Portland, Oregon - Portland, Oregon, Its History and Builders : in Connection with the An (part 4 of 25)

In politics Mr. McKnight has ever been a republican but aside from casting his vote in support of the candidates of the party has never taken any active interest in political matters. He is a member of the Pioneer Society. His life for many years was a most busy one, in which there were, indeed, few idle hours. He worked hard and persistently to gain a start and provide for his family and he deserves the success which is now his.

Dr. Calvin S. White, secretary of the state board of health, with offices in the Dekum building in Portland, has practiced his profession in Oregon since 1893. and has made his home in the Rose City since 1905. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1868, and is a son of Joseph White, a carriagemanufacturer, who later removed with his family to a farm in Lancaster county, Penns)dvania. There Dr. White was reared, meeting with the usual experiences that fall to the lot of the farm lad. He supplemented his early education acquired in the common schools by study in the FrankHn-Marshall College and then prepared for a professional career by a course in the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated with the class of 1891.

Dr. White believed that the northwest offered a good field for the professional labor of a young man, and made his way to Tacoma, Washington, where he opened an office in 1892. Afterward he came to Portland, where he was associated with Dr. Andrew Smith for a year, at the end of which time he removed to Gervais, Marion county, Oregon, where he practiced medicine until 1905. He has since been located permanently in Portland, opening an office in the Dekum building. Here he has become well established in his profession, being recognized as one of the leaders of the medical fraternity in this city. His ability is attested by the excellent results which follow his labors and his brethren of the medical profession also bear evidence to his skill arid ability. He is now secretary of the state medical society and of the Oregon State board of health - further proofs of his standing in his chosen calling. He belongs to the different medical societies and keeps in touch with the advanced thought of the profession. While he does not quickly discard the old and time-tried methods, the value of which has stood the test of years, he is quick to adopt any new ideas which his judgment suggest as of real worth in the practice of medicine and surgery.

Joseph T. Ennis

Joseph T. Ennis has justly won the proud American title of "self-made man" and, moreover, his labors have contributed materially to the improvement and development of the city. He has operated largely in recent years as a speculative builder, in which connection he has transformed unsightly vacancies into beautiful residence districts and is now engaged in this work as a member of The Harbke-Ennis Building and Investment Company. He has always lived upon the Pacific coast and the spirit of undaunted enterprise characteristic of the far west finds exemplification in his life.

Mr. Ennis is a native of San Francisco, born December 13, 1872. His parents were Nicholas and Katherine (Cunningham) Ennis, the former a native of Nova Scotia and the latter of Ireland. The father learned and followed the wagon maker's trade and after living for some time in San Francisco removed about 1879 to the territory of Washington, locating at the town of La Center. The family alternated their time between Washington and Portland until about 1903, when Joseph T. Ennis took up his permanent abode in this city. His parents are also living here.

In the schools of Washington Joseph T. Ennis was educated and when but fifteen years of age began learning the carpenter's trade. About 1905 he became a contractor but before this had considerable experience as journeyman. He came to Portland in 1903 to work on the buildings of the Lewis & Clark Exposition which were then in process of erection. This was the last work he ever did as journeyman. Becoming quite well known in Portland, he felt that his acquaintance was sufficient to justify him embarking in business on his own account and that his skill would enable him to retain a good patronage. He has largely been engaged on the building of dwelling houses in the Vernon Addition. He has done most of his operations in building and selHng houses, having erected seventy-two there in the last three years. He buys the lots and erects houses for sale, making them thoroughly modern in design, architecture, style and equipment. His business partner in this enterprise is J. A. Harbke, and the company was incorporated under the name of The Harbke-Ennis Building and Investment Company, with a capital of ten thousand dollars, and their

In 1893 Mr. Ennis was married to Miss Hattie Reed, and unto them was born a son, Leslie, now sixteen years of age. In 1907 Mr. Ennis was again married, his second union being with Hermenia Luginbuhl, a daughter of John and Josephine Luginbuhl. Mrs. Ennis is a native of Ohio and by a former marriage had a son, Myron, sixteen years of age, who is living with her and Mr. Ennis.

The mother is a member of the Presbyterian church and Mr. Ennis holds membership with the Woodmen of the World and the Moose. In politics he is an independent democrat, for while he usually supports the party, he does not hold to blind party leading, but casts his ballot where his judgment dictates, voting for the candidates whom he thinks best qualified for office. In his business affairs he has displayed an initiative spirit and the power of organization, as well as of marked executive ability in controlling the efforts of those who work for him. What he undertakes he accomplishes, allowing no obstacles or difficulties to brook his path, if they can be overcome by persistency of purpose and honorable effort.

Oliver J. Groce

Oliver J. Groce, who died in Portland, June 9, 1906, was born in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1855. His father, Jacob Groce, was a farmer by occupation and was of German descent, being numbered among the residents of the Keystone state known as Pennsylvania Dutch. A removal to the middle west when Oliver J. Groce was very young enabled him to pursue his studies mostly in Emmet county, Iowa. His father took up a homestead there and carried on general farming for a number of years, or until he came to Oregon in 1875. Portland was his destination, and after arriving in this city he located upon the east side and engaged in the dairy business.

Oliver J. Groce was a young man of twenty years at the time the family came to the northwest. He was at first employed in Widdler's sawmill but soon afterward turned his attention to the retail grocery business, establishing and conducting a store at the corner of Seventeenth and Quimby streets. He was very successful from the outset and was continuously accorded a liberal patronage up to the time his health failed in 1905, when he sold out. Hoping to benefit by change of climate, he went to California but the hoped-for improvement did not come and he passed away on the 9th of June, 1906, his remains being interred in Lone Fir cemetery beside those of his first wife.

Mr. Groce was married twice. His first wife was Orra Alida Barber, whom he wedded in Portland. She was born in Delavan, Wisconsin, September 9, 1857, and died when twenty-eight years of age, leaving two children: Ernest C, now deceased ; and Julia M., the wife of Dr. Floyd Bird, who is coroner at Kelso, Cowlitz county, Washington. In Portland, March 4, 1887, Mr. Groce married Mrs. Anna Bennett, a sister of his first wife. She was born in Edgerton, Wisconsin, August 22, 1859, her parents being Welcome and Polly (Matteson) Barber. Her father was the youngest of a family of thirteen children and was named Welcome. He was born at Hopkinton, Rhode Island, July 22, 1825, and was descended from one of the Mayflower passengers. He was married May 3, 1847, to Polly Matteson, a daughter of Peleg and Mary (James) Matteson. The mother was born at West Greenwich, Rhode Island, August 16, 1822. Welcome Barber left Rhode Island in 1854 and afterward lived at Delavan and Edgerton, Wisconsin, where he was employed in farming and brickmaking until 1863, when he went to Iowa, reaching his destination after traveling for five weeks in a prairie schooner. He arrived in June following the passage of the homestead act and took up a claim of one hundred and sixty acres, and soon afterward secured another claim of one hundred and sixty acres by means of a soldier's land warrant which had been given his father for service in the war of 1812. During the fourteen years of his residence in Iowa Mr. Barber was engaged in the grain and stock business, but the grasshoppers so destroyed the crops that he left that state and started for the far west, settling in Mount Pleasant, Washington, about fifty miles from Portland. He made the trip to the coast by way of San Francisco and for a number of years thereafter was a very successful farmer. He died at Mount Pleasant at the age of seventy years, nine months and nine days, and his wife passed away June 21, 1894. Their graves were made side by side in the Mount Pleasant cemetery, on land which he donated to the public for burial purposes. Their daughter, Anna, was married twice, her first husband being Marion Francis Bennett, who was born March 3, 1850, and died October 2, 1883. She was only nineteen years of age when first married, and she had one child by that union, Marion Clyde, who died February 2, 1906, when twenty-five years of age, and was buried in Lone Fir cemetery beside his father. Mr. Bennett was engaged in the stock and timber business, owning a ranch at Carrolton, Washington. His father in pioneer times lived at Carrolton, where he boarded the men who were employed on the construction of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Following the death of her first husband in 1883, Mrs. Bennett gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Groce on the 4th of March, 1887, and unto them were born two children : Oliver J., who was born December 25, 1889; and John F., born August 11, 1894. All of the children of the Groce family have been provided with liberal educational advantages and are graduates of the Portland schools. ,,. -;

Mr. Groce was a member of the Masonic fraternity and his funeral services were conducted by that order. He also belonged to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Modern Brotherhood. His religious faith was that of the Methodist denomination, although he did not hold membership in the church. He gave his political allegiance to the republican party, was an active worker in its ranks and was much interested in its success. He was also a strong temperance man and did everything in his power to oppose the use of intoxicants. As the years passed by he prospered and became the owner of considerable property, having fifteen houses which he rented. He was thus able to leave his family a very comfortable estate. In business affairs he displayed a keen discernment, and his wise investments made him one of the substantial men of the city. In all business affairs he was thoroughly reliable, never taking advantage of another in any transaction, and his name thus became a recognized synonym of trustworthiness and reliability.

Andrew J. Watson

Andrew J. Watson, coming to Portland as a youth of fourteen years, was identified with the early butchering interests of this city and for a long period was actively associated with business here, his life record proving that vim and vigor will eventually win victory. A native of England, Mr. Watson was born in Sussex, April 15, 1835. His father, John Watson, a carpenter of that country, spent his entire life there, and the mother also remained in England until her demise. Their son Andrew was a pupil in the public schools for a limited period, but at the early age of eight years left home and lived with another family until fourteen years of age, when he came to America, settling at Chicago, where he had a brother, Alexander. He worked with his brother, who was a railroad man, and. realizing the deficiency of his own education, attended night school, thus qualifying for broader and more responsible duties than he could otherwise have performed. About 1849 he came to the Pacific coast, making the journey over the plains with ox teams, being influenced in this step by the fact that he had a brother who was engaged in the hotel business in Portland. It was a tiny little town but the hotel found its support from the people who traded here, all goods being brought in by vessel and sent out in the same manner. The whole town had but few streets near the river front and some of the districts, which are now most thickly populated, were covered with a dense forest growth. Mr. Watson entered the employ of Captain Ankeny in a butcher shop and learned the trade. Later he went to Montana and in connection with Captain Ahkeny opened a shop at Helena, which was then a small mining town. He remained there for a number of years, at the end of which time he desolved partnership and engaged in business alone. He sent mules with packs into the mines, carrying supplies, and found a ready sale for the products. Later he sold out and returned to Portland. Prior to that time, however, he purchased a large tract of land in North Portland that has since been subdivided and laid out as Watson's addition. He was married shortly after returning here, built a house upon his land and took up his abode there. He had an extensive tract five acres of which he reserved for a home for himself. It was covered with timber but in time became very valuable as the district was settled. Again he became connected with Captain Ankeny in business. They built the Central market and carried on the enterprise together for a number of years, but at length dissolved partnership, Captain Ankeny continuing the business while Mr. Watson took charge of his estate. Upon his land he built a store which he conducted for five years, when he sold it to his brother-in-law, who in time disposed of the stock to Mrs. Watson, who still owns the building and other land.

Mrs. Watson bore the maiden name of Ona Eddy and was born in New York, as were her parents, William L. and Mary (Sheldon) Eddy. In 1870 Mrs. Watson came to Oregon with her brother, Pitt A. Eddy, a grocer of Portland, her parents having both passed away in the Empire state before she came to the west. The marriage was celebrated on the 2d of April, 1872, and Mrs. Watson has continuously resided in Portland, not only through the period of her married life but also for two years before, her residence here covering forty years. Unto Mr. and Mrs, Watson were born five children: Grace L., the wife of Dr. Arthur Vial of Portland, by whom she has three children, Louise, Marie and Robert; Dr. Alfred P. Watson, a dentist of Portland, who married Lelle Crosby; Ona R., the wife of J. H. Peterson, a real-estate man of Portland ; Jane, who died in childhood ; and one who died in infancy.

The death of the husband and father occurred November 23, 1884, and his remains were interred in Lone Fir cemetery. He was a member of the Episcopal church and a man of upright life, who was found ever reliable in business, progressive in citizenship and loyal to the ties of home and friendship. He deserved much credit for what he accomplished for he was practically dependent upon his own resources from the age of eight years, providing in large measure for his education as well as his self-support. His history proves that diligence and determination will come ofif conqueror in the strife with difficulties and hardships.

When Oregon City was a place of much more prominence than Portland, A. B. Hallock came to the northwest. He cast in his lot with the little village that stood on the west bank of the Willamette, and soon proved his worth as a factor in the business interests of the town. He became actively connected with the growth of the city as a surveyor and builder and retained his residence here for a quarter of a century, while within one of Portland's beautiful cemeteries his earthly remains now rest.

The City Of Portland , 109

Mr. Hallock was born in Utica, New York, in 1826, a son of Dr. A. B. Hallock, who was a representative of an old Quaker family. After attending the schools of Utica for several years the son entered business circles as an apprentice to the cabinet-maker's trade and became a fine mechanic and also an expert draftsman, civil engineer and surveyor. The great unsettled west seemed to promise him opportunities along the line of his business, and in the year 1849 he made his way to the Pacific coast, over the water route and across the isthmus of Panama. He journeyed alone and when he reached Oregon proceeded at once to Oregon City, where he secured employment at his trade. Later he turned his attention to building and contracting and to him is due the distinction of having erected the first brick building on First street, Portland, its location being near Pine. Later he erected the Ladd & Tilton Bank building and a number of other early prominent business blocks of the city. Moreover in matters of public interest he took an active and helpful part and his labors were of distinct value to the city in many ways. He was a member of the early volunteer fire department and his foster daughter, Mrs. Cotter, has a fine silver trumpet made of fifty hammered silver dollars which was presented to him by the Multnomah Engine Company, April 2, 1862, after he had efficiently acted as foreman of that company for five years. In addition to his other work in Portland he was one of the early surveyors of the city and laid out the Couch addition.

In 1874 Mr. Hallock removed to Tillamook, where he lived retired. He purchased forty acres of land there, owning the present site of Ocean Park, now one of the attractive summer resorts on the sea coast. He resided there up to the time of his death, which occurred October 28, 1889, his remains being then brought back to Portland, for interment in Lone Fir cemetery. He had been reared in the faith of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, but never joined any church. His life, however, was actuated by high moral principles and he was in sympathy with all movements for the betterment of mankind. He possessed a fine voice and sang in a number of churches. His political support was given to the democracy but he would never hold office except when he was a member of the city council for a few years. However, he always took an active part in politics and in fact was ever interested in all that pertained to the welfare and upbuilding of the community, cooperating in various projects for the material, intellectual, political, social and moral advancement of this city.

In 1856 Mr. Hallock was married to Miss Mary T. Bliss, who was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1830, and when young went to Massachusetts to live. In 1855 she came to Portland where her sister, Mrs. Leland, was then residing. She died in 1863 and the two children of that marriage are both deceased. The son Edward reached the age of fifty years, passing away in 1907, while the daughter Bessie died in infancy. They also had an adopted daughter, Annette B., who was born in Ashland county, Ohio, and in 1852 came to the west, settling in Portland. The trip over the plains had consumed all of the time between the ist of June and November. Here she became the wife of John Cotter, who was born at Whitehall, New York, on the 17th of March, 1838. Lie came to the west when twenty-one years of age, making his way to the mines. He was a barber by trade, following that pursuit in Portland. It was in this city that they were married, March 31, 1868, and for twenty years they traveled life's journey happily together, but the death of Mr. Cotter occurred on the 7th of December, 1888, his remains being interred in Lone Fir cemetery. He, too, was a member of the volunteer fire department, No. i, and be belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cotter were born six children : Lillian, who is the wife of Mortimer Lawler, of Boston, Massachusetts, and has one son, Howard ; Harry A., of Spoknne. Washington; John F., of Seattle; Esther, the wife of Arthur B. Lo- der, of Chicago; Louise, at home; and one died in infancy. With the exception of a period of six months spent in IndianapoHs, Mrs. Cotter has resided continuously in Portland since she came across the plains more than a half century ago, and has been an interested witness of its growth as it has been transformed from a small and enterprising town to the beautiful Rose City of the present day.

Preston Wilson Gillette

There are those who have sung the praises and written of the glories of the northwest, its splendid forests and majestic rivers. No stronger tribute, however, has been given than that of the pioneers who in their work of building an empire in this section of the country testified to their appreciation of nature's beauties and her bounty. It was they who in reality were the heralds of this land, proclaiming her riches and her advantages in the establishment of their homes here and their utilization of the opportunities offered. Prominent among this number was Preston Wilson Gillette, who on the 2d of June, 1825, was born in Rome township, Lawrence county, Ohio. His ancestral history proclaims the fact that at the time of the persecution of the Huguenots in France in the sixteenth century four brothers of the name emigrated to the colony of Connecticut and according to all information now available it is believed that all the Gillette families in the United States came from that stock.

Captain Horatio Nelson Gillette, father of Preston Wilson Gillette, was born in Connecticut, January 5, 1799, and moved with his father to Ohio in 1816. Mr. Gillette said of his father: "He started for himself early in life as a boatman on the Ohio river. He first ran on keelboats before steamboats were introduced upon the river. He thoroughly learned the channels of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and when steamboats came he was one of the best steamboat pilots on the rivers, and afterward was captain of steamers until he grew tired of the river and remained at home, devoting the remainder of his life to farming. He was a scientific and experimental farmer. He was a noted fruit grower and horticulturist. He was the first to graft and introduce the famous 'Rome Beauty' apple, which is now so extensively grown throughout the west. There are more 'Rome Beauty' apples grown and sold in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys than all other sorts combined. He was considered by all who knew him as one of the most useful and intelligent as well as best of citizens. The whole community was benefited by his practical and experimental knowledge. He was a sterling man, his character was without a blemish and above the reach of suspicion. His integrity was without reproach." In connection with a number of other leading citizens of his district he organized the first agricultural society of Lawrence county, Ohio, in 1847, ^^id was elected its first president. The organization is still in existence under the name of the Lawrence County Agricultural Society. Not only in connection with navigation and horticultural interests was Captain Gillette well known, but in public life as well he figured prominently, and was a member of the convention that assembled at Columbus, Ohio, in 1850 and framed the present constitution of Ohio. He died in Lawrence county, June 24, 1881. His wife, Sarah B. Wilson, was born in Virginia, November 21, 1804, and died in Lawrence county, Ohio, November 25, 1840. Preston W. Gillette had six sisters and one brother. Henry Clay Gillette, the only brother, enlisted in the Union army and after serving for two and a half years contracted consumption from exposure and died a few months later.

Preston W. Gillette was educated in the common schools of his native township, which he attended three, six or nine months in the year as opportunity ofl'ered, spending the remainder of the time in the cultivation of his father's farm. Subsequently he continued his studies at Clermont Academy. In his diary in later years he wrote : "When I was a boy of twelve or fourteen years I heard my father reading a glowing letter from Astoria, Oregon, published in the New York Express describing the mild, beautiful and healthful climate, the elegant scenery, the great Columbia, the tall fir trees, the unsurpassed fertility of the soil and the brilliant and promising future of the wonderful country, and although but a boy this fired my brain and set me wild to go to Oregon. I tell this to illustrate how small a thing frames the destiny of a life and to illustrate what creatures of circumstances we are." Mr. Gillette never forgot this description and for a number of years there lay dormant in him the desire to make Oregon his home until he had opportunity for the fulfillment of his hope.

In the autumn of 1851, having determined to become a member of the bar, he went to Burlington, the county seat of Lawrence county, Ohio, and began reading law in the office of Colonel Elias Nigh, an attorney of that place. In the following February he read in a newspaper an account of an expedition fitting out for Oregon called the "Presbyterian colony," and extending an invitation to all persons of "good moral character" who desired to emigrate to that distant territory to join them. Mr. Gillette acted at once upon this invitation and immediately wrote to his father informing him of his determination to go to Oregon, and also to the Rev. A. J. Hannah, who was the prime mover in this enterprise. In a few days he received a very cordial letter from Mr. Hannah urging him to join the colony and appointing a meeting with him in Cincinnati on the 1 2th of March following. Mr. Gillette then closed his law books and returned home to make his preparations for the long trip to the west. His diary account of this is as follows: "On the i6th day of March, 1852, our party, consisting of Mr. Hannah and twelve or fifteen persons, took passage from Cincinnati on a comfortable steamer to St. Louis, Missouri. It was an elegant trip down the beautiful Ohio to its mouth and up the turbulent Mississippi to St. Louis. I enjoyed every moment of it as only a young, healthy, ambitious man could when just beginning the first grand enterprise of his life. I was full of hope, health and ambition ; I had cut loose from every friend and acquaintance and was just entering upon a new life, alone in the world, but I enjoyed it and felt more like a man than I ever had before. I liked my seeming freedom and independence. It aroused in me a self-reliance that I never before felt or conceived of. Our train consisted of twenty-two wagons with about sixty-five people, and we arrived in Oregon on the 15th of September, one hundred and thirty-four days from the date we started."

On the 18th of February, 1853, ^^- Gillette walked from Newsom's mill in Marion county to Oregon City, and took passage on the little steamer Eagle to Portland, the fare at that time being three dollars. As a passenger on the steamer Lot Whitcomb, J. C. Ainsworth, captain, he went from Portland to Astoria, then containing less than a score of buildings. He concluded to settle in Clatsop county and purchased a place on the Lewis and Clark river six miles south of the town site. In May, 1853, he received three boxes of fruit trees, seeds and ornamental shrubbery from his father in Lawrence county, Ohio, which was the first importation of ornamental shrubbery in the territory. The box contained thirty or forty varieties of the best apples, several of which were not to be found on the coast, besides a general assortment of ornamental shrubs. There were also a number of varieties of roses and up to that time the Mission rose was the only one known in Oregon. From this stock has sprung a large proportion of the roses, shrubbery and other flowers and fruit which bloom and bear in such wonderful luxuriance in Oregon and adjacent states. The express upon the three small boxes in which the stock was packed amounted to one hundred and fifty dollars. In writing of this importation in his diary Mr. Gillette said : "It has always been a source of great pleasure to me to see whereever I go on the coast, from Victoria to San Francisco, the ofifshoots of my importation. There is scarcely a yard or garden in Oregon, Washington or British Columbia or northern California in which there cannot be found some- thing that sprang from the little stock first planted in my garden on the east bank of the Lewis and Clark river in Clatsop county. It makes me feel and realize that I have been of some use and have added to the comfort and pleasure

In August, 1866, Mr. Gillette was appointed an "aid to the revenue," and stationed at Yaquina bay to report the departure and arrival of sea-going vessels and watch for smugglers. He wrote: "The only vessels that ever visited the port were two small oyster schooners, so I really had nothing to do." In 1867 he sold his property on the Lewis and Clark river and removed to Portland, where as traveling agent and correspondent he entered the services of the Oregonian and began traveling over the state. In 1868 he was made collector and general business agent for the Oregonian, and so continued until 1872, when he severed his connection with the paper to engage in the real-estate business. In that field he was exceedingly prosperous. In 1873, because there were so many letters of inquiry from eastern states, Mr. Gillette procured money by subscription and employed W. L. Adams to write a pamphlet entitled "Oregon As It Is." In connection with the real-estate firm of which he was a member he published ten thousand copies and sent them through the eastern and western states. He wrote hundreds of letters in answer to inquiries ; he also requested that the letters sent to the railroad offices be given him, and spent much time and considerable money in answering them. Thus in exploiting the advantages of this district he did much for Oregon's upbuilding and many there are who name him as the influencing factor in bringing them to the northwest. He made his business his constant study and his judgment of real-estate values was always in demand. He was constantly receiving letters from brokers asking his opinion on values. He negotiated deals for General Sheridan and other well known men and conducted an extensive and profitable real-estate business in Portland.

Mr. Gillette was reared in the faith of the whig party, of which his father was an advocate, and later on the organization of the republican party both he and his father joined its ranks. Aside from his service as a revenue officer he was in 1862 elected to the Oregon legislature from Clatsop county without opposition, receiving every vote cast in his district. In 1864 he was appointed collector of customs at Astoria and in the same year was elected to represent the three counties of Columbia, Clatsop and Tillamook in the legislature. While in the house he was the author of several important measures. Chief among these w^ere the bills framed by him which regulated pilotage at the mouth of the Columbia, resulting in the introduction of steam tugs to supersede the old schooners and establishing pilot rates. In later years, speaking of his connection with these legislative enactments, he said : "I was so determined to have the steam pilot tug system established on the Columbia river that I went in person on horseback from the river to Olympia, through snow storms and rain, and remained until my bill was passed by the Washington legislature and signed by the governor." The measure was passed in less than two weeks and became a law of both Oregon and Washington.

In 1888 Mr. Gillette was united in marriage to Miss Mary MacCabe, of Portland, Oregon. Their only child, a son, Preston W. Gillette, Jr., was born in Portland in January, 1893. Mrs. Gillette's parents w^ere natives of Kentucky and on removing to California about 1853, they took with them three negro slaves to the land of freedom that they might not be sold to strangers. In 1862 Mr. MacCabe removed with his family to Jackson county, Oregon, where he died in 1867, and the following year his wife passed away, leaving a family of six young children, all of whom are still living with the exception of one.

Mr. Gillette never associated with secret or other societies, nor was he a member of any church. His views on religion were broad, liberal and charitable. His love of nature amounted to worship ; the trees, the woods, the mountains and skies w^ere a continual delight to him and although his eyesight from boyhood was very deficient, no new variety of plant or tree ever escaped his notice or was passed by until he had learned it thoroughly. He was a great reader and possessed a remarkable memory. His taste in literature led him to select only the best and when he read he did so understandingly. It is difficult to put into words the character of such a man as Mr. Gillette, but all who knew him recognized his absolute honesty, his abhorrence of anything false or superficial and his perfect trustworthiness. Throughout life his aims were toward the ideal. He was fearless in the discharge of duty and never disappointing in promise, while scheming, sharp practice and deceit were utterly foreign to his nature. He was by birth, practice and preference a gentleman, who always attended strictly to his own business ; he was careful, methodical and economical without being parsimonious. His long, industrious, frugal life was an open book, in which no one could find a single page on which there was anything that was not honorable, sincere and uplifting. In his family he was generous and free, a devoted husband and loving father. If there was any trait in his nature stronger than his love of nature and home, it was his loyalty. He was intensely loyal - to his city, his friends, his party, and above all to his country. There are many acts in his life which are tangible assets in the development of Oregon, while in other respects the worth of his labors is immeasurable for who can determine how far-reaching was the influence of the history of Oregon's resources which he sent out or the letters of inquiry which he answered? He realized that nature had done much for man in the northwest and that man might do much for himself. His contributions to civilization on the Pacific coast were large and his name is indelibly inscribed upon the keystone of Oregon's arch of fame.

Francis M. De Long, who for many years was identified with farming interests in Clarke county, Washington, continuing actively in business up to the time of his death, which occurred October 9, 1909, was numbered among those citizens who, while carefully conducting individual interests, were ever mindful of the duties and obligations which they owe to the general public. A native of Indiana, he was born March 5, 1841. His youthful days were spent in the middle west and he had just reached his majority when he responded to the country's call for aid in the Civil war. He had in the meantime removed from Indiana to Illinois, and in the latter state he enlisted as a member of Company E, Eleventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry under the command of Captain M. Kenyon. With that regiment he went to the front and participated in a number of hotly contested engagements during the three years of his connection with the army. He never faltered in the performance of duty, whether on the firing line or on the lonely picket line, and at the expiration of his three years' term was honorably discharged at White River, Arkansas.

He then returned to his home in Illinois and later went to Missouri. Subsequently he became a resident of Riverton, Nebraska, where he lived for seventeen years, owning a section of land in that locality, but the west had fof him an irresistible attraction and he continued toward the setting sun, at his next removal having Salt Lake City as his destination. When he became a resident of St. Anthony, Idaho, he engaged in the hotel business, building the first hotel there at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. His daughter was also the first female child born in that town. There were only two houses when he went there and he aided materially in the upbuilding and improvement of the place. After conducting his hotel for six months he went out on a farm and carried on general agricultural pursuits there until his removal to Qarke county, Washington, in December, 1892. Here he purchased one hundred and seventy-nine acres of land at Sifton, which is a part of the Richardson donation claim. This lies at the edge of the new town of Sifton and Mr. De Long continued its cultivation until his life's labors were ended. He carefully and systematically carried on farm work and his practical and progressive methods resulted in bringing him good returns. Prior to his death, however, he sold eighty-five acres of land. His farm was devoted to the production of hay and grain and since the death of Mr. De Long his widow has conducted the ranch, which now comprises ninety-four acres. Of this seventy-four acres have been cleared and put under cultivation, while the rest is in timber.

It was on the 17th of June, 1888, that Mr. De Long was united in marriage to Miss Qara Newton, of Clermont county, Ohio, a daughter of Asa and Ann (Whiting) Newton. They became parents of two children, Lloyd and Lulu, both at home with their mother. By a former marriage Mr. De Long had five children, of whom one is living, Charles, who makes his home near Vancouver. Mr. De Long held membership with Lew Wallace Post, No. 115, G. A. R., of Orchards, and thus maintained pleasant relations with his old army comrades. Plis life record covered sixty-eight years and was a period of activity and usefulness, crowned with a desirable measure of success. He was devoted to the welfare of his family and was faithful to his friends, and in matters of citizenship he also displayed an enterprising and progressive spirit.

Charles W. Pope

Long years have passed since Charles W. Pope was numbered among the active business men of the Willamette valley. He is remembered, however, by many of the earlier settlers, for he was a man of strong individuality and marked characteristics and became widely known as a successful hardware merchant of Oregon City. A native of the American metropolis, Charles W. Pope was born in New York city on the 26th of September, 1833, and came of English ancestry. His father, Charles Pope, was a native of England and following his arrival in the new world was married to Miss Sarah Archer, a native of New York. He continued his residence in the Empire state until he started for the west on one of the Abernathy ships which sailed around the Horn in 1852. His destination was Oregon City, then a place of considerably more importance than Portland. There he opened a general store and spent the greater part of his remaining days in that place, although for a brief period he was a resident of Portland. However, he returned to Oregon City and in that picturesque town, situated at the falls of the Willamette, both he and his wife spent the remainder of their days.

Charles W. Pope, the eldest of their seven children, attended the public schools of New York and was a youth of eighteen years when he accompanied his parents to Oregon. His initial connection with business life in this city was as assistant in his father's store, but later he took up river work, becoming purser of one of the steamboats on the Willamette. However, he again turned his attention to commercial pursuits, purchasing a store of Mr. Millwayne, one of the oldest hardware merchants of Oregon. From that time until his demise Mr. Pope was engaged in the hardware business in Oregon City where he carried a large line of goods and built up a substantial trade. The store is still owned by his widow and is conducted under the firm style of Pope & Company.

Mr. Pope was married on the 14th of May, 1862, at Oregon City, to Miss Harriet E. Pease, who was born in the state of New York and was a daughter of Norman and Harriet (McAlHster) Pease, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of the Empire state. Mr. Pease died when his daughter, Mrs. Pope, was very young and her mother came to the west in 1862, spending her last days in Portland. Mrs. Pope made her way westward in 1861 to visit her brother, Captain George Pease, who was a pioneer settler here and became acquainted with Mr. Pope who sought her hand in marriage. They became the parents of four children : Ada, who is the widow of John H. Picket, and has two children, Frances and Katharine; Mary, the deceased wife of John H. Hemenway; Charles B., who has also departed this life; and Charles W., of Oregon City, who has charge of his mother's business there.

In the year 1877 the family were called upon to mourn the loss of the husband and father who on the 22d of March of that year was drowned in the Clackamas river. His body was recovered and was laid to rest in the Oregon City cemetery. He was a republican in his political views but would never consent to hold office, feeling that his business afifairs claimed his entire time and attention. Fie enjoyed social relations with his fellowmen and held membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Oregon City. His religious faith was evidenced in his membership in the Methodist church which found him loyal and devoted to its interests and upbuilding. About 1880 Mrs. Pope removed from Oregon City to Portland where she has since made her home and here she has many warm friends.

It has been said that there is always an element of lawlessness in a new community before government becomes organized and law holds sway. But if this is true it is nevertheless as true that the majority of citizens in a new community stand for law and order, for truth and progress, else the community would cease to enjoy growth and advancement. There would be nothing that would attract other settlers. H. W. Davis was of that class who ever upheld the legal and political status of Portland and advocated its intellectual, social and moral advancement and thus from early pioneer times until his death he was numbered among Portland's citizens of substantial worth.

A native of Virginia, Mr. Davis was born on the lOth of February, 1813. The environment of his youth was that of the frontier and he enjoyed such educational advantages as the schools of that day afforded. After putting aside his text-books he learned the machinist's trade and became a well qualified workman, following that pursuit up to the time of his marriage. While still living in the east he was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Wilkenson, who was born in Virginia, and remained a resident of that state until after the time of her marriage. She was born February 5, 1803. They began their domestic life in the place of their nativity, and six children had been born ere their removal to the west. At length, however, they decided to seek a home on the Pacific coast and traveled over the plains with ox teams, being six months on the way. It was a long and arduous trip, the story of which has never been adequately told, for only those who have had such experiences can realize the hardships of journeying over the prairies and across the desert and then climbing the mountains to descend again on the other side of the slope to the valleys of the Columbia and Willamette rivers. At length, however, the party reached Portland and Mr. Davis opened a machine shop in connection with David Mc- Masters at the corner of Third and Yamhill streets, where the old Baker Theater was later situated. Mr. Davis continued in that business for many years, securing a growing patronage as the city developed but eventually sold out. His later years were largely devoted to office holding. He was elected justice of the peace and filled that position for over twenty years, his incumbency winning him the title of Judge Davis. His decisions were strictly fair and impartial for he carefully weighed the evidence in the case and correctly applied thereto the law which had reference to the points in litigation.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Davis were born twelve children : Cordelia, who became the wife of William Braden ; Sarah M., the wife of John Marshall, of Portland ; Eva, who married George Lawson but both are now deceased ; Anna, the wife of Lewis Fuller, of Portland; Mrs. Hattie Forsyth; Charles; Herman; Park ; Mrs. Ailice Foss ; Winfield and Irene, all of whom have departed this life ; and one who died in infancy. Mrs. Davis was called to her final rest on the 6th of February, 1853, at the age of fifty years, and the death of Mr. Davis occurred January 18, 1891, when he had reached the age of seventy-seven years, eleven months and eight days. He became one of the charter members of Samaritan Lodge, No. 2, I. O. O. F., in which he held all of the offices and was likewise a member of the encampment. His political support was unfalteringly given to the men and measures of the republican party, for he deemed its principles a valuable element in good government. His religious faith was that of the Methodist church and he was always loyal to its teachings. For many years he lived in Portland and the city recognized in him one who did not seek to figure prominently before the public but he nevertheless displayed throughout his life the sterling qualities of good citizenship, of unfaltering trustworthiness and of marked devotion to duty.

Captain William Irving

A considerable portion of the site of East Portland covers the donation land claim of six hundred and forty acres which Captain William Irving secured in 185 1. The former owner, David Sheldon, had occupied the place but six months and had cleared about two acres of land. A small frame house stood upon the tract and it became the early home of Captain William Irving at a period when the remainder of the city of East Portland was largely covered with its native growth of pine forest. His title is an indication of his long connection with the shipping and river interests of the northwest. He was born in Annam, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1816, and at a very early age went to sea, reaching many of the leading ports of the world while still a young man. In the early '40s he was mate on the brig Tuscany, which sailed between New York and English ports, at which time Richard Hoyt was captain of the brig and Richard Williams was steward. The three men were later destined to play an important part in the establishment of steam navigation on the Willamette and Columbia rivers.

Captain Irving came to Oregon in 1849 as master and part owner of the brig Success, with which he entered the coasting trade. He laid the foundation of his fortune in the purchase of a donation claim on the east side of the Willamette, a tract that became very valuable as the growth of the city extended in that direction. His first steamboat venture was in commanding the little Eagle, which he brought up on the deck of the bark Success and placed on the Portland and Oregon City route. After selling that boat to Wells & Williams he bought the Express and in association with others also owned a number of the other early boats that were seen upon the waters of the Willamette and Columbia. He disposed of his steamboat interests in Oregon, however, about 1858, and went to British Columbia, where he joined his old partner, Alexander S. Murray, and the Jamison brothers, there building the first steamer constructed in British Columbia, called the Governor Douglas. Later he built the Colonel Moodey, with which he made the first successful trip to Yale in 1861. The following year he sold his interest in both boats and built the Reliance, which he commanded until 1866. He then built the Onward. He had great opposition almost from the time of his arrival on the Fraser river, but he persevered in his efforts of operating his boats on that stream and in each business contest emerged victorious. At the time of his death he stood at the head of his profession, ad-

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In September, 185 1, Captain Irving was married to Miss Elizabeth Dickson, a daughter of James and Susan Dickson, pioneer residents of Oregon. Mrs. Irving was born in Shelby county, Indiana, and in 1850 came across the plains with her parents, remaining in the Waldo hills until 1853, when they took up a donation claim near Roseburg, where they died. Captain and Mrs. Irving began their domestic life upon the donation claim which he secured on the eastern bank of the Willamette and there remained for nine years, or until i860, when they removed to British Columbia, Mr. Shaver, a brother-in-law of Mrs. Irving, taking charge of the place until she returned. In 1884 the present fine residence was built. Unto Captain and Mrs. Irving there were born five children. Mary is the wife of Thomas S. Briggs, of British Columbia, and they have nine children, William I., Henry C, John, Barrett, Thomas L., Naoma, Emanuel, Stanley and Errol. John, the only son of the family, now living at Victoria, British Columbia, married Jennie Monroe, a daughter of Alexander Monroe, one of the early Hudson Bay men, and they have three children, Elizabeth J., William A. and Genevieve. Susan is the widow of G. M. Cox and has three children, Susan, Britonarte and Mary. Elizabeth is the wife of Captain Ernest W. Spencer, of Portland, and has two sons, Walter and Charles Roy. Nellie is the wife of W. S. Chandler, of San Francisco, and they have four children, Ernest I., William G., Helen S. and Benjamin.

The death of Captain Irving occurred at New Westminster, British Columbia, August 28, 1872. He was a member of St. Andrews Society and a man of sterling personal worth. One who knew him long and well said of him at the time of his death : "His purse was always at the disposal of any one in need, and his generosity was unrestricted by class, faith or nationality. He knew no distinction in his bounty, and he never allowed a former injury to interfere with a present occasion for timely aid. He was a gentleman in the true sense of the term." '

William S. Failing

William S. Failing, now living retired in Portland, was born in JeflPerson county, New York, November 5, 1838, and has therefore passed the seventysecond milestone on life's journey. His parents were Sylvester and Charlotte (Kellogg) Failing. He lived in the Empire state until about i860 when he determined to leave the AMantic coast and try his fortune by the side of the Pacific. Oregon was his destination but he traveled westward to California, making the journey partly by boat across the isthmus, where he again embarked for San Francisco. He tarried in California for a few months and in 1861 came to Oregon, where he engaged in the nursery business for a number of years. He also served as inspector in the custom-house and his life was characterized by activity, diligence and perseverance until he retired, having attained to advanced years.

On the 3d of January, 1866, Mr. Failing was united in marriage to Miss Helen M. Hathaway. She is a native of Wood county, Ohio, and came with her parents to Oregon in 185 1. They made the long trip across the plains and over stretches of hot sand with ox teams and at length settled in Milwaukie, Oregon, where her father followed carpentering. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Failing have been born nine children: Elizabeth, the wife of G. T. Hunt, of Estacada, Oregon ; Oliver W., living in Portland ; Mary Jane, the wife of G. F. Peterson, of this city; Helen, the wife of W. E. Burch, a resident of Oakland, California; Cornelia F., the wife of WilHam R. Minsinger; Mildred, the wife of G. C. Powers, of Portland ; Stella, Junia and Grace, all at home. Mrs. Failing is a member of the Episcopal church. The family has long been prominent in this city, having many friends among the older settlers and also among the more recent arrivals.

Mr. Failing is a charter member of Industry Lodge, A. O. U. W. For half a century he has lived in Oregon and has been a witness of much of its growth and development. He was one of the discoverers of the John Day mine and in other connections he has been closely associated with events which have marked the progress and advancement of this section of the state.

The hospital is a comparatively old institution; the sanitarium with its modern equipment is comparatively recent. This institution meets every demand of the present day for the adequate care of the sick as well as for surgical attendance. It is becoming more and more an indispensable element in every community, providing, as it does, opportunity for scientific and sanitary equipment, as accessories to health, which cannot be obtained in the home.

R. L. Gillespie, physician and surgeon, is rapidly becoming widely known throughout the northwest as the president and superintendent of the Crystal Springs and the Mount Tabor Sanitariums, which, situated on Mount Tabor Heiglits in Portland, cover thirty acres of ground. He has conducted these institutions as superintendent and chief medical director since 1899 and, while he has gathered about him an able corps of assistants, the success of these institutions is chiefly attributable to his business ability and professional skill. Dr. Gillespie is, morever, entitled to special mention in this volume as one of the Oregon pioneers of 1859. He was born on a farm in McComb county, Michigan, in 1855, a son of Robert L, and Mary Ann (Bidwell) Gillespie. His father, a typical pioneer of the northwest, was a Scotchman by birth and was educated in the land of hills and heather. As a young man he became officially connected with the English government and with his wife had made three trips around the world before the birth of Dr. Gillespie. He stood six feet and two inches in height and weighed about two hundred and forty pounds. He was well proportioned, a man of striking appearance and of equally strong and commendable characteristics. He possessed a somewhat adventurous turn of mind and at one time, acting for the English government, had charge of the arsenal at Hong Kong, China, with the title of high sheriff. A desire to see still more of the world led him to the northwest in 1859, in which year he crossed the plains from Michigan, where he had previously lived upon a farm, in Oregon, making his way to Oregon City, which was then a more important town than Portland. After a brief period, however, he removed with his family to Marysville, now Corvallis, Oregon, and later became a resident of northern Idaho. He served as sheriff of one of the counties in that part of the state during the memorable winter of 1861-2, the severity of the climate being such as to make the position a very arduous one. In the spring of 1862 the family went down the Clear river in Idaho on a raft, resting for a time at Lewiston, whence they proceeded by wagon to The Dalles, from which point the journey was continued by boat to Portland. In 1864 the Gillespies became residents of Boise City, Idaho, where the father and mother took up their permanent abode. Mr. Gillespie having previously studied law, successfully engaged in practice there and became a man of great prominence in Boise City. He served as probate judge for a number of years and was a man of marked influence in the community, his abilities well fitting him for leadership. He died in 1872 at the age of forty-six years, his remains being interred in the Odd Fellows cemetery there. Mrs. Gillespie still makes her home in Boise City and has reached the remarkable old age of ninety-one years.

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Dr. Gillespie, his father's namesake, was but a small lad when the family made the long and arduous journey across the plains and was still but a boy when they finally settled in Boise City. In the meantime, in the various removals, he had met all of the experiences of life upon the frontier, and memory brings to his mind many vivid pictures of the districts in which the family lived and the phases of life there exhibited. He supplemented his previous education by study in St. Michael's College, an Episcopal school of Boise City, from which he was graduated with the class of 1870. He then turned his attention to stock-raising upon the range in Idaho and several years passed in that way. In 1873, when a youth of eighteen years, he returned to Portland and seemingly having inherited some of his father's adventurous spirit, he shipped as a cabin boy on the sailing vessel, Jane A. Falkenberg for the Sandwich Islands. He again came to Portland on the return trip of that vessel and then went to his parents' home in Boise City, but in 1883 returned to Portland and resumed his studies, matriculating in the Willamette University, in which he prepared for the practice of medicine. The M. D. degree was conferred upon him by his graduation in 1886 and he at once opened an office in this city. He is today one of the distinguished physicians and surgeons of the northwest and has several times, in addition to a growing and extensive private practice, served Portland as city physician. In 1886 he did further professional work in the New York Post Graduate School of New York city. He is now bending his energies toward the development of the sanitariums of which he has charge and his labors in this direction are actuated by a broad humanitarian spirit, as well as a laudable desire for success. He has been president as well as superintendent and chief medical director of the Crystal Springs and Mount Tabor Sanitariums since 1899. The other officials of these institutions are Henry M. Tuttle, secretary, and Dr. H. Waldo Coe, treasurer. These sanitariums were established in 1894 on Division street in Portland by Dr. Coe and in 1898 were removed to their present location, which is largely ideal, - thirty acres of ground secured high on Mount Tabor Heights at the edge of the city with pure country air and beautiful surroundings. They are devoted chiefly to the treatment of nervous diseases. The sanitariums are composed of a group of twenty separate buildings, five of which are known as the main buildings and contain from seventeen to thirty-seven rooms each. The other buildings are mostly small private cottages for isolation cases. In addition to his work in connection with the Crystal Springs and Mount Tabor Sanitariums, Dr. Gillespie has charge of the Morningside Asylum situated near by. This asylum, which belongs to the United States government, is used for the care of insane patients from Alaska. Under the direction of Dr. Gillespie are seventy-four employes and in planning their work and managing the institutions he displays notable business sagacity and ability as well as remarkable professional skill.

Dr. Gillespie was married in 1875 to Miss Philomena Gratton, a daughter of Felix Gratton, an early pioneer of French Prairie, Oregon, of Canadian birth. The Doctor and his wife have two children : Pearl A., the wife of C. R. Watson, of Portland ; and Lucia A., the wife of Dr. Joseph A. Applewhite, who is first assistant to Dr. Gillespie. Dr. Applewhite is a graduate of Millsaps College, Mississippi, and of Oregon University, in which he pursued his medical course.

Dr. Gillespie is very prominent in Masonry. He belongs to Washington Lodge, No. 6, F. & A. M. He holds membership in Oregon Consistory, No. i, and with Al Kader Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise connected with Portland lodge of Elks and with the Episcopal church. His interests are broad and make him a valued citizen, for his support is given to various measures calculated to benefit and upbuild the community. However, his profession claims the greater part of his time and in his chosen calling he has made continuous advancement owing to his wide reading, his thorough experience and his con- nection with the different medical societies. He belongs to the Portland Medical Society the Multnomah County Medical Society, the Oregon State Medical Association the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Society and the National Association for the Study of Epileptics. The work that he has done and is doing is of distinct value to Portland and her citizens and the years have established his right to rank with those men whose work is a credit and honor to the profession.

Benjamin F. Snuffin

When Oregon was an "Indian country," long before the hostility of the savages had ceased to be manifest against the invasion of the white settlers, Benjamin F. Snufhn became a resident of this state and to the time of his death was connected with the development and substantial growth of Oregon.

His birth occurred March 4, 1830, upon a little farm in the midst of the undeveloped forest region of Champaign county, Ohio. His parents were Joseph and Martha Snuffin, who came of Quaker ancestry and were numbered among the pioneer settlers of that part of Ohio in which their son Benjamin was born. The public-school system had not been inaugurated in this district and the boy attended a school conducted on the subscription plan, the little "temple of learning" being built of logs. The course of instruction was limited and his opportunity for attending was often curtailed by the necessity of assisting his father in the development of the home farm. He remained under the parental roof until eighteen years of age and when he left Ohio took up his abode in Andrews county, Missouri, where he remained until the spring of 185 1. He was there employed at farm labor for a brief period but the gold discovery proved to him an alluring field and he joined a wagon train of twenty wagons each drawn by three or four oxen. As they slowly wended their way over prairie, plain and mountain to the west they encountered hardships and difficulties, such as only a vivid imagination can portray to the traveler of the present day who speeds over the country in a Pullman car. Six months had been checked off on the calendar ere the party reached their destination. Mr. Snuffin at once engaged in mining and prospecting on Rogue river but seven months convinced him that wealth was not to be obtained so easily as he had hoped and anticipated. He therefore turned his attention to the operation of a sawmill on the Clackamas river and devoted fifteen years to that business. At length he disposed of the mill in 1872 in order that he might go to Mendocino county, California, and investigate the prospects there. He was not pleased with the outlook, however, and returned to Mount Tabor, Oregon. He then purchased forty acres of partially timbered land and devoted the ensuing four years to its cultivation and improvement. Later removed to East Portland, where he followed teaming for three years after which he purchased eight acres and took up the business of raising fruit. In this he was so successful that he invested more and more largely in city realty and in country property, becoming owner of the Stephens addition and five residences, together with other property, which in course of years, brought him to a position among the men of affluence in Portland.

In 1862 Mr. Snuffin was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Pierce, who was born in Benton county, Iowa, a daughter of Franklin and Matilda (Hollenbeck) Pierce. Her father was a farmer and miller, who in 1852 started for the plains with ox teams, bringing his family to Oregon, where he arrived on the 1st of November, after traveling for six months over prairie and arid plain and through the mountain passes until the valleys of the Pacific slope were reached. The family remained in Portland through the following winter and as times were very hard the children sold pies which the mother made and split and sold pitch wood in order to meet the necessary expenses. In the spring Mr. Pierce took up a donation claim on Clackamas river in Clackamas county, now

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Estacada, securing three hundred and twenty acres of rich land, on which he built a long house. There were no improvements upon the place, however, when it came into his possession and much timber had to be cleared away before the fields could be cultivated. There were at that time three children in the family and four others were added to the household while they occupied the farm. Sarah, the eldest of the family, is the widow of John Palmateer. Mary E. is the widow of Mr. Snuffin. Eliza is the deceased wife of Oren Price. Martha J. married Robert Bruce, who has passed away. Maria J., twin sister of Martha, became the wife of William Livermore but is now deceased. The sixth member of the family died in infancy, and Margaret, the youngest, became the wife of James Barger. The father lived upon the old home place until a few years prior to his death, when he purchased property in Portland at the corner of Eleventh and Stephens streets and retired from active business. There both he and his wife spent their remaining days in well earned rest. She was a most active and devoted member of the Methodist church for more than a half century. The second daughter, Mary E., was but a young girl when she accompanied her parents to Oregon and here on the i8th of January, 1862, she gave he hand in marriage to Benjamin F. Snuffin. Their union was blessed with seven children. Martha became the wife of Henry Odell and died at the age of twenty-four years, leaving three children: Nellie M., the wife of John Crook; Luella S., the wife of Felix Dell Snyder; and David B. William A., the second of the family, is in California. Franklin O., who married Emma L. Ginty, is living in Lynn Park, Oregon. Walter P., who wedded Catherine M. Palmateer, resides at Estacada, Oregon. James E. is at home. John Fred, of Portland, married Cora A. Adams and has three children, Alma E., Benjamin and Mary E. Sadie E., the youngest of the family, is the wife of Albert Colhns.

The death of Mr. Snuffin occurred October 22, 1904, and his grave was made in Lone Fir cemetery. He was always an earnest republican and took an active interest in the success and growth of his party. In pioneer days he proved his courage by active service in the Indian war in 1856 and was wounded while on duty. He maintained a deep interest in the upbuilding and welfare of his adopted county and state and was a man in whose business integrity unquestioned confidence was placed. The period of his residence here covered fifty-three years and as he watched the development of Oregon from a largely unsettled wilderness into one of the populous, prosperous and growing states of the northwest he felt great pride in what was accomplished and the district became very dear to him. It was not only his home but he had also been identified with its progress and upbuilding and the events which were to others matters of history were to him matters of observation or personal experience.

Charles F. Adams

Charles F. Adams, connected with the Savings Security & Trust Company of Portland since its organization, has been its president and first executive official since 1903. A native of Baltimore, Maryland, he was bom March 8, 1862, unto Orson and Annie L. (Fisher) Adams. Liberal educational advantages were provided him. After completing a preparatory course in the Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, New Hampshire, he entered Yale and was graduated with the class of 1881 as a civil engineer. In 1883 he came to the coast and was clerk in the land office at Walla Walla until 1885 when he entered the First National Bank of Colfax, Washington, as cashier. Coming to Portland, he aided in the organization of the Security Savings & Trust Company, of which he continued as cashier until the death of H. W. Corbett in 1903 when he became president.

Mr. Adams was married in 1901 to Mary C. Eichbaum, the daughter of Fred Eichbaum. They have two children, C. F., and Ann, aged respectively five and three years. Mr. Adams is a well known advocate of republican principles and is a thirty-second degree Mason of the Scottish Rite.

Captain John H. Wolfe

In the period when Portland's formative history was in the making, when men of determination as well as of enterprise were planning the policy of the city's growth and development, Captain John H. Wolfe came to Oregon and was for years thereafter one of the best known and perhaps without exception the most prominent of the river captains who in controlling navigation on the Columbia did so much to advance the growth of this section of the country.

A native of Germany, he was born in 1824 and was therefore but twentyeight years of age when he arrived in Oregon as a passenger on the schooner Emhous in 1852. Leaving that vessel soon after his arrival, he commenced steamboating on the old Multnomah with Captain Richard Hoyt, Sr. Quick to learn and a general favorite with every one, the young man was soon advanced, his ability and fidelity wining him successive promotions until he became captain of the Belle. From time to time larger responsibilities were given into his keeping as he rose steadily in the service until he was in command of the best steamers owned by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. At various times during his long career he handled successfully every steamer belonging to that corporation with the exception of the Willamette river boats. A contemporary biographer has said of him : "Captain Wolfe was a thorough steamboat man in every respect and no night was too dark and no fog too thick to baffle his skill." He continued in active service until a few weeks prior to his death, and had completed a third of a century's service on river steamboats at the time of his retirement. He passed away in Portland, October 14, 1885, and in the Evening Telegram of the following day there appeared an article from the pen of T. B. Merry as follows :

"The loss of a pioneer like Captain John H. Wolfe is no ordinary bereavement; and while the grief of personal friends like myself is selfish compared with that of his stricken family, yet a few words may not be altogether amiss at this moment. Captain Wolfe's services to the Oregon Steam Navigation Company and their successors in law mark a period of thirty-two years of the most prosperous steamboating ever done on this coast, and much of its success depended upon the sobriety, courage and reliability of employes. No man in their employ ever possessed these three requisites in a higher degree than Captain Wolfe. A man of limited advantages in earlier life, contact with the great world had given him a polish which united reality with an innate dignity which was the outgrowth of his candid and manly nature. No commander ever had a finer sense of justice nor maintained a better degree of discipline; and while his austere nature brooked no familiarity on the part of his subordinate officers, yet he maintained over them such an ascendency by treating them with the greatest urbanity as led them to regard him as an elder brother. No one but a man who had served under him could accurately judge of his qualifications as a pilot. Up to the time I went to work on the same boat with him I knew him as a neat handler of boats and especially good in heavily loaded trips when it required fine judgment in landing. But after I got alongside of him I began to see the work in which he surpassed all his contemporaries - close work in a dense fog. Just below Vancouver there is a very crooked channel in low water and another just like it just below Fisher's Landing. In October and November these channels seldom exceed nine feet of water and if a boat heavily loaded were to once get outside of them, she would require some costly literage before she could be gotten off. I have stood beside him of a foggy morning, many a time when he could not get close enough to either bank to get a point of departure, and how he got through there with big boats like the Wild West and Reed, with only once grounding in the seventeen years that I knew him, is one of the mysteries that he carried away with him when he rang his 'quitting bell' on earth and passed into the presence of Him who commands the universe. Now I wish to suggest that, if it can be possibly arranged, the funeral of this worthy man and exemplary officer may be deferred till Sunday next, as there are on that day twice as many steamboat men in the city as on any other day of the week. And there are a few who could not spare the time except on Sunday who would like to be enabled to pay their parting tribute of respect to one who, through storm and darkness for nearly forty years watched in patient silence, that others might sleep in peace."

The memory of Captain Wolfe is enshrined in the hearts of many who knew him. Those who came in contact with him - and these included thousands of Portland people and visitors to this section of the country - found him ever a genial, kind-hearted gentleman, always courteous and obliging. It may well be said of him that he was never too busy to be courteous or too courteous to be busy. Duty to his ship and the company which he represented was ever a preeminent characteristic in his life and yet when the exigencies of the moment did not demand his absolutely undivided attention to his ship, the passengers found him ever willing to reply to their querries or promote their comfort in any way possible. His life experiences made him a broadminded man and one for whom his friends - and they were many - entertained the strongest affection and highest regard. He passed away on the 14th of October, 1885.

Captain Wolfe was married in Portland in July, 1857, to Philipina Saling, who died in December, 1897, and to them were born four children: Sophie, now the wife of John Klosterman ; a son who died at the age of fifteen months ; Clara E., who died in 1897 ; and Mary C, the wife of F. J. Alex Mayer.

Allen Francis

The Francis family, now represented in Portland by Mrs. Walter E. Dyer, a daughter of him whose name introduces this review, has since the middle portion of the nineteenth century been connected with the history of this city and the northwest. The ancestral record brings us "from eastern rock to sunset wave." Connecticut was the original American home of the family, representatives of the name residing there as early as 1632. At a later period their descendants were prominent in the middle west as residents of Springfield, Illinois. Simeon Francis, Sr., was married May 24. 1793, in Connecticut, their native state, to Miss Mary A. Steele. They remained residents of New England until the death of Mrs. Francis on the i8th of September, 1822. Mr. Francis passed away September 7, 1823, and they were survived by a family of seven sons .and two daughters, who assembled at the family homestead in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in the spring of 1829 and decided to sell their property in New England and seek homes in the west.

Of this family, Simeon Francis, Jr., was born in Wethersfield, May 14, 1796, and in early life learned the printer's trade in New Haven, Connecticut. Later he became junior partner of the firm of Clapp & Francis and engaged in newspaper publication at New London, Connecticut, in 1824. While there residing he was married. Soon afterward he disposed of his business interests in New London and removed to Buffalo, New York, where as a member of the firm of Lazwell & Francis he published the Buffalo Emporium. About that time the excitement concerning the disappearance of one Morgan, who is said to have exposed the secrets of Masonry, occurred. It was believed that the

Masons put an end to Morgan (which, however, was never proven) and great opposition to Masonry arose. Both Mr. Lazwell and Mr. Francis were Masons and at this period their business so declined that they were obHged to discontinue the pubhcation of their paper in 1828. The middle west seemed to offer a more attractive field and in 1831 Simeon Francis and his wife removed to Springfield, Illinois, accompanied by Ann Douglas, a niece of Mrs. Francis, who in 1836 became the wife of Captain George Barrell and lived in Springfield. In 1840 President William Henry Harrison appointed Mr. Francis, Indian agent for Oregon, but after making the necessary preparations for the trip he resigned. Pie had previously been engaged in the publication of the State Journal of Springfield, Illinois, but, selling out his paper, turned his attention to merchandising. He was very prominent in the affairs of Springfield at that day and for several years was secretary of the State Agricultural Society. But the west called him and, disposing of his interests in Springfield in 1859, he came to Portland. Here he edited the Oregon Farmer and had large influence in promoting the agricultural development of the state not only through the columns of that paper but also as president of the Oregon State Agricultural Society. He was for one year connected with the Oregonian and in 1862 was appointed paymaster in the United States army, with residence at Vancouver, Washington, by President Lincoln, with whom he had been on terms of warm personal friendship during his residence in Springfield. He filled that office until 1870, when he was retired on half pay and returned to Portland, where his death occurred October 25, 1872.

Allen Francis, brother of Simeon Francis and father of Mrs. Dyer, was born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, April 12, 181 5, and resided in St. Louis until the death of his brother Edwin in 1834, when he and two sisters removed to Springfield, Illinois. He there secured a position in the printing office of the State Journal and later became a partner in the ownership of that paper.

While a resident of Springfield, Mr. Francis was married on Christmas day of 1838 to Cecelia B. Duncan, a native of Glasgow, Scotland, and they became the parents of six children. Cecelia F. was married in Oregon to Herman Hofferkamp. Marietta was married in Vancouver, British Columbia, to David A. Edgar, of Staten Island, New York. Hulda G, first becaine the wife of Byron Z. Holmes and since his death has married Walter E. Dyer. Eliza E. is the wife of William F. Gillihan, of Portland. Allen Bunn, who was born in Springfield in 1849, came with his father to the Pacific coast. Later he was made agent for a fur company in San Francisco and was stationed at Fort Constantine, Alaska, where he never saw a white woman or heard his native language for more than eighteen months. Edwin H., the youngest of the family, went to Alaska soon after the purchase of that country by the United States, was appointed deputy collector at Sitka and clerk of the city council. About twenty years before his death, which occurred March 25, 1902, he entered the government service as Alaska pilot for the coast survey steamers and for four years prior to his death spent the winter months in the local office of the coast and geodetic survey with the exception of 1901, when he was detailed to go to the head office of the coast survey at Washington to aid in the compilation of the Coast Pilot, issued by the government. His work in this connection was especially valuable to the government and the officers of the survey fitly recognized his abilities.

During his residence in Springfield, Illinois, Allen Francis became a prominent factor in the public life of that city and for a number of years aided in shaping its municipal policy as a member of the city council. In October, 1861, President Lincoln appointed him consul to Victoria, British Columbia, and he left for that point in February, 1862. He filled the position until 1871, when he resigned and with his sons engaged in fur trading with the Indians on the north Pacific coast. On the 21st of July, 1877, he was again commissioned consul to Victoria by President Hayes and on the 5th of May, 1884, he was commissioned by President Harrison to Port Stanley and St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada, He advised the purchase of Alaska by the government and it was from him that Secretary Seward gained most of the knowledge of Alaska and its resources, which eventually convinced him of the wisdom and necessity of purchasing that territory from Russia. In a correspondence extending over many months Mr. Francis gave the secretary all the information then obtainable regarding Alaska. It is said that President Lincoln advised Mr. Seward at the beginning to write to Mr. Francis regarding the proposed purchase before he fully determined what policy to pursue. Later, in 1869, when Secretary Seward visited the district he spent ten days at the Francis home at Victoria and left there for the north on the steamer Active of the government service. His son, Edwin H. Francis, who after the purchase had been made a deputy in the office of the collector of customs at Sitka, accompanied Secretary Seward on a trip all through the Indian country of Alaska and came to know him very well. He was a worthy representative of the interests of the government in the northwest, his understanding of the political situation, his ready tact and keen insight enabling him to do splendid diplomatic service.

Albertus H. Metcalf

H. Metcalf who is engaged in the gravel business, owning an extensive pit on the Sandy road, was born July 5, 1858, in Denmark, Lewis county, New York. He was four years of age when his parents, Edward and Mary (Thorp) Metcalf removed to Jefferson county. New York, where the succeeding fourteen years of his life were passed. At the usual age he entered the public schools pursuing his early studies in the district schools near his father's home; while later he entered the Leland and Grey Seminary at Townsend, Vermont. Liberal educational advantages well qualified him for the practical and responsible duties which later came to him in his business life.

The year 1877 witnessed Mr. Metcalf's arrival in the northwest. He made his way to Walla Walla, Washington, influenced in his choice of destination by the fact that he had a brother living there. While there he engaged in plastering contracting for three years. He afterward worked in the wholesale grocery house of Plants & McKay, and later engaged in the general merchandising business at Milton, Umatilla county, Washington, as Metcalf & Plants for two years. He then engaged in the livery business for six months. In the year 1888 he came to Portland, where he established a transfer business under the name of The East Portland Transfer Company, in partnership with Albert Smith. They ran a bus line for two years at the end of which time the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Metcalf started in business alone. He was identified with transfer interests until he turned his attention to the gravel business, which now claims his undivided attention and energies. He has an extensive pit located on Sandy road, where he is taking out about twenty-five hundred cubic yards of gravel per month. He has built up a large business and his patronage is steadily increasing. His business affairs have been wisely and carefully conducted, bringing to him substantial success and, investing in real estate, he is now interested in platting the Merlow addition to Portland.

In November, 1883, Mr. Metcalf was married in Walla Walla to Miss Sarah Elam, a daughter of Jesse and Margaret (Kimball) Elam, who came from Texas to Oregon about 1867, and were, therefore, numbered among the early settlers of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Metcalf have become parents of four children: Edward Jesse; Cecil Elam; Hazel, the wife of Glenn C. Magoon ; and Gladys. The family is prominent socially in Portland and the Metcalf home is a most hospitable one.

Mr. Metcalf is a prominent member of Multnomah Camp, No. 'j'] W. O. W., and also of the Willamette Motor Boat Club, which indicates one of his chief sources of recreation. In politics he is an independent republican, and while keeping well informed on the questions and issues of the day, he is more interested in business affairs than in politics, and his activities, therefore, center upon the conduct of his commercial interests.

John Burke

In the death of John Burke on the 7th of July, 1907, Portland recorded the passing of one more of her pioneer residents, for during fifty-four years he had lived almost continuously at the family home at No. 334 Salmon street. He came here as an infant in arms and in his boyhood was known to his playmates and people of older age as "Johnny." This name clung to him throughout all the ensuing years and was an indication of that close companionship which is at once the expression of long acquaintance and affection. It was in 1852 that his parents, Thomas and Mary Burke, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume, started across the plains for the Pacific coast, as passengers in one of the old time ox trains. They brought with them their infant son who was just six weeks old when they started, his birth having occurred in 3t. Louis, February 7, 1852, but he had completed his first half year ere they reached their destination, as it required six months to make the trip. When his father, after completing the last part of the journey from The Dalles down the Columbia river on a log raft, built a house where Seventh and Salmon streets now intersect, the baby was just a year old. On their first night in Portland the Burkes camped on the present site of the Odd Fellows Hall on First and Alder streets.

Portland was then a little town that had made but small progress along any business lines. John Burke began his education in a Catholic institution but later attended the public schools. At that time newspapers were few and John Burke became one of the first newsboys and did his first work by selling the Oregonian at twenty-five cents per copy. As the years passed he carefully saved his earnings and later learned the plumber's trade with the firm of Donnerberg & Barrett, while subsequently he became associated in businesse with Thomas Varwig, both in Astoria and Portland. Mr. Burke was one of the promoters of the old Jefferson street ferry that operated long before the plans of building the Madison street bridge were formulated. When Portland began to take on the proportions and activities of a metropolitan center Mr. Burke was one of the promoters of the East Portland water-works and in 1889 in connection with W. S. Chapman he began a contracting business under the name of the American Bridge & Contract Company.

For seven or eight years prior to his death, however, he devoted his time to the care of his roses, in the culture of which he was very enthusiastic. He could always be seen with a fresh bud in his buttonhole and he took genuine delight in supplying tourists with the flowers and in expatiating to visitors upon the attractiveness and advantages of this city. Mr. Burke was an active member of the old volunteer fire department and during nearly a score of years never failed to answer the alarm, lending his ready aid to the arduous and sometimes dangerous task of quenching the flames. When the paid department was organized he was given an exempt certificate, of which he was very proud. He enjoyed the memories of the old days and never tired of telling about the good old times spent with the volunteer department. For a number of years Mr. Burke was also connected with the theatrical business, and as advance agent for aggregations sent out by J. P. Howe and other theater managers during the early '80s, he became well known in all cities along the Pacific coast. He was an esteemed member of the Oregon Pioneer Association and never missed one of its annual reunions until prevented by ill health during the closing year of his life. His memory of early days and events was exceptionally good and he took great pleasure in talking over these events with his old time friends, and later arrivals always found his historical information to be correct.

He was of the Roman Catholic faith and when death claimed him his remains were interred in St. Mary's cemetery in the family plot. He knew no other home than Portland and although he made friends wherever he went his heart turned again to the city of his residence. It is said that "roses and the Rose City were the two things in which he most delighted." The tender sentiments in his nature which found expression in his love of flowers constituted an even balance to the strong, manly qualities which won him the admiration and regard of his fellowmen.

Dr. R. C. CofTey, an eminent surgeon of the northwest who has followed his profession in Portland since March, 1900, having now well equipped offices in the Corbett building, is a graduate of the Kentucky School of Medicine of the class of 1892. A native of North Carolina, he is a representative of one of the old southern families. Determining upon the practice of medicine as a life work, in early manhood, he supplemented his literary course by study in the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, and was graduated in 1892, after which he sought the opportunities of the northwest, locating for practice in Moscow, Idaho, where he remained for five years. He then removed to Colfax, Washington, where he spent two years and afterward came to Portland, where he has practiced through a decade, giving his attention exclusively to surgery. He is fast becoming a recognized authority on this subject. A master of the construction and functions of the component parts of the human body, of the changes induced in them by the onslaughts of disease, of the defects cast upon them as a legacy by progenitors, of the vital capacity remaining in them throughout all vicissitudes of existence. Dr. Coffey is well equipped for the onerous and responsible duties that devolve upon him as a surgeon and his work has received the endorsement not only of the general public but also of the profession.

He is an ex-president of the Idaho State Medical Society, an ex-secretary of the Washington State Medical Society and in 1908 was honored with election to the presidency of the Oregon State Medical Society. He is also a member of the Western Surgical Association and Southern Surgical Association, and thus keeps in close touch with the advancement that is being made by the profession as research and investigation broaden knowledge and bring to light the hitherto hidden truths of science.

Dr. Coffey married Miss Clarissa Ellen Coffey, and they have three children. Jay R., Wilson Boone and Robert Mayo. The Doctor belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Royal Arcanum. Of him it has been said "he is wise in human nature, wise in the laws of general science, wise in social amenities."

Wilder W. Parker

Wilder W. Parker was born in Washington, Vermont, October 19, 1824. He was the second son of Eben and Laura Flanders Parker, thrifty New Englanders who indelibly implanted in their children habits of industry, economy and love and loyalty to the commonwealth.