Portland, Oregon - Portland, Oregon, Its History and Builders : in Connection with the An (part 7 of 25)

Dr. King is a western man by birth, training and experience. He was born in Stearns county, Minnesota, September 26, 1861. His father, Eli B. King, is a native of New York, has devoted his life to farming, and is now living in Monticello, Minnesota, where he is numbered among the pioneers, having located there fifty-six years ago. He is now living retired, having reached the age of eighty years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Adelia Burns, was born in Dundalk, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish lineage, and became a resident of the state of New York when twelve years of age. She has now passed the seventy-ninth milestone on life's journey. Three of the children of Eli B. and Adelia King are living: Lorin U. and Mrs. Mason Allen, both of St. Paul, Minnesota; and J. C. Elliott King, of this review.

As a pupil in the public schools. Dr. King pursued his early education, and later entered the State University of Minnesota, from which he was graduated with the B. A. degree in 1886. For a year he engaged in teaching at Elk River, Minnesota, and afterward took up the study of medicine, completing his course in the Northwestern University Medical School, which conferred upon him his professional degree upon his graduation with the class of 1890. He spent eight months as interne in St. Luke's Hospital, being appointed to the position as the result of his first grade in a competitive examination. He also took an examination with the graduating class in science, literature and medicine, and for his excellent scholarship received a cash prize of fifty dollars.

Removing to Salt Lake City, Dr. King there began practice, continuing for thirteen years, and his high standing among his professional brethren is indicated by the fact that he was honored with the presidency of the city and county medical society. He was also chosen secretary of the state medical society, served on the staff of St. Mark's Hospital, and during the last four years was health commissioner of the city. Deciding to further equip himself for his life work, he then went to Europe and pursued post-graduate studies in skin diseases in Vienna, Berlin and Breslau, and also visited clinics in Paris and London. On his return in the summer of 1904, he located in Portland, since which time he has given his attention entirely to his profession. He has served in this connection on the staff of the county hospital, and is a lecturer on skin diseases in the medical department of the University of Oregon. Feeling that progress should be the watchword of the profession at all times, he keeps in touch with the great truths which science is constantly revealing, through his membership in the Multnomah County, Oregon State and American Medical Associations. Aside from his practice, he is interested in fruit growing, owning two hundred acres of land at Eagle Creek, Oregon, where he has planted an apple orchard, and also walnut trees, making his summer home there.

for twelve years state superintendent of public instruction in Minnesota and later a professor in the University of Minnesota, of which Mrs. King is a graduate. Unto Dr. and Mrs. King have been born three children: Rachel, Constance and David, aged respectively eighteen, sixteen and five years.

The family reside at No. 227 East Sixtieth street, in Mount Tabor, and are members of the Mount Tabor Presbyterian church, of which Dr. King is a trustee. His political views led to his indorsement of the candidates of the republican party. He belongs to the Sons of the American Revolution, also to the Phi Delta Theta, a college fraternity, and to the Arlington Club, and engaging social qualities have won him prominence in that direction, while his comprehensive study and native ability have gained him distinction in the professonal field.

John Burke Congle

Among the names of distinguished men of the earlier days of Oregon, the name which appears at the head of this record should not be omitted. A pioneer of the early '50s, he assisted materially in the development of what was previously almost a wilderness, and twenty-three years ago he was called from the midst of a useful career by death. He will be remembered as one of the builders of the northwest, and an unselfish citizen of wealth and influence, who made use of his opportunities and talents for the advancement of the entire community.

Mr. Congle was born December 9, 1817, in Chester county, Pennsylvania. He was educated in the public schools, and at fifteen years of age went to Philadelphia, where he learned the harness and saddlery trade. Having completed his trade, he lived for a short time in Virginia, thence going to Missouri, which was just beginning to attract emigration from the older settled portions of the country. In 1841 he located in La Fayette, Indiana, which continued to be his home for a number of years.

The California gold excitement interfered with the plans of many aspiring young men, and Mr. Congle joined the train across the plains in 1849 ^^^ thus became identified with the argonauts whose stories of wealth in the golden sands of the Pacific aroused the entire country to dreams of sudden fortune. In 185 1 he returned to La Fayette and two years later again crossed the plains with Marysville (now Corvallis), Oregon, as his destination. There he made his home for eight years and became prominently identified with public affairs. He was the first mayor of Marysville and discharged his duties so acceptably that in 1857 he was elected sheriff of Benton county. As his business interests required close attention, he resigned the office at the end of three 'months to the great regret of many friends whom he had made in the county.

In 1861 Mr. Congle removed to Portland, which became his permanent home. For many years he was a leading business man in this city and, although he was never a seeker for public office, he served as councilman of the second ward in 1870, and in 1872 was chosen representative to the state legislature from Multnomah county. Other positions of responsibility and trust he discharged with a faithfulness that received the hearty approval of the entire community. At La Fayette, Indiana, he had become identified with the Masonic order, and after coming to Oregon he became prominent in its councils. In 1874 and 1875 he acted as grand master of Masons in this state, and in 1879 ^^^ 1880 was elected to the office of high priest in the order.

On the 21 st of May, 1844, Mr. Congle was united in marriage to Miss Ellen H. Gray, at La Fayette, Indiana, who later crossed the plains with her husband to the northwest. Two daughters were born to them, one of whom is Mrs. G. A. Sollars, of this city, and the other is the deceased wife of Hon. Richard

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Williams, ex-member of congress from Oregon. Her death occurred May 31, 1904. These ladies were prominently identified with the most refined social circles of the state. Mrs. Congle was one of the organizers of the Children's Home of the Ladies' Relief Society of this city, the first institution of the kind in Oregon, and gave much attention to works of beneficence and charity.

Mr. Congle departed this life April 7, 1888. He was always loyal to the interests of his state, and no man was more zealous in the upbuilding of the coast region. He was a man of great perseverance and industry, and one whose distinguished ability could have gained him prominence in any vocation of life. His success was due not only to business talent, but to an unsullied reputation, which he valued more than riches and which he regarded as of more worth than all the power that wealth could buy.

Hon. George E. Chamberlain

George E. Chamberlain was born near Natchez, Mississippi, January i, 1854, and was named in honor of a paternal uncle, George Earle, one of the distinguished residents and lawyers of Maryland and assistant postmaster-general of the United States during President Grant's first term. Mr. Chamberlain comes of an ancestry honorable and distinguished, and his own lines of life have been cast in harmony therewith. A contemporary biographer has said : "The qualities which have given him an eminent position in the public life of the northwest are his by inheritance from a long line of capable, scholarly and untarnished ancestors."

The first representatives of the name on American soil came from England and established homes in Massachusetts and Pennsylvania during the early colonial epoch in our country's history. Dr. Joseph Chamberlain, the grandfather of George E. Chamberlain, who was a native of Delaware, ranked with the foremost physicians of Newark, that state. The lady whom he married also came of a prominent pioneer family. Her uncle, Charles Thomson, who served as secretary of the continental congress from 1774 to 1789, was born in Ireland, of Scotch lineage, November 29, 1729. Accompanied by his brothers and sisters, he settled at Newcastle, Delaware, in 1741, and there became a teacher in the Friends Academy. In 1758 he was one of the agents appointed to treat with the Indians at Oswego, and while there was adopted by the Delawares, who conferred upon him an Indian name meaning, "One who speaks the truth." The possessor of literary ability, he left his imprint upon the literature of his age through his "Harmony of the Five Gospels," a translation of the Old and New Testaments, and an inquiry into the cause of the alienation of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians. His private file of letters containing communications written to him while secretary of the continental congress and before that time, is among the most valued possessions of Mr. Chamberlain and contains letters from all the leading men of that day. Charles Thomson Chamberlain, son of Dr. Joseph Chamberlain, was a native of Newark, Delaware, and in preparation for the practice of medicine, pursued a course in Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, from which he was duly graduated. He located for practice in Jefiferson county, Mississippi, in 1837, and later moved to Natchez, that state, and there his ability won him recognition in the extensive and important practice that was accorded him. He was very careful in diagnosis and skilled in treatment, and his broad reading and research kept him at all times in close touch with the most advanced thought and methods of the profession. That his work had its base in a broad humanitarianism was shown in his devotion to yellow fever patients in 1871. when Dr. Chamberlain night and day devoted his time to the treatment of those who were stricken, until at last he became a victim to the disease and died October 29, 1871. In early manhood he had wedded Pameha H. Archer, a native of Harford county, Maryland, and until her death December 30, 1910, was a resident of Natchez, Mississippi. Her father was Hon. Stevenson Archer, a native of Harford county, who completed his education by graduation from Princeton College in 1805 and afterward entered upon the practice of law. He served in congress from 181 1 to 1817 from Maryland and in the latter year accepted an appointment from President Madison as judge of Mississippi territory with gubernatorial povi^ers and resigned later. From 1819 until 1821 he again represented his district in congress, where he was a member of the committee on foreign affairs. In 1825 he was elected one of the justices of the court of appeals of Maryland, which office he held until his death in 1848, at which time he was chief justice. His father, Dr. John Archer, was a native of Harford county, Maryland, born in 1741. After graduating at Princeton in 1760, he studied for the ministry, but throat trouble rendering pulpit work inadvisable, he turned his attention to medicine. The first medical diploma ever issued in the new world was given to him by the Philadelphia Medical College. He was elected a member of the convention which framed the constitution and bill of rights of Maryland. At the commencement of the Revolutionary war he had command of a military company, the first enrolled in Harford county, and was a member of the state legislature. After the war he practiced his profession and several important discoveries in therapeutics are credited to him. In 1801 he was a presidential elector and from 1801 to 1807 was a member of congress from Maryland. His death occurred in 1810. The Archer family is of Scotch-Irish descent and was represented among the earliest settlers of Harford county, where for generations they wielded wide influence. It is worthy of record that the portrait of Hon. Stevenson Archer appears among those distinguished men of Maryland placed in the new courthouse in Baltimore, that state, and also adorns the courthouse in his native county ; while that of his father, Dr. John Archer, is on the walls of the state capitol at Annapolis.

George Earle Chamberlain devoted his boyhood days to the acquirement of an education in the schools of Natchez. He put aside his text-books in 1870 when a youth of sixteen years to enter upon a clerkship in a mercantile store. Two years were devoted to commercial pursuits, but preferring a professional career, he resumed his studies as a pupil in the Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Virginia, in which he pursued the regular course of study, winning the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Law upon his graduation in June, 1876. Almost immediately afterward he returned to Natchez, where he continued until the 7th of November, but thinking that he might have better opportunities in the growing northwest, he came to Oregon and since the 6th of December, 1876, has been a resident of this state. From the obscure position as a teacher of a country school in 1878, he gradually worked his way upward until he became the chief executive of the commonwealth, and is today recognized as one of Oregon's eminent lawyers. In the latter part of the year 1877 he was appointed deputy clerk of Linn county, and thus served until the summer of ' 1879. In 1880 he was elected to represent Linn county in the lower house of the general assembly. In the meantime, he had entered upon the active practice of law, and in 1884 was elected district attorney for the third judicial district of Oregon. Fie was appointed by the governor to the office of attorney-general of Oregon on the creation of that position in May, 1891. At the succeeding general election, he was chosen by popular sufl^rage to the office as the democratic candidate, receiving a majority of about five hundred, a fact which indicated that he ran at least ten thousand, five hundred votes ahead of his ticket, for the normal republican majority in Oregon at that time was about ten thousand. In 1900, having previously taken up his residence at Portland, he was chosen district attorney of Multnomah county by a majority of eleven hundred and sixty-two, overcoming the usual republican majority of four thousand.

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In 1902, entirely unsolicited on his part, the democrats in convention nominated him by acclamation as a candidate for governor, and the ensuing election proved v^hat American history has again and again demonstrated, that the American pubhc will support men of tried political and personal integrity and ability regardless of political affiliation. Oregon was considered a repubhcan state, but at the ensuing election he polled two hundred and fifty-six votes more than the republican candidate, although in the congressional election the republican victory amounted to fifteen thousand. He was again nominated by his party for governor in 1906 and defeated his opponent by twenty-five hundred majority, serving until March, 1909, when he resigned to accept the position of United States senator, to which he was elected in January, 1909, by a legislature overwhelmingly republican. Few men in public office have possessed greater strength among the people. Air. Chamberlain's course, however, has at all times commanded public confidence, for he has wisely and conscientiously used the talents with which nature has endowed him, placing the welfare of the commonwealth before personal aggrandizement or party interests.

Mr. Chamberlain was married in Natchez, Mississippi, May 21, 1879, to Miss Sallie N. Welch, who was born near Natchez, in Louisiana, and is a descendant of New England ancestry represented in the Revolutionary war. Her father, A. T. Welch, who was born in Massachusetts, moved to the south and became the owner of a large plantation in Concordia parish, Louisiana. His family later moved to Natchez, Mississippi, where Mrs. Chamberlain attended school, graduating from the Natchez Institute. She is active in the work of Calvary Presbyterian church, of which she is an honored member. To Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain have been born seven children, six of whom are now living: Charles Thomson, a graduate of Cooper Medical College of San Francisco and later a post-graduate of New York Polyclinic and New York Ophthalmic. He married Miss Deborah Boatner of Louisiana, and is practicing his profession as a specialist in diseases of the nose, throat, eye and ear at Portland, Oregon. Lucie Archer married George F. Blair and resides at Jackson, Michigan. Marguerite married H. R. Gaither of Natchez, Mississippi, and resides at Portland, Oregon. Carrie Lee, George Earle, Jr., and Fannie W. complete the family.

Mr. Chamberlain belongs to the Commercial Club, the Multnomah Amateur Athletic Club and the Oregon State Historical Society. He is a life member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and has served as exalted ruler of the Portland lodge. He is past chancellor of Laurel Lodge No. 7, K. P., at Albany, and is a prominent Mason, having been initiated into the order in St. John's Lodge No. 62, F. & A. M. at Albany, from which he afterward transferred his membership to Willamette Lodge No. 2, at Portland. He took the degrees of capitular Masonry in Bailey Chapter No. 8, R. A. M., at Albany, and in addition to filling a number of the offices in that organization, is past grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Oregon. He is also a past eminent commander of Temple Commandery No. 3, at Albany, has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite in Oregon Consistory No. i, at Portland, and is one of the Nobles of Al Kader Temple of Portland. Appreciative of the social amenities of life, Mr. Chamberlain holds friendship inviolable, and throughout Oregon the number of his friends is legion. Public confidence and trust are reposed in him to a notable extent, and even his political enemies never question the integrity of his motives or the honesty of his purposes. His broad Americanism, his sympathetic understanding of the perplexing problems of human society, his abiding sense of justice and his deep insight into the vital relations of our complex civilization have already won him the admiration and esteem of the people at large, while in his own state he enjoys in unusual measure the warm personal regard and friendship of the great majority of those who know him. Mr. Chamberlain has been peculiarly honored in one respect,

Alfred Hovenden

Alfred Hovenden, deceased, who was one of the extensive landowners of this part of the state and an Oregon pioneer of 1849, was born in Kent, England, August 26, 1824, a son of George and Hephzibah Hovenden, whose ancestral history can be traced back through authentic records as far as 1500. Thomas Hovenden, born at Borden, was baptized March 4, 1672. The family through successive generations occupied one house at Borden for over three hundred , years. The name of some branches of the family has been spelled Overden,

Alfred Hovenden attended school in England and engaged in farming with his father until 1844, when at the age of twenty years he came with a brother to America, settling first in Illinois, where he worked on a farm. His father soon afterward crossed the Atlantic and both he and his wife died \n Illinois. The year 1849 witnessed the arrival of Alfred Hovenden in Oregon. He made the journey over the plains with ox teams, experiencing the usual hardships, trials and dangers of such a trip over roads at times almost impassable, while at times the trail was most dimly defined. There was always the danger of Indian attack and when traveling over the arid plains there were times when it was difficult to obtain an adequate supply of water for the people and for the stock. At length, however, Mr. Hovenden reached his destination in safety and secured and settled upon a donation claim about a mile from the site of the present town of Hubbard in Marion county. There he built a log house, which he occupied for six years, keeping bachelor quarters.

At the end of that time he was married on the 29th of June, 1856, the lady of his choice being Miss Sarah Ann Soden, a daughter of Bartholomew and Anna (Goodall) Soden, who was born on the isle of Tasmania, near Australia, March i, 1839. Her father was a merchant and school teacher there and on leaving Tasmania in 1850 went to Honolulu, where he taught school for two years. He then came to Oregon and took up a claim near Aurora, occupying it for a brief period, after which he removed to Polk county and bought a farm. Both he and his wife died on that place, to the development and cultivation of which he had devoted his energies for many years.

At the time of his marriage Mr. Hovenden built a new log house for his bride and they occupied the farm for about a half century. Ten years after their marriage he replaced the log house by a fine modern residence. He at first took up three hundred and twenty acres of land and to this added by purchase from time to time until he had about a thousand acres, which he devoted to general farming, carrying on his business with gratifying success.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hovenden were born four children. Caroline is now the widow of John O. Dennis and the mother of three children, one son dying in infancy, the others being Bart and Eva H. Emma is the wife of M. L. Jones, Hving near Brooks Station, and they have six children, Mabel L., Ilda E., Gertrude v., Clara F., Ellis H. and Ronald E. Of this number Mabel L. married Anderson Cannon, of Portland, and has one child, Dorothy. Annie married Frank Gilbert, of Portland, and has three sons, Harold S., Alfred C. and Frank W. George, of Portland, married Hattie Hanna and has one child, Grace B.

Mr. Hovenden continued a resident upon his farm until he met death on the loth of December, 1885, being killed in a runaway accident. He was a strong republican but could never be induced to become a candidate for office. His time and attention were concentrated upon his business affairs and through the conduct and improvement of his farm he contributed much to the agricuhural development of the region. Moreover, he cooperated in many movements for the general upbuilding, for he came to Oregon in the early pioneer days, almost before Portland had an existence and when the now rich and populous farming districts were stretches of wild and undeveloped forest land. He performed the arduous task of developing a good farm and as the years went by he continued its cultivation until his fields became very rich and productive. His life was a busy and useful one and gained for him the respect of all who knew him. Mrs. Hovenden continued to reside upon the farm until 1905, when she took up her abode in Portland, where she now makes her home.

Edward Arthur McGrath is one of the real-estate men of Portland whose progressive methods of business are resulting in the substantial upbuilding and improvement of the city, and at the same time promoting individual success. He first came to this city in 1889, and later was in business elsewhere in the northwest, but returned in 1907. He was born upon a farm near Grand Rapids, Michigan, on the 20th of March, 1869, and was reared at Hastings, that state! pursuing his education in the common schools while spending his youthful days in the home of his parents, Thomas and Catherine (Horan) McGrath, both of whom are now deceased. He was twenty years of age when he left the middle west, and came to the coast, arriving in Portland, as previously stated, in 1889. Desirious of becoming a property holder in this section of the country, he took up a homestead in Cowlitz county in the southern part of the state of Washington and devoted three years to the development and improvement of that place. He also became interested in timber lands and engaged in timber cruising during that period. In 1894 he went to Alaska and followed mining at Forty Mile on the Yukon river. He had fair success in his venture there, and with the substantial returns of his labor, again came to Portland in the fall of 1896. At that time he purchased a stock of general merchandise in this city, also fifteen dogs, and with sledges freighted over the Chilcoot Pass in Alaska^ and upon scows which he built, sent his goods down the Yukon to Dawson City.' There he opened a store, becoming one of the early merchants of the place in which he engaged in business until the fall of 1899. He then sold out and returned to Portland. Realizing the value of specific training for the conduct of business affairs, he then attended the commercial college for a time, after which he returned to Nome, Alaska, where he remained until the fall of 1900. During the following eighteen months he traveled in the United States and Canada, studying real-estate and realty values, after which he returned to the northwest, settling in Seattle, where he opened a real-estate office. He was engaged in that business there until 1907, when he once more came to Portland and here opened a real estate office, which he has since conducted, his efforts in this field proving remunerative. He was one of the organizers of and is the president of the Irvington Investment Company, which purchased the Irvington tract of approximately seven hundred lots in one of the fine residence districts on the east side. They secured all the improvements for that district, which is now rapidly developing, and is becoming the location of some of Portland's most beautiful homes. It is thoroughly modern in all its equipments, and none of the accessories regarded as essential to city building at the present time are lacking. _ They have found ready sale for their property, and from its inception, the business has enjoyed a substantial growth. Not only does the company handle real estate, but is also doing much speculative building.

_ On the 26th of November, 1901, Mr. McGrath was married to Miss Katharine Lucile Quinn, a daughter of James J. Quinn of Seattle. Mr. McGrath is a member of the Knights of Columbus, also of the Alaska Club of Portland and the Yukon Order of Pioneers. His life history if written in detail would prove a 'most interesting one, giving a vivid picture of experiences which have constituted features in the development of the extreme northwest portion of the continent. Reared amid the quiet environment of a farm and of a small inland town, he came to the northwest, "where men are up and doing," and his natural energy and ambition at once found scope here. His life has since been one of ceaseless activity, bringing him into contact at times with the hardships and privations that are known only to those who have attempted settlement in a land where winter seems to reign supreme much of the year. In the more equable climate of Portland he is now proving himself an important factor in the upbuilding of the Rose City.

Dorr E. Keasey

With the substantial growth which Portland is now undergoing Dorr E. Keasey has advanced to a conspicuous position in the ranks of the real-estate men of the city, his labors constituting a potent force in the development of the beautiful residence district that crowns the hills to the west of the city, known as Portland Heights. His efforts in this direction have brought him a well merited success and his achievements indicate the possibilities that are fostered by the successful growth and progress of the Pacific coast country.

Mr. Keasey has always resided west of the Mississippi, his birth having occurred in Fayette county, Iowa, November ii, 1874, his parents being Eden W. and Nellie S. Keasey. He made his start in life by selling papers, little dreaming at that time that the northwest would accord him a place among those men whose ability and personality are dominating the city in the lines of substantial progress. He was for a time employed in the Western Union Telegraph office and also in the newspaper office at Fort Worth, Texas, and in January, 1889, came to Portland.

Believing that the growth of the west afiorded good opportunities in the real-estate field, Mr. Keasey spent three years as an employe in a real-estate office and then, when the financial panic of 1893 brought suspension in realestate lines, he turned his attention to other business interests and was employed in various ways until 1900, when he again entered the real-estate field and is now handling Portland Heights property exclusively. He purchased one hundred and ten acres at Council Crest and built the car line thereto. He also organized the Castle Heights Company, purchasing the Seventh street Terraces, and after the formation of the Keasey, Humison & Jefifry Company in January, 1909, of which he is the senior member, they organized the Kings Heights and Arlington Heights syndicates, which adjoin City Park on the north and west, involving the expenditure of many hundreds of thousands of dollars in the development of those properties for choice residence districts. Council Crest is a mountain peak rising twelve hundred feet above the business part of the city, and just within the edge of the city limits, giving a grand view of the Willamette and Columbia river valleys and the surrounding mountains for hundreds of miles. On clear days the gaze takes in the snow caps of Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, Mount Adams and the rounded dome of Mount St. Helens.

In connection with the development of the properties Mr. Keasey built the car line in the form of a loop up to and around the Crest, thus bringing within the view of all Portland residents and visitors the grandest panorama to be seen in any city in the world. Besides the scenic car road Mr. Keasey has further developed a piece of native forest between the city and the Crest by constructing a winding roadway of easy grades for carriages and autos which brings all the wildness and beauties of the forest to the doors of the city. In his efforts in this direction Mr. Keasey has done a work which should win him recognition and gratitude from all of Portland's citizens as this car line has brought within the reach of all one of the views which have made Portland famous. He is also identified with a number of corporations, and each benefits by his sound judgment and unfaltering enterprise.

Mr. Keasey was married in Portland, May 12, 1898, to Miss Evalyn Carter, a member of the well known Carter family of Virginia, and their children are: Mapril Bernice and Dorothy Evalyn. Mr. Keasey is identified with a number of the leading associations and club organizations of the city. He is yet a young man, and what he has already accomplished augurs well for further successful attainment in the future.

Dr. Osmon Royal, thoroughly equipped by liberal collegiate training in both the east and the west for the profession which he makes his life work and in which he has ever displayed the strictest fidelity to high principles, is now successfully practicing in Portland with offices in the Marquam building. He has been a member of the medical fraternity here since the ist of January, 1886, when he opened an office in the Portland Savings Bank building, now the Commercial block at the southwest corner of Second and Washington streets. Two years later he removed to what is known as the Maria Smith residence opposite the Abington block on Third street, making his home as well as maintaining his office there. He continued at that location for several years and for a few months maintained his ofiice and residence at the corner of Eleventh and Morrison streets while waiting for the completion of the Marquam block, in which he was the first to locate and lease offices. For almost a quarter of a century he has continued in active practice here and his course has been marked by steady progress, bringing him to a foremost position in the medical profession in Portland.

A native of Illinois, Dr. Royal was born near Bloomington on the 3d of January, 1856, and is a son of Charles Wesley and Rachel Eliza Powell (Misner) Royal, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this volume. In 1865 the family started for the Pacific coast, traveling by the isthmus of Panama route to San Francisco and thence by water to Portland. Here Dr. Royal became a pupil in the public schools of Mount Tabor and later attended the Willamette University at Salem, Oregon. He afterward became a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, but left that institution in his junior year to matriculate in the Boston University School of Medicine, from which he was graduated in 1885. In the same fall, having also had more than a year's hospital experience, he returned to Portland well equipped for the professional duties which have since devolved upon him. He has ever remained a close and discriminating student of his profession, however, and as the years have passed has read broadly, carrying his investigations far and wide into the realms of medical and surgical science. Thus promoting his ability, he has been able to successfully cope with the intricate problems which continually confront the physician and his professional labors have been followed by excellent results.

On October 17, 1888, Dr. Royal was married in New York to Miss Julia Morgan, of that state, and they now have one son, Osmon Royal, Jr. Dr. Royal's prominence in his profession is indicated in the fact that he is now president of the State Board of Medical Examiners. He belongs to the Multnomah County Homeopathic Medical Society and the Oregon State Homeopathic Medical Society, of both of which he has several times been president. He is likewise a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy and everything which tends to bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life awakens his attention and receives his earnest consideration. He has never allowed his professional duties, however, to claim his entire time and attention to the exclusion of other interests which should constitute a force in the life of every individual. He is never neglectful of the duties of citizenship and he is a member of the Grace Methodist Episcopal church. For a quarter of a century he has served on its ofiicial board, has been chairman of the board of stewards for fifteen years and has been active in the city board of church extension. He is also president of the Men's Methodist Social Union of Portland. His grandfather, the Rev. William Royal, was the builder of the first Methodist Episcopal church in East Portland and the history of Methodism in this state would be far different had it not been for the labors of the grandfather, father and uncles of Dr. Royal. His own life as well is one of intense usefulness to his fellowmen and while he has chosen as his specific life work a ministry for the physical ills of mankind he has ever been closely and helpfully associated with the moral development of the community.

Frederick Bickel

Frederick Bickel, a Portland pioneer, was born in the town of Rodenburg, situated on the bank of the river Fulda, in Germany, his natal day being May 21, 1832. His parents were George and Elizabeth Bickel, the former a blacksmith by trade. The family were making arrangements for emigration to America and the day before their departure the mother died. Frederick Bickel had attended school in his native country between the ages of six and fourteen years and in 1846 he started for America with his father and the other children of the household. After a voyage of fifty-three days upon a sailing vessel they reached New Orleans and thence went up the Mississippi river to St. Louis on a steamboat. In that city Frederick Bickel entered upon an apprenticeship to learn the confectionary business under George Baum to serve for a term of four years. His apprenticeship had progressed for two and a half years when his employer died of cholera. He therefore completed his apprenticeship under Mrs. Baum and her brother, Frank Dekum, who assumed control and carried on the business. Mr. Dekum became a lifelong friend and partner of Mr. Bickel. They were employed in St. Louis until the fall of 185 1. In the winter they made plans for coming to California and on the ist of February, 1852, started for New Orleans and thence sailed to Chagres, Panama, where they took a small boat up the river to Corcona, the head of navigation. From that point they walked twenty-eight miles to Panama, where they were compelled to wait two weeks as all transportation facilities had been engaged ahead of time. They were told that nothing could be secured for three months but they managed to obtain passage on the vessel Anna Smith, bound for Acapulco. Soon afterward this vessel was obliged to put into port for water. Finally they got aboard the Golden Gate, bound for San Francisco, where they arrived on the 21st of May, 1852.

Mr. Bickel and Mr. Dekum then went to Shasta City, California, where they were engaged in business for a short time. Mr. Dekum then came to Portland, looked over the situation and wrote for Mr. Bickel to join him, which he did in 1853. While in Shasta City Mr. Bickel's store was destroyed by fire, causing a total loss. Removing to this city, they opened a store on Front street between Stark and Washington, in June, 1853, under the firm style of Dekum & Bickel. This was the first establishment of the kind opened in this city. They remained at their first location for about a year, when the store building was sold to George L. Story, who there established a drug business. The firm of Dekum & Bickel then removed to Front street, between Washington and Alder streets, where they opened a restaurant in connection with their confectionary store and in 1856 they established the first soda water manufactory in the city. With the growth of Portland their business steadily increased, for the excellence of the product which they manufactured and handled was such as to insure them a good trade. The partners who as boys served their apprenticeship together continued their business relations in the utmost harmony until 1878, when Mr. Dekum retired. Mr. Bickel then remained as sole proprietor of the business until 1883, when he sold out. He had previously erected a building on Front street, where he began a storage business and later he builds a large office building on Second street between Ash and Ankeny streets. This was one hundred and fifty by one hundred and twelve feet. In 1906 he retired and has since rested from further business cares, his enterprise and activity in former years having brought him a comfortable competence that now supplies him with many of the comforts and some of the luxuries of life. He has since lived retired in a beautiful home at the corner of Ford street and Park avenue.

In Portland, in 1864, was celebrated the marriage of Frederick Bickel and Catherine Karleskint, and unto them have been born seven children : Lena, at home; Amelia, who died in infancy; George L., at home; Bertha, who passed away at the age of twelve years ; Albert, who was twenty-eight years of age at the time of his death ; Louisa and Frederick B., also under the parental roof. Mrs. Bickel was born in St. Clair county, Illinois, and came to Portland in 1862.

Not only does Mr. Bickel deserve mention as one of the pioneer merchants of the city but also as one of the veterans of the Indian wars of 1854, 1855 and 1856. He enlisted under Captain Wilson in the Oregon Mounted Volunteers, becoming a member of Company A, October 10, 1855. He participated in the four days' battle of Walla Walla and continued with his command until mustered out during the summer of 1856. The experiences of life in the northwest when this was a frontier district are largely familiar to him and his labors have been an effective element in promoting civilization, improvement and progress in this section of the country. In politics he has always been a republican but can never be induced to hold office. He has aided in organizing several of the German societies of the city, including the Turn Verein and the German Aid Society and he is, moreover, a member of the Indian War Veterans, the Oregon Pioneer Society and the Historical Society. Those events which are to many matters of history are to him matters of personal knowledge or experience and he relates many interesting tales of the early days. Upon the pioneer settler there devolved hardships and trials unknown at a later day, and Mr. Bickel faithfully bore his share in all of the labor and effort incident to the early development of the northwest.

John O. Gillen

John O. Gillen, senior member of the Gillen-Chambers Company, manufacturers of asbestos products, with factory at St. Johns and office and warehouse at No. 66 Front street, North, in Portland, has been identified with the business here for over twenty years. He was born in New York city in 1867, and is a son of James Gillen. His youthful days were spent in the eastern metropolis, where he attended school and afterward began to learn the asbestos business. He came west to Portland in 1890, attracted by the developing business opportunities of the Pacific northwest.

The impossibility of placing fictitious value upon industry, determination and perseverance at once proves the worth of the individual, who must base his rise upon these qualities. These elements have constituted the salient features in the advancement of Mr. Gillen, who has steadily worked his way upward from the humble position in which he started in the business world. He entered into active connection with the asbestos business in Portland as an employe of Joseph Gaffney, a manufacturer who was conducting a small business. In 1894 he was admitted to a partnership under the firm name of Gaffney & Gillen, and a reorganization of the business in 1898 led to the adoption of the firm style of Gillen & Chambers. Joseph Gaffney had died before the firm of Gaffney & Gillen was formed, his brother, Nicholas Gaffney, having become the senior member of that firm. The factory was established on a small scale on Second street in Portland, and was there continued until 1900, when the business was removed to a small room upstairs at No. 66 Front street. North. In 1907, the company erected their own factory in St. Johns at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. The business was incorporated in 1904 with a capital stock of ten thousand dollars, and there is now a surplus of seventy thousand dollars. Mr. Gillen is the president of the company, with J. D. Chambers as vice president and W. H. Chambers as secretary and treasurer. They employ from fifteen to thirty men at the St. Johns factory and about twenty-two men at the warehouse in Portland. They have been the makers of all except one of the asbestos theater curtains now in use in Portland, and their manufactured products also include asbestos pipe covering and different fireproof cements. As the public attention has awakened to the danger of fire, especially in congested districts, and has sought out means of protection, the use of asbestos has grown and the business of the Gillen-Chambers Company has increased largely in the last few years. Their sales are now extensive, and their plant is regarded as one of the leading productive industries of the enterprising town of St. Johns. Mr. Gillen was united in marriage, in 1896, to Miss Lena Clark, a native of southern Oregon. They make their home in Portland and have the warm regard of many friends here. Mr. Gillen has never regretted his determination to leave the east and seek the opportunities of the growing west. Here he found favorable business conditions, and in their improvement and utilization has made steady progress toward the goal of prosperity. He is now a member of the transportation committee of the Chamber of Commerce.

Colonel William Williams Chapman

Portland and Oregon are not the product of a single individual or even of a few men, and yet there are those whose names stand out clearly upon the pages of the history of the state because of the greatness of their work in its behalf. Among those who have been truly builders of the northwest. Colonel William Williams Chapman is numbered, his life work being characterized by an unselfish devotion to the public good that was again and again manifest in active and practical work for the benefit of the commonwealth. He stood as the defender of the people at large as against the interests of the few, and when individualistic or monopolistic greed threatened the welfare of the state, he championed the rights of Oregon and in legislative halls, in congress and through private influence worked to uphold those measures which he knew would have far-reaching and beneficial effect upon the history of Oregon for years to come.

Born in Clarksburg, Virginia, on the nth of August, 1808, Colonel William Williams Chapman was only fourteen years of age at the time of his father's death, and was then thrown largely upon his own resources. After completing a public school education, he entered the office of clerk of the courts, of which Henry St. George Tucker was chancellor. He was in that position assisted by Mrs. Sehon, mother of the eminent minister, and his position stimulated in him a desire for learning and an intellectual development, which desire he had opportunity to meet, at least to some extent, for he was given free access to the libraries of prominent lawyers of that state. Devoting his leisure time to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence, he at length received a license to practice law and located in Middlebourne, Tyler county, West Virginia. In the fall of 1833 he went to Macomb, McDonough county, Illinois, and in the spring of 1835 to Burlington, Iowa. The following year he was appointed by Governor John S. Horner to the position of prosecuting attorney and later in the same year was appointed by President Jackson United States attorney for the territory of Wisconsin, following the admission of Michigan to the Union. In 1838 Iowa was set apart as an independent territory, and in the fall of that year Colonel Chapman was elected to congress, where he became very active. He prepared and secured the passage of bills for the construction of three important military roads in the state and won for Iowa against Missouri a dispute over the boundary line. He was also the first man in congress to propose a permanent preemption law. Throughout his life he remained a close student of the vital questions of the day, and the interests of local, state and national import. His discrimination was keen, his deductions logical, and in his labors he looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future. Because of this his work in many connections has endured, being of permanent value. In 1844 ^^e was chosen a member of the state convention to prepare the constitution for Iowa, and in that body originated the measure to transfer in face of the act of congress the grant of five hundred thousand acres to the state for internal improvements for the use of schools, a course at that time unheard of but since followed by all new states. He also proposed measures providing for the election of judges and thus in many essential ways left the impress of his ability upon the history of Iowa.

On the 4th of -May, 1847, Colonel Chapman started with his family from Oskaloosa across the plains to Oregon, arriving at Marysville, now Corvallis, on the 13th of November, 1847. ^^i the following February he located in Salem, and in the fall of 1848, when the reports of gold discovery in California were received, he went to the Sacramento river, where he engaged successfully in mining until the early spring of 1849. He then returned and soon afterward was elected representative to the first territorial legislature of Oregon, and during the ensuing session, was appointed to draft a code of laws, but this act was declared void. Following the close of the general assembly, he removed to Oregon City, but after a short time decided upon Portland as his future home, and took up his abode here on the ist of January, 1850. The city was built upon a section of land owned by Gen. Stephen Coffin and D. H. Lownsdale, in which Colonel Chapman had a third interest. In the spring he cleared and built a residence upon the block where the courthouse now stands. The "town proprietors," as Messrs. Coffin, Lownsdale and Chapman were called, engaged in all enterprises calculated to advance the interests of the embryo city. Every town on lower Willamette and Columbia rivers contested for preeminence in those days, hoping to become the foremost city of the future. In the fall of 1850 the steamer Gold Hunter of San Francisco was purchased for sixty thousand dollars by these gentlemen - a few others subscribing small amounts - and twentyone thousand dollars of this sum was paid down. For a time the steamer made regular trips to San Francisco with Oregon products and gave Portland such an advantage over all rivals as to annihilate their hopes of preeminence in the future. Soon after his arrival here many more streets were platted, the two original streets were widened, country roads were improved, and many city improvements were introduced, Colonel Chapman proving an important factor in all this work. At that time Portland had no newspaper, but Oregon City and Milwaukie were both publishing a paper. Recognizing the fact that Portland's interests would be promoted if it had a journal to champion its cause. Colonel Chapman and Mr. Coffin went to San Francisco and induced Mr. Dryer to move his plant here and publish a paper. They promised individually to pay him a salary and also pay his traveling and freight expenses. Thus the Oregonian was established, and Colonel Chapman hired a man to assist his two sons, Thomas and Arthur, to distribute the first issue of the paper throughout the town and surrounding country. At his suggestion, while he was still in San Francisco making arrangements with Mr. Dryer, the paper was given the name of the Oregonian.

In the fall of 1853 Colonel Chapman acquired the Hudson Bay improvements at Fort Umpqua, but still retained his Portland interests, and his law practice at this point. He removed to Fort Umpqua with his family, however, and there engaged in farming and cattle-raising. Long prior to this time he had had military experience as a member of the militia of Iowa, and in 1836, when but twenty-eight years of age, had been elected colonel of his regiment by a large majority. In the fall of 1855, while attending court, an Indian uprising broke out on Rogue river, which was the beginning of the war of 1855-6. Under proclamation of the governor. Colonel Chapman gathered a company, of which he was elected captain. He equipped the command himself, and it was mustered in as Company I, Major Martin's battalion. In the following spring he was chosen lieutenant-colonel and was given command of the Southern Battalion, in which connection he was largely responsible for the successful outcome of the conflict. Resuming activities in civil life, he removed with his family in the fall of 1856 to Corvallis and expected to go from there as a delegate to the constitutional convention, but his candidacy was not endorsed because of his well known opposition to slavery. The following year he purchased extensive farming interests at Eugene City and removed there. While residing at that place he was nominated for territorial representative, and was also mentioned in connection with the oflice of senator. He was appointed surveyor-general of Oregon, which position he filled until 1861, when he resigned and in that fall returned to Portland. Soon afterward he built a home at Fourteenth and Jefferson streets, where he continuously resided, giving his attention largely to the practice of law.

When, in 1863, a bill was introduced into congress with the land grant subsidy for a road from a junction from the Central Pacific Railroad to Portland, Colonel Chapman protected the interests of Oregon by framing and presenting to congress resolutions for modifications requiring that the road must be started at this end as well as the other, and the work of progress carried on from each end equally. He was notable for his keen foresight, and assisted in forestalling by legislation many corporate abuses. As a member of the legislature of 1868, he proposed and secured the passage of a bill providing a thirty thousand dollar subsidy to furnish large tugboats to tow ocean vessels through the mouth of Columbia river, thus abolishing high rates then charged, and stimulating the commerce of Portland with foreign ports. Perhaps his most important work for this city and the state at large was his long fight against the Northern Pacific Railway, covering many years, and bringing forth many hard fought battles in the courts won by him as the result of his untiring energy, loyalty to the interests of the people and extraordinary sagacity. He thus defeated repeated attempts to ignore Portland by building only on the north side of the Columbia river and to gain the railroad monopoly of the northwest, the result of which was the building of the line of the Oregon Short Line Company, which secured for Portland eastern railway connections. In this struggle he spent the energy of his best years and also a magnificent fortune. As the result of over-exertion, he was stricken with paralysis in November, 1888, rendering his right side largely useless, but he retained the precious prize of keen mentality until his death, which occurred on the i8th of October, 1892, when he had reached the advanced age of eighty-four years.

In the spring of 1832 Colonel Chapman was married to Miss Margaret Fee Inghram, a daughter of Colonel Arthur Inghram, a prominent farmer and man of public spirit, who served for twenty years in the state legislature of the Old Dominion. Mrs. Chapman died June 21, 1889, in the seventy-fourth year of her age. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom only two are now living: Mrs. Mary C. Galbraith, of Seattle; and Winfield S., of whom mention is made on another page of this volume.

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Colonel Chapman was a Mason and enjoyed the highest regard of his brethren of that fraternity. A few weeks before his death the school board of Portland named one of the new public schools in his honor in recognition of his efforts to advance the cause of education. Progress and patriotism might well be termed the keynote of his character. There are few men who have labored so unselfishly and untiringly for the public good. His strong analytical mind enabled him to understand every phase of a question, and his remarkable sagacity enabled him to look beyond and beneath the surface and recognize the true condition of affairs and the possible outcome for the future. His comprehensive understanding of every public question therefore was a most effective feature in his work for the public good, and in his life his public and private acts ever balanced up with the principles of truth and honor.

Winfield S. Chapman

IWinfield S. Chapman of Portland, is one of the oldest among the native residents here, his birth having occurred in the then village of Portland on the 3d of July, 1850. He is a son of Col. W. W. Chapman, whose biography precedes this. His parents removed to southern Oregon in 1853, but returned to Portland in 1861, so that Winfield S. Chapman largely acquired his early education in the schools of this city, principally in the old Portland Academy, from which he was graduated in 1868.

Following his graduation, he entered the office of the city surveyor as assistant and a year after attaining his majority became chief of that department, which position he filled for two years, when a change in political administration occurred and a democrat was appointed. Turning his attention to the field of journalism in 1878, he founded the Daily Bee, of which he was editor. He made this a popular and successful paper, but in the fall of that year sold out and again became city surveyor, which position he held until 1881. In that year the city council again became democratic, and he once more left the office ; but in 1883 was again appointed, so serving until 1884, when he resigned in order to accept the position of superintendent of streets, which he held until the office became elective in 1891, at which time he refused the nomination. During the '70s he devoted several thousand dollars to assisting his father in the projected railroad from Salt Lake to Portland and surveyed a part of the line at his own expense. During the following decade he was the controlling spirit in the installation and operation of the Jefferson street steam ferry, which after long litigation broke the monopoly that had been controlled by the Stark street ferry for many years. He was also the organizer and the main promoter in the construction of the waterworks on the east side of the river, the first system estabhshed there, and obtained a franchise for, located and planned the Madison street bridge, but sold the ferry and franchise before the work on the bridge had progressed far.

The panic of 1893 found Mr. Chapman with real estate on his hands to the extent of two hundred thousand dollars, but the decline in the real estate market was so great and so rapid that his entire wealth was swept away. In 1899 he went to Skagway, Alaska, where he edited the Daily Alaskan until his return to Portland to prepare for departure to Cape Nome, whither he went in the spring of 1900 as part owner of an outfit of machinery for mining gold from the beach sands. This enterprise, however, was not successful. In 1904 he accepted the position of district engineer in the office of the city engineer, and has since acted in that capacity. While he has given assiduous attention to the duties of the office, which have been discharged with the utmost fidelity and ability. He is also interested in various private enterprises which are now proving sources of profitable return. In politics he has likewise been an active republican, stanchly advocating the principles of the party.

One of the strongly marked characteristics of Mr. Chapman has been his fiHal love and devotion to his parents, to whom he was especially attentive and helpful in their last years. When young he promised his mother not to marry while she lived, and he kept this promise. On the 21st of December, 1908, he wedded Miss E. E. Crookham of San Francisco, a daughter of Judge J. A. Crookham of Oskaloosa, Iowa. She is a lady of high educational attainments, who was graduated from Mt. Holyoke College, visited England and other countries of Europe a second time in pursuing her studies. For several years she was a successful teacher in the Portland high school, and afterward accepted a position in the city schools of San Francisco, where she lived and experienced the terrors of "the great fire" in that city. While Mr. Chapman has at times met reverses in his business enterprises owing largely to conditions over which he had no control, he has nevertheless done an important part in the upbuilding of the northwest and his service as a public official has been marked by a fidelity that none have questioned.

William K. Smith

To the energetic nature and strong mentality of such men as William K. Smith is due the development and ever increasing prosperity of Portland. His career has been one of activity, full of incidents and results. In every sphere of life in which he has acted he has left an indelible impress through his ability and tireless energy that never stops short of the attainment of its purpose. He first visited Portland in 1854. Returning in 1869, with the experience of previous residence in Oregon and in California through the days of pioneer development, he joined his interests at once with those of the growing city and his efforts have since been a resultant feature in its further progress and promotion. He is today numbered with Portland's capitalists, and the most envious cannot grudge him his success so worthily has it been won through activity in industrial and financial circles. At the age of eighty-four years he remains one of the city's most honored and venerable residents.

Mr. Smith was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1826, a son of Peter and Barbara (Showalter) Smith, the former of English lineage and the latter of Holland Dutch descent. The birth of James G. Blaine occurred in the same town where Mr. Smith spent his early youth. The father was a farmer and carpenter who removed from the Keystone state to Ohio when his son William was but six years of age. He settled upon a tract of land in Clermont county, where he engaged in farming until his removal to Indiana. He was afterward a resident of Illinois and later of Texas, his death occurring in the Lone Star state, while his wife passed away in Ohio.

The removal of the family made William K. Smith at different times a pupil in the public schools of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Alabama. With the family he went to Texas and there worked upon the home farm until eighteen years of age. Then leaving the parental roof, he went to Alabama, where he again attended school and also engaged in clerking for his uncle, a merchant and physician, with whom he also read medicine. After five years spent in Alabama William K. Smith went to La Grange, Texas, where he was employed as a clerk in a mercantile establishment. Before he left Texas he had earned a cow and calf by splitting rails. He left the cattle there and went to Alabama. When he returned he invested in a drove of cattle and was engaged in live-stock business for some time but subsequently sold out and went to St. Louis for the purpose of improving his education. His life experiences had taught him the value of intellectual training as an element to success in business, and making his way to St. Louis he pursued a course in a commercial college of that city and also attended Shurtleff College at Alton, Illinois.

W. K. Smith The City Of Portland 227

While there Mr. Smith formed a company to cross the plains, being attracted to the west by the fact that he had a brother, Joseph S. Smith, who was living upon the Pacific coast and who sent back favorable reports concerning its opportunities and possibilities. William K. Smith left St. Louis with about eighty head of cattle and fine horses, with a few men to assist him in the care of his stock in crossing the plains. His horses, however, were stolen on the journey. The party had considerable experience with the Indians while crossing the plains and were constantly on the alert for fear of an attack. Day after day they traveled on over the hot stretches of sand and through the mountain passes until their eyes were gladdened by the green valleys of California. Soon after reaching the Golden Gate Mr. Smith sold his cattle and turned his attention to mining. But not finding the gold in the country that he had anticipated, he opened a small store on the McCallum river. After living in California for about a year he decided to visit his brother, Joseph S. Smith, who had settled with his family on Whidby's island, Puget Sound, Washington territory. This journey took him, in 1854, through Portland, then a new and unimportant settlement. From Portland to his destination the arduous trip was made on horseback. Arriving at dusk at his brother's log house, he was at first received with scant welcome by his brother who, not having seen him for several years and receiving no news of his coming, failed at first to recognize the tall, bearded stranger. His brother's baby boy, however, seemed quaintly enough to notice the kinship, as tugging at his mother's apron, he lisped "Mamma - two papas." After a short visit with his brother, Mr. Smith retraced his steps to Salem, Oregon territory, where he purchased from Dr. Wilson (whose donation land claim was the original townsite of Salem) a drugstore which included also a/itock of books, paints, oils and general merchandise. This store he conducted with- great success for fifteen years, securing an extensive trade from the town and surrounding country.

During this period he established the water system of Salem, bringing in an unlimited supply of fine water from the Santa. Ana. river.. He secured the controlling interest in the Salem Woolen Mills and associated with himself in the management of the enterprise, J. F. Miller, H. W. Corbett, W. S. Ladd, L. F. Grover, J. S. Smith and Daniel Waldo. These mills made the first shipment of wool sent to the east from the Pacific coast. With practically the same associates he built the first large flouring mills and an immense wheat warehouse. These, the biggest mills on the coast, were operated by water power from Santa Ana river. During this period he acquired the McMinnville Flouring Mills, trading to Robert Kinney, his woolen mill stock for a ranch of a thousand acres, stocked with fine horses and the McMinnville mills. In such manner the extent and importance of his business interest were a prominent and effective feature in Salem's progress and commercial prosperity.

Seeking still broader fields of labor and realizing that Portland had natural advantages which in time must make it a city of large interest, Mr. Smith severed his business connections with Salem and in 1869 became identified with the industrial life of the Rose City. He established! a sawmill and thus began the manufacture of lumber. Through the intervening years he has been connected with an industry which has been and is one of the chief sources of revenue to the state. At one time he owned and operated three sawmills, and although two of these have since been burned, he is still the owner of a saw and shingle mill. Looking beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities of the future, he has ever directed his efforts along lines that have been effective forces in the extension of Portland's business interest and connection. With C. H. Lewis, Henry Failing and H. W. Corbett he furnished the first money required in financing the new Bull Run system of water supply, and was a member of the original water commission, being one of the three survivors of that representative body. He later won recognition as a leading financier of Portland, becoming identified with the Portland Savings Bank, which was organized in 1880 and of which he became vice president and one of the directors. He was also elected one of the directors of the Commercial Bank, and his sound judgment was brought to bear in the correct solution of many intricate financial problems. He was vice president and director of the Ainsworth Bank. He contributed to the city's material improvement as the builder of a dock and warehouse on the levee north of Salmon street in 1876. He was also one of the promoters of the street railway system of Portland, being among those who organized the old cable car company, in which undertaking he lost considerable money. He was also among the first to agitate and support the question of establishing an electric line, thus constituting the foundation of Portland's present excellent street car service. He was interested with Ben Holladay in building the first railway in Oregon and also engaged in the shipping business, being the owner of the Hattie C. Bessie a four-masted bark, which he chartered to Chinese merchants lor twenty thousand dollars for a single trip to China. His business connections were so varied and important in Portland that it would have seemed that outside affairs could have no claim upon his time and attention. Yet he has had important agricultural interests, owning at one time a ranch of one thousand acres in Yamhill county, stocked with fine horses and cattle. This property he traded for the Hattie C. Bessie. While in Salem he purchased the first bushel of apples ever sold in that city ; they were raised in Polk county and were a very fine variety. He afterwards sold many of the apples at one dollar each and disposed of one for five dollars to D. M. Durell, a banker and sawmill man, who said he would take the apple to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington for it was almost the size of a large cocoanut.

At present Mr. Smith is engaged in the real-estate business and handles much property. He has sold more land for railroad terminals than any man in Portland and recently disposed of realty to J. J. Hill, the railroad magnate, that was worth over a quarter of a million dollars. He has furnished the sites for two parks to the city of Portland. Seventeen years ago he purchased Council Crest paying fifty thousand dollars for sixty acres. His realty holdings are extensive and return to him a gratifying annual income.

In San Francisco in 1864 Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Debbie H. Harker, a sister of General Charles Harker who won his title by service in the Civil war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Smith were born six children: Eugenia, the wife of T. Harris Bartlett, of Idaho, and the mother of one child, Barbara S. ; William K. Jr., who is living in Portland; Victor H., who is a graduate of the Willamette Medical College, the Virginia Medical College and the Medical College of New York and is now successfully engaged in the practice of medicine in Portland; Joseph H., connected with the Portland Electric Light Company, who married Gertrude Eger and has one child, Josephine ; Charles H., who died when four years of age; and Sumner, who was drowned in the Willamette river saving the life of a young lady whose rescue he effected at the cost of his own life.

While Mr. Smith does not hold membership with any religious denommation, he has contributed liberally to the building of churches, including both the Methodist and Episcopal churches at Salem. He was also a generous donor to the Willamette University at Salem and furnished the ground upon which they built the Willamette Medical School in Portland - a property of which he obtained possession later by purchase.

From boyhood days, when he read by the flickering light by the fireplace he has been a student and devoted admirer of the great authors. His favorite poets are Pope and Thomas Moore, and he often surprises and chamis his listeners with a graceful and apt quotation from the satire of the one or the mournful sweetness of the other. Naturally he became a strong supporter, financially and otherwise, of the old Portland Library Association and was a life member and director of that body. Since the old association was taken over by the city and became a free public library he has had an unabated interest in its welfare and still serves as director and a prominent member of important committees.

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His cooperation has ever been counted upon to further progressive public measures and his labors have been of far-reaching effect and importance. He thoroughly enjoys home life and takes great pleasure in the society of his family and friends. He is always courteous, kindly and affable and those who know him personally - and he is widely known throughout the state - have for him a warm regard. A man of great natural ability, his success in business from the beginning of his residence in Portland has been uniform and rapid and while he has long since passed the age when most men put aside business cares, he yet manages his investments and his interests, and his business discernment is as keen and his judgment as sound as it was two or three decades ago. Although the snows of many winters have whitened his hair, in spirit and interest he seems yet in his prime, and out of his wisdom and his experience he gives for the benefit of others.

Benage S. Josselyn

Benage S. Josselyn, identified with many corporate interests which have constituted important factors in the development of the natural resources of the northwest and have thus contributed in large measure to its growing prosperity, is particularly well known in connection with all branches of steam and electric railroad building and operation, lighting and electric power.

He was born in Hey worth, Illinois, February 7, 1858, a son of Sydney A. and Kate E. Josselyn, the former a railroad agent. At the usual age he entered the public schools, wherein he continued his studies to the age of fourteen, when he put aside his text-books in order to receive his initial business training in a railroad office. He came to the northwest in 1907 and, appreciative of the natural advantages of the country and of the opportunities for rapid and remarkable business development, he allied his interests with this section of the country and industrial, commercial and financial interests have been largely promoted through his cooperation. He has been connected with all branches of steam and electric railroads, lighting and electric power.

Mr. Josselyn entered the railway service as ticket clerk in 1873; ^^'^s general manager for the Kansas City, Osceola & Southern Railway from 1893 ^^ 1898; was general superintendent of the Omaha & St. Louis, the Omaha & Kansas City and eastern lines, until April, 1899; as expert, making reports on various lines for eastern capitalists in 1899 and 1900; manager of the Kentucky & Indiana Bridge & Railway Company at Louisville, Kentucky, from 1900 to 1902 ; general manager of the Hudson Valley Railway Company at Glens Falls, New York, in 1902-3, and of the Union Terminal Railway Company at Sioux City, Iowa, from 1903 to 1906; assistant to president of that compapny 1905-6, and was made vice president in the latter year. He was general manager and vice president of the Maryland Telephone & Telegraph Company from 1906 to 1907, and also of the Baltimore Electric Power Company. Since the ist of July, 1907, he has been president of the Portland Railway Company. He is also president of the Portland General Electric Company, of the Oregon Water Power & Railroad Company, the Union Traction Company, the Cazadero Real Estate Company, the Portland & Sandy River Electric Company, the Willamette Falls Company, the Kenton Construction Company, the Portland Railway, Light & Power Company, and vice president of the Pacific Monthly Magazine. In his business career he has seemed to realize at almost every point the possibilities for successful accomplishment at that point. With notable ability to discriminate between the essential and non-essential, he has chosen and utilized that which is of value in the development of important business interests, and with remarkable prescience has prepared to meet the needs and demands of a rapidly developing country.

On the 15th of April, 1885, Mr. Josselyn was married to Miss Ida Mott Courtright, and they have three children : Dorothy, Mildred and Benage S., aged respectively twenty-one, eighteen and fifteen years. The family attend the Christian Science church, in which Mr. Josselyn holds membership. He has attained high rank in Masonry, holding membership in the lodge, chapter, commandery and consistory, attaining the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He is a past eminent commander of the Knights Templar of Portland, and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Royal Arcanum, and in more strictly social lines is connected with the Maryland Club of Baltimore, and the Arlington, Commercial and Waverly Golf Clubs of Portland. The last named indicates one of the chief sources of his recreation when opportunity permits him to put aside the arduous cares of the growing business interests which have claimed his attention, bringing him enviable and admirable success and at the same time constituting features in the general prosperity of this section of the country.

Philip Christ

No history of Vancouver or this section of the country would be complete without mention of Philip Christ, now eighty-six years of age. He came as a soldier to Washington in 1848 to protect the interests of the sufferers in the northwest, and after several years' military experience in frontier barracks, became identified with the agricultural development of this section of the country. His work from that time until his retirement was of marked value to the community in promoting its farming interests and in utilizing the natural resources of the district.

Mr. Christ was born in Germany May 6, 1824, and continued in his native country until a young man of twenty-four years, when he sailed from Antwerp to New York city. He had been in the eastern metropolis but a brief period when he enlisted for service in the United States army, the country being then engaged in war with Mexico. He joined the First Artillery and that fall was sent to the front, where he served until the close of hostilities. In 1848 the regiment returned to Governors Island, New York, there waiting while a ship was being fitted up to bring them to the Pacific northwest. When the equipment was completed, they sailed for the isthmus of Panama, and from there sailed to Vancouver Barracks, which was then in Oregon territory, this section of the country not having been divided into the two states of Oregon and Washington. These two companies were the first United States troops in the territory. It was their duty to protect the early settlers against Indian invasion, and for five years Mr. Christ remained on active duty with the army, after which he was honorably discharged in 1853.

For a year thereafter he worked in the mines, for gold had been discovered on the Pacific coast, and he thought perhaps there might be opportunity for him to thus gain a fortune. His hopes were not realized, however, so he took up two claims of three hundred and twenty acres of land, which he cleared and farmed. He was here joined by his brother Henry after the latter came to the new world and for many years they were closely associated with the agricultural development of the Columbia valley. Year after year they devoted their energies to general farming with good success, but in 1890 retired to private life, Mr. Christ giving his land to his nephews and nieces. He now lives in Vancouver with his brother Henry and between them there have long existed the most cordial business relations and the most pleasant companionship. Philip Christ has traveled far on life's journey, and the record is one which has "brought to him the respect and good will of all with whom he has come in contact. His history covers the period between the primitive past and the days of modern progress, and he relates many interesting incidents concerning the development of this section of the country as year by year the work of improvement has been carried forward, making the Columbia river valley on a par with the older east in all that indicates development and improvement.

Charles Wesley Royal

Charles W. Royal is well remembered as one of the early settlers of Mount Tabor. While living there his attention was largely devoted to horticultural pursuits. At different times, however, during his residence in the state, especially in the early days, he was identified with educational affairs, and no man had keener interest in intellectual progress or took more genuine delight in the substantial development of the schools. In fact, his influence was always on the side of municipal and moral progress, and it is this which makes him remembered by many who knew him, while he was still an active factor in the world's work. He was born in Piqua, Ohio, February 17, 1823, a son of William and Barbara (Ebey) Royal. His father was born near Wheeling, West Virginia, and was a minister of the gospel. He began preaching in 183 1 and his first appointment was at Fort Clark, situated somewhere in the vicinity of Peoria, Illinois. His circuit included all of the territory north of Peoria save Chicago, where the Rev. Jesse Walker was then stationed as a preacher. William Royal continued his labors in the middle west until 1853, when he came with his family to Oregon as a retired preacher of the Rock River conference of Illinois. He was later transferred to the Oregon conference and preached his first sermon in the northwest at John Reason's home in Jackson county, Oregon. He was connected with several different circuits during his residence in the northwest and lived in Portland for several years. He built the first Methodist church on the east side of the city called the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church, and his labors in behalf of his denomination were far-reaching and effective, his work still bearing good fruit in the lives of those who heeded the gospel call under his teachings. He was living retired at the time of his death, which occurred in Salem, Oregon, in September, 1871. His wife was born on the Little Juniata river in Pennsylvania in 1800. The birth of the Rev. William Royal occurred in February, 1796, and thus he had attained the age of seventy-five years at the time of his demise. The family numbered seven children - six sons and a daughter, of whom the eldest, the Rev. Thomas F. Royal, now ninety years of age, is mentioned at length on another page of this volume.

Charles W. Royal, the second of the family, completed his education as a student in McKendree College, at Lebanon, Illinois, and afterward learned the mason's trade but did not follow it to any great extent after the period of his early manhood. While visiting near Victoria, Illinois, he formed the acquaintance of Miss Sarah A. Cumming, a daughter of John and Mary (Berry) Cumming of Victoria. The young lady was teaching school in that vicinity and the friendship which sprang up between them was consummated in marriage on the 2d of September, 1864. Mrs. Royal was born at Rocky Springs in eastern Tennessee. Her father learned and followed the blacksmith's trade, but also became a preacher of the Episcopal church. Removing to Aurora, Illinois, Mr. Royal there engaged in the machinery business, dealing in farm machinery for some time. At length he determined to establish his home in Oregon, to which state his father and the rest of his family had preceded him in the year 1853, and to this end made an offer to close out his business in Aurora. He could not settle up his affairs, however, in time to make the trip when he wished, so his wife and son, Osmon Royal, then a boy, started for the coast, making the journey by way of the isthmus of Panama and arriving in Portland in August,

1865. Mr. Royal's father, Rev. William Royal, was here at the time, and in the fall of the same year Charles W. Royal, having closed out his interests in the middle west, arrived in Portland. He and his wife then went to the Umpqua Academy, of which his brother. Rev. Thomas F. Royal, had charge, and both engaged in teaching in that school for about a year. They then returned to Portland. In the meantime, before the arrival of her husband, Mrs. Royal had engaged in teaching at the Indian school at Fort Simcoe, of which Rev. James H. Wilbur, known as "Father Wilbur," had charge. After their return to Portland, Mr. and Mrs. Royal rented a farm that includes the present site of Mount Tabor, which is now one of the beautiful and populous residence districts of Portland. For a year he devoted his energies to general agricultural pursuits, at the end of which time the family home was established at Salem that the eldest son might have the privilege of attending college there. Mr. Royal turned his attention to the real-estate business in which he continued at Salem for about six years. During this time he was a most active member of the city council. Again a return to Portland was made, and the family once more took up their abode on their Mount Tabor land, where Mr. Royal gave his attention largely to the cultivation of berries which he found a successful undertaking. He was one of the first settlers of Mount Tabor, there being only three houses in that locality at the time. He continued to make his home there until his demise, which occurred October 16, 1895, his remains being interred in Lone Fir cemetery.

Following the death of her husband, Mrs. Royal removed to another part of Mount Tabor, where she still lives. They were the parents of two children, but one died in infancy, and the other, Charlie, at the age of four years. By a former marriage, Mr. Royal had two children. In Illinois he had wedded Rachel Misner, who died in that state about fifty years ago, leaving two sons: Ladru, of Los Angeles, who is engaged in the real-estate business and for many years was a successful teacher of Oregon ; and Dr. Osmon Royal of Portland, who is mentioned in this volume.

In his political views Charles W. Royal was always an earnest republican from the organization of the party, and faithfully discharged every duty of citizenship that devolved upon him. He was, moreover, a very active, faithful and helpful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and held different offices therein, serving as steward, Sunday school superintendent, and in other official capacities. He did everything in his power to promote the growth of the church and extend its influence, and he was ever a progressive man who sought as well the intellectual development of the community and furthered every movement Vv^hich tended to uplift mankind. His entire life was actuated by a spirit of broad humanitarianism and by all who knew him he was held in high respect and honor.

Charles Willard King

To say of him whose name introduces this review that he has risen from a comparatively obscure position to one of notable distinction in mercantile circles seems trite to those who are familiar with his history, and yet it is but just to say in a record that will descend to future generations that his business career is one of which any man might be proud, for since starting out in life as errand boy, his promptness, energ}^ and fidelity have been a crowning point in his career, winning him successive promotions until, as a member of the firm of Olds, Wortman & King, he ranks with the leading merchants of Portland. Moreover, he is one of Oregon's native sons, his birth having occurred in Buteville, November 7, 1865. His parents were Samuel and Sarah (Fairbanks) King, the latter numbered among the Oregon pioneers of 1852. The father was the first superintendent of public schools in Portland, and for some years was closely associated with the educational interests of Oregon which, stimulated by his zeal and interest in the work, were advanced to a high standard of proficiency.

The public schools of Portland afforded Charles Willard King his educational opportunities and on putting aside his text-books he became identified with the dry-goods business, in which he has since continued. He was a youth of but thirteen years when, in 1878, he began carrying parcels for the firm of Olds & King. In the intervening period, covering thirty-two years, he has continued with this house, and his advancement has followed as the direct outcome of his ability, fidelity and business integrity. In 1891 he was admitted to the firm and has since had voice in the active management of the business which has enjoyed continuous growth that has been based upon a progressive policy in keeping with the spirit of the west. New departments have been constantly added and the scope of the business extended, while the growth of trade is indicated by the fact that the firm have recently erected one of the finest business blocks in this city used for mercantile purposes. It is a modern structure, thoroughly equipped with everything to facilitate the interests of trade, is five stories in height, and covers the entire block extending from West Park to Tenth, from Morrison to Alder streets. A large force of sales people attend to the wants of the customers and the firm demands that courteous treatment shall be accorded to all. The policy of the house toward its employes is one of uniform justice, and every representative recognizes the fact that faithfulness on their part will be rewarded by promotion as opportunity offers.

On the 8th of October, 1890, Mr. King was married in Portland to Miss Fanny B. Hunt, a daughter of C. H. Hunt," who was prominent in public life, both in the east and in the west. While a resident of Providence, Rhode Island, he served as chief of police, and was also superintendent of state institutions of Rhode Island for five years. Since removing, to Portland he has twice been chief of police in this city. Unto Mr. and Mrs. King have been born a daughter and son, Sarah P. and Charles S.

The family attend the First Congregational church, of which both Mr. and Mrs. King are members. He is also a life member of Multnomah Club, and has advanced far in Masonry, taking the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He has an interesting military history covering seven years' service with the Oregon National Guard, and in politics is a supporter of the republican party. Spending practically his entire life in Portland, he is widely known here, and his many commendable characteristics have gained him social popularity as well as business prominence.

Bernard Hermann Albers

When Benjamin Harrison was president of the United States he made the statement that "The gates of Castle Garden never swing outward," which was but another way of saying that the opportunities of America are so great that the emigrant to the shores of this land never desires to return for permanent residence to the country from which he came. Bernard H. Albers was among the number of prominent citizens that Germany furnished to Portland - a man of distinct and forceful individuality, and of splendid business ability, who left his impress for all time upon the commercial development of the nortliwest in the establishment and control of some of the largest and most important milling and manufacturing enterprises of this section of the country. A native of Germany, Mr. Albers was born in Lingen, in the province of Hanover, March 6, 1864, his parents being Johann Hermann and Theresa (Voss) Albers, who were likewise natives of Hanover. The father was a grain merchant of Lingen and remained in his native land until 1896, when he became a resident of Portland, his death occurring in this city, August 29, 1897. Flis wife died in Ger- many in March, 1878. Her father was a miller, so that both sides of the familywere connected with one phase or another of the grain business, and several of the children of Johann H. Albers are interested in similar undertakings. Anna, the only daughter, is the wife of Frank Terheyden of Portland.