Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 25 of 35)

Dresshel, and unto them were born seven children, of whom three daughters and two sons are now living. Frederick Vogel died on Oct. 24, 1892, in the sixty-ninth year of his age ; his death occurred on the return voyage from Europe on board the steamer Lahun. His remains were brought to Milwaukee for burial and he was laid to rest, deeply mourned by his family and a host of friends in all walks of life. His name is inseparably interwoven with Milwaukee's pioneer history as one of that class of sturdy German-American citizens who laid the real foundation for her commercial greatness.

Jacob M. Ball, a popular and well-known commercial traveler of Milwaukee, and a native of the same city, is descended from good old Bavarian stock. His paternal grandparents, Jacob and Margaret (Eich) Ball, lived all their lives on a farm in Bavaria. Jacob lost his first wife about 1837, and was then married to Margaret Karans, of Bavaria. Both died on the old homestead in their native land. Their son, John Ball, the father of our subject, was born on the farm in Bavaria, Aug. 24, 1836, and lived at home with his parents until 1857, when he emigrated to the United States. He first located at Johnstown, Pa., where he found employment on a farm for some time, and then came west to Aurora, 111., and there worked on a farm until 1861. He then went to Sheboygan, Wis., where he secured employment as a clerk in a hotel, and later did a commission business for some three years. In the year 1867 he moved to Milwaukee, which has been his place of residence ever since. He opened a saloon at 519 East Water street, and did a prosperous business there for a period of thirty-four years, retiring from active business in 1900. Politically he was always allied with the Democratic party, but never sought or held public office. He was reared a Catholic, and is a faithful member of St. Francis' Catholic Church on Fourth street. John Ball was married in 1864 to Miss Racina Bauer, a native of Wittenberg, Germany. His wife came to the United States with her parents in 1848, resided at Buffalo, N. Y., for six years, and then came to Milwaukee, where she met and married her husband. They reared a family of six children, as follows : Sophia, who is the wife of Rudolph Berniger, a Milwaukee brewer, and the mother of one son, Edward ; Jacob M., the second child, who is the subject of this sketch ; Mathias G., who has been a traveling salesman for the H. M. Wiltzius Company of Milwaukee for the past ten years, and who is married to Flildah Host, and has two children ; Catherine, who resides at the home, 699 Fourth street, and William, who also lives at home with his parents. Jacob M. was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and since leaving school has devoted practically all his time to his profession as a commercial salesman. He has traveled for both Eastern and Western firms in different lines, and his territory has covered most of Wisconsin, Michigan, North and South Dakota, and Iowa. He is one of the best known and most successful members of the traveling fraternity, and numbers his friends by the thousands. He was married on June 26, 1892. to Miss Julia Cullen, of Milwaukee, by whom he has had two children, the Misses Ethel and Jessie.

Biographical 7Oi

Gerhard A. Bading, M. D., Commissioner of Health of Milwaukee, was born in this city on Aug. 31, 1870. lie is the son of John and Dorothea (Ehlers) Bading, the former of whom was born in Berlin and the latter in Hanover, Germany. The father is a minister of the gospel of the Evangelical Lutheran faith, who came to the United States in 1853 and took his first charge at Calumet, Wis. In 1868 he came to Milwaukee and accepted the pastorate of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church, which charge he held continuously for the ensuing forty years, retiring in October, 1908, after an active life of more than fifty-five years. He still retains the presidency of the Synodical Conference of North America, a position which he has filled for the past twenty-six years. His wife is still living. Dr. Bading is the youngest of five children. When he had completed his preparatory course in the city schools he matriculated at the Northwestern LTniversity, where he took a general science course. His professional studies were pursued at Rush Medical College at Chicago, and the faculty of that institution granted him the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1896. Immediately after graduation he returned to Milwaukee to become resident physician of the Milwaukee (Passavant) Hospital, and after a year in that capacity he opened offices in the Germania Building for the practice of his profession. The same year he was appointed United States Examining Surgeon for Pensions, and also received an appointment as Adjunct Professor of Principles of Surgery and Surgical Pathology in the Milwaukee Medical College. This latter position he filled for four years, wrhen, in 1901, he accepted an appointment as instructor in surgery in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1902 he was made chief assistant in the surgical clinic of the college and advanced to the position of Associate in Surgery. Subsequently he was appointed Professor of Operative Surgery, which position he resigned in 1908, when the duties of his position of Commissioner of Health conflicted writh his work at the college. Since 1901 he has been an attending surgeon of the Johnson Emergency Hospital, and is at the present time also a consulting surgeon of the Milwaukee County Hospital. In 1906 he was appointed Commissioner of Health of this city, a position he still occupies. In his political relations Dr. Bading is a Republican, but has never sought to become his party's candidate for any public office. In December, 1895, Dr. Bading was united in marriage to Miss Carol Royal Clemmer, a daughter of Charles H. and Alice B. (Stafford) Clemmer, now residing at Springfield, Mass., but formerlv of Cincinnati, Ohio, where the paternal grandfather, Jacob H. Clemmer, was an old resident, having practiced his profession of attorney-at-law for more than fifty years. Dr. Bading is a member of the Phi Rho Sigma medical fraternity, and professionally is identified with the Milwaukee, the Milwaukee County, the Wisconsin State and the American Medical societies, also the Americal Public Health Association. He is likewise a member of the Blue Mound Country Club.

Fred W. Cords, the present incumbent of the office of clerk of the circuit court of Milwaukee county, was born at Milwaukee on Oct. 15, 1861, the son of Frederick William and Sophia (Lierm'an) Cords. Both parents were natives of Germany, and the birthplace of both was Mecklenberg. The father came to the United States in 1837 and to Milwaukee in the same year, and here he labored for a few years in clearing land for the early settlers. Then for a time he was connected with a pottery concern, but later gave up that work to become night-watchman for a number of business houses on Wisconsin street. He discharged this duty faithfully for twenty-five years, and then some years before his death retired to enjoy the well-earned fruits of his labors. His demise occurred on June 7, 1891, and his widow followed him into the great unknown on June 11, 1893. Hon. Fred W. Cords, the subject of this review, received the educational advantages afforded by the public schools of Milwaukee, and while still a youth secured a position in the James Morgan dry-goods establishment. He remained with that concern for a period of eight years, and during the nine years immediately following was associated with the Petley Shirt Company, four years of the time as manager and the remainder as secretary and manager. In 1893 ne severed his connection with the Petley Shirt Company to embark in the men's furnishing and hat business under his own name at 81 Wisconsin street. In 1896 he disposed of his interests to become manager of the Skidmore Shoe and Clothing Company, in the men's furnishings department of that store. When he gave up that position four years later it was to become manager and buyer for a similar department in the T. A. Chapman Company, and this position he filled not only with great satisfaction to the proprietors of the establishment, but also to their patrons as well. In the summer of 1906 Mr. Cords became the candidate for the Republican nomination for clerk of the circuit court and received a handsome endorsement in the primary election. At the election of that year he was given a large plurality over his Democratic and Social-Democratic opponents. Again in 1908 he received the nomination and was again elected in November. In 1906 Mr. Cords' platform was: "I am in favor of making this office a salaried office instead of a fee-and-salary office, and all fees collected should be turned into the county treasury, where they belong." Through his influence a bill making that requirement was introduced into the state legislature and became a law, and the fees, annually amounting to thousands of dollars, are now turned into the county treasury. In a social and civic way Mr. Cords is identified with the Millioki, the German Press and the Old Settlers' clubs, the Royal Arcanum, the Knights of Pythias, and Troop A, First Cavalry, Wisconsin National Guard. His religious views find expression in membership in the German Lutheran church. In July, 1890, was solemnized Mr. Cords' marriage to Miss Augusta Vogt, daughter of Frederick Vogt, a prominent grader and contractor of Milwaukee. Five children have been the issue of this union, Viola, the eldest, is a student in the third vear in the

East Division high school ; Ilene and Gertrude are attending the third district of the Sixth ward school; Frederick is in the kindergarten in the same school, and Robert is still a baby.

Edward S. Robbins is a highly respected citizen of the town of Wauwatosa, where he is engaged in farming, and he has achieved a high degree of success in that industry. He was born where he now resides on Sept. 25, 1868, son of Edward W. and Elsie N. Robbins, the former of whom was born at South Waterloo, Albany county, N. Y., and the latter on the east shore of Lake Champlain, in the state of Vermont. The father was born on April 24, 1825, and grew to manhood in his native county, receiving his education in the district and select school. In his early manhood he became a teacher and taught several terms of school in his native state, also following that profession for a time after his first removal to Wisconsin. He came to this state in 1850 and settled in Sheboygan county, where he purchased 160 acres of land, improved eighty acres of the same, and after living there until 1868 sold the farm and moved to Milwaukee county, purchasing the land upon which he now resides from a Mr. Hart. The land was purchased from the government by the Underwoods, who were early settlers of Wauwatosa. The farm he purchased consists of seventy-six acres, and he has highly improved it, erecting g'ood buildings, including two large houses with all modern conveniences, such as gas, steam or hot water heating, etc. The farm is well improved for dairy purposes, is located near the line of Waukesha county and also near the village of Elm Grove. Edward W. Robbins was authorized and administered the enlistment oath to a large part of Company F and was with it mustered into the United States military service on Oct. 25, 1862, by Capt. W. C. Ide, mustering officer, the company becoming a part of the Twenty-seventh Wisconsin infantry, which regiment left the state on March 16, 1863, being ordered to Columbus, Ky. It made an expedition to Cape Girardeaux to expel Confederate raiders and was sent to Snyder's Bluff in June for the siege of Vicksburg. It was attached to the Second brigade. Third division, Sixteenth army corps, and remained at Snyder's Bluff until after the capitulation of Vicksburg, soon after which it moved to Helena, and on Aug. 13 it was sent up White river to Little Rock, where it remained until March, 1864. It joined the "Red River" expedition as part of the Third brigade. Third division, Seventh corps, and it was in a skirmish near the Little Missouri river on the march to Camden, being also engaged in the action at Prairie d' Ane. It participated in the battle of Jenkins' Ferry and then returned to Little Rock, where it was stationed as a part of the Second brigade, First division. Seventh corps. On Oct. 3 it was ordered to reinforce Gen. Clayton's forces at Pine Bluff, but returned to Little Rock on the 22d and was detailed for railroad guard duty. Mr. Robbins was commissioned first lieutenant by Gov. Edward Salomon on Sept. t. 1862, and was acting regimental quartermaster a large part of his term of service, which expired on May 29, 1864. Then, after nineteen months of arduous service.

Mr. Robbins was honorably discharged and returned to his Wisconsin home, there to again take up the pursuits of a tiller of the soil, which he faithfully followed until his retirement from active participation in affairs in 1900. During his active career, aside from his private interests, he found time to devote to affairs of a public nature. For twenty-two years he served as secretary of the Wauwatosa Mutual Insurance Company, and he was also trustee of the Oliver Harwood estate for twenty years. A large portion of the increnent of this estate was given to the public library at Wauwatosa, which was named for Mr. Harwood, but after Andrew Carnegie gave a donation to the same institution the name Harwood was dropped, and it is now called the Wauwatosa Public Library. Mr. Robbins was clerk of the town of Wauwatosa five years, and virtually filled the office six years. The town then included what is now a part of the city of Milwaukee. Edward W. Robbins has been twice married; first in 1851, to Miss Susan Morse, of Westerlo, N. Y., who died in 1864, after bearing him three children, all of whom died in infancy. His second marriage was in 1865, to Mrs. Elsie N. Smith, and to this union one child was born, who is the immediate subject of this review. Mrs. Robbins died on June 24, 1907, and the husband and father now lives in retirement at the home of his only son, who operates and manages the farm. He is a member of the Congregational church at Wauwatosa, and his political views are those expressed in the platforms of the Republican party. Edward S. Robbins, whose name introduces this review, received his literary education in the AVauwatosa high school, after which he took a course at the Milwaukee Business College, thus fitting himself for the intelligent management of the interests which have fallen to his charge. Since leaving school he has remained devoted to the basic industry of agriculture, and the success which has been meted out to him is convincing proof that he chose wisely and well in selecting his life's vocation. He was married on Sept. 26, 1889, to Miss Edith M. Farries, daughter of William and Jane (Brown) Farries, the former of whom was born in Scotland, and the latter in Granville, Milwaukee county, being descended from Pennsylvania stock. The parents of Mrs. Robbins were married in Granville and are now living in AVauwatosa, old settlers of the place, now in practical retirement. The father was quite an extensive farmer, owning a farm, of 120 acres, but this he recently sold. To him and his excellent wife there were born five children, of whom Mrs. Robbins is the eldest, and one of whom, Jessie, died at the early age of two years. Mrs. Robbins attended the Normal school at Milwaukee for some time, but did not graduate, and she also taught school two years at Granville. Mr. and Mrs. Robbins- are the parents of four children: Robert E., born Sept. 5, 1890; Helen M., born Nov. 20, 1891 ; Chester F., born July 27, 1893, and Harry S., who was born on Dec. 5, 1895. ^n politics Mr. Robbins gives allegiance to the men and measures of the Republican party, and in religious matters himself, wife and daughters are members of the First Baptist church at Wauwatosa.

William Walter Webb, bishop of the diocese of Milwaukee, and successor to the Right Reverend Isaac Lea Nicholson, has attained note both as a clergyman and an educator. He was born in Germantown, Pa., Nov. 20, 1857, and is the son of William Hewitt and Esther Odin (Dorr) Webb. A number of the ancestors of Bishop Webb were participants in the Revolutionary war, and his great-great-grandfather, the Reverend William Walter, was chaplain of Harvard College and the first rector of Trinity Church, Boston. His maternal grandfather, Benjamin Dorr, was rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, for fifty years, and was elected bishop of Maryland, but declined. His father was, at the time of his death, vice-president of the Reading railroad. Bishop Webb received his early education at the Protestant Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. He entered the University of Pennsylvania in the class of 1879, leaving in his junior year to enter Trinity College, Hartford, in which institution he was graduated in 1882 with the degree of A. B. and B. S., taking his A. M. from the same college in 1885. He entered the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Conn., and finished his theological course in 1885, his ordination to the diaconate by Bishop Niles, of New Hampshire, immediately following. On Nov. 10, 1886, he was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Williams, of Connecticut, having in the meantime served as assistant at Trinity Church, Middletown, Conn. From 1886 to 1889 he was assistant to the Reverend Dr. Henry R. Percival of the Church of the Evangelists, Philadelphia; from 1889 to 1892 he was rector of St. Elizabeth's, Philadelphia; from 1892 to 1897 he was professor of Dogmatic Theology at Nashotah Theological Seminary, Nashotah, Wis., and from 1897 to 1905 was president of the same. During his term of office at Nashotah he was canon of All Saints' Cathedral, Milwaukee ; president of the standing committee of the diocese, and delegate to the general conventions of 1898, 1901 and 1904, being, however, unable to attend the convention of 1901. On Nov. 21, 1905, he was elected bishop co-adjutor of Milwaukee, and on the death of Bishop Nicholson, Oct. 29, 1906, Dr. Webb became the sixth bishop of the diocese. As bishop of Milwaukee he is president of the board of trustees of Nashotah House, Racine College and Kemper Hall. He is the author of "An Index to Electrolysis" (1882), of which there is a French translation: "A Guide to' Seminarians" (1887), and "The Cure of Souls" (1892).

Isaac Lea Nicholson, deceased, late bishop of the diocese of Milwaukee, in the Protestant Episcopal church, was born in Baltimore, Md.. Jan. 18, 1844, and was the son of John J. and Jane (Ricketts) Nicholson. He was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1869 and received the degree of D. D. from Nashotah House. He was married in 1880 to Adele Everett Ellicott, of Baltimore, who died in 1897. I" ^i he was ordained as deason, as minister in 1872, and was the assistant at St. Thomas church, Hanover, N.H., and at St. Paul's church, Baltimore, previous to his appointment to the rectorship of the Church of the Ascension, at West- minster, Md., in 1875. Removing to St. Mark's church, of Philadelphia, in 1879, he remained there until his election to the position of bishop of Milwaukee in 1891, he having previously, in 1883, been elected bishop of Indiana, but declined the office. Bishop Nicholson retained his position in Milwaukee until his death, Oct. 29, 1906. He was considered one of the foremost members of the Episcopal church in the United States, and his character was a compound of highly contrasted traits. While a churchman of the most pronounced Catholic type, yet his character had received a strongly Evangelical impress by his early training, his mother having been a Presbyterian and his father a low churchman. He was a shrewd man of business, exacting of the dues to the church, intolerant of opposition and maintaining a dignified reserve that many found impassable, yet he was a generous giver, full of sympathy for the suffering and exhibiting a large faith in human nature. While not a great preacher, he was a most effective one, and in spite of his high church learnings was evangelistic in his methods, it having been said of him that he was "a born exhorter." He was a financier of large powers, and during his episcopacy practically rebuilt the interior of the cathedral, paid off the debt upon the edifice and almost paid for the episcopal residence ; under his regime and Nashotah House entered upon a new era of prosperity and Racine College and Kemper Hall were re-established on a prosperous basis. While, unlike many prelates, he wrote no books or treatises, yet he was an indefatigable letter writer, and through a voluminous correspondence kept in touch with men and affairs everywhere. Following is an extract from an article of appreciation written soon after his death: "It is a proof of the bishop's real unselfishness that, dearly as he loved his diocese, he felt no unworthy pangs when he saw its affection turning, during his illness, to Bishop Webb. Rather it was a source of great happiness to him. There came to him from every parish, as he sat suffering in his chamber of the episcopal residence, letters telling of the place that his people were giving Bishop Webb in their hearts ; of the love and affection he received everywhere ; of the faith placed in him; of the honors paid him. And as he read these things, his face, seamed with pain, his eyes haggard with suffering and waiting, would light up with the rare old-time sweetness as he thanked God that his successor was well-beloved by those whom he himself had so long claimed as his 'dear people.' " His last illness was the result of overwork and his unwillingness to rest from the o-reat demands which had been so long sapping his strength. The last time that he appeared before the people was at the consecration of Bishop Webb. His son, Isaac Lea Nicholson, Jr., was with him during his last hours, and he was laid to rest at Nashotah beside his wife, who, nine years earlier, had been buried in the peaceful little cemetery at the mission.

John H. Theisen, pastor of the Church of the Holy Redeemer in North Milwaukee, was born in the town of Springfield, Dane county, Wis., on Feb. 22, 1872, son of Peter and Anna

(Schuetz) Theisen, who were born in Treves, Rhenish-Prussia, near the River Rhine, the former in 1823 and the latter in 1830. These parents were married in their native land and migrated to America in the late 40's, settling in the town of Springfield, Dane county, Wis., where the father followed the occupation of a farmer. There the father died in 1891 and the mother in 1893. Of the children born to these parents', Peter is a farmer in Dane county ; Anna K. married Richard Emerick and resides in Dane county ; Margaret S. married Jacob Reibly and resides at St. Mary's, Monroe county, Wis., and John H. is the subject of this review. The latter received his early education in the parochial school at Springfield Corners, in Dane county, and later attended St. Francis' Seminary in Milwaukee. He was ordained priest by Archbishop Katzer on June 21, 1896, and on June 24 said his first holy mass at St. Martin's church at Springfield Corners, Dane county. His first charge was at St. Michael's church as assistant pastor, in Milwaukee, where he remained three years, and then St. Catherine's church and St. James' church at Mequon, Wis., were intrusted to his charge, and in 1903, in addition to the others, he became the pastor of the Church of the Holy Redeemer in North Milwaukee. He removed to the latter place on Dec. 13, 1907, and now has but the one church - Church of the Holy Redeemer - in his pastorate. This parish was organized in 1897 by Father John F. Fischer, who was the pastor for two years, and then it was served by other priests from the city until 1903, when Father J. H. Theisen took charge. The church building of this parish was erected during Father Fischer's pastorate, and it is a commodious frame structure with a seating capacity of 350. It is supplied with a bell and a pipe organ, and, including all fixtures, cost in the neighborhood of $10,000. The parsonage has been built since Father Theisen took charge, and it, also, is a frame building, supplied with all the modern conveniences. The parish is in good shape financially, being encumbered by only a small debt, and in addition to the buildings mentioned, eight city lots are among the corporeal hereditaments. The parish is now composed of about sixty excellent families, most of whom are of the German nationality, but the preaching is almost exclusively in English.

Bryant Smith, M. D., a physician and surgeon of Milwaukee, was born on Jan. 16, 1865, in Louisville, Ky., where his father, Maj. Robert Smith, a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, and a paymaster in the United States army, was stationed at the close of the Civil war. The mother, Anna Wells Smith, born in Waterville, Me., is a descendant of John Bryant, one of the early settlers of the Plymouth colony. Several ancestors rendered distinguished services in the Colonial wars and during the Revolution, and two wrere distinguished physicians in their day. Dr. Bryant Smith was educated in the public schools of Davenport, la., and after a preparatory course at the Markham Academy, Milwaukee, entered Amherst College, graduating therefrom with the class of 1887. The following year he studied medicine with his uncle. Dr. Solon Marks, at Milwaukee, and then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, the medical department of Columbia University, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1891. In July of that year he began practice at Milwaukee, in the office of Drs. Marks and Ladd. Since 1896 he has been associated with that distinguished physician and surgeon, Dr. Solon Marks, who had provided for his education and has continued to give from his own knowledge and experience of forty vears practice. Dr. Smith has been surgeon to St. Mary's hospital, and since the foundation of the Milwaukee Children's Free Hospital in 1895, has served in the same capacity in that institution. He is a member of the national, state, county and city medical associations, of the American Academy of Medicine, Wisconsin Society, Sons of the American Revolution, and of several Greek letter fraternities and social clubs. He is a Republican in politics and a member of the Episcopal church. He married, on July 5, 1893, Mary A. Decker, a daughter of William H. and Sarah A. (Munday) Decker, of Davenport, la. Dr. Smith is reckoned among the most useful and reliable members of his profession, and is held in high esteem by his professional brethren and the general public of the city which he has chosen for his field of duty.

Byron O. Nobles, M. D., 633 Washington street, Milwaukee, is descended from one of the Wisconsin pioneers. His grandparents, John and Lydia (Brown) Nobles, came to Wisconsin in 1841 and settled in Racine county, where they spent over fifty years ; the former born in 1814, died in 1900. The parents, J. Oscar and Eliza H. (Parker) Nobles, the former born in Ohio in 1839 and the latter in Caledonia, Racine county, Wis., in 1842, are now living in the town of Raymond, Racine county. Dr. Nobles, born at Ives Grove, Racine county, on Dec. 12, 1863, attended the public schools of Racine county and the high school of the city of Racine, and later was graduated from the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee, following which he was elected to the office of superintendent of schools of Racine county, which position he filled in 1889 and 1890. Having decided to enter the profession of medicine he matriculated at the medical college of Northwestern University, Chicago, in which he was graduated in 1893 with the degree of M. D. He entered at once upon the practice of his profession in the city of Milwaukee, where he has since been in practice, and for the past nine years has been professor of obstetrics in the Milwaukee Medical College. On April 4, 1893, Dr. Nobles was married to Miss Mayme E. Neary, daughter of John and Nellie (Grogan) Neary, of Milwaukee, the latter of whom is deceased. To the marriage have been born four children : Oscar, Horace, Orrin and Forrest, the last three of whom are living - Oscar dying" at seven years of age.

Willard Thompson Nichols, M. D., residing at 549 Frederick avenue, Milwaukee, Wis., was born in Waukesha county on April 5. 1865. Fie is the son of Norman J. and Mary A. (Wallace) Nichols, who were numbered among the old and honored pioneer residents of Waukesha county. The parents were both natives of the state of New York, but came west with their parents during the early forties and settled on a farm in Waukesha count}-, where they lived up to the time of their death, respected and loved by all who knew them. The elder Mr. Nichols was a man of considerable local prominence, who always took a keen and active interest in political matters, and whose worth and standing in the community frequently placed him in public office. He died in 1904 at the advanced age of sixty-eight, having lost his wife eleven years before, in 1893. Our subject is one of four children, all of whom are living. The paternal grandfather of Dr. Nichols, after making his home in Waukesha county for a number of years, and where he was one of the first pioneers, went to the new state of Kansas before the war, and finally passed away there. He served throughout the Civil war as a volunteer soldier in one of the Kansas infantry regiments, enlisting in 1861, and was mustered out after the close of hostilities, having seen an abundance of hard service during the trying campaigns of the Trans-Mississippi region. Dr. Nichols was fortunate in that he received an excellent education, both general and technical. After completing the prescribed curriculum in the public schools of Waukesha, he took a course in the State Normal School at Whitewater and then engaged in teaching for a period of four years. At the end of this time he decided to take up the study of medicine, and to that end pursued the full course of study in the medical department of Northwestern University, graduating therefrom in 1894 with the degree of M. D. He then perfected his medical training by an extended period of hospital service. He acted as house physician at the Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago, for a year; he then went abroad and spent a year in one of the best hospitals in Vienna, Austria. Returning to the United States in 1896, he located in Milwaukee, and has been engaged in general practice here ever since. His superior educational equipment, combined with the practical experience gained in some of the best hospitals in the world, have stood him in good stead, and Dr. Nichols soon took rank as one of the most scholarly and skilled members of the profession in the city. By great industry and close application to the exacting details of his calling, he has built up a lucrative practice, which is growing from year to year. Dr. Nichols is a man of scholarly tastes and is deeply read in the literature of his profession. He always aims to keep well abreast of the latest scientific discoveries applicable to medicine and surgery, and applies the same in his every-dav practice, as far as the limits of sound conservatism permit. The doctor is today, though still a comparatively young practitioner, frequently called into consultation by the older members of the medical fraternity, and his skill in diagnosis has often proved of great value in the consultation room. In the matter of politics he is not allied with any of the present parties, but his warm support can always be depended upon in favor of the best men and measures. His independence politically is characteristic of the man, as he is accustomed to do his own thinking", and then acts in accordance with well-reasoned conviction. In religion he conforms to the Presbyterian faith, and is a liberal supporter of that church. He was married on Sept. 12, 1898, to Miss Eva Brownell, daughter of David and Maria (Smith) Brownell, well-known residents of the Cream City. Dr. and Mrs. Brownell have a charming family of three small children : Lee, Marjorie and Helen, and their home life is an ideal one. Dr. Nichols possesses a genial nature and derives much pleasure as well as profit from his numerous fraternal, club and professional associations. He is a member of the American Medical Association, together with its city, county and state branches ; of the Nu Sisrma Nu Greek letter fraternity ; the Modern Woodmen of America; the Royal Arcanum; the Independent Order of Foresters ; the Knights of Pythias, and the University Club of Milwaukee.

James F. Malone, M. D., a practicing physician in West Allis, the beautiful suburb of Milwaukee, was born at Hannibal, Mo., on Dec. 26, 1862, son of John and Mary (Monaghan) Malone, the former of whom was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, and the latter in the province of Quebec, Canada. The father, in company with his brother, Andrew, migrated to America in 1848, settling first in the state of Massachusetts, but after a short time there moved "around the Horn" to California, being attracted by the recent gold discoveries. After remaining in the Golden State three years he came to Wisconsin and settled at Waterford, where he spent the remainder of his life, excepting a short period of temporary residence in Missouri during the 6o's. Himself and wife both died at Waterford, he in 1883 and she in 1900, and they were the parents of five sons and five daughters, of whom four sons and four daughters are living. The maternal grandparents of the subject of this review were William and Mary Monaghan, both natives of County Monaghan, Ireland, from whence they migrated in an early day to Canada, and came to Wisconsin in 1849, locating at Rochester, in Racine county. Later they removed to Virginia City, Nev., where the grandfather engaged in mercantile pursuits and where he and his wife both died. Dr. Malone received his education in the public schools of Waterford, Wis., and at the Rochester Academy. He began his independent career by engaging in business in Waterford, which vocation he followed five years, and then he served as superintendent of the Racine County Insane Asylum for a period of eight years. While thus engaged he began the study of medicine and in clue time entered the Milwaukee Medical College, in which institution he graduated in 1902. Then immediately opening an office for practice at West Allis, he has >ince been so engaged with unqualified success, applying to the discharge of his duties not only a well-grounded and thorough technical training, but a practical knowledge gained by participation in the general affairs <.f life. Pie was married on April 20, 1887, to Mi-- Minnie E. Palmer, of Waterford, Wis., daughter of

Nelson H. and Sarah (Curtis) Palmer, both of whom were natives of New York state, the former being- born in I 'lieu and the latter in Oswego. They settled in Waterford, Wis., in 1836, and there spent the remainder of their lives. Dr. Malone is a Republican in his political views and his religious affiliations arc with the Roman Catholic church. Among the professional organizations with which he is connected may be mentioned the Milwaukee County, the Wisconsin State, the American and the Brainard Medical associations, and he also has membership in the Knights of Columbus, Catholic Knights, Modern Woodmen of America and the Royal Arcanum.

John A. Davitz, who is one of the typical representatives of the German-American type that has formed such an important factor in the development of this great state, is a native of Wisconsin, born in Milwaukee on Nov. 4, 1877, tne son °f John and Caroline (Marquardt) Davitz, who were both natives of West Prussia, the land of that beauty which is famous in song and story. They were reared and married in the fatherland, where the elder Davitz served in the German army with great credit to himself, being honorably discharged at the expiration of his period of service. They came to America with that great wave of migration that brought so many of the sturdy sons of Germany to the new world and furnished it with so many useful citizens. John Davitz located in Milwaukee soon after his arrival, in 1866, and here he continued to reside until 1884. In that year be bought a farm of twenty-one acres in the town of Greenfield and continued to conduct it until 1890. During the years he was on this homestead Mr. Davitz applied himself closely, and by hard work and close application succeeded in accumulating sufficient capital to buy a farm of no acres in section thirty-six, town of Franklin, where he resided the remainder of his life. He wras a Republican in politics, in which he took an active interest, and with his wife belonged to the Lutheran church. They had a family of twelve children, of whom five are still living: Mrs. Augusta Seefeld ; Otto Davitz, of Oakwood, Wis. ; Gustav, of the town of Franklin ; John A., the subject of this sketch, and Edward, who lives in Oakwood, Wis. Our subject attended the Eleventh ward school in Milwaukee and completed his education in the district school of Greenfield and the Oakwood high school, in which he was graduated in 1803. Subsequently he finished a course in the Williams Business College of Milwaukee, and in 1894 he taught school for one term, but a business career seemed to have more opportunities, and he engaged in well drilling with gratifying success for the next five years. The elder Davitz's business had increased so that in tSqq he took his son on the farm with him. and at the present time John has the entire charge of his father's farm of no acres of land, where general farming is conducted in connection with the breeding of pure-blooded Berkshire hogs and other stock. Mr. Davitz gives an uncpialified allegiance to the Republican party and takes an active part in the affairs of the town. Tie has been town clerk for three years and is still the incumbent of that office, and he is also president of the Oakwood high school board. On Nov. 30, 1901, Mr. Davitz was united in marriage with Jane, the daughter of William and Augusta (Nell) Ninnemann, of Milwaukee. Two daughters have come to brighten their home : Meta, born on May 28, 1903, and Edna, born June 30, 1908. The family are Lutherans and belong to St. John's church of Oakwood, which is the oldest Lutheran church in the state of Wisconsin. Mr. Davitz has the honor to be one of the church trustees.

Fred Lueneburg, a prosperous farmer of the town of Oak Creek, who owns and operates a threshing outfit, was born in Milwaukee, Wis., May 17, 1854, the son of John and Minnie (Bergholtz) Lueneburg, both of whom were born in Germany, in 1830 and 183 1, respectively. John Lueneburg was reared to manhood in the Fatherland, and when twenty-two years of age immigrated to the United States and located in Milwaukee, where he worked as a laborer for some time and then settled on the Washington road and cleared a farm. In later years he moved to the Kilbourn road, where he died in 1908. His widow still lives. Fred, the subject of this review, was the oldest of the nine children born to them, only three of whom are still living: Fred, Mary and William. Fred received the benefits of the training afforded by the public schools of Milwaukee county, and after his studies were finished, learned the carpenter's trade and followed this vocation until 1884. He was an excellent business man and accumulated sufficient capital to buy a farm, and he then located on eighty acres in the town of Oak Creek, where he follows general farming in connection with his son, Fred, Jr. For about thirty years Mr. Lueneburg hasloperated a threshing outfit in connection with his farm, and he is one of the most successful men in the business. On May 17, 1877, Mr. Lueneburg was united in marriage with Rosalia, the daughter of Henry and Dorothy Schmeling, residents of the town of Lake. Mrs. Lueneburg's parents were born in Germany, but immigrated to America and settled in the northern part of Milwaukee county about 1847. Subsequently they moved to the town of Lake and settled on 100 acres of land, where Mr. Schmeling lived until he passed away in 1905. His widow is eighty-six years old and lives with her daughter, Mrs. Lueneburg, who had four brothers and four sisters. To Mr. and Mrs. Lueneburg have been born three children: Fred, Jr., who has fifty acres of land his father bought, was married on Nov. 14, 1906, to Miss Emma Vollmer, and they have two children, Alfred and Elsie ; William, born in 1887, and Lena, born in 1889. Mr. Lueneburg is a stanch member of the Republican party and has held the responsible position of town treasurer for two years. Both he and his family are members of the Lutheran church.

John R. Norman, a successful contractor and builder of the South Side, Milwaukee, is a native of the province of Wermland, Sweden, born on Feb. 11, 1857, the son of Nels and Mary (Larson) Norman. He was reared to manhood in his native land, where he attended the common schools, and he also graduated from an agricultural college in 1878. During his minority he served an apprenticeship of several years at the carpenter's trade, and in 1880 decided to come to the United States in search of wider opportunities. He located first at Muskegon, Mich., where he worked at his trade as a journeyman for some eight years, and he also served for two years as a member of the city constabulary force. In 1890 he was appointed under-sheriff for Muskegon county, in which capacity he served for three years, and afterward as deputy sheriff for a period of two years. In 1893 ne entered the employ of Stewart, Hartson & Company, as carpenter foreman, and for one year supervised their docks and buildings at Muskegon. In the summer of 1896 he moved to Chicago, 111., where he was engaged in the contracting business for a year and a half, and in 1898 came to Milwaukee, which has been his place of residence and business ever since. Here he first worked at his trade as a carpenter for three years and then again engaged in business as a contractor on his own account. He has met with excellent success in this line of work, and merits and receives the confidence of the general public. Mr. Norman was married on Feb. n, 1888, to Miss Augusta, daughter of Anders and Mary (Lundberg) Anderson, of Sweden, and they are the parents of three children: Hattie E., Hilmer W.s and Harold C. Mr. Norman is a zealous adherent of the Swedish Lutheran church, and he is treasurer of the Framdt Swedish Society. In politics he is a staunch Republican.

Michael M. Rozewski is the popular proprietor of the shoestore at 447 Mitchell street, and he is the son of Anton J. Rozewski, who is also engaged in the shoe business on Mitchell street. Anton J. Rozewski is a native of Poland, as is also his wife, nee Victoria Gorney. They arrived in the United States in 1878 and soon established themselves in Milwaukee, which has since been their home. A fine family of nine children blessed their home, and these children bear the following- names: Michael M. ; Rosa, wife of Walter Borys ; Annie, Joseph, Thaddeus, Maximilian, Peter, Helen and Stanley. Mr. Rozewski engaged in the shoe busines in 1893 and has built up a thriving trade. Michael M., the subject of this sketch, was born in Milwaukee on Sept. 6, 1882, attended the parochial schools and the Milwaukee business College, and entered his father's store as a clerk. This position he filled untill 1906, when he decided that better opportunity for advancement would be afforded him by an establishment of his own, and he accordingly embarked in the shoe business independently on Mitchell street. He has occupied his present location since Jan. 20, 1908, and in his new location has a modern and up-to-date store, equipped with every convenience which can aid in giving satisfaction to his aptrons. He is rapidly acquiring a large list of customers, and his motto. "Better Shoes for Less Money," is fulfilled by his attractive stock. Mr. Rozewski keeps fully abreast of the changing fashions in shoes and is capable of satisfying the most fastidious of his patrons. His success in his business is assured by his careful attention to the needs of his customers and his thorough understanding of his busines. He is a member of St. Stanislaus Polish Roman Catholic church and of the Catholic Order of Foresters. He also belongs to the Knights of Columbus. Mr. Rozewski is not allied with any political party, but nevertheless takes an active interest in political questions and o-ives as much time to their study as the demands of his business will permit.

Sylvester J. Wabiszewski is a prominent mason contractor and builder, located at 880 Twenty-second avenue, Milwaukee, who has erected many large and handsome structures in Milwaukee and elsewhere, and he is also favorably known as an experienced layer of cement and concrete. He was born in Posen, German Poland, Dec. 24, 1865, attended parochial schools and an architectural training school in his native land, and also served a three-years' apprenticeship at the mason's trade. At the age of twenty years he embarked for the United States. He settled in Milwaukee, where he was followed in 1889 by his parents, Frank and Antonia (Wiliech) "Wabiszewski, who still reside there. Frank Wabiszewski opened a shoe store on Fifth avenue, where he has built up an extensive trade and where he is still located. He has a family of two sons and one daughter : Sylvester J., Michael, and Lotty. Sylvester J., the subject of this sketch, was employed as a journeyman mason upon his arrival in Milwaukee, and it was not until 1892 that he opened an office of his own. During his first years in Milwaukee he received private instruction in English from Prof. Derfler. The excellent construction of the buildings upon which he was engaged soon won for him a large patronage, and the success which has attended him has been earned by the character of his work. Among the important structures which Mr. W^abiszewski has erected may be mentioned the following churches and factories : St. Vincent's church and St. Lawrence's church in Milwaukee ; St. Michael's church in Beaver Dam ; the Church of the Holy Ghost in Milwaukee ; the building of the Sisters of St. Dominic at Corliss, Wris. ; the convent at St. Francis, Wris. ; the Grand Marble Works in Milwaukee ; one of the large shops of the Allis-Chalmers Company at West Allis ; the Walter Manufacturing Company's plant ; the Feller & Stowe factory ; the Northern Glass factory ; the Judge & Heyer factory ; the Prosser furniture store ; the Kunzelmann & Esser building, etc. Mr. Wabiszewski also superintended the building of his own handsome dwelling at 880 Twenty-second avenue, and three of the public school buildings of Milwaukee. He has also made a specialty of cement and concrete work, and many miles of cement walks in Milwaukee have been laid by his men. The most careful thought and study are given by Mr. W^abiszewski to the planning and execution of the work undertaken by him, and the results testify to the skill and experience brought to bear upon it. In 1891 Mr. Wabiszewski was married to Miss Mary Neuman, daughter of John Neuman, of Beaver Dam, and six children have blessed their home; Frank, who is pursuing his studies at Marquette College; Lombard, Raphael, Amelia, Rose, and Edmund.

The family are members of St. Vincent's and the I toly Ght)st Roman Catholic churches, and Mr. Wabiszewski belongs to the Polish Alliance. He was one of the organizers of the Mitchell Streel Hank, of which he is vice-president. In political sympathies Mr. Wabiszewski is allied with the Democratic party.

John C. Kleczka, the genial state senator of the Eighth district, was horn in the Cream City, May 6, 1885. He is the eldest of the six children of Michael and Agnes (Wiza' Kleczka, both natives of the province of Posen, Germany, and pioneer Polish residents of Milwaukee. The other children of the family were Edmund, Mary, Leonard, Helen and Casimir. John C. Kleczka received his primary education in St. Stanislaus' parochial school, and in 1905 was graduated at Marquette College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then pursued a course of study at the Catholic University of America, located at Washington, D. C, and in June, 1906, he received the degree of Master of Arts. Upon his return to Milwaukee that year he was appointed deputy clerk of the courts, and the manner in which he filled the duties of that office reflects great credit not only upon himself but also upon the wisdom of his superiors in making the appointment. Fraternally Mr. Kleczka is prominently identified with many organizations, notably the Modern Woodmen of America, of which he is state secretary. Among his Polish countrymen he is an active leader, being an ardent member of many of their national and church organizations. He is also one of the directors of the South Side Civic Association, and a member of the legislative committee of that association. St.

Vincent de Paul's Roman Catholic church has no more zealous member than Mr. Kleczka. He is deeply interested in politics and is known throughout the city as one of the most influential members of the local Republican organization. At the primary election of Sept. 1, 1908, he was the choice of a majority of the Republican voters of the Eighth district for the state senate. At the ensuing November election he was the successful candidate and was chosen state senator, although the district was carried by Bryan and the Democratic ticket generally. Because of his youth and the additional fact that his opponent, William H. Graebner, whom he defeated, is a very prominent Democrat with an extensive acquaintance, the victory of Mr. Kleczka is considered a remarkable feat, and politicians look to him as a new and powerful factor in future county politics. His unassuming disposition, kindness and ability have won him many friends and admirers, and a promising future seems to be assured him. He is considered one of the most progressive members of theiupper house of the state legislature, and will doubtless prove a highly useful and influential representative. Emil H. Klamp, now serving as village clerk of North Milwaukee, was born in the city of Milwaukee, Wis., on June 15, 1879, the son of Charles and Augusta Klamp, natives of Germane. Several of his maternal uncles are veterans of the Franco-Prussian war. His father came to the United States about the year 1867 and settled in Milwaukee, where he continued to reside up to the time of his death. He met and married his wife in Milwaukee, and by her he had six children, of whom four are still iving, to-wit : Robert, Adolph, Emil H., and William ; two daughters, Oiga and Bertha, are deceased. Charles Klamp followed the business of a general carpenter contractor, in which occupation he, met with excellent success, and his skillful handiwork is to be seen in many parts of the city today. He was a member of the , Evangelical Trinity church, corner of Fourth and Lee streets, and was a sincere and earnest Christian all his life; he , was also a member of the fraternal order of the Sons of Hermann. His death took place on Feb. 4, 1890. His widow now resides at No. 724 Eighth street, Milwaukee. Emil H., the subject of this sketch, attended the Tenth district school as a boy, and also 1 studied bookkeeping at home during his spare hours. At an early age he began to make his own livelihood, and first worked for a number of years in a shoe factory. His next employment was that of clerk in the office of the Western Union Telegraph Company, followed by a term of service in a bicycle factory, and then in the employ of a bridge construction company. Ever since March, 1900, he has resided in the village of North Milwaukee, where he first received the appointment of constable, and has since been chosen village clerk for 1 four successive terms. Like his father before him, he has always been a staunch Republican in politics, and in addition to the offices above enumerated, he has served as a delegate to the assembly convention. He belongs to the same religious denomination as his parents (Evangelical). Mr. Klam is a popular member of the North Milwaukee fire department, a member of the Independent Order of Foresters, and is president of the Pottawatomie Tribe of North Milwaukee. He was united in marriage on March 31, 1900, to Miss Crescentia, daughter of Michael and Barbara Becker, of Milwaukee, and he and wife are the parents of three bright children : Margaret, aged seven years ; Erwin, aged two, and Gladys, the baby. ;

Charles Eggert, one of the popular and prosperous business men of North Milwaukee, Wis., was born in the village of (North Milwaukee, July 9, 1872, and spent all the early years of his life at home on his father's farm. His parents, Peter and Sophia (Poltz) Eggert, were born and reared in the city of Mecklenberg, Germany, but were married in Milwaukee after coming to the United States. Before leaving the old country the father was employed as a watchman on a railroad. In 185 1 he came to the United States and was employed in various occupations for a period of two years in the city of Milwaukee. He then moved to the region now known as North Milwaukee, where he settled on a farm of some 110 acres, which he acquired from seven different parties. This wras in the early pioneer days, when everything was in the rough, and Mr. Eggert wrorked hard for a number of years in clearing and improving his land; and here Mr. and Mrs. Eggert continued to reside with their family until 1897. In that rear he embarked in the coal, lumber and building material business, which he conducted with energy and success until his son, Charles, bought him out in 1903. By the exercise of hard work and shrewd business foresight, he attained wealth and prosperity, and was essentially a self-made man. He held the respect and esteem of all who knew him, and was one of the substantial members of the community in which he lived so many years. In politics he was a life-long Republican, and served as the first treasurer of North Milwaukee after the organization of the village. He was a sincere Christian, and was a faithful member of the German Lutheran church up to the time' of his death, which occurred on Oct. 6, 1905. His faithful widow is still living at the advanced age of eighty-three years. Our subject, Charles, is one of a family of six children, all of whom are living. Fred is a farmer in North Milwaukee ; Henry resides in the city of Milwaukee ; William is a farmer in Granville, Wis. ; Helmuth is in the saloon business at North Milwaukee, and Mary is the wife of Charles Hibner, of the city of Milwaukee. Charles attended the schools of his native village, and lived at home on the farm until he was twenty-three years of age. In 1897 he became associated in business with his father at North Milwaukee, and finally bought him out in 1903, as above stated. Under his efficient management the business has continued to prosper and grow, and has now attained to large proportions. He deals in fuel, lime, cement, stucco, brick, tile, sewer pipe, baled shavings, etc. Mr. Eggert is affiliated with the Republican party, and is a firm believer in the principles of that political organization. He has served as treasurer of North Milwaukee for two years, and also as trustee for two years. Like his parents, he is a faithful member of the German Lutheran church, and is one of its warmest and most generous supporters. Mr. Eggert was united in marriage in November, 1895, to Miss Mary, daughter of John Schroeder, of Wauwatosa, and they are the parents of two daughters, Lydia and Gertrude. He is a highly popular citizen of the northern suburb and has a large number of warm friends. He is endowed with plenty of hard, common sense, inherited from his sturdy German ancestors, is a man of unquestioned business integrity, fair and honorable in all his dealings with his fellow men, and he represents a fine type of our best and most substantial American citizenship.

Harry Grose, foreman of construction for the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company, and one of the most popular citizens of North Milwaukee, was born in the village of Keswick, Ontario Province, Canada, Jan. 3, 1867. His parents, Matthew and Jane (Rundel) Grose, were both natives of England, and are both little more than a memory to our subject, as they died while he was still a small child. His father lived for a time in Keswick and other places in Canada, where he followed his trade as a cooper, and then took his family back to England once more, when Harry was only a year or two old. Both parents died in England shortly afterward. Harry received a good common school education, and learned the carpenter trade early in his youth. He worked at his trade in England until about 1888, and then went to Canada for a while, and later to Coopersville, Mich. He was employed in the capacity of bridge carpenter by different railroads for several years, and was also located at Muskegon, Mich., where he did a carpenter-contracting business. He next went on a prospecting tour through some of the western and southern states, in 1891, and on his return located in South Milwaukee, where he erected a number of houses. In the fall of 1892 he located in North Milwaukee, Wis., which has since been his place of residence. For many years past he has been in the employ of the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company, and for a period of seven years has been foreman of outside construction work for the company. He is one of their most efficient and trusted employes and handles his difficult and responsible work to the entire satisfaction of the company. He is a firm believer in the principles of the Republican party, and has taken a very active interest in politics for many years. His popularity with his fellow citizens is well attested by the fact that he has completed his third term as president of the village of North Milwaukee. Mr. Grose also has held the office of police justice. He is a faithful member of the Episcopal denomination and an attendant on the Church of the Nativity, his wife being a member of the Evangelical church. He belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America. His marriage took place on Dec. 22, 1895, to Miss Minnie Block, a resident of Green Lake county.- Wis., and this union has been blessed with three sons : Allen W., Henry and Matthew.

Fred Sindorf, one of the trustees of the village of North Milwaukee, and a popular citizen of that thriving suburb, was born in the city of Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 10, 1865. He is the only surviving son of Jacob and Mary (Klump) Sindorf, both of whom were natives of Prussia ; his brother Jacob died 'at the age of sixteen and his brother George died in 1888. His father followed the vocation of a farmer in the Fatherland, and emigrated to the United States during the early forties. He was one of the earliest pioneer citizens of Milwaukee, where he followed the pursuit of a lathing contractor up to the year 1898, when he retired from active business. He subsequently made his home with his son Fred up to the time of his death, which occurred in August, 1905. He was an earnest Christian and a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church at the time of his death. He had been allied with the Republican party from the time of the organization of that political party before the Civil war, but never sought or held public office. Our subject's mother departed this life some fourteen years before her husband, in December, 1891. Fred was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee, and when still a lad assisted his father in his work. He was later employed for about a year and a half in a Milwaukee furniture factory, and then worked as a carpenter in the city until 1892. In the latter year he moved to North Milwaukee and there entered the employ of the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company, by whom he was sent to Houghton, Mich., for a year. Returning to North Milwaukee once more, he worked for the company as a templet maker until 1903, and was then appointed shop inspector, a position which he still retains. His present responsible position is the result of years of faithful and efficient service, and Mr. Sindorf is one of the most valued and trusted employes, holding the entire respect and confidence of his superiors. He" is allied with the Republican party and has taken quite an active interest in politics for several years, being elected trustee of the village of North Milwaukee in 1900 and 1901, and he is at present serving again in the same capacity. He is not a member of any of the orthodox religious denominations, but attends the Presbyterian church, of which his wife is a zealous and active adherent. He is a member of the Milwaukee lodge the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Sindorf was married on Oct. 29, 1887, to Miss Rachael Sherwood, a lady of English birth, and they are the parents of five children, to-wit: Fred, Jr., Bessie, Albert, Raymond and Hazel.

Byron R. Godfrey, president of the Citizens' Bank of North Milwaukee, is a descendant of one of Wisconsin's prominent pioneer families. His grandfather, John Godfrey, was one of seven brothers who settled in the town of Lima, in Rock county, and became prosperous farmers in that thriving section. Of Scotch-Irish descent, the Godfrey family was allied with the Presbyterian church and associated with every undertaking for the benefit of the community. Peter A. Godfrey, father of the subject of this sketch, married Amelia Hawk, also a native of Rock county, and three children were born to them : Byron R. ; Wesley, who also resides in North Milwaukee ; and Annie Grace, who makes her home with her parents. Death called Mrs. Godfrey in 1880, and Mr. Godfrey later married Miss Bell Petherick, of Rock county. Two children blessed this union, Pearl and Oneita. Mr. Godfrey was never an aspirant for office, but a loyal member of the Republican party. Byron R. Godfrey was born at Lima, Rock county, Wis., in 1873, educated in the public schools, and trained by his father in the business of the farm. At the age of twenty he left home and located in North Milwaukee, where he engaged in the livery business, whiclvhe managed successfully for some time, finally going out to become a grocer. This business occupied him until 1898, when he became interested in a drug store, which he owned and managed until 1900. At this time he became village postmaster, and was also the first clerk of the village, which office he held from 1897 to 1903. Since 1900 Mr. Godfrey has been the senior member of the firm of Godfrey & Chase, which conducts a large real estate and insurance business. At the time of the organization of the Citizens' Bank, Sept. 1, 1906, Mr. Godfrey became its president. He is a member of the Episcopal church, a Republican in political affiliations, a member of the Milwaukee lodge of the Knights of Pythias, of the North Milwaukee Modern Woodmen of America, and of the Independent Order of Foresters. On Dec. 28, 1898, Mr. Godfrey married Miss Myrta A. Sairs, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Smith) Sairs, of Athens, Pa. One son, Byron S.. was born to them on July 21, 1901. The parents of Mrs. Godfrey have also become residents of North Milwaukee, where Mr. Sairs, who is a bridge builder, is associated with the Wisconsin Bridge and Iron Company.

William C. Schwartzburg, retired commercial salesman, of North Milwaukee, is the son of one of Milwaukee's earliest citizens. His father, Christian W. Schwartzburg, and mother, Elizabeth Schwartzburg, were both natives of Germany, the former born on Feb. 21, 1800, and. the latter on Feb. 15, 1809. Christian W. came to Milwaukee in 1837 and resided in Milwaukee county until his death, in 1872. He was a well-known member of the Milwaukee Pioneer Club. William C. Schwartzburg was born in the city of Milwaukee, Dec. 19, 1841, attended the Sixth ward school and later graduated at the Second ward high school. He enlisted as a private in Company A of the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin infantry, Aug. 1, 1862, and was active in the engagements at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862; at Stone's River, Dec. 31, 1862 to Jan. 3, 1863; at Chickamauga, Sept. 19 and 20, 1863, and was wounded on the latter day and taken prisoner. He suffered confinement in a Confederate prison until May 8, 1864, when he was duly exchanged, and returned to Milwaukee to recuperate his health. He was mustered out with his regiment and honorably discharged from the service at Nashville, Tenn., June 10, 1865. After the war he became a commercial salesman and was thus employed until 1884, when he retired from active business. Mr. Schwartzburg is a staunch supporter of the Republican party and has held the office of justice of the peace since 1892. He is also president of the school board of North Milwaukee. On Sept. 20, 1884, Mr. Schwartzburg married Miss Katherine Bair, daughter of Jacob and Walburga Bair, of Milwaukee. Six children blessed the marriage : Hilda, age twenty-two years ; Katie, age twenty ; William, age eighteen ; Erwin, age sixteen ; Gerald, age fourteen, and Henry, age twelve years. Mr. Schwartzburg is prominent in the German Lutheran church, of which he has been trustee and treasurer for fourteen years, and which his family also attended. He is a member of E. B. Wolcott Post, G. A. R., of Milwaukee.

Albert Zinn, well-known in Milwaukee commercial circles as the president of the Milwaukee-Western Malt Company, was born in the Cream City on June 14, 1859. He is of good German stock, both his father and mother having been born in the Fatherland. After he completed the courses of the public and high schools of the city he attended for a time the Spencerian Business College and then accepted a position as bookkeeper with the Meadow Spring Distilling Company. In 1878 he assumed a similar position with Herman Nunnemacher, at that time proprietor of the Star Flouring Mills. Later when that concern became incorporated as the Star Milling Company Mr. Zinn became secretary and treasurer. With his brother, Adolph C. Zinn, he associated himself in the malting business in 1884, the firm later being incorporated as the Zinn Malting Company, and he was made its secretary and treasurer. In 1892 the Zinn Malting Company and the Asmuth Malt and Grain

Company were consolidated under the name of the Milwaukee Malt and Grain Company, and Mr. Zinn became treasurer and superintendent. This position he filled until 1897, when the company disposed of its interests to the American Malting Company, of which he became assistant general manager. Two years later he severed this connection to accept the tender of the position of manager of the Fred Miller Brewing Company. In 1903 Mr. Zinn organised the Milwaukee-Western Malt Company, and he became its president, the position which he now holds. For the past thirty years he has been a prominent member of the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce, and is one of its influential members. In a fraternal way he is prominent in the Masonic order, having received the 32d degree. He is a member of Lafayette lodge, Calumet chapter, Ivanhoe commandery and Wisconsin consistory. He is a great devotee of golf and is one of the directors of the Blue Mound Country Club, and in a social way is identified with the Deutscher Club and the Milwaukee Athletic Club. Although he has Republican proclivities Mr. Zinn is not actively allied with any political party and has never been a candidate for public office, nor does he allow his party fealty to influence the judicious exercise of his right of franchise. Mr. Zinn has lived on the West Side of the city all his life, but has recently built a new residence at 711 Shepard avenue, on Prospect Hill, near Lake Park.

Hon. William H. Landolt, the genial postmaster of Wauwatosa, was born in Heidelberg, Germany, on Aug. 10. 1844. He is a son of J. Ulrich and Louisa (von Spiegel) Landolt, the former of whom was born in Zurich, Switzerland, and the latter in Baden, Germany. The father was by vocation a book-binder. The subject of this review was but three years of age when he came to this country with his parents and settled in New York city. He came to Wisconsin in 1848 and settled at Port Washington with the father. He took advantage of the educational advantages afforded by the public schools of Port Washington, but before he had completed his course the Civil war had started, and he enlisted as a private in Company C of the Fifth Wisconsin infantry, in April, 1861. The regiment was a part of the Army of the Potomac, and Mr. Landolt took an active part in all the engagements in which the Sixth corps was engaged, winning all the promotions up to and including that of first sergeant. In the engagement at Sailor's Creek on April 6, 1865, a few days before the surrender at Appomattox, he was so severely wounded in the leg that amputation was necessary. Shortly afterward he was made captain by brevet for signal bravery in the struggle in which he was wounded, and in which he was in command of his company. In July, 1865, ne re~ ceived an honorable discharge at Washington, D. C. He then returned to Milwaukee and laid the foundation for a business career by a course in the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee. When he had completed that work he returned to Port Washington and was three successive times elected county treasurer. When he retired from the public service he entered the Ozaukee countv bank as cashier and remained in that position until 1888. In 1890 he removed to Wauwatosa and entered the insurance office of Colonel Bell, afterward Bell & Norris, and remained with that firm until March, 1899. In that month and year he was appointed postmaster of Wauwatosa, the position he has since been filling with the greatest of satisfaction both to the postoffice department and to the patrons of the office. In his political views Mr. Landolt has been a lifelong Republican, and his incumbency of public office has always been through the agency of that party. He is a Protestant in his religious belief, and for six years served as senior warden of Trinity Episcopal church. Captain Landolt has been twice married. On Oct. 8, 1872, occurred his union to Miss Elizabeth Kandilis, a daughter of Rev. Mr. Kandilis, a Russian missionary at Port Washington. By this union he had two children : Edward A., a resident of Seattle, Wash., and Louisa J., now Mrs. Charles M. Smith, also living in Seattle. Mrs. Landolt died on Sept. 12. 1879. On Nov. 22, 1881, Captain Landolt was united in marriage to Miss Alice L. Lyon, a daughter of Captain Eli and Augusta Lyon, of Decatur, Mich. Two children were born to bless this union - Loleta B. and Esther A. - both living at home. In a fraternal way Captain Landolt is asociated with the E. B. Wolcott Post No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic, and was elected commander for the term of a year in 1907. He is also enrolled as a member of Alpha Council of the Ro}'al Arcanum, of Milwaukee.

J. A. Schwaiger, of Wauwatosa, was born on July 25, 1866, at Schlessingerville, Wis. His parents were J. F. and Mary (Schunk) Schwaiger, the father a native of Bavaria and the mother of Milwaukee. J. F. Schwaiger came to the United States in 185 1 and participated in the Civil war. He enlisted in the Thirty-fifth Wisconsin volunteer infantry. This regiment was mustered in on Nov. 27, 1863, and left the state the following April. It was engaged in guard and picket duty at Fort Hudson,, was later in Arkansas on guard and scouting duty, and then returned to Louisiana. On an expedition to the Atchafalaya river it was engaged in several skirmishes and later participated in the attack on Mobile. Mr. Schwaiger was mustered out for disability and later re-enlisted in the Forty-fifth Wisconsin infantry, which was sent to Nashville in the spring of 1865, and was there stationed until the muster out on July 17, 1865. J. F. Schwaiger had a family of five children - three boys and two girls - of whom there are now living only J. A., of this sketch, and Rose, wife of John Callos, of Milwaukee. The former was educated in the schools of Milwaukee, subsequently taking a course in the Spencerian Business College of the city, and he began in business for himself in October, 1901, after having been employed for thirteen years in the drug store of E. H. Schwaiger. He was married in 1890 to Miss Anna Bahr, of Milwaukee, daughter of Herman Bahr, a native of Germany. She is "ne of a family of seven, three sons and four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Schwaiger have five children, namely: Jerome H., Raimond, Pearl, Ruth D. and Norman. The father is a Democrat in his political affiliations, and is a member of the fraternal order of Modern Woodmen and the Masonic order. In church matters he belongs to the Episcopal church, but his wife is a Lutheran.

John R. Benoy, of Wauwatosa, is the son of John and Mary (Cowles) Benoy, both natives of Lancashire, England. The father was a blacksmith and carriage manufacturer by trade, which he followed after coming to this country and settling in Boscobel, Grant county, Wis. He died in 1889, his wife surviving him a number of years and passing away in November, 1906. Of their five children all except one are living. James, the oldest, is now living in Boscobel and has retired from active business life ; Susie, deceased, was the wife of Peter Wahlstrom, of Chicago ; John R., of this sketch, is the third ; Thomas, residing in Spokane, Wash., is a blacksmith by trade ; William, a carrriage trimmer, is a resident of Boscobel. John R., born in Boscobel, Dec. 25, i860, was educated in the schools of his native town and started at the age of eighteen to learn the art of printing. He was foreman of the Boscobel Dial for eight years, and in 1891, went to Milwaukee, where he was employed for a time on the Milwauke Sentinel, and later on the Evening Wisconsin and the Milwaukee Journal. In September, 1907, he purchased the Wauwatosa News, of which he is now the editor and proprietor. In politics he is an independent Republican. He belongs to the Typo Union of Milwaukee, and was president of the organization for the year 1906. He belongs also to the order of Good Templars, to the Maccabees, George Washington Tent, Milwaukee, and he is also a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Benoy is a strong, independent, and conscientious man, an excellent type of citizen, and a desirable addition to the editorial ranks1 of the country, in the present era, when there seems to be a superfluous amount of "yellow journalism." He brings to his work the practical experience of the printer, and a familiarity with the methods of the city papers, as well as those sterling qualities of character which are the most important factors of success in the important work of the journalist. On Feb. 22, 1885, Mr. Benroy was married to Miss Ida Ladendorf, daughter of William and Cornelia Ladendorf, of Muscoda, Wis., and they have one son, Cornelius 'L., who is still a member of his father's household.

Dr. Carolus Phelps Southwell, deceased, for many years one of the best known and most popular members of the dental profession in Milwaukee, was the descendant of an old New England family, and was born in the city of Springfield, Mass., Feb. 9, 1831, the son of John P. and Aseneath (Wood) Southwell, natives of the same state. His father, who died at Hudson, N. Y., in June, 1852, was a machinist by trade, and followed that calling first in the village of Catskill and afterward in the city of Hudson, N. Y. Our subject accompanied his parents to New York state very early in life, and was educated in the schools of the Empire state. He afterward became a skilled machinist under his father's tutelage, and on Nov. 1, 1854, when he was twenty-three years of age, he came west to Milwaukee, Wis. Here he followed his calling for some years, was first in the employ of Decker & Seville, and later worked in the North Milwaukee shops. He finally determined to devote his fine mechanical talents to higher ends, and became a student of dentistry in the office of Dr. Stockwell. In the year 1861 he went to Watertown, Wis., where he engaged in the successful practice of his profession for a period of some nine years. He then returned to Milwaukee and opened an office, meeting with most flattering patronage, and he continued in the active practice of dentistry up to the time of his death, June 5, 1894. He became exceedingly well known in dental circles, and was elected president of the State Dental Association. Politically he was1 affiliated with the Republican party, and he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church up to the time of his death. He was a sincere Christian and a man of most exemplary life and habits, sincerely devoted to his wife and family, and exceptionally fond of all forms of out-door life. Among the fraternal orders of which he was a member were the Good Templars, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Royal Arcanum. Dr. Southwell was married on Oct. 25, 1852, to Miss Julia A., daughter of John and Maria (Michael) Silvernail. of Columbia county, N. Y., and four children were the fruit of this union, as follows : George P., deceased ; Claude A., a dentist residing in Boise City, Idaho ; Charles C, also a dentist, with offices in the Goldsmith Building on Wisconsin street, Milwaukee, and Albert H., a bookkeeper living in Chicago, 111. Mrs. Southwell still survives her husband and makes her home with her son Charles C.,. at 931 Cambridge avenue. Her parents were both natives of Taghanack, N. Y., where John Silvernail had a large farm in Columbia country. In late life he came west to Chicago, where he made his. home for several years with one of his sons, finally going to Pierce City, Mo., and dying at the latter place.

Edward Silverman, deceased, was born in Milwaukee, Jan. 18, 1852. His parents were Emanuel and Peppe (Adler) Silverman, both born in Austria. The father came to America, first settling in New York city, where he remained a short time and then came to Milwaukee, where he engaged in the wholesale clothing business. Our subject was the second of five children. He received his education in the German-English Academy, Milwaukee Academy, and also at New York College, New York city. After completing his education he went into the wholesale clothing business with his father. After his father's death he sold his interest in the business to L. A. Shakman. He then engaged in the general insurance business with Louis Auer & Son, which business he followed until his death in 1901, representing most of the leading insurance companies of this country and Europe. On March 16, 1897, he married Miss Josephine Weide, daughter of Henry and Josephine (Nunnemacher) Weide. To them were born two children - Emanuel Edward and Henry Weide. Mr. Silverman was thoroughly domestic in his habits, modest in demeanor, and devoted to his family and his business. In politics he was a Democrat, but never sought political preferment. He was a member of the Deutscher Club, the

Phoenix Club, the Black Hawk Hunting Club and the Milwaukee Gun Club. Mrs. Silverman's parents were both born in Germany. The father was a contractor and came to Milwaukee in 1853. He engaged in the shipbuilding business with John Wolfe, in which business he was quite successful. Later he engaged again in the contracting business. He was a member of the Old Settlers' Club and the Turnverein. He died about 1878, age forty-seven, leaving his wife and one daughter. ,

Nicholas Elmer, deceased, for many years a famous caterer of Milwaukee and other cities, was born in Elm, Switzerland, May 28, 1830, the son of Jacob and Marie Elmer, both natives of Switzerland. His father was for many years a judge of one of the local courts of Elm, where he and his wife died, leaving a family of several children. Our subject was educated in the common and parish schools of Switzerland. He began his independent career in the hotel business, which he followed in Paris and Hamburg. In 1858 he came to the United States, locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where he opened a cafe, which he continued until he came to Milwaukee in 1877 to conduct a hotel. He retired from active business several years before his demise, which occurred on May 10, 1889. On March 18, i860, he married Miss Emma, daughter of Edward and Augusta (Hagedorn) Colbrunn, of Rockport, Ohio, and to their union five children were born : xA.lma, widow of William Sholz, of Milwaukee ; Lucy, wife of Charles Kipper, of Milwaukee ; Vera, at home ; Oswald, of San Francisco, Cal., and Flora, a teacher in the public schools of Milwaukee. Mrs. Elmer's parents were natives of Germany, where her father was a manufacturer of linen and damask cloths, employing over 100 people. The family came to the United States in 1848, first settling in Cleveland, Ohio, and later moving to Rockport, Ohio, where the father purchased a large farm, on which he died, the mother having been called to her eternal home while the family resided at Cleveland. In religion the Elmers wrere strict members of the Lutheran church, while in politics our subjct was a Republican. As a tradesman he was master of his craft, and he spared no labor to advance and perfect himself in his calling, which ministers to the palates of men. He was a kind and loving father, a devoted husband and a faithful friend, respected by all.

Bruno Moeller, deceased, was born at Gotha, Germany, March 30, 1846, the son of Frederick and Bertha (Schmidt) Moeller, both natives of Germany, where the former was born on April 22, 1788, and died on April 28, 1869, and the latter was born on July 23, 1807, and died on April 21, 1875. The father was a minister of the Lutheran church and was pastor at Ballstedt, Saxony, for fifty years. The celebration of his golden jubilee as pastor of that church was a remarkable and noteworthy event, when those whom he had baptized and those whom he had married during half a century gathered in large numbers around their beloved and aged pastor to say their farewells. It was a sight that is not often witnessed in a lifetime and one never to be forgotten. Many affecting scenes were in evidence when, on that fiftieth anniversary, the patriarchal form bent with the weight of years, that had ministered so faithfully and so long to his flock's spiritual wants, surrendered his charge to other hands. There were eleven children in the family : Theckla, Edmund, Adelbert, Lina, Bertha, Anna, Caroline, Olga, Clara, Gustave and Bruno. Our subject was educated in the primary schools at Gotha and the advanced schools at Leispic, Germany, and came to the United States in 1862, locating in New York city, engaging with the Knickerbocker Life Insurance Company as superintendent of the German department. In 1870 he located in Milwaukee as manager of the H. Heyn Dry Goods Company, continuing so engaged for six years. Later he traveled five years for the Hudson- Monner Company, wholesale importers of special dry goods, of New York city, after which he engaged with Storm & Hill in the wholesale dry goods business, and subsequently he served for twenty-five years in the firm of Goll & Frank, of Milwaukee, where he remained until his death, Oct. 9, 1903. On Sept. 18, 1869, he married Miss Lauretta Afargaretha, daughter of Gottlieb and Margaretha Ludwig, of Hoboken, N. J., and they were blessed with six children: Bruno, deceased; Hermine, wife of Clarence A. Gunn, of Chicago ; Bruno, residing in New Mexico ; Edgar, with the Free Press, city ; Arthur, deceased, and Cora, wife of Fred H. Squier, city, advertising manager for the Babst Brewing Company. Mrs. Moeller's parents are both natives of Eisenach, Saxony, Germany, the father being a building contractor, and he came with his family to the United States in 1850, locating at New York and pursuing his occupation, but ten years later he moved to Hoboken, N. J., to continue his business, from which he retired several years ago after the death of his wife, Aug. 5, 1900, and he is yet living at Weehawken Heights, N. J. Our subject was a Lutheran in religion, a Republican in politics, and was also a member of the Masons, of the Germania Club and of the T. P. A.

William F. Sanger, the president of the Sanger Automobile Company, of Milwaukee, is one of the younger and progressive business men, who are an important factor in the growth and development of the city. He is an American by birth, but of German descent, born in the Cream City on Aug. 20, 1875. His father was Casper M. Sanger, a native of Germany, who emigrated to this country from the Fatherland and located in Detroit, Mich., where he met and married Mary Holler, the mother of William. The elder Sanger moved from Detroit to Milwaukee a few years after coming to the United States, and engaged in the leather industry with a Mr. Allen. He saw more of a future in lumber and sold out his interest in the leather business and associated himself with a Mr. Rockwell, under the firm name of Sanger & Rockwell, and they soon were conducting one of the largest lumber yards in the city. Mr. Sanger was a shrewd business man, his business was growing rapidly, and he branched out into other lines ; bought an interest in some milling concerns and invested in the mines in the northern part of the state. Everything he was interested in pros- pered, and he became recognized as one of the weighty men of affairs whose judgment was that of an expert in any business affair. Mr. Sanger was one of the strong supporters of the Republican party in politics, and at one time he was sheriff of Milwaukee. His busy life in later years left him no time to seek for political honors. His active life closed on Aug. 16, 1898, after years of unselfish devotion, kindly thought and devotion to his fellow men. 11 is death was a distinct loss to the community, and he was mourned by his wide circle of friends and business associates. William F. Sanger received his elementary education in the public schools of Milwaukee and the Holy Rosary school ; he then took a thorough business course at the Spencerian Business College, and subsequently attended Marquette University. After finishing his college course he became bookkeeper for C. M. Sanger & Sons, his father's company. After being engaged at desk work for some time he decided to engage in business for himself, and became a dealer in bicycle handle-bars. He soon built up this line and disposed of it to go into the wholesale and retail cigar trade, and after some time was able to dispose of this with considerable profit to himself in order to accept a position with M. E. Doran & Company, brokers, of St. Paul, Minn., but a year later was appointed deputy county clerk and returned to Milwaukee. Mr. Sanger had always been interested in machinery, and two years after he became deputy clerk he organized the Sanger Automobile Company and became its president. The firm was located at the corner of Third and State streets in 1904, but a year later moved to its present desirable location at 572-4 Farwell avenue. It handles Franklin, Maxwell and Studebaker machines, and does all kinds of repairing, and the garage has about six thousand square feet of space for storing machines. The company has had a substantial and satisfactory growth and it now handles and stores about forty cars in the garage. Mr. Sanger is a thorough sportsman and is fond of all kinds of outdoor sports ; he is a member of the Milwaukee Yacht Club, the originator of the Tecetl Club on the East Side, and he is also a member of the Milwaukee Automobile Trade Association. His political affiliations are with the Republican party.

Ralph Bird, a postoffice inspector of the government, with headquarters in Milwaukee, was born at Jefferson. Jefferson count)'. Wis., on Nov. 21, 1864. He is a son of Ira \Y. and .Mary E. (Howes) Bird, the former of whom was born at Stockbridge, X. Y. The father came to Milwaukee first in 1836 in company with his brother, Augustus, and for some time was engaged as a clerk in a general store on Walker's Point. He then went to Madison and was there engaged in the construction of the first capitol building. During his residence in that city he was elected sheriff of Dane county, and when his term expired he became imbued with the "gold fever" that was sweeping the country and made his way overland to California. He returned to Madison by way of the Isthmus of Panama and New York, and shortly afterward was elected register of deeds of Dane county. During the time that he was the incumbent of the above-named office he studied law and was admitted to the bar, and when he had completed his term of service he removed to Jefferson, Wis., where for many years he was one of the leading members of the legal profession. For twelve years he served as county judge and was also mayor of the city. His death occurred on March 11, 1899, and his widow is still living. Five children were born to the parents, one of whom died in infancy. Ella is now Mrs. Robert Kirkland, of Jefferson ; Belle is Mrs. Charles Copeland, of Jefferson, and Jeanette now resides with her mother. Ralph Bird, the subject of this review, received all his educational advantages in the public schools of Jefferson. At the age of eighteen he accepted a position as clerk in his father's law offices, where he remained for a period of two years. He then successfully passed the examination submitted by the civil service commission, and for nine and a half years after 1885 was occupied as a railway mail clerk. On Sept. 13, 1894, he received an appointment from Postmaster-General Wilson S. Bissell as postoffice inspector, and has ever since held the office. He has today fifteen different commissions, appointing him to the office, signed by eight different postmasters-general. His service has been one of the longest among the inspectors in the government service, and the fact that he has retained the office through so many changes of administration speaks well for his ability. In his political belief Mr. Bird has always remained independent since holding office under the civil service. In religious matters he is allied with the Episcopal church. On May 11, 1886, Mr. Bird was united in marriage to Miss Olivia Greenwood, a daughter of Charles S. and Catherine (Cummings) Greenwood, of Aztalan, Jefferson county, Wis. To this union have been born three children, whose names and the dates of birth follow: Ira W., Aug. 27, 1888; Roland G., May 2, 1891, and James N., Jan. 6, 1897. All are living at home and attending school.