Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 13 of 35)

William Watkins is the genial vice-president and secretary of the Helmholz Mitten Company of Milwaukee. He was born in the Cream City in 1884, a son of George H. and Jessie E. Watkins. The father was a native of Pennsylvania who came to Milwaukee at an early date and engaged in brick making, an occupation which he followed until his death on Feb. 9, 1908. The mother, although well advanced in years, is still living and retains to a remarkable degree her mental faculties. William Watkins received his educational edvantages in the common schools of Milwaukee. Upon the completion of his scholastic labors he entered the service of the Milwaukee Harvester Company, and resigned that position to accept a more lucrative one with the Marine National Bank. His connection with the Helmholz Mitten Company dates from 1905, when he was elected to his present position as vicepresident and secretary. His friends predict for him a brilliant future in commercial life.

Arthur J. Baum, secretary and treasurer of the Siekert & Baum Stationery Company, one of the foremost firms in that line of business in the city, was born in Oshkosh, Wis., on Jan. 25, 1874, a son of Joseph and Amelia (Scheel) Baum. 1 loth parents were born in Germany and the father died in Milwaukee in 1896. His widow is still living', and is today one of the most highly esteemed residents of the Cream City. Arthur J. Baum, the subject of this review, attended the Oshkosh schools and finished his high school course in a Milwaukee institution. Upon leaving school he entered the employ of the H. H. West Company, stationer}- and book dealers, and was with that company for a period of seventeen years. When he severed his connection with the West Company it was to embark in the same line of business in partnership with Ferdinand Siekert under the firm name of The Siekert & Baum Stationery Company. Mr. Baum's long experience in the industry and his inherent qualities of industry and thrift made the venture a success from the start and today it is one of the most enterprising concerns of the kind in the city. Fraternally Mr. Baum is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees, and of Kilbourn Lodge and Chapter of the Masonic order. He is also identified with the Camp of Spanish War Veterans.

Henry Hamm, the popular secretary and treasurer of the Hamm Brothers Produce Company, was born in Germany, on May 14, 1856, and is a son of Philip J. and Catherine Hamm. Both parents were born in the Fatherland and came direct to Milwaukee in 1871. They made this city their home for a number of years, but subsequently removed to Washington county, Wis., where they both passed away. Henry Hamm's primary education was received in the public schools of Germany and after coming to this country he took studies to enable him to become thoroughly conversant with the English language and American customs. While stilll a youth he removed to Washington county with his parents, and there when he had attained his majority he entered the general mercantile business which he successfully conducted for twenty years. The eight years immediately following he was engaged in the same line of industry at Mannville, Wis., and then came to Milwaukee again. For a time he was engaged in a clerical position with one of the large firms of the city and then in partnership with his brother, Jacob Hamm, he established the produce house of Hamm Brothers. With the exception of a few months when he was engaged in the general mercantile business in California he has been continuously and successfully conducting the business which now takes all his attention. Mr. Hamm's only fraternal relations are with the Modern Woodmen of America. On Nov. 26, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Louise Brissel, a dauughter of Philip J. and Eva (Rudolph) Brissel. Two children have come to bless this union, Selma, born in 1882, and now the wife of H. J. Frost, and Victor, born July 5, 1885.

August C. Kurz, a dealer in leaf tobacco, with offices at 310 Broadway, was born in Milwaukee on May 14, 1864, a son of Christopher and Mary (Jacobus) Kurz. Both parents were born in Germany, and the mother came to the United States with her parents in 1843. The father came in 1848 and established one of the first bakeries in the city, it being for many years located on Third near State street. His last years were spent at Kiel, Wis., where he was engaged in the live stock business. His death occurred in 1884 and his widow died in Milwaukee on Aug. 15, 1906. The father was a private in the German army for three years before coming to this country. August C. Kurz, the subject of this review, received his educational advantages in the Ninth district school in Milwaukee and when he had completed his scholastic training he served an apprenticeship in the cigar makers trade. Then for ten years he was a traveling representative for George J. Schuster, a prominent wholesale tobacco dealer. By the end of that time he had become thoroughly conversant with every stage and department of the tobacco industry and determined to embark in the leaf tobacco business under his own name. His start was made in 1899 and the rapid growth of his patronage has been the marvel of his competitors. His success has been contributed to largely by his popularity and inherent traits of industry and thrift which have surmounted every obstacle. Mr. Kurz was reared in the Lutheran faith. He stands high in fraternal circles, being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a member of the Wisconsin Consistory of the Masonic order, and a member of the National Union. On May 16, 1885, Mr. Kurz was united in marriage to Miss Emma Schroeder, of Manitowoc, who died May 27, 1903. Two daughters were born to the union : Mrs. Lydia Paeschke and Mrs. Edna Campsie. Stephen S. Cramer, the popular and efficient superintendent of the Wadhams Oil Company, was born at Randolph. Cattaraugus county. N. Y., on June 4, i860, a son of John and Catherine Cramer. Mr. Cramer received his educational advantages at the Chamberlain Institute of Randolph, N. Y., and was reared amid the scenes of agricultural life. In 1884 he left his New York home for the west, and settled first in North Dakota. Two years later he came to Milwaukee and entered the" employ of the Wadhams Oil Company. His industry and perseverance won him rapid promotion through the various departments and today he is in direct charge of the factory. The firm's renown for excellent quality and fair treatment is in large measure due to Mr. Cramer's scrupulous attention to details, his capacity for work and his inherent integrity. On May 2, 1888, Mr. Cramer was united in marriage to Miss Frankie Campbell, of Hartford, Wis.

George Eigner, the well-known superintendent of the city pipe yard of the city of Milwaukee, was born in Milwaukee in 1844. a son of John M. and Johanna Eigner. Both parents were born in Bavaria and came to the United States in 1835 and for three years lived in New- York and Detroit. In 1838 the}- came to Milwauukee and here the father followed the tailor's vocation until his death some years ago. Mr. Eigner received his educational advantages in the public schools .of his native city and at the age of seventeen left school to enlist in the Union army. He became a private in the First Wisconsin infantry and with it participated in the battle of Falling Waters, Md.. and was then signed to the quartermaster's department. Most of his time while in that department was spent in Nashville, Tenn. After he had received an honorable discharge from the army he returned to Milwaukee and engaged in the grocery business, which he successfully conducted for a period of ten years. He then was made superintendent of the water department and laid the first pipe ever laid in the city. For thirty-six years now he has rendered faithful, intelligent service to the community as the superintendent of the department and fills a most responsihle position, hi his fraternal and social relations Mr. Figner is identified with the Old Settlers' Club, the Catholic Order of Foresters, the Wolcott Post of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin. Mr. Eigner has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Mary Carten, to whom he was united in 1865, and by whom he was the father of two children, Belle and Catherine. In 1888 occurred his marriage to Miss Theresa McHugh, and they have been the parents of two children, George W. and Irene.

Robert W. Williams, the popular superintendent of the Insurance Building, was horn in Wales on May 14, 1838, a son of William and Jane (Jones) Williams,, who spent their entire lives in their native country. Mr. Williams came to the United States while still a youth after he had spent several years in study in the schools of Wales. For a time after his arrival he attended the schools of this country in an effort to become acquuainted with American institutions and business methods. He served an apprenticeship as a carpenter and when he had mastered the trade he served as a journeyman for many years. When the Insurance Building was erected Mr. Williams was in direct charge of the construction. For the past thirteen years he has been the superintendent of the building, and his intimate knowledge of every part it, combined with scrupulous care in the attention to his work, make him a most valued official. Mr. Williams is prominently identified with Masonic work in the city, being a member of the Wisconsin Consistorv. Lawrence A. Hansen, superintedent of the Siekert & Baum Stationery Company, Milwaukee, is of Norwegian parentage. Early in life he sailed the seas. When he was a boy his parents, Andrew and Margaret Hansen, left their old home in Norwav and came to Milwaukee. This was in 1867. The father was a sailor, and once held the post of quartermaster in the Norwegian navy. The son, the subject of this sketch, was born in Norway, on Sept. 27, 1854. For a time he followed the original occupation of his father and was a sailor. Then he went into the book-binding business, which he has followed ever since. He received his education in Norway and in Milwaukee. A special aptitude for the book-binding trade has generated into an expertness which finally was to be rewarded by his elevation to his present responsible post. Mr. Hansen is a Lutheran in his religious belief. He is unmarried. He resides at 2513 Vine street, Milwaukee.

Herman G. Schutt, residing at 2440 Prairie street, Milwaukee, was horn in Prussia, on May 19, 1854. His parents, Joseph and Teresia ( ECagelmacher) Schutt, conducted a farm in the old country, and upon their removal to America resumed the same occupation. They settled in Illinois. The father passed away in 1893. Before coming to America he served his native country faithfully in her military branch, having been an officer in the Prussian army, filling a post which corresponds with that of captain in the United States army. ( )n his mother's side, the subject of this sketch has distinguished connections. Her father was born in Ireland and her mother in England. The father was a Scotchman. Through her mother's line Mrs. Schutt is a relative of Queen Victoria. Mr. Schutt, our subject, was educated at his early home in Prussia. Until 1875 he helped his father on the farm, an experience which nowadays is regarded as one of the most valuable assets for a successful career in almost any calling. Leaving the farm, he entered the employ of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company and has been in the service of this great railway system ever since. He became an engineer in 1888, a capacity in which he has proved eminently fitted and has demonstrated through many years his trustworthiness and general capability. Mr. Schutt is ever interested in the affairs of politics, believing it to be the duty of every good citizen, but he has not aspired to hold office. He is affiliated with the Republican party. Mr. Schutt's family has espoused the faith of the Episcopal chuch. Mr. Schutt's wife was Miss Elizabeth Smitt, who was married to him on Oct. 3, 1876. She is the daughter of William T. and Elizabeth (Symore) Smith. They have been blessed by a family of four children : Jancheon, born Oct. 23, 1877; Lylian, born March 11, 1882; Harold, born March 28, 1884; and Walter, born Oct. 18, 1887. Mr. Schutt is a member of the Masonic order and of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers.

William S. Griswold, junior member of the law firm of Wildish & Griswold, rooms 5 and 6, German-American Bank Building, Milwaukee, Wis., is one of the recent acquistions to the Milwaukee bar. He was born at Waukesha, Wis., on June 30, 1884, the son of Milton S. and Sarah A. (Weed) Griswold. His father is county judge of Waukesha county and has filled that position since 1894. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the public schools in Waukesha, passing through the grades in regular course and also the high school, in which he graduated in 1901. In the fall of that year he entered the University of Wisconsin where he attained prominence as a debater and orator. He graduated in the College of Letters and Science with the degree of A. B. in 1905. The following two years he spent in the study of law in the office of T. W. Parkinson, of Waukesha,, and in July, 1907, he took the State Bar Examination, in which he received the highest mark. He was admitted to practice in the circuit court at Waukesha in August, 1907, and in October following opened an office, in Milwaukee in partnership with J. E. Wildish. Mr. Griswold is a Republican in politics and a member of the Congregational church in Waukesha. He is an alumnus of his college fraternity, Phi Kappa Sigma; belongs to Walker Council of National Union ; and is a member of Waukesha Lodge F. & A. M., No. 37; Waukesha Chapter, R. A. M., No. 37; and Waukesha Council, R. & S. M., No. 16, of which he is now Thrice Illustrious Master.

John S. Kalczynski, assistant pastor of the church of St. Casimer (Catholic), Milwaukee, was born in that city on Jan. 6, 1881, and is the son of Adam and Catherine (Fas) Kalczynski, both natives^ of Polish Prussia, who came to the United States in 1863. The father, who was born on Dec. 22, 1837, participated in the Civil war as a private in Company I, Fifteenth New York heavy artillery; was enrolled on

July 29, 1863, to serve three years. He was discharged from the service on Aug. 28, 1865, at Davids Island, N. Y., by reason of surgeon's certificate of disability. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. John S. received his early education in the parochial schools of the city, and later, in preparation for his life-work, entered St. Francis Seminary, in 1895. He was ordained on June 20, 1905, and officiated at his first mass on June 25, following, at the church of St. Stanislaus,. Milwaukee, and was appointed assistant of the same church, where he remained for a year and a half. On Jan. 1, 1907, he was appointed to his present position.

Ignatius John Ullrich, pastor of St. Francis' church, on North Fourth street, Milwaukee, and guardian of the Capuchin monastery, is a native of Bavaria, born on Dec. 4, 1847. His parents, Francis and Barbara (Seider) Ullrich, both natives of Bavaria, came to this country in July, 1848, locating in New York, where the former carried on the business of a cigar manufacturer. Both are now deceased, the mother dying in 1884 and the father in 1892. One son, Louis, served in the Civil War, enlisting as a private in a New York infantry regiment. He took part with it in the battles of Bull Run (first and second), Fair Oaks, Antietam, Gettysburg, and many other important engagements, and was never wounded nor in the hospital, but was taken prisoner and was in Libby prison six months. After being released he reenlisted and was promoted to the rank of captain. After the close of the war he was in the employ of the United States secret service in Maine. He died in 1905. Rev. I. J. Ullrich was educated at St. Vincent, Pa., four years, and in 1870 came to Wisconsin and entered St. Lawrence College, at Mount Calvary, where he studied, entering the Capuchin Order on Dec. 25, 1870. He was ordained on Sept. 21, 1877, and read his first mass on Sept. 23, 1887, at Notre Dame convent, Milwaukee. He served as a missionary for a time, and then taught in the order for four years, later being appointed guardian of the monastery at Detroit, Mich., where he remained from 1884 until i888<. He was then transferred to the monastery at Milwaukee, from there to Appleton, in 1900 to Mount Calvary, and in 1903 returned to Milwaukee, where he has since been guardian of the monastery and pastor of the parish. The parish was organized in 1870,, and includes 700 families ; the school, housed in two large buildings, accommodates 725 pupils, who are under the charge of thirteen teachers. The church is a large brick building with a seating capacity of 800. The Order of Capuchins, to which Rev. I. J. Ullrich belongs, is devoted largely to missionary work and to the assistance of the clergy, as occasion demands. There are eight brothers now stationed in the monastery at Milwaukee. Rev. I. J. Ullrich is a member of the Eucharistic League of Priests.

Theodore Rohner, assistant pastor of the Catholic church of St. Joseph, is a native of Wolfurt, Austria, born Jan. 19, 1877. His parents, Gebhard and Leupoldina (Geiger) Rohner, were natives of the same place. Both parents are deceased, passing away in their native land, the mother in 1880, and the father in 1892. Theodore was educated in the parochial school - which in Austria is the national school - and attended the College of Mariasche in Bohemia. In 181)7 he came to the United States and continued his studies at Mount Calvary, Wis., for two years, then entered St. Francis Seminary for his theological training. On June 21, 1903, he was ordaineed to the priesthood by Bishop Schwebach, of La Crosse, and read his first mass at St. Nicholas church, in Chicago, on June 29, 1903, coining immediately after to the position in the parish of St. Joseph which he now holds. He is a member of the Catholic Order of Foresters.

Charles Zila. pastor of St. Venceslaus church, Milwaukee, was born at Strakonitz, Bohemia, Austria, July 30, 1875. His parents, Mathias and Mary (Smaz) Zila, natives of the same place, are now living in Austria. Another son, Thomas, is a priest and the pastor of a church in Sommerein,. near Vienna. Charles was educated in the state schools, and the gymnasium - which in Germany and Austria correspond to the classical schools where students are prepared for the university - and then went to Rome, Italy, where he studied theology and philosophy with the Jesuit fathers in the "Universitas Cyagoriana." On June 4, 1898, he was ordained to the priesthood by the vicar-general of Rome, Cardinal M. Lucido Maria Parocchi. His first mass was held at Strakonitz, Austria, his birth-place, and he immediately came to the United States, being appointed to the Church of St. John, at Racine, Wis., where he ministered to the congregation for four years. In 1902 he was assigned to his present position in the metropolis of Wisconsin. The parish was organized in 1883 DY Father Leo Luchy, and now numbers 250 families, all Bohemians. It has two large brick buildings, a church and schoolhouse combined, and a parish house, on the corner of Scott andd Nineteenth avenues, on the South side. The pupils in the school number 156 and three teachers - Sisters of the convent of St. Francis - are employed. The pastor belongs to the Bohemian Central Union of Wisconsin, a large and influential organization among the people of that nationality.

Francis E. Murphy, assistant pastor of St. John's Catholic church, Milwaukee, is'a native of Wisconsin, having been born in Racine, on April 23, 1881. His parents are Michael and Jane (McDonough), the former born in Canada and the latter in Oak Creek, Wis. Francis E. was educated in the parochial and public schools of Racine, and was graduated in the high school of that city, subsequently entering the Seminary of St. Francis, and was ordained by Archbishop Messmer, on June 18, 1905, reading his first mass on June 25, 1905, at St. Patrick's church, Racine. Archbishop Messmer then sent him abroad to take a post-graduate course at Innsbruck, Austria. While there he devoted his attention to the study of moral theology and sociology, remaining two years. Upon his return he was first sent to St. Patrick's church at Ripon, Wis., but remained there only three months, being then assigned to his present position, which he has occupied since September, 1907. He is a young man of more than usual intellectual ability, and gives promise of great usefulness in his chosen work. He belongs to the fraternal order Knights of Columbus.

Lester C. Manson, special assistant city attorney of Milwaukee, was born at Beaver Dam, Wis., Dec. 11, 1879, and is the son of Alexander G. and Lina (Germaine) Manson, the former a native of

Biographical ,V'5

Lewiston, Niagara county, N. Y., and the latter of Juneau county, Wis. His father, a carpenter by trade, came to Wisconsin in 1843. Lester C. was reared in Beaver Dam and attended school until he was thirteen years of age, and then began earning his living by driving delivery wagons, first for a laundry and afterward for a grocery store. Later he was employed in the Malleable Iron Works at Beaver Dam. first as a core-maker and later as a moulder. During this time he learned stenography and then decided to return to school, leaving to go into a law office as clerk, and also resuming his studies in the high school, studying and at the same time supporting himself by doing short-hand work. The breaking out of the Spanish-American war interfered for a time with his plans, as he enlisted as a private in Company K, Second Wisconsin infantry. He was attached to the staff of Major-General Brooke, commander of the First army corps, and participated in a number of skirmishes on the island of Porto Rico, among them being the actions at Arroyo Guayama and at Cayay. He was mustered out with the Second regiment in the winter of 1898, and returned to school, being graduated at the high school of Beaver Dam in 1899. From the high school he went to the University of Wisconsin, entering the college of law, and remained from October, 1899, until March, 1900, when he left there and entered the Columbian University at Washington, D. C, in which he was graduated in 1903 with the degree of LL. B. While studying law he was employed by the United States government in the census office and as auditing clerk, and after graduation was also in the government employ, traveling for the Department of Commerce and Labor, as special agent, on the investigation of public finance. Returning to his native state in April, 1905, he located in Milwaukee and began the practice of his profession, as a member of the firm of Manson & Osgood, and later became a member of the firm of Kelly & Manson. In April of the following year he was appointed to his present position as special assistant city attorney, and still occupies that office. Mr. Manson's church affiliations are with the Episcopalians, and his social life is connected with several city clubs, among them the Deutscher and Calumet. Among the secret and fraternal organizations, he belongs to the orders of Masons and Elks ; his military experiences are recalled through his membership in the Society of Spanish-American War Veterans, and his professional connections are maintained through the Milwaukee Bar Association, of which he is treasurer. Mr. Mar.son is among the most active and promising of the younger attorneys, and with his determination, energy and ability, has before him the prospect of a brilliant success in his chosen line. The perseverance that enabled him, in the face of many obstacles,, to acquire his general and professional education, the courage and patriotism that made him lay aside his personal ambitions to take up the duties of a private in the field, and the business efficiency which has already obtained recognition for him, indicate for him a future of exceptional advantages and opportunities.

(Mueller) Strasen. The former was born in Mecklenburg, near Rosrock, Germany, in August, 1827, and is a clergyman of the Lutheran church. Coming to this country in 1845, when he was about eighteen years of age, he located in Fort Wayne, Ind., and two years later was ordained as a Lutheran minister. In 1859 he came to the church at Watertown as pastor, and remained there for forty-two years, retiring from active work some six years ago and going to Milwaukee to make his home with his son, Rev. John C. Strasen. He served as assistantpastor part of the time after going to Milwaukee, but is now in feeble health. For ten years he was president of the Northwest district of the Missouri Synod. His wife, who was a native of Saxony, is deceased. The family consisted of four sons and one daughter. Three of the sons : John C, Charles, and Henry, are clergymen in the Lutheran church, Charles being stationed at Chester, 111., and Henry near Nicollet, Minn. The second brother, Gotthold, is a teacher in a parochial school in Michigan, and the sister resides in Milwaukee with her brother, John C. The last named was born in Collinsville,. 111., Nov. 7, 1853, and was educated in the parochial school at Watertown, Wis., Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind., where he remained two years ; and he then spent four years in Northwestern University at Watertown, Wis., in which he was graduated in 1873 with the degree of A. B. His theological course was taken at Concordia Lutheran College, St. Louis, Mo., from which he was graduated in 1876 and ordained at Omaha, Neb., in August following. He remained there as pastor until May, 1879 and since then has been pastor of the Holy Cross church, Milwaukee. He was president of the Wisconsin district of the Missouri Synod for six years - 1894 to 1900 - and is now vicepresident of the General Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other states. He has done some writing for the publications of the Synod. On Oct. 8, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Doermann, daughter of Rev. J. H. and Mary (Allwardt) Doermann, of Aurora, 111., and to the union ten children have been born. Emma, the oldest, is the wife of Rev. H. Haderberg, of Jacksonville, 111., and has two children, Dora and Gertrude; John C, pastor of the Lutheran church at Middletown, Conn., is married to Gertrude Ourstadt, and has one son, John ; Johanna is a teacher in a parochial school in Middletown, Conn.; Clara is a teacher of music in Milwaukee; Augusta; Mary is private secretary at the Conservatory of Music; and Minnie, Martin, and Elizabeth, all reside with their parents in Milwaukee, the three younger now attending school. Lydia, the sixth daughter and seventh child, is deceased.

Bernard George Traudt, priest of the Catholic church and secretary of Archbishop Messmer, is a native of the metropolis of Wisconsin, and was born on Aug. 29, 1876. His parents are John and Mary Anna (Dienstberger) Traudt, the former a native of Legendernbach, Germany, born Dec. 2, 1827. He sailed from Antwerp on Aug. 3, 1853, landing in New York on Sept. 14, 1853. He first went to Columbus, Ohio, where he remained several months and from there he came to Milwaukee. He was a carpenter and builder by trade, but later entered the mercantile business as a dealer in dry goods, and retired from active business life in the year 1888. His home was formerly on the land now occupied by the Davidson theater, and he with many others believed that the advent of the Milwaukee & Watertown railroad - now a part of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul system - would injure his property, and he disposed of it, but regretted the transaction not long after. He is still living and resides in .Milwaukee. His wife was born in New York, of German and French parentage, her mother belonging to the latter nationality. She came to Milwaukee in the fifties, and is still living. Of the family of twelve children born to them, eight are living, all of the six sons being residents of the city, and all, except Father Traudt, are engaged successfully in business. The two surviving sisters also live in Milwaukee, one of whom is married. Bernard G., of this sketch, acquired his early education in the parochial schools of St. Mary and St. Peter and Paul parishes. He entered St. Francis' Seminary on Sept. 2, 1890, taking the regular course, and was ordained to the priesthood on June 29, 1899, by Archbishop Katzer at St. Francis church, Milwaukee. He said his first mass on July 9, 1899, at St. Peter and Paul's church, Milwaukee, and was then appointed assistant pastor of St. Michael's church in the city, where he was on duty from July, 1899, until July, 1901. At the latter date he was appointed secretary to Archbishop Katzer. Much of the diocesan work falls upon Father Traudt. He is a member of the fraternal order, Knights of Columbus,and of the Catholic Protective Association. An uncle of Father Traudt, Henry Traudt, served in the Civil war, enlisting as a private in a Wisconsin infantry regiment and served until the close of the war.

Gustav Stearns, pastor of the English Lutheran Church of the Ascension, Scott and Reed streets, belonging to what is officially known as the United Lutheran Church of America, was born in New Richland, Minn. His parents are Halvor K. and Bergite (Sevats) Stearns, both natives of Norway. The father came to this country at the age of sixteen years, and the mother at the age of six years, and both were reared in the vicinity of Beloit, Wis. Shortly after they were married they went to Minnesota in the conveyance known to the last generation as the "prairie schooner." The father followed the vocation of a farmer until 1879, when he entered the mercantile business, in which he was engaged until his death in 1905. He was a prominent man in the community where he resided, taking much interest in local politics, assisted in the movement which brought the railroad through the town, held many town offices and contributed in many ways to the development of the country and the advancement of the community. The mother is still living and has a home in Northfield, Minn. Gustav attended the public schools, there acquiring his elementary education, after which he entered St. Olaf College, at Northfield, spending two years in the preparatory department and then taking the full classical course in the college proper and was graduated in 1896 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His theological training was obtained at the United Lutheran Theological Seminary, at St. Anthony Park, Minn., where he spent three years receiving the degree "Candidate of Theology" in 1899. He was president of the class during his senior year, and was one of the three in a class of eighteen who received the highest standing, and the designation ''exceptionally competent" written on his diploma. While a student he spent his vacations as traveling salesman for a wholesale house, thus assisting in paying his way through college. Just before graduation he was called to the church where he is now officiating, and has remained in that pastorate ever since, although he has had flattering calls to other large and prominent churches. He was notified by the war department of the United States that President Roosevelt had designated him as a chaplain in the regular army with the rank of first lieutenant, but he did not accept the appointment because he thought he could accomplish more good in his present field in Milwaukee. He said, however, that he would accept such a position in case of Avar. The congregation has grown rapidly since he took charge of the church, and in the summer of 1907 he started a branch church, of which he is also pastor, and he has at present about 375 communicants. He is able to preach in both English and Norwegian, although his congregation is an exclusively English-speaking people. That he is a working pastor is shown by the fact that his first confirmation class numbered eight and his last, in 1908, was fifty. He writes for the press occasionally, and is the official reporter for the St. Paul and Minneapolis daily papers during the annual convention of the church. He came prominently before the people of Wisconsin in a public debate with the editor of the Social Democratic Herald, the official organ of the Social Democrats. The editor challenged debate upon the question : "Resolved, That Chrstianity has been of no use, and can be of no use to the masses under existing economic conditions." Rev. Mr. Stearns accepted the challenge, taking the negative, and the debate was carried on before an audience of 3,000 people. There were no judges in the debate, but the daily press spoke highly of Mr. Stearns' effort, and he received many personal compliments and was subsequently invited to address a large meeting on Memorial Day in the Exposition building, where the mayor of the city, the superintendent of the public schools, and other prominent citizens also spoke. At the largest banquet of Norsemen ever held in the state, at the Pfister Hotel, at which Governor Davidson was the guest of honor, Rev. Mr. Stearns responded to the toast, "Norse Blood in Wisconsin Veins," and the effort was highly commended. He has served as president of the Young People's Lutheran League of the state for two terms and now holds office in a number of religious organizations. A paternaal uncle, Knud Stearns, served in the Civil war, and although lie was pierced with seven bullets on the battlefield, his health was restored and he received high honors for his bravery.

Waldemar C. Wehe, attorney-at-law, with offices in the Pereles building, is one of the group of young lawyers that is rapidly coming to the front in the metropolis of the state. He was born in the city where he now practices, and is of German ancestry. His paternal grandfather, and old soldier of the Napoleonic wars, came to the United States from Germany in 1838, during a period of religious persecution. lie was a gardener by trade, and followed that calling in Milwaukee. Of his family of eleven children, all lived to be over fifty years of age, and seven are still living, their ages ranging from fifty-five to eighty years. The father of Waldemar C. - August M. Wehe - was born in Milwaukee, March 17, 1845, and *s among the survivors. He married Maria Schwassmann, a native of Germany, born May 9, 1847, and who is also living. During the Civil war the father enlisted as a private in the Forty-eighth Wisconsin infantry, in 1863, but saw no active service, as he was detailed to recruiting duty and was engaged in Milwaukee. He was promoted to the rank of corporal, and was authorized to recruit another company, of which he was to be appointed captain, but before this was accomplished the war closed. He was mustered out with his regiment at the close of hostilities. Waldemar C. Wehe was born on Jan. 4, 1880. He attended the public school at Butternut, Wis., and then the model department of the State Normal School, of Milwaukee. He was graduated at the West Side high school in 1898. Entering as a student of the University of Wisconsin, he was graduated in the College of Letters and Science in 1902, with the degree of B. L. In the fall of 1902 he entered the Columbia Law School of Columbia University, New York city, and in the fall of 1903, he entered the College of Law of the University, graduating in 1905, with the degree of LL. B. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee, at first opening an office by himself, and except for one year, when he was in partnership with Oscar H. Leister in the firm of Leister & Wehe, has maintained his practice by himself. His business is of a general rather than of a special character, and in connection with it he is the special agent of the American Bonding Company of Baltimore. In politics he is a Republican, and in religious matters a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Reformation. He belongs to the Milwaukee County and Wisconsin State Bar associations, and is a member of the Law Fraternity, Phi Alpha Delta. On Oct. 23, 1907, Mr. Wehe married Miss Ruby M. Chapman.

Oscar Hiram Leister, lawyer, of Milwaukee, is the son of Chas. C. and Mary (Hickman) Leister. The former was born on Feb. 14, 1840, in Montgomery county, Pa., and came west with his parents in 1846, settling in the town of Granville, Wis. Mrs. Leister was born in Pennsylvania in 1848, and came to Wisconsin in the fifties. She died on Oct. 29, 1905. On Aug. 14, 1862, Mr. Leister enlisted in Company E, Twenty-fourth Wisconsin volunteers and was engaged in the battles Perryville, Stone's River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Jonesboro, Franklin, Nashville, and many minor engagements. He was engaged for some time in guard duty, the building of fortifications, and in the pursuit of the Confederates after the battle of Nashville. Mr. Leister was wounded in an action at Mud Creek, Ga., June 18, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment on June 10, 1865. He afterward engaged in the dry goods business, later in the grocery business, and finally the wholesale produce commission business, where for fifteen years he was vice-president of R. Stafford Co. He is now employed in the Milwaukee postoffice. Mr. Leister married Miss Hickman on Sept. 9, 1869. Oscar H., born on June 24, 1875, was educated in the public schools of the city, and later entered the Milwaukee Law School, in which, he was graduated in 1903, and was admitted to the bar on examination. After a number of years in the employ of the Milwaukee Harvester Company and the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, he engaged in the practice of law, as a member of the firm of Trost & Leister. This partnership continued for one year, after which a new business connection was formed with Mr. Wehe, the firm name of Leister & Wehe, which was maintained until Aug. 1, 1907, since which time Mr. Leister has been alone. His practice is of a general nature, and his professional associations are with the legal societies of the city and state, being a member of both. On June 25, 1908, the honorary degree of LL. B. was conferred on him by Marquette University. Mr. Leister is also interested in the Wussow Drug Co., wholesale and retail druggists, located on the northwest corner of Sixth street and Grand avenue, in which firm he has a half interest. In politics he is a Republican and is actively interested in the movements of the party, having frequently taken the stump, although not for personal preferment, as he does not care to hold office. His church connections are with the Presbyterian Society, being a member of Immanuel Presbyterian church. Mr. Leister is unmarried.

Hugo J. Trost, attorney, Milwaukee, was born in Mayville, Dodge county, Wis., Aug. 5, 1880. His parents, Franz and Minna (Hagen) Trost, were both natives of Germany and came to this country with their respective parents when they were about eight years of age. The father was born on Aug. 21, 1850, and died in 1907, and the mother, born in 1856, also died in 1907. The former was a moulder by trade, but later, about 1 881, came to Milwaukee and was employed by the Schlitz Brewing Company, retiring from active work in 1906, about a year before his death. Hugo J. was educated in the public schools of the city, became a student in the McDonald Business College, in which he was graduated in 1898, and he was then admitted to the Milwaukee Law School, where he acquired his legal training. He was admitted to the bar by examination, Sept. 3, 1904, and began his practice alone ; and he has so continued, except for one year, when he was a member of the firm of Leister, Trost & Leister. He does a general legal business, following no specialty. In politics he is independent, and has thus far given little attention to political movements ; is a member of the bar associations of the city and the state, and to a number of social organizations, including the Millioki Club, the Greater Milwaukee Gymnasium, the Milwaukee Rowing Club, and the Milwaukee Maennerchoir : and also to the fraternal order. Knights of Pythias. He is vice-president of the Alumni Association of the College of Law of Marquette University. On Dec. 31, 1907, he was united in marriage to Miss Selina Hamm, daughter of Henry and Louise K. Hamm, of Milwaukee.

Scotch-Irish family, the ancestors having emigrated from Scotland in the Tenth century. There have been seven generations of the family born on American soil. Col. John Barr was in the Revolutionary war, and served under General Washington. He was killed in battle by the Indians, about a month after having received his commission. The paternal grandfather, Thomas Barr, was a Presbyterian minister, and from 1810 to 1835 was a home missionary. He had a family of nineteen children and all except two grew to maturity. Of his ten sons six were clergymen, among whom was Edward, the youngest, and the father of Thomas E. of this sketch. The former was born near Wooster, Ohio, Dec. 15, 1827, and died on Feb. 8, 1904. He married Millia Webb - who was born at Bedford, Ind., July 4, 1831, and who is now living at Elkhart, in that state - and was a leading Presbyterian minister of Indiana for forty years, being recalled to four different pastorates. He served a year in the regular army, being stationed at Fort Atkinson. During the Civil war he was very active, although his health did not permit him to enlist for active duty. His preaching on the topics connected with the war made him the subject of hostile demonstrations by -southern sympathizers, and his house was fired upon wdiile he lav ill in bed, and only for the circumstance that the position of his bed had that day been changed, he would have been killed. Rev. T. E. Barr's maternal grandfather, Hadforth Webb, lived to be nearly ninety-eight years of age, and at the age of ninetv-six years he traveled from Indiana to Mexico alone. The Webbs are of English ancestry, but Mrs. Webb was of Welsh origin. Rev. Thomas E. Barr was born in Bedford, Lawrence county, Ind.,, April 21. i860, and was educated first in the public schools, later becoming- a student in Lake Forest Universitv, where he remained five years, graduating in 1885, with the degree of B. A. Entering the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church at Princeton, N. J., he continued his studies for a year, but on account of impaired health was obliged to suspend his preparation for the ministry for a time. On Oct. 8, 1886, he was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry at Snow Shoe, Pa. (Huntington presbytery), where he began preaching. The three succeeding years he was stationed at Beloit, Wis., in 1890 went to Racine, Wis., and in 1892 to Kalamazoo, Mich., where he was for a year pastor of the First Presbyterian church, and from 1893 until 1896 the pastor of the First Congregational church. From that point he went to Elmhurst, 111., where he served one year and then withdrew from the ministry for a time, devoting most of his time to the development of some inventions. In 1900 he came to Milwaukee and organized the People's Pulpit, a non-sectarian church, which appeals to a large class of people and is meeting with large success. The organization holds its services in Pabst's Theater. In politics, Rev. Mr. Barr is an independent Republican. On Sept. 15,. 1886, he was married to Miss Laura B. Balch. daughter of Albert V. and Sarah ( Parmelee) Balch. of Wevauwega, Wris., and to this union four children have been born, namely : Edward Balch, Sarah Katherine, Millia lane, and Henrietta Ruth.

John J. Gregory, attorney, and a member of the firm of Dorr, Gregory & Stiglbauer, of Milwaukee, was born in that city on Dec. i, 1872. His father, George K. Gregory, was a native of Ireland, born in 1818, and died in 1890. He came to the United States in 1845, locating first in Chicago, where he followed the profession of civil engineer and surveyed the western addition to the city. Later he removed to La Crosse, where he was the city engineer, and in the early sixties held a similar position in the city of Milwaukee. He had a commission as quartermaster in the Civil war, but could not go to the front, having been elected to the legislature in the fall of 1861, and he filled the place of representative from Milwaukee the following year. He was also elected county surveyor, and justice of the peace. He married Mary O'Halloran, born in La Crosse in 1842, who is still living. John J. was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee, and studied law in the office of Thomas H. Dorr, being admitted to the bar by examination on Dec. 30, 1895. He began practicing the following year, at first alone and later in company with Mr. Dorr, Mr. Stiglbauer having been added to the firm in 1904. In politics Mr. Gregory is a Democrat and has been a delegate to the city, county and state party conventions for some years, and has for the past six years been a member of the county Democratic committee and secretary of the fire and police commission for nine years. In religion he is a member of the Catholic church, and belongs to a number of fraternal orders, including the Knights of Columbus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Oct. 10, 1906, he was united in marriage to Miss Josephine Whitehead, daughter of Richard D. and Cynthia Whitehead,, of Milwaukee.

Michael C. Brzonkala, attorney, of Milwaukee, was born in Polish Prussia, Sept. 13, 1872. His ancestors on both sides of the family were farmers and large land owners, but lost most of their property in the Polish wars. His parents, Michael and Anna (Kulasck) Brzonkala, were both natives of Poland, but are now both deceased. The former was born in 1835 and died in 1886, and the latter, born the same year as her husband, died in 1898. The father was by trade a saw-filer in his native land, but on coming to Milwaukee, where economic conditions were quite unlike those in his own country, he worked at different kinds of labor. The son, Michael C, was about twelve years of age when he accompanied his parents to America in 1884. He had obtained some education in the parochial schools of his country, but soon after coming to Milwaukee went to work for a dollar and a half a week. He worked in different factories in the city and extensively throughout the United States, and in 1899, deciding to study law, went to the John Marshall Law School in Chicago, where he studied two years, and then attended the St. Paul College of Law at St. Paul, Minn., in which he was graduated in 1903 with the degree of LL. B. Lie began practicing in Arkansas, where he remained two and one-half years, and then removed to Milwaukee, where he has since followed his profession, doing a general legal business. In the spring of 1908 he was elected city attorney of Cudahy, Yis. In religion he is a member of the Catholic church and in politics is allied to the Democratic party. He is winning for himself an honorable place in his profession, and the same energy and perseverance which enabled him to overcome obstacles which would have been prohibitive to most men, will without doubt carry him forward to an enviable professional career. On Feb. 12, 1896, he was united in marriage to Miss Maria M. Zakszewski, daughter of John Zakszewski, of La Crosse, Wis. To this union have been born six children : William Jennings, in Iowa; Ray Irwin, in Wisconsin; John Marshall, in Illinois; Benjamin Franklin, in Minnesota; Elsie Florence Mildred, in Arkansas, and Michael Howard, in Wisconsin.

Peter S. Brzonkala, attorney, of Milwaukee, is the son of Michael and Anna (Kulasek) Brzonkala, mentioned elsewhere in this volume in connection with the sketch of a brother, Michael C. Brzonkala. Peter S. was educated in the parochial schools, and studied for a year in Marquette College. He pursued his legal studies in the Milwaukee law school for two and one-half years, was admitted to practice by examination before the state board on July 3, 1907, and at once opened an office in the city and began the practice of his profession. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church,, and first cousin, on the maternal side, to Rev. Francis R. Czerwinski, assistant pastor of St. Josephat's church. In politics he is aligned with the Democratic party. On June 30, 1896, he married Miss Agnes WGrams, daughter of Francis S. and Mary (Krzycki) Grams, of Milwaukee, and to this union three children have been born, namelv : Alice A., Esther H., and Eupheumia S.

G. Fred Bossert, wdio is one of the prominent men in the tanning business of Milwaukee, is a native of the Cream City, born there on July 26, 1863. His father was Gottlob Bossert, born at Tubingen, Wurtemburg, Germany, and his mother was a native of Baden, Germany. His father immigrated to America in 1852, and after landing on the shores of the United States remained in New York for five years. His mother came to this country in 1854 and came west with her husband in 1857. While in New York Mr. Bossert was employed as a bookkeeper and after establishing his home in Milwaukee became associated with the Pfister & Vogel Leather Company, with which he remained until he retired from active business a few years ago to enjoy a well earned respite from business cares. The subject of this review was educated at the German-English Academy of Milwaukee, and after leaving school learned the tanner's trade in the Pfister & Vogel tannery. After learning the trade he went to Vienna to study the chemistry of tanning and after spending two years in study there visited other parts of Europe for the same purpose. Upon his return to America Mr. Bossert was placed in charge of the Menomonee tanneries by the Pfister & Vogel Company, which position he still holds. He is recognized as one of the leading tanners and chemists of the Cream City and is one of the young business men who stands for progress. Mr. Bossert is affiliated with the Masonic order.

Harry E. Bemis, lawyer, is a native of Two Rivers, Wis., born Sept. 15, 1873. The grandparents on both sides of the family were residents of Wisconsin from a comparatively early day. The paternal grandfather was in the government employ for many years, being inspector of the lighthouses along the western shore of Lake Michigan. The maternal grandfather was a surgeon by profession and came to Milwaukee in 1841, where he -lived for a few years and then moved to Two Rivers, where he practiced his profession for twenty-five years, and until his death. One member of the Bemis family, a cousin of the father of Harry E., of this sketch, was the chairman of the committee on hotels during the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. He was the proprietor of the Hotel Richelieu, Chicago,, at one time the finest hotel in the West. The parents of Harry E. were James E. and Minnie (Oswald) Bemis, the former of whom, a native of Rutland, Vt, died in 1901 ; the latter is a native of Deerfield, Ohio, and was born in 1856. The son was educated in the graded schools and high school of Two Rivers, was graduated from the latter in 1 89 1, and for the five succeeding years was a teacher in Minnesota. In 1898 he came to Milwaukee and began the study of law in the office of W. J. and J. H. Turner, with whom he is still associated. He was admitted to the bar by examination in 1903 and handles the probate work of the office, which has had the settlement of some large estates; he also attends to the collecting department. In politics he is a Republican, and interested in political movements, but is not a seeker after public office. He is a member of the Congregational church, and of the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Bar associations, and also of the Equitable and Fraternal Union. He is unmarried.

Arthur Frederick Belitz, attorney, of Milwaukee, was born at Manitowoc county, Sept. 23, 1872, and is the son of Henry F. and Helen (Schlichting) Belitz, both natives of Germany, the former born in Prussia and the latter in Oldenburg. The mother is still living, but her husband died in 1878. The parents came to the United States in 1852 and were married in Sheboygan. The father, a teacher by profession in Germany, emigrated in consequence of the revolution that was disturbing the country in 1848. He studied law, and was a practicing attorney and a very prominent man in Sheboygan county. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in what was known as "the German regiment," officially as the Ninth Wisconsin infantry, under Colonel Salomon, and was made captain of Company K, otherwise known as the "Tell Sharpshooters." The regiment was recruited from all parts of the state, but quite largely from the lake counties, and left the state on Jan. 22, 1862, reporting at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., where it joined the Twelfth and Thirteenth Wisconsin regiments, for the great Southwest expedition under Gen. "Jim" Lane. It marched 160 miles in March following, to Fort Scott, and although the expedition as first planned was abandoned, yet the regiment saw much hard service and some skirmishing. Captain Belitz was in the expedition under Colonel Weir, when the latter exposed the troops to needless hardships and took them into a position where they were likely to be cut off from their supplies ; and Colonel Salomon, the next in command, by the advice of the other officers, arrested Colonel Weir and assumed cammand of the expedition, taking the troops safely through, reaching Fort Scott in time to protect it from a threatened attack.

At the instigation of Colonel Weir, Colonel Salomon was court-martialed for mutiny, but was fully exonerated and later promoted. The object of the expedition was largely to intimidate the Indians, who had been instigated by the Confederates to take the field against the government, and that purpose was fully accomplished, many of the Indians giving up their arms and others forming four companies of an Indian regiment for the assistance of the Union troops. The regiment was almost constantly on the march and suffered greatly from the heat and want of water. Later it participated in the engagements at Cane Hill and Prairie Grove, the raid to Rhea's Mill, on Van l'.uren. and in the pursuit of Marmaduke. Captain Belitz resigned his commission in the Ninth Wisconsin, and later organized the Forty-fifth volunteer infantry, of which he was commissioned colonel, and participated in the engagements with that regiment in Tennessee, and was mustered (nit at the close of hostilities. Beside Colonel Belitz there were four of his brothers and brothers-in-law in the army during the Civil war. Arthur l\ attended the public schools of Keil and Xew Holstein, and the high school at Chilton, supporting himself by doing chores, and was graduated from the latter in 1888. After teaching for two years he went to .Milwaukee and entered the business college, and afterward worked in the Merchants' Exchange Bank, and for the Milwaukee Harvester Company, as collector, for one year. He then entered a law office, and after spending some time in legal study, applied on Jan. 2, 1895, for a position in the Federal civil service and was appointed to the quartermaster general's office in the war department, remaining^ until 1899. In the meantime the war with Spain broke out, and he was placed in charge of the clerical work connected with water transportation, under Col. Chas. Bird. This was technical work and very valuable experience. In 1899 he left Washington, D. C, for Cuba, and was there clerk in charge of the construction of barracks, under Gen. C. F. Humphrey, afterward quartermaster-general. In 1900 he returned to Washington and was assistant editor of the publications of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in the treasury department, two years, and was then appointed to a position in the Bureau of Standards, acting as disbursing agent until 1904. In the meantime he had been pursuing his legal studies in the law 'department of the George Washington University at the national capital, and on leaving returned to Wisconsin and entered the law department of the state university, also acting as secretary for Justice Winslow of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. He was graduated from the College of Law in 1905, with the degree of LL. B. and remained with Judge Winslow- another year, assisting him in the preparation of Winsslow's Forms for publication, which was issued in two volumes in 1906. On Jan. 1, 1907, he came to Milwaukee and is associated with the well-known law firm of Kronshage, McGovern & Fritz. Justice Winslow says of him: "He is a young man of unusual legal and business ability - has not only exceptional natural legal perception, but has a thorough legal education and is well grounded in the basic principles of the law, instead of being a mere finder of cases. He is industrious, thoroughly reliable and always genial and pleasant to work with." In view of his experience, preparation and native qualities, by which he has won his way since he was thirteen years of age, he has without doubt before him a promising professional career. He is a member of the advisory board of the Milwaukee Maternity Hospital. In politics he is independent, and in 1892 served as a delegate to the Populist county convention in Milwaukee. On Aug. 15, 1900, he was married to Charlotte M. Ullrich, daughter of William F. and Katherine (Steele) Ullrich, of Washington, D. C. Captain Ullrich was the first person in the United States to enlist for service in the Civil war. He was a member of Cole's cavalry of Maryland, and after a ninety days' service re-enlisted and served until the close of hostilities. He then entered the regular army and served for forty years, mostly in the West, and slept with the "boys" of the Spanish-American war in the trenches of Santiago. He is still living at Washington, D. C.

William Benjamin Rubin is the senior member of the wellknown law firm, Rubin & Zabel, with offices in the Cawker building in the city of Milwaukee. This firm ranks among the leading ones at the bar of the Cream City, its practice being especially marked in what is known as "jury cases," and in this branch of the profession it has few equals in the number of cases handled and won. Mr. Rubin was born in the little city of Borispola, in the State of Poltava, in South Russia, on Sept. i, 1873, son of Henry and Bertha (Bernstein) Rubin, both of whom were also born in Russia. The paternal ancestors were merchants in the Czar's domain, while on the mother's side they were numbered among the land-owners. A maternal uncle served with distinction in the Crimean war, also in the last Turko-Russian war, and in recognition of his services the Czar conferred distinguished honors upon him. Henry Rubin, the father of the subject of this review, migrated with his family to America in 1883, and, locating in Milwaukee, he established himself in the mercantile business, which he followed until his death. In his native land he had followed similar pursuits and had also followed the profession of the law. He died in Milwaukee in 1901 and his widow still resides in that city. William B. Rubin received his preliminary education in the public schools of Milwaukee, completing a high school course in two years, after which he took a three-years' course in engineering in the University of Wisconsin. He then entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, in which he received the degree of Bachelor of Letters in 1895 and that of Bachelor of Laws in 1896. Returning to Milwaukee, he immediately began the practice of his profession, and was so engaged alone until January, 1906, when he entered into parnership with Mr. Zabel, the firm name being Rubin & Zabel. Mr. Rubin's sympathies are always enlisted in the cause of the oppressed and his talents are frequently called into action in defense of that class against the oppression and encroachment of those who would wrong them, in which matters he never asks for compensation. In the last decade he has appeared many times as the champion of labor organizations, and he succeeded in dissolving the first labor injunction ever dissolved in the State of Wisconsin and the second one dissolved in the United States. I [e has consistently refused retainers offered, preferring to remain a strictly anti-public corporation attorney. He was prominently identified with the Henry Goll case, acting as chief counsel for the defense upon only one week's notice, after the counsel who had been in the case for one year withdrew. On this, though he was on the losing side, the papers complimented him highly for the manner in which he conducted the defense, and for the skill he displayed as a trial lawyer. He has had remarkable success in murder cases and in criminal law generally, while in civil practice he has met with even more good fortune. In the civil courts of Milwaukee his firm has had, for the last four years, more cases on the calendar, and has tried more cases than any other firm. In one case in particular Mr. Rubin saved 700 policy-holders from paying assessments to the Minneapolis Fire & Marine Insurance Company after the company had become insolvent. In another instance an undertaker, in charge of a burial, was refused carriages by the liverymen because the undertaker was a non-union man ; suit was brought against the officers of the liverymen's union, and Mr. Rubin defended; he lost the decision in the lower court, but taking an appeal, he secured a reversal of the decision and a victory for his clients before the Supreme Court of the state. Mr. Rubin was also retained for the defense in the Schissler murder case, to move for a rehearing of the case in the Supreme Court, after the defendant had been convicted and after a new trial had been denied by the Supreme Court. One of the most notable cases in which Mr. Rubin has been retained was the famous molders' case, in which the Allis-Chalmers Company secured an injunction against 1,000 molders. Mr. Rubin succeeded in having the original temporary injunction, which was issued by Judge Quarles of the United States District Court, modified. The injunction, which was sweeping in its terms, was thereafter made permanent by Judge Sanborn, and from this decision the molders appealed to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. Although such eminent and older counsel as Mr. Judson, of St. Louis, and James D. Beck, of New York, were retained in the case, Mr. Rubin was given the unusual honor of making the closing argument before the court. As may be inferred from his attitude in his professional life, his sympathy for the unfortunate extends further than the limits of the court-room, and he has assisted in the organization and is a prominent worker in many charitable movements. When a man is put on trial for his liberty, and he has no money, he will defend him, always refusing to take an appointment from the court, as he does not care to put a charge against the county. He was married on Sept. 12, 1897, to Miss Sophia, daughter of Joseph A. and Josephine Mesirow, also an active worker in the field of charity, and to this union there has been born one son, Abner. Mr. Rubin is a member of no political party, but always takes an active interest in all civic matters, and advises all workingmen to vote for themselves. They have called upon him, during the last six years, to make four Labor Day addresses, an honor which Milwaukee unions have accorded to no other person, and he has received at different times gifts from labor unions as tokens of their appreciation of his services - a watch and chain from the tanners, a library table from the building trades, a desk from the steamfitters, and handsome testimonials from the machinists and molders. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Eagles, Maccabees, Woodmen, Turners, the Germania Society, and B'nai B'rith, and he also has membership in the Milwaukee and the State Bar Association. He was one of the founders of Mt. Sinai Free Hospital and for several yeafs a member of its board of directors ; also one of the founders and a director of the Provident Loan Society, which was organized for the purpose of loaning money, at low interest, to worthy people in distress, and thereby exterminating the numerous "loan sharks" that have been preying upon the unfortunate poor. He is president of the Independent Jewish charities of Milwaukee.

Henry Victor Kane is numbered among Milwaukee's successful attorneys. He is a native of Milwaukee, the son of Patrick and Katharine Kane, the former of whom was born in Ireland and the latter at Sunderland, England. He received his early education in the parochial schools of Milwaukee, and completed the classical course of Marquette College in June, 1899, graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then entered Georgetown College, Washington, D. C, where the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him in 1900, that of Doctor of Philosophy in 1901, and that of Bachelor of Laws in 1902. After leaving the law school at Georgetown he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin in September, 1902. Since then he has devoted himself to general practice of the law in his native city. Politically he is a Democrat. He is a practical Roman Catholic and is a member of a number of organizations affiliated with the Roman Catholic church. He has also membership in the Milwaukee Bar Association, the Jefferson Club, and is a member of the executive committee of the Marquette College Alumni Association, of which he was president during the years 1904 and 1905.

Charles H. Phillips, a prominent attorney of the city of Milwaukee, was born in that city on Jan. 21, 1859, son of Joseph and Mary (End) Phillips, the former of whom came to Milwaukee in 1842, when but a mere boy, and became a clerk in a general merchandise business, located at the corner of Chestnut and Third streets, of which Mr. Phillips and George End afterward became the proprietors, as co-partners, under the firm name of Phillips & End, and continued in the general merchandise business until sometime after the war, when Mr. End located at Sheboygan, Wis., and Mr. Phillips established a tannery and continued in the business until 1877, when he disposed of his tannery to the Pfister & Vogel Leather Co. He then established, and until his death on Sept. 10, 1906, was the senior member of the firm of Phillips & Rebhan, in a general fire insurance business. In the early days of Milwaukee Mr. Phillips took a great interest in politics, and in 1870 he was mayor. Mr. Phillips' mother died when he was less than ten years of age. Charles H. Phillips received his early education in the parochial schools and later attended the public school and Markham's Academy and completed a course at the Spenccrian Business College. His first employment was that of bookkeeper in his father's tannery, and while connected with his father he also learned the tanner's trade ; and when his father disposed of the business to the Pfister

& Vogel Leather he remained with that firm as salesman until 1889, then accepting a position with another firm of tanners and remained with them until late in the year 1890. On Jan. I, 1891, he aeeepted a position as bookkeeper in the office of the Secretary of State at Madison and remained so employed until January, 1895, during the incumbency of Thomas J. Cunningham as Secretary of State, and while thus engaged he took a course in the law department of the University of Wisconsin, in addition to his clerical duties, and graduated there in 1893, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In 1895 he returned to Milwaukee and established himself in the law business, and is enjoying a fine practice, having associated with him his son Joseph. 1 le was married on Nov. 19, 1884, to Miss Helen Ramstack, of Milwaukee, and to this union there have been born two children, viz : Joseph and A. Helen. His political principles have always been Democratic. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus, Calumet Club, Milwaukee liar Association and other social organizations.

Edwin G. Kohlsdorf, D. D. S., graduate of the Milwaukee Medical College, Dental Department, 1904, now practicing his profession in Milwaukee, was born at West Bend, Washington county, Wis., on Sept. 19, 1880. He is the son of John Kohlsdorf, born in Germany in 1849, and Anna ( Arzbacher) Kohlsdorf, born in Washington county, Wis., in 1855. The paternal grandfather, Robert J. Kohlsdorf, a native of Breslau. Prussia, born Dec. 27, 1815, brought his family from Germany in 1853, and after several moves around the state settled at West Bend, Wis. A miller, like his father, he built the Kohlsdorf Mills on the Milwaukee river in the northeast corner of section 13, West Bend. Wis. He resided on a farm bought from Judge Mann in 1870, outside of West Bend, where he lived until 1890, coming then to Milwaukee, where he afterward died. He was a captain in Company E, Tenth Wisconsin infantry, from 1861 to 1863. His wife, Bertha (Fliegel) Kohlsdorf, native of Prussia, and to whom he was married in 1848, died in Milwaukee. The maternal grandfather, native of Braubacham Rhine, born in 1826, a graduate of medicine in the university of Gueshine, came to this country in 185 1 and settled in the state of Wisconsin and afterwards in West Bend, there being the pioneer leading practitioner until his death in 1866. His widow, Clara (Nockin) Arzbacher, is now a resident of Milwaukee, the only living prandparent of the subject of this review. Dr. Kohlsdorf received his primary education in the public schools of Milwaukee and then attended one of the high schools. He matriculated at the Milwaukee Medical College in 1901 and there received his degree of Dental Science in 1904. Since graduating he has practiced in Milwaukee. Professionally he is a member of the Southern Wisconsin Dental Society and the Wisconsin State Dental Society. While a student at the Milwaukee Medical College he became affiliated with the Psi Omega Dental fraternity, and is now a member of Lafayette Lodge, No. 265, of the Free and Accepted Masons.

Andrew Kunny, assistant pastor of St. Joseph's church, Milwaukee, is one of a family of nine brothers - eight of whom are living - and one sister who died at the age of one year. The parents. Nicholas and Margaret (Kandal) Kunny, the former of whom died on Feb. 23, 1908, at Fredonia, Wis., aged seventy-four years, were natives of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg. The father came to Illinois in 1853 and thence to Wisconsin in 1861, but the mother came directly to Wisconsin about 1849. She came to this country at the age of seven years with her parents and is the daughter of one of the first settlers of Ozaukee county. After their marriage Nicholas Kunny and wife settled on a farm in Fredonia, Wis., where by thrift and frugality they succeeded in making a prosperous living. The oldest son, and also Nicholas and Mathew, are in California; John B. is now on the home farm; Christopher is in Oklahoma; Charles was graduated at the University of Wisconsin in 1905 and is now practicing law in Port Washington, Wis. ; Peter, who died at Los Angeles, Cal., June 14, 1908, and is buried in Holy Cross cemetery, Holy Cross, Wis., was the superintendent of the schools of Ozaukee county for two terms (1896-1900) ; and the youngest, Bartholomew, is preparing himself for the medical profession. Four of the sons have been engaged as teachers in the public schools. Andrew, the subject of this sketch, was born at Fredonia, Ozaukee county, Wis., Jan. 9, 1877. After acquiring his elementary education in the public and parochial schools of his native town, he prepared himself for his chosen life work by entering, on Nov. 14, 1895, the Seminary of St. Francis. He was ordained June 18, 1905, and read his first mass on June 29, following, in the church of Holy Cross, town of Belgium, Ozaukee county. Shortly afterward he was appointed assistant pastor of St. Joseph's church and has since filled the position, bringing to his work enthusiastic devotion and the careful preparation of years.

Hans Gustav von Stockhausen, deceased, who was prominently identified with the drug business in Milwaukee for many years, was born at Cassel, capital of the province of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, on June 5, 1841, the son of Baron Hans Adolph and Emma von Stockhausen. The mother was born on Sept. 28, 1806, at Cassel, and died on May 18, 1863, at Steinbach. The subject of this review was the youngest member of a family of six children, and was the only member of his family who came to America. One of his sisters is still living in Germany. His father, who held the rank of captain of the body guard in the German army, was an extensive land holder and was employed in managing his own estates. He was born Oct. 27, 1797, in Meinberg, Braunschweig, and died on May 18, 1855, at Wuelmersen. Our subject was educated at a private school, and later received an excellent military education at the military academy in Cassel. He served for a number of years in the German army, where he rose to the rank of captain before coming to this country. He arrived in the United States in the year 1867, coming directly to Milwaukee, Wis., and was associated with Charles H. von Baumbach as a druggist up to the time of his death, which took place on March 2. 1892, in the fifty-second year of his life. Politically Captain von Stockhausen was affiliated with the Democratic party, though he never took an active part in politics and never sought public preferment on his own behalf. He was a faithful member of the Episcopal church, and belonged to the fraternal order of the Sons of Hermann, Milwaukee. He was most happily married on March 14,

1878, to Miss Rebecca Bemiller, who was born Dec. n, 1856, at Chainbersburg, Pa., the daughter of Charles and Christina (Russ) Bemiller, both of whom were born in Germany, the father on April 26, 181 5, and the mother on July 29, 1821. Three children were born to Hans Gustav von Stockhausen and wife : Emma, who lives at the home, 492 Cass street, with her widowed mother; Elsie, the wife of Henry Weidcnbacher, of Milwaukee; and Otto, an engineer, who also lives at home, and is a sergeant in Company F, First Wisconsin National Guard. Mrs. von Stockhausen's parents emigrated from Germany and came to Milwaukee in the year 1866. Fler father was a draughtsman and surveyor by profession and served the city of Milwaukee in many important capacities. He was city surveyor and laid out Kilbourn Park, and also planned the city water system. He retired from active business pursuits some time before his death, which took place June 20, 1888, at the age of seventy-three years. His widow survived him some years longer, and died Sept. 9, 1900, at the age of seventy-nine years.

Leo Reitman, a rising young attorney of Milwaukee, was born in that city Feb. 16, 1881, a son of Philip and Julia (Loeb) Reitman, who are natives of Bingen-on-the-Rhine and West Preuss, respectively, the former born in 1854 and the latter in 1856. The paternal grandparents migrated to America in the early sixties and settled in New York city where the grandfather engaged in mercantile business. The maternal grandparents settled in Milwaukee soon after their arrival in America, and the grandfather was engaged in the meat business. The father of the subject of this review came to Milwaukee in early manhood and there married. For the past few years he has been engaged in the real estate businss, but prior to his entrance into that field of endeavor he was a clothing merchant. The oldest of his four sons, Arthur Reitman, M. graduated at the University of Wisconsin, and the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons in Milwaukee, and he is now engaged in the practice of his profession in his native city, officiating also as an instructor in his professional alma mater. Leo Reitman, the second oldest son, whose name introduces this review, received his preliminary education in the public schools of Milwaukee, taking a high school course at the South Side high school, after which he entered the law department of the University of Wisconsin, at which institution he graduated in 1904 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. While in the high school and also in the university he took great interest in oratory and debating, winning the first prize for oratory in the South Side high school in 1 901. He was a member of the debating teams of that school in 1900 and 1901, which won over both the East Side and West Side high schools of Milwaukee. He is a deep lover of music, being an expert violinist and a member of several musical societies, as well as a follower of athletics, having been a member of the track, basket ball and foot ball teams at his various schools. After receiving his degree in law he entered the law office of George Sylvester in Milwauke and remained there one year, since which time he has been associated with the firm of Rubin & Zabel, besides conducting an independent law practice that is fast assuming gratifying proportions. Mr. Reitman is a Republican in his political views, his religious affiliations are with the Jewish church, and he has a membership in the Lincoln Club,, the Masonic order, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Maccabees, the Milwaukee Bar Association, the Wisconsin State Bar Association and the Harmony Musical Club. He formerly belonged to the Musician's Union of Madison, and the University of Wisconsin orchestra ; also to the Singing Society, Madison Choral Union. He is now connected with an amateur orchestra, known as the Harmony Musical Club, in which he plays the first violin.

Archibald D. Campbell, chief carpenter of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad shops in Milwaukee, is one of the men who came West when this section of the country was entering upon an era of growth and development that can hardly be paralleled in the history of this great nation. At that period, when Milwaukee was beginning its existence, there came thither from all parts of the world., men poor but honest, with sturdy independence and a determination to succeed, who have achieved results entitling them to a page in the history of the city which they have helped to make. Among those who aided in the advancement of Milwaukee is Archibald D. Campbell, the subject of this brief sketch. He was born in Scotland on June 4, 1836, the son of William and Jane (Binnie) Campbell, both of whom were born and reared in the same country. Archibald was given the benefit of an elementary education in the public schools of his native country and after leaving school learned the carpenter's trade in Glasgow. He lived in Scotland for several years, but after his mother's death came to America with his father and located in Milwaukee. The elder Campbell was also a carpenter and worked at his trade until his death in 1876. Archibald worked as a carpenter after coming to this country, and then obtained a position in the shops of the Jefferson & Indianapolis railroad, where he was employed several years. In 1888 he accepted a position as carpenter in the shops of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. Like so many of his race, Mr. Campbell was an expert workman, paid strict attention to business and was rapidly advanced to chief carpenter of the shops in Milwaukee, which position he has continued to hold for the past thirty years. To-day he is one of the oldest and most valued of the road's employees. In 1865, Mr. Campbell was united in marriage with Miss Rochial Wylie, who has borne him four children : John J., Jane B., Mary R. and William A.

Edward Dougherty, deceased, who was one of the well-known and popular citizens of Milwaukee, was a native of Wisconsin, born at Muskego Center, Waukesha county. Wis.. June 8, 1846. His parents were Edward and Mary (Morgan) Dougherty, both natives of Ireland. The elder Dougherty emigrated from Ireland about 1840, and soon after landing in the United States bought a farm at Muskego, where be reared his seven children : William, Charles, Mary, Sarah, Peter, Edward and Ellen, all of whom were made welcome on the hospitable old farm. Mr. Dougherty never gave up active life, and was still managing his business when he was called to his last rest on Dec. 13, 1876, after an unselfish life, devoted to his family and the interests of his fellow men. Edward attended the public schools of Muskego until he was grown, when he left home and went into northern Michigan and engaged in the lumbering business, but returned to Wisconsin and worked as a carpenter in .Milwaukee. Subsequently he became a member of the city police force and was promoted to roundsman. During his twenty-five years of service for the city he gained the friendship and respect of all who knew him by his kind heart and good judgment. He was compelled to resign from the force because of ill health, and on April II, 1906, crossed the great divide, after a life devoted to his fellow men, unselfish, kindly and upright. On Jan. 10, 1875, Mr. Dougherty married Miss Margaret Sullivan, the daughter of Bartholomew and Mary (Carey) Sullivan, of Muskego, Wis. Seven children blessed this union: Nellie, at home; William, a plumber on National avenue; Francis, the wife of George Fitzpatrick, a railroad inspector; Alice, deceased; Edward, deceased; Margaret, at home; and George, who is associated with his brother in a plumbing establishment on National avenue. Mrs. Dougherty's parents were born in Ireland and emigrated to America and settled about 1840. at Muskego, Wis., where the father conducted a farm for a few years, but with the prospects of a happy and eventful life before him was summoned by the grim time-keeper, death, leaving a family of five children and his wife, who survived her beloved husband but a few years. Both were devout Catholics and died in the faith. During his life Mr. Dougherty was closely connected with the Democratic party and was one of its strong supporters. With his family he was a member of St. Patrick's Catholic church and there was no place his loss was more keenly felt than in the congregation where he had been a hard worker.

Frederick William Friese, commercial editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel, is a native of Germany, born at Sophienthal, near Berlin, Prussia, Dec. 23, 1837. His father, William Friese, was born at New Langsow, Prussia, May 30, 1805, and his mother, Maria (Franke) Friese, was a native of Sophienthal, Prussia, born there on March 28, 1813. His parents immigrated to the United States and came to Milwaukee in the summer of 1843, and after a brief stay went west, locating in what was then an unbroken wilderness, which became the township of Lebanon, Dodge county. Territory of Wisconsin. Frederick was only six years of age when he came to Wisconsin and when old enough attended the district school and afterward continued his studies at Watertown, six miles distant. In 1853 he came to Milwaukee and entered the office of the Free Democrat, a newspaper published by S. M. Booth, and learned the printing business. After learning his trade he secured a position as mail clerk, but gave that up to accept a more congenial occupation as commercial reporter and continued in that vocation until 1864, when he enlisted in Company A, Thirty-ninth Wisconsin infantry, known as the Milwaukee light infantry. In April, 1864. with two other members of the light infantry, he opened a recruiting office for the organization of a company, and on June 2. was promoted to third sergeant. This regiment was organized at Camp

Washburn, Milwaukee, in May and June, for the 100-days' service and left the state on June 13. It reached Memphis on the 17th and was assigned to the Third brigade. It had a brush with Forrest's cavalry near the Hernando road, the enemy five thousand strong, breaking through the picket line and entering Memphis. The Thirty-ninth was engaged in detachments, in guard and picket duty, the entire summer, until its return of service expired, and it was mustered out at Milwaukee on Sept. 22, 1864. In i860, in company with George Godfrey, Mr. Friese entered upon the publication of a daily market report of the Chamber of Commerce, and with the exception of the time he was in the army continued this journal until 1886. At that time Mr. Godfrey died and the management and publication devolved upon Mr. Friese. On Jan. 1, 1865, he became commercial editor of the Milwaukee Sentinel, and in February, 1873, also assumed the duties of musical critic. For over forty-three years Mr. Friese has been faithful to his post of duty at the Sentinel office and is one of the veteran members of the newspaper fraternity of the Cream City. Kindly, upright and just he has won a high place in the esteem of all the newspaper men by his warm heart and sound judgment. He always takes interest in political matters but has never been personally ambitious to hold office. He is a Republican and ever ready to defend the policies of the party. Mr. Friese is one of the members of the E. B. Wolcott Post,, G. A. R., and with his family belongs to the Episcopal church. On June 26, i860, he married Mary Elizabeth, the daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Wheatley, residents of Wheeling, Va. Three children came to bless this union: Augutus W., born April 30, 1861 ; Ada, born Aug. 26, 1863; and Emma, born Feb. 9, 1866, and died Feb. 6, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Friese are among the oldest residents of Milwaukee and dispense a gracious hospitality to their many friends at their beautiful home, 591 Lake Drive.

Fred Doepke, vice-president and superintendent of the Wrought Washer Manufacturing Company of Milwaukee, is recognized as one of the leaders in the manufactured iron industry of the Cream City. He is a native of Wisconsin, born at Kenosha on March 28, 1862, the son of John and Emilia Doepke, who were born and reared in the Fatherland. His father immigrated to America when he was a young man and settled in Kenosha, where he engaged in the fishing industry. When twenty years of age he came to Milwaukee and found employment with G. D. Noryis & Company, for whom he worked twenty years. Fred was reared in Milwaukee, where he continued to reside and was sent to the German-Lutheran Academy at Scott and Grove streets. He engaged in the grocery business for two years after leaving school, but he did not care to become a storekeeper and worked at the Cream City Iron Works to learn the machinist's trade. Subsequently he worked as a journeyman machinist for several years and was employed in one of the largest bolt shops in the east. Mr. Doepke learned every branch of the business and twenty years ago came to Milwaukee and almost immediately went into partnership with A. J. Reed, who had been manufacturing for some years. The company was reorganized and assumed its present name, Mr. Doepke becoming vice-president. The company is one of the substantial manufacturing concerns of the city, due to the untiring efforts and excellent management of its members. Air. Doepke has varied business interests and is a director of the Merchants' & Manufacturers' Bank and president of several mining companies. Being one of the oldest residents of the city Mr. Doepke is a member of the Old Settlers' Club; he is a popular member of the Merchants' & Manufacturers' Association, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, and he is a thirty-second degree Mason. In 1892 Mr. Doepke was united in marriage with Miss Anna Disch, the daughter of Myron and Elizabeth Disch, of Milwaukee. Two children have been born to this union, Ralph and Fred, Jr.

John Brewster Jenkins, deceased, was born in West Topsham, Orange county,, Vt., April 17, 1829, the son of William and Anna (Brewster) Jenkins. The father, being a farmer, never came West, but he and his wife died in Vermont. A maternal ancestor of our subject, William Brewster, came to America in the Mayflower. There were six children in the family, of whom our subject was the second, viz: Thomas, John B., Carrie, Mason B., William,, and Charles, and of these Thomas and Mason B. served their country in the Civil war. Our subject received his schooling in the public schools of Orange county, Vt., starting to work on his father's farm at an early age, but tiring of the monotony of farm life, he resolved to seek his fortune in the great West, and we soon find him again working as a farm hand near Storytown, Wis., from which place he went to Evansville, Wis., where he learned the mason's trade, which he followed during life, both here and in Milwaukee, of which latter city he became a resident in 1887. He retired from work about six years before his death, which took place on Dec. 23,, 1905, aged 74 years. On Nov. 12, 1848, he married Miss Harriet Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob and Salome (Bowen) Layton, of Newberry, Vt., and to their union were born six children : Annette, wife of E. L. Cassels; Eleanor, deceased; Ida May, deceased; Laura, wife of W. H. Morrison, of Kansas; George W., and Harriet, wife of F. W. Dickens, assistant secretary of the Milwaukee Fidelity Trust Co. Mr. Jenkins was a member of Hanover street Congregational church, and was politically a Republican. He was modest in his tastes, quiet and unobtrusive in his bearing, and an affectionate parent and a faithful friend.

Erwin Plein Nemmers, a practicing attorney in the city of Milwaukee, was born at Kenosha, Wis., on Jan. 14, 1879. He ^s one °^ two children of Michael L. and Barbara R. (Plein) Nemmers, the former of whom is a native of St. Donatus, Iowa, and the latter of St. Joseph, Minn. His paternal grandparents, Michael and Anna (Ewen) Nemmers, migrated to this country from the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, and settled in Iowa. His maternal grandparents, Adam and Anna (Wetle) Plein, migrated to this country from Rhenish Prussia, and settled in Minnesota. He received his education at St. Francis' Parochial School (Milwaukee), Marquette College, and Georgetown University. He has received the following degrees, in course: that of A. B., from Marquette College in 1898; and those of A. M., Ph. D., LL.B. and LL.M., from Georgetown University, in

1899, 1900, 1 90 1 and 1902, respectively. In October, 1902, he began the practice of his profession at Milwaukee, where he has been following his profession ever since. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic and in politics, a Democrat. He is a member of the alumni association of Marquette and Georgetown universities, of the Milwaukee and Wisconsin bar associations, of the Jefferson Club (Milwaukee), of the Merchants' & Manufacturers' Association (Milwaukee), and of the Wisconsin Archaeological Society. His father, one of the early graduates of the Catholic Normal School at St. Francis, Wis., has been following his profession of Catholic organist since 1875,. and is a popular composer of Catholic church music. His sister, Adalina Plein Nemmers, a graduate of Holy Angels x\cademy (Milwaukee) and the Wisconsin College of Music, is now continuing her musical studies at Vienna, Austria, under the guidance of Maestro Theodor Leschetizky.