Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 24 of 35)

James Lawrie, Sr., deceased, was for a number of years closely identified with the business and social life of the city of Milwaukee, which was his place of residence practically for a period of fifty years. He was born at Paisley, Scotland, on Aug. 15, 1831, and received his early schooling in the place of his nativity. Upon leaving school as a boy he was apprenticed to a tailor in Paisley, and later worked in Glasgow, and also in Liverpool, helping to support the family at home during these early years of his life. At the early age of twenty years he decided to cast his lot with the people of the United States, and in 185 1, in company with his young wife, whom he had but recently married, he set sail for the American shores. The first two years after his arrival, until 1853, he resided in the city of Brooklyn, engaged at his trade of tailoring, and the ensuing two years, until 1855, was spent in the city of Philadelphia. In the year last mentioned, Mr. Lawrie and wife came to Milwaukee, which city was destined to be the scene of a long and happy life for them, and Mr. Lawrie secured employment with Samuel Sawyer, a prominent tailor of the Cream City in those early days. The wages were much lower than had been received in Philadelphia, but Mr. Lawrie, with the keen foresight which is a characteristic of his race, looked to the future and its opportunities rather than to the present, and was content to bide his time for a better remuneration for his labor. He remained in the employ of Mr. Sawyer from the time of his arrival until 1872, in which year he embarked in business for himself with a partner, under the firm name of Brewer & Lawrie. This partnership continued until 1880, when Mr. Brewer retired from the firm and Mr. Lawrie became the sole proprietor of the establishment, which at this time had assumed flattering proportions. The place of business was at the present location of the First National Bank, near the corner of East Water and Wisconsin streets. Mr. Lawrie continued in active business until 1895, when, having accumulated a competence, he laid aside the cares of trade and lived his remaining years in well-earned retirement. He was a man of pronounced convictions upon all questions concerning the public weal, and in political affairs gave an unswerving allegience to the men and measures of the Republican party. However, he was non-active so far as the practical work of the organization was concerned, as he deemed it imprudent to associate business with politics ; but his moral influence in this as in all other lines was exerted in support of measures conducive to a citizenship of the highest standard. In his religious faith he was a Presbyterian, having membership in the Church of Calvary, and in every walk of life he endeavored to practice in its fullest detail the line of conduct commended to mankind in the noble precepts of the Golden Rule. He was prominently identified with a number of the city's social organizations, among which may be mentioned the Masonic order, in which he attained the thirty-second degree ; and the St. Andrews Society, of which he was a charter member. He was also a member of the Recreation Club, and was one of the organizers of the National Merchant-Tailors' Exchange. Mr. Lawrie was married on Feb. 22, 1850, to Mary Vacey, of Liverpool, England. This honored couple traveled life's journey together for more than a half-century, and at death were not long separated, he passing away in 1904, and his faithful wife followed him in 1905. They were the parents of four sons and two daughters, of whom four are still living, as follows : John, deceased, late of Milwaukee ; Ellen, wife of Henry Bowes, of Milwaukee; James, Jr., deceased; William, a resident of St. Paul, Minn. ; Mamie, wife of Adolph Kurtz, of Wauwatosa, Wis. ; and Daniel, now living in the South. James Lawrie, Jr., was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee, his native city, and when still young was employed as a mechanic in the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad shops. Here he showed much skill, efficiency and attention to details. He followed this vocation until 1891, when his health broke down, and he went west to Spokane, Wash., in the effort to restore his health, and died in that city the same year. His political affiliations were always with the Republican party, though he was never a mere partisan, and could always be counted upon to support the best men and measures. He was content to do his duty as a plain citizen, and never aspired to the honors and emoluments of public office. He was a member of the Presbyterian church. He was married on Dec. 24, 1881, to Miss Carrie Amelia, daughter of George and Sarah Jane (Henry) Hatch, and he left his wife and one son surviving him. The son, James, lives at home with his mother, and is a member of the Milwaukee Board of Trade. Mrs. Lawrie's father was born in Richmond, Va., Feb. 1, 1828, and was a prosperous Southern planter in early life. He abandoned this vocation when still young to engage in the manufacture of trunks in New York city ; came West to Milwaukee in 1868, and there pursued the same business for many years, building up a large and lucrative business in that line. He retired from active business several years before his death, which took place in 1901. His wife was a native of New York city, where she was born on Aug. 24, 1832. She died in Milwaukee in October, 1894. Mr. and Mrs. Hatch reared a family of five sons and three daughters : Sarah Louise, wife of R. L. Grossenbach, Milwaukee ; John S., deceased ; George Henry, a resident of Milwaukee ; Charles L., also a resident of Milwaukee ; Carrie A., widow of James Lawrie, Jr. ; Josiah W., deceased ; Emma Jane, the deceased wife of L. J. Miller, of Milwaukee ; and Frank, a prominent contractor of Chicago, 111.

Jacob Dreher was born on Jan. 13, 1849, m the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, the son of Dionysius and Catherine (Ulrich) Dreher, both of whom were also born in Germany, being natives of the same Grand Duchy. The father was an officer of cavalry in the German army, and at the time of the revolution of 1848 his sympathies were with the forces battling for freedom. He emigrated to America with his family in 1850, and in 1855 he came to Milwaukee. Jacob Dreher received his education in the public schools of Milwaukee, and began his career as an employe of the Milwaukee News. He was also engaged on the Milwaukee Sentinel, and later with the Evening Wisconsin, and the King, Fowle & McGee Company. In 1901 he established his own business. In August, 1904, he received the appointment as Grand Lecturer of the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons for the grand lodge of Wisconsin, and has since devoted his entire time to that work. He is a member of Wisconsin Consistory and of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and he has served as Worshipful Master of Wisconsin lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M., as High Priest of Wisconsin Chapter, No. 7, and also of Calumet Chapter, No. 73, R. A. M., and he has filled offices in both the Commandery and the Consistory. He is an Episcopalian in his religious faith. Mr. Dreher was married on Jan. 1, 1872, to Miss Angeline E. Cameron, who was born at Oswego, N. Y., a daughter of Capt. Donald Cameron, a sailor and ship-owner, and to this union there have been born four sons : George C. and Harold J., with the First Na-

Louis Schneider, retired, one of the substantial German citizens of Milwaukee, was born in Pomerania, Germany, on Oct. 18, 1836. lie is a son of Louis and Loretta (Krontz) Schneider, both natives of the Fatherland, who never came to America. Mr. Schneider attended the public schools of his native land, and when he had completed his scholastic training he learned the trade of baker. In 1862 he came to America, and after a few months of life in Canada located in Milwaukee. For some five years he worked at his trade, and by that time had accumulated a sufficient competence to enable him to purchase the property where he now lives. He continued in business there for a number of years and then retired. He is the owner of considerable real estate, including the fine three-story building of which he and his family are the occupants of the second flat, two fiat buildings between Ninth and Tenth streets, a store building on Third street, and other properties on Herman street, Ninth street, Twenty-first street, and Cold Spring avenue, and several unoccupied lots. In May, 1868, Mr. Schneider was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta Vallow, born in Germany on April 22, 1840, a daughter of Henry and Caroline (Felz) Vallow. Mrs. Vallow died in Germany, but her husband came to America in 1866 and located in Chicago, where he was engaged in teaming until the time of his death, which occurred in 1888. To Mr. and Mrs. Schneider were born three children. Anna, the eldest, is the widow of Dr. Fred Conitz, and now makes her home with her parents. Alfred is deceased, and Laura is the wife of William Schneider, a druggist at the corner of Twenty-fourth and State streets. All of Mr. Schneider's achievements are directly due to his own personal efforts. When he first came to America he could not speak English, but with energy and ambition that are well worthy of emulation he has won for himself a high rank among Milwaukee's useful citizens.

Fernando L. Bell, retired, a respected farmer living just outside the city of West Allis, was born in Otsego county, N. Y., on Oct. 4, 1834. He is a son of Capt. John and Sally (Harrington) Bell, both of whom were born in Otsego county, the former on Dec. 22, 1791, and the latter in 1794. The father was a farmer by vocation and held the office of captain in the New York state militia. For some years, also, he was a public servant in his native county. In 1842 he came to Milwaukee county and located on the farm which his son now occupies. He continued farming until a few years before his death, which occurred in August, 1886. The mother died on Aug. 25, 1877. The paternal grandparents, John and Jeanette Bell, were both born in Scotland, the former on July 10. 1748, and the latter on March 10, 1758. F. L. Bell, the subject of this review, received but a limited education, owing to the scarcity of schools in the vicinity of his boyhood home. He remained on the farm with his father until 1853, *n that year removed to Illinois, and for a year and a half was employed on the

Illinois Central railroad. During the two years immediately following he assisted his father in the conduct of the farm, and then went to Kansas. There he entered the employ of the government as a teamster, working out from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Riley, Fort Laramie, and the coast. He continued this work for three years, from 1855 to 1858, taking up under the homestead law some land in Franklin county, which land he held the title to until 1903, when he disposed of it and realized upon it a large profit. Upon his return to Wisconsin he assumed for his father the management of the farm, and continued it until his sons became mature enough to attend its conduct, since which time he has lived practically retired. There are altogether 102 acres in the property, the larger part of which is under intense cultivation and brings a goodly income to both father and sons. In his political belief Mr. Bell is an ardent Democrat, and at the present time is serving his seventh term as chairman of the town board. On Dec. 5, 1872, Mr. Bell was united in marriage to Miss Mary Rodeman, a native of Germany, having been born there on Oct. 25, 1851. She came to this country with her parents in 1862, and her mother passed away shortly after their arrival. The father's death occurred in 1893. To Mr. and Mrs. Bell six children were born. Henry, born Oct. 20, 1873, is unmarried and makes his home with his parents. Almond, born Oct. 3, 1876, married Miss Emma Peter, of Milwaukee, and is now a farmer in Racine county. Nara, born Sept. 16, 1878, is the wife of Ray Hillier, an employe of the state school at Sparta. Berdella, born Dec. 26, 1880, is unmarried and lives at home. Pearl, born July 29, 1883, resides with her parents, and for the past five years has been a stenographer for a large Milwaukee concern. Lottie, born March 11, 1889, resides with her parents and is attending a private school of oratory in Milwaukee.

John A. Wedda, newspaper-man, financial secretary of the Polish Newspaper Association of America, and advertising manager of the Kuryer Polski, of Milwaukee, is one of the rising and representative members of the newspaper fraternity of the city. He is a native of Milwaukee, the son of Frank and Catherine (Zabrocki) Wedda, who were natives of Poland. They immigrated to the United States in the early seventies and were among the pioneer Polish residents of Milwaukee. The father was a carpenter by trade and followed that vocation for many years after coming to Milwaukee, and he earned a sufficient competence at that work to retire from active business some years before his demise, which occurred on Oct. 22, 1906, when he was sixty-eight years old. He was survived by a widow and five children : Theresa, the wife of Leon Graj ; Joseph ; Frank ; Lucy, the wife of H. Smith ; and John, the subject of this sketch, who was reared in Milwaukee. He received his elementary educational training in St. Stanislaus' parochial school and then attended Marquette University, where he studied some time, and subsequently he went to the Polish college at Detroit, Mich., to complete his education. Since that time he has been constantly engaged in journalism. Immediately after- ward he was connected with a Polish paper in Illinois for nearly a year, and he met with such marked success in his chosen career that he became correspondent for various Polish papers throughout the country, writing on Polish subjects and the many problems which appeal to the warm-hearted Pole. His articles were received with such a cordiality that he was induced to extend his field and include some of the English newspapers, and he became one of the well-known contributors. Since January, 1905, he has been identified with the daily Kuryer Polski in the editorial department. When he first joined the staff he was assigned to the City Hall as reporter, but was soon advanced to city editor, then to political editor, and he has held his present responsible position of advertising manager since January, 1908. He is editor of the Polish Press and financial secretary of the Polish Newspaper Association of America. He is also a prominent member of the local Polish Turners' Society, the Polish Council, is president of Branch 730, Polish National Alliance, and is also a member of the Milwaukee Press Club. Marquette college is proud to count him among the rising young members of her alumni association, of which he is a popular member. Mr. Wedda has always taken an active part in politics, and is a stanch Republican and one of the leading speakers of his nationality for that party. He is unselfish, and for years has been doing a noble work as teacher in the night schools of the city, enabling many a struggling Polish or German "boy to secure a knowledge of the English language. He still contributes many different articles to various English newspapers.

Hon. Jacob Rummel, foreman of the Williams & Breckle Cigar Manufacturing Company, represented the Sixth district in the State Senate for the term beginning in January, 1905, and ending in January, 1909. He is a native of Wisconsin, of German ancestry, and the son of Christian and Mary (Tabel) Rummel, both -of whom were born in Germany. Christian and his wife came to America in 1852, and were so attracted by the unusual farming afforded by Wisconsin that they decided to make this state their home, and they occupied a farm in the town of Richfield, Washington county. This became their permanent home, and there their son Jacob was born on April 17, 1857. He attended the public schools and was taught farming by his father, who had been obliged to clear his own farm and erect all the buildings, and who had succeeded in making a beautiful and comfortable home out of the untilled land. Jacob continued his education at the Spencerian Business College in Milwaukee, and in 1872 learned the cigar-maker's trade with William Brenckle, with which firm he has been employed as foreman for twenty years, his position increasing in importance with the rapidly growing business ness of the Williams & Brenckle company. In 1904 Mr. Rummel was elected to the State Senate to represent the Sixth district. He owed his election to the Socialist party, with which he has been identified for twenty-five years, and in the interests of which he has been very active. Mr. Rummel has been a political leader, and during the first session became prominent in the legislature. Soon after taking his seat in the Senate he was made chairman of the committee on manufactures and labor and was appointed a member of the committees on corporations, banks, finance, insurance, health and sanitation. At that time he was also appointed to be one of three members of a committee to investigate matters pertaining to state insurance. Of this body the other members were Senator Frear, now secretary of state ; and Senator Roehr. The number of members of the committee was finally increased to seven and they were empowered to investigate state insurance corporations. When the committee finished its investigations and made its report to the Senate, a minority report was submitted by Mr. Rummel, which requested the legislature to appoint a commission, which, with the co-operation of the State Commissioner of Insurance, should formulate a working plan for state insurance and for old-age pensions in the state of Wisconsin. Of this report 10,000 copies were printed and distributed, and it was widely read and commented upon in various states. Action suggested by this treatise has been taken by four state legislatures in regard to state insurance, and Mr. Rummel feels that these steps taken in the right direction will be followed by more and broader efforts in this direction. During the second session of Air. Rummel's term in the Senate, he was a member of the committees on banks, finance, insurance, manufactures, labor, cities, and elections. In 1908 he was elected alderman from the Nineteenth ward in Milwaukee, leading his republican and Democratic opponents by a plurality of 74. Mr. Rummel continues to take an active interest in matters political, and has constantly at heart the welfare of his neighborhood and city, at the same time working in every way possible to promote the interests of the Socialist movement at large.

Louis Schoknecht is a prominent mason and contractor of Milwaukee, residing at 186 Burleigh street. His father, Henry Schoknecht, was born in Germany and came to Milwaukee in 1855 with his parents, John and Sophia (Druse) Schoknecht. He married Miss Bertha Timm, daughter of Charles and Mary Timm, who were also German pioneers of Milwaukee. Henry Schoknecht was born in Germany on Nov. 21, 1854, and has resided in Milwaukee since 1855. There is but one older resident of the Twenty-first ward than Mr. Schoknecht. He is one of a family of five children, of whom four attained mature years : Christopher, Henry, Mary, and Lena (deceased). He worked three years as a mason's apprentice, and as journeyman until 1902, when he engaged in business with his sons, Louis and Edward, under the firm name of Louis Schoknecht. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Henry Schoknecht: Louis; Lizzie, wife of Hugo Bindrich ; and Anna, wife of Robert Thuroes. Louis, the subject of this sketch, was born in Milwaukee, Nov. 14, 1874, attended public schools in Milwaukee and learned the mason's trade with his uncle Christopher. For ten years he was a journeyman, and then became associated with his father and brother in the firm which bears his name. Since 1902 the firm has carried on a most successful business and has erected a number of important buildings. The four-story apartment building on the corner of Eleventh and Wells streets was erected for Mr. Hughes, and the threestory apartment at Thirteenth and Wells streets for Thomas Merrity. The firm has erected the masonry for numerous other buildings of consequence and is at present engaged in fulfilling the mason contract for the Kinsley Methodist Episcopal church, which is to be a $35,000 edifice at the corner of Thirty-third and Walnut streets. Mr. Schoknecht is well and favorably known among Milwaukee masons and merits the continuance of a prosperous business. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. The Schoknecht family are devout members of the German Lutheran church.

Richard Riesen, 236 Twenty-fourth street, is a prominent contractor and builder of Milwaukee. He was born in Milwaukee on Aug. 10, 1864, son of Richard and Rosa (Hauk) Riesen, the former a native of Schleswig and the latter of Stettin, Germany. Richard Riesen, senior, came to America from Germany in 1858, located in Milwaukee, and there was employed as a journeyman carpenter for some years. He was soon able to open a shop of his own and for forty years was successfully engaged as contractor and builder in Milwaukee. In later life, having acquired a comfortable fortune, he retired from active business and is now living near Los Angeles, Cal. His first wife was Rosa Hauk, and to this marriage were born seven children : Richard ; Minnie, wife of Charles Kleppe; Ella, wife of William Lierman ; Harry, deceased; Agnes, wife of Henry Opitz ; Lydia, wrife of Arthur Modler; and Rosa. Mr. Riesen married a second time, his wife being Emma Modler. To this marriage four children were born : William, Adelaide, Alvin, and Esther, Richard, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and learned the carpenter's trade in his father's shop. This instruction was of the best, for the elder Richard Riesen obtained the contracts for many substantial and handsome edifices, among them being the following: the Colby & Abbott building on Mason and Milwaukee streets, a considerable part of the Wisconsin Central depot and the Wisconsin Central shops at Waukesha, etc. In 1888, Richard Riesen, Jr., engaged in business as contractor and builder independently, and has won an enviable reputation in that capacity. He has erected many important structures, some of the most noteworthy of which are the Orphan Asylum of the Felician Sisters in Milwaukee, the large block at the corner of State and Third streets, the dormitory which is prominent among the State buildings at Chippewa Falls, the First Baptist church at Marshall and Ogden streets, the South Side Baptist church, the Baptist church at Madison, Wis., etc. Mr. Riesen's work is honest and substantial. He gives the most careful supervision to every piece of work upon which his men are engaged and takes pride in having every detail carefully executed. His experience and skill entitle him to a place in the foremost rank of Milwaukee builders. He is a member of the Milwaukee Builders' Association and of the Carpenter's Club. In November, 1887, Mr. Riesen was married to Miss Carrie Rohren, of Milwaukee, daughter of Henry and Catherine (Senn) Rohren. Their home has been gladdened by two children, Irving and Norma.

Julius E. Radtke, carpenter and builder, has occupied the shop at 486 Milwaukee street for the past ten years, and during that time has earned an enviable reputation for prompt and efficient execution of orders entrusted to him. He makes a specialty of jobbing and repair work and has a large and influential patronage. Mr. Radtke is a native of Wisconsin, son of Rudolph and Matilda (Schulz) Radtke, of Concord, Jefferson county. Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Radtke were both born in Germany and were pioneers of Jefferson county, where they met and were married. Their home for a quarter of a century was a rich farm in Concord, and there ten children were born to them, of whom seven reached mature years, named as follows : Julius E., Arthur, Hugo, Edwin, Hubert (deceased at the age of twenty years), Louise (Mrs. Edward Zarwell), and Edgar. The family exchanged the farm in Concord in 1887 for a better property in Beaver Dam, and there resided for twenty years, during which time Mr. Radtke was still engaged in farming and also interested in a store under the name of Radtke & Son. In 1907 he retired from active business and continues to reside in Beaver Dam, enjoying the fruits of a long and busy life. He has profited by the development of the rich farming country, whose fertility attracted him in the days when it was forest and wilderness and its cities were dreams of the future. Julius E., the subject of this sketch, was born on the farm in Concord, Jefferson county, Wis., Aug. 26, .1865, attended the public schools, started out in 1885, and served a four years apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade. In September, 1887, ne went to Milwaukee, where for some years he was employed as a journeyman, and for the past ten years he has been located at 486 Milwaukee street. On April 28, 1892, Mr. Radtke was married to Miss Maria Witte, daughter of Wilhelm Witte, whose home is in Germany. Three children blessed this union : Rudolph, Milda, and Leona, who are attending public school in Milwaukee. Mr. Radtke is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. Mrs. Maria (Witte) Radtke was born in Muetzelburg, bei Prillwitz, in Pommern, Germany, Jan. 1, 1866. She came to this country in 1883, stayed in Watertown, Wis., and came to Milwaukee in 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Radtke have since made Milwaukee their home.

Dr. Harvey P. Clute, formerly state veterinarian, and now one of the prominent and successful veterinary surgeons of Milwaukee, with offices at No. 330 Fourth street, was born on a farm in Orleans county, N. Y., June 18, 1866. He is the son of J. P. and A. M. (Jackson) Clute, both of whom are also natives of the Empire State. He grew to manhood on his father's farm in New

York, and received his early education in the public schools and at the Lima (N. Y.) Seminary, which he attended for a period of two years. He then entered upon the work of his chosen profession and matriculated at the Ontario Veterinary College, Toronto, Canada. Here he pursued the full two years' course and graduated therein with the class of 1887. Upon receiving his diploma he immediately came to Milwaukee, but the following year located at Marinette, Wis. Before finally settling down to the active practice of his profession, he took a special course in veterinary dentistry and surgery, and has always made a specialty of that branch of his calling. He remained in Marinette for a period of fourteen years, and there he commanded a large and very lucrative practice. In 1902, desiring a wider field for his professional labors, he moved to Milwaukee, where he met with immediate success and became one of the leaders of the profession. The Doctor is a member of the Wisconsin State Veterinary Graduates Association, of which organization he was president in 1894; he is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, Fraternal Alliance, and Knights of the Maccabees. While a resident of Marinette he served for one term as a member of the common council, representing the Fifth ward, and he was the youngest representative who ever sat in that body. He has always been a staunch adherent of the Republican party, and during Governor Scofield's administration he was appointed state veterinarian and served in that capacity with credit for four years. He was united in marriage on Feb. 2.2, 1892, at Marinette, Wis., to Miss Minnie A. Richter, a native of Oconto, Wis., and the daughter of William and Anna Richter. Her parents were both natives of Germany, and coming to the United States at an early day are numbered among the prominent pioneer residents of Oconto county. On Nov. i, 1908, Mr. Clute was appointed chief meat inspector of the city of Milwaukee.

Gustav Arsand, one of the prosperous farmers and prominent citizens of the town of Oak Creek, is a native of Wisconsin, but a German by descent, one of that sturdy race noted for its perseverance and indomitable will, which has played a larg'e part in the building up of this great commonwealth. He was born in the town of Oak Creek, Milwaukee county, March II, 1861, just as this nation wras torn asunder by the strife of civil war. His father was Edward Arsand, born in Germany on Sept. 8, 1834, and his mother was Fredericka (Koch) Arsand, born in the same country on July 3, 1839. The paternal grandparents immigrated to this country with the great tide of German immigrants who sought the opportunities offered in the new world about the middle of the Nineteenth century, and located on a farm in Milwaukee county in 1842, being among the pioneer settlers of the region. They lived on this homestead all their days. The paternal grandparents were H. F. William Koch and Mary Elizabeth Koch, who were among the pioneer residents of Oak Creek, where they lived all their lives. Gustav was reared on his father's farm and received his scholastic training in the public schools of the town of Oak

Creek. After finishing his studies he helped his father, who owned 147 acres of land. His father died in 1891, but his mother still lives in Oak Creek. They reared a family of eight children, of whom two are still living, Edward and Gustav. The father was a Democrat in politics, and his wife was a member of the Lutheran church. Gustav Arsand liked farming, and after reaching his majority bought sixty acres of land in the town of Oak Creek, where he is still engaged in that occupation. Like his father, he is a Democrat and takes an active interest in the principles of the party. On Feb. 22, 1883, Mr. Arsand was united in marriage with Wilhelmenia Roth, born in the town of Oak Creek in 1862, being the daughter of Jacob and Caroline (Werner) Roth, who were among the pioneer settlers of Milwaukee county. They immigrated to America in 1856 and located in the town of Oak Creek, where Mr. Roth died in 1870. He was survived by" his wife and eight of their nine children, one having died. Mrs. Roth lived to a happy old age and was laid at rest in 1900. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Arsand: Carl, deceased; George; Bernhardt, deceased : Emilia ; Gustav, Jr., deceased ; and Clara. The family are members of the Lutheran church.

Herman Ludwig Emmerich was born in Milwaukee on Dec. 11, 1869. He is the son of Henry and Augusta (Rosseler) Emmerich, both of whom were born in Germany, the former at Wrietzen, Brandenburg, on Nov. 4, 1828, and the latter at Zeitzing, Brandenburg, on July 24, 1829. They came to Milwaukee in 1868. The father was a tailor by occupation and was in business on the North Side at 610 Third street for a period of twentyfive or thirty years. His death occurred on Aug. 18, 1906, and he was survived by his widow and seven children. Herman Ludwig Emmerich attended the public and high schools of Milwaukee and entered the drug business as an apprentice in 1883, passing the licentiate examination in 1885. He clerked in representative drug stores for such well-known pharmacists as William Lueders, Twelfth street and Garfield avenue, under the tutorship of Charley Bruz, Ph. G., Conrad Richter, William Heinrichs, Ph. D., and Adolphus Hopp; and managed Joseph Troupczynski's store on Washington street, and later on Mitchell. He left Milwaukee and opened Foster's drug store at Beloit, Wis., returning to clerk for A. C. Eitberg at 118 Wells street. His next engagement was with John H. Tesch & Company, at No. 13 Grand avenue, where he rilled the position of head prescription clerk for five years. He entered the pharmacy department of the University of Wisconsin in 1892, graduating as president of his class in 1894. Resuming an active business career, he was employed at the Hotel Pfister drug store for a time, and then became head clerk for the Xestor of Wisconsin's pharmacists, John A. Dadd & Son, on Grand avenue, where he remained until 1900. He engaged in business on his own accord at 898 Third street in the year last mentioned ; in [903 launched the Union Pharmacy (co-operative) at Twelfth and Walnut streets, and of which he continued as presi- dent until his retirement from the concern in 1908. He completed a course in optijcs at the Northern Illinois College of Opthalmology and Otology and received his degree of Doctor of Optics in 1905. In the same year he added the Twelfth and Vliet street store to his drug store ventures. His personal popularity, his intimate knowledge of his chosen calling, and his square dealing has won him a host of friends and a fine patronage. His label is accepted as equivalent to drug knowledge, experience, and honest dealing. He has always stocked his store to include "everything for the sick needs;" from a hypodermic syrings to a crutch; from a hot-water bag to a rubber stocking; from a truss to a douche pan ; trying to live up to his idea of the physician and patient's "help," a pioneer idea for Milwaukee. In politics he is a Republican, though liberal minded, and in religion he confesses to the Lutheran faith. Professionally and fraternally he is a member of the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations, the National Association of Retail Druggists, the University of Wisconsin Alumni Association, the Kilbourn Lodge of Masons, and the Millioke Club.

Peter P. Glysz, a registered pharmacist of Milwaukee, who conducts one of the most modern drug stores in the city, was born in the Cream City on Dec. 1, 1874. He is a son of Lawrence and Gertrude (Bederska) Glysz, both of whom were born in Germany, the former in 1828 and the latter in 1830. The parehts came direct to Milwaukee from the Fatherland in 1869, and for the past eleven years the father has lived a retired life. He and his wife are communicants of St. Stanislaus' Roman Catholic church. Of the nine children born to the parents, six survive. Mr. Glysz received his early educational advantages in the parochial and public schools of Milwaukee. After leaving school he spent some time in a real estate office and also as a clerk in a dry goods store. From there he entered the drug business conducted by Hans Kienth, and remained with him for six years. During that time he also took up a short course in the pharmacy department of the Milwaukee Medical College. In the year 1901, on July 13, he embarked in the business under his own name, at Locust and Bremen streets. Having been successful, he in four years succeeded Andrew- Van Ells, on Forest Home and Tenth avenues, and in December, 1906, sold the stock again. On Sept. 23, L907, he purchased the store from The Kienth Drug Company, and has since that time been conducting that store at 840 Mitchell street, under the firm name of Glysz Drug Company, and also his original store at Locust and Bremen streets. In both enterprises he has been very successful in a financial way, his popularity winning him many friends. He is independent in his political belief, and in religious matters is allied with the Roman Catholic church. Fraternally and professionally he is well-known, being a member of the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations, the National Association of Retail Druggists, the Catholic Knights, and he is an honorary member of St. Casimir's Choir and St. Casimir's Cadets. Mr. Glysz is not married.

John Edward Lee, engaged in insurance and real estate, was born in Genesee, Waukesha county, Wis., on Sept. 8, 1857, a son of Patrick and Rosannah (Larkin) Lee. Both parents were born in Ireland, the father on March 19, 1804, and the mother on Aug. 21, 1814. They came to Waukesha county in 1842, and there the father earned his livelihood by working at his trade of contractor and operating a stone quarry. The father died on Oct. 30, 1866, and his widow passed away on Aug. 9, 1896. Both parents were devout communicants of the Roman Catholic church, and their family of four sons and two daughters, of whom but one son and a daughter - Rosannah E., formerly a nurse in Milwaukee and now a resident of Colorado Springs, Colo. - are living, were reared in that faith. John E. Lee received his educational advantages in the common schools of Waukesha county. Until he was eighteen years of age he did farm work, and then became a dairyman, being engaged for a period of two years in the creamery business. Attracted by the tales of fortunes to be made in the West, he went to Leadville, Colo., and for some five years was occupied in mining. Upon his return to Waukesha county at the end of that time, he again engaged in the manufacture of butter and cheese, and in 1890 he left the work to go to Milwaukee. Here he entered the employ of an express company, a position he retained for some two years. The following thirteen years he held a position with a Milwaukee concern as their traveling representative. When he severed that connection in 1905 it was to embark in the brokerage business. His present occupation he has been engaged in since May 1, 1907, when he and G. W. Griffiths organized the Lee Dental Supply Company. Although the firm has been in existence but a short time its success so far certainly augurs well for the future. - In his political beief Mr. Lee is not affiliated with any party, preferring to exercise his right of suffrage as his judgment dictates is for the best interests of the community. He is a devout communicant of the Roman Catholic church. On Sept. 25, 1901, Mr. Lee was united in marriage to Miss Jean Caldo, born in Milwaukee on April 26, 1872, and a daughter of John and Mary (McKittrick) Caldo. Mr. Caldo was born in Scotland in 1837 an(i came to Milwaukee in an early day. He and Andrew Brereton established one of the first bakeries in the Cream City, and from the time of his arrival in the city until his death, on June 12, 1875, was actively engaged in the baker's trade. He was a son of Alexander and Grace (Johnston) Caldo. His widow is still living, and is actively engaged in the management of a grocery business which she has conducted ever since his death. For sixteen years her store was on Broadway, and the past seventeen years it has been at 103 Twenty-eighth street. Of the six children in the family five are still living. Mrs. Caldo was born in Franklin, Milwaukee county, in 1843, ner parents being Robert McKittrick and Ellen (McDowell) McKittrick, both born in the north of Ireland. They came to Milwaukee in 1836. Mr. McKittrick died in 1848 and his widow on March 3, 1865.

James Daniel Madison, M. D., a physician of the city of Milwaukee, is attending physician at the county hospital and at the Johnson Emergency Hospital, also on the medical staff of the St. Joseph Hospital. Dr. Madison was born at West Point, Columbia county, Wis., Dec. 26, 1869, son of, William and Sarah G. (Ellis) Madison, both of whom were natives of England, the former being born in Lincolnshire and the latter at Rotheram. The former came to Wisconsin in 1857 with her parents, who spent their last days in Dane county, where they first settled. William Madison, the father of the subject of this review, migrated to America about 1858 and located in Columbia county, Wis., where he followed the occupation of a farmer. He had not long to follow the paths of peace, however, before the Civil war attracted the attention of everyone, and he decided with commendable promptness to offer his services to his adopted country. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in Company A of the Eleventh Wisconsin infantry, which regiment was organized at Camp Randall in October of the above-named year. It was mustered in on Oct. 18 and left the state on Nov. 20, performing railroad guard duty until spring, when it was sent farther south. It was in a skirmish with the enemy at Bayou Cache, and was then on duty along the river until the spring of 1863, when it was sent to take part in the siege of Vicksburg. Enroute it took part in the battle of Anderson's Hill and also at Port Gibson, receiving a special compliment from Colonel Stone, brigade commander, for its splendid work in the latter. It was engaged at Champion's Hill and also at Big Black River, leading the charge which carried the enemy's works and capturing -several -hundred prisoners. At Vicksburg its loss was heavy, the regiment occupying open ground which was swept by Confederate bullets. Several months were then spent in arduous though uneventful campaigning under much privation, but the regiment received Major-General Dana's compliments in an order, "for the perfection of instruction discovered in picket and guard lines." Mr. Madison re-enlisted in the veteran organization in the latter part of 1863, and in the early part of 1864, after a brief visit home, was sent with his regiment on an invasion of western Tennessee and northern Mississippi, engaging Forrest's cavalry enroute. The regiment was given outpos't duty at Brashear City, and by continued skirmishes with the enemy's cavalry as well as scattered bodies of infantry prevented the massing of Confederate troops, and the smuggling trade was broken up. At Fort Blakeley, its last engagement, the regiment upheld the record of four years by conspicuous work, being the first to plant the colors on the enemy's parapet in the face of a murderous fire. After the close of the war Mr. Madison returned to his Wisconsin home and continued to farm in Columbia county until 1872, when he went to Nobles county, Minn., and took up a tract of land on a soldier's claim. He remained there until 1883 and then returned to Wisconsin, locating in Dane county, where he died in 1892 and where his widow now resides. To him and his excellent wife four sons and one daughter were born, of whom all are living except one of the sons. Dr. Madison, whose name introduces this review, received his primary education in the public schools of Worthington, Minn., and after the return of the family to Wisconsin he attended the district schools in Dane county and the Mazomanie high school. In due time he entered the University of Wisconsin and graduated there with the class of 1894 with the degree of Bachelor of Science, after which he entered the Johns Hopkins Medical School and graduated in 1898. He then served as interne for one year in the Johns Hopkins Hospital at Baltimore and was for three years at Danvers Insane Hospital, in charge of the female wards. In October, 1902, he came to Milwaukee, where he has since been engaged in the active practice of his profession, and also has the chair of Professor of Medicine in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons. Among the professional associations with which he is affiliated are the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the Brainard Medical Society, the Milwaukee County and the Milwaukee Medical associations, being the librarian of the last-named, and he is an honorary member of the Phi Rho Sigma medical fraternity. Dr. Madison was married on Oct. 14, 1903, to Miss Julia E. Porter, of Lone Rock, Wis., daughter of T. Arthur and Margaret Porter, formerly of Lone Rock, but since the death of his wife Mr. Porter resides at Linden, Wis. In political matters Dr. Madison gives allegiance to the men and measures of the Republican party, and he has membership in the Congregational church.

Enoch Bailey, a prominent and very successful business man in various lines in Milwaukee, was born in Dawleybank, Shropshire, England, June 5, 1831, the son of Robert and Jane (Jones) Bailey, both natives of England. The father was in the coal mining business in England all his life and there he died, but his wife came to the Lnited States and to Milwaukee in 1850, and lived the remainder of her life in this city. She is buried at Forest Home Cemetery. Our subject was educated in England, at the public schools of Coalbrookdale, came to Milwaukee with his mother in 1850, and has since resided here. At first he engaged in the railroad business, working on the first railroad built in Wisconsin, after which he embarked in the ship-building business at 32 Lake street, which business he continued about forty years, retiring in 190 1. He is a man of large property interests on the South Side and occupies a magnificent home at 321 Eighteenth avenue. He married Mary Ann Tansley, who was born in Lincolnshire, England, and the issue of their union was five children : Ruth, deceased ; Ann Maud, deceased ; Mary Alice ; Isabel, deceased ; and Emily. Ruth was at one time one of the most successful teachers in the city schools, and Mary Alice is now a teacher of marked ability. In religion Mr. Bailey is an Episcopalian, and in politics he reserves the right to vote for the man of good principles rather than for party, and is. therefore, an Independent. Mr. Bailey is entitled to a large meed of praise for his remarkable success in life, for, starting with little or nothing, he has carved from the flinty quarries of adversity a handsome fortune, and has a high standing for strict integrity in the business world.

Adam Bloedel. - No other nation of Europe has sent a more desirable class of subjects to America than has Germany, and one of the best of this class of emigrants to seek our shores is Adam Bloedel, the pioneer jeweler of Milwaukee, who was born in the "Vaterland" on Dec. 13, 1843, tne son °f Henry and Annie M. (Laubenstein) Bloedel, both natives of Germany. The parents came to Milwaukee direct from Germany in 1854, the father being a wagon-maker and blacksmith, following that pursuit here until he died, and his wife died here also, in 1894. They had seven children, of whom three are living. Adam was educated in the common schools of Germany and Milwaukee, and after quitting the same he learned the jeweler's trade, engaging in business in a modest way in 1868. He finally enlarged his lines by wise and intelligent methods to the manufacturing of fine jewelry, which he is still conducting on a large scale at 127 Grand avenue. No other jeweler in the city has been so long in the business without interruption as Adam Bloedel, though he can hardly hope to continue to outlive them all. On Jan. 13, 1866, he married Annie Strothenke, daughter of Herman Strothenke, of Milwaukee, who came to this country from Germany in an early day and died here. Our subject and wife have had seven children, of whom four are living: Annie; Ida; Herman, who is with his father in business; and Amelia. Henry, Eddie, and Henrietta are deceased. In religion he follows the belief of his ancesetors and is a member of the Grace Lutheran church. In political preferences he belongs to the Republican party, and is a member of the Calumet Club. Adam Bloedel belongs to that class of men of sterling worth and usefulness who are born to do things in the world. The successful man has traits of character forged into him by his fight with the fates. His life, like most lives, had its hard struggles, but his efforts were well directed, while others were not, and they failed while he was crowned with success, outliving all his competitors, and yet he is not an old man. He is endowed with fine business judgment in his line and with a knowledge of business principles in general, and he enjoys the highest confidence of all who know him. He has accumulated quite a fortune by careful, painstaking attention to his business, where nothing goes to waste and everything must yield a profit. In life's battle he would recognize no such word as "fail," but always said "I can" and "I will." Of such brave and true men as Adam Bloedel may any city well be proud, for they form the bulwark of her splendid business strength before the world.

Dr. Arthur Holbrook, D. D. S., who may now well be called the father of dentistry in Milwaukee, and who is the author of important works valued in the profession, was born at Madrid, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., June 4, 1842, the son of Edwin A. and Lucinda (Richardson) Holbrook, both of whom were born in St.

Lawrence county, N. Y., the former in 1817 and the latter in 1815. By authentic genealogic records both branches of the family trace their ancestors from England back to the Holbrooks, who came over in 1624, and the Richardsons, who came in 1626, and members of these two well defined lines have fought in every war in this country from the Colonial and the Revolution to the late war with Spain. At the same time they have filled many civil positions of trust and profit with distinguished ability in the East. The paternal grandfather of our subject was born in New England, and coming to the then west he became a pioneer of St. Lawrence county, N. Y. The father of our subject was born in St. Lawrence county, was educated for a physician, but he preferred dentistry, which he practiced for fifty years in that county and at Watertown, N. Y., where his last earthly days were spent, and where he died highly respected, at the age of eighty years, on April 21, 1897. He was twice married, his wife, mother of our subject, in 1842, and leaving him the only issue of the marriage. By the second marriage he became the father of three sons. He was an ardent Democrat, and occupied several minor local offices as he attended to his profession. He was a personal friend of Governor Flower, Governor Beach, Horatio Seymour, and other prominent men of New York. He was a man of a high order of literary attainments, and published a book of poems ' called "Life Thoughts," which was widely read. He also contributed frequently to the leading magazines and newspapers. For some years before his death he occupied a pulpit of his native city and of neighboring towns, and was a Universalist in religion. Our subject was educated in the public schools of Watertown and the Jefferson County Institute. He first studied dentistry under Tiis father, then under his uncle at Waukesha, Wis., in i860, and finally graduated at the Philadelphia Dental College in 1867. He enlisted at the outbreak of the Civil war at the first call for ninety-day men, and then re-enlisted in the three years service and went to the front as a member of Company F, Fifth Wisconsin infantry. He served as sergeant of his company through the memorable campaign on the Potomac from July, 1861, to the fall of 1862, when he was promoted to the first lieutenancy of Company A, Twentieth-eighth Wisconsin infantry. He was afterward commissioned adjutant of the Thirty-ninth Wisconsin infantry, and at the time of General Forrest's daring raid on the city of Memphis, Tenn., he was acting assistant adjutant-general of the Fourth brigade at that place. In the fall of 1864 he was mustered out with an honorable discharge. In the same year he returned to Waukesha, Wis., and engaged in the practice of dentistry with his uncle, Dr. William D. Holbrook, until 1872. then coming to Milwaukee where he has since remained, which makes his the longest in point of service of any dentist in the city, where he enjoys the love, respect, and confidence of all his associates. He and the late Dr. C. C. Chittenden, of Madison, are the first two graduates of Wisconsin in dentistry. On Jan. 2, 1868, he married

Miss Josephine, daughter of E. P. and Abbie (Heath) Tenney, of Waukesha, Wis., both now deceased. This union was blessed with four children: Florence L., now Mrs. B. G. Poucher, Evanston, 111.; Arthur T., a physician, of Milwaukee; Ilortense, now Mrs. T. H. Spence, of Milwaukee, Wis. ; and Harold E., who is now associated in dental practice with his father in Milwaukee. Our subject and family are all members of the Congregational church, while in politics he is a Republican, never aspiring to any public position, however. He was a charter member and once president of the Wisconsin State Dental Association, being now an honorary life member; a charter member and now an honorary life member of the Milwaukee Odontological Society; a member of the Gitchie Gumee Club, which has a lodge on Brule River, Douglas county, Wis. ; and he has aided in establishing a number of local dental societies. He is a charter member of Lafayette Lodge, No. 265, Free and Accepted Masons ; a charter member and demitted member of Calumet Chapter Royal Arch Masons, and of Ivanhoe Commandery, Knights Templar ; a member of E. B. Wolcott Post, No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic; a member and once a commander of the Wisconsin branch of the Loyal Legion, in which he has held various other positions ; a member of the Association of the Fifth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and a member of the Association of the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry. Dr. Holbrook is the author of a popular and valuable work, entitled "Practical Information About the Teeth", the manuscript for which he gave gratis to the State Dental Society, which gladly published and endorsed it, and it was warmly received by the press. He has contributed freely to dental publications, and occasionally has prepared articles for the local press. He is a great student and an ardent lover of Nature in all her beauteous forms, an enthusiastic angler, and his vacations are generally in the pine forests and along the streams. He is a man of many parts, of splendid qualities and strong convictions, but, withal, gentle, generous, and tolerant of the predilections of others. Wherever we find him, whether at home in civil pursuits, or in the field of battle advancing from private to acting assistant adjutantgeneral of a brigade, or wielding the instruments of his profession and directing its destiny in his state, we always find him a leader and a commanding personality that measures up to the best standard of American citizenship.

Lorenzo Boorse, M. D., has been engaged in the practice of medicine at Milwaukee without interruption for a full quarter of a century, and he controls one of the finest practices in the city. In addition to his duties in this direction he officiates as Professor of Diseases of Children in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons at Milwaukee, and is a member of the staff of the St. Joseph Emergency Hospital and also the Milwaukee County Hospital. He was born in the town of Granville, Milwaukee county, on May 15, 1859, son of Henry and Mary (Price) Boorse, both of whom were natives of Montgomery, Pa. The family is of English extraction, and the earliest American ancestors migrated from the "tight little isle" and settled in the colony of New Jersey about 1750. The parents of the subject of this review came to Milwaukee county in 1846 and settled on a farm in the town of Granville, where they spent the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1887 at the age of seventy-four years, and the mother in 1896 at the age of seventy-seven. They were the parents of four sons and two daughters, of whom three sons and one daughter are now living. Dr. Boorse received his primary education in the public schools and completed a course at the Wauwatosa high school, after which he entered the German-English Academy at Milwaukee, where he took an academic course. Deciding then upon the practice of medicine as his life's profession he entered the Rush Medical College at Chicago and graduated in that institution with the class of 1881. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee in company with Dr. Solon Marks. Some time after this he left the city, but returned in 1884 and has since practiced continuously there. He was married in 1884 to Miss Alice Condit Pierson, who died on Feb. 15, 1896, leaving one daughter, Mary F. The Doctor then married Mrs. Anna Lieberman, whose maiden name was Clarke, daughter of William Clarke, a pioneer contractor of Milwaukee. This lady had one son, Hugo Clarke, by her first marriage. Dr. Boorse is a Republican in his political affiliations, and with his family is a regular attendant at the St. James Episcopal church. Among the professional organizations in which he has membership may be mentioned the American, the Wisconsin State, the Milwaukee County, the Milwaukee, and the Brainard Medical associations, and he is also a member of the American Association of Teachers on Diseases of Children. Fraternally he affiliates with the Masonic order, being a member of Ivanhoe Commandery in Milwaukee, and he also has membership in the Alpha Mu Pi Omega medical fraternity.

Arthur R. Wilson, M. D., physician and surgeon, No. 1053 National avenue, Milwaukee, Wis., was born in Belvidere, the county seat of Boone county, 111., on Dec. 29, 1857, and at this writing is almost exactly fifty years of age. He is a son of Moses and Mary (Quigley) Wilson, the former of whom was a native of Xew York and the lat'ter of Vermont. The father came west to Belvidere, 111., at an early date, was married there, and was for many years a respected citizen of that city, where he followed the vocation of a mason contractor. He died at Belvidere in 1869, and his widow is still living at an advanced age, in Chicago, 111. They were the parents of six children, three of whom grew to maturity and are still living. Dr. Wilson received his early education in the public schools of his native city, where he graduated in the high school. He then attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Chicago, and was graduated in that institution with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1886. After three years spent in the practice of his profession in Bessemer, Mich., he moved to Milwaukee, bought and built his present fine residence property, and has since been engaged in active and successful general practice. Strict attention to the details of his exacting profession, combined with studious habits and clear mental poise, have combined to place him among the leading and most respected members of the medical fraternity in Milwaukee. In politics he is affiliated with the Republican party, but has never sought public preferment on his own behalf, and he has taken little active part in political campaigns. He was married on April 10, 1883, to Miss Olive Langdon, of Defiance, Ohio, a daughter of David and Rhoda Langdon, both early pioneers of the Buckeye State, and now deceased.

E. Wells Kellogg, M. D., 420 Mitchell street, Milwaukee, is a descendant of old Colonial and Revolutionary families. His greatgrandfather and his great-great-grandfather both participated in the struggle for independence, and the latter was present at the execution of Major Andre. The parents, Rev. S. H. and Sarah L. (Loomis) Kellogg, were born in Vermont and New York state, respectively, and came to Illinois in the fifties, later removing to Minnesota and subsequently to California, where both died. The father was a clergyman of the Congregational church and the pastor of the church at Roscoe, 111., where Dr. Kellogg was born - - and at other places. After moving to Minnesota they established a Home Mission Seminary, in which both Rev. S. H. and Mrs. Kellogg taught. Dr. Kellogg, born Oct. 9, 1859, was educated by his mother, and was a student in the school of his parents until he was twenty years of age, when he entered Carleton College, at Northfield, Minn., in which he was graduated in 1885. Upon deciding to follow the profession of medicine he entered Rush Medical College at Chicago, in which he received his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1889, and immediately began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee at the place where he is now found, having maintained the same office for nearly twenty years. He belongs to the city, county, state, and national medical organizations, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Medicine ; other organizations of which he is a member are the orders of Free Masons and Odd Fellows. In politics he is a Republican, and he is a member of the Hanover Street Congregational church. On Feb. 14, 1889, he was united in marriage to Miss Estella Westcott, of West Concord, Minn., a daughter of Hon. E. W. Westcott, exmember of the Minnesota legislature. To the union the following children have been born: Neal Wells, Helen Sarah, Esther Rosalia, and Ruth Adelaide.

Walter H. Neilson, M. D., 114 Garfield avenue, Milwaukee, was born at Valcartier, Quebec, Canada, Sept. 4, 1857. His paternal great-grandfather was Hon. John Neilson, a native of Scotland, who came to Quebec before 1800. He was a prominent politician, a man of broad charities, and a great friend and benefactor of the Indians. He married Isabel Brown before he was twenty years of age, and later became a member of Parliament and of the privy council, and died in Quebec from disease contracted while minis- tering to the wants of the sufferers from Ireland. A brother of Mrs. Neilson, William Brown, was associated; with Benjamin Franklin in the publishing business in Philadelphia, and was the founder of the first paper in Quebec. This family of Browns was related to John Brown, of Harper's Ferry fame. The Neilsons were prominent people in Scotland, sufficiently so to attract to themselves the displeasure of high authority, and one Neilson was hanged on Dec. 16, 1660, and his castle was destroyed as a punishment for the crime of being a non-conformist. The parents of Dr. Neilson are Cornelius Brown and Margaret (Ireland) Neilson, both natives of Valcartier, Quebec, the former born on Aug. 12, 1835, and the latter on June 3, 1838. The family came to the town of Granville, Milwaukee county, in i860, and located on the farm now occupied by the father and mother. Of their family of nine children, seven are living. Walter H. Neilson was born on Sept. 4, 1857, in Valcartier, a town a few miles from the city of Quebec, and came to Wisconsin with his parents when he was about three years of age. His early education was obtained in the public schools of Granville, and his collegiate training at the University of Wisconsin ; later he studied under the preceptorship of Dr. Marks, of Milwaukee, and then entered Rush Medical College, in which he was graduated in 1881 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He established himself in Milwaukee, where he has since practiced his profession. In 1889 he assisted in the establishment of Trinity Hospital, and in 1893 °f the Milwaukee Medical College, now a part of Marquette University, and in connection with the college has filled the positions of president and dean and Professor of Internal Medicine. He belongs to the national, state, county, and city medical associations ; to the Brainard Medical Society ; the Northwestern Medical Society ; the American Medical Editor's Association ; the Wisconsin Academy of Arts, Letters and Science ; the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Forestry Association. In politics Dr. Neilson is a Republican and he is a member of the Cavalry Presbyterian church of Milwaukee. In his profession he holds high rank, both as a scientific student and a general practitioner. On Dec. 29, 1881, he was united in marriage to Miss Clara Thomas, and they have two children, George W. and Walter Parr.

William G. Doern, M. S., M. D., 227 Thirteenth street, Milwaukee, is a native of the state, having been born in Fond du Lac, Aug. 24, 1878. His parents, William and Amelia (Bargine) Doern, are both natives of Germany, coming to the United States in 1856 and locating at Jericho, Calumet county. The father was a soldier in the Civil war, in a Wisconsin infantry regiment. Dr. Doern received his preliminary education in the public schools and State Normal School at Oshkosh, then became a student at Marquette University, in which he was graduated with the degree of Master of Science. Later he entered the Keokok (Iowa) Medical College, taking his degree as Doctor of Medicine in 1902, and immediately began his practice at Madison, Iowa. In 1904 he was called to the chair of Anatomy in the medical department of Marquette University, and has since resided in Milwaukee, his special line of work being surgery. In politics Dr. Doern is independent, and his church affiliations are with the Methodist organization. In social and fraternal circles he is a member of the order of Free Masons, and of the Athletic Club of Milwaukee ; his professional associations are with the American Medical Association, and with the Wisconsin State, the Milwaukee County, and the Fox River Medical societies, and the International Congress on Tuberculosis, of Washington, D. C. Although young. Dr. Doern has taken an enviable position in his profession, and has before him a career of large usefulness and brilliant success.

Gustave Adolph Kletzsch, M. D., who has been a prominent physician of Milwaukee, and whose reputation has become national, was born in Newburgh, Washington county, Wis., Nov. 9, 1857. He is the son of Charles F. Kletzsch, a short review of whose career appears elsewhere in this volume in the sketch of Alvin P. Kletzsch, another son. Dr. Kletzsch received limited early educational advantages in the district schools in the vicinity of his home, limited because of having to leave school to assist his father in the conduct of his mill. Subsequently he assisted his father in the hotel business, but the labor was not congenial and he severed his connection to enter the hardware business. This industry furnished him a livelihood for three years. At the end of that period he began the study of medicine, entering the Bellevue Hospital Medical College in New York city. In 1882 he received from the trustees of that institution the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and he began his professional career by serving a full term in Randall's Island Hospital and in the Woman's Hospital of the state of New York, after which he began a general practice in New York city. In 1888 he studied in Berlin, Germany, under the eminent Prof. Rudolph Virchow, of the university of that city. On his return to New York the following year he was tendered and accepted an appointment as assistant-surgeon in the Woman's Hospital. Since that time he has devoted himself to the study and treatment of the diseases of women, and has won a wide reputation as a specialist in that branch of his profession. In the fall of 1896 Dr. Kletzsch again went to Euorpe to study pathology and bacteriology under Professors Virchow and Gunther, and he has since continued these studies in his own laboratory. He returned to Milwaukee in 1894, after the death of his father, and has since made this city his home, practicing as a consulting physician. Professionally Dr. Kletzsch is a corresponding member of the New York Obstetrical Society ; a non-resident member of the New York Academy of Medicine ; a non-resident active member of the Chicago Gynecological Society; and of the Milwaukee Medical Society. Socially he is identified with the Milwaukee and the Deutscher clubs and other organizations. On Aug. 29, 1890, Dr. Kletzsch was united in marriage to Miss Alma Blatz, a daughter of Valentine Blatz, of Milwaukee. To this union have been born five children, four of whom survive. The names of the children are as follows : Alma Louisa, Louisa Ida, Gustav A., Jr., and Marie Johanna. Dr. Kletzsch has given up his professional work and is devoting his entire time to the introduction of Nutricia Nursing Milk - made after the process of Prof. Backhaus, of Berlin, Germany - into the United States, Canada, and Mexico. He, with his brothers, own the sole rights for these territories, In order to produce this milk in as perfect a condition as possible he has established the Nutricia Farm at Thiensville, Wis , where milk is produced under the most sanitary conditions and hygienic surroundings. It is his purpose to also influence his neighbors in such a way that they will produce milk under similar conditions.

James S. O'Brien, M. D., of 331 Oakland avenue, Milwaukee, was born at Cold Spring, Jefferson county, Wis., on May 20, 1859. His parents, Patrick and Catherine (Kelley) O'Brien, were both natives of Ireland, the former born in 1820 and the latter in 1825. The father came to the United States as a young man, living for a time in Ohio, where he was employed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and he was personally acquainted with the late President Garfield when the latter was a boy. Both parents came to Wisconsin in the early forties and settled on a farm in Jefferson county, where the father became an extensive farmer and a prominent man in the county. He was always actively interested in politics and held the office of county treasurer for several years. He now lives retired, his wife having died in 1905. Of their family of seven - five sons and two daughters - all except one son are living. Dr. O'Brien acquired his early education ,in the public schools, and later entered the Whitewater Normal School, in which he was graduated in 1881, and for several years succeeding he was engaged in teaching. He later became a student at Rush Medical College, Chicago, taking his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1884, and he immediately began the practice of medicine in Milwaukee, where he has continued in his profesion ever since. The exacting nature of his practice does not leave him leisure for social life, and most of his associations are connected with the duties of his profession. He belongs to the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the Milwaukee County Medical Society. In 1895 he was united in marriage to Miss Julia Carroll, daughter of Thomas Carroll, of Milwaukee. Both of her parents are now deceased. To the marriage two children have been born, namely : Ruth Marie and Carroll J. Both the family of Dr. O'Brien and that of his parents are members of the Catholic church.

John McKean Niven, lawyer, with offices in the Free Press building, Milwaukee, is a native of Wisconsin, having been born in New London, Waupaca county, Nov. 14, 1879. His parents were James K. and Laura (Jeffers) Niven. The former, born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1855, died in May, 1902, and the latter, a native of New York state, died in 1880. The maternal grandparents were George and Belinda (Cadwell) Jeffers. George Jeffers came to Wisconsin from New York in 1855. He was a son of Thomas JefTers, a native of Connecticut, and a descendant of Judge Jefferys, of England, who was the founder of the family in America and who changed the name to its present spelling. Belinda (Cadwell) Jeffers was born in 1806, in Connecticut. She was the daughter of Phineas Cadwell, who served through the Revolutionary war. The Cadwell family is traced to Edward Cadwell, who, with his brother Matthew, came over from England on the Mayflower. The paternal grandparents, John and Jeanie (Mc- Kean) Niven, came to this country in 1870 and settled in Waupaca county. Both families have been in Scotland many generations. The grandmother died in August, 1908, and the grandfather still lives in Waupaca. James K. Niven came to the United States with his parents in 1870, living first in Waupaca county. He taught school several years, and later graduated at Rush Medical College and practiced as a physician and surgeon at Ironwood, Mich., which place was his residence at the time of his death. John M. was educated in the common schools of Sheridan, Wis., and the high school of Ironwood, Mich., and later became a student at the University of Wisconsin, where he graduated in the College of Letters and Science in 1900 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His legal training was obtained in the college of law, University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in which he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1903. He at once began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee and was associated with Edwin S. Mack for a year. He then practiced alone until the fall of 1907, when he became a member of the firm of Aarons & Niven, successors to the firm of Roemer & Aarons. They follow a general practice. In politics he is a Republican. While a student he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity and also of the Phi Beta Kappa honorary scholarship fraternity, and while in the University of Michigan was one of the editors of the Michigan Law Review, the legal journal published by the Department of Law of that institution. On April 20, 1904, Mr. Niven was married to Miss Ethel Dean Evans, daughter of Alfred D. and Mattie Isabel (Henderson) Evans, of Milwaukee. They have one son, James Kirkwook Niven, born on Dec. 10, 1907.

William H. Churchill, attorney, of Milwaukee, is a native of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and was born on Nov. 10, 1866. His parents are George M. and Agnes (Blackstock) Churchill, the former a native of New Brunswick and the latter of Ireland. They never resided in the United States. William H. Churchill was educated in the public schools of Canada, was graduated in the high school of Paris, Brant county, Ontario, and in 1886 in the Model School of Brantford in the same county. The latter distinctions gave him a teacher's certificate, and he followed that profession for two years, coming to Sheboygan, Wis., in 1889. On Jan. 1, of that year he entered the law office of Seaman & Williams at Sheboygan, and remained until the following autumn, when he went to Ann Arbor, Mich., where he entered the college of law at the University of Michigan, and was graduated in 1891 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. After graduating he went to Milwaukee and entered the law office of Joshua Stark, remaining with him about eighteen months and then forming a partnership with W. H. Bennett. In 1895 Mr. Bennett became assistant districtattorney, and the firm became Kleist & Churchill, so existing until 1898. At that date the old partnership was dissolved and a new one, Churchill & Donavan, was formed, which existed until 1905, when the present firm of Churchill, Bennett & Churchill was organized, the individual members being W. H. and Thomas T. Churchill and W. H. Bennett. In 1903 W. H. Churchill was appointed special assistant district-attorney of Milwaukee county to investigate charges of graft in connection with the building and management of the county hospital and other county institutions, to assist in the grand jury work of 1903 and 1904 and the prosecution of the graft and bribery cases. The grand jury brought in about 100 indictments against officials for bribery and malfeasance in office, and Mr. Churchill was employed in the trial of these cases during the remainder of the year 1904. In politics he is a Republican, but has held no office except that above referred to, of special assistant-attorney in 1903-04. In 1892, soon after locating in Milwaukee, Mr. Churchill was one of the organizers of the Milwaukee Law School, now the college of law of Marquette University. He is still a member of the faculty of the college of law, teaching pleading and practice, evidence, real property, Wisconsin statutes, and extraordinary remedies. More than one hundred students have been admitted to the bar from this college, and the class now pursuing legal studies numbers about one hundred. Mr. Churchill is not a member of any fraternal or secret societies, his church membership, that of the Methodist Episcopal, being the only organization to which he belongs, outside of those connected with his profession. On June 2, 1896, he was united in marriage to Miss Marie Hough, daughter of Henry and Anne (Saunders) Hough, of Paris, Ontario, and their two daughters are Agnes Blackstock and Ruth Hough. Mr. Churchill is recognized as a keen, logical, and honorable member of his profession, and in his seventeen years of residence in Milwaukee has thoroughly identified himself with the city which he selected as his home. The cases to which reference is made above, involving many officials, and his thorough work in connection with the same, gave him a wide reputation and brought him into notice especially throughout the state of Wisconsin.

John T. Kelly, the present efficient city attorney of Milwaukee, was born at Corning, Steuben county, N. Y., on Sept. 12, 1854. He is a son of John and Margaret (Ryan) Kelly, both of whom were born in Ireland, the former in County Kerry and the latter at Whitehall, County Tipperary. After completing his preparatory education Mr. Kelly studied law and was admitted to practice. He was exceptionally successful, and in April, 1906, was elected city attorney for a period of four years. This latter position he has filled with eminent satisfaction to everybody concerned. He was reared in the Catholic faith and is to-day a devout communicant of the church of that denomination. Professionally and fraternally he is very prominent, being identified with the Milwaukee Bar Association, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Catholic Order of Foresters, the Knights of Columbus, and the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association. On July 28, 1892, Mr. Kelly was united in marriage to Miss Jane McMillan, a daughter of John and Mary (Lavin)) McMillan, of Madison. To this union have been born two children, Esther E. and John T., Jr.

Eberhard John William Notz, D. D. S., one of the younger generation of dentists in Milwaukee, was born in this city on Oct. 22, 1880, and traces his ancestry back to an old German family, whose coat-of-arms consisted of the conventional shield, with four mountain-peaks arranged in the form of a cross, with two stars above the two horizontal peaks ; a knight's helmet is above the shield, which is in turn surmounted by a crown, and above that the half length of a man, holding in the one hand a start, and in the other a sheaf of grain. Dr. Xotz is the son of Rev. Eugene Adolph and Dorothy (Bading) Notz. The father was born in Haberschlacht, Wurtemburg, Germany, received his classical education at Geisslingen, and his philological and philosophical course at the seminary of Blaubeuren. In 1870 he came to the United States and entered Northwestern University, at Watertown, Wis., at which he graduated in 1873. The same year he entered Concordia seminary of St. Louis and was graduated in 1877, meantime having taught a year at the Northwestern University of Watertown. On July 15, 1877, he was ordained a minister of the gospel of the Lutheran faith and for a year held the charge at Menominee, Wis'. In the fall of 1878 he received a call to become professor of symbolic theology and exegesis of the Old Testament and inspector of the Lutheran Theological Seminary of Wisconsin, and he then removed to Milwaukee, where he lived until his death on Feb. 5, 1903. The mother, who was born in Dodge county, Wis., is a daughter of Rev. John Bading, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work, and her marriage occurred in December, 1879. Four children - a son and three daughters, Eugenie, Natalie and Helen - were born to the parents. The father was a member of the first library board of Wauwatosa, and was appointed by the first mayor, Emerson D. Hoyt. Dr. Notz received his preliminary education in St. John's Lutheran parochial school in this city, the public schools of Wauwatosa, and completed a four years' course in Northwestern University at Watertown, Wis. He then entered the dental department of Marquette University, and, on May I, 1903, the trustees of that institution granted him the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Since that time he has been must successfully engaged in his practice. On June 10, 1904, Dr. Notz became a member of the hospital corps attached to Troop A. First cavalry. Wisconsin Na- tional Guard, with the rank of sergeant, a position he still holds. In his political relations he is allied with the Republican party, but business affairs have never allowed him to become a candidate for public office of any nature. Reared in the Lutheran faith, he is today a communicant of St. John's Lutheran church. Professionally and fraternally Dr. Notz is identified with the Milwaukee County Dental Society, the Psi Omega dental fraternity, the Wisconsin Archsealogical Society, and the Schlaraffia Milwaukia. Dr. Xotz is unmarried.

Henry Franklin Whitcomb, 265 Martin street, Milawukee, was born in St. Lawrence county, N. Y., on June 26, 1848. He is the son of Henry Franklin and Maria Lydia (Torrey) Whitcomb, both of whom were born in Jefferson county, N. Y., the former on Oct. 1, 1820, and the latter on Sept. 3, 1818. On July 7, 1871, Mr. Whitcomb was united in marriage to Miss Lovisa Margaret Clock, daughter of James B. and Eliza Jane (Simmons) Clock, of Fond du Lac, Wis. The children of this union in the order of birth are as follows : Jennie Lovisa, Frank Eliza, Claire Louise, Jessie Maria, Anna, Edwin Reynolds, Henry Franklin, Martha Lillian, and Margaret.

Kenneth W. Jacobs, one of the prosperous business men of the Cream City and the owner of a large brass foundry, is a native of Wisconsin, born at Sauk City, Nov. 8, 1861. He is the son of Burley and Margaret Jacobs, the father having been born at Middlebury, N. Y., April 7, 1839, and the mother at Castle Polis, Ireland. Burley Jacobs was a miller by trade, who came to Wisconsin when a boy, with his father, who was a shipbuilder on the Erie canal. He started in as a cabin boy on the canal boats, but when his father bought a farm in Wisconsin at North Freedom, he accompanied him to that locality and assisted him in the development of that property. When he grew to manhood he invested his earnings in the milling business, and as this proved a success he bought a grain and produce warehouse at Sauk City and conducted this until 1865, when he sold out and went to Prairie du Chien, and there went into the tin-smith business with a brother-in-law, E. Morrison, wrho was located there. At that time Prairie du Chien was still one of the important Indian trading posts, and Mr. Jacobs, with keen business foresight, engaged in buying furs. His venture prospered, and in a short time he had accumulated a sufficient competence in that line to return to the east-central part of the state, where he bought grain for the Thompson Milling Company at Mazomanie for a number of years. From there he went to Platteville. Wis., where he bought out a mill and conducted it for twelve years, but as he desired to increase his field of activities he moved to Milwaukee in 1881, and was associated with the W. M. Brigham Company for three years. He soon saw the excellent business opportunities offered in the handling of cooperage stock and engaged in that vocation on West Water street. His business increased and he rented larger quarters at Fifteenth and North Canal streets. At the same time he en°a£red jn the manufacture of barrels, establishing' a plant at Nineteenth and St. Paul avenues, a second at the cement mills, and he also ran a third branch at Yankton, S. D., where large quantities of Portland cement were manufactured. In this branch of his business he was supported by William Plankinton. Mr. Jacobs continued to earn, on his various business enterprises until his death, July 4, 1893. He was deeply mourned by his family and his demise was a great loss to the community and his business associates. Kenneth \Y. [acobs received an excellent education in the public schools of Platteville, Wis., and after finishing' the common schools attended the State Normal school of that city. While a student in the State Normal he obtained an insight in the milling business, being associated with his father, which association continued until he came to Milawukee, where he entered the wholesale house of Dewey & Davis. Thirteen months later he became associated with the W. M. Brigham Company, commission merchants, in which company his father was a partner. He continued with this firm for three years, and then went to Sidney, Neb., with a company that was engaged in buyins: Western cattle for the Eastern market. A vear later he returned to Milwaukee and became a partner in his father's varied interests, and upon the latter's death bought out the entire business. He was appointed administrator of the estate, disposed of the plant at the cement works, and nine years later, in 1902, embarked in his present line, established his brass foundry and began to manufacture machinery. He bought out he Warner-Schenk Company, on Fifth street, combined it with his own, and located at 1820 St. Paul avenue, where he manufactures plumbing goods and specialties, steam water-guage protectors and Dale catch-basin traps. He holds several patents, covering the supplies he manufactures, and does a considerable business in automobile repairing. The buildings of the foundry and machine shops have several thousand square feet of floor space, and since its establishment the concern has grown steadily. In addition to the brass foundry business, Mr. Jacobs conducts the cooperage business in the original plant established by his father, the output of which is 300,000 barrels annually. Mr. Jacobs was united in marriage with Miss Clara Belle Leeman, of Milwaukee, on Nov. 25, 1886. To this union three children have been born: Burleigh, who is taking the mechanical course at the University of Michigan; Roy Merrill, and Kenneth, both at home. Mr. Jacobs' political affiliations are with the Republican party, of which he is a substantial supporter, and he is a member of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, and also of the Dealers' Club. He is prominently identified with the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Lafayette Lodge, Wisconsin Chapter, Kilbourn Council, Ivanhoe Commandery, Wisconsin Consistory, the Mystic Shrine, and he is Worthy Patron of Bethany chapter at the present time.

Robert Camp, president of the Milwaukee Trust Company, was born in this city on June t, 1859. He is the son of Hoel H. and Caroline Rebecca (Baylies') Camp, the former born in Derby, Yt.. on Jan. 27, 1822, and the latter was born in Montpelier, Vt. The paternal grandfather, David M. Camp, was a graduate of the University of Vermont and an attorney of prominence. As lieutenantgovernor of Vermont he organized the first state senate. The father, Hoel H. Camp, received his education in the Derby public schools, and when but fifteen years of age became junior clerk in a mercantile house at Montpelier. Later he was for various periods employed as a merchant's clerk in Boston and other Eastern cities, and then returned to Montpelier and became a partner in an establishment with Hon. Charles Paine, a former governor of Vermont. During the winter of 1852 and 1853 he disposed of his Eastern interests and migrated to Milwaukee to engage in the wholesale grocery trade. Within a year he sold out that business and became interested in the Earmers' & Millers' Bank, organized under the old state banking law. When the First National Bank, the first institution organized in Wisconsin under the national banking law, was created, the Farmers' & Millers' Bank was merged with it, and Mr. Camp became cashier of the new institution. When a new charter was taken out in 1882 the bank was reorganized and he was made president, a position he filled until his retirement in 1893. In January, 1894, he organized the Milwaukee Trust Company and was made its first president. Since becoming president of this latter institution Robert Camp, to whom this review is dedicated, has carried forward the same policies so ably promulgated by his father in the founding of the company, and has won a wide reputation as a conservative, able and sagacious financier. On Aug. 5, 1886, Mr. Camp was united in marriage to Miss Mary C. Ball, daughter of Edward H. Ball. To this union was born, on Jan. 10, 1889, a daughter, Caroline M., and on June 30, 1892, a son, Marvin M.

Christopher H. Starke, president of the Milwaukee Bridge Company, and one of the respected German-born citizens of Milwaukee, was born at Colenfeld, province of Hanover, on June 12, 1834, the third son in order of birth of the seven children born to his parents, Henry Frederick and Maria (Bues) Starke. What education he was able to obtain was in the excellent schools of Germany, and at the age of fourteen years he entered the employ of his father, who was a carpenter and contractor. He remained in that service for a period of five years and then determined to come to Milwaukee, whither his two brothers had preceded him in 1847. One OI the brothers, Frederick, had become established in the business of contractor, and in 1852 had brought the first pile-driver to the city. When Christopher arrived the first work assigned him was the operation of that machine. Within a year after his coming his father's death occurred, and the mother and the rest of the family of children migrated to Milwaukee. Among other jobs that the contracting firm of Starke Brothers did was the pier and dock work along the lake shore before the harbor entrance was constructed, and some of the bridge work of the old Milwaukee & Mississippi Railway Company. Upon the death of Frederick Starke in 1857 the brothers - Henry, Christopher, August and \\ illiam - together with a cousin, Frederick Bues, purchased the controlling interest in the company and the firm became known as Starke Brothers. In 1865 an old dredge was purchased from Fox & Howard in Chicago, and when refitted became the nucleus of a colossal dredging plant. The firm was variously named for some years afterward, and finally became incorporated under the name of C. H. Starke & Company, by which it is known today. Within the past few years Mr. Starke has devoted most of his time and attention to the development of the Milwaukee Bridge Company, of which he is still serving as president. On Dec. 25, 1856, was celebrated Mr. Starke's marriage to Miss Alicetine Obierheider, a native of Colenfeld, who came to Milwaukee in 1854 in company with Mr. Starke's mother. Eight children were the issue of this union, three sons and five daughters. In his political relations Mr. Starke gives an allegiance to the men and principles of the Republican party, but has never himself sought public preference. Reared in the Lutheran faith, he has for many years been one of the devout communicants of St. John's church of that denomination. Socially he is identified with the Calumet and the Old Settlers' clubs. Beside his beautiful home in Milwaukee, Mr. Starke has a fine residence on Pewaukee lake, where he spends his summers.

Frederick Vogel, Sr., deceased, was one of Milwaukee's most prominent citizens and is justly entitled to distinctive mention in the annals of her history. A native of Germany, he was born in Kirchheim, a province of Wurtenburg, May 6, 1823, and was the youngest son of Jacob and Elizabeth Vogel, both natives of the fatherland. His early education was acquired at the gymnasium, and he was afterward trained to the trade of a tanner, which vocation he followed for a number of years, learning every branch in detail. At the age of twenty-three he embarked for America, and after a lengthy voyage arrived in New York city in July, 1846. After a few weeks' stay in New York city he proceeded to Buffalo and found employment with his cousin in a small tannery, his duties being the buying of hides and skins and selling leather. His duties often called him to Chicago and Milwaukee, and being favorably impressed with the latter city and its inhabitants, he decided to make it his future home. The year of 1847 witnessed his arrival in this city, and in 1848, with his cousin, the late Guido Pfister, he embarked in the tannery business, building a small place on the banks of the Menominee river. This was the nucleus of what is now known as the Pfister & Vogel Leather Company. Frederick Vogel was a man of exceptional ability, naturally honest and industrious. He was quick to grasp the problems of the expanding commercial institutions of a developing and growing country. He readily gave his moral and financial support to many budding institutions of early times, institutions which have since developed into Milwaukee's soundest enterprises. In politics he was a Republican, and as a candidate of that party was elected to serve as a member of the Common Council in 1856, and as a member of the State Legislature in 1873. He held many other offices of trust and honor, both in public and private life. On March 13, 1850, Mr. Vogel was united in marriage to Mrs. August