This related in T. L. Gray's "Reminiscenses of the Early Days of Slavery." Mr. Gray says, in regard to some fugitives that had arrived, he was fearful of keeping them about, so he took them a mile into the country to Mrs. Affadilla Deaver's and there left them. Mrs. Deaver was going to Zanesville to market the following day and volunteered to take them along. She put straw in the bottom of the wagon for the fugitives to lie on and covered them over with a quilt, loaded her marketing and started, taking no one with her in sight except her son Hiram, a lad of twelve. At the foot of Nigton's hill, near Roseville, the wagon mired and she found herself in the predicament of being stuck fast in the mud and not daring to unload. In a short time Messrs. Wigton, Dills, Walker and Erwing came to her assistance and pried the wagon out of the mud for her, without even so much as asking what it contained. They were all pro-slavery men, and Mrs. Deaver often expressed wonderment as to what they would have thought "had they known they had been wading round in the mud and prying out two big niggers," thus aiding them in gaining what they regarded as unlawful freedom.

The Cincinnati Times-Star gives the following sketch of ante-war time happenings here: "Edward W. Cox of the Denison house, was a liberal contributor to the underground railway that scooted slaves to Canada. J. Wesley Gazaway, father of the present minister of Allen temple of this city, was in charge of the Zanesville station. One day Mr. Cox, who resided near Zanesville, was informed that three slaves, the property of Cincinnatus Neal, of Parkersburg, Va., were in the vicinity, and that two English detectives were on their track. Mr. Cox got all the information he could from his unsuspecting informant and gave the tip to Mr. Gazaway in the night time. The latter started from home to look for the slaves, for he knew full well where they would stop. Two days after that, Mr. Gazaway placed in Mr. Cox's hand a telegram announcing the safe arrival of the slaves in Canada. Soon after the breaking out of the war, Mr. Cox, who had been appointed a clerk by A. V. Barringer, commissary of subsistence, for the post at Parkersburg, moved his family to that place. There was a bitter feeling existing against northern people, but finally a kinship was identified between Mrs. Cox and the old settlers, and the erstwhile Yanks were received into the best society. Mr. Cox, who had found great difficulty in procuring a place of residence, moved into one belonging to Col. W. L. ('Mudwall' ) Jackson, a brother of the famous Gen. T. J. ('Stonewall') Jackson. Directly opposite lived Cincinnatus Neal, whose slaves had been spirited away, as related above. One evening while Mr. Cox and his wife were enjoying their hospitality, the host told them a story of how three of his slaves had run away before the war, and although they were tracked to Zanesville by the best English talent, still all trace of them was lost at that point. Mrs. Cox looked at her husband with a horrified expression and Mr. Cox laughed outright. Mr. Neal looked puzzled, but Mr. Cox managed to explain himself, and Mr. Neal never knew that the very man he was entertaining was a big factor in making it possible for those identical slaves to escape." Edward W. Cox is a son of the late Judge H. J. Cox, who, previous to 1856, was one of the leading business men of Zanesville. J. Wesley Gazaway, in his day, was known to all the people of Zanesville.

Mr. Thurston came there from the South to raise recruits for the Texan army, it created much excitement, and the community being largely southern the public sympathy was with the Texans. Capt. Burroughs enlisted in the cause and soon raised a large company to join Gen. Houston, to fight the Mexicans and for Texan liberty. We girls thought so much of Capt. Burroughs and his bravery in leaving a nice home and business and pleasant associations to risk his life in the defense of liberty, that we resolved to present him and his company with a flag. We passed round a subscription paper and soon raised about $50. I think this was about 1 835 - 36. We bought the material and made a very handsome flag. It was of heavy deep-blue silk, about three yards in length and proportionately wide, trimmed with heavy yellow or golden silk fringe, and bore a spread eagle painted in gilt with a ribbon in gilt suspended from its beak, bearing the motto: 'To the hero of San Jacinto.' The flag staff was of black walnut with brass mountings topped out with a brass tomahawk, with the inscription: 'To Capt. Burroughs and his braves.' I had the honor of holding up one corner of it when it was presented. * * The flag was made at my aged grandmother's house on Third street. * * There were a dozen of us girls that every afternoon for a week met in our front room and worked on the flag until it was finished; the gentlemen, too, often joined us to give advice and help us, particularly with the painting and staff, which they managed entirely. The presentation was made from the door steps of the residence of Col. James Ragnet, on Fifth street, and Miss Mary Love made a beautiful and appropriate speech. Capt. Burroughs replied with an excellent speech, saying that the beautiful flag presented to him should never be dishonored and that if he were spared to return he would bring it back covered with glory. He did bring it back, and it looked, too, as if it had been through many a hard battle. As I remember, some of the girls who stood on the steps with Miss Love were Belinda Thompson, Elizabeth Love, Sarah E. Fawcett, Eliza Galligher and I think Mrs. Ragnet, as she was always ready to help in any emergency. The street was crowded with people from Main to Market when Capt. Burroughs marched up with his brave company.

Miscellaneous Statistics

FEBRUARY 4, 1825, an act was passed by the legislature of Ohio to provide for the internal improvements of the state by navigable canals. The original intention of the legislature was to make the Ohio and Erie canal, extending from Lake Erie to the Ohio river, and the southern end of the Ohio and Maumee canal, from Cincinnati to Dayton; and, provided Congress made provisions to assist in the work, to extend the last named canal to Lake Erie. The Ohio and Erie canal can scarcely be said to have been completed until 1831-32, nor the Miami and Maumee canal until the locks at Cincinnati were finished in 1834. Muskingum county's navigable streams early gave her commercial prominence and the Ohio canal, then the great route for trade for the State, was connected with the Muskingum river at Dresden. A side cut or branch canal about two and a half miles in length, from the main canal to the river was necessary to perfect the plan. In 1871 the work was so far advanced as to allow' the passage of boats, but it was not until a year later that the Muskingum *improvement was completed.

Railroads have revolutionized much in Ohio, but perhaps in no place has the change been greater than in this city. Prior to 1850 her natural advantages placed her without a peer in the state, but since railroads were introduced much of the commerce that once fell to her has been diverted to other channels, and to-day she stands as only the key to Southeastern Ohio where once she ranked as the first city in the state. Her first line of railroad - the Central Ohio road - was begun in 1850 and extended to Newark, a distance of 26 miles; in 1853 the line was opened to Columbus, and in the latter part of 1854 the line was in operation to Bellaire. This road in 1866 came into the hands of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad company and became a part of that grand trunk line connecting New York and Chicago. The Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley road, which was first built as the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville road, was put into operation at about the same time as was the Steubenville & Indiana road, which is now known as the Pan Handle.

The vast area of lands known as Northwest Territory having been ceded March 1, 1784, to the general government, congress passed an ordinance on May 20, 1785, to have these lands surveyed into townships, and placed the work of direction in charge of Thomas Hutchins. Seven ranges, bounded on the east by Pennsyl vania and south by the Ohio, were surveyed and a part of the land located. No further sales were then made till July 1, 1801. The settlement of Marietta had been made in April, 1788, and it needed all the sterling qualities of intellect, wealth and courage to enable the colonists to bear their privations. For months they were destitute of salt, and lived upon fresh meat, milk, and vegetables, and bread made of corn pounded fine in a mortar. It was rumored that up the Muskingum, at some point, were salt springs, but the Indians kept their secret till in August, 1795, a released prisoner stopping at Olive Green gave their location. A party went out at once, and during an absence of a weeksecured a gallon of salt, made in a camp-kettle.

In the summer of 1796 a company was formed, consisting of fifty shareholders, who paid one dollar and a half each, thus securing a capital of seventy-five dollars, to buy castings and erect a furnace to make salt at Duncan's Falls. Twenty-four kettles were bought at Pittsburg, transported by water to the foot of the falls, and thence packed on horses seven miles to the salt-licks. A well was dug near the edge of the creek, fifteen feet deep, down to the rock which formed the bed of the stream. Through crevices in this rock salt water exuded to the surface. The trunk of a hollow sycamore, three feet in diameter, was settled in the well and so bedded in the rock as to exclude fresh water. A double-range furnace, twelve kettles in each, was built, a small shed was placed over the works, and a cabin erected to lodge the workmen. A sweep and pole were employed to raise water from the well. The company was divided into ten classes of five men each, who served two weeks at a time, with regular watches night and day. Wood was chopped and hauled by aid of a yoke of cattle. The manufacture was equal to 100 pounds of prepared salt in twenty-four hours. Counting the value of labor and the cost of outlay, the price of the salt was about $3 per bushel. It was of poor quality, of a dark color, and impregnated with muriate of lime. The gain to the people was the substitution of labor in place of money, which latter was very scarce. The company continued its organization for four years and then dissolved. The property finally passed to the state, and was leased at a stipulated rent to various parties

Borings for salt water along the Muskingum river, and the Licking, Moxahala, and Salt creeks, have uniformly been successful, though, in instances, not profitable to evaporate. About sixty salt-wells have been sunk, but few of them are operated, The water is evaporated by using coal, and while some wells have yielded 7,000 barrels annually, others have not produced half the amount.

Men employed in laying the foundation to Power House No. 2, discovered on December 4, 1891, the old salt well which will be remembered by many of the older inhabitants of Zanesville. The ground on which the power house stands has all been filled in, the supposition being that at one time the bed of the river extended over to the hill. When the surface was several feet lower than it is now, a well was sunk and salt water discovered. No use was ever made of the briny water, but the well was kept open for a number of years and that section was designated as "by the old salt well." In after years, with the construction of the Central Ohio railroad, a large fill was made here and the old well was covered up, and had been entirely forgotten until its discovery on the date mentioned. The well had been true to its mission, though covered from sight, and continued to yield the same salty water.

When the large basin was constructed at the power house into which the take-in pipe empties its flow it was discovered that salty water in some way found its way into it. A thick wall was constructed, but the difficulty was not remedied until a brick wall was laid next to it and the whole cemented. In early days the manufacture of salt was one of the principal industries along the Muskingum river. Most of the mills have been allowed to decay, and the industry has almost been forgotten. At Big Bloom, however, a few miles above Malta, one of the mills is still in operation, and the loutput is second in quality to none in the world. Even this is about to be abandoned, and with its retirement the last evidence of the once important industry will disappear. It is peculiar that this salt water is found so near the banks of the river. The well at the power house is only a few feet from the present bank of the river which is now much further from the hill than it was prior to the construction of the railroad. Below the city, wells situated almost on the river bank give forth salt water, while near by are springs of fresh water.

In Madison township, on the old King farm, is a salt spring where hunters used to lie in wait for deer, and within a very few feet is another spring of pure fresh water. At the power house is a salt well, at the market house is a fresh well, and on the bank between the river and canal at the foot of Third street is another salt well. The relative positions in which salt and fresh water are found in the Muskingum valley is certainly peculiar. Another fact is that the wells in the northern portion of the county are much weaker than the ones in the southern portion, and are not so rich in the mineral. Just a short distance below the mouth of Wills creek, in Madison township, is a well which was sunk by a syndicate and in turn came near sinking the syndicate, as the water was not rich enough to justify the manufacture of salt from it. The well at the power house is much richer, but the maximum is reached in the wells in the southern portion of the county. At Big Bloom, where the only mill in the Muskingum valley is now in operation, the water is very plentiful and yields a large quantity of salt. In the improvements now in progress on the Muskingum river by the government, it was deemed necessary to raise the dam four feet just below this factory. Salt has become so cheap that it is probable it will not be deemed profitable to go to the expense of constructing another factory. If this should prove the case, it will not be many years until the people will learn with astonishment that salt was at one time produced in this county.

No class of men deserve a record upon the page of history more than do the pioneers of religious teaching. The following is a partial record of a few of that noble, self-sacrificing band: John Goshen came to Springfield in church, and united with divine worship on the Sabbath skillful workmanship in building mills and bridges on other days. Rev. Meeks traveled an extended circuit named the Hockhocking; it embraced Newark, Lancaster, and a large portion of the Muskingum valley. In 1806, Rev. Robert Manly, heretofore mentioned, was a preacher in the county. Rev. Jesse Stoneman, a Methodist itinerant, traveled the valley as early as 1802, and was more or less known to the early settlers of Muskingum.

Wills Creek circuit was organized in 1808, and Rev. James Watts was preacher in charge. Rev. Joseph Thrap settled in the valley of the Licking, ten miles from Zanesville, some time in 1810, and was known as an indefatigable worker. James Quinn labored in and about Zanesville more than half a century ago, and knew the hardships of the road and the troubles of the appointments. Rev. David Young entered the Methodist ministry in 1804, and was an extensive traveler for years; Zanesville was his home, and here he died in a ripe old age. Rev. Cornelius Springer became a minister in 1816, and may well be classed as a pioneer minister, since Muskingum has known him as her citizen for sixty-eight years.

Rev. Samuel Kaemmerer, of the Lutheran church, has been in charge of a church from very early down to comparatively modern times. William and George C. Sedgwick settled in Muskingum from Virginia about 1824. The former was settled over a country congregation of the Baptist denomination, the latter was a Baptist minister of Zanesville and the publisher of a small newspaper conducted in Baptist interests. Rev. Dr. Joseph Doddridge preached on occasions to the Episcopalians of the city Zanesville in or before the year 1818. He was the first Protestant Episcopal minister not only of Muskingum, but of Central Ohio. He was known as the author of a history of Virginia and Western Pennsylvania in connection with Indian wars. Bishops Chase and Mcllvaine preached at times in Zanesville from 1827 to 1833 respectively, and about the former date N. G. Baldwin was settled as a regular pastor. Two local Methodist preachers of 1825 were Revs. Cox and Leslie. Rev. Nicholas Snethen preached in Zanesville in 1835. He became chaplain of congress, and was known as a reputable writer. Revs. J. W. Ragan and Joseph Trimble occupied pulpits in Zanesville in 1832 and 1833. They were regarded as captivating orators and talented thinkers. Rev. John A. Waterman was a pioneer preacher of 1817; preached ten years in Zanesville, and died in August, 1837. Rev.

James Culbertson preached in the Presbyterian Church of Zanesville in 1825, and had for his audience the most respectable and influential of her citizens.

The Catholic church was early established in Muskingum. Among its prominent supporters were the Dugans, Taylors, Taggarts, and Hugheses. The first foothold in Ohio was in a few towns, of which Zanesville was one. Since that time Catholicism has steadily advanced, till it has a larger money investment in church edifices than any other denomination, and the number of its adherents is also equal to any. Of the earlier Catholic priests, the names of Fathers Young, Wilson, and Montgomery are familiar to old residents. Leonidas S. Hamlin, of New England parentage, came to Zanesville in 1825, and studied law, but never practiced. He entered the ranks of Methodism, preached powerful sermons at campmcetings, and occupied the pulpits of large cities. Was elected a Bishop in 1844, beating Rev. Henry Bascom on the slavery issue, and united editorial duties with those of the pulpit.

In the fall of 1803 the Hockhocking circuit was established by the Methodists, and Asa Shinn appointed the preacher. The circuit embraced all or a part of Fairfield, Licking, Delaware, Knox, Coshocton, and Muskingum. Shinn was expected to accomplish his circuit in four weeks, and to preach more sermons than it took him days to make the trip. Regular services were held at the house of Mr. Walmsley, near the mouth of Wakatomaka. Rev. Shinn wrote "The Plan of Salvation" and "The Rectitude and Benevolence of the Supreme Being." His death occurred January 11, 1853.

In the year 1810, Rev. James B. Findley was appointed on the Knox circuit, and held his first appointment at Dick's tavern, where many were swearing and drinking. A class was formed from the employes of Dillon's furnace, consisting of John and Jacob Hooper, J. Dentenhiffer, a convert, Mr. Cooper and wife, and Samuel Gassaway, a colored man.

procession was formed and marched to the court-house. Ceremonies opened by a prayer from Rev. Mr. Fuller. The Declaration was read by William Reynolds, Esq., and proceedings closed with an oration by Maj. David Chambers. Dinner was enjoyed at William Marshall's. Gen. Isaac Van Horne acted as president, and Gen. Samuel Her- rick and Samuel Sullivan, Esq., as vice-presidents. Toasts were then drank with cheers and discharges from a six-pounder. No less than thirty toasts were offered, of which the following is a synopsis of the leading points illustrative of the times: 1st, The Fourth of July, 1776: the day on which the Whigs of America burst asunder the chains of British despotism; 2d, James Madison, President: the inflexible advocate of his country's rights, capable in peace and war to maintain themed, Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President: the veteran patriot, unsullied amidst the storms of faction and the turpitude of treason; 5th, The War: Britain provoked and America declared it, - real Americans should support it to an issue; 6th, The Memory of General George Washington, the founder of the American republic, 7th, Thomas Jefferson, the Author of the Declaration of Independence: a patriot, enlightened statesman, anda philosopher; 9th, The Officers andSoldiers of the Army and Navy: freemen fighting for civil and religious liberty; 12th, British Federalists in America: more dangerous than all foreign enemies; 15th, Our Impressed Seafaring Citizens: for twenty years enslaved on British warships, chained in poisonous holds, flayed at the gangway, protections torn to shreds, their crime the claim of rights as Americans; 1 6th, Hon. James Caldwell, our Representative in Congress. Volunteer toasts were offered by Dr. H. Moore, Gen. Van Horne, Samuel Sullivan, Esq., Maj. D. Chambers, William Craig, Esq., Joseph M. Wood, and the last by Gen. Samuel Herrick, which was, "The Union of the States: banishment or solitary confinement to all those Americans who dare to raise their traitorous hands against it." Harmony and conviviality prevailed throughout, and the company dispersed well satisfied.

In the fall of 1816, Jacob Lewis shot and killed Samuel Jones, at the mouth of Symmes' creek, north of Zanesville. A jury met December 5th, that year, and indicted him for murder in the first degree. Samuel Herrick was prosecuting attorney; Calvin Pease and Joseph N. Couch were supreme judges; John C. Stockton and Herrick were for the state and Wyllis Silliman, Alexander Harper and S. W. Culbertson were counsel for the accused. After being out two days and nights, the jury returned a verdict of murder in the first degree. The jurors were Samuel Sullivan (foreman), D. Wilson, James Culbertson, William Craig, Gilbert Blue, Nathan G. Finley, Lewis Verdan, George Reeves, Michael Peters, John McClcary, Thomas Moorhead anti William Blocksom. A solemn and lengthy charge to the prisoner concluded with the sentence that on December 31, "between the hours of ten in the forenoon and two in the afternoon, you be hanged by the neck until you are dead." One respite after another came from Gov. Worthington, who was opposed to capital punishment, and the sentence was finally commuted to imprisonment for life at Columbus. Zanesville was the scene of great excitement on the morning set for the execution, and people came from a distance of 50 to 60 miles to witness it. All day long hundreds thronged round the scaffold, which had been erected in the yard at the rear of the courthouse, but their morbid curiosity was ungratified. This is said to have been Muskingum's'first murder trial.

The following, from the hand of Dr. R. E. Chambers, of Chandlersville, is reminiscent of an early excitement in this county: "In the year 1819 a physician of Putnam, now Zanesville, Ohio, on his return from Marietta, stopped at the village of Chandlersville for the night with Samuel Chandler, the tavern keeper. During the evening, the doctor, who was much interested in geology, asked the landlord, an intelligent man, and the owner of the salt well which had been operating for some two years, what appeared to be the character of the formation through which they had passed in boring for salt. The answer was that his knowledge was limited, but he well remembered that at the depth of about 125 feet they encountered a very hard rock, and were only ableto cut from a half to an inch per day; that he remembered their finding particles in their sand pumping, that whilst they could not melt they found them malleable.

"The doctor was desirous of finding some of the sand pumpings, and proposed that the next morning they go to the well, and see if they could find even at that late period any of the exhumed formation of the depth below. Their search was rewarded. The doctor whose name was Conant, took with him to his home in Putnam, the sand pumpings found at the salt well, and with a crucible aided by a blowpipe, succeeded in melting the particles of the siftings, and from the molten particles he succeeded in making a button. He called to his aid another physician, and the siftings of the well passed through the crucible a second time.

" Fully satisfied of a silver find, these gentlemen, with others, were not slow in visiting Columbus, the legislature being then in session, and asking for an act of incorporation for a silver mining company, which was speedily granted. The value of shares was fixed at fifty dollars and such was the confidence in the ex-

"Our present experience enables us to extract the precious metal from the bowels of the earth by the most improved machinery, but the pioneer had handed down to him the methods of the ancient Egyptians and did know how to apply the horse and the ox, with the aid of the tread wheel, and they were utilized.

" The important question that met the silver miner was to locate the silver bearing rock, (if in a rock), and to remove all doubts, it was proposed to use a scraper in the salt well. Though it was desired by the silver mining company to sink the shaft around the well hole, Mr. Chandler refused, as it would destroy his well. They agreed to sink the shaft forty feet from the well. The scraper was arranged so that the pressure down would close the springs and withdrawing would suffer the springs to scrape the side walls ; in this way they would find at some point along the well the silver deposit, and it was thought that the rock that Mr. Chandler had described as so hard to drill through was the point at which the silver would be found. The shaft sinking was commenced. The work went on from day to day, and as the point of the expected find was nearing, the energy and watchfulness increased. For it was expected at the depth of 125 feet they would find the precious metal that was to prove a godsend to the hardy pioneer. But 125 feet did not reward his labors by a silver find, but he labored on in hope. Reaching the depth of 140 feet, and not finding silver, it was proposed to run a horizontal shaft in the direction of the salt well. This was objected to by Mr. Chandler, the owner of the well, and he warned them that if they destroyed his well he would bring suit for damages. Forty feet of a horizontal shaft broke into the salt well when the water came in in great profusion from the opening from above. This was overcome by the use of a canvas sack filled with flaxseed and forced into the opening above. It was then proposed to sink a well around the salt hole, which was done, and in so doing they passed through a seven-foot vein of coal, said by Mr. Hildreth of Marietta to be of good qualities. But it was not coal they were after, and fearing that the object of their search would not be found in that direction, they then tried the experiment of driving a well up the salt hole, when they by blasting dislodged the seed bag and the accumulated water rushed in at such a rate that the miners were reminded of the days of Noah, but were without his ark.

"The men were all safely drawn out, but in a few hours the shaft was filled with water to the depth of forty feet, and all tools, with a pump costing some $400, remain in the well to the present time. Suit was brought against the silver mining company by Mr. Chandler, and he recovered damages to the amount of $1,- 000, and hence he was charged with having silvered the mine.

" While the imperfect exploration did not establish the non-existence of silver, it did find the seven-foot vein of coal. The shaft was abandoned and the work given up, and from that time to the present the drill auger has not been used at this place, but soon, it is expected, that the diamond drill will be used to re-establish the fact of the seven-foot vein cf coal, as a party of gentlemen have been entering into agreement with the citizens of this place and vicinity for that purpose, and propose to buy the coal if its existence is re-affirmed by the drill. So if we do not find silver in its purity, we hope to do so indirectly by the exhuming of coal."