Cambridge City (part 15 of 15)

The North Avenue Savings Bank was incorporated in 1872, and was the fourth institution for savings to be started in the city of Cambridge. The first officers of the bank were as follows: President, Samuel F. Woodbridge; vice-presidents, Jonas C. Wellington, Cornelius. Dow, W. Fox Richardson, Chandler R. Ransom r. treasurer, Milton L. Walton; clerk, George W. Park; trustees, Chester W. Kingsley, Warren Sanger, Daniel W. Shaw, Person Davis, Henry J. Melendy, Daniel Fobe, Henry C. Rand, Horatio

North Avenue Savings Bank

The bank is open for deposits and drafts from 8.30 a.m. to 1 p.m. daily, and for the special convenience of customers is open on Saturday evenings from 6 to 8 p.m.

The North Avenue Savings Bank has pursued a uniform policy of encouraging savings among its patrons, and has been as liberal and accommodating as any institution of its kind. Its growth has more than paralleled the growth of the locality, its deposits having increased from $49,228 in 1875 to $2,480,766 in January, 1912. The deposits have stUl further increased during the year just passed, and on January 1st, 1913, there were 8,270 depositors with total deposits of $2,619,664.58. The bank pays interest at the rate of four percent - as high a rate as is

The present officers of the bank are the following: President, Charles F. Stratton; -aicepresident, Warren L. Hooper; treasurer, Milton L. Walton; clerk, William H. Goodnow. Its trustees are Charles F. Stratton, Warren L. Hooper, Milton L. Walton, William E. Hutchins, Edward L. Grueby, Phineas Hubbard, Byron T. Thayer, William J. Mandell, Hon. Arthur P. Stone, Frank E. Sands, Edward B. Stratton, Samuel Usher, Henry O. Cutter, George B. Wason, Charles D. Rice and Charles F. Hathaway.

It is a matter worthy of note that the present treasurer, Milton L. Walton, has been the treasurer of the bank since its incorporation in 1872, a period of forty years.

Cambridge Industries

For almost three centuries, her influence has been exercised throughout the land in the arts and literature, education and the higher sciences, and in these opening years of the twentieth century, Cambridge bids fair to rival the greatest mantifacturing and industrial communities. Every one knows of her part in the crises of our country's existence, but many do not realize the tremendous strides in business activities and that the city ranks today as a leader in Massachusetts in value of manufactured products. Cambridge is a city of homes, an abiding place for education, but has an expanding manufactvuing and industrial section.

It will be of advantage to glance over the following pages on which are recorded some pertinent facts. During the last four years the total building operations have amounted to nearly six million dollars. In the year 1912 alone the building operations showed a gain of eighty-seven percent over the preceding year, which is only exceeded by one other city in United States, namely, Tacoma, Wash. This great gain was due largely to the number of new manufacturing structures. The year 1913 bids fair to show an equal gain, due in great measure to the erection of fine apartment houses and private residences.

Cambridge, Mass., deserves the consideration of the modem manufacturer. "With its proximity to the Atlantic seaboard, its admirable rail and water transportation facilities, its in- \agorating climate, its abundance of skilled and imskiUed labor, its close relation to the great city of Boston, the natural purchasing center for New England's 6,500,000 population, its opportunities for comfortable homes; - with these advantages it affords an unrivalled location for industrial plants of all descriptions. Labor strikes and disagreements are practically vmknown in Cambridge.

Along the Charles River front and contiguous, to the lines of railroads are acres of most desirable land which are immediately available for manufacturing purposes.

The Boston and Albany Railroad runs across the eastern portion of the city, and the Boston and Maine Railroad, in its southern and western division, affords easy means of handling any quantity of inbound or outbound freight. By these railroads direct and rapid coruiection is made with the great docks on the sea front, thus providing advantageously for the quick distribution of the manufactured products among the markets of the world.

The large and flourishing industries already established in Cambridge have an annual output of nearly $45,000,000 . 00. Many of these manufacturing plants were located in Cambridge after a thorough examination and exhaustive study of conditions, and the proprietor of one of the largest plants has said: "Of the suburbs of Boston, beginning at East Boston, and following the raUroad through Chelsea, Everett, Charlestown, SomerviUe and Cambridge, and examining all vacant lands on railroads entering Boston, not too remote for oui purpose, the resxilt of this carefvd examination was the choice of the present location of the works. The price was found very reasonable compared with any other land so near Boston. We have at times made three round trips daily to different parts of Boston with heavily loaded teams. We have never regretted our choice of location.

The manufacturing district, too, is surrounded by the public park system. The workmen in the factories and the toilers in the shops thus have places easy of access, where throughout the hot summer months they can find necessary and welcome relief from the dusty streets and crowded tenements of a city in the green lawns, the trees and fresh air.

Every manufacturer at once appreciates the value and effect of such parks and open places upon the health, happiness and morality of employees.

There is an exceptional diversity in the manufacturing interests of Cambridge. They include founderies and machine shops, food preparatory establishments with an annual output of twenty million dollars (the largest industry and in this respect leading the cities of Massachusetts), meat packing, printing and publishing, the manufacture of confectionery, furniture, soap, structvu-al iron work, pianos, organs and other musical instruments, marble and stone, carriages, men's clothing, lumber, brick, undertakers' goods, druggists' preparations, automobiles, shoes, rubber goods, bithulithic pavement, etc. The annual product of musical instruments aggregates two and a half millions ($2,500,000.00), machinery, four millions ($4,- 000,000.00), and printing and publishing three and a half millions ($3,500,000.00).

Cambridge has confectionery factories enough to supply the demands of many thousands. Candies by the ton; candies of all grades and all quantities; candies for old and for young; fashionable, stylish, high-priced candies, in fancy boxes - sweet things in every conceivable form are made in Cambridge, and sold everywhere. Think of candies to the value of $1,700,180.00 made in one city in one year. Think of an average of eight hundred persons making candy (in the Christmas season nearly two hundred more). There was a time when candy was counted a luxury, but today it is believed to be a necessary of life, and Cambridge is supplying a large share of the demand for it.

Cambridge soap-making is one of the oldest industries of the city, and the latest figures show an annual product of $1,183,765 .00 worth. The bulk of the business is done by three great concerns, with a capital of about $2,000,000.00 and pay rolls of about $100,000.00 a year.

Cambridge furniture is well-known, not only in Boston, but in places far remote. Some of it is of a very high grade, and the product includes artistic specialties and order work requiring more than common skill.

The musical instruments made in this city are sold everywhere. The makers are old, wellestablished concerns, with long experience and a reputation based upon merit. There are about eight hundred employees on the pay rolls, and they earn about $300,000 a year, producing pianos and organs, and material for musical instnunents to the amount of nearly $800,000 . 00 a year.

There are a half-dozen establishments engaged in work upon lumber, producing house finish, sash, doors, blinds and other material used by the builders of Cambridge and other places.

The Cambridge business of making structural iron work was established many years ago by a few large concerns, which have a standing among the best in New England. They pay out more than $100,000 a year in wages, and their products sell for more than a half million dollars.

Nearly 1,200 retail establishments supply the wants of Cambridge, paying wages approaching $2,250.00 a year, and having sales of more than $15,000,000.00.

The building up of Cambridge of late years has followed two separate and distinct channels. In the industrial sections of the Lower Port and East Cambridge there has been a steady influx of new industries. Acre after acre of vacant land has been utilized for the construction of high-class factory properties, adding to the value of the surrounding land, besides bringing in a great amount of personality for taxation in Cambridge. The land in the vicinity of the Grand Junction Railroad has seen a particularly favorable development along these lines.

From the neighboring city of Boston, manufacturing Cambridge is distant only ten minutes by trolley lines, and connecting routes afford a quick trip to all points of interest in the great Metropolitan District.

The new Subway, now makes it possible to reach the great retail district in three minutes from the factory and not more than ten minutes from Harvard Square.

The firm of Giiin and Company, Publishers of School and College Textbooks, was established in 1867, by Edwin Ginn. For six years the firm carried on business under the name of Ginn Brothers, as Fred B. Ginn during that time was his brother's only partner. The name was changed in 1876 to Ginn and Heath, upon the occasion of the admission to the firm of Mr.

Ginn and Company manufacture the many textbooks that are daily shipped all over the United States and into foreign countries for use in the thousands of schools and institutions which are a part of the vast educational system of today.

The home office of Ginn and Company is in Boston, beautifully situated on Beacon Street two doors west of the State House, on the site of the John Hancock mansion. Just across the Charles River, on First Street, in East Cambridge, is situated the Athenaeum Press where of Ginn and Company. The quiet of the Common with its beautiful elms, its inviting shaded walks, and the historical Frog Pond are eminently suitable and appropriate surroundings for the office of a publishing house, being removed from the noisy traffic of the busier streets without being far away from the business center of the city.

and Company since 1901. For more than a quarter of a century prior to that their offices were in another place almost, if not quite, as much honored by time and tradition. This was the "Old Brick Row," 13 Tremont Place, overlooking the Granary Burying Ground. About this building there was an Old-World air as unusual as it was attractive. The high ivymantled stone frame of the gateway to the burying ground, the graceful spire of the Park Street Church, and the picturesque nooks and comers of the burying ground itself were all easily visible from almost every window. No more quiet and restful spot could be found in aU

The business of Ginn and Company demands that they also have offices in other cities, as their selling organization extends all over the United States as well as into foreign countries. The branch offices of the firm are situated in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, Columbus, San Francisco and London.

All of the books which are distributed through these offices are manufactured at the Athenaeum Press. This is one of the most imposing manufacturing establishments in New England. It is a building of 200 feet frontage, and a width of 400 feet. With its simple brick facade, crowned by a giant statue of the goddess Athena (by

Athenaeum Press

Boston. But the old brick structure at last gave way to a huge steel office building, and the publishers were obliged to seek another home where, if possible, the same sort of mellow traditions to which they were accustomed could be sectired. Fortunately, the site of the old John Hancock house was offered for sale, and Messrs. Ginn and Company were soon established on this favored spot.

Siligardi of Florence), it presents an exterior obviously appropriate for a great press. The building consists of four floors and a basement, which provide over two hundred thousand square feet of available surface, fully occupied by the departments engaged in the several processes of book-making. Ten thousand additional feet of floor space afforded by a frame building, are given up to a well-established restatirant, a carpenter shop and a paint shop. The Press itself is very substantially constructed of brick and steel, its proof against fire being made doubly certain by automatic sprinklers, fire hose and sliding metal doors.

It has been the aim of Ginn and Company to furnish for their employees the most comfortable accommodations possible. Light and fresh air are abundant in practically every part of the building. Individual lockers, a rest room, an emergency room, and reading rooms are among the conveniences provided.

Every process of book-making - composition, engraving, electrotyping, printing and binding - is admirably represented at the Athenaeum Press. The most modem machinery, the best methods and the highest type of workmanship have won for Messrs. Ginn and Company the enviable reputation of publishing books that are as superior in mechanical execution as they are in content.

In the manufactvure of the many thousand books which are daily completed at the Press, over five hundred skilled men and women are regularly employed.

Composing Room

The composing room, located on the fourth floor of the building, is the department where the mechanical process of making a book begins. The size of page, the size and style of types, and other details having been settled, the manuscript (or "copy") of the book is divided among various compositors, and the work of type setting commences. The matter is first set in long strips or galleys, from which "proofs" are taken. Needed corrections are then indicated on the proof by the proof-reader and by the author, and made in the type. The galley is then divided into pages of the desired size. Further proofs are taken and further corrections and changes made until the matter is finally approved, when it is locked up in strong steel frames (or "chases") and sent to the electrotype department. After the electrotype plate has been made, the type is returned to the composing room and distributed, each letter to its proper compartment, and is ready for use in other work.

At the Athenaeum Press all books are printed from electrotype plates, which are much lighter than pages of type, much more easily handled and stored away for later impressions, and much more durable.

Electrotype Department

The electrotype department is on the fourth floor of the building, adjoining the composing room, and consists of two rooms - a molding room and a finishing room. The process of making an electrotype plate is essentially as follows : An impression of the type page is taken in a sheet of wax under heavy pressure. The mold, which faithfully reproduces the face of the type, is covered, by dusting with black lead and afterward polishing, with a thin film, which is to serve as conductor for the electricity in the plating process. The mold is then suspended from the negative pole of the electric battery in a bath containing an acid solution of copper, in close proximity to a large sheet of pure copper hung from the positive pole. By the action of the electric current the bath is decomposed; copper from the bath is deposited evenly over the surface of the mold, a fresh supply of copper being dissolved from the positive pole by the free acid thus formed. When copper has been deposited to the desired thickness, the mold is taken from the bath and the copper shell stripped off. After thorough cleaning, the shell is laid on its face, and upon its back is povu-ed melted lead to the thickness of a quarter of an inch. The plate thus made then goes through the various processes of planing, beveling and testing for defects and is ultimately packed with others in wooden boxes and delivered to the press room.

Press Room

The press room occupies space on the first and second floors of the building, for machinery ; a portion of the basement, for storage of paper; and two fireproof vaults, for the storage of electrotype plates. On the first floor are the office of the press room, several presses (biiilt especially for illustrated work) known as stopcylinder presses, and many fast-running tworevolution presses for general work. Nearly all of the cylinder presses are fitted with automatic feeders for feeding paper sheet by sheet. At the further extremity of the room are three large presses capable of printing a sheet 46 x 60 inches, btiilt especially for the printing of Frye's geographies. On this floor also are presses (known as perfecting presses) which print on both sides of a sheet of paper at one impression; also powerful hydraulic presses for removing indentations in paper which occur in the process of printing.

On the second press-room floor are several large double presses so arranged as to print two different colors at each impression, these presses being devoted principally to printing maps for geographies, histories, etc. On this floor also are many other presses for general work, small presses for printing stationery, circulars, etc., and a well-equipped machine shop with powerful lathes, planers and drills.

In the fireproof vaults in the basement are stored the electrotype plates of over two thousand publications. For use in case of accident or excessive wear of the plates there are also extra sets of plates of several hundred of these books.

This department occupies most of the third and fourth floors of the building and also a portion of the basement. On the fourth floor are performed the operations of folding, pasting, gathering and sewing or stitching. The folding machines take the printed sheets as they come from the presses and fold them, sixty-fovir pages at a time, making four folds (or signatures) of sixteen pages each, In their proper places are pasted the fly-leaves and any inserted maps, portraits, or diagrams.

In the gathering department the signatures are placed in piles in numerical order in a gathering machine, an ingenious device for arranging the signatirres in the proper order to form a book. From sixteen thousand to eighteen thousand books are made up by one of these machines in a day. Only a few years ago all this work was done by hand. The books are next sewed on machines operated by women. Geographies and many books designed for primary schools are fastened by another method, known as stitching, which, though less flexible than sewing, is much stronger.

various processes known as forwarding. The edges are trimmed in powerful cutting machines, the backs are rounded by machines built for this purpose, several thicknesses of cloth and paper are glued on the backs for reinforcement, and the books made ready to put into the covers.

Meanwhile the covers are being made in other departments. The cloth, leather and board are cut to the proper size, and a special machine assembles the various pieces and forms them into a cover. The title of the book and the cover design are stamped upon this cover by means of an engraved brass plate or die, which in many cases must be hot. When gold or silver effects are desired the metal is laid on in sheets and the design stamped with the hot die. The process of putting the books into covers is done either by a clever invention called a casing machine, or by hand.

The books are then arranged between boards having projecting edges of brass, and are put under pressure for from four to twelve hours, when they are taken out and carefully examined. After the defective copies have been thrown out, the perfect books are packed in large trucks and carried to the storeroom.

Shipping Department

For the convenience of the shipping department a special railroad track runs to a door of the Press. Over this supplies are received in carloads and books are shipped out in large quantities to the branch offices of Ginn and Company in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, Columbus, San Francisco and London.

Power House

In the power house there are four steam engines with a combined force of 670 horse power. Each drives a separate electric generator. The plant is complete in dupHcate so that in case of a breakdown no delay occurs. These engines furnish all the power and Ught for the Press. The two hundred and fifty machines in the building are driven by individual motors, thus doing away with all shafting and belting.

A fire pump with a capacity of a thousand gallons a minute is connected with the sprinkling system and standpipes throughout the building. In the power house is also a twelve foot fan which constantly forces fresh air throughout the building.

No great business house in Cambridge has a more interesting history than the John P. Squire Company. When John P. Squire started in business in 1842 he was the entire concern and his plant was a wheelbarrow. Today the company employs one thousand men in its plant at East Cambridge alone. This means that fully five thousand people, or a large-sized town, are dependent upon this concern. This does not include the great chain of wholesale houses throughout New England and the millions of dollars that are paid annually to farmers throughout Iowa, Illinois and in sections of Ohio for hogs. The success of the John P. Squire Company from its humble beginning to the great success of today is a romance in business that has no rival in fiction.

When John P. Sqtiire started to kill hogs for the Boston market he chose a site along what was then the Miller river, a section that is now the busy manufacturing section of Cambridge and Somerville. He chose this site because he could dispose of the garbage of his plant in the creek. Here he started lolling hogs and carted them along the turnpike to Harvard Square and into Boston via what is now Allston and the Back Bay. This was the only way he could get to Boston in those days. The carcass was taken to North Street, Boston, where it was cut up for the trade. Up to within a few years the little shed or shanty where Mr. Squire did his work stood in the center of the present plant, but it was torn down to make room for another large building of the plant.

The packing industry of this coimtry had its origin at the Squire plant. He was the originator of the packing system as it is now carried on throughout the country. The work up to this time had been done by butchers. Through the original efforts of Mr. Squire the packing business has developed in this countr>' as in no other nation in the world.

As Mr. Squire's business increased he found that he must butcher in the summer time if he wished to keep pace with his trade. Animal food to be cured must be kept at a temperature of thirty-eight degrees or less until the process is completed. This necessitated his butchering only in the winter time. Mr. Squire built a large ice-house with a room in the center. He found that by packing ice all around this room he could maintain a temperature so that he could kill hogs during the summer months. This was an immense task, however, as hundreds of men had to be employed winters to gather an ice supply sufficient to last during the simimer months. The freshly-killed carcasses coming into this chilled room, added to the presence of a large force of workmen, consimied immense quantities of ice. For a number of years he could not secure an ice supply to carry him through the simimer months with his constantly increasing business. Finally over one thousand men were employed to cut ice from ponds throughout this section of the State during the winter months to supply ice for the great icehouse which he built. Candle light was used inside the packing house and this consvuned large quantities of ice. Finally a gas plant was installed to take the place of the candle light. Mr. Squire manufactured his own gas and sold the coke. One of the old coke pits is still a part of the present works and is used as a storage place for chemicals.

Even with the iced refrigerating rooms the products of the plant could not all be properly ctu-ed during the summer months. There was yearly a heavy loss caused by some of the meat spoiling because it coiild not be kept at the right temperature.

Another great difficulty was in the employment of men. While one thousand men were engaged in the winter in harvesting ice, jobs could not be found for them during the siunmer months. Most of the help that worked for Mr. Squire in the winter time had to find other employment during the summer months.

It was about twenty-five years ago that the present system of artificial refrigeration was discovered. This solved the problem of the meat packers, and the tremendous business of the present Squire Company came as a result of modem refrigeration. Modem refrigeration caused other packing companies to spring into existence, but they came without the struggle and romance of beginning that had been the story of the John P. Squire Company.

packing year was divided into two One was the summer and the other the winter packing season. The simimer season was from March to November and the winter period from November to March. These terms of winter and siommer packing are still used in the trade, although packing is carried on just as much in the hottest of the stimmer months as in the time. But the trade papers and even the government reports stiU cling to the old system of dividing the packing season into summer and winter si. ismis ind ^nm^' the statistics panic of 1907, when money was so scarce that but very few industries were able to pay off their help in cash. One of the great exceptions to this rule was the John P. Squire Company. Every man in its employ received cash during the panic. The company's daily receipts in cash from its local business was enough for its weekly payroll, and when banks could not take care of their payroll the management used its own cash supply. The present Squire Company plant covers nineteen acres of land and one million feet of floor sjjace. There are seven

It is a man's industry. There is but one woman and fifteen girls employed in the plant. The woman and girls are employed in the packing room. All the other work of the great plant is done by over one thousand men, who are constantly upon the pay roll. ' The stability and soimdness of the Squire Company as a New England institution was well illustrated during the disastrous financial acres used for artificialXrefrigeration. Four enormous ice machines have a capacity of seven hundred and fifty tons a day. What is known as packer town, the three great concerns in the neighborhood of the Squire plant, have an ice capacity sufficient to supply the whole city of Boston, if its ice men should go on strike and refuse to supply ice.

The John P. Squire Company is complete in itself. It maintains its own machine, carpenter, paint, blacksmith and electrical shops and a box mill with a capacity of turning out one million feet of lumber a month. It has its own cooper shop, its own masons and plumbers and does all its own repair work. There is a duplicate of every part of every machine used in the plant constantly on hand in case of accident. The plant is run night and day, and Sunday is the only time that the huge plant is idle.

The plant has a capacity of killing and dressing six thousand hogs a day, but the usual run is from twenty-five hundred to three thousand hogs a day.

The selection of hogs for the John P. Squire Company is one of the features that have made its products notable for their excellence. Throughout the great hog-raising districts of the Middle West there is a brand of hogs known as the "Squire kind," and this means that they are the best that a farmer raises. He picks out of his herd of hogs the "Squire kind," and sends the rest to the great packing houses in Chicago in one lot. For the "Squire kind" he is paid a better price than he gets for other hogs, which are usually sold as a whole. The Company maintains stations along the Mississippi River for the collection of these hogs, which are taken by the train load and shipped to its plant in East Cambridge.

The Company distributes its products along the entire Atlantic Coast and the New England States and the Provinces. It maintains branch packing houses equipped with cold storage plants in all the large New England cities. The Company also does a large export business, sending its products to the British Isles, Norway and Sweden, Russia and Germany, Italy and Spain. On account of a high protective tariff none are sent to France.

Mr. Squire introduced the first "Pure Food Bill" ever written as a law in the State of Vermont. He found that other packers had been adulterating their lard. He used only the pure leaf and he scorned adulteration. He tried to have his "Pure Food Bill" passed in Massachusetts, but the opposition of other packers was so strong that he did not succeed. He finally had the bill passed in Vermont, thereby giving that State the honor of passing the first "Pure Food Law." Mr. Squire spent a large fortune in trying to get Congress to pass a pure food bill in 1895, but was unsuccessful. Mr. Squire always insisted upon only the most pure of products being sent from his factory. This high standard has always been maintained. It was conspicuous how little change was necessary at this plant when the recent pure food law was passed. The only changes the company had to make was in a few cases where the law called for the percentages of different materials used. Its labels of "pure" were made years ago and had always stood.

The John P. Squire Company is the largest manufacturer of sausages east of Chicago. Its goods are sold strictly fresh to the retail trade, and New England is one of the greatest sausage consuming communities in the world. By its chain of branch houses the company puts on the market only goods that are strictly fresh and perfect in every respect.

The purity of the Squire products is open to any who care to see. There are no secret rooms in the Squire plant. In the hands of accommodating guides, men and women throughout the east daily visit the plant in East Cambridge and marvel at the care and cleanliness wdth which the products are produced.

One of the most notable manufacturing institutions in Cambridge is the factory of Mason & Hamlin Co., located at 162 Broadway, where are made the celebrated Mason & Hamlin pianos. It is visited by manufactiirers and musicians from all over the world, and has been called an atelier rather than a factory, owing to the artistic atmosphere which envelops the place.

returned to this country in the early fifties. He was casting about for some pursuit and fell in with a yovmg man by the name of Emmons Hamlin, who had been at work in Buffalo making melodeons. Hamlin, with a spark of genius had made a rich discovery, namely the art of voicing reeds, and by this discovery opened up an El Dorado of tone quality for the instrument. With small capital Henry Mason and Emmons Hamlin joined forces and started, in 1854, under the firm name of Mason receives its color or characteristics from its head. This is strongly apparent in the case of the Mason & Hamlin Co. Since its inception in 1854, the ideals of this eminent house have been high and lofty.

The founder of the House, Henry Mason, was a son of Dr. Lowell Mason, one of the most illustrious educators and pioneers in the building up of music in this country. Having graduated from a German University, yoimg Henry Mason

& Hamlin, the mantifacture of melodeons. Before long they developed the instrument into what has since been known as the American Cabinet organ, a name which they coined and copyrighted. In all great world expositions in this country and abroad wherever these instruments have been exhibited, they have invariably received the highest possible awards and honors, a fact made doubly noteworthy when it is considered that no other American

In 1882, imbued still with the same lofty ideals as to quality, they added the manufacture of pianos to their industry. The Mason & Hamlin piano sprang by leaps and bounds into public favor. It was greeted by musical associations, by the world's greatest musicians, by the most eminent virtuosi of the day, as an artistic instnmient par excellence.

In the meantime the third generation of Masons, bom and reared under the same shibboleth which had served their father and their grandfather, worked unremittingly for the maintenance of the highest quality in the instruments produced by the Mason & Hamlin Co. Associated with this third generation has been a remarkable man, Richard W. Gertz, an expert in piano construction, recognized throughout the world as one of the greatest of all times. Together they have worked for a common end, the highest possible acme in pianoforte construction. A new system of piano construction was evolved, overcoming the inherent weaknesses in the old systems and resulting in what is admittedly the finest piano the world has ever seen.

as one of the three great epoch-making discoveries in pianoforte construction, the first being the French action, introduced in 1821, the second the full iron frame and overstrung scale introduced in 1859, and the third the Mason & Hamlin Tension Resonator, introduced in 1900, the most important of the three, as it pertains to tone production and permanency. Without it a piano gradually loses its tone; with it, its tone is maintained permanently with its pristine beauty and sonority.

A visit to the great plant of Mason & Hamlin Co. will show conclusively why the Mason & Hamlin piano is today the highest-priced piano in the world, and why it is conceded to have gone ahead of what the world has heretofore seen in piano construction.

The same principle which was in evidence at the inception of the Company is today at work with splendid energy and ceaseless activity. There is but one real end in view, and that is to make a contribution to the world's artistic instruments which shall ever and ever set its standard higher and higher. At the head of the Company are men who are abreast of the times in matters artistic and scientific, as well as financial, men whose moral structures are such that they could not rest easy were they not producing results in advance of their fellows.

The Fresh Pond Ice Company and Cambridge people are indeed fortunate in the source of supply at their command. The Company took its name from Fresh Pond in this city, the original source of the city's water supply. When ice cutting was forced off this pond the Fresh Pond Ice Company was compelled to seek another place to obtain its supply. More fortunate stUl were the people of this city when the company secured rights on Lake Muscatanapus at Brookline, N.H., for here was found a supply fully equal if not better than that of Fresh Pond. This New Hampshire lake is situated among the rocks and woodlands of the Old Granite State, about sixty-five miles from Boston, in the little town of Brookline, secluded, peaceful and picturesque. This lake, itself fed by two mountain streams and innumerable crystal springs, gets its name from the Indians, who, pleased with the clearness and purity of its waters, called it in their language, Muscatanapus - The Great Mirror.

On the eastern shore, surrounded by taU pines are the big white buildings of soHd and enduring construction comprising the extensive plant of the Fresh Pond Ice Company. The ice is stored in the houses thirty tiers high, and the capacity of these houses is from 65,000 to 75,000 tons. The lake yields during an average season 150.000 tons.

Manufacturers Of Pottery

where prevail. The grounds and surroundings are in keeping with the rest of the plant and it would seem as though the sanitary and hygienic conditions had been the point always in the minds of the promoters of this vast enterprise. The Company owns and controls the land on all sides of the lake and along the banks of the streams which have their source in the mountains beyond. No mills or hamlets are allowed anywhere near the banks, and every possible precaution is taken to insure the pvuity of the water. In fact, the Company now owns several hundred acres of land adjacent to the lake and rivers. The Company has the reputation of cutting the purest ice in the coimtry, and this fact is admitted by experts who have analyzed and scientifically examined it.

The main yards for the distribution of the ice and the general offices are situated on the Fitchburg division of the Boston & Maine Railroad, a short distance above the Union Square Station, Somerville. While the principal end of the retail business is carried on from the Somerville yard, the Company's property on Crescent Avenue, North Cambridge, aids materially in expediting the deHvery of ice in that vicinity.

The Fresh Pond Ice Company, organized in 1882, is the outgrowth of the business established by Jacob Hittinger, one of the pioneers in the ice business of this country. He was among the first shippers of ice to Calcutta and the West Indies, but after the ice-shipping trade was largely transferred to other ports or supplanted by the ice machine, he developed an extensive local trade. Upon the death of Mr. Hittinger in 1880, his son, Thomas S. Hittinger, succeeded to the business. When the company was incorporated in 1887, T. S. Hittinger became its superintendent, a position which he held until his death, October 26, 1904. Mr. Hittinger's inventive faculty and great experience in the harvesting and storage of ice placed him at the head of his profession and the Company's plant at Brookline, N.H., which was designed and perfected by him, will be a lasting evidence of his ability. The present officers of the Company are Josiah Q. Bennett, president; E. A. Davenport, treasurer; H. H. Davenport, assistant treasurer; and E. L. Hadley, superintendent.

With the development of modem civilization, articles which at one time were looked upon as luxuries, if in fact they were known at all, have come to be ranked among the necessities of life. Ice is a typical illustration of this development, for ice has come to be one of the primary comforts of the people and is regarded as a necessity not only in warm seasons, but throughout the entire year. In a large city like Cambridge the supplying of ice to its inhabitants is a no unimportant industry. The Cambridge Ice Company is one of the larger concerns engaged in the ice business in this city and adjacent territory. The Company has been in existence under one name or another since 1847, when the business was established as the Durgin Ice Company. It was incorporated under its present style in 1896, with a paid-up capital of $40,000.00. J. E. -Kimball, who is very familiar with the ice business, has been treasurer and manager of the Company since its incorporation. The Company's office and distributing plant, stables and storage house are located on Cottage Park Avenue, North Cambridge, where there is a storehouse with a capacity of 40,000 tons, practically every inch of which is made use of by the Company for its business. A considerable quantity of ice is shipped to outside points, as the storehouse is connected with the main line of the Boston & Maine Railroad by a spiu: track. The principal part of the business of the Company is done in Cambridge and vicinity, where thirty-three wagons are called into requisition. From seventy-five to one htmdred employees are carried on the pay roll.

One of the notable modem buildings of Cambridge is the Shoe and Leather Exposition Bmlding, which lends picturesqueness to the Cambridge bank of the Charles River. It is a source of self-congratulation to all progressive citizens that this structure has been allowed to remain one of the permanent landmarks of the city. This biiilding is now the home of the J. Frank Cutter automobile industry. For about twenty-five years Mr. Cutter has been identified with the carriage and automobile business, first with Hugh Stewart & Company. This firm now is J. Frank Cutter, having been so the past five years. The firm has been located in the Shoe and Leather Exposition building since the first of February, 1911. The firm is one of the most extensive builders of Limousines and Landaulet bodies, automobile tops and slip covers, and also paints and upholsters cars.

The Warren Brothers Company, the originators of the bituHthic pavement, with its headquarters in Boston, has a large manttfacturing plant and laboratory located on Potter Street, this city, and employs many citizens of Cambridge, both at its plant and in its street work here and in Boston.

Bitulithic pavement was laid on Temple Street in Cambridge, in 1901, and its use has been continued in increasing quantities since then. The city should be congratulated in

Plant Of Warren Brothers Co.Mpany

In the past eleven years the citizens of Cambridge have seen a number of different forms of pavement used on its streets, many of which have not been satisfactory, while the bitulithic having the bitulithic pavement for a number of its prominent streets, and the policy recommended by the pa\'ing commission of continuing the work along main thoroughfares is sure to meet with the hearty approval of the citizens. The bitulithic pavement in this city is laid on a concrete base, the excavation and concrete work being done by the city with municipal labor.

Upon the fomidation is spread the wearing surface which is compressed with a heavy road roller to a thickness of two inches. The surface is made of the best stone obtainable, varying in size from a maximum of one-quarter inch to dust. The proportion of the different size of stone being so arranged that the finer fit into the interstices of the coarser, so as to reduce the air spaces or voids between the stones. The proportion used of the various sizes of mineral are predetermined by physical tests, with a view to obtain the smallest percentage of air spaces or voids in the mineral mixture and vary with the character and shape of particles of the stone in each particvdar case.

After the proportions have been determined, the mineral material is passed through a rotary dryer, from which it is carried by an elevator and through a rotary screen which separates the mineral material in several different sizes. The proper proportions by weight of each of these sizes is secured by the use of a "multibeam scale," and the exact required amount being weighed out into a twin pug rotary miser, where it is combined with the bituminous cement accurately weighed in proper proportions. The mixture is then dumped while hot into carts and hauled to the streets, spread and thoroughly rolled with a heavy steam roller. Upon this is spread a flush coat of special bittmiinous cement, thoroughly sealing and waterproofing the surface. There is then applied a thin layer of finely crushed stone, which is rolled into the surface, making it rough, and thereby affording a good foothold for horses and a surface upon which automobiles will not skid.

Cambridge was one of the pioneer cities to adopt this kind of construction for its streets in 1901, when it was first introduced, and it now has eighteen streets aggregating one hundred and thirty-five thousand square yards of bitulithic pavement. While Cambridge has largely increased its area of bitulithic pavement, its development in this city is much less in proportion than the increase of its use throughout the United States and Canada, as is shown by the following table:

Development Of Bitulithic Pavement

Some twenty-six years ago a partnership was formed in Cambridge between George W. Rawson and John G. Morrison, for the manufacture of hoisting engines, fertilizer dryers and plate iron work. At about the same time there was formed in Boston a company, known as the Automatic Coal Handling Company, which controlled the Newell & Ladd Patent steam shovel, this being a coal -handling shovel whose operation was something like that of the Rawson

The Automatic Coal Handling Company was succeeded by John A. Mead & Company, of New York City and Rutland, Vt. A working agreement was formed between Rawson & Morrison and John A. Mead & Company, controlling the patents of these two grabs, and out of the development of these grabs there has emanated the large business of the Mead-Morri- son Manufacturing Company. Up to the time of the formation of these two companies coal had been handled by the crudest methods, but these automatic grabs changed the entire condition of labor in the discharging of coal from vessels. When the first Newell & Ladd grab was installed at Bums Brothers, in New York City, it took the place of seventy men. Of course, any machine that could save seventy men to an employer would be in great demand.

Massachusetts. In 1904 the Mead-Morrison Manufacturing Company was incorporated and pvirchased the interests, in the coal handling business, of the John A. Mead Manufacturing Company, which had absorbed John A. Mead & Company, and in 1906 the Mead-Morrison Manufacturing Company pirrchased all the interests of the Rawson & Morrison Manufactiiring Company. This company has been most successful; it has a capital of $1,000,000, and at the present time has contracts on hand amoimting to about $2,000,000. It has shipped its product all over the world and maintains wovild operate this shovel. From the engine that operated the shovel, there naturally came up the question of the carrying away of the coal. This produced first, the cable road for carrying coal from docks; later the transporter for carrying coal through power houses and pockets; the McCaslin conveyor for carrying coal to boilers and taking the ashes away; the man trolley for carrying coal in large imits, and other labor-saving devices for the handling of sand, gravel, broken stone, phosphate and other loose materials.

offices in the large cities of the United States. Its machinery handles most of the coal for the United States government, and it has installed complete discharging and storage plants for many of the large railroads operating throughout the United States. The foreign business of the company extends to Brazil, England, Alaska, South Africa, and the Philippine Islands. In addition to the manufacture and installing of coal-handling machinery, the company manufactures a complete line of steam, electric and gasoline hoists, derrick swinging machines, grab buckets, etc., for use in the contracting and quarrying business. Its shops and erection force employ some five himdred men.

The new building of the Cambridge Gas Light Company is at the comer of Massachusetts Avenue and Temple Street. The main entrance opens directly into a large room thirty-two feet by eighty-one feet and twenty-four and a half feet high, called the appUance room, where the various appliances by which gas is used will be on exhibition. This room is dignified in character, the arch motive of the exterior being carried out on all four sides and forming penetrations in the ceiling, which is vaulted. Large service entrance and a shipping room, which occupy the rear inner comer of the building and are accessible from Temple Street by a paved court covered at the inner end for protection in receiving and delivering goods. This service entrance has an opening to the appliance room. A "lamp room," which can be darkened for display purposes, completes the eqxiipment on this floor.

Temple Street

Aroimd this large room are grouped the offices and work rooms of the company. The office of the president and general manager, with a consultation room, is at the right. At the rear is the business office, with large windows and counters, opening directly to the appliance room. The cashiers' cages and a vault occupy the central portion of this space. A comer room on Temple Street, entirely shut off from the other rooms, is arranged for stenographers and for filing records. There are also on this floor a this floor ; also, another business office and vault,, as well as the stock, photometer and calorimeter rooms. Good-sized rooms for the women employes are provided, and a rest and lunch room which is fitted out with a gas range and other kitchen appliances for their use.

From the appliance room on the main floor a staircase gives access to the basement, where it is planned to demonstrate the use of all sortsof gas appliances, ranges and heaters, which are on exhibition here as well as above. A storeroom, lockers and a rest room for the men employes are arranged on this floor. Space is provided for the heating and ventilating plant, with a filter chamber and fan to supply the various offices with fresh air. The building is thoroughly ventilated by the most approved system.

When the Cambridge Gas Light Company began its career, over half a century ago, the field was limited, and great expense attended the manufacture of gas. But diuing these years the company has taken advantage of every new development to give its consumers better gas and ser\-ice at greatly reduced prices, and today satisfactorily supplies the greater part of Somerville and all of Cambridge.

The company was incorporated in 1852 by John H. Blake (the first president of the company), Gardner G. Hubbard, Isaac Livermore, Charies C. Little and Estes Howe. The latter was chosen clerk and treasurer.

Since its organization in 1852, the company has had nine presidents, viz.: John H. Blake, elected December 31, 1852; Gardner G. Hubbard, elected August 10, 1864; A. E. Hildreth, elected July 25, 1867; John M. Tyler, elected September 3, 1877; Daniel U. Chamberlin, elected January 27, 1886; Quincy A. Vinal, elected April 12, 1897; Willard A. Bullard, elected July 31, 1904; Daniel G. Tyler, elected November, 1912, and Albert M. Barnes, elected January 2d, 1913.

The first clerk and treasurer, Estes Howe, filled that office for thirty-five years, and was succeeded by Adolph Vogel in 1887. He served until 1897, when Albert M. Barnes, now president and general manager, was chosen. On Mr. Barnes' election to the presidency in January, 1913, Mr. Vinton W. Mason became treasuier.

The present officers and directors are as follows: Albert M. Barnes, president and general manager; Vinton W. Mason, treasurer; Karl S. Barnes, clerk and assistant manager; Daniel G. Tyler, Stanley B. Hildreth, Renry Endicott, George A. Sawyer, Arthvu C. Whitney and George W. Hutchins, directors. John P. Kennedy is superintendent and Theodore Erhard assistant superintendent.

A few years ago one dollar per thousand cubic feet was the price to which consumers might look forward as the very lowest possible. But dviring that time the Cambridge Gas Light Company has voluntarily reduced its rate three times, so that today the low rate of eighty cents per thousand cubic feet has placed gas within the means of all householders ; not only for illuminating, but also for cooking, heating and many other uses which modem invention has made possible for gas. With this price goes the best service and attention, for the company attends promptly to all needs and its employes are courteous and efficient.

One of the most important branches of the company is that devoted to the sale of gas apparatus of all kinds. A large department is given up to the display of modern gas stoves, heaters and other appliances. When Mr. Barnes became clerk and treasurer in 1897, there was no department of this kind. He gave much attention to building up this particular branch of the business. Gas stoves and kindred appHances are now in use all over the city. Since the department was opened, over twenty-five thousand pieces of apparatus have been sold. The value of gas ser\'ice in increasing the earning capacity of rented property is becoming more and more evident to landlords, with the result that aU the large apartment houses, tenements, and a munber of the private residences in the city are now rented with gas stoves and gas attachments aU complete.

The active management of the Cambridge Gas Light Company devolves upon Albert M. Barnes. It is a source of much gratification to this gentleman to know that the companyhas more than doubled its plant and its output since he asstuned office in 1897. The present excellent service is in no small measure due to Mr. Barnes' wise management.

Officials of the company are firm beUevers in the ability of gas to hold its o-oti -svith electricity, and immediate return on investment is not considered. Customers come first, and the wisdom of this poHcy is justified by sixty years of history.

The Cambridge Gas Light Company plant is one of the best equipped in the United States. In 1902 the paid-up capital was 8700,000, and today its paid-up capital is $1,440,000.

Ingenious minds have during the past few years invented appHances which have wonderfully increased the possibilities of gas for illumination, and have multiplied its other uses. Hot-water heaters now come in aU sizes, from a small burner that will heat the water for one

All the latest appliances for heating and cooking by gas are on exhibition at the Cambridge Gas Company's office, Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge.

Each year since 1852, when the Cambridge was incorporated, has seen an increase in the company's business, and within the last ten years it has more than doubled. A table for the last eight years shows the results of the company's poUcy in promoting efficiency and giving the best possible service to the consimier:

The company does a large business in coke, and has stoves especially constructed for burning it. Coke gives much more heat than coal, and as it is easily controlled with proper appliances, its use is constantly increasing.

It is natural that the barrel-making industry sho\ild center arovmd a locality where barrels are made use of in large quantities as they are in the various pork packing estabHshments, the sugar refinery and elsewhere in this city. Goepper Brothers have been making barrels for many years. The concern of which they are the head and front came into existence in 1870, the business being started in Charlestown. It was transferred to Cambridge two years later. From a small beginning the business has developed into an extensive and profitable one. In 1895 the concern was incorporated imder Massachusetts laws, with a capital of $30,000, the officers being the two foimders, Gustavus Goepper, president, and William Goepper, treasurer. Both gentlemen are directors and members of the investment committee of the East Cambridge Savings Bank, and the former is one of the oldest directors in the Cambridge Electric Light Company. Both are, and have been for a great many years, among the leading citizens of Cambridge, standing for the strictest business integrity and being regarded as men of sound judgment.

Street. The plant has a frontage on the Grand Junction Railroad of over three himdred feet, giving the Company unrivalled receiving and shipping facilities. The main building is three stories in height and fifty by one hundred feet in dimensions. Two large storage buildings are two stories each, one containing 20,000 and the other 14,000 square feet of floor space. In addition, there are other structures, including dry houses, storage sheds, office, etc. In the various departments upwards of one hundred men are employed. While the Company's leading specialty is sugar barrels, it is in a position to turn out aU kinds of barrels. The capacity of the plant is 3,000 new barrels per day, besides renovating upwards of a thousand second-hand barrels. The Company pays out in wages a sum exceeding $50,000 annually.

The business of the concern is not confined to Cambridge or to this immediate vicinity, large shipments being made outside the state and to quite a distance away, in many cases. The Company enjoys a splendid reputation for the high quality of its manttfactures, and the user of barrels who can procure his supply from Goepper Brothers considers himself most fortvmate.

THE TRIBUNE wishes to thank the following for the loan of cuts: Mrs. Isabella James Gozzaldi, Mr. Edward J. Brandon, City Clerk, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Little, Brown & Co., Ginn & Co., and the Cambridge Hospital.

Source changes here: from Vital Records of Cambridge, Massachusetts, to the Year 1850, by Cambridge (Mass.), published 1914; 2,192 words in this source stream.

Boston, Mass

4. Marriages are printed under the name of both parties. When a marriage appears without the intention recorded, it is designated with an asterisk.

5. Additional information which does not appear in the original text of an item, 1.^.. any explanation, query, inference or difference shown in other entries of the record, is bracketed.

6. In taking records from gravestones it is often the case that the family name of a woman as given on the stone is not that under which she was born, so therefore many births will appear under a married name instead of the original one, which is not shown on the stone. Women are only mentioned as wives when they are so shown on the stone. In many cases names are evidently those of wives, though not so specified.

Higginson Book Company

In Massachusetts' records, Vol. I., page 9, under date of July 26, 1631, "Charlton. Misticke & the newe towne " are mentioned. March 6, 1632, the bounds were established between Charlestowne and Newtowne.

February 25, 1862, bounds were established between Cambridge and Belmont and West Cambridge, and parts of each place were annexed to Cambridge and parts of Cambridge to each of those places.

May 5, 191 1, bounds between Cambridge and Arlington were established, to be accepted by city council and selectmen. May 22, 191 1, they were accepted by the selectmen of Arlington, and on May 31, 191 1, by the city council of Cambridge.

Congregational Society C.R.5. - church record, Harvard Street Methodist C.R.6. - church record, Old Cambridge Baptist Society C.R.7. - church record, St. Peter's Episcopal Church C.R.8. - church record, Trinity Methodist Church, East Cambridge C.R.9. - church record, Cambridgeport Parish, now united with

Third Congregational c.R.io. - church record, Third Congregational, Unitarian C.R.I I. - church record, Evangelical Congregational Church, East Cambridge, now extinct; records in possession of Congregational Library, Boston C.R.12. - church record. Second Baptist Church, East Cambridge, now extinct ; records in possession of City of Cambridge d. - daughter ; died ; day Dea. - deacon dec. - deceased dup. - duplicate entry G.R.I. - grave record, cemetery at Harvard Square

Cambridge Births Cambridge Births

G.R.3. Charles H., s. of Jeremiah F., Apr. 9, 1848. Cornelius Frederick, s. of Joseph and Electa, June i, 1828. Electa Maria, d. of Joseph and Electa, Mar. 11, 1817. Emma B., d. of Sylvester and Harriet Bowman, , 1848.

Thomas, s. of Samuel and Elizabeth, May 13, 1665. Thomas, s. of Samuel and Elizabeth, Mar. 23, 1668. William, s. of Samuel and Elizabeth, June 7, 1658. William Eustis, s. of Joseph Ellis and Sarah, Mar. i, 1824.

G.R.3. Edward, Judge, s. of Benjamin and Desire Dillingham, in Harwich, Sept. 5, 1756. G.R.3. Edward, July 16, 1825. G.R.3. Edward Dillingham, s. of Edward and Hannah Lynde, Aug.

Eliza Margaret, d. of Alexander and Margaret, Oct. 20, 1846. John, s. of Alex[ande]r and Margaret. Aug. 8, 1843. Joseph Henry, s. of Samuel and Martha, Jan. 6, 1844. Mary Jane, d. of Alexander and Margaret. Aug. 9, 1844.

Cambridge Births. 4I

BARRAT (see Barratt, Barret, Barrett, Barrit), Bartholomew, s. of Barth[olome]w and Rebeckah, Dec. 2"], 1713. Jno., s. of William and Sarah, Feb. 6, 1660. Lidea, d. of Will[ia]m and Sarah, Sept. 17, 1657.

Cambridge Births, 49

Mary Ann, d. of Ezekiel and Lois and w. of Lowell B. Wilmarth, in Boston, Sept. 3, 1836. G.R.3. Mary Augusta, d. of William 2d and Rowena, May 17, 1846.

BELCHAR (see Belcher), Andrew^ s. of Andrew and Elisabeth, Jan. I, 1646. Jemimah, d. of Andrew and Elisabeth, Apr. 5, 1642. Jonathan, s. of Andr[ew] and Sarah, Jan. 8, 1681.

Charlotte Smith, d. of John Welland and Abigail Jones of Erattleborough, Vt., and w. of Dexter Chapin of New York City, Apr. 7, 1798. G.R.3.

BoLLES, Frances Amelia, only ch. of W[illia]m C. and Frances M., and w. of Rev, Geo[rge] Herbert Patterson, in Boston, Jan. 27, 1844. G.R.3.

Elizabeth Lidstone, d. of William and Selina Cranch, in Dorchester, Oct. 6, 1829. G.R.3. Emily O., d. of Simon E. and Sarah E., Oct. 26, 1844. Harriet Gardner [ ], w. of George Phillips, Jan. 2, 1829.

Cambridge Births, 85

BRECK, Charles Henry Bass, s. of Joseph and Sarah, in Pepperell, Aug. 23, 1820. G.R.3. Frances A. [ ]. \v. of Cha[rle]s Henry B., in Brighton,

BUCKMINSTER, Joseph Steevens, May 26, 1781. G.R.3. Lucy Maria, sister of Rev. Joseph Steevens and w. of Prof. John Farrar, Oct. 11, 1787. G.R.3.

Cambridge Births. Io3

G.R.3. Francis Vaughan, s. of Charles and Hannah Apthorp, in Boston, May 23, 1803. G.R.3. George Storer. s. of Charles and Hannah Apthorp, in Boston

COSTELLO, Margaret, d. of Martin and Nancy, Dec. i, 1847. Margaret, d. of Thomas and Margaret, Jan. 5, 1848. Sarah A., d. of Thomas and Margaret, both b. in Ireland, Aug. 21, 1849.

Benjamin, s. of wid. Elizabeth, bp. Mar. 7, 1756, " Her husband, Mathew Cox, was killed suddenly by a fall from an apple tree about 3 weeks past." c.r.i.

CURRAN, Catherine, d. of Philip and Catherine, Oct. 2, 1847. Christina, d. of Phihp and Catherine, Sept. 4, 1843. James, s. of PhilHp and Catherine, Nov. 5, 1849. John, s. of Philip and Catherine, Nov. 28, 1845.

DALLAS, Alexander James (Capt., G.R.2), s. of Alexander J. and Mary and adopted s. of Samuel and Susan Sanders, in Charlestown, June 29, 1831.

Cambridge Births. I9I

DAVES (see Davies, Davis), Edward Graham, of Baltimore, Md., s. of John Pugh and Elizabeth B. Graham of New Bern, N. C, in New Bern, Mar. 31, 1833. G.R.3.

DIX, Edmund, s. of Edmund, bp. Oct. 3, 1736. c.r.i. Sarah Ann EHzabeth, d. of Alexander and Temperance P. and w. of Edward A. Williams, May 18, 1805. G.R.3.

and Susannah, Feb. 4, 1760. Twin. Ebenezer, s. of Ebenezer and Susannah, Aug. 18, 1749. Elizabeth Prentice, d. of Ebenezer and Susannah, Sept. 27,

EVERETT, Aaron, s. of Aaron and Sally, Apr. 2y, 1798.' Alexander R., s. of Alexander, b. in South Berwick. Me., and Sylvia, b. in Portland, Me., June 2, 1849.

Cambridge Births. 24I

June 24, 1838. c.R.4. Charlotte Amelia, d. of Wairen and Mary Jane, Oct. 28, 1843. Charlotte Elizabeth, d. of Stephen T. and Elizabeth C. Todd,

Christopher, s. of Oliver, dec, and Abigail, Sept. i, 1806. Cyrus Bryant, s. of Ebenfezejr and Martha, Apr. 21, 1802. Ebenezer, s. of Ebenezer and Martha, Feb. 19, 1793. Edmund John, s. of John and Adaline, July 20, 1829. Edward Breck, s. of Timothy and Margaret, May 23. 1828.

Solomon, s. of Daniel and Mary, June 20, 1654. William C, s. of Samuel R., b. in Newburyport, and Lucy A., b. in New Milford, Conn., in Boston, Oct. 13, 1849.

GROOMS, Edward, s. of Edward and Martha, June 16, 1802. Edward, s. of Edward and Martha, in Boston, June 16, 1806. Isabella Miller, d. of Edward and Martha, Nov. 28, 1806. Martha, d. of Edward and Martha, Apr. 7, 1804.

Henry Bacon, s. of Joseph W. and Martha D., Dec. 16, 1835. Hepsibah, d. of Samfuejll, bp. Apr. 11. 1736. c.r.i. Horace, s. of Edmund Trowbridge and Elizabeth Spring, Sept.

Charles Ezekiel, s. of Ezekiel and Eliza, July 15, 1829. Charles Henry, s. of John and Judith, Sept. i, 1803. Edward David, s. of Ezekiel and Eliza, Dec, 27, 1833.

HEARSEY (see Hersey), Augustus, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, Mar. 9, 1809. Edward, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, Oct. 17, 1806. Hannah, d. of Jonathan and Hannah, June 21, 1810. Harrison, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, Dec. 23, 1807. Henry, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, Aug. 5, 1798.

1804. Jonathan, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, July 17, 1794. Lydia Oilman, d. of Jonathan and Hannah, June 11, 1796. Margaretta, d. of Jonathan and Hannah, Oct. 15, 1792. William, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, Dec. 17, 1801. William Porter, s. of Jonathan and Hannah, June 13, 1800.

1848. G.R.3. Frederic Augustus, s. of George and Angeline, Aug. 22, 1844. Frederick Augustus, s. of Thomas and Eliza, May 15, 1828. Freeman Greenwood, s. of Freeman and Sophronia, July 16,

George Clark, s. of William and Mary, in Boston, Mar. 2. 1828. Martha Clark, d. of William and Mary Ann, May 11, 1836. Marv Ann Frances, d. of William and Mary Ann, May 5,

Francis A. B., s. of Francis M, and Sarah, June 8, 1832. Frederick Curtis, s. of Joseph and Delia, July 25, 1828. George Francis, s. of Levi and Caroline, Mar. 4, 183 1.

Edward Everett, s. of Crossman, July 18, 1847. Elizab[eth], d. of Marmaduke and Ruth, Feb. 2. 1671-2. Elizabeth Ann, d. of Crossman and Elizabeth, Oct. 15, 1843. Elizabeth Chesley [ ], w. of Daniel, in Dover, N. H.,

Jerusha Dany, d. of George and Jerusha, June 17, 1819. John H., s. of Patrick and Mary, Sept. 5, 1845. Leonard, s. of Lemuel and Elizabeth, bp. Oct. 19, 1800. c.r.i. Lucy Withington, d. of Lemuel and Elizabeth, bp, Sept. 15,

18, 1845. Charles Coffin, in Kennebunk, Me., July 25, 1799. Charles L., s. of Nicholas and Elizabeth. Sept. 29, 1828. G.R.3. Charles William, s. of Charles C. and Sarah Ann, in Boston,

Cambridge Births. 44I

C.R.9. Elizabeth Clark, d. of Nathaniel and Elizabeth, Oct. 26, 1804. Elizabeth Clark, d. of Nathaniel and Elizabeth, Aug. 26, 1806. Elizabeth Cunningham [ ], w. of George, Feb. 7, 1815.

Cambridge Births. 45

3. 1841. Hannah E. S., d. of Moses and Priscilla, Mar. 14, 1831. Lucy Maria, d. of Moses and Lucy Maria, Aug. i, 1843. Lydia Ann, d. of Moses and Priscilla, in Charlestown, Nov.

Oriana, d. of Harrison and Mary A. and w, of Frank Hardenbergh, June 13, 1845. G.R.3. Sarah, d. of Josiah N[ottage] and Elizabeth, bp. Aug. 5, 1827.

McALLEN, James, s. of James and Bridgett, both b. in Ireland, Dec. 10, 1849. Patrick, s. of James and Bridgett, Apr. 12, 1847. Patrick, s. of James and Bridgett, Apr. 14, 1848.

18, 1833. Catherine, d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Dec. 11, 1824. Elizabeth, d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Jan. 3, 182 1. Elmira, d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Nov. 24, 1816. Elmira 11., d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Mar. 3, 1819. John Arthur, s. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Jan. 15, 1830. Mary Ann, d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, May 24, 1826. Sarah Charlotte, d. of Arthur and Sarah Charlotte, Apr. 22,

Lucius Emmett Clary, s. of Lucius R. and Clarinda R., in Springfield, Sept. 19, 1829. Name changed by General Court in 1850 to Lucius Robinson.

Cambridge Births. 54I

PARKS (see Parkes), Abby Frances, d. of Cyrus and Elizabeth, in West Cambridge, Dec. 15, 1844. Abigail, d. of Thomas and Abigail, Mar. 3, 1658. Charles Thaddeus, s. of Leonard and Jane, Dec. 29, 1824. Edward, s. of Thomas and Abigail, Apr. 8, 1661. Edward, s. of Royal M. and Betsey J.. Aug. 7, 1839. Edward G., s. of^Thomas and Clarissa, Feb. 20, 1844.

Richardson, Charlotte Billings, Dec. 25, 1813. G.R.3. Charlotte Oaks, d. of Augustus and Clarissa, Mar. 16, 1836. Christopher C, s. of Chris [tophejr C. and Eliza, in Quincy,

1808. G.R.3. Henry Jackson, s. of Henry Jackson and Margarett A. Williams, Apr. 18, 1834. G.R.3. Horace P.inney, eldest s. of Horace Binney and Elizabeth Little in Manilla, July 31, 1843. G.R.3. George R. R., eldest s. of Henry Parkman and Mary Georgiana, in Manilla, May 25, 1836. G.R.3. Henry Howard, in Manilla, Nov. 5, 1838. G.R.3. Henry Parkman, in Boston, Oct. 13, 1806. G.R.3. James Perkins, s. of Henry Parkman and Mary Georgiana, in

Cambridge Births, 70I

Mary, d. of Thom[a]s and Mary, Oct. 12, 1740. Mary, d. of Thomas Jr. and Elizabeth, May 20, 1764. Nathaniel, s. of Edward and Patience, Dec. 21, 1747. Sarah Williams, d. of Nath [aniejll and Margaret, Nov. 16,

Martha H., eldest d. of Rev. Samuel and Harriet P., in Windsor, Conn., May 18, 1837. G.R.3. Mary A. K. Atwood [ ], w. of Rev. George Frederick,

Cambridge Births. 73

G.R.3. Henry Lyman, s. of Sam[ue]l and Sarah, Mar. 29, 1840. Henry Veazey, in Fredericktown, Md., Sept. 26, 1809. G.R.3. Hubbard Danforth, s. of Ira and Eliza Ann, in Charlestown,

WATERHOUSE, Andrew Oliver, s. of Benjamin and Elizabeth, Nov. 12, 1789. Benjamin, Dr., in Newport, R. I., Mar. 4, 1754. G.R.3. Benjamin, s. of Dr. Benjamin and Elizabeth, July 28, 1797. Daniel Oliver, s. of Dr. Benjamin and Elizabeth. Feb. 18,

Emeline Elizabeth, d. of Enos and Catherine, May 20, 1829. Enos Alonzo, s. of Enos and Catherine, Nov. 15, 1833. George H., s. of Adoniram J. and Elizabeth, May 27, 1838.

- , Amelia Newman, w. of Gustavus Farley, in Gottenberg, Sweden, Dec. 2, 1822. G.R.3. - , Amelia Parker, w. of John Tarbell, in Pepperell, Aug.

Oct. II, 1848. G.R.3. , Katharine May, w. of Benjamin William Crowninshield, Jan. 3, 1843. G.R.3. , Katharine Whitney Brooks, w. of Stephen Deering

G.R.3. , Mary A. Prescott. w. of John Thompson, in Lincolnville, Me., Dec. 29, 1825. G.R.3. , Mary A. T. Malbon, w. of Theodore Russell Glover,

. Mary Montgomery, w. of Samuel Batchelder, in Haverhill. N. H., May 5, 1790. G.R.3. - , Mary Morse, w. of Joel Parker, in Keene, N. H., Feb.

- , Selina Cranch, w. of William Cranch Bond, in Kingsbridge, Devonshire, Eng., Apr. 4, 1798. G.R.3. - , Seviah Horton, w. of David G. Meloon, , 1819