Muskingum County, Ohio - Chapter 45, 1892 (part 6 of 31)

September 7th. On the the 10th it crossed the Cumberland river, and joined Buell's army, then in pursuit of Bragg, who was marching on Louisville. The enemy was beaten in this race, and the Union forces arrived at Louisville September 26th. The First participated in all the movements of its brigade, and was on the field December 31, for the battle of Stone river. After this battle the First marched through Murfreesboro, and went into camp on the Shelbyville pike. While lying there, the army was reorganized, and the First was placed in the Second division of the Twentieth army corps.

In June, 1863, the movement against Tullahoma begun, which brought on the engagement at Liberty Gap, in which the First participated, principally held in reserve and subjected to a heavy artillery fire. After this engagement the march was resumed, which severely tested the endurance of the men, and about the middle of the night of July 1st Tullahoma was reached. The Chickamauga campaign was initiated on the 30th of August, and after much marching and counter-marching the First was placed in line for that great battle, in which it was engaged, with severe losses, to its close. On November 22 the Union forces withdrew and marched into Chattanooga, and the First was placed on the left of the Chattanooga road, with its right on the bridge crossing Chattanooga creek. Here it lay for nearly two hours under fire of the enemy, unable to make any return. This position was occupied until the night of the 25th, when it fell back to the second line of works, and was allowed, for the first time in eight days, to lay aside its accoutrements and take a rest.

In October, the Twentieth and Fourth army corps were consolidated, and the First was placed in Gen. Hazen's brigade, in the Third division of that corps. On the 23d of November it was engaged in the fight at Orchard Knob, which initiated the battle of Mission Ridge, in which the First took a prominent part. In November the First was among the regiments that were sent to the relief of Gen. Burnside, at Knoxville. On this march, and in the East Tennessee campaign, the troops suf fered terribly from cold, lack of clothing and food. They met and had a fight with the rebels at Strawberry Plains.

On the 4th of May, 1864, the First joined Sherman for the Atlanta campaign. It participated in the battles of Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Adairsville, Burnt Hickory, Kenesaw Mount and Chattahoochee River. This ended its active fighting.

were mustered out September 24, 1864, upon the expiration of their term of service, and the veterans and recruits were transferred to the Eighteenth Veteran Ohio Infantry, October 31, 1864. It was in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had 527 officers and men killed and wounded. It marched about 2,500 miles and was transported about 1,000 miles. It was initiated at Pittsburg landing and closed its war record in front of Atlanta.

Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - The second was organized at Camp Dennison, during the months of August and September, 1861. Asa regiment it had been in the three months' service and had participated in the first campaign around Washington. With a full complement of officers, and over nine hundred strong, under command of Col. Leonard A. Harris, it left camp in September, by order of Gen. O. M. Mitch'ell, then in command of Cincinnati, crossed the Ohio river, and marched by way of Paris to Olympia Springs, in Eastern Kentucky. They were the first Union troops to enter that part of the state; it was engaged principally in scout duty, and in intercepting rebel troops on their way South. The first engagement of the Second was at West Liberty, October 22, where they had a sharp and successful fight with rebel troops under Jack May. It subsequently joined the command of Gen. Nelson and was in the movement toward Prestonburg. It also assisted in the repulse of the rebels at Ivy Mountain, pursuing them to Piketown, where an engagement was had. From there they marched down the Big Sandy to Louisa, where they embarked for Louisville. Arriving there, the Second was brigaded with other troops under the command of Colonel Joshua W. Sill, and assigned to the division of Gen. Mitchell. It went into winter quarters at Bacon Creek, and was chiefly engaged in drilling and perfecting its dicipline. In February, 1862, the division moved in advance of the Army of the Ohio, under command of Gen. Buell, on Bowling Green, Gallatin and Nashville, occupying the latter place. In March, when the main body of Gen. Buell's army moved out to join Gen. Grant at Pittsburg Landing, the Second, with Gen. Mitchell's division, moved on Murfreesboro, Shelbyville, Fayetteville and Huntsville, having several slight engagements on the way, the principal one being at Bridgeport, where the Second destroyed the rail-road bridge across the Tennessee. When Gen. Bragg invaded Kentucky, the Union forces fell back to Louisville, and the Second Ohio, which was then at Battle Creek, Tenn., was ordered out and moved across the mountains, through Murfreesboro, Nashville, Bowling Green, Green River, to Louisville, under the command of Lieut. -Col. Kell, Col. Harris having command of the brigade. When the army was reorganized at Louisville, the Second was assigned to Rosseau's division in Gen. McCook's left wing, and participated in the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862, in which action its loss was nearly 40 per cent.

The Second joined the army in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Crab Orchard. At this point, Gen. Buell turned his column again toward Nashville, which was reached October 26th. During this march, however, Gen. Buell was superseded by Gen. Rosecrans, which gave a brighter aspect to the military situation.

Gen. Rosecrans entered with energy upon his duties, the army was reorganized, the name of the department changed and the army rebaptized as the "Army of the Cumberland." Gen. Rosecrans established his temporary headquarters at Bowling Green. The rebel army was making its way over the mountains to Murfreesboro, where another force under Gen. Breckinridge was stationed. Nashville was invested with a strong force of cavalry. That city was held by a splendid division of troops, commanded by Gen. Negley, and was regarded as safe.

The rebels could not concentrate for its assault before Gen. Rosecrans could move his troops for its relief. He therefore contented himself with keeping his communications open and perfecting his command and arranging his line of supplies. When everything was ready the Army of the Cumberland moved on to Nashville thoroughly organized and ready to meet the rebel hosts.

The division to which the Second was attached, had been assigned to the Fourteenth army corps, under Gen. George H. Thomas. It remained in this corps and participated in all of its marches and battles up to Atlanta.

The Second was hotly engaged in the battle of Stone River, suffering heavily in killed and wounded. Among the killed was Colonel Kell, who fell at the head of his regiment. From Murfreesboro, in the spring of 1863, a forward movement was made by the Army of the Cumberland. The month of June found "Old Rosy," as he was affectionately called by the soldiers, on the war-path toward Tulla- ,,homa and Shelbyville, after Gen. Bragg, who had strongly fortified his lines. The Union forces met with but little resistance in their advance. The next engagement was at

Chickamauga, September 19th and 20th. In this battle the Second lost heavily in men and officers - Lieut-Col. Maxwell, then in command being among the list. Its aggregate loss was 183 officers and men, killed, wounded, and missing. After the battle, the forces fell back to Chattanooga. On November 24, the brigade to which the Second was attached, was ordered to the assistance of Gen. Hooker at Lookout Mountain, and participated in that battle above the clouds, November 24th. In the battle of Mission Ridge, which occurred on the following day, the Second distinguished itself in the capture of the colors - of the Thirty-eighth Alabama. The Second was in the pursuit, with its brigade, of the enemy to Ringgold, Ga., where a halt was made. In February, 1864, in the reconnoissance to Buzzards' Roost, the Second took the advance. and developed the strength of the enemy at Dalton. In May it was attached to Sherman's army for the Atlanta campaign. On May 14, the Second led in the assault to carry the enemy's entrenched position at Resaca. It lost in this action thirteen officers and men killed, and twenty-seven wounded. From this action it marched with its division to Chattahoochee river, and participated in the battle of Peach Tree Creek, July 21, 1864. Inthis battle Adj. John VV. Thomas was killed, which was the last sacrifice the regiment made for the cause of the Union. It remained in front of Atlanta until August 1, when orders were received to march to Chattanooga, preparatory to final discharge. On their way they had several lively movements after the rebel Gen. Wheeler. From Chattanooga it was sent to Columbus, O., where it was honorably mustered out of the United States service, October 10, 1864. The veterans and recruits were transferred to the Eighteenth veteran infantry, October 31, 1864. The Second had in men and officers killed, 111; wounded, 425.

Third Ohio Vohinteer Infantry. - This regiment, like the First and Second, served under two separate terms of enlistment - the first for three months and second for three years. Its organization was completed at Camp Jackson, April 21, 1861, and on the 27th it was mustered into the United States service. Company E was mainly made up from Muskingum county. An election was held for field officers, which resulted in the choice of Isaac Morrow for colonel; John Beatty for lieutenant-colonel, and Warren Kieffcr for major. A part of the regiment was sent to Camp Dennison to break ground and prepare a camping place. 'They were followed soon after by the balance ol the regiment, with tools, lumber, etc., with which to construct suitable quarters. While at that camp they were thoroughly drilled and disciplined. The latter part of May the regiment was supplied with an assortment of odd arms, a lot of blouses and gray pants. The three months' enlistment was more than half out before orders were received for the regiment to take the field, and volunteers for three years' service were called for. The Third re-enlisted with great enthusiasm, and on June 12 the regiment reorganized by re-electing their officers. In January, 1862, the regiment having been susplied with arms and uniforms, was ordered to Grafton, Va., then the seat of war. The moving of soldiers over railway lines was something new then to the people, and crowds were assembled at every station to give them greeting and bid them God speed. It was the first three-year regiment to leave the state. After crossing the Ohio it stopped at Benwood and was supplied with ammunition. It arrived at Grafton June 23, and reported to Gen. McClellan. Remaining there two days, it moved on by rail to Clarksburg, where camp equipment was supplied and preparations made for the campaign. It was brigaded with the Fourth and Ninth Ohio and Loomis' Michigan Battery, with Brig.-Gen. Schleich in command. The first service of the Third was July 5th, when it was sent out on a reconnoitering expedition from Buchanan, W. Va. In this expedition they came upon a body of rebel troops at Middle Fork creek, and an unsuccessful fight was made to dislodge them. In this action the Third had five wounded and had its first man killed.

Its next movement was in pursuit of the flying enemy from the field at Rich Mountain, July 11, 1861. After pursuing the enemy as far as Cheat Mountain summit, the chase was abandoned and they returned. The Third returned to the fort at Cheat Mountain, and was engaged for a time in erecting telegraph lines from Huttonsville to the fort on Cheap Mountain summit. Subsequently it moved to Elkwater creek, and, in connection with Loomis' Battery and the Fifteenth Indiana, began the erection of fortifications extending across the valley. On the nth of September Gen. Robert E. Lee made an attack on the Union forces at Elkwater, driving in their pickets as they advanced. The Third, with the Fifteenth and Seventh Indiana and a part of Loomis' Battery, were in position at Elkwater Junction to resist this attack, which they did in a successful manner. The Third took part in all of the movements in this section until the retirement of the rebel army to Mingo Flats. Subsequently it was ordered to Cincinnati, where it arrived November 28, 1861, and after having received the hospitalities of the city, re-embarked for Louisville, Ky. Arriving there, it at once went into camp at Camp Jenkins. The Army of the Ohio was then organized and the Third assigned to the Third division, with Gen. O. M. Mitchell commanding. From there it moved to Camp Jefferson and went into winter quarters. February 22, 1862, it moved out for Bowling Green, and arrived there just as the rebels were making their exit. It moved on to the banks of the Tennessee, opposite Nashville. From Nashville it moved southward with the Third division, and took a prominent part in that brilliant campaign which included the capture of Murfreesboro, the occupation of Shelbyville and Fayettville. It performed gallant service at Bridgeport, Ala., where, led by the brave and dashing soldier, Gen. Mitchell, it charged and drove the rebels across the bridge. This action took place April 29, 1862. From this on to fall but little of importance occurred to the regiment. Its base of operations continued at Huntsville until August 23, when it moved out to Dechered station, and after a month's maneuvering and marching, it entered Louisville, September 25. It took an active part at the battle of Perryville, October 8, and distinguished itself for its fighting qualities, suffering heavily. At the close of the action Gen. Rousseau thanked the regiment, in behalf of the Union army, for its gallant conduct. Its loss, killed and wounded, was 215 men and officers. The Third joined in the pursuit of Bragg for a time and then turned, and finally made a halt at New Market. On the 30th of November it went into camp at Nashville, much elated over the possession of a new commander in the person of Gen. Rosecrans. Rosecrans reorganized his army, placing the Third in the reserve division, with Rousseau commanding. The battle of Stone River was fought December 31st, the Third taking an active part, commanded by its lieutenant-colonel, Lawson, while the brigade was commanded by its colonel.

In this battle the Third maintained its reputation as a fighting regiment. For three months after this engagement the Third lay in camp at Murfreesboro. In April, 1863, it was detached from the army proper, and with the Eighteenth Illinois, the Fifty-first and Seventythird Indiana, and two companies of the Ala- 4 bama Cavalry, was sent on a raid into Georgia for the purpose of destroying the iron works and the arsenals at Rome. They had several sharp encounters with the enemy, the principal one of which was at Sand Mountain, Ala., where they were attacked by a heavy cavalry force under Gen. Roddy, sustained by a battery. A desperate fight followed, in which the enemy were defeated, the Third alone capturing a battery of twelve pounders.

Subsequently 250 of the best mounted troops were picked out and sent forward with orders to enter Rome - if possible and destroy the Confederate works. This was accomplished. The remainder of the command marched on for the same place, but had much to disconcert them on their way. They reached Cedar Bluff, some twenty miles from Rome, May 3, men and horses worn out, ammunition destroyed, and the enemy - General Forrest with his cavalry - closely upon their heels.

General Forrest demanded a surrender, which was finally made, and the Third Ohio were led captives to Rome. From Rome they were taken to Atlanta, thence to Knoxville, and Richmond, where they were quartered on Belle Island. There on May 15, the men were paroled and the regimental officers taken to Libby. The men were sent to City Point, then to Annapolis, and from there to Camp Chase, where they waited an exchange. August 1, 1864, they received orders to report to Gen. Granger at Nashville, where they were armed and equipped once more for the field, and placed in their old brigade, commanded by Gen. Beatty, who was on duty at Stephenson, Ala. They arrived at Stephenson too late to meet their command, which had crossed the Tennessee, and they were for the time attached to the Reserve corps. Later they were ordered to Battle Creek, where they had an encounter with Wheeler's cavalry near Anderson's gap. The Third's next station was at Looney creek, where it was engaged in repairing roads and assisting in the passage of trains to Chattanooga. November 18, 1863, it was ordered to Kelly's Ford. It was still without its officers. It remained at the Ford until after the battle of Mission Ridge, when it was ordered to Chattanooga. It performed garrison duty there until June 9, 1864, when it was ordered to report to Camp Dennison for muster out. As the officers were still in prison no effort was made to veteranize the regiment. June 23, their three years' term having expired, they were mustered out of the United States service; many of the men subsequently enlisted in other regiments for the term of the war.

Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was among the first to respond to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 men. It organized for the three months' service at Camp Jackson, May 4, 1861. The men from Muskingum county enlisted chiefly in Companies A and B. About the 10th of May it moved to Camp Goddard, where it was engaged in preparing for the field. Late in May it received marching orders, and crossed over into West Virginia, where it was engagad in guarding the Baltimore & Ohio railroad as far as Grafton. It took part in the action with the enemy at Philippi, June 13, and subsequently at Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford. It performed a good deal of marching and guard duty, and August 1, its term of enlistment having expired, it was discharged at Columbus, having lost but two men.

The second call of the President for troops having been made, the Fifteenth, almost to a man, reinlisted. It was reorganized at Camp Bartley, Ohio, with Moses R. Dickey as colonel. From there on the 26th of September, it moved to Camp Dennison, where it received arms, clothing and garrison equipage. Companies A and B received the Enfield rifle and the balance of the regiment received the old Springfield, remodeled. On October 4, the regiment broke camp for Lexington, thence to Louisville and Camp Nevins, where it was assigned to the Sixth brigade, commanded by Gen. R. W. Johnson, Second division, under Gen. A. McD. McCook, and in the Army of Ohio, commanded by Gen. Sherman. December 9, 1861, they were ordered to Bacon Creek, and the day after, the command occupied Mumfordsville. After some marching, and a stop at Bowling Green, the division moved into Nashville and made camp near the city, On March 16, 1862, the command started on its march for Savannah, arriving there April 6, and the day following the Fifteenth embarked for the field of Shiloh, went into action at noon and fought until 4 P. M., when the enemy were repulsed. The regiment lost six men and had sixty-two wounded. In the operations against Corinth the Second division was held in the reserve, and was not called to the front until the latter part of May. On June 10, the Second division started on its march for Battle Creek, arriving there July 18. The Fifteenth was engaged there in erecting a fort and in camp duty until August 20, when the command moved to Altamonte, on the Cumberland mountains, to meet Gen. Bragg, who was marching in that direction with his forces. From there they moved via Murfreesboro to Nashville, where a halt was made, and then they continued on to Bowling Green, thence to Louisville, where they arrived

September 26, 1862. On the 1st of October, the Ffteenth, with the Second division, started for the enemy on the Shelbyville pike. Reaching that place the second day, the command halted a few days and then started for Lawrenceburg, where they had a slight action with the enemy. Moving on to Pcrryville, they were joined by the main army, and started in pursuit of Bragg, following him as far as Crab Orchard, and then going into camp. Breaking camp after a few days' halt, they proceeded to Nashville, where they arrived November 7, 1862. While there the army was reorganized, and on December 26, moved on the enemy at Murfreesboro. The Fifteenth participated in the battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, and January 1 and 2, 1863, having eighteen killed and eighty-nine wounded. After the occupation of Murfreesboro by Rosecrans' army, the Fifteenth was engaged in foraging, fortifying and in picket duty until June 24, when it moved with the command on Tullahoma and Shelbyville, which were occupied by our forces after the defeat of the enemy at Liberty Gap, June 25, in which fight the Fifteenth took a prominent part. The Second division was then stationed at Tullahoma until August 16, when it was ordered to Bellefonte, thence to Stephenson, Ala. On September 2, the march was continued toward Rome, Ga., crossing Lookout mountain and going into camp at the eastern foot near Alpine, September 10. It recrossed Lookout mountain and moved on, joining the main army in Lookout valley on the nth. On the 19th the command moved to the field of Chickamauga, some thirteen miles distant, and it, with the Fifteenth, took an active part in that memorable battle. The regiment had killed one officer and nine men, two officers and sixty-nine men wounded and forty men missing. The Fifteenth participated in the seige of Chattanooga and in the brilliant assault at Mission Ridge, November 25. After this engagement the Fifteenth was placed in the First brigade, Third division, Fourth army corps, which moved to the relief of Knoxville, Tenn., arriving there December 8. On the 20th it moved to Strawberry Plains.

January 14, 1864, the major portion of the Fifteenth reinlisted and received a furlough. It arrived in Columbus February 10, with 350 veterans. It assembledat Camp Chase March 14, and with the new recruits numbered 900 strong. It reported at Nashville, and was ordered to Chattanooga, where it arrived on the 5th of April. From there it was moved to McDonald station, where it awaited orders for the spring campaign. May 3, the regiment broke camp and proceeded to Tunnel Hill, and joined Sherman's army. It was engaged about there in skirmishing with the enemy until May 13, when Rocky F'ace Ridge was evacuated, and, with the command, it moved into Dalton.

The Fifteenth was an active factor in all battles of the Atlanta campaign - Resaca, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain (general assault), Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta. In all these engagements it won new laurels. When Gen. Hood began his raid on our communications, the Fifteenth marched in pursuit. It moved to Rome by way of Marietta to the relief of the troops at Resaca, and from there through Snake Creek gap to Chattanooga, Pulaski, and Columbia, where it had a slight action with the rebels. From there it moved toward Franklin, passing in sight of the camp fires of the enemy. At Franklin it was assigned the position of coverering the withdrawal of the forces and the retreat to Nashville. At Nashville it was assigned to the extreme left of the army and did noble service in that battle. It made a charge on the rebels and captured a battery and some thirty prisoners. December 16, the regiment participated in the assault upon the enemy's entrenchments on the Nashville pike, and assisted in the capture of over a hundred prisoners. The loss of the regiment in the two days' fight was remarkably light. The rebels were hotly pursued as far as Lexington, Ala., when the command moved toward Huntsville and went in camp at Bird Springs about the first of January, 1865. March 15, orders were received to move into blast Tennessee. It went by rail to New Market, and then took up their line of march to Greensville for the purpose of preventing the escape of Lee and Johnston, who were being closely pressed by Grant and Sherman. From Greenville, April 22, the regiment was ordered back to Nashville. It remained there until June 16, when it was ordered to Texas by way of New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico, making camp for a time on the old Jackson battle ground below the city. The regiment disembarked at Indianola, July 9, 1865, and proceeded to Green Lake, where they made camp. August 10, it started on its march for San Antonio. It reached the banks of the beautiful Salado in August and remained there till October, when it moved into the city for post duty. November 21 it was mustered out, and ordered to report at Columbus, Ohio, for final discharge. It arrived at Columbus December 25, and was discharged from the United States service

December 27, 1865. It was in the war four years and eight months, and retired from the service of its country as being one of the best regiments sent into the field.

Sixteenth Ohio Volunteers. - The Sixteenth was organized at Camp Tiffin, Ohio, October 2, 1861, under Colonel John F. De Courcey, and was mustered the same day into the United States service. It proceeded to Camp Dennison, where it remained until December 16, when it received its arms, and was ordered to Lexington, Ky. January 12, 1862, it received orders to report to General S. P. Carter, at Somerset, Ky., where it was engaged in repairing and building military roads. January 31, 1862, it was ordered to London, where it halted for a rest and then moved on to Cumberland Ford, arriving there February 12th. A reconnoisance was made March 12, resulting only in a light skirmish. This was repeated on the 22d.

The regiment was placed in the Twenty-sixth brigade, with the Forty-second Ohio and Twenty-second Kentucky, and assigned to the Seventh Division, Army of the Ohio, under command of Gen. George W. Morgan. April 28, a move was made to the top of Cumberland mountain near Cumberland gap. The troops arrived at the top early in the morning, with a heavy fog surrounding them. They encountered the rebels and a sharp fight followed, continuing until the afternoon. The month of May was consumed in preparing for an assault on Cumberland gap. About the middle of June it was discovered, on moving toward the gap, that the enemy had abandoned it and had retreated toward Knoxville, Tenn.

The Sixteenth entered the late stronghold of the enemy and hoisted the Union flag. It remained there until August 3, fortifying, drilling and foraging, with an occasional skirmish. On August 6, it was ordered out to relieve the Fourteenth Kentucky, at Tazewell, and a sharp fight followed. In this action, Companies B and K were cut off from the main force and most of them were taken prisoners. The enemy proved too strong for the Union troops, and they were forced to retreat to the main army. Toward night, the Union army retreated within their entrenchment at the gap, the enemy following a short distance.

h .Member 8, the Sixteenth, with its brigade, was ordered to Manchester, Ky., for supplies. On the 19th they were joined by the remainder of the Union troops at the gap, and moved toward the Ohio river. In this retreat they were constantly harassed by the Rebels as far as Grayson. They suffered greatly, having nothing to eat but corn, and but little water to drink. Their clothes were ragged and their shoes were worn out. Resting at Portland, Ohio, until October 21, when they moved to Charleston, Va. November 10, they marched to Point Pleasant, Va., and from there embarked for Memphis, where they arrived on the 27th. December 20, they joined Sherman's command and moved on transports to the rear of Vicksburg, and were engaged in the disastrous assault on Chickasaw Bayou, in which it suffered severely, losing 31 1 officers and men, killed, wounded and taken prisoners. The Sixteenth was next engaged in an expedition against Arkansas Post, which was captured. It moved then to Young's Point, La., where it remained until March 8, 1863, when it marched to Milliken's Bend.

On April 6, the Sixteenth was attached to Gen. Grant's expedition to the rear of Vicksburg. It was in action at Thompson's Hill; at Champion's Hill, Baker's Creek and Black River bridge. May 19, it took part in the disastrous assault on the enemy's works in the rear of Vicksburg, and again, May 22d. In all of these actions it lost severely.

It remained with the siege until the surrender, July 4, 1863. It also took part in the siege and capture of Jackson, Miss., when it returned to Vicksburg, and embarking on board of transports, it was sent to New Orleans, and subsequently attached to Gen. Banks' expedition to the Teche country. It returned to New Orleans and was attached to Gen. Washburne's expedition to Texas. It disembarked on Matagorda peninsula, thence by steamboat went to Indianola, and then to Fort Esperanza, where it remained until April, 1864, when it embarked for New Orleans, arriving there April 2 1 st. From New Orleans it was ordered up to the support of Gen. Banks, at Alexandria. It was sent to the front, and had several slight actions with the rebels. Returning to Alexandria it was detailed to assist in building a dam across Red River, in order to let the gun-boats out. About the middle of May, the command made a retreat to Morganzia, where the regiment went into camp and performed garrison duty until October 6, when it received orders to report to Columbus for final discharge. It reached Columbus October 14, and was discharged from the United States service October 31, 1864. The Sixteenth, during its service, traveled by rail 1,285 miles; by steamship 1,200 miles, and on foot 1,620 miles.

1 88 recovered from wounds; discharged on surgeons certificate of disability, 186. The total of the original organization and recruits, was 1,191, of which there was mustered out 477.

Nineteenth Ohio Volunteers. - There were not many enlistments in this regiment from Muskingum county, and those were divided up among several companies. The Nineteenth was among the first regiments that were formed after the firing on Fort Sumter - for the three months' service. It was organized at Camp Jackson by the election of its officers - Samuel Bentley, E. W. Hollingsworth, and Lewis P. Buckley, respectively colonel, lieutenant-colonel and major. June 23 it joined the brigade at Parkersburg, under Brig.-Gen. W. S. Rosecrans, and on June 25 joined the " Provisional Army of West Virginia," under Gen. McClellan. Its time of service expired July 23, and it returned to Columbus, Ohio. Most of the men re-enlisted, and by November 7 the regiment was reorganized and in Camp Dennison, fully armed and equipped for three years' service. On the 16th it left camp for Louisville, Ivy., and was assigned to the Eleventh brigade, under command of Gen. J. T. Boyle. It served in Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi in 1862 and 1863, participating in the battles of Cumberland Gap, Tazewell, Chickasaw Bayou, Fort Hindman, Fort Gibson, Champion's Hill, Big Black River, the siege of Vicksburg, Jackson and Orchard Knob. While at Strawberry Plains, January 1, 1864, four hundred of the regiment veteranized and returned to Ohio on a furlough. At the expiration of their furlough they returned to the field, reaching Knoxville March 24. It was subsequently attached to the Third brigade, Third division, Fourth army corps, and participated in the Atlanta campaign. It returned to Tennessee, joining the forces that were sent after Gen. Hood, and took part in the battle of Nashville. It then was ordered into Alabama, and then into East Tennessee. On June 16, 1865, it joined the troops that were sent into Texas. It was mustered out at San Antonio, October 21, and was sent to Columbus, O., where it was finally discharged and paid off, November 22, 1865, at Camp Chase.

Twenty-Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - The Twenty-Fourth was organized at Camp Chase the latter part of June, 1861. Company B reported from Zanesville. Jacob Amem was colonel; Samuel A. Gilbert, lieutenant-colonel; and Shelton Sturgess, major. It left camp for the field July 26, 1861, and arrived at Cheat Mountain summit, W. Va., August 14, joining the Fourteenth Indiana. The position was reinforced by the Twenty- Fifth Ohio. The enemy was concentrating there strong. At the break of a rainy day, on the 12th of September, the enemy made an attack, and after a fight of several hours were repulsed, leaving behind blankets, arms and men who were taken prisoners. The Twenty-fourth gave evidence in this action of that coolness and bravery which afterwards distinguished it. Its next engagement was at Greenbrier, W. Va., October 3d. In this action it stood firm in the midst of heavy shot, shell and canister.

November 18 the regiment was ordered to report at Louisville, Ky. Upon its arrival it was assigned to the Tenth brigade, Fourth division, Army of the Ohio. From there it marched to Nashville, where it arrived February 25, 1862, and remained till March 17, when the command moved out for Pittsburg Landing. There was some delay at Duck river on account of the destruction of the bridge and high water. Before a new bridge was built the Fourth division was hurried on. It forded the river and marched to Savannah, arriving April 5. The next morning, Sunday, the booming of artillery was heard at Pittsburg Landing. The troops were at once put in readiness for the field of battle. No transports came to take them, and at 1 P. M. the Tenth brigade moved out through the swamp for the conflict. After a hard march it reached the opposite bank of the river; was ferried across and took position in line on the extreme left. On the 7th the Twenty- fourth was engaged all day, and sustained its reputation for bravery and hard fighting. It took an active part in the skirmish between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth, and was one of the first regiments to enter that town. It joined in the pursuit of the enemy into North Mississippi and Alabama, and went into camp at McMinnville, Tenn. About the 1st of September it returned to Louisville to meet the invasion of Gen. Bragg. In October it was placed in the Fourth Division of the Twenty-first army corps.

The Twenty-fourth was at the battle of Perryville, but, being on the extreme left, it took no active part, but joined in the pursuit of the retreating foe. Its next engagement was at Stone River, December 31, 1862, and January 1 and 2, 1863, where its loss was very heavy, including its colonel and major. Its next engagement was at Woodberiy, Tenn., January 24th.

After a long rest in camp it was called out for the Tullahoma campaign, and was on duty at Manchester, Tenn., until it was called out for the advance on Chattanooga. It participated in the engagement at Chickamauga,

September 19th and 20th, and at Lookout Mountain, November 24th. Following these were the battles of Mission Ridge and Ringgold in which the Twenty-fourth took part. After the latter action, it was assigned to the Second division, Fourth army corps, and joined in the action near Dalton. In April, 1864, it was ordered to Chattanooga preparatory to being mustered out. June 15th it was ordered to Columbus, Ohio, and on the 27th it was mustered out and discharged from the United States service. Company D re-enlisted as veterans. The colors of the regiment pierced with many bullets, tattered and torn, was presented to the state in a few remarks by Colonel Cockerill, and in response the governor made a speech accepting them and thanking them for the service it had rendered to the nation.

Thirty-Second Ohio Volunteers. - The Thirtysecond was among the first regiments organized in the state for the three years' service. It rendezvoused at Camp Bently, and was transferred to Camp Dennison before its organization was completed. Company G was from Muskingum county. On the 15th of September, 1861, and in command of Col. Thomas H. Ford, it was ordered to report to Beverly, West Va., where it arrived September 22d. It was assigned to the post at Cheat Mountain summit, then in charge of Col. Nathan Kimball, of the Fourteenth Indiana. It had been hurried to the field with an imperfect organization and with the old smooth-bore muskets. October 3d it wasordered to advance through the pine woods of the mountains on the enemy at Greenbrier. It remained at that post through the fall, watching the movements of the rebel army, then commanded by Robt. E. Lee. Its next action was December 13, when it joined Gen. Milroy in his advance on Camp Alleghany, W. Va. In this action the Thirty-second distinguished itself for its gallant conduct. After this action it was ordered to Beverly, where it went into winter quarters. In April, it joined Cen. Milroy's expedition against Huntersville, Monterey and McDonald, and later on Buffalo gap. The enemy was met there in force, and the Union troops fell back to McDonald, where they were joined by Gen. Schenck's command, all numbering about seven thousand. On May 8 Gen. Stonewall Jackson moved against our forces and was met on the side of the Bull Pasture mountain, where a hot battle followed, lasting several hours. The Thirty-second suffered severely in killed and wounded. May 12 Cen. Fremont, with 12,000 men, formed a junction with Gens. Schenck and Milroy. Gen. Jackson retired from the Union front, and the forces lay there until.the latter part of May, when the Thirty-second, having been transferred to Gen. Schenck's brigade, was ordered with that brigade to report to Gen. Banks, who was operating in Shenandoah valley against Jackson. The Thirtysecond bore an active part in Gen. Fremont's pursuit of Gen. Jackson up the Shenandoah valley and was inaction in the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic, 8th and 9th of June. The regiment retired to Strasburg, and the latter part of June was transferred to Pratt's brigade and moved to Winchester, Va., July 5, 1862. On September 1 the regiment was ordered to Harper's Ferry, and took part in the defense of that post, September 12th and 15th. After a severe struggle, in which the regiment lost over 150 men, the Union forces were surrendered by the commanding officer to the enemy as prisoners of war.

The Thirty-second was paroled and sent to Annapolis, and from there to Chicago. Col. Ford, for his conduct in that unfortunate affair, was arrested and sent to Washington for trial, and was dismissed from the service by order of the war department. While in camp at Chicago the regiment became greatly demoralized, and many of them left camp and went home. Capt. B. F. Potts was sent to Gov. Tod of Ohio to get an order from the war department transferring the regiment to Camp Taylor, Ohio. This was done, and the thirty-five men left of the Thirty-second were transferred to that camp. The regiment was reconstructed, with B. F. Potts, colonel, and by the middle of December, 1862, 800 men had reported for duty. The officers, who had caused much of the disaffection were dismissed, the men received their pay in full, and January 12, 1863, were declared exchanged. On the 1 8th the regiment was ordered to report to Gen. U. S. Grant, at Memphis. Reaching there January 25th, it was assigned to Gen. Logan's division, Seventh army corps, commanded by Gen. Mc- Pherson. February 20th, the Thirty-second moved with the army to Lake Providence, La., and during the campaign against Vicksburg, took an active part. It was in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Champion's Hill and Jackson. At Champion's Hill it made a bayonet charge, capturing the First Mississippi battery entire. Upon the surrender of Vicksburg it was assigned to post duty under Gen. Logan. In August the Thirty-second joined Stephenson's expedition to Monroe, La., and later was with McPherson at Brownsville, Miss. In February, 1864, it was with Sherman at Meri- dian, and was in the fight at Baker's creek, February 5th, where it lost twenty-two men. During the tnonths of December and January over three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted, and March 4th it was furloughed, and the men went home. April 21st it rejoined the army at Cario, its ranks increased by recruits. April 27th it embarked on transports for Clifton. June 10th it joined Gen. Sherman at Ackworth, for the Atlanta campaign, and was closely identified with all the movements against Atlanta, and participated in nearly all of the battles leading up to the fall of that place. After the fall of Atlanta it moved with the army sent after Hood. It rejoined Sherman's army, and was with him in his "great march to the sea." Approaching Savannah, it was in advance, and took part December 10th in driving the enemy behind its works. December 2 1st the regiment entered Savannah with the army, and went into camp near Fort Thunderbolt. From there the regiment, with the Seventeenth army corps, took transports for Beaufort, S. C., thence to Pocotaligo station, on the Savannah & Charleston Railroad. February 1, 1865, it moved north through the Carolinas, and, with the Thirteenth Iowa, was the first to enter Columbia. A part of the regiment was engaged at Fayetteville, March 10th, with Wade Hampton's cavalry. Its next action was at Bentonville, March 19th and 21st. It moved on to Goldsboro, and with the army, then marched to Raleigh, where it witnessed the surrender of Gen. Johnston's army, May 1, 1865. It marched with the army to Richmond, and then on to Washington, and joined in the grand review. It left Washington June 8th, for Louisville, where, July 20th, it was mustered out, and sent on to Columbus, Ohio, and received its final discharge July 26, 1865.

The Thirty-second left for the field with 950 men, and during the war secured some 1,600 recruits. When it was mustered out it numbered 565.

Sixty-Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was organized at Camp Goddard, near Zanesville, in November, 1861, Companies A and F being made up from Muskingum county.

There was some delay in its taking the field, and it remained in camp during a part of the winter. January 17, 1862, orders were given for it to report to Gen. Rosecrans, then commanding in Western Virginia. The regiment was moved by rail to Bellaire, and then to Cumberland, Md., when it joined the forces under Brig.-Gen. Lander. About the 1st of February it was sent to Great Cacapon Creek, Va., where it went into camp. March 10 it was ordered to Martinsburg, and from thence to Winchester and Strasburg, returning again to Winchester. March 22d the regiment was placed on picket duty. Jackson was threatening our forces and the battle of Winchester was impending. The death of Gen. Lander placed the regiment under Gen. James Shields. Action had begun when the Sixty-Second arrived on the field and it was placed in support of a battery; near nightfall the regiment was ordered forward on double-quick, and witnessed the enemy defeated and flying from the field. After some manceuvering it returned to Edinburg, Va., where it went into camp. From there it moved to Newmarket. May 12 it moved out for a series of long marches. It crossed the mountains east of the Shenandoah abreast Swift's gap, and fording the eastern branch of the Shenandoah, stopped at Luray. The next day it made Cheat gap and Great cross roads, where it had a slight encounter with the rebels. It marched then through Warrenton to Catlett's station. Its next march was to Falmouth, where it was reviewed by President Lincoln. May 24 it was ordered to return to Western Virginia, passing through Catlett's station, Manassas Junction, Haymarket, Rectortown, F'ront Royal, Luray, and Columbia Bridge. By a forced march it met the enemy under Gen. Jackson, near Port Republic, and after a fierce fight of several hours, the Union forces were compelled to retreat to Luray, with heavy loss, arriving there June 10, 1862. It left Luray June 15, and after a great deal of marching arrived at Alexandria June 28th. June 30th it embarked on transports for Fortress Monroe; thence to Harrison's Landing, when it was placed on picket duty, continuing until August 15th. The Sixtysecond was in position on the extreme left of the army under Gen. McClellan. August 1 6th , it was with the army in the retreat to Yorktown and Fortress Monroe. From the latter place it was ordered to Suffolk, from which it made a reconnaissance to Blackwater. The fourth reconnaissance to that place, December 12, they met the enemy, and had a heavy skirmish. December 31 the regiment marched to Norfolk, and January 4, 1863, embarked on transports for Beaufort, N. C., and from there by railto Newbern. January 25 it took steamer for Port Royal, S. C., and disembarked February 8 on St. Helena Island, where it remained in camp some weeks, and then sailed for Coal island. April 3 it crossed to Folly island, and on the 7th to Morris island, where, after a hard fight, they drove the enemy within their entrenchments, with great loss. The Union forces

The regiment was next engaged in the siege of Charleston, from July 10 to October 31. It then returned to Folly Island and from there to Hilton Head. About the first of January, 1864, the regiment veteranized and was granted thirty days' furlough. It rendezvoused at Washington, and March 3, 1864, it again took the field, going to Petersburg. From this time on the Sixty-second was almost constantly in the contest that centered around the Rebel capitol.

May 21, the regiment was selected as one of the regiments to retake a position that had been lost by our army. This involved a desperate charge and great loss of life, but the detail was equal to the great task imposed; the enemy was driven back and their rifle pits taken. April 3, 1865, it was one of the foremost regiments in the assault on Fort Gregg. It closed its brilliant military career around Appomattox.

In September, 1865, the Sixty-second was consolidated with the Sixty-seventh, thereby losing its identity, as the name of the latter was sustained.

Seventy-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - The Seventy-Eighth was recruited under special order from Governor Dennison, issued toM. D. Leggett, of Zanesville. It rendezvoused at Camp Gilbert, Zanesville. October 30, 1861, Companies, A, B, C, D, and F, were made up from Muskingum county. Its organization was completed January 1 1, 1861, by the election of the following officers: Mortimer D. Leggett, colonel; Zachariah M. Chandler, lieutenant colonel; David F. Carnahan, major; James F. Reeves, surgeon; John E. Jewett, adjutant; John C. Douglas, quarter master; Oliphant M. Todd, chaplain; Andrew McDaniel, sergeantmajor. The regiment was ordered to the field February 11, 1862, moving by cars to Cincinnati, and from there by boat to Fort Donelson, where it arrived February 16, 1862. It was assigned a position on the battlefield, but too late to take any part in the fighting. After the battle the regiment was detailed to take charge of the prisoners and stores. About the first of March it was ordered across the country to the Tennessee, at Metal landing, where it went into camp awaiting transportation. March 10, it was ordered to join the Union army on the way to Crump's landing, thence to Adamsonville to protect the exposed flank of the army at

Pittsburg landing. The troops at Adamsonville had hardly finished their breakfast when the sounds of battle were heard in the direction of Shiloh. The command was at once drawn up in line of battle to await orders, which were received at midday. The Seventy-eighth, with its brigade, started for the scene of conflict, a distance of fourteen miles. It arrived at Pittsburg landing at eight o'clock P. M., April 6, and after the days's fight was over. It made camp on the extreme right of the Union army. At daylight the following morning the regiment went into action on the right and was engaged all day, with a loss of one man killed and nine wounded. It next participated in the movements on Corinth and was frequently engaged in skirmishes with the enemy while guarding the right flank of the army. After Corinth was evacuated the regiment, with Gen. Wallace's division marched to Bethel, where it was detached, and, with theThirteenth Illinois, under Col. Leggett, sent to Jackson, Tenn. They drove the Rebel troops out and took possession of the town. It was here that the regiment had the satisfaction of hoisting the national colors on the pole where the first flag of treason was raised in Tennessee. While here the regiment was transferred to Gen. Logan's division. From Jackson, the regiment, with the Thirteenth Illinois, under command of Col. Leggett, moved to Grand Junction, Mississippi. It remained there about four weeks, and was then ordered to Bolivar, where it was engaged in reconnoitering and in skirmishing with the enemy. August 30, after its return to Bolivar, the regiment, with the Twentieth Ohio, one company of the Eleventh Illinois cavalry, and a section of the Ninth Indiana artillery, had a sharp action with the enemy at Spring Creek. During the fight four companies of the famous Second Illinois cavalry, under Col. Hogg, came up and took part. Col. Hogg was killed in this engagement. Before this fight took place a force of mounted infantry was raised from the Seventy-eighth and Twentieth Ohio, which was placed under the command of Lieuts. Gilbert D. Munson, of the Seventy-eighth, and Lyman N. Ayers, of the Twentieth, to make the reconnoissance. After this successful action the force fell back to the main body. The Seventy-eighth then moved to Iuka to meet Van Dorn and Price, but did not participate in that fight. Returning to Bolivar, it was ordered to report to Grant, then moving toward Grenada, Miss. It was marching in advance of the army and near Grenada, when information was received of the destruction of the army supplies at Holly

Springs. This changed the movements of the Union forces. The army fell back and the Seventy-eighth, with Gen. Grant's forces, moved to Memphis. From there it embarked for Lake Providence, La., where it was engaged in cutting the bank of the Mississippi and opening Bayou Jackson with a view of flooding the country below. While at this point the brigade made an expedition up Mud Bayou to extricate some gunboats which were threatened by the Rebels.

The next move of the regiment was to Milliken's Bend, where it joined Grant, who was then laying his plans for moving against Vicksburg. Crossing the Mississippi at Bruinsburg, the regiment moved with the army to the rear of Vicksburg, and during this movement it was engaged in the battle at Raymond, May 12th, in which it suffered severely, losing eighty men, killed and wounded. May 16, it took a prominent part in the battle at Champion's Hill, where it lost 116 men killed and wounded. The brigade during these two last engagements was commanded by Leggett, he having received his commission as brigadiergeneral some time previous. The investment of Vicksburg having been completed, the Seventy-eighth, May 22, took part in the general charge on the enemy's works. April 25, the regiment was ordered up the Yazoo with a force under command of Gen. Frank P. Blair, to watch the manceuvers of the Rebels under Gen. Johnston. Returning, the regiment resumed its position in line before Vicksburg. About this time Gen. Leggett was transferred to the First brigade in Logan's division. June 22, the Seventy-eighth was sent out with a force on the Black river, to prevent the Rebel commander, Johnston, from crossing with his force at Bovina. It remained there until after the surrender at Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, when it joined Gen. Sherman in his movement on Jackson. It was left at Clinton, where, July 7, it gallantly repulsed an attack made by Rebel cavalry. The regiment accompanied the Union troops back to Vicksburg, where it remained until the latter part of August. It was then sent out with Gen. McPherson's expedition toward Canton. Returning it joined Gen. Logan in his movement to Monroeville, La., to meet the enemy in that locality. January 5, 1864, the Seventyeighth re-enlisted, and was attached to Gen. Sherman's army for his Meridian expedition. Upon its return it was sent home on veteran furlough.

on steamers up the Tennessee to Clifton. Passing over Blue Mountain ridge, it joined Gen. Sherman's army at Ackworth, Ga., and was placed on the left to perform its part in the great Atlanta campaign. June 17, it took part in the capture of Bushy mountain. June 27, the Seventy-eighth was again in action at Kenesaw mountain. After that engagement, the regiment with the army of the Tennessee, made a flank movement by swinging around the mountain to the extreme right of Sherman's line extending along to the Chattahoochee, at the mouth of Nickajack creek. This forced the enemy to evacuate the mountain. Up to July 16, the regiment was almost in continuous action, either in skirmishing or artillery duel. During this period the soldiers of the two armies were often found trading and communicating with each other. July 16, the regiment, with its command, moved to Roswell factories and crossed the Chattahoochee. From there the command moved forward on Atlanta, and July 21, was actively engaged at Bald Knob. After this position was carried the shelling of Atlanta was begun. This was a very important position in the defense of Atlanta, and the Rebel commander tried to regain it; and July 22, he threw his entire army on the left flank of the Union forces. A terrible fight followed, in which the brave and gallant McPherson was killed. The Seventy eighth, with the Sixty-eighth, held a line near Bald Knob, an important point, on which the enemy made a deadly attack - a hand-to-hand fight - and great valor was displayed on both sides. Thirteen flag and color-bearers of the Seventy-eighth were either killed or wounded. These regiments were victors. The Seventy-eighth in this battle lost 203 officers and men killed and wounded. It took a prominent part in all the subsequent movements of the command until the fall of Atlanta. It then went into camp there, where it remained until about the middle of October, when it was ordered toward Chattanooga to guard supply trains against the rebel general Hood. When Hood withdrew toward Decatur, the Seventy-eighth returned to Atlanta by way of Lost mountain, where it arrived November 13th. On the 15th, it joined Gen. Sherman's army for the great march to the sea. From Savannah the regiment marched through the Carolinas, and was at the surrender of Gen. Johnston's army. P'rom there, with the victorious Union army, it moved northward through Richmond and on to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, May 30, 1865. A few days subsequent it was ordered to Louisville. From there, July 9, it started for Columbus, Ohio, where, on the nth, it was paid off and mustered out of the service of the United States. No regiment leaving the state to battle for the cause of the Union was more distinguished for its gallantry, noble daring and hard fighting than the brave Seventy-eighth.

Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - The Ninety-seventh was recruited from the counties of Coshocton, Guernsey, Morgan and Muskinggum, Companies C, E, F, G and K being largely made up from the latter county. It was mustered into service by Charles C. Goddard, Capt. Seventeenth U. S. I., at Camp Zanesville, September 1 and 2, 1862. Its field and staff officers were John Q. Lane, colonel; Milton Barnes, lieutenant colonel; James W. Moore, major; Thos. W. Gordon, surgeon; Chas. H. Moore, adjutant; Wm. H. McFarland, chaplin; Wm. F. Baker, quartermaster and Charles H. James, sergeant-major. It left Zanesville, September

7, for Covington Heights, and the following morning formed near Fort Mitchell pending the raid of Kirby Smith. September 20, it embarked for Louisville. Arriving there on the 22d, it was brigaded with Gen. Buell's army, which was then marching after Gen. Bragg. On the 4th of October, the rear guard of Bragg's army was met at Bardstown, where a lively skirmish was had, the enemy retreating toward Perryville. When the battle of Perryville opened, on the morning of October

8, the Ninety-seventh was some ten miles distant with the main part of Buell's army. The regiment with its command was hurried forward rapidly to the battleground where it did good service in holding the enemy in check and preventing it from flanking our right. On the 9th, the enemy having evacuated Perryville, the Ninety-seventh joined in the pursuit as far as Wild Cat, Ky., when it was abandoned and the command moved to Nashville, where it arrived November 21, and went into camp on the Murfreesboro railroad. Upon the reorganization of this department of outarmy under Gen. Wm. S. Rosecrans, the Ninetyseventh was placed in Gen. Crittenden's corps, which formed the left wing of the army of the Cumberland. December 20, the army began its movement on Murfreesboro, and on the 27th, met the enemy's outpast at Lavergne, movingon with the army. The regiment was not engaged until the 31st, which brought on the battle at Stone river. Gen. McCook's right wing had been driven back, but the pursuing enemy were repulsed by Gen. Crittenden, and at night the original lines were held. January 1, 1863, the

Ninety-seventh was placed to the left of Gen. Wood's division, the left wing of the regiment resting on Stone river. January 2, Gen. Breckinridge made an attack on Gen. Van Cline's division - which had crossed the river - driving it back. This brought into action the Ninetyseventh, which greatly aided in repulsing the enemy's strong attack. The regiment crossed the river and drove the enemy to his original line. It went into camp on the La Casas turnpike, where it remained until the movement against Tullahoma began. August 20, the regiment took up its position on Waldron's ridge, in view of Chattanooga. In the reorganization of the army of the Cumberland, under Gen. George H. Thomas, the Ninety-seventh was placed in the Second division - under Gen. Sheridan - of the Fourth army corps. The next engagement participated in by the Ninetyseventh was Mission Ridge. In this battle the regiment made a gallant fight, and suffered severely. Its loss was 156 officers and men killed and wounded.

Pursuing the retreating enemy, the regiment, with the Fortieth Indiana, overtook the rear guard, which had formed, and drove him across the Chickamauga creek. November 26, the regiment moved back to Chattanooga. Two days later it joined Gen. Granger's command, which went to the relief of Gen. Burnside at Knoxville, who was besieged by Gen. Longstreet. On this march the men suffered fearfully. They were without tents, thinly clothed, and many of them, when they reached Knoxville, were without shoes. December 15, the report came that the enemy was again moving on Knoxville, and the Ninety-seventh, with the Fourth army corps, was ordered to Strawberry Plains and Blain's cross roads, to meet and drive back the rebels under Longstreet. The Ninety-seventh remained at Blain's cross roads from the middle of December to the middle of January, 1864, without tents, poorly clothed, and depending for subsistence by foraging in an impoverished country. January 16, the command moved across the Holston river to Dandrige, where it had a lively skirmish. The fight was renewed the dayfollowing, when Gen. Sheridan, who was in command of the Union forces there, ordered a retreat to Strawberry Plains. January 19, the Ninety-seventh, under Sheridan, moved to Loudon, Tenn., where it remained until March 4, when it was ordered to Charleston, to guard the railroad bridge across the Hiawassee river; April 25, it returned to the command at Cleveland, remaining there until May 3, when it moved out for the Atlanta campaign. The next import- ant move of the Ninety-seventh was its participation in the battle of Rocky Face Ridge, May 5-9. At Resaca the regiment was under heavy fire of the enemy for two days, and at Adairsville, on the 17th, it had a sharp action. It participated in the movement against Dallas, and from May 25 to June 5, it was constantly under fire. The enemy fell back to Kenesaw mountain, pursued by the Union forces. June 17, the Ninety-seventh made a charge on the enemy, and, with the assistance of the Twenty-eighth Kentucky, drove him behind his second line of works. June 23, the Ninety-seventh, being on picket line, received orders to drive in the enemy's outposts. This order was obeyed, at a terrible sacrifice. Of the 153 men who went forward to this duty, 112 were either killed or wounded in thirty minutes' time. June 27, the Ninety-seventh, with the Second division, made another charge on Kenesaw mountain, and were driven back with great loss. July 4, the enemy evacuated Kenesaw mountain, and fell back to the Chattahoochee. July 6, the regiment arrived at Chattahoochee river, and went into camp.

July 13, it crossed the Chattahoochee, and was the first of the Union troops on the south side of that river. On the morning of the 20th, it crossed Peach Tree creek, and drove in the picket line of the rebels. A line of battle was formed, with the Ninety-seventh on the extreme left. It was at this point that Gen. Hood made his first charge against the Union forces, and the Ninety-seventh received the first assault of the enemy. It was a terrible charge, but the little band of heroes, numbering less than 300 held their ground. For their noble stand they received the thanks of Gen. Howard. They were also relieved from any further duty during that campaign.

The Ninety-seventh was in the action at Jonesboro, and joined in the pursuit of the enemy back to Lovejoy station. September 2, the Union forces went into Atlanta, and made their camp about the town. September 25, the Ninety-seventh, with the Second division of the Fourth army corps, was ordered to Chattanooga, to relieve the Pioneer brigade on Lookout mountain, that it might go to the assistance of the Union troops at Tullahoma, which were threatened by Hood. This Rebel general's activity kept the Ninety-seventh almost constantly on the move. October 19, it again joined Sherman's army at Alpine, Ga., and subsequently moved by rail to Athens, Ala. It returned northward, and arrived at Pulaski, Tenn., November 5, remaining there until the 17th. At this time Hood was advancing on

The Ninety-seventh moved out in advance of the enemy to Columbia, and on the 29th, the Union army evacuated that place and moved toward Franklin. On the march, the Second division of the Fourth army corps met the enemy at Spring Hill, November 29, and fought him until .night set in. During the night, the balance of the army came up, and the march was resumed to Franklin, the rear almost constantly skirmishing with the enemy.

The Ninety-seventh took part in the battle of Nashville, being with the Second division of the Fourth army corps, on the left center. It was in the first assault on the Rebel lines, driving the enemy back in great confusion. December 16, it took part in the action at Brentford Hills, defeating the enemy and pursuing him across the Tennessee. The regiment, with the Fourth army corps, reached Huntsville, Ala., January 3, 1865. March 28, the command moved to Bull's gap, in East Tennessee, and began rebuilding the railroad leading into Virginia, with the view of advancing on Richmond by way of Lynchburg. Learning of the fall of Richmond, Gen. Thomas marched his forces to Nashville, arriving there May 2. June 10, 1865, the Ninety-seventh was mustered out and sent to Columbus, where it was paid off and discharged from the United States service June 15, 1865. It lost during its long and brilliant campaign, 113 officers and men killed, and 560 wounded. It returned to its home with the reputation of being one of the best and bravest regiments in the service of the rebellion.

One Hundred-and-seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was organized at Camp Zanesville, from September 30, to October 8, 1862, to serve three years. It was recruited from the counties of Coshocton, Guernsey, Morgan and Muskingum. Volunteers from Muskingum were principally in Companies A, B, F, G, H, I and K. It was mustered into the United States service by Chas. C. Goddard, Captain Seventeenth United States infantry. Its organization was perfected by the election of Wm. H. Ball, colonel; John M. Bushfield, lieutenant colonel; Joseph Peach, major; T. A, Reamy, surgeon; James T. Cushing, adjutant; Daniel H. Mosley, quartermaster; Chas. C. McCabe, chaplain and Geo. C. McCormick, sergeant major.

October 23, the regiment started for the field. It embarked at Zanesville on the steamboats ''Powell" and "Patton," and descendingthe Muskingum, disembarked at Parkersburg, VV. Va. Proceeding by rail to Clarksburg, it was assigned to the Second brigade, Milroy's division - commanded by Col. Washburne. November 15.it moved to New creek, and December 5, was temporarily placed in the First brigade. Its first service was on an expedition to the south branch of the Potomac, by way of Petersburg and Wardensville. The first action of the regiment was in meeting an attack by a band of guerrillas under McNeil, which it repulsed. A second attack was made by McNeil on the train, just north of the ford at the branch, capturing trains, teamsters, wagons and four men of Company A. January 1, 1863, the regiment moved to Winchester, and with the Onehundred-and-tenth Ohio, garrisoned that town. March 14, some changes were made. Milroy's division became the Second division, Eighth army corps, and the four regiments that constituted the Second brigade of the old division, were organized into the First brigade of the division, with the addition of Carlin's battery and some cavalry, under the command of Gen. Elliott. For some time the regiment was engaged on scouting expeditions. The One-hundred-and-twenty-second was ordered up ( during Gen. Hooker's movement on Chancellorsville) the Shenandoah valley to capture, Staunton. The expedition advanced as far as New Market, when it was ordered back to Winchester. June 13, a part of the regiment met Gen. Stewart's raid on the Strasburg road and were repulsed. The following day, the entire regiment was engaged, and succeeded in forcing through the enemy's lines and moved to Harper's Ferry. It had several men and officers captured, some of whom were not exchanged until April, 1865. Upon the evacuation of Maryland heights, the regiment moved through Washington to Georgetown, and thence on to Frederick, and was assigned to Second brigade, Third division, Third army corps. The brigade at once took part in the operations against the army of Lee. After considerable marching and counter-marching, it went into camp August 1, on the Rappahannock. Subsequently it was ordered to New York city to assist in suppressing the riots. In September it rejoined the brigade on the Rappahannock and marched to Culpeper Courthouse. During the fight at Winchester, about 100 of the regiment became separated from the regiment, and joined the Onehundred-and-sixteenth Ohio, in. their march to Cumberland gap and Bloody run. Subsequently this command formed a part of the garrison at Martinsburg. They returned to their regiment at Culpeper during the latter part of September. I'hc next action of the regiment was at Brandy station, November 8.

Returning to Brandy station, December 3, it went into winter quarters on the farm of J. Minor Botts. March, 1864, the Third division was assigned to the Sixth army corps. The One-hundred-and-twenty-second broke camp May 4, and on the following day, with the brigade, it marched out to take part in the battle of the Wilderness. In this battle the regiment conducted itself nobly, and lost the first day, 120 men. It took an active part in all the subsequent movements in this memorable campaign. It was in action at Spottsylvania, then the North Anna, and across the Pamunky, it performed heroic service, and was under fire almost constantly. At Totopotamy creek the regiment was placed on the skirmish line, and aided in the capture of the rifle-pits of the enemy. Its next engagement was at Cold Harbor, where it took a prominent part, and lost heavily. From there it marched to Jones' bridge, on the Chickahominy, thence to Charles' City and Wilcox's landing, on the James. From there it ascended the river, and reported to General Butler, at Bermuda Hundred. From there it crossed the Appomattox, and moved up to the lines in front of Petersburg, and later it was put in position on the extreme left. It was in the action on the Weldon railroad, June 22d and 23d, which was again taken by the enemy. On the 29th, it was on the expedition to Ream's station, destroying the railroad. July 6, it moved in steamers with its command, via P'ortress Monroe and the Chesapeake, to Baltimore. On this trip the regiment was divided, and owing to an accident a part of it did not arrive until July 9, when it, with the Sixth Maryland, and Sixty-seventh Pennsylvania, started by rail to Frederick. During this day the other half, with the remainder of the division, fought the battle of Monocacy junction. The other force arrived in time to cover the retreat, and the Third division moved on to Ellicott's mills, and from there by rail to Baltimore. From there it went to Washington, thence through Tenallytown across the Potomac, joining its corps near Leesburg: The regiment joined in an action at Snicker's Gap, against General Early, following him to Berryville; then returned to Tenallytown. Its next move was to Harper's Ferry, via Rockville and Monocacy junction. July 30, the army crossed the Potomac, and concentrated near the junction. The regiment had then a little rest for the first time sincethecampaignopened. August 7, the army moved to Halltown, thence via Clifton, Berry- ville andNewton to the front of Early's command, at Fisher's Hill. After much marching, manceuvering and many skirmishes, the Sixth corps formed for battle about two miles east of Winchester. The One-hundred-and-twenty-second in this engagement bore a distinguished part. By daylight the next morning the Union forces were after Early, and by mid-day came up with him, and a lively battle followed. The regiment pursued the enemy as far as Mount Crawford, then returned to Strasburg, where it rested; then moved on toward Alexandria. As the head of the column was approaching the Shenandoah, opposite Ashley's gap, it received an order to return to Cedar creek, that "Early was coming down again." October 14, the Sixth corps was along the hills bordering Cedar creek. October 19 came on the battle of Cedar creek, in which the One-hundred-andtwenty-second was an important factor, and took part in following Early across'the stream. General Sheridan's army went into cantonments near Kernstow, November 10, and December 3 the Sixth corps moved by rail to Washington, where it embarked for City Point. Later it was in position in front of Petersburg, a little way west of the Weldon railroad.

January 5, 1865, it moved with its corps to the left, when Grant extended his lines out beyond Hatcher's Run, and was assigned to position near Fort Fisher, March 25, with the brigade, the regiment captured and held the enemy's picket-trenches. At 4 o'clock A. M. April 2, the Sixth corps advanced against the enemy and drove them from their fortifications. Following in pursuit the Sixth corps met Gen. Lee's fleeing army with the One-hundred-and-twenty-second on the skirmish line, and broke the Rebel columns. It continued in the march against the retreating hosts of the fast tumbling Confederacy and was present at its final fall at Appomattox. It returned to Washington in June and was reviewed by the President and his cabinet. It was mustered out July 26, and was sent to Columbus, Ohio, where it was paid off and discharged. It went into the war with 927 men, received many recruits and came out with 585, and with the honored name of a gallant, brave and fighting regiment.

One-Hundred-aiid-Fifty-Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry- -This regiment was organized at Zanesville, Ohio, May 9 and 10, 1864, and was mustered into the United States service for 100 days. It was composed of the Eleventh regi- , ment, Ohio National Guard, from Muskingum, county, and the Seventy-third battalion, Ohio National Guard, from P'airfield county. The regimental officers were: Lyman J. Jackson, colonel; Horace D. Munson, lieutenant colonel; Wm. S. Harlan, major; Robert Chambers, surgeon; Albert W. Train, adjutant; Henry Lillibridge, quartermaster; Joseph H. Moore, chaplain, and Albert A. Guthrie, sergeant major.

Immediately after muster-in the regiment was ordered to Harper's Ferry, Va., and went into camp on Maryland heights until May 1 7, when it was ordered to report to Gen. Lew Wallace, and was assigned to Brig- Gen. Kenly's command. Four companies were detailed on guard duty at Camp Bradford, Baltimore, where they remained during their term of service. One company performed provost guard duty in Baltimore, another was detailed at Patterson Park Hospital, and the remaining companies were on detailed duty, guarding bridges on the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore railroad. At the time of the Rebel invasion, 100 men from the regiment were mounted and participated in the battle of Monocacy junction, July 9, and the skirmishes incident thereto. July 12, companies B, E, G and I, with other troops, moved on an expedition to Pikesville, against the Rebels. July 28, four companies of the regiment were stationed at Havre de Grace, where they had charge of the railroad. August 13, its term of service having expired it was discharged and sent home. It arrived at Zanesville, August 17, and was mustered out on August 24, 1864.

One-Himdred-and Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was organized at Zanesville, Ohio, May 12, 13 and 14, 1864, to serve for one hundred days. It was made up of the Fifty-third battalion, Ohio National Guard, from Perry county; Ninety-first battalion, Ohio National Guard, from Muskingum county, and a part of the Seventy-third Ohio National Guard, from P'airfield county. It was mustered into the United States service at Zanesville, May 12, 1864, and was immediately placed en route to Harper's Ferry. Its first duty was to guard supply trains to Martinsburg, W. Va. On its return it was placed in the First brigade, First division, of General Hunter's army, and on the morning of the 25th of May it moved out to Woodstock, W. Va., with the command. It then moved toward the front, but on the way was again detached and sent back to guard and take charge of a supply train at Martinsburg. At Middletown the regiment met Mosby's guerillas and had a skirmish with them. From this time until the close of its service, it was occupied almost continually in marching and counter-marching through the Shenandoah Valley, during which time it was engaged in a number of skirmishes. August 25, the regiment started for home and arrived at Zanesville on the 29th. At the expiration of its term of service, August 29, 1864, it was mustered out.

One-Hiindred-and-Seventy-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, September 26, 1864, to serve one year. Companies A and F were partly made up from Muskingum county. Under command of Col. Joab A. Stafford, it started by rail and water for Nashville, under orders to report to Gen. George H. Thomas for duty. It remained in Nashville about two weeks, performing guard duty, when it was ordered to Tullahoma, Tenn., when it formed a part of the post command. The post was evacuated during the winter of 1864-5, anc^ the One-hundred-andseventy -eighth was sent to Murfreeboro, where it it remained during the siege. After the defeat of General Hood's army, at Nashville, the regiment was ordered to North Carolina. It landed at Morehead City with the Twenty-third army corps, and later took part in the action at Wise's fork against Gen. Johnston's forces. After the surrender of Johnston, the regiment was ordered to Charlotte, N. C., for garrison duty. It remained there until it was mustered out June 29, 1865. It was paid off and discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, July 10, 1865.

One- Hundred-and-Ninety fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. - This regiment was one of the series recruited for one year's service, and was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, March 20, 1865, with Col. Henry B. Banning, commanding, it arrived at Harper's Ferry, March 25, and after preforming garrison duty there for a few days, it joined Gen. Hancock's command at Winchester. While in this camp news of Lee's surrender was received, and the regiment was ordered to Alexandria, Va., when it performed provost guard duty until December 18, 1865. It was then ordered to Washington and mustered outof service. It returned to Camp Chase, was paid off and discharged.

This regiment, like all that class of one-year's service, organized in 1864-5, was composed of men who had previously been in the service, and were thoroughly experienced soldiers; and when they were recruited there were no indications that the Confederacy was so near its final collapse.

Tzventy-Seventh Regiment. - Churchill, Mendall, e. in Jackson county, Aug. 6, 1861, 3 years, Co. E, capt. ; pro. to maj. Nov. 2, 1862; pro. to lieut.-col., March 19, 1864; wd. at Atlanta; received the brevet brig.-gen.; dis. Sept 15,

One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiment. - Lewis, James, 1st lieut., e. May 2, 1864, 100 days, Co. G; lost left eye at Martinsburg, Va., by accident, May 30, 1864; m. o. Sept. 2, 1864. Matson, George M., e. in Morgan county May

One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment.- Banifield, Aurelius, e. Feb. 22, 1865, 1 year, Co. E; in hospital; m. o. at Winchester Aug. 27, 1865. Curtis, William, e. Licking county, Leb. 24,

1864, on the Clara Dolson gunboat; trans. to the gunboat Brilliant; dis. at Cairo Aug. 14, 1863; served 126th, O. V. I., Co. I. McBride, William H., e. for service on gunboat Brilliant, Miss, squad, Feb. 16, 1864; trans. to Silver Lake as paymaster clerk; dis. Feb. 16, 1865. McElroy, Jas. A., service as sailor from 1862 to

J., service, seaman, gunboat Brilliant, from 1862 to 1863. Palmer, Jas. Wm, service Feb. 1865, gunboat Brilliant; died May 18, 1865. Parshall, Reuben J., service seaman, gunboat Milwaukee, latter part of the war. Pickens, Louis S., service seaman U. S. gunboat; kd. at Pittsburg Landing, Apr. 6, 1862. Prescott, Robt., service seaman, gunboat Brilliant; from 1864 to 1865. Seright, Geo. D., service seaman, gunboat Brilliant, Miss, squad, from 1864 to 1865. Seright, John H., service seaman, gunboat Brilliant, Miss, squad; from 1864 to

NO doubt the first schools in the county were what is termed "pay" schools, and the schoolhouses were built by public subscription. It was not until after the passage of the common school law that any thing like the public schools of a later day were known. There were in the state several districts, all of them entitled to a thirty-sixth part of their superficial contents for the support of common schools. In 1836-37, the subject of school lands and common schools was taken up in the general assembly, and the members agreed that something should be done, but took no definite action in the matter during that session. Complaints had come from all parts of the state, some based on one alleged grievance, some on another, and there was so much diversity in the remedies proposed that there seemed no sufficient definite data to act upon.

A superintendent was appointed for one year, to collect information on all subjects connected with the question and make report to the legislature, with a suggestion of such remedies as might appear necessary to establish a practical free school system. One thing that seemed to require the immediate attention of the department was the school lands. The state was divided into many different grants, each having distinct school lands, and the legislation had been plentiful and complicated, adopted frequently to promote the interests of individuals, who, pretending advantage to the schools, sought an appropriation for personal advantage. It was made the duty of no individual or department to superintend this interest, and great iniquity was practiced while the legislature sought honestly to do right.

When the law passed, allowing the sale of the school lands, it was intended tor immediate effect, and the frauds afterward practiced were not foreseen. No limit as to value was fixed for the sale of the lands, and the result was that, in the new counties, where there was but little demand for lands, and only a few residents and not a quarter of the land entered, the school land was sold for ten cents an acre and upward. Extensive speculations were made in this way. The land was sometimes worth, in a few years, several times what it was bought for. A price should have been fixed, below which the land should not have been sold, nor should it have been sold until all the government land in the township had been taken up.

A still greater fraud was committed in surrendering the leases. Some of the most valuable school lands were first leased on "improvement leases," under which the tenant took a quarter section of land for ten or fifteen years. He was bound to build a cabin and clear some fifteen or twenty acres of land, and might clear more at his own option. After these leases expired, the land was leased for ninety-nine years, renewable forever. Thus the tenant paid for rent the interest on the estimated value of the land, and it was to be revalued every fifteen or twenty years, as the lease might stipulate, the value of improvements to be excluded. In the rapid settlement of the country, land thus leased for from five to fifty cents an acre, estimating the land to be worth from $1 to $8, subject to such revaluation every fifteen years, was often, before the first fifteen years had passed, worth ten times the first estimate. The law directing the sale of school land allowed these tenants to surrender their leases, and, on paying the amount of the last valuation, to receive deeds in fee simple, so they thus obtained at $3 or $4 an acre, or less, land worth often $50 or $100 per acre. In that way, at least, $1,000,000 was lost to the school fund of Ohio, and by the sacrifice of premature sales, another large sum was lost. Both these practices were prohibited in 1838, and the land that remained was more carefully managed.

The different school funds provided for under the law were the following: The Connecticut Western Reserve fund, the proceeds of 56,000 acres of land, or the sum of 8158,656. It belonged to the several counties of the

Western Reserve. The United States Military District fund, or the proceeds of school lands in that part of the state. The Virginia Military school fund, composed of the proceeds of 1 05 ,- 155 acres of land given for the use of schools in the tract of country reserved by Virginia to satisfy her military claimants. The three tracts of country named composed about one-third of the area of the state, and had no school sections reserved, and the lands thus given were in lieu of such sections. The residue of the state, with some small exceptions, had every Section 16, or one thirty-sixth of its area, reserved for school purposes. There is also a direct tax for educational maintenance. The sources from which the school moneys expended in Muskingum county is derived are the following: A - The state common school

Under the laws of Ohio, the state is divided into school districts, to be styled, respectively, city district of the first grade of the first class, city districts of the second grade of the first class, city districts of the first class, city districts of the second class, village districts, special districts, and township districts. Each city having a population of 250,000 or more by the last preceding census of the United States, including the territory annexed to it for school purposes, and excluding the territory detached from it for school purposes, constitutes a city district of the first grade of the first class; each city having a population of 150,00001' more, and less than 250,000, by the last preceding census of the United States, including the territory annexed to it for school purposes, constitutes a city district of the second grade of the first class; and each city having a population of 10,000 and less than 150,000 by the last preceding official census of the United States, including the territory annexed to it for school purposes, and excluding territory detached from it for school purposes, constitutes a city district of the first class. Each city having a population of 10,000 or more, including the territory attached to it for school purposes, and excluding the territory within its corporate limits detached for school purposes, constitutes a school district, to be styled a city district of the first class.

Each city of the second class, having a population of less than 10,000 by the census of 1870, including the territory attached to it for school purposes, and excluding the territory within its corporate limits detached for school purposes, constitutes a school district,'to be styled a city district of the second class. Each village, including the territory attached to it for school purposes, and excluding the territory within its corporate limits detached for school purposes, shall constitute a school district, to be styled a village district. Municipal corporations hereafter created, or advanced to higher grade, except villages created by advancement or otherwise, shall, from and after their creation or advancement, be school districts corresponding to their grade as herein provided.. Each organized township, exclusive of any of its territory included in a city, village, or special district, shall constitute a school district to be styled a township district. Any school district now existing, other than those mentioned, which has been established by a vote of the people in accordance with any act of the general assembly, or which has been established by a general or local act of the general assembly constitutes a school district, to be styled a special district; and such districts may be established as provided for.

In city districts of the first grade of the first class, the board of education consists of one member from each ward, each member of the board to be an elector of the ward, or of the township, or part of the township, which, for school purposes, has been or may be attached to such ward, for which he is elected or appointed. In city districts of the second class, and in village districts, the board of education consists of six members, except in districts organized under a law providing for only three members, who shall have the qualifications of an elector therein, and in such districts the membership may be increased to six; but the board of a city district of the second class, may provide, by a vote of the majority of its members, that the board shall consist of as many members as the city has wards. In city districts of the second class, members of the board of education are elected annually, to serve for the term of three years from the third Monday of April succeeding their election, and until the election and qualification of their successors; if the board consists of six members, two judicious and competent persons are elected each year; and if the board consists of three members, one such person is elected each year.

The board of education of each township district divided into sub-districts consists of the township clerk, and the directors who have been appointed clerks of the sub-districts; the board of a township district which is not divided into sub-districts consists of the township clerk, and the directors of the district; the board of a township district which is composed of not more than two sub-districts consists of the township clerk, and the directors of the two sub-districts; and the clerk of the township is clerk of the board, but is not entitled to a vote.

There is elected by ballot, on the second Monday of April, annually, in each sub-district and in each township not divided into subdistricts, by the qualified electors thereof, one competent person, having the qualifications of an elector therein, to be styled director, who holds his ofifice for three years from the day of his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified.

The board of education of each special district consists of three members, who must be residents of the district, and have the qualifications of an elector therein; and when the electors of any special district, the board of education of which consists of three members, desire that the board shall consist of six members, they may make such change in the same manner as provided for city districts of the second class and village districts.

There is elected annually, by ballot, on the second Monday of April, in each special district, by the qualified electors thereof, at the usual time and place of holding school elections in such district, one judicious and competent person to serve as member of the board for three years from the first Monday succeeding his election, and until the election and qualification of his successor.

When the better accommodation of scholars makes it desirable to form a sub-district, composed of parts of two or more townships, the boards of education of the townships interested may, by mutual agreement, at a joint meeting held for the purpose, establish the same, and fix the boundaries thereof; if there is no suitable school-house within such boundaries, or if there is one, but it is not suitably located, the board may designate a site whereon to erect such building; but if there is a suitable schoolhouse within such boundaries, properly located, the school must be held therein. A chairman and secretary are chosen at such meeting, and the secretary makes a memorandum of the proceedings had thereat; a copy of such memorandum, signed by the chairman and secretary, to be transmitted to the clerk of each of the boards, who records the same in his record of proceedings of the board; and the secretary to transmit a like copy of the proceedings to the auditor of each county having territory embraced in the sub-district. The school in a joint sub-district is under the control of the board of education in the township in which the school-house is situate, of which board the director who is clerk of the joint sub-district is a member; but such school is supported from the school funds of the townships having territory in the joint sub-district, in proportion to the enumeration of youth.

For the purpose of affording advantages of a free education to all the youth of the state, there is levied, annually, a tax upon the grand list of taxable property of the state, which is collected in the same manner as other state taxes are collected, and the proceeds of which constitute the "state common school fund;" the rate of such levy is designated by the general assembly at least once in two years; and if the general assembly fail to designate the rate for any year, the same shall be one mill upon each dollar of valuation of such taxable property. The state pays interest annually, at the rate of six per cent, per annum, upon all money which has been paid into the state treasury on account of sales of lands commonly called "salt lands," and upon all money heretofore paid, or which may hereafter be paid into the state treasury on account of sales of swamp lands granted to the state of Ohio by act of congress; the money received from such sales constitutes an irreducible debt of the state; and the interest shall be apportioned annually on the same basis as the state common school fund is apportioned, and distributed to the several counties.

The money which has been and may hereafter be paid into the state treasury on account of sales of lands granted by congress for the support of public schools in any original surveyed township, or other district of county, constitutes the "common school fund," of which the auditor of state is superintendent, and the income of which is applied exclusively to the support of common schools.