Cambridge City (part 14 of 15)

Dwight W. Ensign, above mentioned, was bom in Sheridan, Chautauqua County, N.Y., August 2, 1839. He is the son of Seymour P. and Diantha (Holmes) Ensign, grandson of Otis Ensign, Jr., who enHsted in the Continental army when sixteen years old, and served five j-ears, being one of the guard at the hanging of Major Andre, and was with General Washington at Valley Forge, when he received a scolding and apolog}^ from Washington when circumstances were explained; great-grandson of Otis Ensign, Sr., who was killed in the massacre of Wyoming, and a decendant of James Ensign, who settled in Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass., about 1632. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, Union Club of Boston, Cambridge, and the Boston Art Club. His wife, Martha Louise (Stratton) Ensign, has traveled extensively in Europe. She is a member of the Vermont Society of Colonial Dames; Old South Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Daughters of the Revolution; The Daughters of Massachusetts; New England's Women's Club; Cantabrigia Club of Cambridge; Peabody Home for Aged People, and other societies and organizations. Mrs. Ensign takes a deep interest in charitable and religious work. She is a member of the Second Church (Unitarian), of Copley Square, Boston.

William P. Sutton

WILLIAM P. SUTTON Sutton, William P., prominent Cambridge business man and proprietor of the Mansion House Ice Cream Company, was bom on June 16, 1865. He received a good education in the public schools of Cambridge. His first independent business venture was a grocerj^ and provision store. Mr. Sutton continued to conduct it for sixteen years, and in addition, about twenty-eight years ago, began in a small way to manufacture and retail ice cream. The excellence of his product becoming generally known soon resulted in such a demand that, in 1902, he was finally compelled to give all his time to an enterprise which had originally been subordinate.

The Mansion House Ice Cream Company, which this year ceased to be a retail concern, is one of the most important wholesale ice cream companies in this part of the countrj'. The plant covers an area of 4,800 feet; the operating power is electricity, and the modem brine system of freezing is used. The maximum daily output is 1,500 gallons; thirty-one people are employed, and the delivery sendee consists of twelve wagons and two motor tmcks.

Mr. Sutton is an ardent advocate of pure food; furthermore, he has demonstrated that his theories are practicable. Not content mth merely living up to the regulations of the Board of Health, he has adopted a higher standard of his own. From the moment that the raw material leaves the dairy until the ice cream is delivered at the consumer's door, no precaution is neglected. The ice cream is made, not in a basement - as is often the case - but on the ground floor, where there is plenty of fresh air and sunshine. In an article on pure food, published in a recent issue of the Boston American, the Mansion House Ice Cream Company was mentioned as being among the firms which produce and distribute their goods under the most sanitary conditions.

On January 8, 1890, Mr. Sutton was married to Matilda J. Schlitter. They have two daughters - Esther V. and Alice M., the former at present a student at Radcliffe College.

Mr. Sutton is a Mason, being a member of Putnam Blue Lodge, Cambridge Royal Arch Chapter, Cambridge Commandery, Naphthali Council and Aleppo Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of New England Lodge, I.O.O.F., Cambridge Lodge, B.P.O.E., Lechmere Council, R.A., and the Cambridge Board of Trade. He is one of the Trustees of the East Cambridge Five Cent Savings Bank.

William Donnison Swan, M.D.

WILLIAM DONNISON SWAN, M.D. Swan, William Donnison, M.D., of Cambridge, was bom in Kennebunk, Me., January 1, 1859, son of Rev. Joshua A. Swan, Unitarian minister at Kennebunk for eighteen years, and Sarah, his wife, daughter of the Rev. Richard M. Hodges, Unitarian minister at Bridgewater, Mass. His mother's maternal grandfather, William Donnison, was an officer in the Revolution, and afterwards adjutant-general to Governor Hancock and judge of the Coiut of Common Pleas. He was fitted for college at the Cambridge High School; entered Harvard, and graduated in the class of 188L His professional training followed at the Harvard Medical School, from which he graduated M.D. in 1885. After two years of study in the hospitals of Boston and one year in Vienna and Frankforton-the-Main, he began practice in Cambridge in 1888. Three years later he was appointed medical examiner for the First District of Middlesex County (Cambridge, Belmont and Arlington) by Governor Brackett. He is now also visiting physician to the Cambridge Hospital and to the Avon Home of Cambridge. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and of the Massachusetts Medico- Legal Society. His club connections are with the Union Club of Boston, and the Oakley Club.

William Donnison Swan. M.D.

Dr. Swan was married April 30, 1890, to Miss Mary Winthrop Hubbard, daughter of Samuel Hubbard, of Oakland, Cal. They have two children: Marian Hubbard (born February 22, 1891) and WilHam Donnison Swan, Jr. (born October 9, 1894).

Benjamin Tilton

BENJAMIN TILTON TiLTON, Benjamin, son of Captain Benjamin Tilton, was bom in the State of Maine, August 25, 1805. He came to Boston in a sailing vessel in the year 1821 and there became a clerk in a dry goods store. He was married in 1828 to Lucinda, daughter of Ebenezer and Anna (Whiting) Newell, and granddaughter of Colonel Daniel Whiting (1732-1807), of Natick, Mass., an officer in the French and Indian War and in the Patriot Army during the American Revolution. Mr. Tilton and his wife lived first in Boston, then removed to Brookhne, and in 1837 made their permanent home in Cambridge. Besides being a director in the Cambridgeport Bank, he was instrumental in founding and organizing the Har\'ard Bank, in 1860, which became the First National Bank of Cambridge in 1864, which, in turn, became the Harvard Trust Company in 1904. Mr. Tilton was its president from its organization, March, 1864, to the time of his death in November, 1882. He was also president of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank, 1854-1882. Under his presidency the Har\'ard Bank, with its capital of $200,000, paid annual dividends of from six to twelve percent. He was also associated with large business interests in Boston, and was always ver>^ successful in his investments. He left three sons: Henry Newell, bom in Boston, May 18, 1829; died February 11, 1904, in Cambridge. He was a member of the of the Cambridge School Board for many years, director of the First National Bank of Cambridge and trustee of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. (2) Benjamin RadcliS, was bom in Boston, August 22, 1831; died in January, 1892. He was a member of the Cambridge City Council, trustee and member of the investment committee of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank, the Cambridge Club, and was an active member of the Prospect Street Church. (3) Frederick William Tilton, was bom in Cambridge, May 14, 1839, was educated in the Cambridge Schools, and graduated from Harvard University, A.B., 1862, and received the degree of A.M., 1865. He took a postgraduate course in the University of Gottingen, Germany, 1863-1864. He returned to this country in 1864, and taught three years in the Highland Military Academy, Worcester, Mass., and in 1867 was elected superintendent of the public schools of Newport, R.I. He became principal of PhiUips Academy, Andover, Mass., in 1871; in 1873, he was appointed head master of Rogers High School, Newport, R.I., and held that position until 1890. He visited Europe, returned in 1894, and took up his residence in Cambridge, Mass., where he became a director in the Harvard Trust Company, and a trustee and a member of the investment committee of the Cambridgeport Sa\'ings Bank; he has served as \ace-president of the Bank since 1904. He was married July, 1864, to Ellen, daughter of John Howe and Adaline (Richardson) Trowbridge, granddaughter of John and Sally (Howe) Trowbridge, and of James and Elizabeth Richardson and a descendant from Chief -Justice Trowbridge of Cambridge Colony under George III. Mrs. Tilton died in Cambridge, Januarj' 5, 1910, being survived by her husband and four children, namely: William F. Tilton, born February 24, 1867, educated at Harvard and in Germany; has German degree Ph.D.; writer on historical subjects. Benjamin T. TUton, bom July 17, 1868; A.B. Hansard, 1890; M.D. Germany, 1893 ; surgeon in New York City. Ellen Maud, bom Febmar>' 29, 1872, now Mrs. Frederic Atherton, Boston. Newell Whiting Tilton, bom October 26, 1878, A.B. Har\'ard, 1900; of the firm Harding, TUton & Co., Boston, New York and Philadelphia.

Benjamin Vaughan

BENJAMIN VAUGHAN Vaughan, Benjamin, was the son of William Manning Vaughan and Anne Warren Vaughan, who was a great-niece of General Joseph Warren of Revolutionarj' fame. He was bom in Hallowell, Maine, the 3d of November, 1837, and died in Cambridge, Mass., on the 2d of July, 1912.

He was married on the 8th day of May, 1864, in Philadelphia, to Anna Harriet Goodwin, daughter of Rev. Daniel R. Goodwin, who was then Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and who had been President of Trinity College. He attended school at the old Hallowell Academy, which was quite a famous institution of learning in those days. He moved to Cambridge in 1857, and went into the office of Jerome G. Kidder in Boston, who was doing a commission business in oil and coal. He worked under Mr. Kidder and then in partnership with him, and finally established the Beacon Oil Company, of which he was president and the sole and active head. This Company became the Oil Company for New England, but in the eighties Mr. Vaughan sold it out to the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. After this, Mr. Vaughan took no active part in any oil business, but still continued to do business as a coal commission merchant. He kept up this business until the 1st of January, 1912, when he retired, dissolving the partnership with Henry S. Mann, with whom he had been associated during the later years under the firm name of Vaughan & Mann. He, however, retained his office until the 1st of July, 1912, which was practically the date of his death. He thus was in business for over fifty-four years, and, at the date of his retirement, was the oldest coal commission merchant in Boston.

In 1863, Mr. Vaughan joined the "Home Guards" in Cambridge, and received a commission as 1st Lieutenant under Col. Charles F. Walcott in the 61st Massachusetts Regiment. He went to the Front, and was dangerously wounded at the battle of Petersburg in 1865; he was brevetted Captain, though his woimd prevented his seeing any more service at the Front.

Mr. Vaughan was interested in several Cambridge institutions. At the time of his death he was a director in the Cambridge Trust Company, and had been, since its formation and until a short time before he died, the treasurer of the Longfellow Memorial Association. He was one of the promoters in the estabHshment of the Cambridge Coffee House Association, which was organized and existed for a few years when the city first became no-license.

He was an Episcopalian and had been a constant worshipper at St. John's Memorial Chapel for more than forty years, and was the last survivor of the original group which organized the Association of the Congregation in January, 1871. He served for many years as Vice- Chairman and subsequently as Chairman of the Committee of this Association; and, in the words of the report from the present Committee of the Association, "his loss has removed a landmark in our history as a Congregation."

He was one of the originators and active in the management of the old Cambridge Dramatic Club, which, during the beginning of its existence, gave its plays in one of the buildings of the old State Arsenal, which was situated on Arsenal Square between Chauncey and FoUen Streets.

He found his chief recreation in out-of-door life, particularly in shooting and on the water, yachting or canoeing while camping in Maine. Of late years he regularly went for some weeks every winter to the South for shooting. Part of the summer he always spent in yachting along the Maine coast and part at Hallowell in the old homestead where he was bom and in which five generations of the family have lived.

Mr. Vaughan was a member of the Commercial and Union Clubs of Boston; the Brookline Countr}^ Club; the Eastern, Massachusetts and Portland Yacht Clubs; the Oakley Country Club; Colonial Club of Cambridge and several shooting clubs. He was, also, a member of a Dining Club in Cambridge composed of a dozen well-known Cambridge men. He was, however, not at all a clubman in the usual sense of the word, but spent most of his time with and for his family.

He was a support and an ad\'iser for many people and helped many, but always most unostentatiously, so that even members of his immediate family did not know until after his death how much he did for others. His quiet modesty and unselfishness were exceptional, and he was pre-eminently endowed with common sense and ability to diagnose and judge rightly intricate business problems and, also, public questions. In his later years, particularly, he followed the complications and evolutions in business and politics with close interest, and his sane judgment and wise conclusions impressed all who came in contact with him. Many men prominent in affairs at home and in the South - where reconstruction and the upbuilding of industries are still going on - with whom he talked or came in contact, were openly impressed by his broad and sound views and felt his influence. He was a valuable citizen who stood for the right and for conservative advancement, with a broad-minded view of affairs which made him of benefit to the community in which he lived.

Henry Pickering Walcott, M.D.

Walcott, Henry Pickering, physician, was bom at Salem, Mass., December 23, 1838, being the son of Samuel Baker and Martha (Pickman) Walcott. He graduated from Harvard in 1858, studied medicine at the Harvard Medical School and Bowdoin College, and received his degree of M.D. from the latter in 1861. He spent two years in Vienna and Beriin. From 1867 to 1881, he was engaged in the active practice of medicine in Cambridge. Since 1881, however, he has devoted his time to the State Board of Health, and has been chairman of it since 1886. Portions of the reports of that board have been written by him, and he is also the author of various reports upon the water supply and the drainage of Massachusetts. Dr. Walcott has been prominent in movements promoting public health. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, Massachusetts Historical Society, Massachusetts Horticultural Society, American Public Health Association, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Board of President and Fellows of Harvard University, and an honorary fellow of the Royal Sanitar>- Institute of Great Britain.

Robert Walcott

Walcott, Robert, is the son of Dr. Henry P. Walcott, LL.D., president of the Massachusetts General Hospital and of the Cambridge Hospital, chairman of the State Board of Health, and a member of the Ivletropolitan Water Board.

He is associated in the practice of law with Hon. Herbert Parker, formerly Attorney-General; James F. Jackson, ex-chairman of the Board of Railway Commissioners; and Lieutenant-Governor Frothingham, having offices at Barristers' Hall, Boston.

He graduated from Har\'ard College in 1895, and, after spending a ^^ear travelling in India and China, from the Har\^ard Law School in 1899.

He is a member of the Union Club, Tennis and Racquet Club, Oakley Country Club, and of the Cambridge Club; secretary of the Cambridge Boat Club; secretary of the Longfellow Memorial Association; director of the Cambridge Homes for Aged People; director of the Prospect Union; member of the corporation of the Cambridge Sa\'ings Bank, and president of the Cambridge Neighborhood House.

He was appointed, in 1904, by Governor Douglas, special justice of the Third District Court, which includes Cambridge, Belmont and Arlington.

Judge Walcott's recreations are swimming, canoeing, yachting and travel, he having accompanied Mr. WiUiam Brooks Cabot in his exploration of the Assawaban River district in Labrador, in 1904, and ha\'ing been a member

Walter C. Wardwell

WALTER C. WARDWELL Wardwell, Walter C, ex-Mayor of Cambridge, Mass., and a Deputy Sheriff of Middlesex County, was bom in Richmond, Va., January 27, 1859. His father, the late Bumham

Wardwell, was a native of Maine, went to Virginia previous to the Civil War, and, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the Southern Confederacy, was pressed into service in 1861. With much peril he made his escape to the Union lines, and, joining the Northern army, served under General Butler at Fortress Monroe and Dutch Gap. He served upon the grand jury which indicted Jefferson Davis for high treason; and after the close of the war he was appointed by General Schofield warden of a penitentiary. Tlirough his efforts the whipping-post was banished from nearly every locality where it had previously been used, and his successful work in that field of philanthropy gained for him much distinction throughout the United States.

of Cambridge. He was employed for twelve years in the civil engineer's department of the city of Boston, and in 1893 was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Cambridge. He served in the Cambridge City Council in 1894 and 1895, and then as alderman for four years, the last two as president. He was mayor from January, 1907, to April, 1909, serving the extra three months on account of a change in the fiscal year.

In 1878 he enlisted in the Cambridge City Guard, Company B, Fifth Regiment, under Captain William A. Bancroft (now major general), and afterward served in Battery C, First Light Artillery, later being sergeant, major, adjutant and quartermaster of the First Battalion of Cavalry. He is at present president of the newly-formed Cambridge City Guard Veteran Corps.

Besides being connected with the Board of Trade and other institutions, Mr. Wardwell is prominent in Masonic circles. He is a past member of Mount Olivet Lodge, and is a member of Cambridge Chapter, and Cambridge Commandery, K.T. He is a past district deputy grand master in the " Blue Lodge."

Mr. Wardwell was married in Cambridge, in January, 1898, to the daughter of Austin Kingsley Jones, the old bell ringer at Harvard College. For many years the Wardwell home has been at 465 Broadway. There are two daughters. Misses Grace and Georgianna, and one son, Austin.

FISHER - WELLINGTON E George Fisher, eldest child of Jabez and Sarah (Livermore) Fisher, was bom in Cambridge, Febmary 15, 1820. He took the full course in the public and high schools of Cambridge, and a partial law course at Harvard University Law School, and was made a member of the Law School Association. He succeeded his father in the coal and wood business in 1845, and after carrying it on for several years sold it out and became a partner in the firm of Simmons & Fisher, organ builders in Charles Street, Boston. On March 30, 1859, he purchased the Cambridge Chronicle, and made the paper a profitable investment, and in 1859-1866 it had no competition in Cambridge. In 1873 he sold the newspaper plant to Linn Boyd Porter. In the Chronicle he advocated anti-slavery, temperance and Americanism as opposed to the "perilous encroachments" of the Roman Catholic church. He represented his district in the General Court in 1885. He founded the Cambridge Conservatory of Music in 1873, and with the assistance of his daughter and other instructors, taught music to large classes for several years. He was a well-known expert performer on the organ, and held positions at various times in the largest churches in Cambridge. He made a discriminating collection of music, both printed and in manuscript, and was one of the earliest members of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston, and a member of the governing board. The large Cambridge chorus that attracted so much notice at the World's Peace Jubilee was organized and trained by Mr. Fisher. He was a friend and benefactor to Elias Howe in his struggle to introduce the sewing machine, and gave his financial aid at a time when Mr. Howe appeared to him hopelessly in debt, and while the application for a patent was pending he accompanied Mr. Howe to Washington, and they each wore a smt of clothes made upon the machine which was the patent office model. "He was married March 16, 1840, to Hannah Cordelia, third child of Samuel P. and Eunice S. Teele, who was bom in Charlestown, October 9, 1818, and died July 3, 1S94. She was a member of the Austin Street Unitarian church, Cambridge. George Fisher died in Cambridge, September 1 2, 1 898. Their children were : Sarah Cordelia, born 1841, married, November 29, 1887, to Colonel Austin C. Wellington. Caroline Louise, bom 1843, married Colonel Austin C. Wellington, as his first wife, June 30, 1869, and she died November 23, 1879. George, bom in 1845, died in 1846. Anna Josephine, bom in 1847; died in 1851. Harriet Ellen, bom in 1849; died in 1850. Lizzie Livemiore, bom in 1850; died in 1853. Eliza Bennett, bom in 1853; died in 1875. George, bom in 1855; died in 1860. George William, bom in 1858; died in 1876. George Fisher outlived all his children except Sarah Cordelia. He had no grandchildren. A scholarship in Harvard Law School has been contributed by his daughter in memoriam of George Fisher.

Sarah Cordelia (Fisher) Wellington, eldest child of George and Hannah Cordelia (Teele) Fisher, and the last surviving member of a large family, was bom in Cambridge, Mass., October 10, 1841. She was graduated at the Cambridge high school, attended Professor Louis Agassiz's school and received musical instruction in London, England, from Senor Randegger and Madam Rudersdorf, and while in Europe in 1876, attended the first performance of Wagner's " Niebelungenleid," at Bayreuth. She married her brotherin-law. Colonel Austin Clarke Wellington, November 29, 1887, eight years after the death of his first wife, CaroHne Louise (Fisher) Wellington. Colonel Wellington had no children b}^ either wife. He was a son of Jonas Clarke and Harriet Eliza (Bosworth) Wellington, and was bom in Lexington, July 17, 1840, where he attended school up to 1856, when his parents removed to Cambridge, and he became a bookkeeper in the establishment of S. G. Bowdlear & Company, of Boston, and left the firm in August, 1862, to enlist in Company F, Thirty-eighth Massachusetts Regiment, and accompanied the regiment to Baltimore, New Orleans, and on the Red River expedition under General N. P. Banks. In July, 1864, he was transferred to Washington, D.C., and was in the arm}^ of General Sheridan during the closing period of the Civil War. He was acting adjutant of his regiment, with the rank of lieutenant, and later was appointed adjutant. His battles were: Bisland, Siege of Port Hudson, Cane River Ford, Mansura in Louisiana, and with Sheridan in Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, Virginia. He was mustered out of the volunteer service, June 30, 1865. Upon returning to Massachusetts he engaged in the coal business, and formed the corporation of the Austin C. Wellington Coal Company, of which he was treasurer and manager, and this grew into one of the largest concerns in its time, in New England. He continued his interest in military affairs, and May 2, 1870, entered the Massachusetts State Militia as captain of the Boston Light Infantrj', known as the "Tigers," Company A, Seventh Regiment. He was elected major of the Fourth Battalion in 1873, and colonel of the First Regiment, Febmary 24, 1SS2. His patriotic spirit was kept alive by membership in the Grand Army of the RepubUc, his comradeship dating from 1867 in Post 15. In 1874, he was chosen commander of Post No. 30, which post he helped to organize, and of which he was a charter member. He became commander of Post No. 113, in 1887, holding the position at the time of his death. He was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, and a trustee of the Soldier's Home at Chelsea. His business association was with the Boston Coal Exchange, of which he was chairman, and the Charles River Towing Company, of which he was president. He was president of the Boston Mercantile Library Association, and a member of the New England Club, Handel and Haydn Society, and Cecilia Society. His service to his state in a civic capacity was as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts, in 1875 and 1876. Colonel Wellington died at his home, 871 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, September 23, 1888. His widow, Mrs. Sarah Cordelia (Fisher) WeUington, siu-vived him. She was president of the Ladies' Aid Association, auxiliary to the Soldier's Home at Chelsea; a director of the Cambridge Conservatory of Music, founded by her father, and alHed with other philanthropic, religious and musical associations. Her musical talent was an inheritance from both her parents. She early sang in the choir in Cambridge and Boston. Her voice was heard for repeated seasons at Trinity Church, New Old South, Immanuel, and for nine seasons at the Park Street Church. She was a member of the Handel and Haydn Oratorio Society and of the Cecilia Society, and represented both societies at various times as soloist at their concerts in Music Hall, Boston. She was president of the Austin Street Unitarian Alliance, the largest in the United States, and of the South Middlesex Alliance, which met in Charming HaU, Boston. She was made a director of the National Alliance board; a member of the council of the Cantabrigia Club ; and vice-president; a member of the Woman Stiffrage League; of the Cambridge Shakespeare Club, and of the Browning Society, of Boston. She served as secretary and treasurer of the Rovindabout Club; as president of the

Wednesday Club, and as a director and vicepresident of the Young Women's Christian Association. She was made a life member of the New England Woman's Club, of the Woman's Educational and Industrial Union, and of the American Unitarian Association; an associate member of the Cambridge Conferences, and vice-president-at-large of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union; for several years president of the Daughters of Massachusetts. Her interest in the Cambridge Conservatory of Music on Lee Street, began in 1873, when with her father she founded the enterprise. She was a member of the faculty of Wellesley College and of the Tourjee Conservatory of Music in Boston. She sang by request in one of the Montreal cathedrals; appeared as accompanist with Camilla Urso, the celebrated violinist, and was always a willing volunteer on occasions for charity, given in opera, concerts, or at society functions. Her home in Cambridge became a mecca for musical enthusiasts visiting Boston, who had heard her in pubUc or learned of her work as teacher, through her pupils scattered over the entire United States, who had been fortimate in receiving her instruction and advice.

William Williamson Wellington

Wellington, William Williamson, was bom in West Cambridge, now known as Arlington, July 29, 1814. His parents were Timothy and Maria Eunice (Lord) Wellington, and he was educated at home under the personal instruction of his father; at the academy of John Anglers in Medford, and at Harvard University. He began the practice of medicine in 1838, and had continued it successfully up to the time of his death. Dr. Wellington was a member of several medical and scientific societies, among them being the Obstetrical Society of Boston and the Medical Improvement Society of Cambridge.

Dr. Wellington had always taken an active interest in educational matters, and was prominent in the social circles of his city. He served for forty years on the School Committee. He married, September 30, 1841, Lucy Elizabeth Carter, of Lancaster, and October 5, 1857, Martha Bond Carter, of Lancaster.

A History Of Cambridge, Massachusetts Henry Jackson Wells

HENRY JACKSON WELLS Wells, Henry Jackson, was bom in Charlestown, Mass., November 16, 1823, died November 24, 1912, son of Gideon Parker and Susannah (Wellington) Wells, and was educated in the public schools. Previous to the commencement of the study of his profession, he engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston and vicinity, and in 1848 and 1849 he lived in New Orleans. Going to California in 1849, he at once found employinent as a clerk in the courts, and when the state government was established, was retained in that position for a number of years, during which time he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He practised his profession until 1863, when he was elected as judge of one of the courts of San Francisco. Pre\'ious to this he was a member of the board of education, president of the common council, and police commissioner. Through the trying times of President Lincoln's administration he held the position of chairman of the Republican committee of the city and county of San Francisco. Returning to Massachusetts in 1866, he resided in Arhngton, and served as a member of the school committee. He removed to Cambridge, in 1877, and since that time was engaged in the practice of law in Boston. He was a member of the House of Representatives in 1880, 1881, and 1882, and was in the State Senate in 1883 and 1885, establishing a reputation as a legislator, and an authority on parliamentary procedure. Mr. Wells had been active in political life, having been chairman of the Republican City Committee of Cambridge for a number of years, and a member of the state committee for eleven years, and for seven years of that time its treasurer. He was a member of the Massachusetts, Middlesex, and Cambridge Clubs and of the Society of California Pioneers of San Francisco, and president of the Society of California Pioneers of New England. Judge WeUs was married, in 1856, to Miss Maria Adelaide Goodnow, of Boston, Mass., daughter of Lyman and Rebecca D. Goodnow. Mrs. Wells died in 1904, but their five children sur- \nve: Harrison G. Wells, of Chicago; Mrs. A. W. Cross, who kept house for her father in Cambridge; Mrs. Mary W. Stickney, of Arlington; Mrs. Henrietta W. Liverpool, of New York; and Welhngton Wells, of Boston. As one of the California Pioneers of 1849, it was his privilege to have a part in laying the foundations of the State.

William Lambert Whitney William Lami

Whitney, and received his education in the Cambridge schools and at Bradford Academy, Bradford, Mass. Mr. Whitney was for many years active in mercantile pursuits but retired from business in 1850. He always lived in Cambridge, and always took a lively interest in the material and social well-being of the city. He was one of the original members of the first city council of Cambridge. At the semi-centennial celebration of our city in 1S96, Mr. Whitney was invited to take part in the celebration as the honored guest of his native city, but was obliged to decline, on account of feeble health and advanced years. He was treasurer of the Cambridge Savings Bank for several years, and director of the American Unitarian Association for about ten years, resigning in 1888.

Mr. Whitney was married, October IS, 1836, to Lucy A. Jones, of the city of Cambridge, and on July 28, 1840, to Rebecca R. Brackett, of Quincy, Mass. He died in Cambridge, May 29, 1900, being survived by Lucy A. Whitney, W^illiam L. Whitney, Jr., and Mrs. Julia A. Wright.

William Haskell Wood

WILLIAM HASKELL WOOD Wood, William Haskell, for a nvm:iber of years a leading lumber merchant of Cambridge, was bom in Hudson, Mass., January 18, 1847, a son of Alonzo Wood of that town. The family of which he was a representative has been established in Middlesex County more than two hundred years, the records of Concord showing that Jacob Wood, son of Michael, was bom there in 1662. Jacob's son Ephraim was the father of Peter Wood, a native of Concord, who settled in Marlboro. Jedediah Wood, son of Peter and Sybil (Howe) Wood, was born in Marlboro, May 16, 1777. His business was cloth-dressing; and he lived for twenty years at "The Mills," where he was one of the earliest settlers. He died in 1867. Jedediah Wood married, in 1801, Miss Betsey Wilkins, and had seven children, one of his sons being Colonel William H. Wood, and another Alonzo, the father of the above-named, who was bom in Hudson, Mass. Alonzo Wood devoted his energies to the limiber business. He married, and had three children: Frank J., EHza Ann and William Haskell.

William Haskell Wood spent his boyhood days in Hudson, attending school and working in his father's lumber mill. When he was about seventeen years of age he went to Boston, with the hope of improving his prospects; but an attack of illness caused him to return to Hudson within a year, and he remained in his native town until he was twenty. He then secured employment in Cambridge with Gale Dudley & Co. , and after five years he formed a partnership with George W. Gale, a son of his employer, and with him succeeded to the business. In 1881 they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Wood bought out Burrage Brothers, whose wharf, at the junction of Broadway, Third and Main Streets, was enlarged under his ownership. It now comprises the Fisk Wharf on Main Street and the Day and Collins Wharf adjoining. Mr. Wood was the senior member of the firm of Wood & Baker, who were owners of large lumber mills in Tennessee and North Carolina.

In September, 1874, Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Miss Anna M., daughter of Samuel and Lucy Dudley. They had five children, two of whom are now living.

Mr. Wood was well advanced in Masonry, belonging to Mizpah Lodge, F.&A.M.; Cambridge Arch Chapter; and Boston Commandery, Knights Templar. He was an attendant at the First Universalist Church.

James Adams Woolson

JAMES ADAMS WOOLSON WooLSON, James Adams, a leading citizen of Cambridge, was bom in Hopkinton, Middlesex County, Mass. He was the elder son of James Rix and Eda (Adams) Woolson. He was fitted for college at the Old Gates Academy, in Mariboro, of which the noted 0. W. Albee was the preceptor. Mr. Albee afterwards entered public life as a member for several years of the House of Representatives and the Senate. In consequence of circumstances entirely beyond his control, young Woolson was obliged to abandon entering Harvard University, as was his desire, and as had been the purpose and intention of his parents.

About this time, in 1846, his uncle, Hon. Lee Claflin, and his son, ex-govemor William Claflin, gave him a position as boy in their store in Boston. Not many years after this, Lee Claflin retired from active business altogether, devoting his time thereafter to the care of his large property, and to charitable, benevolent and philanthropic work. From that time, Mr. Woolson had been associated in business with ex-Governor Claflin as boy, clerk and partner for upwards of fifty years - which length of time is something very remarkable in these days of frequent changes. He was, at the time of his death, a stockholder in the corporation of H. Brigham & Gregory- Co. This company succeeded Y. Brigham & Co., and Gregory, Shaw & Co. The latter firm followed William Claflin, Cobum & Co. and William Claflin & Co., who were the direct successors of the original house established by Hon. George Claflin in 1815. Until a few years ago, the firms occupied the store built for them at 136 Summer Street, opposite South Street, Boston, which was the site of Daniel Webster's home. He was also one of the incorporators of the Suffolk Savings Bank, of Boston.

Mr. Woolson was a member of the firm of Loring, Tolmant Tripp, bankers, Boston, and their predecessors. He contributed generously in many ways in the time of the Civil War, was drafted, but could not pass examination, and sent a substitute in his place, in the meantime caring materially for his family while he was in the field, and afterwards. He was a member of the Eastern Yacht Club, Massachusetts,

Cambridge, Colonial and Union Clubs, and some fifteen or more other organizations, though not really regarding himself as a club man in the ordinary acceptation of that term. He was a director in the North Bank of Redemption, and previously in the Shoe and Leather Bank and the Revere. He was vice-president of the Boston Five Cent Savings Bank, a director of the First National Bank of Cambridge, and was identified with the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. He had steadily refused to accept offers of poHtical preferment, thinking he had not the time to attend to public duties properly, and always feeling that there were man}^ others of his fellow-citizens who were much better fitted for such positions than he was; as a matter of duty, however, he served in the city government.

Mr. Woolson, when a clerk, was librarian, director, treasurer, vice-president and president of the Old Mercantile Librarj^ Association, and gave cheerfully much good, solid hard work to help it obtain the influence and prosperity which it certainly enjoyed in an eminent degree throughout the city in its day. At the time he was president, 1853 and 1854, the association numbered two thousand five hundred of the merchants' clerks of the city of Boston. This was before the days of the public library, Young Men's Christian Association and Union, and when the merchants and their clerks lived in town, and not in the suburbs, as now. "The Old M.L.A." was a great power for good in those days, say between the years 1840 and 1860.

In 1859, Mr. Woolson was married to Miss Annie Williston Dickinson, of Boston. Her grandfather, John Williston, was an officer in the custom house under General Benjamin Lincoln, the first collector of the port of Boston, who was appointed by President George Washington. Mr. Williston died young, from the effects of a severe cold caused by exposure at the time of the Embargo. Her father was Daniel Dickinson, of Old Hadley, Mass., who was of the Dickinson family and ancestry of Amherst, Hadley and that vicinity. Her family on both sides took an active part in the Colonial Wars, the War of the Revolution, War of 1812, and in the War of the Rebellion; her only brother, Lieutenant Dickinson, gave his life for his country. His name is on the soldiers' monument on Cambridge Common. A number of Mr. Woolson's ancestors did duty in the Revolutionary War, and several of his relatives on both sides of the house gave their services, and some their lives, in the War of the Rebellion.

Mr. Woolson died at his home in Cambridge, at the age of seventy-four years, January 25, 1904, and is survived by a widow, and also by two daughters, Mrs. James L. Paine and Mrs. Byron S. Hurlburt.

Benjamin F. Wyeth

BENJAMIN F. WYETH Wyeth, Benjamin Franklin, was born in Cambridge, December, 1845; died, August 7, 1909, and had always lived here. His , ancestors settling in Cambridge in 1645. He attended the Cambridge schools, graduating from the old Washington Grammar School. For a number of years Mr. Wyeth was employed in the store of James H. Wyeth. In 1890, his father, Benjamin Francis Wyeth, died. He had established, in 1850, an undertaking business in Harvard Square, which is believed to be the oldest in the city today. Upon his death, the business was taken up by Mr. Wyeth, in company with his brother, Henry A. Wyeth, as Wyeth Bros. This continued until 1904, when his brother died. Mr. Wyeth then carried on the business alone for about a year, when his son, Benjamin F. Wyeth, Jr., became a member of the firm, and has continued same until the present time. He will hereafter carry on the business, assisted by his brother Henry D. Wyeth, at 33 Brattle Street, where the office has been located since it was moved from Harvard Square. Mr. Wyeth was well known in a two-fold capacity - as a Harvard Square business man and as sexton of the First Church, Congregational. His father was for thirtynine years the church sexton and upon his death, in 1890, Mr. Wyeth succeeded him in the position, holding it up to the time of his death. He was regarded as a fixture in this old, conservative church, and, when he talked of resigning, the church prevailed upon him to remain, and voted to give him an assistant.

Mr. Wyeth married in 1876, Caroline E., daughter of Joseph Bird, of Watertown, who survives him. His sons and daughter are: Marion B., Herbert F., Benjamin F., Jr., and Henry D. His three sisters all live in Cambridge: Mrs. L. F. West, Miss Zoa A. Wyeth, and Miss Alice A. Wyeth. His brother, John B. Wyeth, lives in Philadelphia.

Mr. Wyeth was a veteran of the Civil War, having served as a member of the Twelfth Unattached Company, M.V.M., and going into the service in place of his father, who was a member of the organization. This was a Cambridge company, raised by Dr. S. W. Driver and others. Mr. Wyeth was also a member of Harvard Council, Royal Arcanum. In previous years he had been a Mason and an Odd Fellow, but he had not kept up his membership in either order for some time. He was a member of the Massachusetts Undertakers' Association, and of the Massachusetts Social Club of Undertakers.

did consent, however, to serx^e as a member of the city government in 1860. During his term he gave evidence of having a thorough vmderstanding of public questions.

James Hicks Wyeth

JAMES HICKS WYETH Wyeth, James Hicks, merchant, was bom at Watertown, Mass., on the 24th of July, 1830, being the son of Jonas and EHzabeth N. (Flagg) Wyeth. The family moved to Cambridge, and the boy received his education in the public schools of this city. Immediately after leaving school he went to work.

About 1853 Mr. Wyeth, in partnership with Thomas Hayes, opened a grocery store on Boylston Street, Harvard Square. Afterwards quarters directly opposite were occupied. Here for many years the business was carried on by the firm of J. H. Wyeth and Company. The constantly increasing volume of trade led to the organizing of a corporation, the J. H. Wyeth Company. This has enabled Mr. Wyeth to leave the active management to others; but he shows that he still has an interest in the welfare of the concern, for he may be frequently found at his desk there.

By his marriage to Maria C. Warland, he has had three children: James D., who died in May, 1912; Elizabeth F. and Walter F. His home is in Cambridge.

John Palmer Wyman

JOHN PALMER WYMAN Wyman, John Palmer, lawyer, was bom at West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass., March 7, 1852. He is the son of John P. Wyman, bom July 31, 1815, who died Jidy 1, 1891, and Margaret Richardson, bom January 26, 1823, who died August 29, 1911. The subject of this sketch was graduated from the Boston Latin School in June, 1870, being a Franklin Medal Scholar; from Harvard College, A.B., in 1874, and Harvard Law School, LL.B., in 1876.

still his home. Four children were bom of this marriage: Mary Squire, bom August 5, 1881, who is now the wife of Owen Eugene Pomeroy and lives in New York ; John Palmer, Jr., bom July 15, 1884; Samuel Edwin, 2d, bom Febmary 17, 1887, who died March 6, 1890; Margaret Gwendolen, bom June 20, 1898. The elder daughter, Mrs. Pomeroy, graduated from the Cambridge Latin School in 1900, and from

Radcliffe in 1903, with the degree of A.B., receiving that of A.M. in 1905. His son John attended the Cambridge Latin School, graduated in 1903, matriculated at Harvard, but left in the middle of his freshman year to engage in business.

Mr. Wyman himself on leaving college had not immediately begun the practice of law. Business and travel had occupied him largely up to the fall of 1880. In November of that year he was admitted to the Suffolk Bar. Since then he has been at 30 Court Street, Boston, wh'ere he has taken care of the interests of a large number of clients, quietly but efficiently.

His twin brother, Samuel Edwin, practised medicine in this city, and resided at the comer of Mount Auburn Street and Putnam Avenue. He married Annie Goodale Gooch. He died May 15, 1896, survived by his wife. He had no children.

Le Baron Russell Briggs

LE BARON RUSSELL BRIGGS Briggs, Le Baron Russell, educator, was bom at Salem, Mass., December 11, 1855. He graduated from Harvard in 1875, receiving his degree of A.M. in 1882. The honorary degree of LL.D. was given him by that institution in 1900, and by Western Reserve College in 1906. From 1885 to 1890 he was assistant professor, and since 1890 has been professor of English at Harvard. He was dean of the college from 1891 to 1902. He has been dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences since 1902, and Boylston professor of Rhetoric and Oratory since 1904. He was elected president of Radcliffe College in 1903, and still holds that office. He was married to Mary Frances De Quedville, September 5. 1883.

John J. Carty

Carty, John J., was bom in Cambridge, Mass., April 14, 1861. His early education was obtained in the schools of Cambridge. At the time he had about finished his preparatory studies for college he was obliged, on account of a serious trouble with his eye-sight, to abandon his school work indefinitely.

The telephone having just been invented and being one of the first to appreciate its possibilities, Mr. Carty entered the service of the Bell Telephone Company, for which concern he has been at work ever since, having to his credit more than thirty-two years of continuous service in its behalf.

His first work was at Boston, and while there he made a ntimber of contributions to the art of telephony which were of unusual value, and have since become a permanent part of the art.

Under his direction was installed the first multiple switchboard at Boston, which was at that time the largest ever put into use. For the "express" telephone system, peculiar to that city, he designed and installed a switchboard which was the first metallic circuit multiple board to go into service. The fundamental features of this board are at present in all the boards of today.

In 1887 Mr. Carty took charge of the cable department of the Western Electric Company in the East, with headquarters at New York. In this capacity he studied cable manufacture and laying, and introduced a number of improvements, having charge of all the important cable-laying projects which were carried on for some time in the East. One of his engineering developments resulted in cutting in half the -cost of cable manufacture. He then took charge of the switchboard department of the Western Electric Company for the East, and tmder his direction were installed most of the large switchboards of that period, among which was the original Cortland Street multiple board. During this time he made a number of important improvements in switchboards, which have since become standard practice.

He was the first to practically demonstrate how to operate two or more telephone circuits connected directly with a common battery, and about 1888 installed, for the supply of operators' telephones, common battery systems in a niunber of central offices. From these early experiments has grown the modern system now generally employed.

Although charged with serious practical engineering problems, Mr. Carty has fotmd time to follow to some extent his strong natural inclination for original research. He made an exhaustive investigation into the nature of the disttubances to which telephone lines are subjected and gave the first public account of his work in a paper entitled, "A New View of Telephone Induction," read before the Electric Club on November 21, 1889. The \'iew put forth in the paper was revolutionary, but, nevertheless, after being checked by numbers of experiments in this country and Europe received universal acceptance, and is the one now adopted in all works dealing with the subject. In this paper he showed the o\-erwhelming preponderance of electrostatic induction as a factor in producing cross-talk, and proved that there is in a telephone line a particvdar point in the circuit at which, if a telephone is inserted, no cross-talk will be heard. The paper gave directions for determining this silent or neutral point, and described original experiments showing how to distinguish between electrostatic and electromagnetic induction in telephone lines.

On March 17, 1891, Mr. Carty made additional contributions to the knowledge of this subject in a paper before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, entitled "Inductive Disturbances in Telephone Circuits." This paper might better have been called "The Theory of Transpositions," because in it was first made known precisely why twisting or transposing telephone Hnes renders them free from inductive disturbances.

In 1889 he entered the service of the MetropoUtan Telephone and Telegraph Company, now the New York Telephone Company, for the purpose of organizing all of the technical departments, building up its staff, and reconstructing the entire plant of the company - converting it from grounded circuits overhead and series switchboards to metallic circuits placed tmderground and to the then new bridging switchboards. In carrjdng out this work he selected and trained a large stafE of young men fresh from college, many of whom have since attained positions of prominence in the telephone field. In the development of the personnel of his department, Mr. Carty has taken a particular pride, looking to the welfare of those already engaged, and through his touch with prominent technical educators, adding each year to his staff, from the graduating classes of our principal technical schools.

Mr. Carty's work in connection with the development of the plant of the New York Telephone Company has been most successful and far-reaching in its consequences. Based upon his plans and under his direction, there has been constructed a telephone system which, according to the foremost authorities in the world, is without a parallel in its efficiency and scope. His work has been studied and approved by all of the technical administrations of Europe and even of Asia, and to a large extent what he has done for the telephone art in the United States;

In recognition of his achievements as an engineer and in view of the services which he rendered to the Japanese Government in connection with electrical engineering, he was decorated with the Order of the Rising Sun by the late Emperor of Japan, who, shortly before his death, again decorated Mr. Carty, conferring upon him the Order of the Sacred Treasure, for valuable services rendered to Japan and her people. In China, where a commission has recently investigated the telephone systems of the world, that of New York was selected as the model for Pekin, and as a consequence the first great order for a telephone system in China was given to American manufacturers.

While for many years Mr. Carty's work was more particularly directed to the extraordinary problems of telephony presented by the great centers of population, it remained for him to accomplish a revolution in telephony of the greatest social and economic value to rural communities in all parts of the world. Prior to this work upon the subject, the nimiber of telephone stations which could be operated upon one line was limited and the service was imperfect. As a result of his solution of a problem presented by the New York Central Railroad in the city of New York, he devised a mechanism known as the "bridging bell," whereby any number of stations, even as many as a hundred, might be placed upon a line without in any way impairing the transmission of speech. This made possible the farmers' line, which is found by the hundreds of thousands in farmers' houses in America, and is now being extended abroad. For this achievement there was conferred upon him by the Franklin Institute the Edward Longstreth Medal of Merit.

Mr. Carty is chief engineer of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, in which capacity he is responsible for the standardizing of methods of construction and operation of its vast plant, which extends into every community in the United States, and which, through its long-distance wires, extends into Canada and Mexico.

its higher branches, and is a member of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education. In connection with the technical or what might be called the "trade school" feature of educational work, he has taken a lively interest and is an active member of the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, and is a member of the Millbum Board of Education in New Jersey.

Mr. Carty has been prominent in the affairs of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, of which he is vice-president and director. He is the past president of the New York Electrical Society; member of the Society of Arts, and honorary member of the American Electro- Therapeutic Association, the Telephone Society of Pennsylvania, the Telephone Society of New England, and the Telephone Society of New York.

He is a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the American-Irish Historical Society; belongs to the Baltusrol and the Casino Clubs of Short Hills, and to the Engineers', Electric and Railroad Clubs of New York.

In 1891 he married Miss Marion Mount Russell, of the Irish family of Russells and the the English Mounts, which has been distinguished in the annals of the stage, the only present representative of which now upon the stage is Miss Annie Russell. He lives at Short Hills, N.J., and has one son, John Russell Carty, a youth of twenty-one years.

Frederick Simpson Deitrick

FREDERICK SIMPSON DEITRICK Deitrick, Frederick Simpson, lawyer and member of Congress, was bom at -New Brighton, Pa., on April 9, 1875, being the son of Frederick A. and Louisa (McKnight) . Deitrick. His father was in the railroad business. Frederick Simpson Deitrick attended Geneva College, from which he received the degree of B.S. He then began the study of law at the Harvard Law School, graduated with the class of 1897 and was given the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the Suffolk Bar in 1899, he has since engaged in general practice, becoming also a member of the United States District and Circuit Court Bar. Mr. Deitrick represented Cambridge in the State Legislature for three terms, 1903, 1904 and 1905. He was the Democratic candidate for Congress in 1906. Although defeated, he polled an unusually large vote, when it is remembered that normally the district is strongly Republican. In 1912, however, he was successful in his contest with Frederick Dallinger, the Republican candidate, and was elected to Congress.

Congressman Deitrick's home in Cambridge is on Massachusetts Avenue. His law offices are on State Street, Boston. He is a member of the Bar Association of Boston.

Charles R. Greco

Greco, Charles R., architect, was bom in Cambridge on the 15th of October, 1873, being the son of Letterio and Catherine (Raggio) Greco. He attended the pubHc schools of this city, and then studied architecture at the Lawrence Scientific School. After this he entered the employ of Messrs. Wait and Cutter, with whom he remained from 1893 to 1899. In the latter year he became connected with Messrs. Peabody and Steams. He stayed in their office until 1907, when he began to practice for himself. Mr. Greco has made a special study of public buildings. Among those he has planned might be mentioned the following, which architectural critics declare to have been successfully designed, showing both individuality and practicabiUty : Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Cambridge; St. Patrick's Church, Brockton; Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Jamaica Plain; Thomdike School, Cambridge; Charles Bulfinch School, Boston; Cambridge Theatre; Elks' Temple, Cambridge; Nautical Garden, Revere; Wyeth Square Fire Station, Cambridge.

The professional and social organizations of which he is a member include the Boston Society of Architects, Boston Rotar>' Club, CathoHc Union, Knights of Columbus, Cambridge Board of Trade and Cambridge Lodge of Elks.

On the 16th of April, 1902, Mr. Greco was married to Miss Gertmde L. Hennessy. Their home is at 36 Fresh Pond Parkway in this city, and Mr. Greco's offices are in Boston, at 8 Beacon Street.

Edwin Blaisdell Hale

EDWIN BLAISDELL HALE Hale, Edwin Blaisdell, la\vyer, was bom at Orford, N.H., on the 16th of June, 1839. His parents were Aaron and Mary Hale. He graduated from Dartmouth College with the degree of A.B. in 1865. He attended the Harvard Law School, and in 1875 graduated from that institution, recei\'ing his degree of LL.B. Mr. Hale was admitted to the bar on September 15, 1875. Since then, with the exception of a few years when he was superintendent of schools in Cambridge, Mr. Hale has been engaged in the practice of his profession. He is the senior member of the law firm of Hale and Dickerman, of Boston. Mr. Hale served in the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1878-1879.

George Hodges

GEORGE HODGES Hodges, George, dean of the Episcopal Theological School, was bom at Rome, N.Y., October 6, 1856. He is the son of George Frederick and Hannah (Bullard) Hodges. He graduated in 1877, and received the degree of A.M. in 1882 from Hamilton College. Western University gave him the degree of D.D. in 1892, and Hobart College that of D.C.L. in 1902. He was ordained deacon in 1881, and priest in 1882. He was assistant rector of Calvary Church, Pittsburg, from 1881 to 1889, and rector from 1889 to 1894. Dr. Hodges has been dean of the Theological School since 1894. He is president of the Associated Charities and the Cambridge South End House. Dr. Hodges has written many books and articles dealing with religion and ethics.

Robert Noxon Toppan

ROBERT NOXON TOPPAN ToppAN, Robert Noxon, writer on historical, economic and monetary subjects, was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., October 17, 1836, being the son of Charles and Laura Ann Toppan. His early education was received in his native city and in New York, whither the family had removed when he was twelve years old. He graduated from Harvard in 1858, and from the

Columbia Law School in 1861. He entered a New York law office, but never practised. The following years, until 1880, were spent in Europe with his family. He came back to America that year, and on October 6th married Miss Sarah Moody Cushing of Newburyport. They went abroad, and after their return settled in Cambridge in 1882. Of the marriage four children were bom: Laura N., November 17, 1881; Fanny Cushing (now Mrs. Benjamin Hurd of New Jersey), August 26, 1883 ; Cushing, November 25, 1886; and Charies Frederick, May 28, 1889.

Mr. Toppan devoted his time to the study of history and economics, taking an especial interest in civil service reform and international coinage. Besides many pamphlets on monetary questions, his works include an extensive biography of Edward Randolph and a collection of biographies of natives of Newburyport. He was a member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia. Among the other organizations to which he belonged are the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Antiquarian Society, the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, and the Century Club of New York.

In order to further the study of PoUtical Science, a subject which engaged much of his attention, he gave Harvard College one hundred and fifty dollars annually from 1880 to 1894, when he made a gift of three thousand dollars, the income from which is used for the Toppan Prize.

Joseph Goodnow

GooDNOw, Joseph, lumber merchant, son of Luther and Sally (Abbott) Goodnow, was born in vSudbury, Mass., June 16, 1814, and attended the district school there. He left his home in Sudbury in 1835, on reaching his majority, and engaged in the lumber business, becoming the senior member of the firm of Joseph Goodnow & Co., Boston. He was married in Boston, November 30, 1842, to Lucia M., daughter of Nathaniel and Hannah (Maynard) Rice, of Sudbury, Mass.

Mr. Goodnow was a member of the Central Square Baptist Church in Cambridge, and in 1871 was elected a deacon of the society, and was re-elected in 1881. He served as trustee of Tremont Temple of Boston for many years, and in his home church. At the close of Sunday School service on January 29, 1882, a stroke of apoplexy caused his death. The Central Square Baptist Church Society lost a servant who had worked faithfully for a generation. He is survived by Ella Josephine Boggs, born August 8, 1847; she was married January 12, 1875, to Edwin P. Boggs.

Edwin P. Boggs

EDWIN P. BOGGS Boggs, Edwin P., a prominent resident of this city, was bom in Philadelphia. His father, Francis P. Boggs, a captain in the merchant marine, afterwards came to Cambridge to live. Edwin decided on a mercantile career. Engaged in the wholesale ,L,'roccry trade, Mr. Boggs was also interested in lumber and shipping; four or five schooners belonged to him. He was connected with Richardson & Bacon until that firm was absorbed by the Bay State Fuel Company, of which he then became a member. At the time of his death, Mr. Boggs was the owner of the concern of Joseph Goodnow & Company.

Well known as a yachtsman, Mr. Boggs had been commodore of the Massachusetts Yacht Club, and when it was consolidated with the Hull Yacht Club, he was elected to the same office in the latter organization. He was a member of the Oak Bluffs and the New Bedford Yachting Association ; the Oakley Country Club and the Boston Athletic Association; and the old Union, the Colonial and the Cambridge Clubs, of this city.

The Harry Elkins Widener Library

Gore Hall was disgracefvilly inadequate for the needs of America's oldest and greatest university. This old building, since 1841 the college library, has been demolished, and the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library will supersede it.

Harvard gets this gift through the generosity of the mother of Harry Elkins Widener. She lost her husband and her son in the wreck of the Titanic. The husband, George D. Widener, was the son of P. A. B. Widener, whose generosity has been shown in many ways in and about

Harry Elkins Widener, with his father, George D. Widener, was a passenger on the Titanic, of fateful memory. The young bibliophile had been pursuing his favorite quest in Europe - the search for books of sufficient value to have a place in his Hbrary. Among the rarities he had acquired was a first edition of Bacon's Essays. He prized the little volume so highly that he refused to entrust it to the mails, and carried it in his pocket on that trip across the

Front Elevation

^ Harry Elkins Widener was bom in Philadelphia in 1885, prepared for college at the High School at Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and was graduated from Harvard with the class of 1907. He was well-known at college and became a member of the Institute of 1770, the Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Phi Delta Psi, the Hasty Pudding Club and other student organizations. The Harvard librarians knew that this undergraduate was interested in books, but they did not realize that this youth just starting the twenties was already beginning what in the

Atlantic which ended in the disaster of April, 1912. The copy of the famous Essays went down with this lover of books to his grave in the sea.

There is a certain poetic fitness in the association of books and collector even in death; for Harry Elkins Widener lived with his books as few men have ever done. His library was his bedroom, and his waking gaze fell upon his cherished companions.

of which one hundred and two copies were printed. Harvard has the copy numbered twenty-five. Since that Hst was made the collector had acqiiired many very valuable works, one of which is said to have cost him $25,000.

A turning of the pages of the catalogue shows, however, that his library contained rare first editions, "association books" (volumes valuable because of the authors who have owned them, the inscriptions they contain, or the history of

There are large collections of drawings by Cruikshank, a volume of unpublished sketches by Aubrey Beardsley, and, not to mention any others, a book which the collector used to show with laughter to his friends. This was a presentation copy of the Ingoldsby Legends from the author to his friend, E. R. Moran. It happened that one of the pages had been left blank, and their vicissitudes), extra-illustrated books, and a certain nuinber of manuscripts. He owned the four folios of Shakespeare, first editions of the "Fairie Queene," of Ben Johnson's works, of "Robinson Crusoe," of "Gulliver's Travels," of "The Vicar of Wakefield," of the "Elegy in a Country Churchyard," and others almost as famous. There were first editions and presentation copies of Dickens, Thackeray, Browning, Tennyson and Stevenson, and many manuscripts from the period to which these writers belonged. The assembly of books by and about "R. L. S." was probably unique. Here is all that Stevenson ever wrote toward his autobiography, the original manuscript in a quarto blank book.

There are autograph manuscripts of Swinburne, including the pamphlet of 1872, in reply to Robert Buchanan's "The Fleshly School of Poetry," on one page of which appears the famous passage attacking Tennyson - a passage which was at once suppressed. Only three copies of the original leaf are known; this one

Thos. Ingoldsby

THOS. INGOLDSBY. These books make many times over the most valuable bequest the Harvard Library has received since 1638, when it was established by the modest bequest of three hundred and seventy books from John Harvard, for whom the university was named.

The Widener bequest called attention once more to the insufficiencies of Gore Hall. Mrs. Widener immediately proposed to erect a suitable building or wing in which to shelter her son's books. Then she was shown the opporttmity which had come to her for rendering a vast service to scholarship and education, and she notified President Lowell that she would like to provide Harvard with the long-awaited library, a building to contain all the books of the college and to afford room for growth.

The new building will have a capacity for 2,500,000 volumes, almost five times the number which could be stored in Gore Hall. Thus the stack space will be about the same as that in the new Fifth Avenue building of the New York Public Library. The building will cover a little more groimd space than the Public Library in Copley Square, Boston, and the reading room will contain about one hundred more square feet than the Bates Hall Reading Room in the Boston building.

At the very heart of the great fire-proof structure of brick and limestone which is to be erected immediately in the Harvard College yard will be the large room in which will be installed the Widener collection, the library of rare volimies which had given Harry Elkins Widener his honorable place among the great bibliophiles of the world. Access to the collection will be through the Widener Memorial Hall, a room forty by thirty-two feet, and lighted on each side by a court. Then on each side of the Widener collection will be rooms in which are to be placed the large accimiulation of precious manuscripts and priceless volumes which already belong to Harvard, and which for years were sheltered in Gore Hall in what was called the Treasure Room.

Briefly, these are the dimensions and the arrangements of the new structure. It wiU face the interior of the college yard and the main entrance will be directly south of Appleton Chapel, the college church. The ground covered measures two hundred and six by two hundred and seventy-five feet, the longest dimension being north and south. Outside of this dimension of two hundred and seventy-five feet come the imposing flight of steps, descending from the first floor to the yard, and the Corinthian colonnade.

The principal facade is to be most impressive. Twelve Corinthian colvmins, each forty feet high, rest on a portico of one hundred and twenty-eight feet, which extends along the front of the building, reached by the steps from the ground twelve feet below. On each side of the porlico are one large and several small windows, and back of it are the main entrance doors to the library. The long facades also are most handsome, with porticoes carrying four columns surmounted by well-proportioned pediments at each end. The rear or Massachusetts Avenue front will also be attractive and dignified and will have an entrance.

The lowest or basement floor of the building rises from the ground to the level of the portico. There are on this floor large special reading rooms for the departments of history, government and economics, accommodating about one hundred and fifty students. Also, here are work-rooms for the staff, a rest room and a limch room for the women employes of the library, together with apartments designed for dupHcate books, the archives of the university, the quinquennial catalogues, and a large newspaper room.

Now comes the first or main floor, on the level of the portico and main entrance. Here the memorial feature has its most imposing illustration. The visitor will pass through the doors into a vestibule, which opens into a great entrance haU, and this in turn leads to the Widener Memorial HaU. There is an intimation in one of the blueprint drawings that a bust of Harry Elkins Widener will have a place here.

Beyond is the room for the Widener collection, flanked by the rooms for the reception of the contents of the present Gore Hall treasure room. Further back comes a great open court, fifty-two feet by one himdred and twelve feet, which will provide light for the interior of the building. At the right and left of the main entrance are the offices of the chiefs of the library staff, and in the northeast comer a group of rooms for cataloguing and other work of the library.

At the head of the stairs, on the second floor, will be the card catalogue room, and back of it the delivery room where books will be given out, this much after the manner of the Boston and New York Public Libraries. Then on the north side, facing the college yard, extending from east to west one hundred and thirty-six feet, and going up through three stories of the building, is the main reading room, with seats for three hundred and seventy-five students. At each end of this large room will be a special reading

The next or mezzanine floor contains a large art and archaeology room and a map room. On the top floor are the bindery, a photographing room, special quarters for the Classical Ubrary, the English library, the library of the Romance department, and other collections, and, running around three sides of the building, a series of twenty or more rooms of various sizes for seminaries where instructors can meet their classes and have their reference books near at hand. These rooms come above the book stacks, which stop at the level of this floor.

These "stacks," the cases in which the books of all great libraries are kept, extend, roughly speaking, around the east, south and west sides of the building. They will be Hghted by windows on the outside and on the three open coiu-ts in the interior of the building. Expected to hold about two millions and a half of books, they would make, laid down on one level, about fifty-nine miles of shelves. The stacks are about thirty feet in width. They run from the basement to the third floor, but for convenience of access are themselves divided into seven floors.

Thus, at last Harvard's library is to take the place in the eyes of the world which long it has held in the estimation of those who have expert information about books. There are but three Ubraries in the United States which contain more volumes than Harvard's, namely, the Congressional Library in Washington, the Public Library of New York City, and the Boston PubHc Library.

A word should be said about the treasiires which Harvard wiU deposit in the rooms that are to flank, at each side, the room which will contain the Widener collection. In the fireproof quarters built in Gore Hall for the keeping of these precious things were to be seen beautiful specimens of early printing, many examples of the work of the famous presses of the Middle Ages, books printed on velltim and on parchment, illviminated books, rare Bibles and office books, and such splendid rarities as Racine's New Testament - fit companion to Samuel Johnson's New Testament which comes to Harvard with the Widener gift - Milton's Pindar and Bunyan's Bible; a quantity of Carlyle books with his blunt notes and comments all over their pages; a copy of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates in the Greek character, worth, perhaps, $7,000; such priceless original manuscripts as that of Bvuns' "Scots Who Hae wi' Wallace Bled," and Shelley's "Ode to a Skylark " ; nature books covered with the dainty drawings of the poet Thomas Gray; an autograph book containing a Milton signatvue and "sentiment," and himdreds more.

Now Harvard's treasures will have their fitting home. But not all the books owned by the university will go into this new building: the Harvard libraries contain about 1,000,000 books and 500,000 pamphlets, and many of these are in the libraries of the law school, the medical school, the divinity school, and the other departments that combine to make the university. There were in Gore HaU about 500,000 volumes; about 150,000 additional volumes are scattered about in various buildings belonging to the college. These 650,000 volumes and some 400,000 pamphlets, which make up the college library proper, wiU be placed in the Widener building. Thus the new structiire will take care of the library needs for many years. The special libraries of the departments will remain where they are.

Educational Radcliffe College

In 1879, the Society for the Collegiate Instruction oj Women was organized for the purpose of providing systematic instruction for women by professors and other instructors in Harvard University. The work thus begun was carried on with increasing success, but in no official relation with the University, untU 1894, when the name of the Society was changed, by act of the General Court of Massachusetts, to Radclife College. By the same act Radcliffe College is authorized "to furnish instruction and the opportimities of collegiate life to women, and to

Under this provision, and with the consent of the Board of Overseers, the President and Fellows of Harvard College have been constituted the Board of Visitors of Radcliffe College; and they have authorized the President to countersign the diplomas of Radcliffe College and to affix to them the seal of Harvard University. The administration of the affairs of Radcliffe College and the powers and functions of all its promote their higher education"; and "to confer on women all honors and degrees as fully as any vmiversity or college in this Commonwealth is now so empowered respecting men or women, - provided, however, that no degree shall be so conferred by the said Radcliffe College except with the approval of the President and Fellows of Harvard College, given on satisfactory evidence of such qualification as is accepted for the same degree when conferred by Harvard University." Further, "it may confer at any time upon the President and Fellows of Harvard College such powers of visitation and of direction and control over its management as the said officers are subject to the direction and control of the Board of Visitors, and no instructor or examiner can be appointed, employed, or retained, without their approval.

The immediate government of the College is vested in a Council and an Academic Board. The Council, consisting of the President, the Dean, and the Chairman of the Academic Board, with seven other members chosen by the Associates, each for the term of seven years, has general control of all the affairs of the College, including the educational work, the government of the students, and the conferring of degrees. The Chairman of the Academic Board must be a member of the Factdty of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University, and his election is subing members are appointed annually by the Associates, subject to the express approval of ject to the express approval of the Board of Visitors. The President and Dean are ex-officio members of the Academic Board. The remainthe Board of Visitors, from the teachers or Associates of RadclifCe College who are also members of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Harvard.

The Browne And Nichols School

Impressed with the necessity for a thorough and progressive school for boys in Cambridge, Prof. Child, Prof. Norton, and others, in the fall of 1882, gave their encouragement and patronage to a small private class formed with a, view to the estabhshment of such a school. With the co-operation of the late Edgar H. Nichols, the result was the organization the next year, at No. 11 Appian Way, of the Browne and Nichols School. The school was immediately successful, and in September, 1885, moved to more commodious quarters at No. 8 Garden Street, opposite the playground on the

Common. In 1887 the gymnasium was built and equipped by Dr. Sargent. A new building, now owned and used by RadclifEe College, was built in the rear. Experience satisfactorily tested the superior Hghting, heating, and ventilating of this building, and proved that in every detail it was admirably adapted to the growing needs of the School. Accordingly, in 1897, when the School moved to its present site, on the corner of Berkeley Street (then Phillips Place), the main features of this building were reproduced in the present substantial brick building. The gymnasium is in the basement; and the hall on the third story has the best dancing floor in Cambridge.

The School was originally called a "Fitting and Developing School for Boys." It was designed, however, not to be a mere fitting school, but to be a school in which the pupils should be trained to think for themselves. The founders believed that a school, to accomplish this end, must be kept small enough to enable the teachers to do a great deal of individual work with the pupils. They also believed that the work of the different departments should be more evenly divided than had been customary, and consequently adopted at the start a course of study that gave to science, history, English and other modem languages, as much time as to classics and mathematics.

They soon found that great economy of time and effort would result from beginning with younger boys, and they formed a preparatory department, which, while kept as distinct as may be from the upper school, has enabled the teachers to plan continuous work for the whole course. This department is now tmder the supervision of Mr. William C. Gerrish. He is ably assisted by Mr. Augustus H. Smith, who directs the physical activities of the junior department on Nichols Field, the new playground adjoining the Metropolitan Park, on the river, opposite Soldiers' Field.

This ideally situated playground, only a few minutes' walk from the School, provides not only home-grounds for football and baseball games, but an afternoon rallying place for the whole School, with ample facilities; also for tennis, basketball, running, jumping, and other field sports. The river offers opportunities for boating and other water and ice sports. The locker building, equipped with the latest and best appliances, provides room for indoor games and exercises in inclement weather, and also study-rooms for all-day pupils. In fact, this Nichols Memorial is not a mere arena for competitive sports, but an attractive outdoor center, in winter as well as in spring and fall, for the natural development of those physical and social activities that are such an important adjunct to the more intellectual training of the classroom.

In 1912 the School was incorporated with the follov/ing Board of Directors: Prof. F. Lowell Kennedy, president; George H. Browne, clerk; Rev. Willard Reed, treasurer; Dr. Joseph L. Goodale, and Lawrence G. Brooks, Esq. Mr. Reed, joint-principal, an old teacher in the School, whose experience in dealing with things and men in business and in church, in addition to his resourceful educational activities, fits him exceptionally for administrative school service, has introduced up-to-date business methods to the increased prosperity of the new School.

Though the School now offers the advantages of a country day-school, it is still true to its old traditions, which set inteUectual and moral considerations above athletic and social; and consequently it still maintains the aims that have hitherto distinguished it for thirty years:

The Staff, 1912-1913. - Principals: George H. Browne (A.M. Harvard), 23 Chaimcy St., English, Latin; Rev. Willard Reed (A.M. Harvard), 103 Walker St., History, Greek, Latin. Masters: Frederick Phillips Smith (A.B. Harvard), 3 Walker Terrace, French, Latin; Harry Davis Gaylord (S.B. Harvard), 98 Hemenway St., Boston, Mathematics, Physics; George Courtright Greener (E.M. in CER., Ohio State University, '07), 39 North Bennett St., or 198 Clarendon St., Boston, Arts and Crafts, Sloyd; William Churchill Gerrish (A.B. Harvard), Winthrop Hall, Junior Department and History; Augustus Henry Smith (A.B. Harvard), 1 West St., Arlington Heights, Natural Science and Physical Training in the Junior Department, German, and Faculty Director of Athletics; Alton Lombard Miller (A.B. Harvard), 36 Dana St., Chemistry; Edwin Martin Chamberlin, Jr., 2 Avon St., Assistant in the Junior Department; Miss Bertha C. Eaton, Registrar and Secretary.

Financial

Cambridge has long been fortunate in the character and financial standing of its banks. While a considerable number of its citizens do business in Boston, and naturally make use of financial institutions of that city, there is still a large volume of local business which the Cambridge banks are called upon to handle. It is gratifying to be able to state that these institutions have done far more than merely await the business that might be brought them by the merchants and manufacturers of the city. They have in many instances shown an inclination to aid actively in the development of the city by offering accommodations for intending borrowers and other facilities that are necessary to the upbuilding of a modem community. No factor is more potent in the life of a twentieth century city than its banks. Large enterprises are dependent to no small extent upon their good-will, and they frequently have the making or breaking of a city in their hands. In Cambridge this power has been exercised wisely and with a keen appreciation of the duty owed by the bank to the community of which it is a part. The banking facilities of Cambridge include four trust companies, two national banks and four savings banks. These institutions are all favorably located in the business centers of their respective sections. They have all attained that degree of stability which comes with long years of successful business life. Their deposits total far into the millions, and their resources are much more than sufficient to meet their liabilities. Their money is loaned ver\' largely on Cambridge securities, and they are closely interwoven with the life of the citv.

The organization of the Harvard Bank was first suggested by Benjamin Tilton, who had been for some years a director in the Cambridge Bank and president of the Cambridgeport Savings Bank. The desired capital of $200,000 was soon subscribed, and the first meeting of the stockholders was held at the City Hall, November 3d, 1860. The largest subscribers were Benjamin Tilton and Wilkinson, Stetson & Co. for one hundred shares each. Other large subscribers were Harvard College, Cambridgeport Savings Bank, New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, Isaac Livermore, George Livermore, Edward Hyde, Newell Bent, Alanson Bigelow, John Sargent, Charles Wood, Daniel U. Chamberlin, Z. L. Raymond, Lewis Colby, William A. Saunders, Charles Theodore Russell, George P. Carter, George Fisher, A. E. Hildreth, John Livermore, J. Warren Merrill, Ira Stratton, Rev. William A. Stearns, Emerj^ Willard and Robert Waterson.

After ratifying the Articles of Agreement, the stockholders elected the first Board of Directors, twelve in nvmiber, as follows: Benjamin Tilton, Z. L. Raymond, Lewis Colby, George Livermore, John Sargent, Estes Howe,

This Board of Directors met November 7th, 1860, when Benjamin Tilton was elected President. It was decided to secure banking rooms in the Dowse Building, so called, on the comer of Main and Prospect Streets.

At a meeting of the Directors held December 17th, Willard A. Bullard was unanimously elected cashier and Edward G. Dyke messenger and bookkeeper.

On January 14th, 1861, the Directors voted to open the bank for business on March 1st. President Lincoln's inauguration was to take place March 4th. Predictions were freely made that he would never hold office. Threats of secession were rife, business was unsettled, the country was in a condition of intense excitement. In view of this, it was thought wise to postpone the opening of the bank. The morning of March 5th was selected, if a government were then in existence. The President having been peacefully inaugurated, the Bank was opened for business the next morning. On the day preceding, the special Commissioners appointed hy the Governor came to Cambridge with specie scales and satisfied themselves, in the presence of the Directors, that the entire capital, $200,000 had been paid in, and was lying before them in gold coins of standard weight. This formality was then reqiiired by law.

The Harvard Trust Company

Sir: At a meeting of the Directors of the Harvard Bank, held this evening, a fuU Board being present, it was unanimously voted that, in consideration of the present condition of the covmtry and the necessity for prompt action, the President be authorized to tender a loan of fifty thousand dollars to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In compHance with said vote, I have the pleasure to notify Your Excellency that the Harvard Bank will hold itself ready to respond in that amount to the call of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. I am, sir, very respectfully,

No immediate necessity existing for its instant acceptance, I am directed to say, as has already been done in the case of other similar offers, that, with your permission, he will hold your offer in reserve for such future emergency as may arise.

A dividend of three per cent, was paid on October 1st, 1861, less than seven months from the opening of the bank ; and from that time to the present, dividends have been maintained varying in amount from six to twelve per cent, per annum. The amoimt of money thus disbursed to the stockholders to the present time has been, in dividends and profits, $997,000, or nearly five times the capital.

a Committee to consider the expediency of seeking a charter under the National banking law. Four days later this Committee reported, closing its report with these words:

If the Directors are of the opinion that it is best to make the change and wish to be the First National Bank of Cambridge, your Committee recommend immediate action with regard to it. Benj. Tilton, Signed, Charles Wood, Committee. Alanson Bigelow.

On April 25th, 1864, the stockholders voted that "The Harvard Bank do become an association for carrying on the business of banking under the laws of the United States."

The bank began business as The First National Bank of Cambridge, June 1st, 1864, under a charter expiring February 25th, 1883. Although the deposits in the Harvard Bank had seldom exceeded $75,000, the profit and loss accoimt at the date of changing to a National Bank showed net profits of $67,971, $41,000 of which had been paid to the stockholders in dividends of from six to eight per cent, per anmmi.

The first of the original Board of Directors of the Harvard Bank to be removed by death was George Livermore, who died in 1865. Benjamin Tilton, who had served as President from the beginning, died November 23d, 1882. His administration of nearly twenty-two years had been eminently successfvd, and his loss was severely felt by his associates in the Board of Directors. At a meeting of the Directors held November 27th, the vacancy in the Board of Directors caused by Mr. Tilton's death was filled by the election of his oldest son, Henry N. Tilton. He did faithful and valuable service until his death in 1904. He was a member of the Board the same length of time as his father, between twenty-one and twenty-two years. Daniel U. Chamberlin was elected successor to Benjamin Tilton, as president, January 9th,

Willard A. Bullard, who had held office as cashier from the opening of the Harvard Bank, was elected president June 21st, 1898, and Walter F. Earle, who had been for some years an efficient officer of the bank, was elected successor to Mr. Bullard, as cashier.

For several years before action was taken, the advisability of becoming a Trust Company under the laws of this Commonwealth had been discussed from time to time. It was finally decided to apply to the Savings Bank Commissioner for a charter to do business as a Trust Company. It was resolved to revive the original name "Harvard," and to call the new corporation the Harvard Trust Company. This petition was granted. On July 8th, 1904, at a meeting of the stockholders. By-laws were adopted and officers of the Harvard Trust Company elected as follows:

Directors: Henry Endicott, Erasmus D. Leavitt, Frederick W. Tilton, Willard A. Bullard, William W. Dallinger, Albert M. Barnes, Frank A. Kennedy. President - Willard A. Bullard; Vice-president, Erasmus D. Leavitt; Clerk, Walter F. Earle.

At a meeting of the stockholders of the First National Bank, held August 5th, 1904, it was resolved, two-thirds of the capital stock of the Association being represented, that the First National Bank of Cambridge be placed in voluntary liquidation, under the provision of Sections 5220 and 5221 U.S. Revised Statutes, to take effect August 6th, 1904.

Caleb Wood served as a Director of the First National Bank from 1870 to 1877, having succeeded Charles Wood. Dana W. Hyde served as Director more than twenty-five years, having succeeded Caleb Wood in that office. He died in June, 1903. Edward Hyde died in 1885, and Joseph A. Holmes held office, as his successor, till his own death in 1893.

As the result of the liquidation of the First National Bank by the Harvard Trust Company, its liquidating agent, the stockholders received the par value of their stock and sixty-five per cent, in addition. Semi-annual dividends had been paid regularly during the life of the Bank. Almost without exception the old stockholders transferred their interest to the Harvard Trust Company, taking the new stock at $150 per share. This enabled the new company to begin business with a surplus of $100,000, or fifty per cent, of its capital.

The business was transferred to the present commodious and well appointed banking rooms in the Savings Bank Building on Satvirday, August 1 1th, 1906. On the opening of the doors at eight o'clock that morning, several customers were in waiting, each desiring to make the first deposit. This distinction fell to G. C. W. Fuller, who had been a depositor for more than forty years, having had an account in the Harvard Bank. The Safety Vault Department was opened at this time, many renters having selected boxes before the removal. The demand for boxes since that time has far exceeded expectations and has necessitated the addition of two nests of boxes, each nearly as large as that originally provided.

In addition to its regular banking business, the Harvard Trust Company acts as administrator, executor, trustee, guardian, etc., and already has in its care trust property to the value of more than $400,000.

It is of interest to mention that the outlay for adequate vault and safe accommodations with fittings, etc., when the Harvard Bank commenced business was $675.

It is worthy of note that from the beginning in 1861 only four persons have held the office of president, the change in each case being caused by the death of the incumbent ; and only three persons have held the office of cashier or treasurer, the changes being caused by the promotion of the incumbent.

The record of the Company during the halfcentury is an honorable one. Devotion, loyalty and strict honesty have been marked characteristics of its officers and employees in the past, and are equally so, we think, today. It has been and still is the aim, so far as prudence will allow, to use the resources of the Company locally, helping those who need and deserve aid from time to time in carrying on and developing business in Cambridge. The Company enjoys the confidence of the community and will make every effort to administer its affairs in such a way as to retain this confidence.

The present officers are: Walter F. Earle, president; Erasmus D. Leavitt, vice-president; Herbert H. Dyer, treasurer. The Directors are: Walter F. Earle, Henry Endicott, William W. Dallinger, Erasmus D. Leavitt, Frederick W. Tilton, Albert M. Barnes, Frank A. Kennedy, Edward D. Whitford, Warren H. Dunning, John H. Corcoran.

The Cambridge Sa\'ings Bank, the oldest savings bank in this city, and indeed one of the oldest in this section of the State, was incorporated in 1834, beginning business in 1835. The bank occupies a handsome building at 15 Dunster Street, a few steps from Harvard Square, in the center of a very large business, and whose assets total $7,449,404 . 09. During its existence the institution has enjoyed a period of uninterrupted prosperity and has done splendid work in inculcating and encouraging the habit of saving in the community. During its existence assistant treasurer, Arthur H. Boardman, has likewise had a long and honorable service, having been connected with the bank twentyfive years. The receiving teller, Henry A. Nichols, has seen fourteen years of service. During the past six years the bank has paid interest at the rate of four per cent, per year, which rate has been exceeded only by a few of the well-conducted savings banks in Massachusetts. It has a total of 17,254 depositors. Its accommodations for the expeditious transaction of business are not excelled by any bank in it has enjoyed the services of some of the leading men in the community and has had specially good fortune in the length of time in which its capable officials have held office. The first president of the bank was Asahel Steams, who was followed in turn by Levi Farwell, Simon Greenleaf, Sidney Willard, Jacob H. Bates, Charles C. Little, Charles Beck, Stephen T. Farwell, John B. Dana, Charles W. Sever, Dr. John T. G. Nichols and Dr. Edward R. Cogswell, the present (1913) head of the institution. The treasurer, Oscar F. Allen, has been connected with the bank for thirty-six years, holding the present position during thirty years. The

One of the gems in the setting of notable North Cambridge btdldings, is the handsome home of the North Avenue Savings Bank, at the comer of Massachusetts Avenue and Porter Road. The new building occupied by this bank, which was completed in 1908, is practically on the site of the original home that the institution occupied for so many years, and which was torn down to make way for the new Masonic Temple.

The North Avenue Savings Bank Building is a one-story structure of limestone and bufffaced brick. The banking room is handsomely finished in mahogany, with a mosaic marble