Portland, Oregon - Portland, Oregon, Its History and Builders : in Connection with the An (part 24 of 25)

He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 30, 1805, and died in 1857. More than a half century has passed since his demise, and yet the story of his good deeds is told by the pioneer settlers. His professional education was obtained in Jefiferson Medical College of Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in 1832. He practiced for twenty years in the east and middle west before coming to the Pacific coast. He lived for some years in Keokuk, Iowa, before starting with his family to Oregon on the 2d of May, 1852, reaching Portland in the early part of November. He was at the head of a large, well equipped train. Many cattle were lost while en route and by the time Portland was reached the company was pretty thoroughly tired out. Exposure and illness had made it a hard trip for everybody, particularly for a physician. Dr. Millard performed perhaps his greatest work during that journey across the plains, for Asiatic cholera was then raging among the emigrants and new-made graves marked the route. All along the way he ministered to the victims of that dread disease. Many of the pioneers of that year owe their lives to his professional services and his boundless charity. He left Iowa with a considerable fortune and arrived in Oregon almost penniless, having given continuously to the needy all along the route until his possessions were almost gone. Arriving in this city he continued in practice up to the time of his death, and the same philanthropic, kindly spirit marked him in all of his relations with his fellowmen.

Dr. Millard was married in Glassboro, New Jersey, on the 25th of September, 1 83 1, to Miss Mary Campbell, who was of Quaker parentage. They became the parents of six children. Marshall B.; the eldest, will be remembered by some of the earlier settlers as purser on some of the lower Columbia boats. His surviving children are M. A. Millard, Misses Mary and Jessie Millard, and Mrs. Cara Gambell. Levi C. was the next of the family. Then came Henry W., who left a daughter. Harriet M. became the wife of Henry B. Morse and her living children are Dr. Edwin W. Morse, Miss Eugenia Morse, Mrs. Emma Riddell and Mrs. Harriet Lockwood. Mary L. Millard became the wife of Henry L. Hoyt and her living children are Ralph W. Hoyt and Mrs. Louise Cook. The youngest of the Millard family was Emma E. Millard. All of the children have passed away, the last survivor having been Mrs. Morse, who died in March, 1904. The grandchildren mentioned are the descendants of Dr. Justin Millard now living and to them as a priceless heritage the grandfather left an untarnished name and a record of a noble and upright life.

Robert M. Hudson

Robert M. Hudson, now deceased, was through the period of his residence in Portland connected with the lumber interests of the northwest, which so largely center in this city, making Portland the chief lumber port of the Pacific coast. He came to the west in 1885. His birth occurred in Grant county, Wisconsin, August 29, 1858, his parents being John G. and Nancy (McDaniel) Hudson. His father was a Methodist minister and school teacher, and came of English descent. Both he and his wife died in Wisconsin, their remains being interred in a cemetery near Platteville, but in the meantime the father had for a period engaged in preaching the gospel in this section of the country. Several sons of the family have become identified with the northwest, the Rev. James D. Hudson being now a minister of Washington, while T. Edgar is a resident of Portland ; John, of Troutdale ; and Walter, also of Portland. The latter was twice elected to represent Multnomah county in the state legislature and is engaged in the sawmill business in Portland.

Robert M. Hudson was reared and educated in his native state, attending the district schools in Lima township. Grant county, Wisconsin, near Platteville, after which he followed farming for a time. In 1883 he removed to Traverse City, Michigan, where he secured a position in a chair factory. Through the influence of his brothers he came to Portland in 1885 and here took up sawmill work, being first connected with the North Pacific mills, while later he was with the Inman and other mills. He was a fine planer and occupied positions as foreman in the planing departments, continuing in that business connection up to the time of his death.

It was on the 26th of December, 188 1, that Mr. Hudson was united in marriage in Platteville, Wisconsin, to Miss Emma M. Johnson, who was born in Traverse City, Michigan, where her parents, Peter N. and Anna Johnson, were early settlers, her father residing there for forty-one years. He was a farmer of that locality and Mrs. Hudson owns eighty acres of land there which she inherited from her father, possessing a deed to the property signed by President Buchanan. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hudson have been born five children : Peter A., who is head filer for the Dee Lumber Company, married Tessie Lancaster and resides in Dee, Oregon. Robert A., who is a graduate of the public schools and the Portland Business College, was for five years in the employ of Wadhams & Kerr Brothers as head city salesman and is now in the wholesale grocery business as president and manager of Hudson, Gram & Company at Front and Oak streets, Portland. He maried Maud Flood and has one child, Doris. Edgar I., of Salem, Oregon, married Hazel Robertson. Farnam died at the age of two years. Florence is at home with her mother.

The death of Mr. Hudson occurred on the 17th of May, 1910, and his remains were interred in Lone Fir cemetery. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and passed through all the chairs in the local lodge. He also belonged to the Woodmen of the World and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His political allegiance was given to the democracy but he never cared for nor held office. He prefered that his attention should be devoted to his business interests and to his home, the latter being ever the center of his universe. Capability and fidelity in business won him the confidence and good-will of those with whom he came in contact, and wherever he went he was recognized as a man of many sterling traits.

William Bollons

Among the railway officials of the northwest who by faithful service have gained the confidence and respect of higher officials and of the public generally may be named William Bollons, division superintendent of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, with headquarters at Portland. Since starting out in life for himself Mr. Bollons has been identified with the railroad interests and, therefore, has made it the principal study of his life. He was born in England but came to America when he was quite young and was educated on this side the Atlantic. He began in the railroad business as a water boy for the Peninsular Railroad, now the Grand Trunk Railway. Advancing through various positions he became connected with the Chicago & Alton Railway and later with the Santa Fe Railway, with headquarters in Chicago. Coming from that city to Portland in 1890, he entered the employ of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company as roadmaster, later being advanced to the position of general roadmaster and division engineer. His headquarters were originally at Pendleton, Oregon, but since 1904 he has been a resident of Portland and since the spring of 1909 has been division superintendent of the road. Also for five years, from 1904 to 1909, he acted as division engineer of the Southern Pacific lines in Oregon.

Mr. Bollons was united in marriage to Miss Mary Doherty, and four children have been born to this union, William, Jr., Andrew, Eleanor and Madeline. Socially Mr. Bollons is identified with the Masonic order and is in hearty sympathy with the spirit of brotherhood inculcated by that organization. His success as a railway officer has been due to the application of the same principles that have brought success to many other wide-awake men and consists of conscientious discharge of duty, the ability to act promptly so as to produce definite and satisfactory results and a well directed ambition to carry to a definite conclusion any responsibility undertaken, regardless of pains or labor involved. It is safe to say that any man of fair mental capacity who will be guided by principles here named will attain a laudable degree of success in any worthy enterprise to which he may devote his attention. Mr. Bollons has many friends in the northwest, who appreciate his enduring qualities, and the record which he has made is a fair prophecy of continued attainment in a vocation to which he seems by nature and experience eminently adapted.

Dudley Evans

(Written by a college friend.) Dudley Evans is a native of Virginia - the part now called West Virginia. He was born near Morgantown on the 27th of January, 1838. At the age of fifteen he entered Monongalia Academy and continued there until prepared for the junior class in college, which he entered in the autumn of 1857 and continued to the end of the course. After graduation he taught one term in the Morgantown Academy and then went to Louisiana, where he was teaching when the Civil war began. Coming back to Virginia, he entered the Confederate army as a high private in the First Virginia Infantry. In 1862, after the battle of Seven Pines, he was commissioned as a captain in the Virginia state forces, which later were transferred to the control of the Confederacy. In 1863 he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Twentieth Virginia Cavalry and had part in all the battles in the valley of Virginia during the years 1863 and 1864. During this period he was elected by the soldier vote a member of the legislature of Virginia and spent the winters of 1863-4 and 1864-5 i" Richmond.

After the close of the war he went to California and in 1866 was appointed to a place in Wells Fargo Express Company, serving it in Victoria, B. C, and in Portland, Oregon. ®n January i, 1883, he was made superintendent of the northern division, embracing Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana. He remained in Portland until the beginning of the year 1888, when he was transferred to Omaha and made general superintendent of the central department, embracing the territory west of the Missouri river as far as Ogden, Utah, and El Paso, Texas, and from the Dakotas to the gulf. This position was held until December, 1891, when he was ordered to New York city and put in charge of the Atlantic department. On August 11, 1892, he was made manager and elected second vice president of the company and continued in that capacity until about the close of the year 1901, when, owing to the death of the president of the company, he was elected to that office, the election taking effect January i, 1902. He still holds that post with headquarters at 51 Broadway, New York. His residence is in Englewood, New Jersey.

On the 17th of September, 1878, Mr. Evans was married to Miss Nellie Seelye, of the province of New Brunswick, the wedding being solemnized in Chicago. Two hardships came Mr. Evans' way during the early years of his career, viz : his capture during the war and subsequent imprisonment and being debarred by statute from the practice of law in California because of his political antecedents. The capture and imprisonment has the bright side that it safeguarded him from wounds or death on the battlefield. Shutting him out from the practice of his profession was one of the things that all are now glad to forget. We now know that there was no treason and there were no rebels. We have come to realize that there was a great question which the convention of 1787 could not settle and left to be a bitter heritage to posterity ; a question which congress debated perennially and could not settle ; which no court in the land could settle ; which had to be settled once for all ; and which, it was found at last, could only be settled by the appeal to arms. The men on both sides were honest. The fight was to a finish. One side was victor, the other vanquished. The question is settled without dishonor to either party and so the history of the time will make the record.

Outside of the great corporation of which he is the head, Mr. Evans has been honored by two presidents, McKinley and Roosevelt, each having appointed him a member of the board of visitors to the Military Academy at West Point; the former in 1900, the latter in 1905. Each time he was made vice president of the board. He is a Mason of the thirty-second degree, Scottish Rite, a member of the Lawyers Club of New York city and member and president of the Englewood Club. He is a member of the Lee Jackson camp of Confederate veterans of Lexington, Virginia; of the Society of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States, of Maryland ; of the Society of the Cincinnati, of the state of Virginia ; of the Sons of the Revolution, of the state of New York ; of the Society of Colonial Wars for the state of New Jersey; of the Military Society of the War of 1812; and the Veteran Corps of Artillery for the state of New York.

Thus far the society and club man ; but our old chum takes on another line of relationships. He is president of Wells Fargo & Company's Bank of New York ; director of the Mercantile Trust Company of New York ; treasurer of the Batopilas Mining Company of Mexico; director of the Citizens National Bank of Englewood ; and director of the Wells Fargo Navada National Bank of San Francisco. He is independent in politics and votes according to his own pleasure. He has done nothing in literature but has been something of a traveler, having "done" Egypt, Palestine, the cities around the Mediterranean, Italy,

The City Of Portland 773

Looking over this record of mere facts we recognize it as the record of a successful life. If Mr. Evans were ten or fifteen years younger, with his penchant for presidencies, it would not be surprising to see him laying hands on the greatest of all - the presidency of the United States of America. Only once, I think, is there a note of real pain - the pain the German poet writes of -

Only once does this note sound in these words: "My eldest son, Rawley D. Evans, died April i6th, 1904, after only a few hours of illness." We remember that the son was about twenty-four years of age, words are unbecoming. We can only bow in silent sympathy.

Teacher, soldier, lawyer, business man, club man, family man, traveler - meeting all the conditions and vicissitudes belonging to all these lines of life and action, our classmate has done well indeed. I have wondered if, when he was sailing on the Mediterranean, visiting its storied cities, isles and shores - I have wondered if he read afresh the deathless strains of Homer, if he tried to map the cruise of Ulysses, if he sought the homes of Calypso, Nausicaa, Circe and the rest. Once, I am sure, he would have done so. Perhaps the opportunity, came too late. At any rate he won, through life a strong man, and as the sun is sinking westward for him, as for us, we, his friends in the bloom of youth, wish him: Peace - the "Peace that passeth understanding!"

Newman J. Levinson

Newman J. Levinson, Sunday editor of the Oregonian, is the oldest man in point of service on the editorial staff of that great daily. Born in 1854 at Shelbyville, Indiana, he attended the public schools. While he was preparing for college his father met with financial reverses, and the lad declined to add the burden of his further education to a straining load, but entered his father's service and helped to restore the family fortune.

At the age of fifteen, Mr. Levinson was accidentally thrown into newspaper work by an innocent error. A new daily paper which began publication in Indianapolis desired a news correspondent at Shelbyville, and Mr. Levinson's father, who was the personal and political friend of Governor Oliver P. Morton and Vice President Schuyler Colfax, was recommended for the place. A letter asking him to accept the position was erroneously addressed to the son instead of the father and the lad accepted without hesitation. As a child he had the gift of writing readable personal letters, and he seldom neglected the humorous phase of any situation. The work was satisfactory and the paper never suspected that its live correspondent was only a school boy. Thus early in life his news instinct was developed. Later he became the correspondent of the Indianapolis Journal (now the Star). His work in the campaign of 1876 was so notable that Judge E. B. Martindale, owner of the Journal, without having seen the young man, ofifered him a position on the staff. Thus at twenty-two, Mr. Levinson took up as a life work what hitherto had been a diversion. At the urgent solicitation of an older brother who had settled in Oregon, he came to this state in 1878 and began service with the Oregonian as a reporter. Two years afterward he became the city editor of the paper and remained in that position until 1888, when he went to Seattle as managing editor of the Post-Intelligencer. Carried away by the universal lure of real estate, he went into ventures which promised well until the collapse of 1893, which all but bankrupted him. In the next three years he reengaged in newspaper work in California and Chicago,.

Mr. Levmson was married in 1899 to Miss Margaret M. Mogeau, a prominent educator of San Bernardino, California. One child, a daughter six years

Louis Francis Chemin

Chance seemingly brought Louis F. Chemin to Portland and the Oregonian found in him one whose service was long a valuable factor in the conduct of that paper. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 6, 1840, a son of T. Augustus and Elizabeth (Cunningham) Chemin, both of whom died in the east. The father was born in France and throughout his active business life was a capitalist. His wife was born in Ohio, her people being early residents of

Louis F. Chemin was the only child of that marriage, save a sister who died at the age of eleven years. He pursued his education in Philadelphia, spending much of his youth in the Samson school, a private institution for boys of that city. When very young he started to learn the wood-carver's trade unknown to his parents. It was to him a fascinating task and, neglecting his school duties, he worked at the bench and was fast becoming a fine amateur carver when his father discovered his negligence in regard to school, and he was again obliged through parental authority to take up his studies. Afterward he learned the printer's trade, becoming an expert in that line, which he mastered in all of its branches, while still a resident of Philadelphia. He was one of the pioneers in the use of colored inks in printing and after learning the trade was engaged in business on his own account. His mother assisted him to make a start in business while he was still under age. Mr. Chemin admitted a Mr. Familton, a fine printer, to a partnership, and they remained together until the Civil war broke out. Mr. Chemin enlisted for active service in the Union Army, joining Company E, Twentieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. His term of enlistment having expired in this regiment Mr, Chemin returned home to Philadelphia. In January, 1862, a new Pennsylvania regiment was being raised - the 2nd Regiment (Federal) Eastern Virginia Brigade. He was commissioned brevet first lieutenant of Company A, Artillery Battery, of this same regiment. His old commission, much worn and yellow with age, is in the family's possession today.

It was at this time that a seemingly trivial incident turned his attention to the west and in fact made him a resident of the Pacific coast. A party of his friends were coming to this section of the country and Mr. Chemin went to New York to see them ofif ; they urged him to accompany them and he was persuaded largely owing to the fact that he had become discouraged on account of the way his partner had managed the business while he was in the army. The entreaties of his friends prevailed and he was the last man to step aboard the ship which weighed anchor and carried its human freight to San Francisco. He remained for a time in that city and, entering a printing office there, picked up one of the cards which was a product of his own office in Philadelphia. He looked at the card and smiled. The proprietor standing near thought he was making fun of it and told him it came from one of the best printing offices in Philadelphia. Mr. Chemin then made known his identity and the proprietor of the office afterward asked him to take a printing press to Portland. Mr. Chemin consented and the first Hoe single cylinder press ever brought to Oregon was installed in the Oregonian press room by Mr. Chemin in April, 1862. The little machine was no small factor in working out the newspaper problem in Portland. It did its work admirably for ten years. Finding that there was no one to operate the press Mr. Chemin remained to do the work and after a brief period spent in this

Louis F. Chemin The City Of Portland 777

His business connection with the Oregonian was never severed although promotions followed and he was advanced from time to time to positions of larger responsibility. In his forty-two years' connection with the Oregonian, he literally grew up with the newspaper he helped to make and lived to see it become one of the greatest among the daily newspapers of the United States.

It was on the i8th of January, 1862, that Mr. Chemin was married to Miss Annie Heffron, a native of Philadelphia. The two children of this marriage were Augusta, who died February 26, 1899, and Julia, still a resident of Portland. The family circle was again broken by death when on the 3d of June, 1904, Mr. Chemin passed away.

In his political views Mr. Chemin was a republican and although an active politician in the way of quiet citizenship he never ran or accepted any political office. Several times he served as a delegate to the county conventions of his party. He became an expert judge on real-estate values and his advice was often sought along business lines. Among fraternal orders Mr. Chemin was a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree ; he also belonged to the Mystic Shrine; Knights Templar; Portland Lodge, No. 55, A. F. & A. M.; Portland Lodge, No. 142, I. O. O. F. ; Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks ; Lincoln Garfield Post, G. A. R. ; and he was also an Exempt Fireman.

His long connection with the Oregonian brought him into contact with many of the leading citizens of Oregon throughout all the years of his association with the paper. He was particularly well known among the early residents of the city who entertained for him the highest regard because of his fidelity to those principles which constitute the strong elements of honorable manhood and progressive citizenship.

Theodore Jensen

Theodore Jensen is the second oldest brick manufacturer of Portland. He came to this city from San Francisco in 1872. The name indicates his nativity, for he was born in Trondhjem, Norway, in 1845, his parents being C. J. and Ellen Marie Jensen. He remained in the land of the midnight sun until twentyfour years of age, and in 1869 came to America, landing at New York, whence he made his way into the interior of the country, spending the summer season at Florence, Iowa. Subsequently he went to Denver, where he was engaged in brickmaking until 1871. The latter year witnessed his arrival in San Francisco and soon afterward he became connected with a brick-making industry at San Jose, California.

There Mr. Jensen remained for about a year and in 1872 removed to Portland, where he continued in the same line of business. He was employed by others for several years, and in 1878 embarked in business on his own account. His first yard was located on the Sandy Road, Wybarg Lane and Barr Road. He there remained for two years, or until 1880, and in 1881 he removed to a location on the Sandy Road in what is now the Hancock addition to Portland, where he carried on business successfully for seventeen years, or until 1898. He then went to Alaska, where he was engaged in mining for four years. He was associated with nine others in purchasing the schooner Willard Ainsworth. A year later Mr. Jensen went to Nome and returned on the schooner Elk, for the vessel of which he was part owner had been wrecked. On again reaching Portland in 1902, Mr. Jensen once more took up the business of manufacturing brick, in which he continued until 1910, when he retired. The capacity of his first yard was eighty-five hundred brick, at which time these were moulded by hand. He had a horse power mud mill. At one time he operated a mill with a capacity of seventy-two thousand, at which time he furnished all the brick for the building of the shops of the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company at Albina. Eight million brick were used in the construction of those shops, and Mr. Jensen's manufactory turned out on an average of five carloads per day. He also furnished the brick for the Sunnyside sewer and for St. Vincent's Hospital, each utilizing three million. The capacity of his last yard was thirty-five thousand brick per day. His long experience in the business and the fact that he kept in touch with all modern improvements enabled him to speak with authority on the subject of brick manufacture. For a long period he conducted a business of extensive proportions, and was one of the leading representatives of this industry in the northwest. The extent and importance of his business brought to him a substantial competence and enabled him to retire with a handsome capital which is well invested.

In 1876 Mr. Jensen was united in marriage to Miss Frances Olive Ingram, whose parents came across the plains in 1852 and settled in Pleasant Valley. The journey was made by ox team and the father, after reaching his destination, devoted his attention to farming. Both he and his wife, however, passed away several years ago. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Jensen were born two sons and a daughter: J. T. and C. C. Jensen ; and Marie, now the wife of Elijah Corbett. Throughout the years of his residence in Portland, Mr. Jensen has been recognized as one of the leading business men of the city - alert, diligent and determined - and his life record proves the fact that vim and vigor will win victory.

George Lewis Davenport

George Lewis Davenport is conducting a commission business in Portland under the firm style of Davenport Brothers, with offices at No. 150 Front street. He was born at The Dalles, January 22, 1871, and is a son of John Lewis Davenport, of whom mention is made in this volume. He attended school in his native city until eleven years of age, when the family removed to a farm near Mosier, after which he was unable to resume his studies until fifteen years later, when he pursued a two years' course in the Holmes Business College, taking the regular course. He remained upon the farm until twenty years of age, during which period he became thoroughly familiar with the best methods of raising stock and fruit.

A short time before he attained adult age, Mr. Davenport removed to Portland, where for three years he followed carpentering. He afterward spent two years on a ranch in eastern Oregon, and in 1898 he entered the employ of T. Pearson, a commission merchant of Portland, whom he served as bookkeeper and salesman for two years. He was afterward with D. E. Meikle, a commission merchant for a year and a half, and subsequently was with the E. J. Partridge Company. Six months later he bought out the business which he carried on for about two years. He then consolidated his interests with H. C. Thompson, under the name of the Davenport, Thompson Company, the existence of which was maintained until October, 1904, when Mr. Davenport disposed of his interest and engaged in business alone. For a short time his brother, Charles H. Davenport, was his partner and the firm style of Davenport Brothers, which was then adopted, has since been used in the conduct of the business. Mr. Davenport deals in all kinds of fruit and produce as a commission merchant, and in this connection has built up an extensive business. He is also interested in fruit land at Mosier, where he and his brothers and sisters are developing an extensive orchard. He also owns the Davenport Brothers Livery Stables, which he established here three years ago.

On the 28th of November, 1900, in Portland, Mr. Davenport was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Katherine Walch, a daughter of John Walch of this city, and they reside at No. 187 Gibbs street, in South Portland. He takes a keen interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of the city, and has firm faith in its future, believing that it is destined to hold its own as one of the leading commercial centers of the Pacific coast, if it does not become the foremost commercial mart in the northwest.

Frank Rigler

One of the prominent representatives of the educational system of Oregon, whose labors in behalf of public instruction have been most effective, and while reaching toward high ideals have ever maintained a most practical character, is Professor Frank Rigler, who in June, 1896, was appointed city superintendent of the schools of Portland. More than three decades have passed since he heard and heeded the call of the west. He was the sixth in a family of ten children, of whom five sons and three daughters reached years of maturity. Their parents were Hon. Henry and Mary (Castor) Rigler. The family is of German lineage and was established in Pennsylvania in pioneer days by ancestors who joined the colony of William Penn. At the time of the war for independence John Rigler joined the American troops and served with the rank of captain under General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. Andrew Rigley, then a mere boy in years, also offered his services to the country and went to the front in defense of American liberty. He was the father of Jacob Rigley, who was a life-long resident of Pennsylvania, conducting business as a farmer, stock-dealer and nurseryman, and he died in Pennsylvania at the age of eighty-four years. He was the father of the Hon. Henry Rigler, who was born and reared in a suburb of Philadelphia and became a large stock dealer. He was also prominent as a political leader, being originally identified with the whig party, while upon its dissolution he joined the ranks of the republican party, which he represented in the Pennsylvania legislature. He wedded Mary Castor, a native of Pennsylvania and a representative of an old Quaker family of that state, whose ancestors came to America with William Penn. Her father was a soldier of the Mexican war and lost his life while participating in the battle of Monterey. The death of Hon. Henry Rigler occurred in Philadelphia in 1894 when he was seventy-nine years of age, and his wife had also reached the age of seventy-nine years when she passed away in 1901.

The boyhood home of Frank Rigler was near the Frankford arsenal in Philadelphia and he attended the Central high school, from which he was graduated in 1872. He entered business life as an employe in the city engineering department and then, leaving the east, spent six months as a railroad engineer in Kansas. In 1875 he returned to Pennsylvania and devoted two and a half years to school teaching in Bucks county, near Doylestown. Advancing in his profession, he became vice principal of the boys grammar school in Philadelphia but throat trouble caused him to resign his position after a year. Hoping that a change of climate might prove of benefit, he came to the Pacific coast in January, 1879, and for a short time was a teacher in the schools of Buena Vista in Polk county, Oregon. He afterward became principal of the Independent school and in 1882 was elected to the superintendency of the schools of Polk county, which position he filled most capably through one term. He was then called to the superintendency of the schools of Walla Walla, Washington, where he remained for eighteen months.

Since December, 1885, Professor Rigler has been actively and prominently connected with the educational interests of Portland, serving first as principal of the Park school, with which he was connected until the close of the school year of 1887-88. He then accepted the superintendency of the schools of Oregon City, there remaining until 1891, when he returned to Portland as principal of the

Harrison street school, continuing in that capacity until June, 1894, when he became principal of the Portland high school. Two years were devoted to that work, and in June, 1896, he was elected city superintendent, in which position he has since continued. He has inaugurated many practical reforms and improvements in the school work and inspires teachers and pupils with much of his own zeal and interest. He holds to high ideals, realizing that school training is not merely for the acquirement of knowledge but a preparation for life's responsibilities. To this end he endeavors to make the school work thorough, broad and comprehensive in its scope, that it may constitute the basis of success for those who will become the dominant factors in the business and social life of Portland in later years.

Professor Rigler is a zealous student of educational methods as advanced by the National Educational Association, was a member of its national council, and was formerly a director for Oregon in that organization. Since 1882 he has served almost continuously as a member of the state board for examination of teachers. The State Teachers Association numbers him among its leading workers and his term as president of that body was characterized by far-reaching and effective effort in the promotion of its success. His work in connection with teachers institutes is well known and has received the indorsement of those people who judge judiciously. He became one of the charter members of the School Masters Club and for a number of years was honored with its presidency. The profession of teaching has been his life work, to which he has bent every energy, and, setting his mark high, he is putting forth every effort to raise himself to its level.

Professor Rigler was married in Walla Walla in 1884 to Miss Lena Koehler, who was born in Iowa and is a graduate of the Cedar Falls Normal School of that state. They became the parents of two children, Evelyn S. and Howard. His leisure hours are devoted to his family and yet he is not remiss in the duties of citizenship to the extent of giving attentive interest to the vital and significant questions of the day. His political views are manifest in his support of the republican party, and while the honors and emoluments of office have no attraction for him, the weight of his influence is ever on the side of good citizenship, of reform and progress. He is found in those social circles where the most intelligent men of the city gather, and Portland acknowledges her indebtedness to him for fourteen years of effective service as city superintendent of schools.

Jackson Hidden

Jackson Hidden, now living retired in Portland, where he took up his abode in 1905, was born in Albany, Vermont, August 3, 1832, a son of Oliver and Louisa (Wood) Hidden, the former a farmer and mechanic. The Hiddens were of English stock and the Vermont branch of the family came from Tamworth. New Hampshire. It was to this branch that the Rev. Jedediah Hidden, of Tamworth, a historical character and a man of great influence in his time, belonged.

Jackson Hidden pursued his education in the Craftsbury Academy of Orleans county, Vermont, and in the Newbury Seminary, a Methodist institution of learning, which was considered one of the best in northern Vermont. In his youth he learned the cabinet-maker's trade but not finding that employment congenial, entered a general store as a partner. After six years he became sole proprietor and for twenty-eight years conducted merchandising in northern Vermont at Craftsbury and Lyndon. Not alone through the trying panic of 1873 did Mr. Hidden steadily and successfully carry on his mercantile business, but he was prepared by prudent forethought for the changes that come in business life, always meeting his obligations on time, and he established an enviable reputation as an honorable, reliable man and won a high standing in business circles.

Success attended his efforts but about 1889 Mr. Hidden heard and heeded the call of the west. Arriving in Vancouver, Washington, on the 3d of January, he soon afterward secured a tract of land adjoining the city and, developing a large orchard thereon, for a number of years engaged in horticultural pursuits, retiring from all business cares, however, in 1904. The following year he removed to Portland, where he has since resided. The proximity of Vancouver to Portland, however, practically made him a resident before, for with its activities and upbuilding he was interested, rejoicing in the progress that marked the development of the city and this section of the country.

On the i8th of September, 1867, Mr. Hidden was united in marriage to Miss Maria Louise Trenholm, of Trenholmville, Kingsey, province of Quebec, Canada. The Trenholm family is one of the old and distinguished families of the Dominion. Edward Trenholm, father of Mrs. Hidden, was an inventor who patented in England, Canada and the United States the rotary snow plough and endless chain elevator. His sons, Dr. E. H. Trenholm, now deceased, and Judge N. W. Trenholm, of Montreal, are recognized as among the most learned and prominent men of the time. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hidden were born four children, Edward Trenholm, Reginald Loomis, Maurice Jackson and Beatrice Charlotte Maria. The eldest and third sons both died in young manhood in Vancouver, Washington. Reginald Loomis Hidden was for years a resident of Portland and known as a leading violinist of the Pacific coast. He married Miss Ada Grace Bulen, a native of Columbus, Ohio, and now resides in that city, where he also occupies a distinguished position as a violinist. The daughter, Beatrice C. M., is now a prominent pianist and teacher of music in Portland.

While living in the east Mr. Hidden held the office of town treasurer in Craftsbury, Vermont, resigning that position on his removal to Lyndon. For a long period he gave his political support to the republican party but in recent years he has been independent and allied with reform movements. Mrs. Hidden is widely and prominently known as a lecturer and writer on reform and sociological questions and is the author of a booklet entitled "Pioneers of Oregon," issued in April, 1910, and of various poems. For many years after her marriage, and until her removal westward, Mrs. Hidden was associated with that galaxy of leaders in reform which assembled yearly in Boston for the meetings of the New England Festival Association. Mary A. Livermore, Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Elizabeth Peabody, Edna B. Cheney, Henry B. Blackwell, William Lloyd Garrison, Jr., Lillian Whiting, T. W. Higginson and scores of other notables were an inspiring body of people to meet. The great questions of temperance and woman's political equality enlisted Mrs. Hidden's sympathy from childhood, when she joined a Band of Hope. Later she became connected with the Daughters of Temperance and subsequently joined the Good Templars, while for the past twenty-five years she has been a member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Equal Suffrage Association. In the last two organizations she has occupied many official positions. She was the organizer of the State Equal Suffrage Association of Vermont and arranged for a series of lectures on equal suffrage throughout the state by Mrs. Hannah Tracy Cutler. At their close a convention was held in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, on the 8th and 9th of November, 1883, which resulted in the formation of a State Equal Suffrage Association. Julia Ward Howe, Lucy Stone and Henry B. Blackwell came from Boston to assist in this work and were the speakers at this convention. Mrs. Hidden was elected president and was active in suffrage work in New England until her removal to the west. For years she served as county and local presidents of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and also acted as state superintendent of Sunday school work in Vermont. After coming to Washington she was elected state vice president, state recording secretary, state organizer.

superintendent of school of methods and county president of the Washington Woman's Christian Temperance Union. In 1899 Mrs. Hidden was elected director of the Vancouver board of education and was made chairman of the same, being the first and only woman ever elected to that position in that city. In 1909 she was elected president of the State Woman's Press Club of Oregon and, having been reelected in 1910, is now serving in that capacity.

When twenty-five years of age Mr. Hidden became a member of the Congregational church and now belongs to Hassalo Congregational church of East Portland. He and his wife are prominent in those social circles where intelligence and true worth are regarded as the passports to good society and are frequently found where the intelligent people of the city are gathered in the discussion of questions of vital significance to the city and the individual.

Mrs. W. H. Gray

Side by side with the fathers, husbands and brothers who constituted the mighty army that conquered the west for civilization stood the women who in spirit were as heroic, whose endurance was as great and whose zeal as untiring as that displayed by the men of the pioneer households. Many of them were reared in eastern homes of culture and refinement, tenderly nurtured and carefully educated. It seems that it would have required sterner stuff to meet the conditions here to be found, but one of the elements in Oregon's splendid citizenship of today is found in the gentle influence and consecrated lives of those eastern bred women. History contains no more thrilling story than the records of their lives and military records present no account of greater fearlessness in the face of danger than is contained in the life story of Mrs. W. H. Gray, who in 1835 came as a missionary to the Oregon country. Her Christian work was "A labor loved and followed to the goal * * * A faith so sure of the divine intent It dignifies the deeds of daily life."

In her maidenhood Mrs. Gray bore the name of Mary Augusta Dix. She was of English lineage and came of the same ancestry as Dorothy A. Dix, the philanthropist. She was born at Ballston Spa, New York, January 2, 1810, and was one of a family of seven daughters who were reared in a Christian home amid refined associations. Her parents took and active interest in church work and it was no unusual thing to see them with their seven daughters seated in the church choir, the mother and daughters dressed in white. The first break in the happy home circle came in February, 1838, when W. H. Gray of Utica, New York, sought the hand of Mary Dix in marriage. He had recently returned from the Oregon country, where he had gone in 1836 with Dr. Marcus Whitman and Rev. H. H, Spalding as secular agent of the missions tney went to establish. She was to be not wife alone but colaborer in this mission field. Not long before the death of Mrs. Gray her daughter, Mrs. Kamm, said to her: "Mother, I have often wondered how, with your education and surroundings, the refinements of life you were accustomed to and your personal habits, you could possibly have made up your mind to marry a man to whom you were a total stranger so short a time before and go with him on such a terrible journey thousands of miles from civilization intO' an unknown wilderness, exposed to countless dangers. Mother, how did you do it?" After a few moments pause her mother replied with earnestness and solemnity: "Carrie, I dared not refuse. Ever since the day I gave myself to Jesus, it has been my daily prayer, 'Lord, what will thou have me to do?' When this question, 'Will you go to Oregon as one of a little band of missionaries to teach the poor Indians of their Savior? was so suddenly proposed to me. I felt that it was the call of the Lord and I could not do otherwise."

The City Of Portland 787

This was the motive that led Mrs. Gray to sever home ties and go with her husband in the work of consecrated Christian service to the far west. By steamer and stage coach they traveled westward until they reached Independence, Missouri, where they were joined by the Rev. Cushing Eells, Rev. Alkanah Walker, Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Smith and Mr. Rogers, who were also to become workers in the missionary field. They planned to make the journey on horseback - a difficult undertaking as well as arduous one in that day when the streams and rivers in the west were unbridged and when little more than an obscure trail marked the way to the coast. The Indians were a constant menace and often surrounded their camp, standing around like great dogs and sometimes even following the party all day. They carried with them tents which served as shelter at night while a buffalo robe and oil cloth blankets constituted their beds. At times their blankets would become heavy with rain and their clothing in the morning would be as damp as when they took it off the night before and when darkness came upon them they pitched their tents, spread the robes upon the ground within and then the piece' of oilcloth. The saddles and loose baggage were arranged neatly about on the walls inside and rolled up blankets served for seats. In the center of the tent a table was spread for the evening meal. At night the cries and howling of wild animals could be heard. When day broke, about 3 130 in the morning, all were astir ; the animals were turned out to feed, breakfast prepared and eaten, the dishes washed, the repacking done, morning pravers were said and they were ready for the journey of another day. They had traveled for one hundred and twenty-nine days after leaving Independence, Missouri, when on the 29th of August, 1838, they reached Whitman mission, where they were joyously greeted by Dr. and Mrs. Whitman and Rev. and Mrs. Spalding, who had been anxiously awaiting them. Mr. and Mrs. Gray became the assistants of Rev. and Mrs. Spalding, who were in charge of the mission at Lapwai. Mrs. Gray earnestly undertook the task of teaching the Indian women and children and soon was instructing a band of fifty or more natives whom she taught under a pine tree until a log schoolhouse could be built. It was a primitive structure with puncheon seats and earth floor. There Mrs. Gray continued her labors until November, 1842. Her well trained voice proved a potent factor in her work. When she first joined in the singing at family prayers Rev. Spalding realized what a power her voice would be in his Sunday worship and requested her to take charge of that part of the service. The Indians, too, were visibly impressed by her singing and spoke of her as "Christ's sister," and told the tale of her music long afterward. No doubt the awakening powers of her voice, coupled with her rare sweetness of character, had much to do with bringing about the great revival among the Nez Perce Indians. Several hundred made confessions of religion and the influence was at least in a degree lasting, for years after Mr. Spalding left that field the Indians in many of the lodges continued to read the Bible, to sing hymns, to pray and return thanks at their meals.

In November, 1840, the Gray family came to the Willamette valley, Mr. Gray having severed his connection with the missions to accept the appointment of secular agent for the Oregon Institute. The journey to the coast was one of untold hardships, the parents, their son and two daughters floating down the Columbia to Clilo in a bateau belonging to the Hudson Bay Company. Believing that the trail would be safer than the turbulent waters of the Columbia near the cascades, Mr. Gray arranged that he and his family should proceed on the backs of Indian ponies, but when they were deep in the mountains they encountered a severe snow storm which not only imperilled their lives but rendered further travel impossible. Some of their Indian guides were then sent to Fort Vancouver for help. At the Columbia the red men found a canoe in which they proceeded down the river and when Dr. McLaughlin heard that a woman and little children were snowbound in the mountains he at "once sent a boat manned by Hudson Bay Company men to their relief. Mrs. Gray's calm faith and belief that all would yet be well served to keep up the courage of the others and as the relief party were making their way up the Columbia, there came to them upon the wings of the wind the strains of a song that she was singing. Thus they directed their course to where the little party were imprisoned. They returned with the family to the river bank where embarkation was made for Fort Vancouver.

From that time forward the work of Mr. and Mrs. Gray proved a strong force in advancing the religious development of Oregon and also the temperance and educational work. Their home was the center from which radiated social and reform movements. In 1846 they assisted in forming on Clatsop plains the first Presbyterian church in the northwest. The strongest influences in life are often the most intangible and who can measure the work of this noble couple who were never contented with second best but cho3e those things which are highest and holiest. Every movement or measure for the promotion of truth, justice and righteousness received their support and many such found their impetus in their home. In 1870 they returned on a visit to their old home in New York, going from Portland to San Francisco and thence across the continent by rail, accomplishing in a few days a journey to which they had devoted months when they made their way on horseback to the Pacific coast thirty-two years before. It has been said of Mrs. Gray that her presence was gentle and dignified. Many there are yet who bear testimony to the nobility of her character. She possessed a pure spirit and a strong soul and was so pacific in her disposition that under the severest tests she remained calm and self-possessed. Her last words were a prayer that her husband, children and friends might join her in the Father's house not made with hands. She passed away at her country home, the Clalskanie farm, December 8, 1881, M^hen nearly seventy-two years of age, survived by her husband and seven of the nine children born unto her. The high sensitiveness of her nature was tempered by a serenity that had its root in an unwavering faith. She never faltered when she believed that the work before her was that which her maker intended that she should do. Of a most quiet, refined nature, her life was a restraining power to the spirit of lawlessness which is too often an element in a new community where an organization of society and of government has not been effected. While her words carried weight and influence, the beauty of her own Christian life and spirit constituted a still stronger power for good.

William Sweeney

When determination and industry enter the list against poverty and obstacles the result is almost certain, for the former qualities are invincible and although the contest may be long, victory is the ultimate result. William Sweeney was numbered among the self-made men who start out empty-handed and by energy and perseverance work their way upward. He was born in Londonderry, County Monaghan, Ireland, October 15, 1830, a son of John and Sarah (Hamilton) Sweeney, the latter of Scotch descent. Both, however, spent their last days on the Emerald isle.

William Sweeney pursued his education in the schools of his native city and in his youthful days worked with his father, who was a farmer. He also traveled extensively in his early manhood, going to China, Australia, the Philippines and other parts of the world. He participated in the Crimean war in an English regiment and his broad and varied experiences gained him an interesting knowledge of the world and its peoples. About 1870 he came to America and made his way to Portland by the isthmus of Panama route. Here he was employed in various ways until he turned his attention to street contracting, in which business he continued during the greater part of his remaining days.

The City Of Portland 791

On the 20th of April, 1876, in Portland, Mr. Sweeney was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Maleff, a daughter of Edward and Mary Ann (Kells) Maleff. Mrs. Sweeney was born in County Cavan, Ireland, where her father followed the occupation of farming. Both he and his wife died in their native country. Mrs. Sweeney came to the United States when about twenty-six years of age and, having relatives living in Illinois, made her way to that state, where she remained for about three years, after which she came to Portland and here gave her hand in marriage to William Sweeney. They began their domestic life on the same corner where Mrs. Sweeney is now living, having at that time a small five-room cottage, which has been replaced by a fine modern residence. At that time there were few neighbors in the immediate vicinity, for this section of the city was then but sparsely settled. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Sweeney were born a son and daughter. William E., of Portland, is now deputy sheriff. He married Mrs. Margaret Viggar, a widow, who by a former marriage had one child, Margaret. Sarah E. became the wife of David Shepherd, of Portland.

Mr. Sweeney became one of the early members of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Portland and was also one of the early and faithful members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he was a strong republican but could never be induced to hold ofifice. Just before he was married he purchased the lot at the corner of Northrup and Fifteenth streets, and there built a little cottage. As the years went by he prospered and became the owner of other real estate which enabled him to leave his widow in comfortable financial circumstances. He died January 24, 1910, and after cremation his ashes were taken to Riverview cemetery. Mrs. Sweeney is a member of the Episcopal church and her many good qualities of heart and mind have made her favorably known. A residence of forty years in Portland brought to Mr. and Mrs. Sweeney a wide acquaintance and during that period they had seen many changes as the small town was converted into a city of metropolitan proportions and conditions.

While making his home at the present time in Los Angeles, California, Charles McGinn was for many years a resident of Portland, actively and successfully engaged in business here in the conduct of an extensive bakery and cracker factory." He dates his residence on the Pacific coast from 1854 and through much of the intervening period has been a well known representative of trade interests in this city.

He was born at Three Rivers in the province of Quebec, Canada, July 13, 1831, a son of Charles and Bridget (Conroy) McGinn, both of whom were of Irish descent. The father, who was a merchant, died during the early boyhood of his son Charles. The community in which they lived was almost entirely composed of French settlers and therefore Charles McGinn very early acquired a knowledge of the French language, speaking it with the fluency of a native son of France. He pursued his education in Nickelett College, just across the river from his native town, and after leaving school devoted his attention to farm work until 1849, when he crossed the border into the United States, hoping to have better opportunities in a country where the spirit of enterprise is more strongly developed. Settling in New York city, he there began teaching French and during the five years of his residence in the eastern metropolis he also learned the baker's trade. About that time, however, the tide of emigration was flowing steadily westward and in 1854 he started for San Francisco as a passenger on the old Star of the West. The journey was by way of the isthmus of Panama and up the Pacific coast to San Francisco, where Mr. McGinn remained for a few months.

The i6th of June, 1854, witnessed his arrival in Portland, where lived some of his relatives who had been writing to him of the advantages and opportunities of the western country, hoping to induce him to come to the northwest. He settled at Oregon City and after a short time removed to Salem but later he joined a stepbrother at Port Oxford, where he followed mining for about a year, and was then obliged to discontinue on account of the shortage of water necessary in mining operations. He then returned to Oregon City and secured employment at the baker's trade with Thomas Charman and Arthur Warner. There he continued until 1856, when he returned to Portland and entered the employ of A. Strong & Company, bakers, with whom he continued until about i860. In that year he embarked in business on his own account, establishing a bakery at the corner of Main and First streets, whence he afterward removed to Madison and First, continuing at that location for fifteen years. Subsequently he conducted his bakery on Washington street, where he remained successfully in business until about 1895, conducting an extensive business as a baker and cracker manufacturer. With the passing years and the growth of the city his trade had steadily increased until it had reached large proportions, returning to him a gratifying annual income that brought him to a position among the men of affluence in this city and permitted of his retirement from active business in 1895. He then established his home at the corner of Twenty-third and Johnson streets, where he lived until 1898, when he removed to California for his health and has since made his home in Los Angeles. He sold his business to his son Edward, who is still conducting it in Portland.

Mr. McGinn was married on the 20th of April, 1858, at Hamilton, Canada, to Miss Anna Maria Hill, a native of that country and a daughter of Michael and Mary (O'Rourk) Hill, who were of Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. McGinn have become the parents of twelve children. Henry E., the eldest, an attorney of Portland, is mentioned elsewhere in this volume. Mrs. J. T. Shea, of Portland, is the second of the family and has nine children : Mrs. Ethel Castleman ; Charles A.; Mrs. Anna Stearns, who has one child, Jane T. ; Mabel; Frank; Ivala; Gilbert; Edmund and Dorothy. The third child in the McGinn family died in infancy, and Gilbert, the fourth, is also deceased. Edward E. is living in Los Angeles. Walter A. is a resident of Oklahoma. Edith M. is with her parents in Los Angeles, John L., of Fairbank, Alaska, married Miss Elsa Searing and they have two children, Laura E. and John, Katherine F. is the wife of a Mr. Butz, of Arizona. Margaret is the wife of a Mr. Stuart, of Los Angeles, and has one child, Virginia. Charles, who was an attorney, is now deceased, and the youngest child died in infancy.

Mr. McGinn has always been a republican, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln. He and his family are all members of the Roman Catholic church. During his long residence in Portland he won the favorable regard of all with whom business or social relations brought him in contact. In his commercial life he established a reputation for enterprise, diligence, careful management and thorough reliability, while in social circles he gained warm friends through his geniality, courtesy and deference for the opinions of others.

A half century has passed since Andrew J. Dufur, Jr., came to Oregon. His father crossed the plains in 1859 and the family came a year later by the water route and the isthmus of Panama. Andrew J. Dufur, Jr., was born in Williamstown, Orange county, Vermont, August 29, 1847, his parents being Andrew J. and Lois (Burnham) Dufur. The father was born in New Hampshire, September 15, 1815, and came of a family of French origin, the name being originally spelled Dufour. At an early period in the colonization of this country the an- cestors had settled in New England. The grandfather, Abel H. Dufur, was a soldier of the war of 1812. The father was a farmer and also engaged in the operation of a lumber mill in Wisconsin following his removal to the middle west. In 1859 he crossed the plains to Oregon and rented a tract of land six miles east of Portland from E. L. Quimby. There he carried on general farming and dairying for two years, when he rented another farm in the same neighborhood, which he occupied for three years. On the expiration of that period he bought the old Quimby donation daim of six hundred and twenty acres and afterward purchased one hundred and sixty acres adjoining. All of the members of the family were partners in the ownership of this place and in the conduct of general farming, stock-raising and dairying interests. The property was sold in 1871 and the different members of the family took up independent interests. The father spent his last days in the home of his son Andrew, there passing away in 1897. The mother, who was born in Vermont on the 7th of April, 1818, was called to her final rest in 1894. In the family were five children : Lucy, who died at the age of fourteen years ; E. B., now a well known attorney of Portland ; Andrew J., of this review ; W. H., who is engaged in the real-estate business in Portland ; and Arabelle, the wife of William Stotts, of Wasco county.

From pioneer days the name of Dufur has figured prominently in connection with the substantial development of Oregon, especially in agricultural lines. While living upon his farm the father was also called to public office, serving as representative from his district in the state legislature in 1862. He was a Union democrat but believed in the supremacy of the federal government. Later he was honored by being named as a commissioner to the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and his life was at all times in harmony with the highest principles of manhood and citizenship. He was numbered among those who have upheld the political and legal status of the state and promoted its material, intellectual and moral progress.

Accompanying his parents on their removal to Wisconsin in early childhood, Andrew J. Dufur of this review was a pupil in the district schools of that state and when his education was completed turned his attention to farming, which has been his life work. He came with his mother, brothers and sisters to Oregon in i860, and was associated with his father and the others of the family in the conduct of their extensive farming, stock-raising and dairying interests until 187 1. The partnership relations of the family were then dissolved and Andrew J. Dufur and his brother E. B. Dufur went east of the mountains and engaged in the sheep business in Wasco county, about fifteen miles from The Dalles. There they purchased four hundred and sixty acres of land and later added to their holdings until at one time their possessions aggregated two thousand acres. The brothers remained in business together for about fifteen years, when E. B. Dufur returned to Portland and took up the profession of law, in which he is still engaged. Andrew J. Dufur, having purchased his brother's mterests, contmued to live upon the ranch until 1899, when he retired from active business life and established his home in the Rose City. He is still the owner of about fifteen hundred acres of land and his son-in-law has charge of the place. While engaging extensively in farming and stock-raising, he laid out the town of Dufur, which was named in his honor, and is now a thriving little village of about five hundred population.

It was on the 2d of May, 1869, in Portland, that Mr. Dufur was united in marriage to Miss Margaret M. Stansbery, a daughter of John and Anna Stansbery. who came to Portland in 1862, making the journey over the plains from Iowa. Both parents spent their last days here and the father devoted his active lite to farming. Mrs. Dufur was born in Scott county, Indiana, and by her marriage has become the mother of three children : Lois, the wife of C. P. Balch,

Mr. Dufur is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 71, at Dufur, m which he has passed all of the chairs. His has been an active life, characterized by intelligent and progressive management of business affairs, and for a considerable period he figured as one of the most prominent representatives of agricultural interests in the Columbia valley. The success which is his is the fitting crown of his labors, having come to him as the logical sequence of his energy, determination and keen business sagacity.

Franklin Ide Fuller

An analyzation of the life record of Franklin Ide Fuller brings to light the fact that no unusual circumstances have played a part in the attainment of his present position of distinction as vice president of the Portland Railway, Light & Power Company. Not by leaps and bounds, but by steady progression has he reached the position which he now occupies, ever recognizing the fact that the present and not the future holds his opportunity. Moreover, an understanding of the Roman maxim, "There is no excellence without labor" early found lodgment in his mind, and therefore upon close application and thorough mastery of every task and preparation for duties of larger responsibility rests his success. He has developed power of organizing that enable him to coordinate forces into a harmonious whole, and his initiative spirit allows him to readily solve intricate problems.

In a review of his life, one is reminded of the statement of Colonel Roosevelt, "that the strongest men of the country are those of eastern birth and training who seek the opportunities of business life in the west." Mr. Fuller is a native of Providence, Rhode Island, and a representative of one of the old New England families. He was born May 29, 1858, a son of Leonard F. and Mary I. Fuller. After mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools of his native city, he turned his attention to civil engineering and became a student in the office of the city engineer of Providence, under whose guidance he received both theoretical and practical training, while his efficiency won him promotion through the various departments in the office through his four years' identification therewith. At the end of that time he entered the railway service and was engaged on location and construction work in the states of New York and Wisconsin.

The year 1883 witnessed Mr. Fuller's arrival in Oregon, and as representative of the Northern Pacific Terminal Company, he was connected in his professional capacity with railway and other improvements then in progress. When the failure of the Northern Pacific improvements under Henry Villard caused the cessation of railway work in the northwest, Mr. Fuller turned his attention to contracting, in which business he continued for four years, giving his attention largely to railway and heavy timber work. He afterward went to Oswego, Oregon, where he spent three years with the Oregon Iron & Steel Company during the construction of its blast furnace and pipe foundry, acting as assistant to the manager of the company and later as manager of the foundry. On the expiration of that period he devoted a year to the real-estate business, and in 1892 entered the field in which he has since been engaged, becoming manager of the Portland Cable Railway Company, Since that time he has been one of the most important factors in the development of street railway interests in this city. The company later became the Portland Traction Company, and he occupied the position of manager until 1900, when the Portland Traction Company and the Portland Railway Company amalgamated their interests, Mr. Fuller then becoming general manager of the latter and so continuing until 1904, when consolida- tion was effected between the Portland Railway Company and the City & Suburban Railway Company, forming the Portland Consolidated Railway Company. Mr. Fuller remained in the position of general manager for a year, at the end of which time the properties were purchased by the Clark & Seligman interests of Philadelphia and New York, at which time the Portland Railway Company was organized with Mr. Fuller as its president. He continued as its chief executive officer until the Portland Railway, Light & Power Company was formed, of which he became the vice president.

The Successful American has said of him: "No man in Portland has such a complete knowledge of the development of the street railway system of the city as Mr. Franklin Ide Fuller, vice president of the Portland Railway, Light & Power Company, a large corporation. For the past fourteen years Mr. Fuller has been directing the street railway lines of Portland, and has been the man who, more than any other, brought the traction lines to their present excellent condition. None other has had so large a part in the development of the surface lines from horse and cable car service to modern, powerful electric cars of the latest pattern. Under Mr. Fuller's direction the city street car lines have kept pace with the growth of the city, until Portland is acknowledged to have a service on its traction lines second to no city in the country. A scenic line has been built around Portland Heights, and has lately been extended by a loop circling Council Crest, the highest point near the city, which overlooks the city and surrounding country. This line is a very popular one, and vies with the road up Mount Tamalpais in scenic attractiveness."

On the 14th of April, 1886, Mr. Fuller was married in Portland to Miss Anna Jessie Parrish, a daughter of L. M. Parrish, one of the old pioneers of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have one son, Leonard F., who is now a student in the mechanical and electrical engineering department at Cornell University at Ithaca, New York.

The parents are members of the First Presbyterian church, and Mr. Fuller belongs to the Arlington Club and to the Commercial Qub, being one of the board of governors of the latter. He is also a member of the Society of American Engineers and is deeply interested in engineering work. Those who meet him find him an approachable, genial gentleman, always willing to accord courtesy at once to those who visit him in business hours, notwithstanding the fact that his time and attention are largely demanded by the grave railway problems that confront him, the ready solution of which has constituted a potent force in keeping Portland's traction interests at the high standard of service which is today maintained.

Albert B. Rector

Albert B. Rector, a contractor and merchant of Vancouver, Washington, is a native of Norwich, New York, where he was born March 10, 1872. He was reared in the parental home and received his education in the public schools of his native town. During his boyhood the family removed to Ohio and after two years' residence in that state came west to St. Louis, Missouri. He began his business career as salesman for Culver Brothers, stove manufacturers, of St. Louis, continuing in the Missouri metropolis for four years. Having gained a fair knowledge of the business and desirous of seeing more of the world, he went to San Francisco in 1892, there continuing in the employ of the St. Louis firm, being identified with the collection department. In 1896 he was sent by the firm to Oregon and remained in its employ until 1901, making a total period of thirteen years with the firm with which he began business.

During this time his services had been eminently satisfactory to his employers, but he desired to enter a new field, and going to Mentone, California, he engaged in the orange raising business until 1904, when he sold out and returned north to Oregon. After serving for one year in the employ of the Moore Lumber Company, he was identified with A. Wolfif & Company of Silverton, Oregon, until 1906, when he entered into partnership with the firm of Sanborn, Cutting & Company and came to Vancouver to take charge of their teaming and contracting business at this point. In September, 1907, he acquired the ownership of the Vancouver interests of the firm, which he conducted until August, 1908, since which time he has been senior partner of the firm of Rector & Daly, the junior member being Charles Daly. The firm also operates in Portland as Wilson, Rector & Daly. The firm deals extensively in contracting, street grading, teaming and also in the coal, sand and gravel business. It carries eighty men upon its payrolls and gives employment to forty teams, and is one of the flourishing concerns of western Oregon.

At St. Paul, March 3, 1908, Mr. Rector was united in marriage to Miss Maude Coile and one child has been born of the union, Herman Daly Rector. Mr. Rector is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Improved Order of Red Men. He came to the Pacific coast eighteen years ago and for the last five years has been in business on his own responsibility. He has demonstrated a zeal and business talent that are among the prominent traits of successful men. In a calling that is perfectly congenial to his mind, he is making excellent progress and his name is associated with a substantial and growing business that gives promise of large development in the years to come.

Robert Williams

Robert Williams, a veteran of the Indian wars of the northwest, as well as of the civil war, and later continuously connected with the military service of the country until honorably retired on the 28th of April, 1896, has through much of this period been identified with the northwest. The history of the military events of this section in both its prosaic and poetical phase, is indeed familiar to him. A native of North Wales, he was born in the parish of Llanfair, Anglesey, May 13, 1834, the eldest of a family of five sons and a daughter. In March, 1850, he started for the new world, landing at New York on the 6th of April, 1850, as a passenger on the American ship Washington. He at once went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he had an uncle living with whom he resided, and by whom he was employed at slate roofing for the period of a year. His uncle, who was also his guardian, then indentured him for a period of five years to learn the tinsmith's trade, and although he did not find this a congenial pursuit, he nevertheless became a fair mechanic.

Having always evinced a great love for military life, this taste, combined with a romantic disposition, led Mr. Williams finally to enlist in the United States army, February 28, 1855, at Philadelphia. A few days afterward he and several other recruits were sent to Governor's Island, in New York harbor, and on the 5th of May left there with a detachment of one hundred and fifty recruits assigned to the Fourth United States Infantry on duty in California, Oregon and Washington. They were passengers on the steamer George Law until Aspinwall was reached, and thence by rail they proceeded across the isthmus of Panama, where they embarked on the Pacific mail steamship Golden Gate, for San Francisco, where they arrived about the ist of June. There they took passage on the steamer Columbia for Fort Vancouver, Washington, arriving at their destination on the 7th of June. Mr. Williams was assigned to Company H, Fourth United States Infantry, commanded by Captain Henry D. Wallen, a strict martinet, but a very efficient officer, who prided himself on the fact that he had the best drilled company in that famous old regiment, which then had many dis- tinguished officers on its roll, several of whom made brilliant military records in the civil war, including Captain U. S. Grant, Captain C. C. Augur, Captain A. D. Russell, Captain George Crook, Captain Hunt, Captain Henry D. Wallen, Lieutenant Phil H. Sheridan, Lieutenant Robert McFeely, Lieutenant Henry C. Hodges and others. It was fortunate for Mr. Williams that he was assigned to such a well drilled company. It taught him to be a competent drill instructor and commander of arms, and proved to be of great benefit to him when the war of the rebellion began.

In the fall of 1855 nearly all of the Indian tribes in the northwest, headed by the powerful and warlike Yakimas, united in formidable force and made war upon the settlements of Oregon and Washington territory. The fighting between the soldiers and Indians was at times of a serious and desperate character. 'Mr. Williams participated in the Yakima campaign of 1855 under command of Major Gabriel Rains, Fourth United States Infantry, which had its first skirmish with the Indians at a gap in the mountain range through which the Yakima river flows. The river was at that time very high, swift and impassible for infantry. The Indians had gathered there in strong force to resist the crossing of the troops but a small body of dragoons, under command of Lieutenant Phil H. Sheridan succeeded in crossing, notwithstanding the strenuous resistance of the red men. The latter then fled, but were pursued by Lieutenant Sheridan and a small force for a distance of a mile or more, but a large force of the Indians defiantly remained on the tops of the mountains, confronting the troops and opposing their further advance into their country. However, they were driven out by the troops before darkness set in, but by daylight were back in large numbers, occupying the mountain tops and determined to fight and oppose any further progress of the soldiers into their country. Two companies of infantry were ordered to ascend the mountain as was done on the previous afternoon. The troops succeeded in dislodging the enemy in gallant style. The Oregon Volunteer Infantry, commanded by Colonel Nesmith, immediately flanked the position held by the Indians, upon the discovery of which movement they fled to their fastness as speedily as their horses could take them. The command then quietly proceeded on its journey to the Catholic mission. A snowfall of six inches deprived the horses and mules of pasturage and thus the troops were prevented from prosecuting the war until the following spring. The regular troops returned tO' their respective stations at The Dalles, Fort Vancouver and the Presidio in San Francisco. Shortly afterward Sergeant Mathew Kelley, Company H, Fourth United States Infantry, and eight privates, Mr. Williams being among the number, were sent on detached service to occupy and garrison a small blockhouse on the north bank of the Columbia, about a mile and a quarter below the upper Cascades and opposite the foot of the rapids swirling down from the great falls of the upper Cascades. This was known as the middle blockhouse - a very important point in the line of travel, over which all supplies for all points up or down the river had to be transported. The Indians, thoroughly aware of the importance of this point, had mustered a large force of warriors and made a simultaneous and unexpected attack upon the settlement at the upper Cascades and upon the blockhouse at the middle Cascades at about eight o'clock on the morning of March 26, 1856. They held both places and the entire portage besieged until the morning of the third day, when two hundred and ten men, under Lieutenant Col. Edward J. Steptoe, Ninth United States Infantry, arrived from Fort Dalles, Oregon, in relief of the settlers, and recaptured the portage.

It was while endeavoring to get relief to the imperiled detachment at the middle blockhouse and to recapture the portage that Lieutenant Sheridan, who was in command of forty men of Company H, Fourth United States Infantry from Fort Vancouver, gave the first intimation of his afterward brilliant military career. His name was mentioned in paragraph eight, general orders No. 14. of 1857, for special gallantry in performing that duty. Sergeant Mathew Kelley and those under his command were credited with like special gallantry in paragraph four of the same general orders. The casualties were: "Citizens, ten killed.

ten wounded ; soldiers killed, three, and wounded, two ; Indians captured by- Lieutenant Sheridan's command No. 28, nine of whom were found guilty by the military commission which tried them of being active leaders in the atrocious massacre." They were executed immediately thereafter by hanging. The full account of the tragic affair was written by Mr. Williams and published in the Sunday Oregonian of November 15, 1896. He was honorably discharged from the United States army, February 28, i860, at Fort Cascades, Washington territory. He then went upon a visit to Wales, his native country, and also traveled extensively through England and Scotland. When at Edinburgh he became acquainted with Miss Elizabeth J. Turnbull, a daughter of Walter and Agnes Turnbull, of Kelso, Scotland, and they were married by the Rev. A. K. H. Boyd, of St. Bernard's parish, June 7, i860. They left the next day for the United States and made their home on a farm near Hazelton, Buchanan county, Iowa, from July, i860, until November, 1877.

In response to President Lincoln's call for seventy-five thousand men to serve for ninety days in suppressing the rebellion of seceding states against the government, Mr. Williams enlisted at Dubuque, Iowa, April 22. 1861, in the Governor's Grays, which subsequently became Company I of the First Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He was assigned to the position of drill instructor of the company from the time it received its arms until it was ordered into the field of war. He participated in the battle of Wilson creek, Missouri, August 10, 1861, where the gallant and lamented Gen. Nathaniel Lyon lost his life, and 'Mr. Williams was slightly wounded in the leg. He then joined the Twelfth Iowa Infantry October 29, 1861, and was elected second lieutenant of Company E on that day, promoted to first lieutenant on March 6, 1863, and to captain May 28, 1863. He participated in the engagements at Fort Donelson, Tennessee, February 15, 1862; Shiloh, April 6, 1862 ; Jackson, Mississippi, May 14, 1863 ; Vicksburg, from May 1 8th to July 4, 1863 ; Jackson, Mississippi, again when they captured it a second time; Tupelo, July 14-15, 1864; and was verbally complimented by Major E. M. Vanduzee on his retirement for gallantry in the last action for engaging and retarding, while on the skirmish line, the advance of the rebel column. He was taken prisoner at the close of the first day's battle at Shiloh and confined in the Confederate prison pens for six months, there suffering indescribable hardships and privations. He was paroled at Libby prison October 13, 1862.

After engaging in farming in Iowa for about fifteen years, Captain Williams joined the ordinance department of the United States army November 28, 1877, and was appointed sergeant of ordinance on that date. He served continuously in the grade until the day of his retirement April 28, 1896, and continues to hold that rank at the present time.

The children of Mr. and Mrs. Williams are: Mrs. Mary J. Anderson and Arthur E, Williams of 397 Twelfth street, Portland, Oregon ; Charles R. Williams, residing at No. 765, Second street, Portland; and Mrs. Agnes E. Tooley, 712 Twelfth street, Vancouver.

Phillip J. Zeller

The name of Phillip J. Zeller, now deceased, was long associated with the grocery trade in Portland and a spirit of enterprise characterized him in all of his business transactions. He was a native of Berncastel, Prussia, Germany, bom January 25, 1838, and a son of Jacob J. Zeller. His mother died when he was very small. His father, who was a butcher by trade, continued to reside in Germany until his demise.

Phillip J. Zeller attended school there and was in the postal service for some time. No mere fancy or spirit of adventure brought him to America, the matured judgment of manhood prompting this step. He carefully considered the possi- bilities for advancement in his native land and in the new world, and his judgment spoke in favor of the latter, so in 1870 he came with his wife Jind children to the United States, landing at New York. From that point he went to Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, where he worked for a time in the employ of others, and then engaged in business on his own account as a clothing merchant. For about ten years he remained in that place and devoted a part of the time to the conduct of a grocery store. He afterward spent a year in Wisconsin on account of his health becoming greatly impaired and physicians advising him to leave Pennsylvania. Removing to Michigan, he was engaged in the grocery business for seven years at Menominee. The year 1889 witnessed his arrival in Oregon, at which time he took up his abode in Portland and opened a grocery store at the corner of Fremont and Mississippi avenue. There he built a business block and carried on his store therein until 1898, when he retired and turned his business over to his son, who was proprietor of the store until 1906, when he sold out.

Mr. Zeller was married in Germany, June 27, 1864, to Miss Josephine D'idas, a daughter of Urban and Frances Didas, natives of that country. On account of his wife's health Mr. Zeller took her to Germany in 1874, but she died there. They had three children: Frances, now of Portland; A. R., of Portland, who married Helen Sharkey and has three children, Phillip, Rudolph and Marie ; and Elizabeth, who died at the age of six years.

The death of Mr. Zeller occurred July 20, 1910, and his remains were interred in Mount Calvary cemetery. In his political views he was an earnest democrat from the time that he became a naturalized. American citizen, but he would never consent to become a candidate for office. /^^He wa§^a communicant of the Catholic faith and his life was in consistent' harmony therewith. In business his close application and unfaltering energy were the basis of his 'success and his life is a practical illustration of the possibilities for accomplishment on this side of the Atlantic, where labor is unhampered by caste or class.

James S. Church

James S. Church, who has for the past twenty-seven years been engaged in the sawmill business in western Oregon, was born at Afton, Wisconsin, August 20, 1858. He was educated in the common schools, but at the age of eighteen years set out to seek his fortune in the west. Oregon presented an attractive field for a young man looking for work and eager to take advantage of any opportunities for advancement that might appear. He began in a sack factory at Albany, which was in charge of Wheeler Church, an uncle. Later he engaged in steamboating and as bookkeeper for A. J. Richardson, a wheat buyer, at Buena Vista. It was in this place that he gained his first, knowledge of the milling business, to which he has devoted his attention successfully for many years. In 1883 he came to what is now Albina and associated with C. P. Church and Joseph Delay in a large sawmill, producing most of the lumber that was used in the construction of the Portland Flouring Mill. After the completion of the mill he entered the employ of the company with which he has since remained.

On the 27th of December, 1879, Mr. Church was united in marriage to Margaret E. Smith, a daughter of Dr. J. A. and Eliza J. Smith, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Nine children were born of this union, of whom seven are now living: Charles, who is associated with his father in the mill; Ethel C, now Mrs. Scott Kent ; Bernice, the wife of Dorr B. Wagoner ; Mildred L. ; Steven A. ; Wilmot F. ; and Oliver S.

Mrs. Church is a niece of William Hampton Smith, a pioneer of 1859, who crossed the plains, starting from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, of which city the father of Mr. Smith was one of the founders. A large party was made up for the journey, but many difficulties arose in the long and toilsome trip across the plains and mountains and before the end was reached many members of the party were claimed by sickness and death. The survivors came by way of California and located at Eugene, Oregon, where Mr. Smith found employment as clerk in a store and teacher in the village school. In the fall of 1865, with his father and brothers, he started the Oregon Pottery Company, the first manufactory of stoneware that was launched in the northwest. After several years' connection with this enterprise he left Eugene and located at Fort Clatsop in Clatsop county, where he resided until 1882, when he reentered the pottery business, founding at Portland the Western Clay Manufacturing Company, which under his management became highly successful. Mr. Smith was a man of unusual mental power and an original thinker in many lines. At the time of his death, July 13, 1910, in his seventy- fourth year, he had completed five books which were ready for publication. The list includes a geological work, a political work and a volume containing reminiscences of his trip across the plains and two works of fiction. He was always a public-spirited man and a profound believer in the effect of education in elevating the life and character of the individual.

Mr. Church is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Artisans, and both he and Mrs. Church are members of the Patton Methodist Episcopal church. In his various duties as head of the family and as a citizen of an enterprising community he has performed an honorable part, and he has many friends who regard him as a safe counselor and one whose example is even more effective than words.

John E. Stansbery

John E. Stansbery was numbered among the early settlers who established homes on the present site of Portland when it was little dreamed that the boundaries of the city would cover what was then farm and timber land. In the district known as Woodlawn he carried on agricultural pursuits for a number of years and was numbered among those who laid the foundation for the more recent development and upbuilding of the district.

He was born in Clark county, Indiana, April 14, 1825. His parents, J. E. and Esther (Stucker) Stansbery, were early settlers of that county and it was there that their son John pursued his education as a pupil in the pioneer schoools. After putting aside his text-books he learned the cooper's trade and also followed farming, to which occupation he had been reared, early becoming his father's assistant in the work of the fields. In earnest toil, in which there were also hours of recreation, his youth was passed, and in the period of early manhood, when twenty-three years of age, he was married and later removed to Wayne county, Iowa, where he took up land from the government and made his home for a short time. Subsequently he removed to Jefferson county, that state, where he resided until 1862, when he brought his family to Oregon.

Like many of the emigrants who had preceded him, he crossed the plains with an ox team, and the long, hard journey was concluded by his arrival in Portland in September, 1862. Soon afterward he went to Hillsboro, where he lived for a year, when he returned to Portland and about that time purchased a donation claim which now covers the site of Woodlawn. Upon that place he took up his abode It had but slight improvements upon it. There was a small house made of split wood and the kitchen had only a hard dirt floor. In that the family began keeping house, but as soon as possible Mr. Stansbery erected a fine residence. With characteristic energy he began the improvement of his farm, converting the wild land into productive fields, from which he annually gathered good crops. His labors were of a practical and progressive character and transformed his farm into a fine place.