Sangamon County, Illinois - The whole text, 1912 (part 26 of 46)

Henry T. Mann was born in Clear Lake Township, December 10, 1848, a son of Christopher and Anna R. (King) Mann, natives of Kentucky, born in 1816 and 1827, respectively. The father was a farmer, and came to Sangamon County somewhat later than his wife, who arrived the year of the big snow, in 1831. They met and were married, first settling on a farm owned by them, east of Riverton but several years later moved to Mt. Pulaski.

After a boyhood spent on the farm, during which time he attended school held in the primitive log building in his neighborhood, Mr. Mann was forced into early maturity by the outbreak of the war. When still a lad, he enlisted, June 1, 1861, in Company E, Twenty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Carl Hecker. The regiment went into camp at Springtield, whence it was sent to Chicago, and was mustered into service at Alton. After participating in several skirmishes, Mr. Mann took part in the terrible battle at Perryville. Several more skirmishes intervened between that and the battle of Stone River, where there was a five days' fight. For the following six months the regiment was in camp, then was engaged in the bloody battle of Chickamauga, and fell back to Chattanooga, where breastworks were thrown up. Mr. Mann was also in the engagements at Missionary Ridge and Kenesaw Mountain, at Buzzard's Roost and Resaca. The regiment served under Generals Grant, Sherman and Thomas. Mr. Mann was finally mustered out August 17, 1864, after a long and hard service. Returning home, he began farming, and for the past thirtytwo years has been at his present location, where he owns forty acres of very valuable land, devoting it to general farming.

daughter of William and Rachel Snodgrass. Mrs. Mann's parent's came from Indiana and Kentucky, locating in Sangamon County at an early day. Mr. and Mrs. Mann became the parents of three children: Mrs. Albert Bashaw, whose husband engaged with the Franklin Life Insurance Company at Springfield; Marietta, wife of Crow Grubb, employed at the city water works of Springfield; Charles, employed by a telephone company, working all over the State.

In politics, Mr. Mann is a strong Republican, but has never been willing to go before the public as a candidate for office. He is a fine man in every respect and commands the warm appreciation and firm confidence of all with whom he has been brought into contact. His pleasant home is presided over by Mrs. Mann, a charming lady, who has been her husband's inspiration and efficient assistant for over forty years. The young people have grown up to be a credit to their parents, and wherever the name of Mann is found it represents solidity and upright living.

MANN, John H. - Many of the younger men of Sangamon County are content to devote themselves to farming, realizing the money to be made from specializing along agricultural lines. The days are past when a farmer worked merely for a living; now he is as much a business man as the grocer or banker, and the country is much more heavily obligated to him than to the others mentioned. One of the younger men of Sangamon County who are representative of the farming interests, is John H. Mann, residing on a fine twenty-acre truck farm on Section 29, Capital Township. He was born in Metcalfe County, Ky., February 14, 1870, a son of James and Mary E. (Goodman) Mann, both natives of Kentucky born in 1841 and 1849 respectively.

he remained until 1883, when he moved to Ashland, Ill., locating on a farm, which continued to be his home until 1903. In that year he came to Sangamon County, making his home with his son until his death, May 28, 1905. His widow survives, and lives at Oakland, Cal., with her son Charles. There were eight sons and one daughter in the family, six of whom survive: John H.; Charles, of Oakland, Cal.; George, Frank, Daniel; Mary, wife of Arthur Pringle, of Oakland. Two other sons Edward and Will, died recently. Two brothers of the father, Marion and Jorney Mann, were soldiers in the Civil War. The Mann family is one of the old ones of Kentucky and its members haye been connected with its history since early days. The education of John H. Mann was secured in Ashland, where he attended the public schools. Later he alternated farming with learning the trade of printer. He never worked long at his trade, however, but as a young man was for a year in an office in Ashland, then operated a farm in the vicinity. He came to Sangamon County in 1890, being engaged in business in Springfield for ten years, but in 1900, the call of the soil became too strong for him and he came to live in his present home. He rents twenty acres, which he devotes to gardening, and his success has been remarkable, his product meeting with a ready sale.

Mr. Mann was married in Jacksonville, Ill., October 18, 1891, when he was united with Anna Ellen Martin, born near that city, in Morgan County, October 18, 1866 a daughter of Frank Martin, who was one of the pioneers of Morgan County. He carried on farming there until his death in 1899, his wife having died in 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Martin had nine children, seven of whom are now living. No children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mann. They are consistent members of the Presbyterian Church, to which Mr. Mann is a liberal contributor. In politics he is a Republican, but his busines cares have been too heayy for him to devote much attention to public matters. However, he is always abreast of the times, well informed on current affairs, and votes intelligently and faithfully. a

Having devoted so much time to his work, Mr. Mann understands it thoroughly and follows it scientifically. He leaves nothing to chance in his operations, but carries out certain definite rules, and the results prove the wisdom of his actions. Shrewd, keen and enterprising, he is an excellent busines man, while his sterling honesty and uprightness of chafacter have impressed themselves upon his associates and won him many warm, personal friends, whom he retains. His home is skillfully presided over by his wife, and their many friends always find a cordial welcome when they enter its hospitable doors.

MANN, Samuel A., a useful and industrious citizen of Springfield, Ill., was born in Monroe County, W. Va., May 15, 1837, and is a son of Alexander and Isabelle (Stevenson) Mann, both born in Monroe County, he December 13, 1802, and she in 1810. The father was a farmer and spent his entire life in his native State, as did his parents and those of his wife. He was a carpenter, as well as a farmer, and after leaving school his son Samuel worked at that trade with his father until the war. At the age of twenty-one years Samuel A. Mann enlisted in Colonel King's Battalion of Artillery, June 2, 1861, at Monroe County, Va., and served in the Confederate Army to the close of the war, entering under Captain Lowery. He took part in the Battles of Winchester, Fisher Hill, Strasburg, Fayetteville, Charleston, Deep Creek, Berryville (Va.), Shenandoah Valley, and many others. He did his full duty as a soldier in the cause he then believed to be just, but, in the light of later events and his more mature judgment, now feels deep regret that he was not fighting for the other side.

Jester, a native of Delaware, who moved to Iowa when a boy, and is now living in Indiana. His wife died in Ohio, many years ago. Mrs. Mann's grandparents were natives of Delaware and Iowa and became prominent in the localities where they lived.

Mr. Mann has lived in Sangamon County, Il. since 1866, and at first worked at nursery business. He is esteemed by his associates and has a good reputation in the community. For several years past he has been employed in the trade of carpenter, at which he is a skillful workman. He is industrious and thrifty and has accumulated some property. He belongs to the Missionary Baptist Church and to a temperance society. He has always taken an active interest in public affairs and in politics isa Democrat. He and his wife became parents of six children: Ella, Daisy, Edgar and Frankie, deceased; Eva May, born in Indiana, August 14, 1878, married Richard Ashcroft, of Riverton, and they have three children, all liying - Richard, Stacey and Jessie; Lulu, born in Springfield, May 24, 1580, married Fred Painter, of Springfield, and they have three children - Hazel, Maude and Merrill. The family home is 418 South Thirteenth Street.

MARLOWE, William, Jr., Secretary, Treasurer and Manager of the E. & W. Clothing Company, of Springfield, and one of the most enterprising business men of the city, was born there September 9, 1877, being a son of William and Henrietta (Smith) Marlowe, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

Mr. Marlowe attended the public schools of Springfield until he was fourteen years old, when he began doing odd jobs, being anxious to prove his worth. When he was seventeen years old he entered the employ of I. Price, of Springfield, and for eight years continued with him, gradually being advanced until he spent a portion of his time representing the hoase on the road and the remainder as a cutter. Following this, he went with Capps & Son, of Jacksonville, as a cutter, and held other responsible positions with them. In December, 1903, he commenced work with the present firm. On March 20, 1908, the business was incorporated, with Mr. Marlowe as a stockholder, and he was elected to his present position February 1, 1909. He is essentially a selfmade man and deserves much credit for what he has accomplished.

On June 14, 1904, Mr. Marlowe was married in Springfield, to Ida Hein of that city, daughter of Hugo and Emma Hein. Mr. and Mrs. Marlowe are the parents of two children: Velma, born May 29, 1905, and Dorothy, born December 31, 1909. He belongs to the Odd Fellows and enjoys his fraternal connections. The energy of the young business men of today is appreciated by those older in the trade and their services are eagerly sought, so that those who had formerly relied upon Mr. Marlowe were sorry to lose him, although they rejoiced over his success. The firm 'of which he is so efficient a representative is rapidly forging to the front and controls a large trade, not only in Springfield, but in a wide territory contiguous to that city.

MARLOWE, William, custodian of the Supreme Court Building of Springfield, who resides in his own home at No. 1114 Rutledge Street, is one of the best known men in that city. He was born in Salt Hill Village, three miles from Windsor Castle and twenty miles from London, October 11, 1835, and is proud of his English birth. His grandfather, Thomas Marlowe, was a shoemaker of Hton, England, who made a specialty of boots for postilions. His wife was Ann Cole, and both died in England. They had three sons: William, George and James.

William Marlowe, Sr., was born at Eton, England, June 19, 1803, and became a gardener. He married Maria Sadler, of Cookham, Berks County. One day he, his father and his brothers, were standing on the banks of the Thames River, when they saw one of King George's private boats moored at a little fishing place called Black Potts, marked "For sale." They bought it and turned it into a house, adding a couple of rooms, and made it their home for years, and in it William Marlowe, Jr., was born. Here both the father and mother died, about 1846, when William Marlowe, Jr., was a small boy. There were the following children in the family of his parents: William; James, deceased; Maria, Mrs. Thomas Hickmann, of Du Quoin, Il., and George, deceased.

When this little family was left without parents, relatives took them until something could be done for them. A little later, William became a page in the home of the rector, Rev. John Septimus Grover, who was made Vice Provost of Eton College. Although he did not go to school, William Marlowe, being an ambitious boy, studied at night, continuing as page in several homes, until 1862, when he started for America, landing in New York City. His destination was British Columbia, but when he reached St. Paul he decided to go to work in a harvest field, and later on a railroad, and saw the first train that entered St. Anthony. Still later, he went to Hast St. Louis to work in the Eads gun-boat yards, and then was on a steamboat runnihg between St. Louis and St. Paul. He then worked for the Government at Leavenworth for a year, whence he came to Alma, Ill., to go into the Gastside Coal Company's mine. After a few years there, he went to Du Quoin to work in the mines. On April 16, 1868, he arrived in Springfield, and*for a time worked in the mines. In February, 1881, Attorney General James McCartney appointed him janitor of his office, and in September, 1893, he was given his present responsible position, Owing to it he has had the honor of forming the acquaintances of many noted men, and, as he is very attentive and affable, has made many friends.

to Henrietta Smith, of Springfield, daughter of Samuel and Julia Grace Smith, and they have the following children: George W., died at the age of nineteen months; William of this city, married Ida Hein and they have two children, Velma and Dorothy; James S., of Indianapolis, married Jessie Allison, two children, James D. and Marjory. Mr. Marlowe belongs to the Church of England, while his wife is a Presbyterian. He is a stanch Republican and fraternally is a Mason. Few men are better known than he, and he is regarded with affectionate friendship by men all over the State who have benefited by his kindly consideration.

MARSH, Frank Hewett, yard master of the Wabash Railroad Company is a man who has proven his worth, and is regarded by the company as one of the most efficient and capable men in their employ. He was born in Bloomington, Ill., December 28, 1866, son of Henry S., and Theresa (Bahr) Marsh. The father was born in Wheeling, W. Va., and there spent the first eighteen years of his life. He then came to Springfield, where he lived for forty years, thirty-five of which he was passenger engineer on the Wabash railroad. Following this, he was in the round house of that road for several years. His death occurred in 1892. In politics he was independent. His wife was a native of Germany, who came to the United States when thirteen years old, and she died in Springfield when fifty-six years old. She and her husband had children as follows: Eva married J. L. Horgett; Frank; Olbert; Cora married Arthur Mitchell, all of this city. The Marsh family originated in England, but many years ago located in the southern States, where they became wealthy planters. John Bahr, an uncle of Frank Marsh, acted as a substitute for his brother-in-law, Henry S. Marsh, during the Civil War, enlisting under General John Mc- Nulty and serving from 1861 to 1865.

Frank Marsh attended the public schools of Springfield from the time he was ten years old. Entering the employ of the Wabash Railroad Company, he was first engine caller, later telegrapher, and in 1898 was made yard master, and has held that responsible position ever since,

On August 26, 1886, he was married, at Urbana, Ill., to Miss Sophia Wallert, of that place, daughter of Christ Wallert, deceased. They belong to the First Christian Church. Fraternally Mr. Marsh is a Knight of Pythias and a Modern Woodman. He is active in politics, being a Republican, and is ever ready to lend his support to all measures looking towards the advancement of the county.

MARSHALL, Andrew J. - An example of what a young man may accomplish by economy, thrift, persistent effort and wise business judgment, may be found in the case of Andrew J. Marshall, a successful business man of Springfield, Ill., who has made himself substantial through exercising these characteristics and now main- tains a reputation for substantiality gained through years of hard work. Mr. Marshall was born on a farm three and one-half miles southwest of Pawnee, Ill., June 30, 1867, a son of John J. and Martha (Lord) Marshall, who now reside in Oklahoma, where Mr. Marshall is engaged in farming and cattle-raising.

Andrew J. Marshall was but eight years of age when he became self-supporting, starting to work at that age for J. F. Lord, an uncle, who was engaged in farming near Glenarm, Ill., and received four dollars per month for his services, his duties allowing him a little time to attend school under teachers McIlwaine and Crowder. On coming to Springfield, at the age of seventeen years, he became a delivery boy for John Brewster, at twenty dollars per month, and attended school for some time in the city, and eventually was left his one-third share of a farm of eighty acres by his grandfather, Cy Lord, his sisters having an equal share in the property with him. By the strictest economy young Marshall had saved $1,000 by this time and took this money to purchase the interests of his sisters, and later sold the farm to invest his money in property at the corner of Eleventh and South Grand Avenue, in Springfield, on which was located an old frame building. He first started a butcher shop in this building, and now rents it. A new structure was erected in 1899, and is used as a barber shop. From time to time he has invested his holdings in real estate and now owns seven valuable store buildings in the capital city, and other valuable property, in addition to his modern home, at 1500 South Highth Street, which he remodeled in the fall of 1910.

Mr. Marshall was married October 1, 1889, in Springfield, to Miss Lucy B. Rose, the daughter of Henry B. and Mary Rose, and one son has been born to this union, Robert, born in 1899, who is now attending school. The family are members of the First Presbyterian Church, and in political views Mr. Marshall is a stanch Republican,

MARSHALL, Elizabeth Viola. - It is truly said that the good mother lives again in her children for there are thousands of women all over the United States who are devoting themselves to their children. Not only is this true of those who have helpless little ones depending upon them, but also of those who have already seen their offspring grow to maturity. One of these excellent mothers who is setting an example younger women may well follow to their profit, is Mrs. Elizabeth Viola (Rountree) Marshall, of Springfield. She was born in Perry County, Ill., April 12, 1865, a daughter of Turner and Temperance Rountree, natives of Washington County, Ill. The father was a farmer in Perry County, Ill., where he took an active part in politics, always casting his vote and influence in favor of the Democratic candidates. Mrs. Rountree died July 19, 1889, while Mr. Rountree died February 28, 1904, and their remains are interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery.

Pinckneyville, the county seat of Perry County, Ill., to Mr. Marshall. Two sons were born of this marriage: Claud Lionel Marshall, born August 14, 1884, and Lloyd Chester Marshall, born February 9, 1886, both born in Perry County. The elder son is an electrician, while the younger is a traveling salesman for the Springfield Woolen Mills. Mrs. Marshall is a devout member of Stuart Street Christian Church, and is active in promoting its good works. She is proud of the fact that her grandfather, Allen Rountree, was a gallant soldier in' the War of 1812. Mrs. Marshall has resided in Springfield many years and has made many warm friends there. 5

MARSHALL, Samuel Henry, a retired hotel man of Springfield, was connected with the old Central House, of which he was the owner, and which he conducted for many years under the name of the American House. When he was its host, it was a general stopping place for the noted statesmen who flocked to Springfield, making this hostelry their headquarters. Mr. Marshall was born September 138, 1846, at Abbottstown, Adams County, Pa., son of Henry Marshall, also a native of Pennsylvania, born about 1821, and died in 1901. He bought 140 acres in York County, Pa., near the Adams County line, and there his death occurred. His wife bore the maiden name of Mary Farland, also of Pennsylvania. Her death occurred on the home farm in 1887, when she was seventy-two years old. She and her husband were Lutherans and he was a Republican. The children born to them were: Martha married Nathaniel Burkheimer and died three months after marriage on the home farm; Samuel Henry; Amelia, wife of George Dull, of Thomasville, York County, Pa.; Anna; Rush a farmer of Iowa; Herman died in 1902, in York County; Alice, of York County; and Henry, of Hanover. The family is of German origin, the Grandfather Marshall having been a native of that country.

Samuel Henry Marshall was a year old when his father moved to York County, and grew up on the farm there, attending the country school a portion of the year until he was sixteen years old. Until he attained his majority he remained upon the farm, but then went to York, where for two years he was interested in a bakery. Selling this, he bought a livery business and operated it for two years more. In 1876 he again sold, and for a short time bought horses for the market. Coming to Springfield at the close of that year, he entered the produce business on Hast Adams Street, but two years later moved to North Sixth Street. In 1879 he became proprietor of the Central House, operating it until the building was sold to make way for the preswhere he lived for fourteen years.

ent imposing business block which was erected on its historic site. Mr. Marshall then operated the Corrigan House on Hast Adams Street for nine years, changing its name to Marshall

House. After he disposed of it, in April, 1909, the name was changed to the Brunswick House. Following this sale, Mr. Marshall returned to Pennsylvania for a visit. Upon his return he purchased his present home, and has since lived retired, having been thirty years in the hotel business, twenty years of which was spent in one place. He is a Lutheran in religious faith. Active in political affairs, he served as Alderman from the Seventh Ward during 1884 and 1885, and was efficient in that office. :

Mr. Marshall was married in York, Pa., in 1876, to Miss Elizabeth Shellenberger, of York County, a daughter of Joseph Shellenberger. They had one daughter, Jessie, who died at the age of twenty-five years.

MARTIN, George B. - Sangamon County is noted not only for its agricultural interests, but also as the scene of varied mining activities, and some of the most prosperous of its citizens have devoted themselves to this branch of business. A representative man of Divernon, George B. Martin has achieved a wellmerited success. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, September 11, 1838, a son of John and Jeanette (Banks) Martin, natives of Glasgow and Ayrshire, the father born in 1811 and the mother in 1815. The father was killed by a locomotive just as he was leaving home to claim a fortune left him in the West Indies, in 1860. His widow survived him until 1869, when she, too, passed away in Scotland.

From the time he was eight years old Mr. Martin has earned his own living, but remained at home until twenty-six years old, when he came to the United States, landing in Portland, Me., April 8, 1865. After that he made a number of changes, going to Maryland and Virginia, He then lived at Astoria, Fulton County, Ill., for two years, locating in La Salle in 1880. He spent some time in Wyoming, but in 1901 came to Divernon, which has continued his home ever since. All his life he has been interested in mining operations, and is markedly successful.

While he has given attention to his business, Mr. Martin has not neglected the religious side of his nature, but has sought to lead others into what he believes is the right path, and has preached in every place in which he has lived. While in Wyoming he built a stone church for the Congregationalists, but is now a member of the Presbyterian Church. While independent in polities, he is a strong Prohibitionist, and has done effective work for the cause. Fraternally he is a member of the order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, being the oldest member of that lodge in Divernon, having joined it in 1878, passed through all of its chairs and served as its Representative to the Grand Lodge

Mr. Martin was married in Scotland, to Margaret McGee, on January 20, 1860. She was born in Ireland, Aygust 9, 1839, a daughter of Michael and Mary (Cunningham) McGee, natives of County Down, Ireland. The father died in 1849, but the mother came to the United States in 1870, returning to Scotland in 1872, and dying in Ayrshire in 1874. The grandparents were all natives of Ireland, and there died, but Mr. and Mrs. McGee moved to Ayrshire in 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Martin became the parents of fourteen children, six of whom are dead. Hugh, born in Scotland in November, 1863, married Mary Hurd of Illinois, children - George, Annie (deceased), James, Joseph, Margaret, Alice, Mary, Harry and Hugh; James, born in Maryland, April 5, 1866, unmarried, has been a resident of California for five years; Mary, born in West Virginia, May 28, 1869, is a nurse and resides in California; George, a clergyman, born in West Virginia, June 17, 1871, married Mary Anderson, a native of Denmark, three living children - Donald, Harry and Ellen; Jeanette, born in Maryland, March 24, 1873, married Robert S. Simpson, of Scotland, now lives in Farmersville, Ill., where he is a mine superintendent, five living children - George, Ruth, Jeanette, Ottie and Charles; Charles, in the cement business in Divernon, born in Maryland, December 8, 1877, married and has one child, Annie Bell; John, born in Illinois, April 2, 1888, unmarried and living in North Dakota ; Margaret, born in La Salle, Ill., September 15, 1880, married Victor Mercer, of Lamoille, and lives in North Dakota, where Mr. Mercer owns three-quarters of a section of land.

Mr. Martin is much respected in his community, where he owns considerable property, and has earned the confidence of his neighbors. He is proud of his family, as he has every reason to be, and of the progress he has made during his long and busy life.

MARTIN, Green W. (deceased), formerly one of the prosperous farmers of Cartwright Township, whose finely developed farm on Section 16, serves aS a model for his neighbors, was born in Robinson County, near Springfield, Tenn., September 29, 1845, a son of Thomas and Marina (Glaser) Martin, both natives of Springfield, Tenn. There they grew up, were educated and eventually married. Four of their seven children were born in that city. These children were: Fannie, first wife of Dick Crenshaw of Pleasant Plains; Green W.; William who died about 1900; Nancy, wife of A. B. Purvines, a prosperous farmer of Cartwright Township; Molly, deceased; Azaro of Coffeyville, Kas., and Isaac, who died in infancy.

About 1851, the parents with the four children already born, came to Cartwright Township, renting a farm owned by Peter Cartwright, the famous circuit-riding preacher, and they lived.

At that time, all of the timber land had been secured, and Mr. Martin not having faith in the prairie land would not invest in it, although at that time he could have purchased it for three dollars per acre. About 1858, he moved to Schuyler County, and in 1860, was killed by the premature explosion of a twelve-pound cannon that was fired off to celebrate Fourth of July, when Abraham Lincoln was candidate for the presidency. His widow went to Sedgwick County, Kas., where she passed away, September 28, 1871.

Green W. Martin was only six years old when he was brought to Cartwright Township, and although taken away when his father died, he came back to Pleasant Plains and began working on the farm of Augustus W. Hayes, continuing with him for two years, and rendering very efficient service. In 1870, he went west, stopping in Kansas to visit his mother. From there he went to Colorado Springs, and thence to Cripple Creek, where he mined with his brother Willian. They located the Summit mine, in what they named Globe Hill. Here they sunk a shaft 240 feet, striking rich pay ore, and then Mr. Martin sold his share for $41,000 spot cash to W. S. Stratton, who later became one of the wealthiest mine owners of Cripple Creek, the Summit mine proving to be one of the best opened up in that locality. Still later he went to Jasper County, Mo., settling there in 1879, near Carthage. Finally he returned to Pleasant Plains, and bought 160 acres on Section 16, Cartwright Township, settling down upon it. In 1876, Mr. Martin married Ollie Sampson, but she died in Jasper County, Mo., leaving one son, Thomas L., who is married, having two sons and two daughters, and is now residing near his father in Cartwright Township. The other two children of this first marriage of Mr. Martin's died in infancy. On December 19, 1892, Mr. Martin married in Cripple Creek, Emma Pleines, born in St. Louis, Mo., December 16, 1874, a daughter of Conrad and Emma (Muller) Pleines. These parents went to Denver in 1879, prior to the time when any trains ran to Leadville, so as that place was their destination, the trip had to be made by wagon. They remained in Leadville, a short time, but moved about, the father trying to locate a paying mine. Finally removal was made to Colorado Springs, and there the father died, December 19, 1899. His widow still resides in Colorado Springs.

Mr. and Mrs. Martin settled down on their farm home, and began making the many improvements which now add to its value, including a very comfortable twelve-room house, substantial barns and necessary outbuildings. They became the parents of seven children: Mary O., born June 30, 1894, died July 12, 1909; Amy F., born June 7, 1897; Effie Leta, born January 9, 1899; Lula Bell born April 1, 1901; Ruth C., born December 31, 1903; Emma L., born December 9, 1904; Alice Green, born June 6, 1907, and Frank Conrad, born September 23, 1910.

Mr. Martin was very successful in his farming, and added to his holdings, buying in 1898, eighty acres on Section 17, Cartwright Township, on which he erected a good house and put in a good orchard. He was perfectly satisfied with his achievements, for he carried out the dearest wishes of his boyhood and young manhood becoming the owner of a farm in his chosen locality. He was a Democrat, politically, and fraternally was connected with the Masonic fraternity, Lodge No. 700, and the Odd Fellows of Pleasant Plains: He stood very high in the community, and was regarded as a representative farmer of the best class. Mr. Martin died February 12, 1911.

MARTIN, John Herbert, of Springfield, is a typical British-American citizen, interested in the advancement and progress of his community and doing his full duty as a member of society. Although not active in public affairs he is well informed on the issues of the day and especially as regards local questions. He is a native of Devonshire, England, born September 21, 1871, son of Samuel and Mary Rebecca (Rawlings) Martin, both also natives of Devonshire, the father born May 1, 1833, and the mother in June, 1835. Her parents died when she was a small child, and she was reared by an aunt in the city of London, Samuel Martin was engaged in copper mining and both he and his wife spent their entire lives in England, where he died in July, 1891, and his widow a few years later. They were parents of the following children: William, who was drowned; Elizabeth, wife of Jim Stickler, of England; John Herbert, of this notice; Charles . Andrew, deceased; Sophia, deceased ; William Edward, of England; Mary Ann and Emma, twins, the former wife of Jack Righton and the latter the wife of Joseph Armstrong, both of England; Annie M., wife of Ralph Righton; Jessie, wife of William Wilkenson; Ellen, wife of John Graham. The father of these children served for two years in Mounted Artillery H, Ninety-fifth Regiment of the English Army.

Mr. Martin received his education in the schools of Devonshire and Durham County, and learned gardening. He came to the United States and located in Springfield. He is a Democrat in politics and an Episcopalian in religious belief. For many years before leaving England he was prominent as a gardener and florist, and held office from April 10, 1893, to October, 1897, as Secretary of the Gerrow-Hebburn-Monkton and MHedworth Society, which corresponds to the agricultural societies of our own country. He has held the offices of Secretary and Treasurer, Vice President and President of the U. M. W. A., and is also a member of the I. O. O. F. and Red Men organizations,

Mr. Martin was married in St. Anthony Roman Catholic Church, Durham, England, by Rey. Father P. M. Clark, in 1890, to Anna Cherry, who was born in Newfield, Durham, England, June 22, 1865, daughter of William and Isabel (Dickson) Cherry, the father born in Durham County, in July, mother born December 9, 1826. The father died in July, 1904, and the mother still survives. There were five children born to Mr. Cherry and wife, namely: William, Edward, George; Isabel, wife of Luke Foster, and Anna, Mrs. Martin. Five children were born to Mr. Martin and wife, only one of whom now survives, William Edward, born June 12, 1894, employed as foreman at the Illinois Watch Company plant.

MARTIN, Joseph W. (deceased), for many years a resident of Springfield, was born in Ohio County, Ky., not far from Owensboro (Daviess County), November 16, 1838, and was left an orphan at an early age. When nine years of age he came to Sangamon County, with an uncle, James Lynn. He attended the public schools of Ohio County, Ky., and Sangamon County, Ill., and was reared to farming, which he followed until he retired from active life and moved to Springfield. After his marriage he began farming on his own account, purchasing ninety acres of land in Buffalo Hart Township, Sangamon County, where he became successful and held various public and private offices of trust. He served on Grand and Petit Jury for years, and acted as guardian for several persons. He was a prominent and highly esteemed citizen and a liberal contributor to several churches. He was not a member of any church, but had a leaning toward Methodism. After locating in Springfield he attended the Presbyterian Church. He was public-spirited and enterprising, and in politics was a strong Republican.

Mr. Martin was married (first), September 11, 1864, to Miss Mary Jane Robison, daughter of John W. Robison, who died on the home farm July 8, 1888. He was married (second) September 11, 1895, to Mrs. Mary E. (Glose) Davis, daughter of Martin Glose, who was a wellknown farmer of Logan County, Ill., and by his second marriage had two children. Mr. Martin moved with his family to Springfield, in 190s. By his first marriage his children were: Jesse, deceased; William H., Robert, Lena M., Ernest A. By his second marriage his children were: Alvine McKinley, died at the age of five years; George D., died at the age of eight years.

Mrs. Martin was born in Fulton County, Ind., October 12, 1857, and when a babe moved with her parents to Ohio. Later they came back to Indiana and, when she was eleven years old, to Sangamon County, Ill. She was married (first), at Lincoln, Ill., July 4, 1878, to James T. Davis, who was born east of Elkhart, Il., and there reared to manhood. His father, Cyrus Davis, was wounded at Shiloh and died from the effects of the wound before reaching home. He was also a veteran of the Mexican War. James T. Davis died at Mt. Pulaski, I1., November 24, 1890. He and his wife had four children: Maud, Mrs. Ralph McIlvaine, of Topeka, Kan.; Bessie, Mrs. Sidney Reid, of Springfield; Lois Nancy, Mrs. Clarence Unsbee, of Springfield; one child died in infancy.

MARTINAITS, George. - A number of the residents of Springfield have been attracted there by the coal mines, which yield profitable employment to those willing to run the risks and endure the hardships of the work. One of the men thus engaged is George Martinaits, an excellent citizen, living at No. 1212 North Highteenth Street. He was born in Russia, December 26, 1884, a son of Dzmgmont and Anna (Pasloes) Martinaits, both born in Russia, he in 1844 and she in 1854. The father was a farmer who died in his native land in 1903, where his wife still lives, aged fifty-seven years. There were six children in the family: Charles, Mary, Martin, Elizabeth, Anna and Wilease.

Mr. Martinaits was educated in the schools of his native place, and from childhood assisted his father on the farm, In 1907 he came to the United States, landing at Philadelphia. For three months he was at Bethlehem, Pa., and then trayeled over the country looking for a place that suited him. Finally, in 1908, he settled in Springfield, and this has since continued to be his home. He went to work at once in the mines. In religious faith he is a Catholic and politically a Republican. Mr. Martinaits has had the advantage of extended travel. Like so many of his countrymen, he speaks other languages, in addition to Russian and English, and is ambitious to advance still more. It is re markable that these strangers from a foreign shore can come here and in so short a time become men of standing in their community.

MARX, Jacob. - In reviewing a city like Springfield, located in the center of the fertile Middle States, it is astonishing how many of its most prosperous men are of German birth. Coming here when the city, and even the State, was in the throes of evolution, these frugal, industrious, well-trained Germans became excellent Americans, and to them is due much of the present prosperity. One of these representative German-Americans is Jacob Marx, now retired, residing in his own home at No. 1015 South Twelfth Street. He was born in Treis, Germany, April 22, 1832, being a son of Jacob and Gertrude (Sanger) Marx, farming people of Germany, who never left their native land. They had nine children, four of whom survive. The father served bravely as a German soldier.

Brought up in his native land Jacob Marx served for nearly a year in the German Army. His father was taken sick, and to enable him to take care of the farm and family, the king gave him an honorable discharge. He decided that there was more opportunity for him in America, so sailed on May 9, 1857, landing at Quebec, whence he came direct to Springfield and went to work in a stone quarry, where he remained for a number of years, in the employ of Blains Stone Quarry. For two years he was in the employ of Spaulding Murray as a nurseryman and following this, was a gardener for some years. Then for eighteen years he acted as janitor of the Court House, The next ten years were spent

On November 22, 1859, Mr. Marx was united in marriage at Springfield, with Margaret Placer, born in Germany, December 26, 1840. Her parents did not leave Germany, dying there. Mrs. Marx died March 22, 1892, having had fourteen children, six of whom survive: Margaret, wife of Adam Layendecker, of Springfield, she having died March 17, 1911; Joseph, foreman of the Schnepp & Barnes Printing Company; Veronica, wife of Jacob Layendecker ; Catherine, wife of Henry Schmelter, a miner of Springfield; John, in the employ of the Illinois Watch Company; Pauline, at home, her father's housekeeper; Thomas, employed in the Wabash shops. There are twenty-five grandchildren in the family. Mr. Marx owns his beautiful home, as well as other property in Springfield, and is in comfortable circumstances. He belongs to the Church of the Sacred Heart, being a devout Roman Catholic. In politics he is a Democrat, but has never sought public honors. He is a stanch, loyal, true-hearted man, whose life has been spent in doing his duty, and he stands high in the estimation of his fellow men. Mr, Marx was personally acquainted with the great Abraham Lincoln.

MASON, Harry Howland, publisher of the "Pawnee Herald," one of the leading newspaper men of Sangamon County, has been instrumental in molding public opinion for many years, and is now numbered among the brilliant exponents of his profession in his part of the State. Mr. Mason was born near Saybrook, McLean County, Ill., December 18, 1874, a son of James Alfred and Lovenia Florence (Mc- Collister) Mason. The father was born in Swansea, Mass., in 1886, and the mother in Ohio in 1850. The father was long prominent in the affairs of Tazewell County, having come west as a boy and worked his way up, and eventually became a prosperous grain merchant, but is now living retired in Delaven. He was a leader in the Democratic party for many years, and held many local and some county offices. Mrs. Mason comes of good old Presbyterian stock. She is a woman of rare executive ability and superior intelligence. The Masons figured in New England history from its earliest settlement. The grandfather on the paternal side was an officer in the War of 1812 and his wife won distinction by carrying a message on horseback, through storms and darkness, from the American Commanders, she being part of the time under fire.

Harry Howland Mason was educated in the public schools of Delavan, Ill., and was brought up with his four sisters, being the only son. His childhood was uneventful save as to incidents which occur to any active boy. From childhood he showed pronounced mechanical skill. Being apprenticed in a newspaper office, he worked as printer and reporter until 1903,

For fourteen years Mr. Mason served in Company K, Fifth Infantry, Illinois National Guard, passing from rank of private through all the pon-commissioned grades, and finally being commissioned First Lieutenant by the late Gov. J. R. Tanner. While with the Fifth he was on active service in many tours of strike duty in the troublous times of the early 'nineties. In politics Mr. Mason is a Democrat. Fraternally he belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America, and has held various camp offices. As yet he is unmarried.

A conservative man, Mr. Mason is slow to make friends and has few confidants, finding much pleasure in his books and writings. When he does admit anyone to-his confidence, he retains such friendship indefinitely. For some years he has been recognized as a successful newspaper writer on daily papers and weeklies, and is particularly strong in his writing of political stories on a non-partison basis. Through his paper Mr. Mason has made a name for himself in Sangamon County, where his ability is recognized and appreciated.

MASSEY, John, one of Sangamon County's oldest and best-known citizens, and an honored veteran of the Civil War, now lives retired at his comfortable residence at 302 Logan Avenue, Springfield, I1. Mr. Massey was born in Morgan County, Ill., December 25, 1844, son of Jenkins and Susan (Morgan) Massey, the former a native of Illinois and the latter of Wells County, Ind. The parents were farmers and moved to Sangamon County when John was young, remaining there the remainder of their lives. They had seven children.

John Massey received his education in the public schools of Sangamon County, and has been a resident of that county since childhood, except for eight years spent in Logan County, when a young man. He was reared on a farm and lived with his parents until he reached manhood. He enlisted, April 29, 1864, in Sangamon County, in Company E, Fifty-seventh Tllinois Infantry, under Captain Kenyon, serving to the close of the war. He was mustered out in Chicago, in July, 1865, having never been captured, but having had many very narrow escapes and having seen some very hard fighting. Mr. Massey participated in the Battle and campaign of Atlanta, in the Battle of Chattanooga, Sherman's March to the Sea, the Battle of Allatoona, and skirmished to Savannah, Ga., where he received a gun shot wound in the right wrist. He was with the re-enforcements for Grant at Richmond, where there was hard fighting, and was present at the burning of Columbus, S. C. He took part in the Grand Review at Washington, and had an excellent record as a brave and faithful soldier, ready to give his best for his country. He narrowly escaped capture at Allatoona, where his brother was wounded. He is a prominent member of the local G. A. R.

At the close of the war Mr. Massey returned to Sangamon County and engaged in farming, in which he became very successful, and in 1899 retired from more active labors. He is a devout member of the Methodist Church and in politics is a Republican. He is an enterprising and representative citizen, ready to forward any public movement he believes is for the genral welfare, and actively interested in public affairs, although he does not care for public office. He is justly proud of his record as a soldier and his many friends appreciate his sterling qualities of mind and heart and his high character. He owns the home where the family reside, where they have lived since 1899,

Mr. Massey was married, at Lincoln, Ill., in 1870, to Sarah A. Johnson, born in Nicholas County, Ky., March 5, 1839, daughter of John T. and Sarah E. (Ham) Johnson, both natives of Kentucky. One child has been born of this union, James R. Massey, born April 24, 1876, who received his education in the public schools of Springfield, taught school for several years, and is now connected with the Hoenig Electric Company, one of the largest electrical contracting firms of Springfield or Central Tllinois.

MATHENY, Charles R. - Among the substantial farmers who crossed the Alleghanies from the Shenandoah Valley through Cumberland Gap, were James Matheny and his wife, Diana, and their children. One of these, Charles Reynolds Matheny, in early manhood was licensed in the Methodist ministry. He was located for a time at the ancient settlement of Harrods- sent as a missionary to the Illinois Country. He located at Lebanon, in what is now St. Clair County, the future site of McKendree College, where his elder children were born.

His wife, Jemima Ogle, was a daughter of Captain Joseph Ogle, who was notable among the settlers in the Ohio Valley as a militant Christian of the most aggressive type, a force in the religious life of the scattered settlement and a strenuous Indian fighter as well. Captain Ogle was commissioned by Governor Patrick Henry on the 2nd day of June, 1776. He was in command in vigorous fighting against the British and Indians at Fort Henry (Wheeling), W. Va., in 1777. He soon after removed to the west and, in the words of one of the early histories, was "one of its bravest defenders," and Ogle County, Ill., was named in his honor.

The organization of civil and educational affairs in the new communities was a matter of much interest to Charles R. Matheny and he developed much aptitude for them. He was a member of the last Territorial Legislature at Kaskaskia (1817), and Representative from St. Clair County in the Second General Assembly after the adoption of the Constitution in 1818. In 1821 the seat of government for Sangamon County was established at Spring-

He was Clerk of the County Court from the organization of the County until his death, which occurred in 1839. For some years he was also Clerk of the Circuit Court. He was active in the organization of the village of Springfield and was President of the Board of Trustees from 1832 to 1839, with the exception of the year 1834. Among his associates on the Board of Trustees were Stephen T. Logan, the most distinguished lawyer of his day in Illinois; Samuel H. Treat, afterward Judge of the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois and later Judge of the United States Courts for the Southern District of Illinois, and Abraham Lincoln,

Charles R. Matheny was a strong advocate of higher education at the time when popular sentiment was strongly opposed to it, and was one of the Trustees of McKendree College in its early years.

Of the children of Charles R. Matheny, five sons grew to manhood. One, Dr. Lorenzo Dow Matheny, a physician of much promise, died at the beginning of his career. The other four, Noah W. Matheny, James H. Matheny, Charles W. Matheny and Elijah Cook Matheny, had a large part in the political, professional and business affairs of Springfield and Sangamon County for nearly half a century, during the period of most active development.

MATHENY, Noah W., eldest son of Charles R. Matheny, was born in St. Clair County, Ill., July 31, 1815, and succeeding his father as Clerk of the Sangamon County Court, by successive re-elections remained in office for thirty-four years, retiring in 1873. He was a man of great popularity and executive ability. His methods in the filing and preservation of papers and records have been largely followed to the present day. He acquired great familiarity with the matter of probate law and the settlement of estates, and this, with his sound judgment and strength of character, made him for a generation the arbiter of family disputes, and adviser of the public and often of the Bar, in the matter of probate law and practice.

He accepted many trusts of much importance and executed them with fidelity and success. He was a Director of the First National Bank of Springfield for many years, and soon after his retirement from office in 1873 became its President. From this time during the remainder of his life he devoted his time and efforts closely to the business of the bank and contributed largely to its progress and success.

Like his father, Noah W. Matheny was active in religious and educational affairs. For some years he was an earnest member of the City Board of Education. He was also active in the work of the First Methodist Church, of Springfield, in its old building at Fifth and Monroe

Streets. When the need of a Methodist Church in the north part of the city became felt, he took an active part in the organization of the Second Methodist Church (now the Kumler Methodist Church). He transferred his membership and support to the new and feeble organization and was a regular attendant during the remainder of his life.

He was married to Miss Elizabeth Stamper, daughter of the Rev. Jonathan Stamper, of Decatur. He died at his home in Springfield on the 30th day of April, 1877. His widow, a daughter, and two grandsons still reside at the family home.

In recognition of his services to the First National Bank the Board of Directors have quite recently placed his portrait in the Directors' Room. An upright .and model citizen, he enjoyed the respect of the entire community.

MATHENY, James H., was born at Lebanon, St. Clair County, Ill., in 1818, the year of the admission of the State of Illinois into the Union. When about two years old his father moved to Springfield. He attended the village schools and at the age of fifteen began to assist his father in the work of the Courts. When he was a young man he became an ardent politician of the Whig School and an enthusiastic admirer of Henry Clay. In 1840 he was one of a party of nine young men from Sangamon County who went over-land to Nashville, Tennessee, to hear Clay at a great meeting, in the Harrison-Tyler Presidential Campaign. This pilgrimage attracted much attention. They were received with great honor in some localities and with much opposition in 'others.

For the next thirty years - the Golden Age of political oratory in America - James H. Matheny was an active and effective political speaker in every campaign and an earnest student of public questions. In recognition of this, in 1847 he was elected as a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of 1848 of the State of Illinois.

He was admitted to the Bar when a young man and until he retired in 1873 was active in the Courts of Sangamon and adjoining counties, particularly Menard, Logan and Christian. In a sketch of "The Springfield Bar in the 'Seventies," published a few years ago, there. occurs the following description of him:

"James H. Matheny was among the most interesting figures in the Courts at this time. He had come out of the army in 1864 and from that time till elected judge of the County Court in 1873 he appeared in a great number of causes. Like Robinson, his specialty was to address the jury. He left the preparation of the case to his associates and except when circumstances made it absolutely necessary he did not examine witnesses nor argue points of law. In a long trial he would sit patiently, taking no note, but fixing in his memory the very words of every vital point of testimony and the manner and appearance of every im- portant witness. He was short and portly, with a dignified and most expressive face. When fully aroused, as he always was in addressing a jury, his eloquence and magnetic power were remarkable. Out of court he was one of the most genial of men, but a trial seemed to transform him, and his arguments were characterized by the deepest earnestness, and when the case called for it, by bitter and most effective denunciation. He was especially strong in homicide cases, and during the last ten years of his practice he appeared in nearly all cases of that class that were tried in Sangamon County."

In 1863 he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred Thirtieth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry and went to the front. He was in active service until after the Siege of Vicksburg, when he was made Judge Advocate, and held military courts until late in 1864. In that year his regiment and another were consolidated and he resigned and returned to Springfield.

In 1878 he was elected County Judge of Sangamon County by a majority then unprecedented and until his death in 1890 he held the office by successive re-elections, generally without opposition from either party.

He was married to Maria L. Lee, daughter of Samuel Lee, of Carrollton, Ill. Mr. Lee was a relative of the Lee family of Virginia and is said to have had the first collection of law books in Illinois worthy of the name of library.

On taking the office of County Judge in 1873 Col. Matheny retired from the practice of law and from political life. 'This was a sacrifice of his abilities as an advocate, but it gave opportunity for wider development in other lines. His popularity was unbounded. His position as Judge of the Court of Probate Jurisdiction made him the sympathetic adviser of great numbers in recent affliction.

The position gave leisure for active participation in the work of all the more prominent fraternal orders. He was a recognized leader in the Grand Army of the Republic and made many addresses at its reunions, both in Illinois and other States.

From 1859 until his death he was active in the organization known as Early Settlers of Sangamon County. He was the orator at its first meeting in 1859 and his address on that occasion isa classic. For many years before his death he was President of the association. In those gatherings and others of every kind he was a constant.speaker. He was at once forceful, eloquent and magnetic.

He died September 7, 1890, after an illness of two days, when apparently in the height of his powers. His funeral is said to have been the largest held in Springfield up to that time, excepting only that of President Lincoln.

Of his children Edward Dow Matheny died in March, 1902. His son, Dr. R. C. Matheny, resides at Galesburg, Ill, and his other sons, Lee Matheny, James H. Matheny and Robert Matheny, and his two daughters, reside in Springfield. His widow died on the 3rd day of December, 1909.

MATHENY, Charles W., was born in St. Clair County, Ill., on September 27, 1820. He was educated in the village schools of Springfield and at an early age entered mercantile life as Clerk in the store of B. C. Webster and Company. His rise was rapid, and after being a member of several partnerships, in 1861 he established the firm of C. W. Matheny & Company, dealers in dry goods and general merchandise, purchasing and occupying the well known Matheny Building, at the southwest corner of Sixth and Adams Streets, Springfield. His partners in this venture were his brothers-in-law, B. C. McQuesten and John Bressmer.

The conditions of business differed widely from those existing at the present time. The stores were smaller amd much inferior in appearance, but the volume of trade was very large and profits were large. Springfield. was then small and not particularly pleasing in appearance, but it drew its retail trade from a wide range of rapidly developing country. The early settlers required long credits, generally closing accounts at the end of the year. The goods were bought in the Hast, largely upon semi-annual journeys made by the local merchants for that purpose. Capital was scarce and banking accommodations were very limited. Accordingly, the merchant of the 'fifties and sixties was of necessity a man of character and foresight. In 1866 the firm was dissolved, Mr. McQuesten removing to Kansas, Mr. Matheny retiring from mercantile Jines, and Mr. Bressmer continued the business.

Mr. Matheny then engaged successfully in the buying and selling of lands and in large contract work, chiefly in railway construction. With various associates he built large parts of several of the more important railroads in central and eastern Illinois.

He was a keen judge of men and this is illustrated in the choice of his associates. They included Mr. Bressmer, whose career as a merchant has been most distinguished; R. D. Lawence, afterwards President of the State National Bank, of Springfield; and Isaac Keys, founder of the Farmers National Bank, of Springfield, and for many years its Vice President.

Charles W. Matheny was for many years a Director of the First National Bank of Springfield, and upon the death of his brother, Noah W. Matheny, he became President and devoted himself to the banking business, when his health would permit, until his death, which occurred April 16, 1879.

He was married to Margaret Condell, who survived him and died September 25, 1889. His two sons, Charles O. Matheny, of Springfield, IH., and George H. Matheny, of Sarasota, Fla., are stil] living.

Mr. Matheny was a man of large business interests and accumulated a handsome fortune for those times. He was a man of liberal and charitable spirit and broad business views. He was prominently identified with the First Methodist Church of Springfield.

MATHENY, Elijah Cook, the son of Charles R. Matheny, was born in Springfield, June 18, 1826, and lived in Springfield practically all his life. At the breaking out of the gold fever in California, in 1849, he crossed the plains by wagon to the Pacific coast and stayed there until 1854. He did not come back to Illinois overland, but sailed from San Francisco for Panama and thence to New York. He stayed in Panama for some eight months near where the Canal is now being constructed.

He was married February 3, 1857, in Springfield, to Alletta L. Van Norstrand, and they had two children, John R. and Louisa I. both of whom are now living in Chicago. Mrs. Matheny died in June, 1864, and the subject of this sketch was married in 1865 to Mrs. Naomi L. Rittenhouse, whose family came from Pennsylvania and whose maiden name was Schroyer. Mrs. Matheny had two children, Charles E., of Springfield, and Louis P. Rittenhouse, of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Matheny had three other children: Mima, who is now the wife of George H. Simpson, of Decatur, Ill.; Ada L. Matheny, who is now the wife of George Whiting, of Chicago, and Phillips G. Matheny, Manager of the Barclay Coal and Mining Company, of Springfield.

Elijah Cook Matheny was Deputy United States Marshal for the Southern District of Illinois for nine years and it is said that during that time he sold two million dollars' worth of confiscated property in Cairo. He died on- the 13th of December, 1905. He was a man of unusual information and at the time of his death there was probably no man more familiar with the early history of the county. He had a remarkable memory and was a man of wide reading, and up to the time of his death kept himself fully informed regarding the public and local matters. He had been a member of Masonic fraternities for many years.

MATHENY, James H., Jr., son of Judge James H. Matheny, was born April 4, 1856, at the family home in Springfield, 11]. He was admitted to Bar in 1877, and has continuously practiced his profession. From 1895 to 1908 he devoted much attention to the affairs of the Illinois State Bar Association, being Secretary and Treasurer from 1895 to 1906, Vice-President for the year 1906- 07 and President for the year 1907-08.

MATHENY, Edward Dow, (deceased). - The profession of law in Springfield has been one the dignity of which has always been rigidly upheld by its members, many of whom have served in official capacities in the city and aided in fashioning laws for the advancement of the State's capital. One who was for many years an honor to the profession and was widely known as lawyer, official and statesman, was the late Edward Dow Matheny, who was born December 4, 1847, in Springfield and there resided until his death, which occurred March 18, 1902.

Mr. Matheny was a son of County Judge James Harvey Matheny, of St. Clair County, and Maria (Lee) Matheny, of Greene County, Ill., and the family has for many years been known as one of the most prominent and highly honored in the city.

Mr. Matheny's education was begun in the public and high schools of Springfield, and he began studying law with McGuire & Matheny, his father's firm. For a short period he was engaged in school teaching in Springfield and Sangamon County, and became well and favorably known as an educator. On being admitted to the Bar, Mr. Matheny started on the practice of his profession and, his ability becoming recognized, he was soon appointed Deputy County Clerk, and later Circuit Clerk of Sangamon County. A Democrat in political matters, he always took a prominent part in Democratic affairs. His fraternal connection was with the Woodmen and the Red Men of Springfield, while his religious affiliation was with the First Christian Church.

On January 29, 1880, Mr. Matheny was married to Miss E. Caddie Priest, who was born in Greencastle, Ind., a daughter of William N, and Mary A. Priest, who came from Kentucky to St. Louis, Mo., and thence to Springfield in 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Matheny had no children.

To profound learning Mr. Matheny united a high standard of professional honor of which many are incapable. No client, no matter how powerful he might be, political or otherwise, who came to him with-a case without merit could have his services. He would defend no cause where he did not believe he was on the right side. The same inflexible honesty and independence characterized him in all the relations of life. In all his official capacities he served the community so well as to deserve and receive its thanks, and his place will be hard to fill.

MATTHEW, Luther F. - The Matthew family was one of the earliest to locate in Sangamon County, and its members have always been good citizens, ready to do their share to promote the general welfare and progress of the county. Luther F. Matthew is a native of the county, born September 28, 1866, and is a son of Thomas

Matthew, also a native of Sangamon County, where he has always lived, and now a successful farmer. The father of Thomas Matthew was born in Franklin County, Ohio, and came to Sangamon County as a young man, Thomas Matthew married Adelaide Clayton, also a native of Sangamon County. Her father, a native of Kentucky, came to Sangamon County and located on a farm, where he spent the remainder of his life.

The education of Luther F. Matthew was acquired in the country schools of Sangamon County and he worked on his father's farm until reaching his majority, then began farming on his own account. He rented land three years, then purchased twenty-seven acres, to which he added until he owned seventy-two acres, and carried on operations there until 1909, when he purchased his present fine farm of 215 acres on Section 28, Ball Township. Mr. Matthew is an enterprising and progressive farmer and is successful in a gratifying degree. He stands well in the community, being always ready to support any measure he believes will be of general benefit. He is an intelligent and public-spirited citizen and actively interested in public matters. He is a Democrat in politics and is now serving in the office of School Director,

Mr. Matthew was married,' north of Pawnee, Ill., February 9, 1888, by Reverend D. B. Wiley, to Maggie Hall, who was born in Montgomery County, Ill., December 13, 1868, whose old home was the camping ground of the Pawnee Indians in former times. Mrs. Matthew is a daughter of James and Sarah (Williams) Hall the former born in Knoxville, Tenn., died in Sangamon County, March 31, 1896, and the latter, also a native of Knoxville came to Macoupin County, Ill., when thirteen years of age and now resides in Springfield. James Hall was a farmer by occupation and his father came to Sangamon County from Tennessee with a wagon, in pioneer days. Mr. Matthew and his wife have three children: Luther S., born August 2, 1890; Charles Everett, September 2, 1893, and Thomas, February 19, 1902, all born in Sangamon County. Mr. Matthew is a member of the Baptist church, but his wife is not a member of any religious denomination. He belongs to Glenarm Camp, No. 808, Modern Woodmen, and to Lodge No. 523, A. F. & A. M., at Chatham. He has the esteem of his neighbors and is popular with his many friends. He has an excellent farm and is proud of his success and of his pleasant home and fine family, as he has every reason to be.

MAXCY, James R. - The same spirit that prompted the hardy dwellers of eastern States to brave the hardships of the unknown, and penetrate into the Indian-infested region of what later became the State of Kentucky, burned in those of a later date, pushing them westward to found new homes in Illinois. Those who selected the latter region made no mistake, for its development has been phenomenal, Associated with its onward progress are certain pames; some of these are blazoned upon the pages of history, while others are simply recorded in the annals of everyday life, but the owners of all bore their part in the great work. James R. Maxcy is a native of Springfield, but Kentucky blood flows in his veins. He was born December 29, 1838, a son of John C. and Vanatta (Lloyd) Maxcy, natives of Bowling Green, Ky., where he was born in 1812 and his wife in 1810. A short time prior to the birth of James R. Maxcy, the parents came to Springfield, where the remainder of their lives was spent, the father engaging in a general business. The ancestors of the Maxcy family had located in Kentucky in pioneer days. They were prominent there, as John C. Maxcy became in Springfield, holding all of the local offices of any importance and becoming one of its representative citizens.

James R. Maxcy spent his boyhood in Springfield, being fond of all outdoor sports, and attended the city schools. His first business experience was gained as a clerk in his father's store, where he remained from 1856 to 1860. With the exception of four years, during which he was working in the Chicago Post Office, Mr. Maxcy's life has been spent in Springfield. It was during his residence in Chicago that the great fire of 1871 occurred, and he recalls many thrilling experiences of it. After returning to Springfield he became an auctioneer, and is still thus engaged, being one of the most popular in Sangamon County.

While residing in Chicago, on May 23, 1865, occurred the marriage of Mr. Maxcy and Harriet A. Dickson, born in Jacksonville, Ill., in 1853. Her father was United States Marshal of the Southern District of Illinois, and a prominent man of his day. Mr. and Mrs. Maxcy became the parents of the following children: Matilda B., S. C., Mary D., Margaret L. and Fernetta. In politics Mr. Maxcy is a Democrat, and he has held several local offices. While not active in public life, he has always been interested in securing good schools and a liberal government, and has exerted himself to secure both. For years he has been a loyal and liberal member of the Christian Church, where he is appreciated. Mr. Maxcy is one of the oldest business men of Springfield, and some of his associations date back many years. Genial in disposition, he is a favorite socially, and has many friends throughout his part of the State.

MAY, Ethan Palmer, (deceased). - One of the men who have been closely associated with the growth and development of Sangamon County, and one who could always be depended upon to do his full duty in every position in which he found himself, was Ethan Palmer May, now deceased. He was born near Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1829. After attending the public schools of his neighborhood, Mr. May worked with his parents on their farm, and was taught those homely virtues which ever marked all his later actions. In 1848 Mr. May came to Illinois, and at first operated a large amount of land, from that going into the lumber business, which he carried on yery profitably for a number of years.

In April, 1850, Mr. May was united in marriage with Elizabeth J. Elder, born on a farm near Lexington, Ky. She was a daughter of Samuel and Phoebe (Clinkenbeard) Elder, farming people. Mr. and Mrs. May had the following children: Mary E., Sarah E., Fannie A., and Martha A., deceased; Charles W.; Harriet J., deceased; Laura E.; George W., deceased; Flora and James, deceased: Samuel L., Augusta and Frederick Tracy.

In politics Mr. May was a Democrat, and he held the office of School Director for many years. He was a Mason, but was not connected with any religious organization. The death of this most excellent man occurred in Rochester, Ill., June 27, 1896, when he was sixty-seven years and fifteen days old. His widow survived him until July 18, 1903, when she, too, passed away at Rochester, at the age of seventy-one years. Both are interred in the cemetery at Rochester. Mrs. May was a lady of lovely, true Christian character, who made a most excellent wife and mother, and who is sincerely mourned by her family. Mr. May was very highly esteemed among his neighbors and friends, and he was one in whom implicit trust could always be placed. His business honor was never questioned, and he always stood for what was best and truest in his community.

MAY, William (deceased), for many years a resident of Springfield, was born near Hast St. Louis, Ill., May 15, 1842, son of George and Mary (Turner) May, natives of Ohio. The father was a farmer in Ohio and served three years in the Civil War. He located in Illinois and there carried on farming until his death. William May spent his boyhood on his father's farm, attending the public schools and helping with the farm work. He chose work on the railroad as an occupation after reaching manhood, and first entered the employ of the Iron Mountain Railroad Company, for whom he þecame a foreman, and remained in their employ many years. Later he began working for the Chicago & Alton Company and became a bridge worker, also being promoted to the position of foreman for this company. He could be trusted to perform well any work assigned to him and won the confidence of his employers and associates.

Mr. May. was married. at Pittsfield, Pike County, Ill., August 24, 1881, to Miss Mary E. Bowen, who was born in Pike County, October 11, 1855, daughter of Billingsley and Sarah (Brocket) Bowen, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Winchester, Ill. Mr. Bowen emigrated to Illinois from Ohio as a young man and for many years lived on a farm near Winchester, One son was born to Mr. May and his wife, Leslie E., born May~11, 1888, is un- married and lives at home with his mother, at 921 East Mason Street, Springfield. He is a car inspector in the employ of the Wabash Road. Mrs. May owns the comfortable home where she lives.

William May was a member of the Methodist Church, of Springfield and in politics was a Republican. He was fond of his home and family and took little part in public affairs. His loss was genuinely mourned by his family and many friends, and in his death Springfield lost a useful citizen.

MAYER, Jacob (deceased), who for many years carried on farming in Sangamon County, was well known as a public-spirited German-American citizen, industrious and enterprising in business, and ready to do his share to promote the general welfare and prosperity. He was a devout Catholic and endeavored in his daily life to adhere closely to the principles of his' religion. He was born in Germany, July 17, 1830, his parents being natives of that country, where they spent their entire lives. The father was a cooper by trade.

Mr. Mayer was educated in Germany and lived there until coming to America in 1871. He located first at Decatur, Ill., and several years later came to Illiopolis, where he was employed by the Wabash Railroad Company for thirteen years. He gaye up raidroad work in later life and came to the farm on Section 24, Illiopolis Township, south of the village, where he spent the remainder of his life. He purchased this farm and operated it successfully the remainder of his active life, and his family still make it their home. Both he and his wife were members of the Catholic Church and in politics he was a Democrat.

Mr. Mayer's marriage occurred in Decatur, Ill., in June, 1878, when he was united with Mary (Matthews) Gilmore, who was born in Chatham, Sangamon County, daughter of William and Christina Matthews, the father a native of England and the mother of Ohio. Mr. Matthews was a millwright by occupation and was a very early settler of Chatham, where he erected a mill and conducted it for several years, until he retired and moved to Illiopolis, where both he and his wife. died. Mary Matthews was married (first) to James Gilmore, in 1865. He was born in Ireland and came to the United States as a young man, locating near Springfield. He was a farmer by occupation and carried on farming in Sangamon County until his death, which occurred at Illiopolis, then his home, He served in the Civil War, enlisting from Springfield in the Eighth Tlinois Volunteer Infantry and serving to the end of the war. He was wounded at the Battle of Memphis. To Mr. and Mrs. Gilmore eight children were born and five are now surviving, namely: Elizabeth, wife of John Mead, of Mattoon, Ill.; George, of Lanesville;

Mary, of Warrensburg, Ill.; Anna, wife of Patrick Norris, of Kansas; Maggie, wife of Joseph Myers, of North Dakota. Three grandchildren have been born in this family. To Jacob Mayer and wife three children were born: Joseph, of Lincoln, Ill.; John, a resident of Illiopolis; Charles, living near Mt. Auburn. To this marriage there are four grandchildren. The death of Mr. Mayer occurred in 1907 and Mrs. Mayer owns the home farm.

McCALISTER, James, a veteran of, the Civil War, now living retired from active life and residing in Mechanicsburg, Ill., was born in Ross County, Ohio, August 1, 1841, a son of Gordon and Mary (Snodgrass) McCalister, the former a native of Ireland. The father came to Ohio as a young man and located on a farm in Ross County, where he lived until 1844, then went to California on a prospecting tour. He was successful in his quest for gold, but two years later was killed by robbers for his gold and money, and was buried in California. His wife died in Ohio in 1846. They were parents of two sons and two daughters, of whom the only survivor is James.

As a boy James McCalister attended school in Huntington Township, Ross County, then worked on a farm until learning the cooper's trade. In 1861 he enlisted in Company OC, Eighty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under command of Capt. R. N. Adams, of Waverly, Ohio, Col. Thomas Morton and Gen. Sherman, being with the latter on the famous March to the Sea. He served four years, taking part in fifteen battles, among which were those of Shiloh, Corinth, Bear Creek, and Atlanta, and being flag-bearer part of the time. He was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in July, 1865, having performed efficient service and made an excellent record as a soldier. He is affiliated gin Stephenson Post No. 30 G. A. R., of Springeld.

At the close of the war Mr. McCalister spent two years at his trade in Ross County and later worked at farming until his removal to Illinois in 1875. He located at Mechanicsburg and carried on farming in that locality until a few years ago, when he retired from active life. He was an industrious farmer and successful in his operations. He now owns a comfortable home at Mechanicsburg and other property in the vicinity. He is a member of the Christian Church, as is his wife, and both are ready to help any worthy object. Mr. McCalister served one year as Road Commissioner while living in Ohio, but has never taken a very active part in public affairs in Sangamon County, although interested in the general welfare and the duties of good citizenship. i

Mr. McCalister was married in Ross County, February 21, 1864, to Mary E. Ross, a native of that county, born July 1, 1846, daughter of Duncan Ross, a native of the same State. Mr. Ross carried on farming there until 1875, when he brought his family to Mechanicsburg Town- ship, Sangamon County, and there carried on farming the remainder of his life. He served during the Civil War as private in the Sixtythird Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He and his wife had seven children, of whom the following five now survive: Mrs. McCalister; Isaac, of Chicago; Jasper, of Redbank, Cal.; David and Newton, of Mechanicsburg.

Ten children were born to Mr. McCalister and wife, of whom eight are now living: Lillian, wife of James M. Cook, of Sherman, Ill.; Sherwood, living with his parents; Lydia married Benjamin Crimm and they reside near Roby, Ill.; Major A., of Springfield; Ida M. married Allen Humphrey and they live at Mechanicsburg; George, of Missouri; Sophia, wife of Michael Fennells, of Mechanicsburg; Nellie,

McCALISTER, Scott. - Some men, through a pleasing personality, strict integrity and industrious habits, are able to forge to the front, in spite of early disadvantages, and at the same time make and retain friends. This is true in the case of Scott McCalister, of Springfield, one of the most popular men of the city. He was born in Ross County, Ohio, September 20, 1870, a son of James and Mary Ellen (Ross) MecCalister, natives of Ohio and Sangamon County, Ill., respectively. The father has now retired from agricultural life, and is living with his wife at Mechanicsburg, Ill. He is a Republican, whose duty as a citizen has been confined to private life. His religious affiliations are with the Baptist Church, of which he is a consistent member.

Scott McCalister went to the district school near Mechanicsburg, leaving when sixteen years years old to farm for five years. Following this he was a miner in the Springfield coal mines, until January 13, 1910, when he embarked in his present enterprise, which he has already put into an excellent condition.. This business is not his only investment, for he owns considerable city realty, and has great faith that it will rapidly increase in value. He is a Republican and liberal in his religious views.

On May 20, 1896, Mr. McCalister was united in marriage with Minnie Ross, born in Sangamon County, Ill., daughter of Isaac and Minnie (Stogdall) Ross, the former of whom lives in Chicago, but the mother died in 1890. Mrs. McCalister was one of a family of two sons and one daughter, all of whom survive. Mr. and Mrs. McCalister have two children, Mabel and James, both of whom are attending school, and are bright young people.

McCART, Thomas. - Agricultural conditions in Sangamon County have changed to such an extent during the past several decades that the enterprising farmer has been compelled to change to a large degree his methods of treating the soil. Discoveries have been made, powerful machinery has been invented and innovations introduced, and he who would reap the most beneficial results from his property must be conversant with the change of the times. Among the representative agriculturists of Sangamon County is Thomas McCart, now living retired in his handsome residence in Pawnee, Ill., who for many years carried on farming, and now owns an excellent tract of 300 acres, which is operated by his son. Mr; McCart is a native of the Emerald Isle, born April 15, 1835, in County Fermanagh, a son of Patrick and Annie (Kelly) McCart, natives of the same county, where they spent their lives and died, as did also their parents before them. There were ten children in

Bridget, of whom Michael, Elizabeth, Patrick, Thomas and Bridget came to the United States (Thomas being the only survivor), while Mary, Anna, and Catherine live in the old country.

Thomas McCart's education was secured in Ireland, and he remained at home until twentyfive years of age, working on the home farm and finding his recreation in hunting and out-of-door sports, of which he was and always has been exceedingly fond. He left Ireland in September, 1860, and went to Quebec, but shortly afterward made his way to Boston, Mass., where for two years he was employed in a soap factory. In September, 1862, he came to Illinois, and for one year worked on a farm in Scott County, and from 1864 until 1866 he was similarly engaged in Sangamon County. In 1866 he removed to Christian County, where for one year he rented a farm, then purchased a tract of forty acres, to which he added from year to year, toiling ceaselessly in an earnest endeayer to succeed, and by his perseverance in his labor and his knowledge of agriculture in all its branches, at the time of his retirement, had accumulated an excellent tract of 300 acres, situated on the corners of Sections 14, 22, 23 and 35. On concluding to retire from active labor, Mr. McCart placed the farm in the hands of his son, and since that time has lived in Pawnee, enjoying the fruits of his years of industry.

Mr. McCart has always been a stanch Democrat in political allegiance, and during a long period served as Justice of the Peace in Christian County, a position which he now holds in Pawnee, in addition to being School Director and Road Overseer. He is a consistent member of the Catholic Church, and as a man and a public-spirited citizen has always been held in the highest esteem.

On November 1, 1866, Mr. McCart was united in marriage, at Virden, Ill., with Margaret Cashen, who was born in County Cork, Ireland, daughter of Peter and Margaret (Harrington) Cashen, the former of whom died in Ireland, while the latter came with five children to the United States, landing at New Orleans and removing thence to Jacksonville, Ill., and later to Christian County, where Mrs. Cashen died. Be- side Mrs. McCart the only survivor of this family is Elizabeth, who married Michael Brogan and now lives in Salina, Kans. To Mr. and Mrs. McCart there have been born five children, all of whom are living: James, born February 2, 1868, has been living in the West for several years; Edward Thomas, born April 16, 1871, and now residing in Christian County, was married in October, 1903, at Assumption, Ill., to Mary Davy; John J., born March 14, 1873, and now engaged in farming in Christian County, married Susie Buckles and has three children: Francis R., Mary J. and Margaret D.; Margaret A., born August 29, 1875, now resides with her parents; and Francis, born January 6, 1879, is single and resides in Oklahoma.

McCARTHY, James. - Experience ripens a man and teaches him the necessary lessons of life. It is impossible for the inexperienced business man to sueceed as does the one who has learned how to regulate supply and demand, control trade and meet existing conditions expeditiously and economically. For this reason the people of Springfield are fortunate. in having among their business representatives many who have already passed through their preliminary experiences and are prepared to meet all requirements. One of the veterans in the grocery business is James McCarthy, who has been connected with this branch of merchandising for a number of years, his field of operations extending over a part of the State. He was born at Clinton, Ill, July 27, 1867, a son of Patrick and Catherine (Mulville) McCarthy. The father was born in Ireland in 1843 and the mother was a native of the same country. Her death occurred at Pana, Dl., about ten years ago. Coming to Pana, when eighteen years of age, Patrick McCarthy entered the employ of the Illinois Central Railroad Co., and for forty-six years has remained with it, giving a faithful service that has resulted in his appointment as supervisor of a large division. He owns considerable property in Pana and vicinity, and is one of the solid men of his locality.

James McCarthy grew up in Pana, attending grammar and high schools. Leaving school, he first worked in a grocery store, later embarking in the same business for himself. His business grew until at one time he operated four large grocery houses at Pana, as well as others throughout central Illinois. Selling these properties. in 1906, he went to Decatur, where he again engaged in the same line, but three years later sold, and moving to Peoria became manager of the Consolidated Grocery Company there and also managed stores in Galesburg and other cities. About two years ago he severed his other connections to come to Springfield and launch his present enterprise, which is in a flourishing condition, owing to his thorough comprehension of the business.

retired from active pursuits. Two children have been, born to Mr. and Mrs. McCarthy, Armand, in the employ of the Great Eastern Supply Company, and Bernice, in the employ of the Herndon dry-goods store. A consistent Catholic, Mr. McCarthy is interested in church and society work, beolnging to the Galesburg Council, Knights of Columbus, and the Modern Woodmen, Camp No. 244, of Pana. He is a Republican but has been too much occupied with his own affairs to engage in public matters. Shrewd, keen, a good manager and a thorough business man, Mr. McCarthy is numbered among the successful men of Springfield.

McCARTHY, John C. - Fully eighty per cent of the immigrants to Illinois of a quarter century or more ago, looked towards agriculture as a means of solving the problem of getting a start in their new homes. Many had already learned to farm, and others felt sure that the soil of the great prairie state would yield abundant harvest in return for their trouble and hard work. They were not mistaken, for some of the most substantial fortunes have been won from the ground, and when farming did not pay, kindred lines did. One of the retired farmers of Springfield who proved to his own satisfaction what Sangamon County could do for those who had faith in its future, is John C. McCarthy, one of the substantial men of his locality. He was born in Ireland, November 29, 1833, a son of Charles and Ellen (Deneen) McCarthy, natives of Ireland, and farming people who lived and died in their native land.

After receiving an education in the public schools of his native parish, and being taught to farm on his father's place, John ©. McCarthy came to the United States, landing in New York, whence he went to Pittsburg, but in short order he left to come west to Springfield. For the first few years he was in Sangamon County he worked for farmers, then, having saved some money, he bought land and added to it until he was one of the wealthy landowners of his region. He finally retired to Springfield, where he bought a nice home on West Washington Street. He also owns other desirable residence and business property in the city.

On February 23, 1876, occurred the marriage, in Springfield, of Mr. McCarthy and Johanna Sullivan, born in Ireland. Her parents were natives of County Cork who never came to this country. Mrs. McCarthy passed away September 13, 1907, a most worthy, good woman, and devoted to her home and family. Three children were born to her and her husband: John J., bookkeeper for the Klaholt Shoe Company, married Lucy Trotter, four children; Nellie

A. and Catherine, both living at home. Mr. Mc- Carthy is a member of St. Agnes Catholic Church, in which he stands high. He has always been a Democrat. and supports the candidates of his party loyally. Although he has attained an advanced age, he is enjoying good

The Black Hawk War (1832) found young McClernand occupied in the study and practice of law in Shawneetown, Ill., but with the instinets of a born soldier, and with a patriotism that burned fiercely until the hour of his death, he yolunteered for this Indian war, which meant so much to the safety of the pioneers and to the progress of Illinois.. This service brought him a well-earned reputation for energy, fearlessness and skill, and cultivated a natural aggressiveness, which later became so strikingly prominent in his career in the Civil War.

Appointed a Brigadier General, while serving as a Representative in Congress, he took the field for the Union at Cairo, Ill., in September, 1861, and under Grant bore the principal subordinate part at the battle of Belmont in the following November. Here his coolness under fire, the resourcefulness of his active and aggressive mind in combating and overcoming seemingly insurmountable obstacles, and his marked ability to inspire the enthusiasm of vistory where others saw only defeat, gained for him the loyalty and confidence of his soldiers that he ever afterwards maintained, and which served him and his cause such signal service on many a hard-fought field to follow.

Advanced to the command of a division, Mc- Clernand led in the attacks upon Forts Henry and Donelson in February, 1862, and beyond question largely contributed to those decisive victories. His skill in posting his troops on February 13 and 14 in front of the enemy's intrenchments at Donelson, and the desperateness with which he fought his command on the 15th prevented the Confederates, who had massed practically their entire force against the Union right, commanded by McClernand, from cutting their way out and escaping. During the sanguinary conflict that occurred at this time an unfortunate combination of circumstances came near depriving the Army and Naval Commanders, Grant and Foote, of the full fruits of their well-planned campaign.

His army being in position, Grant left the fieid to consult with Foote on the latter's gun boat. Not foreseeing that the enemy would attempt to force his way out, he gave orders to part of the line, at least, and certainly to Smith, who commanded his left division, not to bring on an engagement without further orders. Doubtless he contemplated arranging with Foote for a combined and simultaneous attack by land and river, and assuming that the enemy had remained on the defensive, the measures adopted would seem to have been wise, but the enemy did not remain on the defensive; on the contrary he hurled nearly his entire force on McClernand's Division ; hence its desperate fighting, while other parts of the Union line, with minor exceptions, stood looking on. As events developed, the order referred to was unfortunate, costly, and nearly enabled the Confederates to escape. On General Grant's return he ordered Smith to assault. This, of course, relieved the pressure on Mc- Clernand and, indeed, nailed victory to the Northern standards. If this battle had been fought later in the war, probably neither Smith nor Wallace, commanding left and center, able and gallant soldiers, would have hesitated to set aside orders given to cover conditions that no longer existed, and at once moved to the assault when the roar of the battle on their right reached them.