Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 34 of 35)

Michael Kruszka, founder of The Kuryer Polski (1888), of Milwaukee, the leading newspaper in the Polish language in the United States, was born in Slabomierz, in the German province of Posen, Sept. 28, i860; and in 1880, his adventurous spirit pining for greater freedom and opportunities than his native country afforded him, he landed in the United States hopeful of gratifying his heart's desire. His first services after landing in the United States were for the Singer Sewing Machine Company in Elizabeth, N. J. Then for a time he worked on a farm and later in a factory, attending night school while occupying the last position. Subsequently he became a member of the agency force of a life insurance company of New York, working in that city one year, and in the fall of 1883 he came to Milwaukee as a representative of the company. He started a Polish weekly paper in 1885, calling it "The Krytyka," which had for its special purpose the advocacy of the rights of the laboring man, the first paper of its kind in this country, and his labors were crowned with success. In company with others, in 1887 he launched a daily paper on the troublous sea of journalism, naming it The Dziennik Polski, but by bickerings and dissensions among the stockholders it expired in half a year, and our subject saw all his accumulations vanish with it. Being of courageous and heroic disposition he did not repine and lament over his losses, but with the assistance of a few friends he determined to seek his fortune where he lost it, and he gave to the newspaper world the present great champion of the Polish people, the daily Kuryer Polski, the oldest, the most extensively read, and the most influential newspaper of its kind in the nation. In 1899 Michael Kruszka organized the Kuryer Publishing Company, of which he is the main stock holder and president, and which publishes the daily Kuryer Polski, the Semi-Weekly Kuryer, the Gazeta Wisconsinska, and the Kuryer Ilustrowany, the first and only Polish fine-grade illustrated magazine in this country. Michael Kruzka also organized and is president of the "Polish Newspaper Association of America," an organization composed of all prominent Polish papers in this country ; and he is stockholder and otherwise interested in several

Polish newspapers. He is a member of many Polish societies and organizations, and certainly one of the most prominent if not the most prominent Polish-American. The Kuryer at first advocated the political principles of the Democratic party; but during the Spanish-American war supported the Republican administration and remained Republican thereafter. In 1890 Michael Kruszka was elected Assemblyman from the Twelfth and Fourteenth wards by 2,000 majority; and as a candidate for State Senator in 1892 he received a majority of 540. During his incumbency as Senator he advocated the cause of the people and introduced and passed several bills, especially one compelling the register of deeds of Milwaukee county to accept a fixed salary and turn his fees into the county treasury, thereby saving the people many thousands of dollars per year; one compelling the street car companies to provide vestibules on their cars ; one favoring the Australian Ballot laws ; one reforming the caucus system, and many other statesmanlike laws. His chief object in life seems to be to bring the people of his country up to the ideal standard of American citizenship. He is proud of our American institutions out of gratitude for what they have done for his advancement, hence he urges upon the people the blessings of an education and respect for law and order. His ambition is to make of them American citizens in the fullest meaning of the word and to a large degree he is succeeding. To afford his people a better opportunity for understanding the local laws he has caused the official acts of the city council to be published in Polish so that his readers may obtain a clearer knowledge of laws and customs. He is anxious to make them understand that this is their government in reality. He advocated the teaching of the Polish language in the public schools, and through his efforts Polish books were added to the public library. In 1882 our subject married Miss Hedwig Linkiewicz, of Znin, Province of Poland, and their union has been blessed by one child, Felicia Aurelia, now engaged to be married.

William Goodrich, proprietor of the Milwaukee Linseed Oil Works at Keefe avenue and Hopkins road, was born in Milwaukee in 1862. His father, Timothy Goodrich, was born in Benson, Vt., and his mother, Gertrude (Hunter) Goodrich, was born in New York. The parents came to Chicago from the East in 1836, and for twelve years was engaged in the wholesale grocery business in the Windy City. In 1848 he came to Milwaukee to accept the Northwestern agency for a large sugar company, and later entered the wholesale grocery business again with a partner, under the firm name of Goodrich & Hunter. Mr. Hunter disposed of his interest sometime later and the firm became Goodrich & Terry. In 1871 he disposed of his wholesale grocery interests and with a Mr. Hamilton opened a linseed oil mill on the south side. This continued to be his occupation until he retired from active participation in business affairs in 1900. His death occured in 1906 and his widow passed away in 1907. William Goodrich, the subject of this review, received his primary education in the schools of the Cream City, and then went abroad to study, being a student for different periods at Paris, Berlin, and Frankfort. On his return from abroad he entered the employ of his father in the oil business, and upon the latter's retirement, in 1900, he purchased the controlling interest in the concern of which he has since been proprietor. Business was continued at the old location on the south side until 1907, and then, additional room being necessary, Mr. Goodrich built the fine plant at Keefe avenue and Hopkins road, where the company is now housed. His other business interests include the presidency of The Dutcher Company and a directorship in the Pabst Brewing Company. His social relations are with the Milwaukee, Country, and Town clubs. In 1892 Mr. Goodrich was united in marriage to Miss Mary Pabst, a daughter of Frederick and Mary (Best) Pabst, of Milwaukee. To this union have been born six children : Lorine, Frederick Pabst, William, Jr., Mary Best, Hunter, and Timothy Watson.

George Schweickhart, deceased, whose business career in Milwaukee is closely associated with the growth of the city as a commercial center, was born in Alsace, July 10, 1824. With his parents he came to the United States in 1838 and located in Erie county, X. Y., and there learned the brewer's trade under the able preceptorship of his father, J. Daniel Schweickhart. In 1856 he made his way to Milwaukee, and with little capital save unlimited ambition and a capacity for work he founded a brewery known as the George Schweickhart Brewing Company's plant, which w^as the nucleus of the present Gettleman Brewing Company. At the start the establishment had a capacity of but thirteen barrels a day, but later the plant was enlarged, and Mr. Schweickhart owned and conducted it alone until 1870. In that year he sold a half-interest to a son-in-law, Mr. Gettleman, and five years later disposed of the remaining half interest to a brother-in-law of Mr. Gettleman. In 1868, with T. W. Hart, Mr. Schweickhart had bought a stone quarry in the town of Wauwatosa, and in 1875 Mr. Hart sold his half-interest in the business to Mr. C. O. Manegold, a son-in-law of Mr. Schweickhart, and under the name of Schweickhart & Manegold they continued in the active conduct of the business until 1890. In that year a syndicate purchased the property and both gentlemen retired, and Mr. Schweickhart devoted himself thereafter to his private affairs until the time of his death. Although he had never sought public office he was twice elected a member of the board of supervisors, first in 1872 and again in 1882. Throughout his residence here he was known as one of the foremost members of the German Lutheran church. Mr. Schweickhart's wife was formerly Miss Margaret Schultz, and they were the parents of seven children. He died April

George Brumder, president of the Germania Publishing Company, the Germania National Bank, and the Concordia Fire Insurance Company, and one of the best known of Milwaukee's German-horn citizens, is a native of Alsace-Lorraine. His birthday was May 24. 1839, an(l ne ^s a son °f George and Christena (Noeppel) Brumder, who spent all their lives in Alsace-Lorraine. His father was engaged in pedagogic work, and gave all his attention to his labors, being a deep thinker and a broad reader. When George Brumder, the subjeel of this memoir, was but eighteen years of age he came to the United States and located at once in Milwaukee. In order to acquire a thor- ougti knowledge of the English language he studied under the preceptorship of a tutor.'^ His first business enterprise he started in 1862, opening a store for the sale of books and periodicals. His inherent qualities of thrift and integrity assured him success from the start, and as the business developed he combined with it a publishing company. In 1872 he became the owner of the Germania Publishing Company, publishers of the Daily and Weekly Germania, one. of the most widely circulated German periodicals in the country. His sagacity and keen business acumen have contributed largely to the upbuilding of the firm. For a number of years Mr. Brumder has been president of the Concordia Fire Insurance Company, and since 1904 has been at the head of the Germania National Bank. Politically Mr. Brumder is au solutely independent of party ties, and the policy of his paper has always been to support the men and measures which in his judgment were for the betterment of the city, state and nation. Mr. Brumder's wife was formerly Miss Henrietta Christena Erandharst, a native of Germany. Four sons and three daughters born to the union survive. They are William C, associated in business with his father ; Amelia C, wife of George P. Mayer ; Ida, Emma, George F., Herman Otto, and Herbert. William C. Middleton, president of the Middleton Manufacturing Company, of Milwaukee, was born July 25, 1849, a son °^ Thomas B. and Lucy (Davison) Middleton, the former born in Philadelphia, Pa., and the latter in Ohio. The parents came to Milwaukee in 1854, then went to Horicon, where the wife died, and the family returned to Milwaukee, where the father spent the remainder of his life and died July 13, 1906, aged eighty-seven years. The father was all his life a railroad man, working in various capacities for the Milwaukee & Horicon railroad, the Milwaukee & La Crosse railroad, which was afterward the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad, and the Huntsville & Alabama railroad. He was in Huntsville, Ala., when the war broke out and by the authorities he was given twenty-four hours for him and his men to enlist in the Confederacy or leave the state, so he came north at once. Our subject received a limited education in the public schools of Horicon, Wis., but at the age of twelve began working for the Milwaukee & La Crosse railroad, and at the age of thirteen years he was braking on the same railroad. He followed railroading until he was twenty-eight years old, advancing from stage to stage until he became conductor, and finally became train dispatcher. After abandoning the railroad business he was a traveling salesman for several years, until in 1879 ne reached his present position with Shaw, Ellsworth & Company, the firm afterward, 1891, being changed to the Shaw-Ellsworth Manufacturing Company. In 1901 the firm divided, our subject taking as his part of the assets the manufacture of hats, caps, and straw goods, and the other members took for their share the manufacture of fur coats and gloves. Our subject took in other partners and has prosecuted his branch of the business with signal success ever since the dissolution of the older firm, under the firm name of the Middleton Manufacturing Company. On Jan. 27, 1868, he married Miss Martha A. Weaver, of Can- ada, whose parents arc both deceased. This union was blessed with two children: Florence, now the wife of A. L. Pike, of Milwaukee, a member of the firm, and Fred S., also a member of the firm. Fred S. married Miss Sylvia Morgenson, of Sheboygan, Wis., who is a native of Norway. Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Pike are the parents of one child, Corinne, aged seven years. Mr. Middleton, while never taking anything but a casual interest in politics, is a member of the Republican party, and he and all the members of his family are adherents of the Kpiscopal chnrch. Since he was twentyone years of age he has been a Free Mason, being a charter member of Damascus Lodge, Xo. 290. Mr. Middleton is proud of tracing his lineage back to some distinguished ancestors who won imperishable renown on the fields of bloody carnage and in the highest councils of the nation in those days that tried great men's souls, during the Revolutionary war and the War of 1812. His paternal grandfather was a lieutenant in the War of 1812 and received advancement from the ranks for conspicuous bravery, while the famous General Stark, the husband of brave Molly Stark, is on the mother's side in the direct line of kinsmanship ; and finally, Arthur Middleton. one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was a paternal ancestor. Unaided, but by slow and sure progress, Mr. Middleton today occupies a front rank as a business man, because he is made of the right kind of fiber, and blood and fiber count for much in every age. He is a self-made man, having the high respect of all who know him.

Albert N. Fairchild, of 643 Shepard avenue, Milwaukee, principal of the Seventh district school of that city, is probably one of the best known educators in the state. He is a native of Wisconsin, having been born Jan. 23, 1854, on a farm in Walworth county. His parents, Nelson and Laura C. (Kinney) Fairchild, came from New York to Wisconsin before it had been admitted to the union and located on a farm near Elkhorn. Besides being an agriculturist, the father was a contractor. He built the first store in the city of Kenosha, and many of the private and public buildings in the early history of Walworth county were the fruits of his labors. The latter years of his life were spent in Delavan, where he died in 1902. Mr. Fairchild was the third child in order of birth in a family of five sons and a daughter. He received his early education in the district and high schools of Walworth county. Following the completion of his studies there, he took a commercial course in Madison, Wis., with the intention of making business his life work. Circumstances, however, led him, at the age of sixteen, to engage in teaching district schools, which he followed for five consecutive winters, in the meantime pursuing a practical course in banking in the First National Bank at Elkhorn, under the direction of William H. Conger, cashier. Encouraged by success attained in some of the most difficult schools in the county, he entered the State Normal School, at Oshkosh, in 1876. and there he remained ior four years, having earned the money to defray his entire expenses. Upon graduation from that institution, in 1880. he was called to the principalship of the schools of Mechanicsville, Iowa. Two years later he resigned to accept the position as principal of the Garfield School, in Racine, Wis., where for several years his pupils took the lead in competitive examination with other schools in the city. His residence in Racine continued for nearly eight years. He left there to come to Milwaukee in November, in 1889. Ever since that time Mr. Fairchild has been principal of the Seventh District School, and he has been a powerful factor in the growing educational development of the Cream City. It was his influence which brought about the introduction of teachers' rest rooms in the schools of the city, the first being introduced into the Seventh District School. In 1890, he organized in the seventh and eighth grades of his school the Whittier Literary Society, an organization still in a flourishing condition. On an easel in the room hangs a framed autograph letter from the poet, thanking the members of the society for the honor conferred upon him. Ever since his connection with the school, Mr. Fairchild has endeavored to bring about an aesthetic decoration of the building, believing that it has much to do in the proper training of the child's mind. The finest reproductions of masterpieces have been selected, artistically framed, and hung so as to represent schools of painting, thus carrying out a definite theme in the decoration of each class room. To what extent he has succeeded may be judged from the high compliment paid Mr. Fairchild by art critic, Henry Turner Bailey, agent for the promotion of industrial drawing in the Department of Public Education of Massachusetts, who, while visiting Milwaukee, remarked that the Seventh District School was one of the most satisfactorily decorated school buildings in the United States, so far as he knew, outside of New England. In 1884, Mr. Fairchild married Miss Marion Elma Brey, a prominent teacher, who far many years has been closely identified with philanthropic and club work in the city of Milwaukee. Mr. Fairchild has always been deeply interested in the advancement of his profession and the educational development of both city and state. He has been one of the leading members of the Milwaukee Principals' Association. He has filled every office in that association, from secretary to president. His administrative term was one of the most successful and progressive in the history of that association. For many years he has been an active member of the Wisconsin Teachers' Association. He has never sough any administrative offices, but has done efficient service as a member of many of its important committees. He has always stood for thorough, conscientious work in essentials, and has been ready to take the initiative in advanced educational methods, provided such a course was consistent with his duty as a principal in a large public school system. While he has been engaged in educational work, he has not lost sight of his early training and has kept in touch with certain lines of business. In 1902, he was made executor, without bonds, of his father's estate, and received high compliments from attorneys and judge for a most carefully prepared report, which was filed among the records of the probate court of Walworth county. He was one of the first who saw the advantages of Prospect Hill as a residential site, and built his home before a street was paved in that district, which has grown to be one of the most beautiful in the city of Milwaukee.

Jerome Van Alstyne, of Oakwood, a descendant of a long line of gallant pioneer ancestors, is a native of New York state, having been born at Danube, Herkimer county, June 10, 1839. He is the son of James and Delia (Timmerman) Van Alstyne, both natives of New York, the former born at Utica on June 3, 1806, and the latter at Danube. The Van Alstynes are descended from a royal line, the ancestry dating back to William, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau, who was born April 16, 1533, at Dillenburg, and was assassinated at Delft by Balthasar Gerard on July 10, 1584. Another ancestor was at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 when Protestantism was finally established in England. William and Mary, rulers of England, who established the second higher institution of learning in the United States, were also numbered among the ancestors. The father's ancestors located at Albany, N. Y., soon after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers on the shore of Massachusetts Bay, and his mother's ancestors were among the first pioneers to venture into the unbroken wilderness of the Empire State. Both maternal and paternal great grandfathers were participants in the War of the Revolution and were captured by the British when Xew York fell. An older brother of our subject, Harvey, responded to the call for volunteers during the War of Secession and enlisted in the One Hundred and Fifty-second New York infantry as orderly sergeant. During the fighting in the Wilderness campaign Harvey and a cousin, Eli Pettibone, of Syracuse, N. Y., were wounded and captured by the enemy, taken to Andersonville prison, and there died as the result of their wounds and the privation incident to their confinement. Jerome Van Alstyne, the subject of this review, received his elementary education in the public schools of New York state and then went to work in a grocery store at Frankfort, near Utica, N. Y. To this labor he devoted himself for two years, and hy close application and diligent work saved sufficient capital to buy some land. Hearing of the excellent opportunities offered a young man in Wisconsin he came to the Badger State. He first settled in Racine and continued his studies under J. J. Macman, but it became necessary for him to earn a living immediately, and he abandoned his studies and came to the town of Franklin, Milwaukee county, where he engaged in farming. From time to time Mr. Van Alstyne has added to this farm, and now is the owner of 136 acres of the best farming land in the county. In 1865 he was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte C. Healy, daughter of James Patrick and Lucinda (Francisco) Healv, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of New York. Mr. Healv came to America when but sixteen years of age and located first in Canada, but later removed to Geneva, N. Y., in 1835, and after four years came to the town of Franklin, where he purchased a section of land and engaged in farming. He continued in this occupation until he retired from active life, in 1898, and passed his last days in Racine. Mrs. Van Alstyne's maternal grandfather fought for the freedom of the colonies during the Revolution, and her father's cousin was a member of Parliament in England. She was the second female child born in the township. Her brother, Francis Maurice Healy, served throughout the Civil war in the Thirty-first Wisconsin volunteer infantry under General Sherman, and received an honorable discharge at the close of the war.

Adolph George Schwefel, A. B., LL. B., was born in the town of Lebanon, county of Dodge, state of Wisconsin, on April 5, 1871, in a log house upon a farm on which his paternal grandfather, Ernst Schwefel, took out a patent granted by the Federal government, and built his homestead. The paternal grandparents were peasants near Freierwalde, in the province of Brandenburg, Germany, where, on Jan. 8, 1836, William Schwefel was born. The paternal grandparents immigrated to the United States, together with four children, and settled at Lebanon, Wis. The paternal grandfather died at the age of ninety years, on the land taken from the government, and the paternal grandmother lived to the age of ninety-five. The father continued the occupation of a farmer up to the time of his death, in the fall of 1906; and the mother, Wilhelmina (Heilman) Schwefel, died when Adolph G. was seven years of age. The subject of this review received his early education in the public and private schools at Lebanon, Wis. He took up private instructions and preparatory work for admission in Capital University; and in the fall of 1890 entered as a freshman the university, taking the Ancient Classical course. He was graduated in the class of 1894 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The same year he entered the law department of the University of Wisconsin and was graduated in 1896 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In September, 1896, he came to Milwaukee as a Democratic delegate to the State convention held here, and ever since has remained as a practicing attorney in the city. Fie opened an office for the general practice of law on Sept. 7, 1896, and continued to practice his profession alone until Jan. 1, 1905, when the law firm of Schwefel & Knoell was formed. Mr. Schwefel has always taken an active interest in politics, and in 1906 was the Democratic candidate for district attorney for Milwaukee county. Mr; Schwefel was married on June 27, 1901,. to Josephine Kissinger, of Milwaukee. To this union there was born two sons, William Allen and Norman Edward. In both politics and religion, Mr. Schwefel has adhered to the teachings of the fathers, and where in the former instance he is affiliated with the Democratic party, he has in religious matters adhered to the Lutheran church. He belongs to various clubs of political, religious, and social natures, and is a member of the Milwaukee County and Wisconsin State bar associations.

Theodore Kronshage, Jr., of Milwaukee, is one of the leading attorneys of that city. He was born at Boscobel, Grant county. Wis., on Nov. 6, 1869, and is a son of Theodore, Sr., and Pauline (Hildebrand) Kronshage, both natives of Germany, the former born at Lippe-Detmold and the latter at Bielefeld. Both are still living. The parents came to Wisconsin in 1866, the father entering business in a general mercantile line, in Boscobel, and was very prosperous, building up a large trade in the town and surrounding country. He has now retired from active business life. The family consists of the parents and two sons, the brother, Ernest H., being the editorial writer of the .Milwaukee Free Press. Theodore. Jr., acquired his elementary education in the public schools and then entered the University of Wisconsin, where he was graduated in 1891 with the degree of A. B., and in the college of law with the degree of LL. 15. , in 1892. The following autumn he began the practice of his profession as a member of the firm of Tarrant & Kronshage, the partnership continuing until 1898, when Francis E. McGovern, former district attorney of Milwaukee, was added to the firm. Since that time several changes have heen made in the firm name. In 1899 Charles Dielman joined them, and later dropped out as did Judge Tarrant after his election to the circuit bench, in 1902. In 1906 two new members were added, the firm now being Kronshage, McGovern, Corrigan & Fritz. Many important cases have engaged Mr. Kronshage, especiallv those involving trade-marks and unfair competition, and he has made a special study of this line of litigation. He is the attorney for the Pabst and Schlitz companies, and the Milwaukee Brewers' Association, in all litigation involving these subjects, and has stopped all outside brewers from using the word "Milwaukee," on beer not brewed in the city. He was the principal attorney in the case of the American Publishing Company vs. Fisher, et al. - in which the Utah law allowing nine jurors to give a verdict was set aside - winning the case in the United States supreme court. He is at the present time engaged in an important case, Ellinge vs. the Equitable Life Assurance Company of New York. The Wisconsin supreme court held that a policy holder, at the completion of a Tontine policy, had a right to examine the books of the company and see to how much surplus he was entitled. This new principle of law is now on examination in New York. Mr. Kronshage was one of the organizers of the Milwaukee Free Press Company and has been its president since 1901. In politics he is a Republican and has served as a normal school regent, on the Republican county committee, and a number of times on the state central committee, serving in that capacity in 1904 on the memorable occasion when there was a split in the convention in session at Madison, and a part retired, holding an independent convention in the Fuller Opera House. This committee passed on the credentials of all delegates, and upon their report the litigation which followed was based. Mr. Kronshage has been an active factor in the politics of the state, particularly those connected with the recent reforms, in which Wisconsin has led in many particulars, other states following and supporting the stand taken in this state. Mr. Kronshage is a member of the Milwaukee, and the Milwaukee University clubs and of the Milwaukee Par Association.

Dr. George G. Hirth, deceased, one of the founders of the Milwaukee Medical College', and one of the most expert and successful physicians who ever practiced in Milwaukee, was born in the city of Ouincy, 111., Sept. 25, 1865, of German parentage. Flis parents, Jacob and Katherine (Maus) Hirth, are both natives of Germany, and his father has been a farmer by occupation all his life, but has lived retired for some fifteen years past. He came to America shortly before the Civil war, and spent a number of years in New York state before coming west to Illinois. Dr. Hirth was the youngest member of a family of seven children, and obtained his early education in the common shools and high school of Quincy, 111. ; he then pursued a course in chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and subsequently took the medical course in the same institution, graduating therein with the class of 1891. He then spent something over a year abroad, where he studied under some of the most renowned surgeons of the world. He remained for several months at the celebrated Eppendorf Hospital in Hamburg, Germany, and studied under the great surgeon, Dr. Schede. He furthermore pursued special post-graduate work at the University of Berlin, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from that university in 1892. In the fall of the same year he returned to the United States and located in Milwaukee, where he entered upon the active practice of his profession. His splendid equipment and genuine enthusiasm for the work brought him into immediate success, and he speedily acquired, not only a lucrative practice, but a most enviable reputation as a skillful operator and highly trained specialist. After three years of active practice, he again went to Europe, and spent five months more at the University of Berlin and the hospitals of Hamburg. It was at this time that the fearful epidemic of cholera raged in Hamburg and Dr. Hirth assisted materially in stamping out this dreaded disease. Returning to Milwaukee he continued in successful practice up to about a year before his death, which unhappy and premature event took place in the fortieth year of his life, Sept. 15, 1904. Cut off thus in the very prime of life, the profession lost an eminent physician and surgeon, who gave every promise of achieving a brilliant career, and his family mourned the death of a kind and most indulgent husband and father. Dr. Hirth actively assisted in the organization of the Milwaukee Medical College, and was an efficient aid of Dr. Neilson, and later held the chair of lecturer on rectal diseases at the college. Dr. Hirth was a faithful attendant at St. Paul's Cathedral, and was an earnest Christian gentleman. He was a member of the Masonic order, in which he had attained the Thirty-second degree, and was a Knight Templar, and he was also a member of both the State and Fox River Valley medical associations. He was married on May 26, 1897, to Miss Ella, daughter of August F. and Julia (Kraus) Gallun, of one of the old pioneer families of Milwaukee. Two charming daughters, Helma and Elfriede, were the fruit of this union, and they make their home with their widowed mother at 883 Cambridge avenue, Milwaukee. The parents of Mrs. Hirth were both natives of Germany, her father having been born in the town of Osterwick in the Harz mountains, and her mother in Holzminden, a town in the duchy of Brunswick, located on the river Weser. They came to the United States and settled in Milwaukee in 1854.

Mr. Gallun is a prosperous tanner, and is still in business on North Water street, under the firm name of A. F. Gallun & Sons, tanners and leather dealers.

George C. Markham lias been recently elected to the responsible position of president of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Milwaukee, and he brings to the duties of this high station the experience of years in the service of the company. He was President Palmer's right-hand man and counsellor for years, and during the more recent ones has practically carried all the burden of the details of the chief executive office upon his own shoulders. Mr. Markham is a native of the state of New York, having been born in Wilmington, Essex county, that state, on May 7, 1843. He decided upon the legal profession as his life's vocation and was admitted to the New York bar in 1868. The year following he removed to the city of Milwaukee and became associated with his brother, Henry H. Markham. which association continued until 1879, when the latter removed to, California. After the removal of his brother to California, George C. Markham formed a partnership with Judge George H. Noyes, who is now the General Counsel for the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, and this professional association continued for a number of years. Mr. Markham was first elected a trustee of the company in 1895 and in January of 1901 he was elected third vice-president. In 1904 he became the second vice-president and one year later was elected to the position of vice-president, which he retained until the meeting of the board of trustees on July 15, 1908, at which time he was chosen to succeed Henry L. Palmer, as president of the company. He is eminently fitted by long training and an intimate knowledge of all the company's affairs to fill the office of president, and his election was greeted with the liveliest expressions of approval by all the home office staff and agency force of the company. He has the enthusiastic support of all his subordinates, and under his intelligent management and administration of affairs the fine old Northwestern is continuing its phenomenally successful career.

Rudolph Weise, deceased, a prominent druggist of Milwaukee, was born at Schanschoenlanke, Posen, Germany, April 4, 1830, the son of Gottfried and Wilmina (Michelsteder) Weise, both natives of Germanv. The father was a manufacturer of woolen s:oods and never came to the United States, but the mother came, however, after the father's death, and resided for several years in Chicago, where she died. There were four children in this family : Rudolph. Wilhelmina, Augusta, and John, all deceased except John, who is living in Chicago. By a second marriage of the mother to Louis Kussman, there were two children, August and William, both deceased. Our subject received his primary, advanced and scientific education in Germany, where he was a pharmacist for ten years, until he came to the United States in 1854. He located in Milwaukee, where he continued in the drug business and resided on |uneau avenue until he died. Aug. 5, 1905. On April 1. i860, he married Miss Louise, daughter of Carl and Johanna Marssa Stamm, of Milwaukee, and their union was blessed by fourteen children, nine of whom are living : Charles, wholesale druggist, city ; Wilhelminia, wife of W. Ferore, Fond du Lac ; Johanna, wife of F. Griebe, city ; Rudolph, druggist, city ; Edward, machinist, city ; George, resident of Fond du Lac; Louise, wife of B. Prepps, Fifield, Wis. ; Alfred, at home ; and Walter, machinist, city. Mrs. Weise's parents were natives of Germany, where her father had a large farm and occupied the important government position of revenue officer. He came with his family to the United States in 1852, locating on a farm near Milwaukee, but the mother dying in 1875 caused him to retire from all work till he died, Dec. 4, 1886. In religion the family were Lutherans and in politics the father was a Republican. Rudolph Weise was a Lutheran in religion and in politics he associated himself with the Republican party. He was also a member of the LTnited Workmen, the Legion of Honor, and the Knights and Ladies of Honor. He was a substantial and careful business man, a lover of his home circle, toward which his every effort seemed to center, for his greatest joy was to gather his large and interesting family around the circuit of his bounteous board, and then his cup of pleasure was filled to the fullest measure.

Milwaukee Yacht Club. - Organized in 1894 by a number of enthusiastic lovers of water sports, the Milwaukee Yacht Club, has become a decided factor in the club life of the Cream City and a power to be reckoned with in the annual regatta of the Lake Michigan Yachting Association. It was organized on Feb. 17, 1894, and incorporated on Feb. 21, the first officers being: C. J. Williams, commodore; H. A. Coleman, vice-commodore; John Joys, Jr., rearcommodore ; E. T. Balcom, secretary ; and Fred P. Cook, treasurer. Since 1894 the following gentlemen have filled the office of commodore: 1895, C. J. Williams (resigned and succeeded by E. T. Balcom, who also resigned and was succeeded by A. B. Cambier) ; 1896, C. J. Williams; 1897-1898, H. A. Coleman; 1899, B. H. Dally; 1900-1901, R. B. Mallory; 1902- 1903- 1904- 1905 -1906, E. P. Vilas; 1907-1908^ E. P. Vilas (resigned and succeeded by R. B. Brown, whose term of office expired in October, 1908, when Charles J. Wild was elected for the term, extending from October, 1908, to October, 1909). The other officers of the club for the same term were John J. Rice, vice-commodore ; Dr. Herman Stolte, rear-commodore; Fred W. Dickens, secretary-treasurer; John T. Mason, fleet captain ; and Dr. H. E. Bradley, fleet surgeon. The present board of directors is composed of S. S. Tatum, 1908-1909: R. B. Mallory, 1908-1909; R. B. Brown, 1909-1910; Adam Strachan, 1909-1910. The club at present has 166 members, of which 134 are active, it non-resident, 17 life and 4 junior. The boat roster records twentyfive boats, as follows: four yawls, one schooner, three 21-foot raceabouts ; one 21-foot cabin class ; six 18-foot sloops, four brig class, and six power boats. The club maintains a commodious club house and anchorage on the lake at the foot of Kane Place and during the season holds a number of interesting racing events, the feature being the annual race for the Corinthian trophy. It also holds several club races and is always represented in the annual regatta of the Lake Michigan Yachting Association, while the annual club cruise is a most enjoyable event.

Samuel Walwig, the popular general agent of the Wisconsin National Loan 6c Building Association, is a native of Milwaukee, in which city he was horn on Feb. 20, 1857. He is a son of William F. and Grunhild (Clasen) Walwig. both natives of Norway, who came to the United States early in life. The father enlisted as a private in the regular army in [866, and participated in Indian campaigns in the West. A portion of the time he was in the hospital service, from which branch he received an honorable discharge at the close of his term of enlistment. Samuel Walwig has seen Milwaukee become a large and prosperous city from a mere village, whose adjacent rivers teemed with fish and whose marsh lands and surrounding woods were frequented by wild ducks and wild pigeons in great numbers. He received his education in the public schools of the city, and at the age of fourteen years assumed the duty of earning his own living. His first employment was in the rolling mill at Bay View, and his next as a railway newsboy on trains running out of Milwaukee. Following this employment he became a jobber in cigars, and subsequently a dealer in safes. In 1896 he became associated with the Wisconsin National Loan & Building Association, with which institution he has since been connected almost continuously. His promotion of the association's business has been marked by characteristic energy, scrupulous integrity, and a devotion to detail, which is the secret of success in undertakings of that kind. He has been a business man bent upon the achievement of results, and has refrained from politics further than the exercise of his right of suffrage in accordance with the dictates of conscience and business judgment. Mr. Wal wig's religious interests are allied with those of the followers of John Wesley. Mr. Walwig inherited a love for the sea from his Norwegian forefathers, and became devoted to yachting when a mere boy, long before amateur sailors had become sufficiently numerous in Milwaukee to sustain a yacht club. His boyhood sport on Lake Michigan in sailing and cruising embraced many riskful ventures far from port in small open sail boats. In 1893, feeling that the time was ripe for an undertaking of that kind, Mr. Walwig joined with other enthusiastic amateur sailors in the organization of the Milwaukee Yacht Club, of which body, early in its history, he was a member of the board of directors and chairman of the regatta committee. He is prominently identified with the Knights of - Pythias, the Independent Order of Foresters, and the Sons of Norway, and is now one of the trustees of the latter organization. While engaged in promoting the interests of the Milwaukee Yacht Club. Mr. Walwig noted the importance of the harbor of refuge breakwater for the formation of an anchorage basin for storm-driven vesels. and observed also that the basin would provide sheltered water for a yachting station and anchorage, and for inside sailing. Work on the breakwater had dragged through a dozen years or more, and there was no prospect oi its early completion. Despite adverse predictions as to the outcome of his labor. Mr. Walwig set out to hasten matters. He obtained >ig- natures to a memorial to Congress urging' an early completion of the breakwater, and in addition secured the adoption of a resolution by the Chamber of Commerce, endorsing the purpose of the memorial. This entailed considerable labor, but Mr. Walwig persisted, and through the energetic assistance of Congressman Theobald Otjen at Washington, an appropriation of $200,000 was secured to further the work, which was placed under the continuous contract system, thus insuring steady progress. This achievement was a revelation of the energetic methods which have insured results in everything that Mr. Walwig has undertaken.

Moritz Krauskopf, retired, for many years one of the prominent tailors of the city, was born in Prussia, Germany, on April 16, 1844. He is the fifth child in order of birth of Harry and Rosalie Krauskopf, both natives of Prussia. The father was a tailor who spent all his life in Germany. The mother came to the United States after his death and passed the rest of her life in New York. Moritz Krauskopf, the subject of this review, received his education in the common schools of Germany. In 1858 he came to the United States and located in New York city, where he was engaged at his trade until the breaking out of hostilities in the Civil war. Then he enlisted in Company C of the Thirty-first New York infantry, known as the "Montezuma Regiment," and served in the capacity of a private for two years. The regiment left New York for Washington on June 24, 1861, and became a part of the Second brigade, Fifth division, Army of Northeastern Virginia. On proceeding to the seat of war its first encounter with the enemy was at Fairfax Court House. Then it participated in the first battle of Bull Run, and upon its return to Washington it was made a part of the Third brigade of Franklin's division. The winter of 1861-62 was passed at Fort Ward. After some maneuvers in the northern part of Virginia as a part of the Third brigade, First division, First army corps, Army of the Potomac, the regiment returned to Alexandria in March, 1862. On May 7, the Thirty-first was engaged at West Point and lost in killed, wounded, or missing, eighty-three men. Later in the same month the division became a part of the Sixth corps and was one of the participants in the disastrous Peninsular campaign. It was in camp at Harrison's Landing until August 15 and was then ordered to Newport News, and it guarded the Fairfax railroad at Burke's Station. At Crampton's Gap in the battle of Antietam the Thirty-first saw some hard fighting, as it did also in the battle of Fredericksburg in December. The regiment went into winter quarters at White Oak Church, but in January of the following year left them to engage in the "Mud March." Later the winter quarters were again occupied until the beginning of the Chancellorsville movement in the spring. At Mary's Heights the loss of the Thirty-first was 142 killed wounded, or missing. On June 4, 1863, the regiment was mustered out in New York city, its term of enlistment having expired. After Mr. Krauskopf had received his honorable discharge he again became actively engaged in his vocation in New York city. In 1876 he came to Milwaukee and opened a tailoring establishment. This business kept him occupied until 1898, when he retired from active business and is now living- comfortably in the line residence at 2949 Chestnut street, which he built in 1897. In politics Mr. Krauskopf is not allied with any of the existing political parties, being guided more by principle than party in the exercise of his right of suffrage. His religious associations are with Temple B'ne Israel Ansche Lngran. Air. Krauskopf was united in marriage on Jan. 16, 1866, to Miss Hannah Krunt, of New York city. Seven children came to bless this union. Max, the eldest, is employed in the office of the city tax commissioner ; Xed is a druggist ; Jacob is a traveling salesman ; Harry is a bookkeeper ; Samuel is in business in Texas ; Regina is the wife of Dr. D. H. Lando, of Milwaukee; and Laura is at home.

Joseph A. Warren, late of Wauwatosa, Wis., and one of the earliest and most prominent pioneers of Milwaukee county, was born at Grafton, Mass., on June 17, 181 5. He was the descendant of sturdy New England stock, and his paternal grandfather, Joseph A., was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. On that memorable 19th of April, 1775, the grandfather marched from Grafton to Lexington as a sergeant in Capt. Luke Drury's company, which performed valiant service against the British "Redcoats" on that historic occasion, and he afterward participated in numerous other expeditions for the relief of various towns besieged by the British. The great-grandfather of our subject commanded the relief expedition to Fort William Henry, March 25, 1857. Our subject's father was John Warren, born in Grafton, Mass., Nov. 28, 1767, and a prominent shoe manufacturer of that city, where he established the first shoe factory ever started there. The mother was Susanna (Grout) Warren, a native of Westborough, Mass., born in the year 1780. John E., a son of our subject, is one of the honored veterans of the Civil war. He enlisted first in Company B, First Wisconsin volunteers, in May, 1861, and left the state June 10, returning in August after the expiration of a three months' period of enlistment. He served in the Harper's Ferry region, crossing the river into Virginia at Williamsport on Julv 2. He again enlisted in the Seventh Wisconsin Battery in the fall of 1861. This battery was in camp in Racine until March 15, 1862, when it went south; serving through the Island No. 10 campaign, and afterward in West Tennessee and Northern Mississippi until the expiration of the war. A considerable part of the members of this battery accepted what was known as the veteran enlistment, early in 1864, agreeing to serve until the expiration of the war; their original enlistment having been for three years. John E. Warren was one of that number. He was captured after the battle of Brice's Crossroads, June 10, 1864, and was taken to the Andersonville stockade, where he remained until November 19, eventually returning to the battery at Memphis, Term., in March, 1865. Shortly afterward he was detailed to service with Company F, Second United States Colored light artillery, with which battery he remained for a considerable period, but afterward returned to the Seventh Wisconsin battery and was mustered out with it at Milwaukee in August, 1865, having served somewhat more than four years. He participated in

Ihe battle of Falling" Waters, in Virginia, in July, 1861 ; in the Island No. 10 campaign in the spring of 1862; the battle of Park' er's Crossroads, December, 1863 ; and Brice's Crossroads, in June, 1864. He has prepared a highly interesting" and vivid picture of his experiences in Andersonville prison, in the form of a lecture. Joseph A. Warren, our subject, received an excellent education in a Quaker school at Bolton, Mass. In early life, and while still living in the East, he followed the vocation of architect and carpenter. He came west in the year 1839, to Wauwatosa, Wis., where he bought the fine farm which he subsequently cleared and improved, and which now forms a part of the estate left by him on his death, June 24, 1903. He was long known as one of the substantial and prosperous farmers of Milwaukee county. He was a man of strictest integrity in all his dealings with his fellow men, and has bequeathed to his descendants an honored and respected name. Mr. Warren was a prominent member of the Pioneer Association of Milwaukee county, and devoted much time and energy to promoting the movement which led to the formation of this society of pioneer settlers. From the time the Republican party was first organized, he was a firm believer in the great underlying principles of that political organization, though he never sought public preferment on his own behalf. He was a sincere Christian gentleman, of simple and earnest faith, and a liberal-handed supporter of the Congregational church, with which he was affiliated for so many years. Mr. Warren was twice married. His first wife was Miss Sarah Potter, daughter of Ebenezer and Susanna (Brigham) Potter, of Fitzwilliam, Cheshire county, N. H. This marriage took place on Feb. 10, 1837, and three children were the fruit of the union, two of whom are still living. The oldest child, Maria S., is the wife of the late H. R. Hayden and resides at East Hartford, Conn. ; the second child, John E., already referred to as a veteran of the Civil war, is identified in a business way with the paper mills at Cumberland Mills, Maine ; the third child, Sarah H., died in early maturity, at the age of twenty-one. The father lost his first wife in February, 1842. His second wife, whom he married in September, 1844, was Harriet Green, a daughter of Noah and Betsey (Harwood) Green, of Windsor, Mass., where she was born Dec. 29, 1 81 7. She came to Wisconsin with her parents in June, 1844, and died Jan. 28, 1899. Three children were born of this union : George H., who died in early childhood, at the age of eight years ; Harriet F., wife of Oliver Loomis, deceased, late of Ypsilanti, Mich. ; and Carrie G., who resides at Wauwatosa, Wis. Miss Carrie G. Warren is a charter member of the Milwaukee chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, and of the Woman's Club, of Wauwatosa, in both of which she takes an active part. She is a lifelong member of the Congregational church.

Thomas W. Dunbar was born in Caledonia, Minn., March 10, 1872, being the son of Thomas and Marion (Hicks) Dunbar, the father born in Suffield, Conn.. Jan. G. 1840. and the mother in Nassau. New York. Feb. 7. 1845. Marion, Luella. and Charles B., are the other members of the family. The paternal grandfather and his family came West in the fifties, settling at Caledonia, Minn. The father moved to La Crosse, Wis., where he lived until 1X70, when he located in Milwaukee, where he and his family have resided ever since, excepting the few wars his business called him, first to Cleveland. ( )hio, to manage the Gordon Stock [''arm. and then to Trenton, X. J., as manager of the famous Fashion Stud Farm. Soon after moving his familv to Milwaukee, Mr. Dunbar purchased a piece of land on the Watertown Plank Road, and then lying outside of the city limits but since annexed, and which is now one of the beautiful residence points on the West Side, known as Dunbar Place. Young Dunbar, the subject of our sketch, early developed a keen interest in Natural History, and the years he spent on the stock farms and in the country gave him great opportunity to study nature in its many phases. This insight aroused an ambition in him to attain an education, and he was preparing for Princeton College when his health failed him and he was forced to give up his studies and return West again. He then attended Beloit College, this state. After leaving college he entered the life insurance business in the home office of the Northwestern Mutual Life, afterward taking up field work for the company in Chicago. He left the Northwestern to become assistant general agent in Wisconsin for the Penn Mutual Life, of Philadelphia, in which capacity he served for several years. Meanwhile he took up the study of the fine arts as a pastime and became very much interested in the subject. His library on art kept growing constantly and he was unconsciouslv preparing himself for a different profession which he afterward embraced. To some it may seem quite a leap from the advocating of life insurance, a necessity, to paintings and art objects, which are looked upon as a mere gratification of one's finer impulses. Indeed. Mr. Dunbar thought at first that to cultivate the love for art was only incidental to men and women. Now. he looks upon the subject as entirely different. He feels that it is a real necessity, though it be an aesthetic one, and with this conviction firmly fixed he visits the larger cities of the Middle West, where he exhibits his large and rare collection of paintings, lecturing on modern art and interesting the people in this broad and beautiful subject. This brings him in contact with the most refined and cultured people in each locality, and this fact alone has been verv potent in bringing to Mr. Dunbar a knowledge of the affairs of men from that view-point which is so rarely acquired. While Mr. Dunbar was with the Penn Mutual he organized the Carlton Club, of Milwaukee, and served as president for two terms. He had a definite object in viewin this work which he accomplished. He desired to establish a club for young men where only healthful and good influences would surround them. At the time of organization, the objects of the club received considerable publicity through the daily press, and the announcement that the cardinal point would be the elimination of all liquors from the club premises, aroused the interests of fathers and mothers who had sons growing into young manhood. Within two months after the thirty-four young men, whom Mr. Dunbar called to meet him at the Pfister Hotel, had organized the club had a membership of 350. The problem of entertaining this group of lively boys was not an easy one to solve, but Mr. Dunbar and his assistants devised ways and means, and through the generosity and good offices of that great public-spirited man, the late Hon. John Johnson, a fine club-house was secured at the corner of Grand avenue and Twelfth street. Through the personnel of the club and the varied novel entertainments provided, the club was kept before the public always in a favorable light, although it was obliged to withstand much ridicule because of its stand on the liquor question. It was while Mr. Dunbar was president of the Carlton Club that the Society Derby was run at the State Fair, and the day will never be forgotten by those who attended in the interest of one or another of the six clubs which participated. Fully thirty thousand people were present that day, and the riders on their spirited running horses, and donned in satin blouses and caps made in the colors of the respective clubs, presented a sight that filled the vast audience with excitement and admiration. Clarence R. Falk, in orange and green, rode for the Country Club ; Wm. T. Taylor, black, red and gold, for the Deutscher ; Dr. F. W. Heineman, purple and white, for the Elks ; Ed. O. Oliver, white and blue, for the Yacht Club ; George Schultze, red and orange, for the Calumet ; and Mr. Dunbar, in purple and gold, for the Carltons. The half-mile dash was won by Dunbar for the Carltons amid the most intense excitement of the spectators, and the three-hundred-dollar punch bowl which he won graces his side-board at his modest but artistic little home on Dunbar Place. On June 19, 1907, he married Miss Louise, the daughter of Air. and Mrs. William Lee Scott, of Jerseyville, 111. His wife is of Southern blood, coming from the well-known family of Lees of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Duntar have a little daughter, Martha Louise, born June 22, 1908. Mr. Dunbar is a charter member of the Blue Mound Country Club, and also of the re-organized Milwaukee Athletic Club.

Leo S. Kosak, a linotype operator employed by the Kuryer Publishing Company, was born in Milwaukee, Jan. 10, 1881. He is the son of John and Catherine (Wyrzykowski) Kosak, both of whom were born in the province of Posen, German Poland. His paternal grandparents, with their two children, John and Mary - the latter now the wife of Anton Baranowski - migrated to the United States in 1871 and located in Milwaukee, where they lived the rest of their lives. John Kosak, the father, is a tanner by trade, and for many years has been employed by the Pfister-Vogel Company. He reared a family of three children : Alois, Leo S., and Anastasia. Leo was given the benefit of the scholastic training afforded by St. Hyacinth's parochial school and St. Joseph's normal school, where he took a thorough business course, which included typewriting, shorthand, bookkeeping, and commercial branches. After finishing his course at the normal school he studied law for two years and was a reporter in a justice court for four years. Mr. Kosak became interested in newspaper work, was offered a position with the Kuryer Publishing Company, and was placed in charge of the South Side office. After occupying this position for two years Mr. Kosak took up the operation of the linotype machine, and since then has been employed as an expert linotype operator by the Kuryer

Publishing- Company. On March i, 1905, he was united in marriage to Miss Stanislawa, the daughter of Andrew and Joanna (Okonski) Golla, early Polish settlers of Milwaukee. The issue of this marriage has been two children, Lucy and Casimir. Mr. Kosak and his family are members of St. Stanislaus Polish Catholic church. He is a member of the Polish National Alliance and politically is not associated with any part}'. In Jul}-. 1891, he enlisted as a private in Company K, First Wisconsin infantry, Wisconsin National Guard; a year later he was promoted to corporal, and in 1903 to sergeant, and he served in that rank for three years. On May 21, 1906, he successfully took an examination for promotion to second lieutenant, and a year later he received a commission as first lieutenant and still holds that position in the company.

Edmund Gram, sole proprietor of the Edmund Gram Music House, the leading establishment of its kind in the state, and president of the Gram-Richsteig Piano Company, recently organized, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., on Aug. 23, 1863. He is a son of Charles and Louisa (Lohous) Gram, the former of whom was born in Magdeburg, Germany, on May 22, 1834, and the latter in Buffalo, N. Y., on Sept. 25. 1842. On the maternal side Mr. Gram is descended from Henry Adam, who lived all his life in Germany and won renown in that country. Charles Gram, the father, came to the United States with his parents when but three years of age. The family located in Buffalo and there the father was reared. It was there, also, that he was united in marriage, on Aug. 26, i860, to Miss Louisa Lohous. He was a minister of the gospel of the Lutheran faith, and being tendered a call to St. Paul's Lutheran church of this city he removed here with his family and began his labors on Dec. 19, 1873. He was the father of four children - one son, Edmund, and three daughters: Tillie, now Mrs. George Goetting, of Altamont, 111. ; Alvin, who resides with the family ; and Clara, now deceased. Edmund Gram, the subject of this review, received his education in the public schools of Milwaukee and Markham's Academy (now Milwaukee Academy), and laid the foundation for his business career by a course in the Spencerian Business College. While still a youth he displayed a genius for business. While a boy he sold old iron, rags, and pigeons, until he had accumulated a sufficient sum to purchase a small hand-press, on which he printed visiting cards, and he appointed youthful agents in the city and near-by towns to take orders and deliver his articles of trade. From this small beginning the business developed into large proportions, and he only disposed of his printing outfit to his associates that he might enter the academy to prepare himself for a more extended career. When he had completed his course at the Spencerian Business College he was engaged in pedagogic work for a year. From his boyhood he had an intense love for music and had never neglected an opportunity to become proficient in the various branches of it. After the year he spent in teaching school he was instructor to a large class of students learning to perform upon the violin. Fie also directed choruses and founded the Lyra Male Quartet, of which he is still the director and which this year celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of its founding. Subse- quently he entered the service of Blair & Persons, a wholesale crockery firm of Milwaukee, and worked his way from bill clerk to the position of head bookkeeper and confidential man of that firm. While serving in this capacity he gained business experience which proved of great value to him in after life, especially during the transfer of the business of the old firm to a new stock company, the Blair-Andree Company. Later he accepted a position as head bookkeeper of the Philip Best Brewing Company, and here again his business insight and sagacity were broadened during the transfer of these enormous interests from the Best company to the Pabst Brewing Company. Mr. Gram is a man of fine ideals and business ability, and, as evidenced by his great success in everything which he has undertaken, he may properly be styled a practical idealist. Under the firm name of Gerber & Gram he opened a music store on National avenue about 1883. Like every other venture to which he had directed his attention, the business prospered and the quarters became too small, so he purchased his partner's interest and personally erected a modern five-story building at 207 and 209 Grand avenue. When he took possession of the building he occupied only the basement and the first floor, leasing the second floor to the Luehning Conservatory of Music, while the Commercial Club occupied the remainder of the building. He is now not only using the whole of his own building, but also leases four floors of the adjoining block in order to house his enormous stock of musical instruments. The fifth floor of his own building, the appointments of which are extremely artistic throughout, serves as a concert hall. Mr. Gram is state agent for the world's best makes of pianos, among them the Steinway, the Weber, the Everett, and the Steck - the entire Aeolian line - and the world famous "Welte Artistic Player." During the course of the past year (1908) the Gram-Richsteig Piano Manufacturing Company was organized, with Mr. Gram, whose quarter of a century's experience especially fits him, as president, and Max Richsteig as secretary and general manager. The firm occupies a six-story building at 416-418-420 Eleventh street. Mr. Richsteig is a man of high artistic ideas, was born in Germany, and learned his art under the preceptorship of the great Edward Werner, a piano manufacturer of Berlin, and Henry Kroeger, the superintendent of the Steinway Piano Company. He has served as manager of some of the largest piano plants in Germany and the United States and is recognized by the profession as one of the ablest piano builders in the country. In his political relations Mr. Gram is not allied with any of the existing political parties, and although he is a staunch believer in the tenets of the Republican party he does not permit his party fealty to influence the judicious exercise of his right of suffrage, nor has he ever been a candidate for public office. He is identified with all of the leading musical societies of Milwaukee, was for a time vice-president of the Calumet Club, and is now a member of the Millioki Club, the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Greater Milwaukee Association, and the Citizens' Business League. ( )n Tan. 30, 1890, Mr. Gram was united in marriage to Miss Leonora Bever, of Detroit. Mich., a daughter of Charles and Johanna (Bar-

Music, of Detroit, and is a lady of rare musical talent in both the instrumental and vocal branches. Her brilliant accomplishments have frequently delighted public audiences in this city, tier sister, nee Miss Emma Beyer, now Mrs. J. Farrant Lewis, of Detroit, is one of the most accomplished musicians of the Michigan city. To Mr. and Mrs. Gram have been born five daughters, whose names and dates of birth follow: Viola, April 3, 1891 ; Agnes, Oct. 16, 1893; Gertrude, Dec. 25, 1894; Dorothy, Aug. 29, 1902; and Lois, Nov. 10, 1904. During the past year Mr. Gram has purchased a handsome residence at 331 1 Highland boulevard, which was ready for occupancy during the summer.

Jacob F. Donges, Jr., a prominent merchant of Milwaukee, was born in this city. Jan. 1, i860. He is a son of Jacob F. and Elizabeth Donges, both of whom were born in Germany, the father in 1814 and the mother Jan. 27, 1828. The paternal grandfather was born in 1781, and died in this city in 1862. The father came to Milwaukee in 1842, was a cabinet builder by trade, and was one of the first justices of the peace in the city. He also had the distinction of being a member of the first brass band - playing a clarinet - organized in the city. In i860 he became janitor of the city hall and held the position until his death, Sept. 14, 1871. The mother passed away July 3, 1900. The educational advantages of our subject, Jacob F. Donges, Jr., were exceedingly limited, owing to the fact that at his father's death, in 1871, he assumed the position of janitor of the city hall in order to support his widowed mother and the other six children in the family. The work involved in the position was extremely difficult for a mere boy, but he did it thoroughly and well and won the admiration and respect of all who had or did business at the city offices. At that time there was no central heating plant for the whole building, wood stoves being used in all the offices, and each day he and his sisters carried over a cord of wood up several flights of stairs. The first coal stove installed in the city, which for many years was the only one in the building, was called the "Morning Glory," and for several months was the object of much admiration on the part of all the visitors. Mr. Donges can relate many interesting incidents of the old city hall. He had a boy's natural desire for pets, and as his duties kept him from home the greater part of his time he determined to make the best of his opportunities, and using the city hall tower as a dove cote he raised a flock of pigeons. On the occasion of any great celebration it was the custom of the people to stack some three cords of wood in front of the city hall, and after setting fire to it to enjoy themselves around the huge bonfire. He recalls that in 1872 an epidemic was prevalent among the horses and all the animals belonging to the fire department were afflicted. The chief of the department had recourse to oxen to draw the apparatus, and it occasionally happened that the oxen would become panic stricken and run pell-mell into buildings or anything else in their way, and it would require a large number of men writh ropes to control the frightened beasts. When Mr. Donges gave up his position as janitor of the city hall, Moses Lane engaged him as the first chain boy to make the survey for the Water Works, in 1872. He then became associated in the silk hat business with a friend, Edward Casper, and during the following years was variously identified in business with Herman Tillman, Weisner & Zabel, Fred Gunther, Julius Ernst, and August Fuhrman. In 1884, with a capital of $250, saved from his earnings, he embarked in business under his own name, at 315 Third street, in hats, caps and stoves, taking as his partner his brother, Charles. For nearly a quarter of a century he has conducted this business with great success, and since his brother's death, in 1894, he has had no partner. About 1888 Mr. Donges began to invest in real estate, purchasing first the property which is now known as Fox Point. Some months later he was able to realize a g'ood profit in the sale of the property to Christ Preusser. He then purchased the three miles of lake shore property, which is locally called Donges Bay, organizing the Fish Creek Park Company, which has made of the property two resorts, known as Donges Bay and the Fairy Chasm resorts. The company constructed a dam at a cost of $5,000 to enable it to build an artificial lake some three miles in length. The builders were Oswald Jaeger and Oscar Fromm. It has been said that there is nowhere in Wisconsin a more picturesque place than Mr. Donges' lake shore property. It is hardly conceivable that within a few miles of a city one can get away from the noise and dirt in a place that is almost primeval in its wildness. In his political belief Mr. Donges has given unswerving allegiance to the Republican party but has never sought to become the candidate of that party for any political office. His religious views find expression in membership in the Lutheran church. In April, 1893, was celebrated Mr. Donges' marriage to Miss Alma Bexell, a daughter of John and Frances (Salentein) Bexwell. Two daughters have been the issue of this union - Irma and Elsa - whose respective ages are fourteen and thirteen.

William Norman Fitzgerald is president and manager of the Bradley & Metcalf Company, the oldest shoe-manufacturing concern in the Northwest. He was born Jan. 17, 1862, and received his education in the public schools of Milwaukee, the city of his birth. His father, William Fitzgerald, was one of the pioneer ship builders of the lake region, and also owned and managed considerable vessel property. Mr. Fitzgerald's busines experience commenced as a boy in the office of the house of which he has successively held the positions of secretary, secretary and treasurer and president and treasurer. Tn the years 1906 and 1907 he was president of the Milwaukee Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, and in 1907 he served as president of the Western Shoe Wholesalers' Association. Mr. Fitzg'erald is also a trustee of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Milwaukee, and is a member of the Milwaukee, Town, Press and the Milwaukee Athletic clubs. For many years he has been a factor in social and church circles, having been a trustee of Immanuel Presbyterian church. While he has never aspired to political office, his counsel and advice are frequently sought by the higher officials of the state, and he counts amon£ his close friends some of the leading statesmen of the nation. The steady success which has attended Mr. Fitzgerald s career is due to a remarkable energy, clear foresight, and an executive ability, which not only embodies generalship but also a grasp of detail. He possesses an impressive personality, and is an excellent conversationalist as well as a clear thinking business man.

Phillip Gross is one of the leading hardware merchants of Milwaukee, with an establishment at 126-128 Grand avenue. He is a son of Phillip and Elizabeth (Peterman) Gross, was born at Hagersheim, Germany, Nov. 5, 1835, arRl immigrated to this country in 1853. After the death of the mother, the bereaved father followed the son to this country, in 1855, making his home in Milwaukee for -one year, and then he removed to New Ulm, Minn., where he took an active part in the defense of the frontier settlers against the violent Sioux outbreaks, serving gallantly in the Indian wars of 1862. Following the cessation of hostilities, the father conducted a hotel at New Ulm and made that his home up to the time of his death, in 1895. Meanwhile Phillip Gross, Jr., who had always maintained an ambitious disposition, laid the foundation of his future success, which is a monument to his name and family. In common with most successful merchants, he prepared to qualify himself for the business which he expected to follow, entering the employ of the then leading Milwaukee hardware house, in 1855, but after serving others for ten or twelve years, and having by frugality accumulated sufficient means to justify the purchase of an interest for himself, he availed himself of an opportunity which presented itself at that time. Previously, Mr. Gross (in i860) married Ernstine Bleck, and out of five children born to them, there survive only two : a son, Arthur E. Gross ; and a daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of Charles E. Mueller. Mr. Gross' business associates changed at various periods, but the present substantial house dates from 1880, when he bought out Kieckhefer Brothers, at 110-112 Grand avenue. That store became too small for the volume of business done, and in 1890 he was forced to seek more commodious quarters; his removal to 126-128 Grand avenue at that time marking the location of his present place of business. Because of its rapid growth, Mr. Gross found it necessary to surround himself with able assistants, and in the natural course of events he associated with him his son, Arthur, and also his son-in-law, Mr. Mueller, both of whom are practically in the line, and with Mr. Gross own the stock of the Phillip Gross Hardware Company, the business having been incorporated in 1899, to afford still greater opportunities for successful growth. Besides his hardware holdings, Mr. Gross is prominent in other business affairs, being a director in the Cream City Bedding Company, and in the Wisconsin Furniture Company, as well as a stockholder in a number of other enterprises. He takes a keen and active interest in civic affairs, is a member of the Old Settlers' Club,

Charles A. A. McGee was born at Oconto, Wis., May 25, 1874, the son of James and Anna (Juneau) McGee. The mother, now sixty years of age, is of French and Indian ancestry on the paternal side, and Yankee on the maternal, and she is a granddaughter of Solomon Juneau, the founder of Milwaukee and its first mayor. The maternal grandmother, Olive C. Buttles, was born in Virginia, and her ancestors were Colonial settlers, slave-holders, and officers and soldiers in the Revolutionary army. The father, James Mc- Gee, is of Scotch and Irish ancestry, and was born in St. Johns, New Brunswick, sixty years ago. Charles A. A. McGee is a lawyer, having been admitted to practice after graduating in the college of law of the University of Wisconsin in 1899. He was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and the University of Wisconsin. Since his graduation Mr. McGee has been active in politics and public life. In 1896 he was the originator and one of the four authors of the book entitled "Truth about Money," which was adopted by the Republican National Committee, and he traveled through the states of Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois, speaking continuously for a period of nine weeks, and meeting in joint debate leading men who advocated the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the ratio of sixteen to one. During the past ten years Mr. McGee has taken an active part in the movement for progressive legislation in the state of Wisconsin, and has been a strict adherent and firm supporter of Robert M. La Follette and his policies. In the Republican National Convention, assembled in Chicago in June, 1908, Mr. McGee seconded the nomination of Robert M. La Follette for president of the LTnited States and started the demonstration that continued for over forty minutes. In 1906, he was a candidate for the office of attorneygeneral, but failed to secure the nomination. Mr. McGee is married to Anna Meyer and has three children, all daughters, namely : Elizabeth, nine years of age ; Juneau Thieline, five years ; and Anna Helene, a year and a half. He is a Mason and a Knight of Pythias, is a member of the Milwaukee Athletic and the Deutscher clubs ; the collegiate fraternity, Delta Tau Delta ; and the professional fraternity, Phi Delta Phi.

Arthur S. Green, a popular building contractor of North Milwaukee, was born in the city of Leeds, England, April 14, 1869, the son of Samuel and Sarah (Parker) Green. The father was a contractor and followed that calling through life. He came to the United States in 1869 and located at Buffalo, N. Y., where he was employed by the Federal government as government dam inspector. He also built a part of the Buffalo & New York railroad by contract. In 1874 he removed to Fond du Lac, Wis., from which place he operated several stone quarries throughout the state. He was a member of the Episcopal church and the Good Templars' lodge. His death occurred at Medina, Wis., in 1876, and his wife passed away at North Milwaukee on Jan. 6, 1907. Six children survive the parents:

Joseph, an engineer, of Glidden, Wis.; Mrs. Sarah Walters, of Milwaukee; Arthur S., of this sketch; Harry, a mason contractor of North Milwaukee; Thomas, an officer in the state penitentiary at Waupun; and William, a lumberman at Mountain, Oconto county, Wis. Arthur S. Green received his education in the Kekoskee district and the Mayville high schools. In 1888 he went to South Dakota, where he remained until 1890. He then returned to Wisconsin and was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Parrott, of Oak Center, Wis., and they now have two children, Sadie and Arthur S.. Jr. In the same year that he was married he located at Marshfield, Wis., and in 1893 removed to North Milwaukee, where he entered the building business. Many of the buildings now standing in that town are monuments to his handiwork and skill. In 1900 Mr. Green was elected to the county board, and in 1904 and 1906 was again chosen to represent the town as supervisor. He has always given his official duties careful attention and is noted for receiving consideration for his district, besides getting many public appointments for his constituents. It was mainly through his efforts that the new site of the House of Correction was located in North Milwaukee. A resolution which he introduced and succeeded in carrying after a hard fight was that prohibiting self-confessed or convicted grafters from doing business with the county. It became quite famous before it was finally passed and has since proved its worth.

John S. Inda, 391 Mitchell street, Milwaukee, was born at 542 Mitchell street on Nov. 11, 1876. He is the son of Val and Rose (Roseiszewski) Inda, both born in the province of Posen, German Poland, Nov. 11, 1849, and April 10, 1850, respectively. The parents came to Milwaukee direct from their native land, thirty-six years ago, and have ever since made their home in Milwaukee. John S. Inda received his education in the public and parochial schools of Milwaukee. Since 1903 he has been engaged in the realestate business. He is not allied with any fraternal or political organizations. On Nov. 26, 1901, Mr. Inda was united in marriage to Miss Jessie M. Deiry, a daughter of John M. and Jennie (Russell) Deiry, of Milwaukee. To this union have been born two children, Roger and Doris, now respectively five years and fifteen months old.

Eugene Martin, M. D., No. 2609 Prairie street, Milwaukee, is a native of Conover, Winneshiek county, Iowa, but of German and Austrian antecedents. His parents, Eugene Martin, M. D., born in German)-, and Anna (Kovarik) Martin, born in Austria, first located in Chicago upon coming to this country, and later moved to Towa, then to Green Bay, Wis., and finally, in 1887, they returned to Chicago, where they remained until the death of the father in 1891. Hi all of these places Dr. Martin, Sr., maintained the practice of his profession, which may almost be said to be hereditary, since Dr. Eugene Martin. \r., is the fifth in the direct line that has followed this profession. After her husband's death, Mrs. Martin returned to Austria, in company with Mrs. George M. Hotschick, the United States consul at Trieste, Austria. Eugene Martin, Jr., attended the public schools of Wisconsin, and was also under the instruction of private tutors until he entered college. He began his medical studies under the direction of his father and of Dr. Nicholas Senn, formerly of Milwaukee, and later of Chicago, and was graduated in the medical department of the University of Illinois in 1889. He began his practice in Chicago and remained in practice there until 1903, when, for family reasons, he changed his residence to Milwaukee, that being the home of his wife's parents, Hon. F. W. and Mary Marie (Jacobi) von Cotzhausen. Mr. von Cotzhausen is a member of the legal profession and a well and widely known citizen of Milwaukee, prominent in both professional and social circles. Dr. Martin's marriage to Miss Bertha von Cotzhausen was solemnized in January, 1901, and three children have been born : Irene Marguerite, Eugene Frederick William, and Victoria Marian. Dr. Martin is a member of the Chicago Medical Society, is affiliated with the Illinois State Medical Society, and is the medical examiner for several life insurance companies ; he is also a member of the Knights of the Maccabees. In religious matters he is liberal, and in politics a supporter of the Republican party. Although a resident of Milwaukee for only a short time his reputation as a skillful physician in the larger field afforded by the neighboring city of Chicago had preceded him, and he has taken his place among the leading exponents of his profession in the city.

Stanley E. Czerwinski, one of the foremost phamacists on the South Side of Milwaukee, with a modern place of business at 839 Eighth avenue, was born in the Cream City on Aug. 28, 1876. He is a son af Frank and Felicia (Jankowska) Czerwinski, both natives of the province of Posen, Poland. The father was one of the pioneers of the western part of the United States, going to California with the earliest movers after the discovery of gold there in 1848. Subsequently he returned to Posen and there was married. In 1870 he again returned to the United States and located in Milwaukee with his family, and there he still resides at the hale old age of eighty-four years. His family consists of five children. Ignatz, the eldest, is engaged in the realty business in Milwaukee ; Josephine is the wife of Peter Pawinski ; Albert H. is a druggist; and Praxeda is the wife of Ignatz Sawicki. Stanley E. Czerwinski, the youngest and the subject of this review, received his preliminary education at St. Stanislaus parochial school in Milwaukee and rounded out his scholastic career by a course in Marquette College. When he left the latter institution in 1893 he began the study of pharmacy, and in 1895 passed the examination submitted by the state board of pharmacy for the assistant pharmacist's degree. A year later, after successfully taking the full pharmacist's examination, he was granted the degree of graduate pharmacist by the above mentioned board. It was not until 1899, however, that he embarked in business under his own name at his present location. Success attended the venture from the start, and today he has one of the best patronized as well as one of the best equipped stores on the South Side. Mr. Czerwinski has always been a stanch adherent of the tenets of the Democratic party. For two years he served as a member of the Milwaukee school board, and between 1905 and 1907 was a member of the board of public works. Fraternally he is allied with the Polish National Alliance, St. Augustina's Society, the Polish Sharpshooters, the Harmonia Singing Society, the Polish Turners, the Knights of Columbus, the Kohlsdorf Assembly, Equitable Fraternal Union and the Kosciuszko Hall Association. He was reared in the Catholic faith and is today one of the most devout and sincere communicants of St. Hyacinth's Polish Catholic church. On June 26, 1900, occurred Mr. Czerwinski's marriage to Miss Martha Stormowski, a daughter of Joseph and Catherine (Waieszak) Stormowski, pioneer Polish settlers of Milwaukee. To this union have been born four children : Stanley, Eugene, Marion and Felix.

Nicholas Tylicki, the senior member of the well-known firm of Tylicki & Berner, wholesale and retail grocers at 570 Mitchell street, Milwaukee, Wis., was born in Pennsylvania Sept. 5, 1875. He is the son of Joseph and Antonia Tylicki, both of whom were born in the province of Posen, Germany. They came to America and settled in Pennsylvania, but after living there for a few years moved to Milwaukee and were among the first Polish residents of the city. The elder Tylicki was a cabinet maker by trade and successfully followed this profession until his death, which occurred in 1881. He reared a family of six children : Felix ; Vincentz ; Frank ; Josephine, the wife of Anton Zywicki ; Wladislaus ; and Nicholas. Nicholas Tylicki received the educational training offered by the Polish parochial schools and the public schools of Milwaukee, and while still young began his business career as clerk in a grocery store. He began at the bottom and learned this business very thoroughly ; he gained the confidence and trust of his employers by his industry and faithfulness to duty. He was a careful business man, and by 1893 had accumulated sufficient capital to engage in business. A partnership was formed with his brotherin-law, but at the end of three years this partnership was dissolved and Mr. Tylicki carried on the business alone. About three years later he was offered an excellent position as salesman for a flouring mill and sold out his store to acept it. In a short time he became salesman for a wholesale grocery house and was one of their most popular and esteemed employes. In 1904 the present firm of Tylicki & Berner was established and it has grown to a large and prosperous business. This grocery house is one of the largest of its kind in Milwaukee, carrying a $20,000 stock, and it does an annual business of $75,000. Mr. Tylicki was united in marriage in April, 1897, with Mary, the daughter of Simon Drzewuzewski, of Milwaukee, and has three children : Lottie, Sylvia, and Eugene. He is a member of St. Josaphat's Polish Catholic concreq-ation and of the Modern Woodmen of America. Politicallv he is affiliated with the Democratic party.

Henry Smith, who has been prominent in the public life of Milwaukee for many years, was born in Baltimore, Md., July 22, 1838. He is the son of Henry and Catherine (Wetter) Smith, both of whom were born in Westphalia, Germany, March 30, 1806, and Jan. 31, 1800, respectively. The paternal grandfather was a school teacher in the latter part of the Eighteenth and early part of the Nineteenth century, and his wife was a French woman, Gertraud De LaCourt by name, and a

Huguenot in religious belief. The maternal ancestry dates back directly 650 yaers, as farmers with large land holdings, which were transmitted from father to son under the law as it then existed. The home of the family was substantially built of stone, and as the mother would relate stories of her girlhood days to her children she would tell of the marks left by cannon balls on the walls during the Thirty Years' war. One maternal uncle was killed while serving in Napoleon's army at Borodino, a cannon-ball cutting his body in two ; two other maternal uncles came to the United States in 1807, one settling in Philadelphia and the other in Baltimore, Mel, and both prospered and became substantial citizens. Still another maternal uncle located on a farm near Dubuque, la., in the thirties, and two of his daughters become teachers in the public schools. The parents came to the United States in 1832, and landed in Baltimore, where their residence continued for a period of six years. Thence they removed with their family to a farm near Massillon, Stark county, Ohio. On the first of September, 1844, having learned of the possibilities of Milwaukee, the father started for that place with his family, going by the Ohio & Erie canal to Cleveland, and thence by side-wheel steamer to Milwaukee, the landing being made at the old North pier, which extended into Lake Michigan at the foot of Huron street. Since Sept. 12, 1844, the day of landing, Mr. Smith has been a resident of the Cream City. His educational advantages were such as were afforded by the public schools of Milwaukee prior to 1848. When he had completed his scholastic training he learned the trade of millwright, embracing also the mastery of planing machinery and buildings -for manufacturing purposes, and he has had more than fifty years' experience in the line. Mr. Smith has had an unique political career. He assisted in the organization of the Greenback and the People's parties. From 1868 to 1872 he represented his ward in the common council, being elected independent of party, and from 1876 to 1878 again served in that capacity. In 1878 he was a member of the lower house of the state legislature, and in the Blue Book of that date he is credited as a Socialistic representative. In 1880 he was again elected alderman, and two years later as city comptroller, serving one term of two years. Again in 1884, he was elected alderman for three years, and before the expiration of that term was elected, in 1886. a member of Congress from the Fourth Wisconsin district on the People's party ticket, having the distinction of being the first candidate of the party to be elected to that office. As congressman he served but one term. In 1898 he was again elected alderman, and has continued to represent his ward since that time, the term he is now filling expiring in 19 12. Mr. Smith also served as a member of the board of trustees of the Milwaukee public museum for four years. Fraternally he is prominently identified with the Masonic order, being a member of Kilbourn lodge, No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons; Kilbourn chapter, No. 1, Royal Arch Masons ; and Kilbourn council, No. 9, Royal and Select Masters. Mr. Smith has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Christina Schaefer, born in St. Louis, Mo., May 22, 1848, to whom he was united on Aug. 14, 1864. Mrs. Smith died on July 29, 1873, leaving beside her husband four children : Albert, Grace, Jennie, and

Charles, the eldest of whom is now forty-three years of age. On Jan. 14, 1875, Air. Smith was united in marriage to IVfiss Alary Eimerman, born on a farm in the town of Rhine, Sheboygan county, Wis., Sept. 16, 1852. To this second union has been horn one child, Clinton Smith, now twenty-nine years of age.

David Vance, well-known in Milwaukee and the other large lake ports as a ship-owner and vessel broker, was born in 1 lei fast, Ireland, but was brought to the United States in infancy by his parents, who located in Jefferson county, X. Y. There he attended school and passed the early years of his life on a farm. In 1854 he came to Milwaukee, and when sixteen years old became a sailor on the lakes. Promotions came rapidly, and it was not long before he was the master of a vessel, even before he was twenty-one, a capacity in which he served for more than fifteen years. When he gave up the occupation of a sailor in his thirty-second year he returned to Milwaukee and established the vessel brokerage and the marine insurance business, in which he has since been interested, retaining at the same time a financial interest in the vessels of which he had been master. The firm of David Vance & Company is to-day not only one of the oldest but one of the best established on the lakes. To it can be credited much of the rapid development of the marine trade of the Great Lakes. Personally Mr. Vance is a man exceedingly popular with those with whom he has business transactions, of exemplary habits, great mental vigor and keen business judgment. He has served as president of the Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce, and he represented the district composed of the Fifth and Twelfth wards of the city of Milwaukee in the lower house of the legislature in the sessions of 1876 and 1877.