Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 27 of 35)

Edmond J. Lindsay, of the firm of Lindsay Brothers, one of the largest wholesale implement houses in the United States, was born in Dundee, Scotland, on June 22, 1838. He is a son of David and Jessie (Edmond) Lindsay, the former a native of Dundee and the latter of Glasgow, Scotland. The mother was born on July 21, 1813, the eighth in order of birth of the thirteen children of James and Ann (McKim) Edmond. Her father was' a successful manufacturer and an active member of the Scotch Baptist church. David Lindsay, the father of Edmond J., was also a prominent manufacturer, and his marriage to Jessie Edmund occurred on Jan. 9, 1837. By a previous marriage he had four children - two sons and two daughters - all under twelve years of age. Soon after their marriage the parents felt the burden of the severe financial trouble of 1837 which swept the country. In 1840 fire destroyed the father's milling property, and the doubled trial made it necessary to form new plans. In October, 1840, David Lindsay sailed for America as a steerage passenger on the Brittannia, the first steamer of the Cunard line. His wife was left with her four step-children and two sons, Edmond and William, in Dundee, while he sought a new field. In May of the following year, with the six children, the mother sailed to join her husband, and arrived in New York on July 4, after a stormy passage of seven weeks. Two years were spent in New York, but the business' opportunities were not what the father had anticipated, and attracted by tales of the fertility of the soil and the unlimited resources, they determined to seek their fortunes in the new territory. So, in June, 1843, they started for the West, their destination being what is now Fox Lake. The trip was made by steamer to Albany, the Erie canal to Buffalo, and a sailing vessel to Milwaukee. Three weeks' were consumed in the trip between Buffalo and Milwaukee, and a landing was made at a pier at the foot of what is now Huron street. The overland journey was made with teams, eighty miles northwest, and the condition of the roads was such as to cause indescribable hardship.( Eighty acres of land were purchased from the government at a dollar and a quarter an acre, and the father erected on it the first frame house erected in the town of Trenton, Dodge county. On Thanksgiving day of that year the home was occupied and the newlife was begun. Within twelve years after her marriage the mother was left a widow with six small children, the eldest eleven years old. With renewed courage she undertook the battle of life and imbued her children with the spirit that makes for the betterment of mankind. In 1861 her only daughter passed away in the sixteenth year of her age, and the sons 'did what they could to fill the vacant place. Each one received the limited educational advantages afforded by the log school-house curriculum, and as they reached manhood they passed out of the family home to make domiciles for themselves. During the last thirty-five years of her life the mother made her home in the homes of her sons in Mil- waukee. She was a devout member of the First Baptist church and before the infirmities of age overcame her she was active in the work of the Sunday school and the Woman's Mission Circle, Her death occurred on Nov. 15, 1907, at the home of her son, William Lindsay. Her age was ninety-four years, three months and twenty-five days. The son, Edmond J. Lindsay, was reared amid the scenes of agricultural life. When he had completed the course offered at the log school house he engaged in pedagogic work, and for several years he was actively interested in it. His last labors in the scholastic field were as principal of the Fox Lake school. For a number of years following he had a varied career, including a period of produce-buying and the sale of agricultural implements at Fox Lake. In 1870 he was appointed agent for the Cayuga Chief Company, of Auburn, N. Y., and removed to Milwaukee to take charge of their agency here. In 1872 he and his brother William organized the firm of E. J. and William Lindsay, which continued until 1884. In that year two other brothers were admitted, and the firm which now comprised Edmond J., William, G. I. and Henry Lindsay, became known as Lindsay Brothers. The company does a wholesale manufacturing business which extends all over the Northwest and into Canada, the northwestern headquarters being at Minneapolis, and those for Canada at Winnipeg. Started in a small way, the firm has by honesty and fair dealing made its way until now it is one of the largest concerns of its kind in the United States. Beside his interest in the firm of Lindsay Brothers, Edmond J. Lindsay is a trustee of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, in which he is a member of the financial and executive committees ; a director of the Marine National Bank, the Milwaukee Gas Company and the Fuller & Warren Company, and he is the president of the Central Investment Company, which owns the Chamber of Commerce and the Mitchell buildings. Fraternally he is identified with the National Union. While engaged in teaching in Fox Lake Mr. Lindsay was united in marriage, on Oct. 25, 1861, to Miss Celia E. Hawes, a native of St. Lawrence county, New York state. This union has been blessed with six children : Arthur H. is cashier of the Marine National Bank; George W. and Frank H. are identified with Lindsay Brothers ; Walter E. resides in New York ; Edmond J., Jr., is manager of the Milwaukee Transfer & Storage Company, and Jessie E. is the wife of Professor Hoben, of the Lmiversity of Chicago.

Edward Sack, a well-known and proficient harness-maker, was born in Germany on April 5, 1857, a son of Joseph and Marvina (Dosick) Sack, both native Germans. The mother passed away in 1863. The father was a finely educated man, a teacher by vocation, who came to this country and spent his last days here. Mr. Sack attended the public schools of his native land, and then spent four years as an apprentice to the harness-maker's trade. Between the a.^es of eighteen and twenty-three he traveled through Germany, working as a journeyman in most of the large cities of that country. In t 88 t he migrated to the United States and settled in Mil- waukee, and ever since has made this city his home. In 1803 he engaged in the harness business, and has since been most prosperously engaged in it. His thorough knowledge of the business, gained through years of experience and his skilled workmanship, made the venture a success from the start. Mr. Sack was reared in the Roman Catholic faith and is today a devout communicant of that church. His fraternal relations are with the Sts. Peter and Paul branch of the Catholic Family Protective Association of Wisconsin. Mr. Sack was united in marriage, in 1883, to Miss Helen Broecker, a daughter of Joseph Broecker, of Milwaukee. One son, Albert, born on Oct. 9, 1887, is tne issue of this union. Albert is now associated in business with his father.

Frank Ziegler, who is recognized as one of the leading candy manufacturers of the middle west, is a native Milwaukeean, born there on Oct. 9, 1856. He is the third child and the second son of George Ziegler and Barbara Ziegler, nee Boll, both natives of Germany. He was reared on the West Side of the city and received his education in the parochial and public schools of the city of Milwaukee. Prior to entering the candy factory of Boll & Ziegler, in 1871, he had six months' experience on a candy wagon, selling from store to store, after which time he went into the factory as an apprentice, and he showed such aptitude and applicability in his chosen profession that he soon mastered the art of manufacturing confectionery, and in the course of three years he was in a position to assume control of his father's factory. By close application he developed into the master of his teachers and continued to rise from the very beginning, until he has the reputation of a practical man in his line which is equal to the best in this country. He was always of a progressive disposition, and with the aid of his father developed their factory from one with forty employes at his commencement to the one of its present magnitude. On June 30, 1888, they had the misfortune to be burned out on the present site of the Gimbel Brothers store, which misfortune compelled the seeking of new quarters, and the factory at 233 to 239 East Water street was then established. It was a Herculean task for him to get his factory into operation for the fall business, which task he accomplished, however, but the consequence was a breaking down of his nervous system, which finally resulted in his seeking renewal of health in a trip abroad in 1887. While on his travels in Scotland during this period he had occasion to give a practical demonstration of his ability as a confectioner to Buchanan Brothers, of Glasgow, who, after realizing his ability, made him a very flattering offer to accept the management of their plant. He felt, however, that he had better prospects at home and declined the offer. In 1887, when the present business was incorporated, he was elected vice-president and continued to act in the capacity of superintendent, which office he held up to the time of his father's death, which occurred on Feb. 24, 1904. After the death of his father he was elected president, which position he holds at the present time. On Jan. 22, 1878, Frank Ziegler was united in marriage with Mary, the daughter of Joseph and Madeline Klein, of Milwaukee. Six children have been born to this union: Margaret, in 1880; George, in 1881 ; Josephine, in 1883; Clara, in 1885; Lillia, in 1886, and J. Edmund, in 1890. Mr. Ziegler professes the Catholic faith and is a member of the St. Joseph's church. He is a Democrat in politics. He is a member of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, the Catholic Order of Foresters, and the St. Joseph's Sodality.

Rev. John F. Bading is now living a retired life in Milwaukee after a busy career of fifty-five years in the Lutheran ministry, forty years of the time as pastor of St. John's' Church of Milwaukee. He was born at Rixdorf, Berlin, Prussia, Nov. 24, 1824, the son of John G. and Anna (Wanzlick) Bading, born respectively in 1803 and 1807, in Rixdorf, Berlin, and he is a descendant of a direct line of freeholders, of whom the first is known in 1727. Rev. Bading received his classical and theological education in the mission seminary in Berlin and at Hermansburg, Hanover. In 1853 he was sent to this country by the Evangelical Society of Langenberg, Rhenish-Prussia, was ordained on Oct. 6, 1853, and took charge of the first parish at Calumet, Fond du Lac county, Wis. Here he remained but sixteen months and then assumed charge of a parish at Theresa, Dodge county, Wis. In i860 he accepted a call to WTatertown, where he remained until October, 1868, when he came to Milwaukee to assume the pastorate of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church. He remained as pastor of that church for forty years, retiring on Oct. 4, 1908, forty years to the day on which he accepted the charge. In i860 Rev. Mr. Bading was chosen president of the synod of Wisconsin and other states and served in that capacity continuously for twenty-six years. In 1863 he was sent to Europe by the synod for the purpose of securing funds for the establishment of the Northwestern University of Watertown, and as such representative traveled throughout Germany and Russia, delivering addresses and lectures. He was receivd in audience by King George V, of Hanover; Prince Frederick Charles, of Prussia, the conqueror of Metz during the Franco-Prussian war and a nephew of Emperor William I of Germany ; Grand Duke Peter, of Oldenburg, and the Duke Soworow, the governor of St. Petersburg. He also obtained a special permit from Alexander II, czar of Russia, to deliver lectures and addresses throughout the Russian domain. After seventeen months of travel he returned to the United States with sufficient funds to establish the university, and as a recognition of his ceaseless labor he was elected president of the board of trustees, a position he still occupies. In 1882 Mr. Bading was elected president of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America, and he still fulfills the duty of that, the highest official position in the power of the church to confer. When he retired from active service as pastor of St. John's church the congregation insisted on retaining him as assistant pastor for the remainder of his life, thus permitting him to enjoy a well-deserved rest after an active career of more than fifty-five years in the ministry, as a vigorous worker, a competent official, and a beloved pastor. He was formerly a director and first vice-president of the German Society of Milwaukee, and was the officiating clergyman at the banquet given to Prince Henry of Prussia, who requested that the venerable clergyman be presented to him. Although Mr. Bading has been unswerving in his allegiance to the Republican party he has never sought public office. On Jan. 22, 1854, at Brooklyn, N. Y., was celebrated his marriage to Miss Dorothea Ehlers, daughter of William and Dorothea (Hornbostel) Ehlers, of Hermansburg, Hanover, Germany. Nine children were born to this union, three of whom died in infancy. Dr. John P. Bading, for many years a practicing physician, died in 1887. The survivors are Mrs. Dorothea Notz, widow of the late Prof. Eugene A. Notz; Mathilda, a teacher in this city; William C, an attorney-at-law, of Seattle, Wash. ; Ida. at home, and Gerhard A., commissioner of health of Milwaukee, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work.

Charles G. Forster, one of the leading business men of Milwaukee, president of the Forster Lumber Company, the M. Hilty Lumber Company, the Forster Brothers Company, and the Forster- WThitman Lumber Company, and vice-president of the A. O. Smith Company, was born in Milwaukee on Aug. 13, 1858. He is a son of John and Walburga Forster, both of whom were born in Bavaria. The father rendered distinguished service in the Bavarian army under King Maximilian. Mr. Forster received the educational advantages afforded by St. Joseph's parochial school and when but fifteen years of age left the institution to accept a position with J. S. Mabbitt & Company. Two months later he was made bookkeeper, and through the various changes of management of the company retained the position until May, 1879. He then became bookkeeper for Holzhauer & Forster, and after Mr. Holzhauer's retirement from the concern in 1881, he was made a partner in the company with his uncle, George Forster, the firm name being changed to Forster & Company. Until 1885 the firm did a profitable retail business at Cherry and Cape streets, and in that year it was incorporated as the Forster Lumber Company. In 1899 it retired from the retail end of the business and engaged in the manufacture of lumber. Also, in 1899, the Forster Brothers Company was formed, with a saw-mill and timber holdings in Schoolcraft county, Mich., and a mill at Munising, and, in 1902, Mr. Forster purchased an interest in the M. Hilty Lumber Company, wholesale and retail lumber firms in the city. With A. O. Smith Mr. Forster later organized the A. O. Smith Company, dealers in automobile parts and steel stampings, and was made vice-president of the same. The Forster-Whitman Lumber Comapny, the other concern in which Mr. Forster is interested, has saw-mills and planingmills at Hiles, Wis., and was organized on April 12. 1006. Tin's last-named company employs between 300 and 400 men. One of the best evidences of Mr. Forster's executive ability is the fact that the companies in whose direction he is actively interested employ some 1.500 men. He is also interested as a stockholder and director in various other concerns throughout the city and state. In November, 1885, he became a member of Troop A, Wisconsin National Guard, known locally as the Light Horse Squadron, and served in the same until 1893, receiving the various promotions up to and including that of sergeant. He is not allied with any of the existing political parties, preferring to exercise his right of franchise as his better judgment dictates rather than at the will of party leaders. He was reared in the Roman Catholic faith and is today one of the most devout communicants of the church of that denomination. Fraternally he is associated with the Knights of Columbus and the Calumet Club. On Nov. 24, 1892, occurred Mr. Forster's marriage to Miss Emilie V. Yahr, a daughter of F. T. and Emilie (Schaal) Yahr, formerly of Princeton, Wis., now of Milwaukee. To this union have been born six children, whose names and ag'es follow: Carl A., fifteen; Gertrude I., fourteen; Viola M., eleven ; Irene W., nine ; Emilie, five, and Margaret, three.

Samuel Marshall. - In carefully compiling the biographical volume of this work, special mention must be accorded those citizens who have been most prominently identified with the various departments of commerce and finance, and whose labors and exertions, combined with their ability and enterprise, and the sagacious use of their capital, have so largely contributed to the city's wonderful prosperity and progress. Samuel Marshall was born of Quaker parentage in the village of Concordville, Dataware county, Pa., on Nov. 24, 1820. His father, Samuel Marshall, was a member of a family who came from Elton Farm, Derbyshire, England, and who date their residence in Pennsylvania back to the time of the founding of Philadelphia by William Penn. The house in which he was born was built by Thomas Marshall, a paternal ancestor, in 1726, and the deed for the land on which the house still stands bears the seal of William Penn. His mother was Philena Pusey, whose paternal ancestor came over in the vessel with William Penn, landing with him at Chester, Pa., where together they built and operated a grist-mill. Later the Pusey family moved to the neighborhood of London Grove, Pa. The son of a farmer, Samuel Marshall was early accustomed to the privations and hard manual labor of farm life. The local educational opportunities were not high, but he took dvantage of what was within his reach, attending the private schools and going, at the age of thirteen years, as a boarder to the Friends' School at Westtown, Chester county, Pa. Two years later, after continuing his studies at odd hours and upon days when he could be spared from the work upon his father's farm, he entered Belmont Academy, near Philadelphia. A winter at that institution completed his education as far as the schools were concerned. In the spring of 1836 he was apprenticed by his father to a hardware merchant at Wilmington, Del., for five years, the stipulation being that he should receive forty-five dollars a year with his board. Afterward he found employment in a hardware store in Philadelphia, where he remained until 1846. Although lie received such a small salary he managed by frugality and thrift to lay by a sum of money which, added to a few thousand dollars left him by his father, became the foundation of his banking enterprise. In 1847 ne started West, stopping in Pittsburg to consult a friend, who advised him to embark in the banking business, although without experience therein. The same year he came to Milwaukee and rented one-half of a small store on East Water street, near Huron, and with his slender capital, and unassisted, he opened the bank which, later, with Charles F. Ilsley as a partner, became the Marshall & Ilsley Bank, the oldest continuous bank in the Northwest. Mr. Marshall was painstaking, industrious, strictly honorable, and conservative, ajid by these qualities soon won the confidence of the public. On Jan. 1, 1853, he organized the State Bank at Madison, the first state bank to be organized under the general banking law, and he remained its president until 1890. In 1901 he resigned the presidency of the Marshall & Ilsley Bank, although he retained his interest in it. In 1887 the Marshall & Ilsley Bank was made a state bank under the same name. After founding the State Bank at Madison he lived in the capitol city for a number of years, but later removed to Milwaukee, where* he resided until his death. He was interested in the founding of the Milwaukee Public Library, the Historical Library at Madison, and the Humane Society. He derived great pleasure in the keeping of domestic animals, for whom he had a great love. Mr. Marshall was one of the incorporators of the Milwaukee City Railway, which operated the first street cars in the city, in 1865, and he was also one of the first board of directors of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Among his other business interests was the presidency of the Milwaukee Cement Company. He occupied a distinguished position in the financial and commercial world, where his sterling ideas of honor and integrity were honored and esteemed. During the panic of 1893 he was daily at the bank, and a glance at his face gave assurance to anxious depositors that their interests were in safe hands. That was the third panic through which his sagacity and wisdom safely guided the institution. In his political belief he was a stanch Republican, but despite the urgent solicitation of many friends and the fact that he was keenly interested in public affairs, he steadily refused to become a candidate for public office. He was one of the most thoroughly trusted and respected figures, whose name had for half a century carried with it for all who knew him the impression of strictest probity, of plain living and straight dealing, of a man of whom it could be literally said that "his word was as good as his bond." I fe was generous and public-spirited in a quiet way, and in his social and personal relations was a most kindly, benignant character. His chief contribution to the upbuilding of his adopted city was his careful guidance of its financial energy into safe channels. He was a man of forceful character, with a keen mind, well stored from solid reading. Always tenderly alive to the cry of struggling humanity, he would seek out the deserving, and in an inconspicuous way would assist them. To those in his employ he was always a wise and kind friend, and many remained in his employ a lifetime. For more than forty years he journeyed to Philadelphia to attend the annual meetings of the Friends' Society, and at such times his deeply religious spirit would be refreshed and strengthened, and he enjoyed converse with relatives and friends. His home life was ideal, and his hospitable nature always made delightful the visits of neighbors and friends. Probably nowhere could be found a man to whom might more aptly be applied the Biblical quotation: "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of his days is peace." Mr. Marshall was twice married. In 1850 he was united in wedlock to Miss Elizabeth Grubt, of Wilmington, Del., and together they came to Milwaukee and settled in a brick house at the corner of Wisconsin and Jackson streets. Mrs. Marshall died in 1851, leaving, beside her husband, a son, who passed away in 1854. In 1857 Mr. Marshall married Miss Emma Hager, of Middlebury, a daughter of Jonathan and Louise (Trudeau) Hager, the latter a French-Canadian. To this union were born four children, all of whom survived him. Air. Marshall's demise occurred on Sept. 1, 1907.

Jacob Elias Friend is one of the influential men of the city of Milwaukee : and a well-known member of the bar, but during the past few years he has devoted the greater part of his time to caring for his extensive private interests. He is a native of Milwaukee, where he was born on Dec. 6, 1857, the only child of Elias and Rosa (Stern) Friend, the former of whom was born in Bavaria, Germany, Aug. 20, 1824, and the latter in Albany, N. Y., on March 1, 1839. The 'paternal grandfather, Louis Friend, was a member of the body-guard of the king of Bavaria and fought against the Austrians under Napoleon in the war which began in 1805, Bavaria at that time being an ally of France. The maternal ancestors came from Germany to the United States about 1839, after which the grandfather engaged successfully in the business of a coal merchant. Elias Friend, the father of the subject of this review, came to America in company with his brother, Henry Friend, in 1840, and together they shared the hardships, privations and the many obstacles' which confront every mam striving for success. He first drifted to Pennsylvania and later to Alabama, coming to Milwaukee in 1847, and there was among the earliest pioneers. The two brothers engaged in the retail dry goods and clothing business, and in 1848 were joined by another brother, Meyer Friend, when the firm of H. Friend & Brothers was established. Their industry, integrity and business ability brought /them assured success, and in 1868 the business was removed to Broadway and Michigan street, where larger and more spacious quarters gave them an opportunity to meet the needs of the business, which had grown to large proportions. They then devoted their entire time to the wholesale clothing business, which developed into one of the largest establishments of its kind in. the West. It is still in existence and is one of the largest corporations doing business in the city of Milwaukee. During his life-time Elias Friend was always read}' to assist and lend his aid to any worthy cause. He was held in the highest esteem by all who knew him, and his honorable career is a heritage of which any son may be proud. He died on Nov. 5, 1890, and his widow still resides in Milwaukee. Jacob Elias Friend, whose name introduces this review, received his early education in the public schools of his native city, and later attended the Milwaukee Academy, in which he graduated with the class of 1874. He then began the study of law, and after due preparation matriculated at tin- Columbia University College of Law, in New York city, and graduated in 1878 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee shortly after his graduation, being admitted to the bar in 1879, ancl ms first association was under the firm name of Dey & Friend. By the addition of a third partner the firm was' afterward styled Chapin, Dey & Friend, but subsequently Mr. Friend became a member of the firm of Williams, Friend & Bright, continuing in that connection until 1892, when he engaged in practice by himself and established a large and lucrative business. His active legal practice continued over a period of twenty years, but since 1899 he has given the greater part of his attention to his extensive business interests outside of the field of law. He has been very active in the upbuilding of the Nordberg Manufacturing Company, of which he is president, manufacturers of engines and mining machinery. He is vice-president of the Friend Brothers Clothing Company, manufacturers of clothing, and he also is director and chairman of the executive committee of the Northwestern National Insurance Company, of Milwaukee. Besides the interests mentioned, he is interested in other large enterprise, and is a director in the National Exchange Bank of Milwaukee. He has served as vice-president and has been president for a number of years of the Greenwood cemetery, and he is a member of the Federated Jewish Charities, being also actively identified with many other charitable institutions. His political views are in harmony with the platform expressions of the Republican party, and he was a member of the state legislature during the sessions of 1883 and 1885, being elected in 1882 and reelected in 1884. He served as a member of the board of fire and police commissioners of Milwaukee three years, from 1902 to 1905, and he has been otherwise active in public affairs and in the counsels' of his party. He was married on April 29, 1885, to Miss Alice, daughter of Albert and Julia (Fries) Levy, of Cincinnati, Ohio. and to this union there have been born three children: Robert I... Margaret A. and James A. In religious affairs Mr. Friend is a member of the Jewish church, and he is intensely interested in all the Jewish institutions, both religious and charitable. He is a members of the University and Deutscher clubs of Milwaukee, the Milwaukee Bar Association, the Queen City Club of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the Engineers' Club of New York.

Alfred J. Cohn, D. D. S., is one of the prominent figures among the dentists of Milwaukee. He was born in that city on July 2J . 1869, the son of Hugo Cohn, who is mentioned more particularly iri the sketch of another son, Dr. Arthur Cohn. Dr. Alfred J. Cohn received his preliminary educational advantages in the public schools of Milwaukee, and in 1890 received the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery from the dental department of the University of Pennsylvania. Soon afterward he located in Milwaukee, and this city has ever since been his home. He has been most successfully engaged professionally and has won for himself an excellent reputation among the other practitioners of the city. Although he has been a stanch Republican ever since taking interest in political matters, he has never sought public preferment for himself. Fraternally and socially Dr. Cohn is identified with the Milwaukee Musical Society, the Blue lodge of the Masonic order, and the Knights of Pythias, and in the latter order is a past chancellor. On Oct. 24, 1 901, Dr. Cohn was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Independence Saxe, who was born in Milwaukee in 1879. Mrs. Conn's parents, Louis and Marie (Swartz) Saxe, both now deceased, were among the early settlers of Milwaukee.

William A. Schroeder, of 315 Nineteenth avenue, Milwaukee, treasurer of the Schroeder lumbering business, is a native of the Cream City and was born on Aug. 24, 1862. His parents, John and Margaret Schroeder, were born in Hanover, Germany. The paternal family immigrated to this country, locating in St. Louis, where the father worked as a teamster for a number of years, subsequently removing to Milwaukee, where he followed the same line of business. Later he started the lumber business, in which line he has been most successful, and has built up one of the largest industries of Milwaukee. William A. was educated in the public and private schools of this city, then took a course in the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee, and later attended the Lutheran Northwestern University of Watertown, Wis., in which institution he was graduated in 1878. After leaving college he entered the lumber firm with his father, having charge of the lumber yards on the south side of the city, and is now also treasurer for the whole business, which includes a large mill on the north side, large tracts of timberland in northern Wisconsin, and other saw-mills at Ashland, Wis. In politics Mr, Schroeder is independent, and his many duties in connection with his business have given him little time to participate in practical politics. His religious faith is expressed by membership in St. John's Lutheran church, of Milwaukee. On Oct. 12, 1887, he was married to Miss Johanna Starke, daughter of August and Mary (Olting) Starke, of Milwaukee, and to this union four children have been born, namely: Edwin, Alfred, Norma, and Henry. Mr. Schroeder is one of the representative citizens of Milwaukee and holds a recognized position in commercial circles in the city.

William Dunlop Harper was born in Milwaukee on Jan. 13, 1858, the son of William Dunlop and Margaret (McGregory) Harper. The father was born on June 23, 1826, and the mother on April 30, 1830. Together the parents came to this country from Scotland, where they were married on June 14. 1850. For six years the father followed his trade of Brussels weaver, and on Oct. 20, 1854, he came to Milwaukee, wdiere he changed his occupation to that of painter. He died on Sept. n, 1903, and is survived by his widow. William Dunlop Harper, Jr., was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee, and upon his graduation in the high school he became cashier for the I. N. Morton Drug Company. After two years he became associated with his father as a painter. In 1903 he became deputy sheriff of Milwaukee county, serving one term. He later became claim agent for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, and then building inspector of the city of Milwaukee. In politics Mr. Harper is a republican and his administration of the office of deputy sheriff was marked by unswerving fidelity and energy in enforcing the laws of the commonwealth. lie has held the office of assistant secretary of the county and city Republican committees. Mr. Harper's wife is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. His children attend the Congregational church. Mr. Harper was married on July 31, 1878, to Miss Cary E. Bowes, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Hartley) Bowes, of Milwaukee, and the following children have blessed their union : William James, born July 29, 1881 ; Arthur Charles, born Sept. 20, 1883, and died May 25, 1894; David McGregor, born Jan. 23, 1886, and Gordon Meral, born Jan. 28, 1895. Mr. Harper's residence is at 35 Thirty-third street, Milwaukee.

Abner Zartzin, D. D. S., 213 Nineteenth street, was born in New York, N. Y., on Jan. 27, 1877, the son of Bernard Zartzin, of whom more particular mention is made elsewhere in this volume in the sketch of .another son. Dr. Zartzin received his preliminary educational advantages in the public and high schools of Milwaukee, and in 1898 received the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery from the Chicago Dental College. Immediately .after graduation he came to Milwaukee, and here he has since been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. Ever since he. became a citizen he has been aligned with the Republican party, but has never sought public preferment for himself. Dr. Zartzin is unmarried.

Albert J. Richter, D. D. S., is one of the leading dentists of Milwaukee, and was born in that city on May 20, 1859. He is the son of Dr. Albrecht Richter, of whom more particular mention is made in the sketch of Dr. Rudolph G. Richter, another son, elsewhere in this volume. After completing his early educational training in the German-English Academy of Milwaukee, he entered the dental office of his father, and under the able preceptorship of his parent, thoroughly mastered the details of the profession. Me worked with his father for a number of years, and at his death succeeded to his practice, which he has maintained with the same degree of excellence ever since. For several years Dr. Richter was a member of Troop A, First Cavalry, Wisconsin National Guard, locally known as the Light Horse Squadron, and when he retired he had risen to the rank of first sergeant. Professionallv he is identified with the Wisconsin State Dental Societv, and he is now serv- ing' as president of the Milwaukee Riding Club, in which he has been actively interested since its organization. Politically he is a Republican and in religious matters is allied with St. Mark's Episcopal church. Dr. Richter has been twice married. By his first wife, nee Hattie Jean Roberts, a daughter of John and Elizabeth Roberts, of Milwaukee, he was the father of three children, two of whom died in infancy, and Hattie S. died at the age of five years. Mrs. Hattie Jean (Roberts) Richter passed away in 1892. On May 20, 1894, was celebrated Dr. Richter's union to Miss Annie S. Dykes, a native of Oshkosh, Wis., and a daughter of Sylvester and Elizabeth (Birmingham) Dykes, of Milwaukee.

Dr. A. Leo Richter is one of the prominent figures in odontological circles in Milwaukee. He was ,born in that city on Aug. 24. 1866, the son of Dr. Albrecht Richter, of whom more particular mention is made in the sketch of another son, Dr. Rudolph G. Richter. His early educational advantages were received in the Milwaukee Academy, and he began the study of dentistry with his brothers, Henry and R. G. In 1884, after serving for a time with Dr. J. S. Reynolds, he became a registered dentist, and has since that time been actively and successfully engaged in his chosen profession. In politics Dr. Richter is a stanch Rpublican and in religious matters is allied with the Lutheran church. Fraternally Dr. Richter is identified wnth the Knights of Pythias.

George Dutton Ladd, M. D., was for many years one of the most successful medical practitioners in Milwaukee. He is the son of Edwin Orlando and Sarah (Crandall) Ladd, the former of whom was born in Woodstock. Vt., and the latter at Hartford in the same state. The paternal grandfather, Mason Ladd, was born in Woodstock and spent all his life there. The father. Edwin O., was engaged in the insurance business, and brought his family to Milwaukee in 1856. Here he died in April, 1899, at the ripe old age of eightytwo years, and his widow passed away in 1906. Of the six children born to the parents four grew to maturity, and three of the latter are now living. Dr. Ladd attended the public schools of Milwaukee and Markham's Academy, and for his professional training went to Chicago, where, in 1875, ne was graduated at Rush Medical College with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Upon his return to Mihvaukee he began his practice and was successfully and continuously engaged in it until 1906, specializing in surgery, and in that year impaired health compelled his retirement. He has since been living quietly in an effort to regain his usual vigor and strength. Dr. Ladd is a Republican, but has never sought to become an office-holder. Although he is a member of the Presbyterian church, he is exceedingly liberal in his religious views. Professionally he is identified with the American, the state, the county, and the city medical societies. In 1885, Dr. Ladd was united in marriage to Miss Annette A. Dutcher, of Milwaukee, who died in 1892. Two children were born to bless the union: Annette, who now resides at 408 Irving Place, Milwaukee ; and Lucile, deceased.

Otto Schorse, Ph. G., one of the oldest pharmacists in -Milwaukee, was born in Brunswick, Germany, on Aug. 10, 1837. the son of Wilhelm and Minna (Korn) Schorse. Both parents lived their entire lives in Germany. Otto attended the excellent public schools of his native land and there became a registered pharmacist before he had reached his twentieth year. In September, 1857, he came to .Milwaukee direct from the Fatherland and secured employment in this city. When the Civil war broke out he felt called upon to give to his adopted country the benefit of the military knowledge which he acquired, and he enlisted as a private in Company F, of the Sixth Wisconsin infantry, on July 11, 1861. With his regiment he participated in the fights at Gainesville, the second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, South Mountain, Gettysburg, and many skirmishes, and at the end of two years' service was mustered out with the rank of captain. He returned to Milwaukee and entered the employ of the Eno Meyer Drug Company, with which firm he remained for a period of two years. In 1865 he embarked in the drug business under his own name, and has since that time been most successful in the conduct of his establishment. Many younger druggists in the city have served apprenticeships under the able preceptorship of Mr. Schorse. Politically he is a Republican, but has never sought public preferment for himself. In 1865, Mr. Schorse was united in marriage to Miss Augusta Reinecke, a native of Germany, and to this union were born nine children, all of whom are living.

Emma May Alexander Reinertsen - "Gale Forest." - It should not be difficult to tell the story of a noble, high-minded, educated, refined woman ; a devoted, loving wife ; a wise, good mother ; a true friend, and a through-and-through Christian, who, all her life, has been a leader in many ways, an originator and a doer and writer of things that have bestowed ample blessings upon the world ; but the editor, who has known Mrs. Reinertsen for nearly a quarter of a century, enters upon the task with misgivings, conscious that he will lack, very likely in many ways, in ability to do full justice to the subject. There is patriot, heroic, and the gentlest of blood in the veins of this talented, brave, just, gentle, and home-making and home-loving woman. Her great-grandfather, Peter Belknap, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving faithfully from the opening of hostilities until the last march was made and the last battle fought. Her grandfather, Jacob Alexander, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Her father, Capt. Squire Alexander, was master of some of the largest transports in government service during the Civil war, and at a bombardment of Fort Sumter by the iron-clads, was captain of the Despatch boat, "Governor," which, because of her high speed, was of very great service to the navy. A Xew York paper, in speaking of Captain Alexander, said: "He is one of our most noted captains, having commanded every kind of craft from the small lake schooner to the magnificent Trans-Atlantic steamship of the present day. His last voyage was to Greenock, Scotland. While there he was introduced to Grand Duke Alexis, and Constantine - as well as others of the royal family who were pres- ent at the launching- of the yacht built in Scotland for their father, the Czar of Russia. During a voyage of three years in the brig Black Hawk, when he visited all the principal cities of the world, he never lost a sail or a spar, nor was he once beaten in an ocean race." This war record is all on the paternal side of Mrs. Reinertsen's family. O. S. Fowler, the noted phrenologist, said to her father : "You are an out-and-out progressor, with an ambition towering." Mrs. Reinertsen's mother, who was a Miss Sherman, a relative to the great general and the senator, was left an orphan in infancy and was adopted by Col. Samuel French, who "traced his ancestry to the Mayflower." She was such a woman as we might expect in the mother of such a daughter - gentle, courageous, a deep thinker, greatly admiring and sincerely loving those nearest and dearest to her, proud of their achievements, always looking on the bright side. When a young girl she joined the Universalist church, from choice. Of her, O. S. Fowler said : "A woman of great dignity, stable and true - a reliable article ; strong intellect ; literary desires very good ; children can not be surpassed." The subject of this sketch was born in Buffalo, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1853, and came to Milwaukee when four years of age, her father having given up their beautiful home for a shipbuilding patent and a portion of Jones Island, promising his wife and little girl that within a year they should have a thirty-thousand dollar home in Milwaukee. The patent proved to be worthless, and in those days Jones Island was not at par. After making and losing two or three fortunes, Captain Alexander returned to his life on the sea, saying that he was almost amphibious and couldn't live off the water. On the sea he died, and in the sea he was buried. His widow died about ten years ago. Mrs. Reinertsen was educated in public and private schools in Milwaukee ; she was for some time a student at the Milwaukee College for young women, now known as Milwaukee-Downer College. It was in the plan to graduate. Had she remained another year a college diploma would have been hers, but the young woman was persuaded to take a marriage certificate instead, and declares that she has never regretted it, which speaks volumes for her worthy husband. Her home, husband, and her boys, always have held first place - highest rank - in her heart, though her pen has done much excellent work, and she holds membership in The College Endowment Association, The Daughters of 1 81 2, and The Milwaukee Outdoor Art Association. When asked about her religion her reply was: "Religion? Creed? All creeds which establish a correspondence between God and man are glorious; but, it seems to me that, to people who live truly, and think deeply, they are but rounds on the ladder leading to the broad platform of Truth - where they are no longer necessary - for one breathes a purer atmosphere of love for the Savior, her God, and all humanity. I take the best of all that appeals to me as Truth and live up to it as nearly as T can." That is a broad, solid, safe, religious platform. The world would be better if more were standing upon it - or working upon it. Few women, or men, either, have done the world better service with their pens than has this retiring home-maker. Her been always a high and noble purpose in what she has written. I ler earlier efforts appeared in a Cincinnati paper, but for thirty years "Gale Forest," her writer name, has been familiar in the leading papers of this city and state, as well as in other papers and magazines. In 1873, Mrs. Reinertsen's pen began to pierce the consciences of parents and the public because armies of children in cities were allowed to "rush the growler" - to carry beer from saloons' to homes and shops. It was a vigorous opening of the battle that from that time until the present has been waged with more or less earnestness and success, and that is destined, sooner or later, to put an end to that crime against childhood and the state. One of her later articles was forwarded to Mark Twain, who highly commended it and was strongly in favor of the reform. Women who have an aversion to promising to "obey," in the marriage ceremony, may thank Mrs. Reinertsen for leadership in elminating, to a very marked extent, that word from the ceremony. It was not that she was unwilling to "obey all lawful orders," as the soldier says, but the idea of making such a promise on such an occasion was abhorrent. The young lady made known her objection and the minister performed the ceremony without the use of the word. -Comment was made far and wide through the press and in private circles, and the service reform was quickly begun and has made satisfactory headway. Mrs. Reinertsen's pen was the first in the West to protest against the wearing of hats in theaters. That reform, begun by this gentle and practical reformer, is thorough, complete. Were it otherwise, think of theater conditions during the reign of the " Mem- Widow. " From that reform has come a movement that is destined to remove hats in all churches. In many churches the custom already prevails. Millions of men, who attend theaters and churches, should touch their hats to Mrs. Reinertsen. The comic valtentine has come in for attacks from her pen, and may they continue until those monstrosities permanently disappear, and may there go with them the bad features of the so-called "funny-paper" supplement. There are two other very important reforms to the credit of this talented woman. Twenty years ago she began a determined raid upon the filthy custom of spitting in street cars. Do you recall the vileness in street cars when tobacco chewers contributed puddles of nastiness for women to drag their skirts through? That was a hard fight, but our persistent wielder of a pen that can penetrate the thickest, toughest hide, won. Years ago the tobacco spitter quit business, in that line, in street cars. Her success in that direction encouraged Mrs. Reinertsen to make war upon the custom of spitting on the side-walk. For years she bombarded that unclean and unhealthy custom. Year after year she went to the Common Council for help - went in vain. Undismayed, she fought on. through the press and by various other methods, and in time public sentiment demanded action by the Council, and an ordinance was secured. Since then hundreds of cities and villages have imitated Milwaukee by outlawing the custom of befouling- the sidewalks with nasty spittle. These are some of the more important reforms this worthy woman has taken up and carried to success. Mr. and Mrs. Reinertsen were parents of two bright, beautiful boys, who grew to noble manhood - Rex and Don. The writer can never forget the genius of Rex. When a mere child he turned to mechanics. When in his early teens he had, all his own. a perfect machine shop, where he made engines and various other articles. Later he made an automobile, which for several years was used in this city. He became an expert in the management of automobiles, and a few years ago went to Pittsburg as general manager of a large enterprise in that line. Plans had been made for his return to Milwaukee to assume management of a similar enterprise. In testing a machine an accident occurred, resulting in his death. Never was a son more loved by parents than Rex, and never were hearts more hurt by a death. Don J. is a successful business man in St. Paul. "Five Cousins in California" is the title of a thrillingly interesting story written by Mrs. Reinertsen, which will appear in the not distant future in book form.

Robert Christian Reinertsen, Milwaukee, Wis., was born at Farsund, a city in Norway, July 10, 1846. His father was Jonas Cornelius Reinertsen, who was born at Farsund, Norway, April 8, 1820, and his mother was Hannah Eliza Hansen, born at Farsund, Jan. 17, 1 82 1. She was the only child of a sea captain and was a woman of superior education and character. Her father also served in the Norwegian navy, and his father and grandfather were sea captains and teachers in navigation. Andrew Reinertsen, father of Jonas Cornelius, and grandfather of Robert Christian Reinertsen, was a ship designer and builder at Farsund, being master of a government shipyard. Jonas Cornelius Reinertsen was also a shipbuilder. Robert C. Reinertsen reached Milwaukee when about ten months old and speaks of himself as "a full-blooded Norwegian, fully Americanized." He was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and at the Spencerian Business College, and in 1863 began work in the City Engineer's department, remaining there until 1866, when he became Division Engineer for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, serving as such until 1873. He had charge of the construction of railroads from Sabula to Marion, Iowa ; from Omro to Winneconne ; from Sun Prairie to Madison, and from Eagle to Elkhorn. Wisconsin. His last work for the company was the line from Milwaukee to Chicago. In politics Mr. Rinertsen is a Republican. From 1873 to T88o he was Assistant City Engineer of Milwaukee and County Surveyor from 1880 to 1887, and again from 1889 to 1891. His parents were members of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, in which he was baptized. He was married on Oct. 18, 1871, to Miss Emma May Alexander, daughter of Squire Alexander and Henrietta Eliza Sherman, of Buffalo, N. Y. Children, Robert Rex and Don Jerome - only one living. Mr. Reinertsen is a Mason of high rank, a member of La Fayette Lodge, Excelsior Chapter, a charter member of Ivanhoe Commandery and Wisconsin Consistory, and he is also a member of the Wisconsin Archaeological Society. Since 1891, Mr. Reinertsen, who was the first to start that line of business for himself, in private work, in Milwaukee, has been independently and successfully engaged in civil engineering, and real estate, with no desire for public office. He was one of- the first to start the real estate boom in the southern portion of the city, and has undoubtedly platted more property in the city of Milwaukee than any other civil engineer. He is expert authority in all property-line disputes, having a thorough knowledge of all laws pertaining to the same. It was Mr. Reinertsen who determined the exact location of the trading post of Jacques Yieau, Sr., the only white man who had a habitation where Milwaukee now stands when the nineteenth century began.

Franklin Butler Van Valkenburgh was born at Prattsburg, Steuben county, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1835. His father. Judge Jacob Van Valkenburgh, who was born in Kinderhook, N. Y., was judge of the court of common pleas, a member of the constitutional convention of .Yew York in 1845, anc^ a member of the legislature the same year. In 1847 he removed to Michigan and was there a member of two constitutional conventions, and later the judge of the probate court in Oakland county. In the War of 1812 he enlisted, but peace was soon afterward declared and he saw no active service. He died at Jacksonville, Fla.. in 1879. Jacob's great-grandfather, Jacob Van Valkenburgh, came to America from Valkenburgh, Holland, in 1746, settled in New York and was a farmer by vocation. His son, Bartholomew Jacob, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, born in 1753, was "leftenant" in Col. Goose Van Schaack's regiment in the first battalion of the New York forces during the Revolutionary war, and was personally acquainted with Washington and Lafayette. Franklin Butler Van Valkenburgh was one of nine children. The eldest son, Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh. born in 1821, was a private soldier in 1835 at Buffalo, N. Y., and brevet major-general in the volunteer service during the Civil war. He was elected to Congress from New York, but resigned at the request of President Lincoln to recruit a regiment, and was in command of a brigade at the battle of Antietam. After resigning as brevet brigadiergeneral he was re-elected to Congress, in 1868 was appointed ministerplenipotentiary to Japan, and he was complimented by Congress for valuable services there. Afterward he removed to Florida, where be was elected justice of the supreme court of the state, which position be held at the time of his death in August. 1888. David Higgins Van Valkenburgh, born in 1823, was sheriff of Manitowoc county at one time, was major of the First Xew York artillery in the Civil war. and at the battle of Fair Oaks, in 1862, after both his superior officers had been killed, he took command and was shot and instantly killed. Bartholomew Jacob, born on April 23, 1831, enlisted in the Twenty-first Wisconsin infantry, was captain and quartermaster throughoul the war, and was promoted to the rank of major by General Grant, for bravery at the battle of Perryville. He died on Nov. 22. 1896. Gerret Smith and Franklin Butler Van Valkenburgh, twins, were named after Gerret Smith, the noted philanthropist and abolitionist, and Benjamin Franklin Butler, at one time attorney-general of the United States, and a prominent politician, both of whom, together with Martin Van Buren, were schoolmates and lifelong friends of their father. Gerret Smith Van Valkenburgh, who lived in Arkansas, was a captain in the Confederate armv. Edward Porter Van Valkenburgh, born on

April 14, 1837, enlisted in a Michigan regiment, but resigned on his appointment to the position of lieutenant in the One Hundred and Seventh New York infantry, and was afterward promoted to the rank of captain. Subsequently he removed to Austin, Minn., where he was elected mayor of the city, and he is now a resident of Minneapolis. Of these brothers, Bartholomew J., Edward P., Gerret S., and Franklin B., have all at one time lived in Milwaukee. Of the sisters, Gertrude married Otis H. Waldo, who for many years was prominent at the bar and in the politics of Wisconsin. He was a candidate for United States senator against Matthew Carpenter, when the latter was elected the first time. Catherine married Charles D. Haven, for many years an engineer and employed in the construction of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad. She died at Racine. Mary Higgins married Harrison Voorhees, who lived in Michigan, and she has also passed away. The mother of this family, born Mary B. Higgins, was a native of Lynn, Conn., and was a direct descendant of Matthew Gilbert, one of the original company of the New Haven colony. He is buried in the New Haven cemetery, and his grave is one of the three which were left in the old church-yard, while all others were removed when the statehouse was built there. The stone marking his resting place is still in good preservation. The three remaining stones are marked with initials only, and are shown as marking the graves of the three regicides ; but the one marked "M. G." and supposed to mark the resting place of Martin Goff, has been shown to be over the grave of Matthew Gilbert, sometime deputy governor of the province. On Oct. 8, 1860, Mr. Van Valkenburgh, of this sketch, was united in marriage to Emeline Wells Pratt, daughter of Jonathan and Hannah A. (Wells) Pratt, of Maine. The latter was a sister of Daniel Wells, Jr., and Charles K. Wells, of Milwaukee. Two children were born of the marriage, Frank Pratt and Faith. The former married Jane I. Swoope, and was a practicing attorney in Milwaukee, at one time city attorney, and also assistant United States district-attorney for the Eastern district of Wisconsin. He died on Aug. 13, 1900, leaving three children : Helen, now at the University of Chicago, taking a post-graduate course ; Franklin, midshipman in his fourth year at the Naval Academy at Annapolis ; and Alice, a student at the Milwaukee high school. Faith married Charles A. Vilas, son of Edward P. Vilas and nephew of the late Col. William E. Vilas, of Madison. They have two sons : Franklin Edward and Charles Harrison. Franklin Butler Van Valkenburgh is an independent Republican, but not a politician, and has devoted his energies to his profession of the law. With the exception of the Old Settlers' Club he belongs to no societies. His early education was acquired in the public schools, which he left at the age of fourteen to enter a law office. He was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one, and had charge of the business of the firm of Waldo & Ody until Jan. 1, 1859, when he became a member of the firm, which continued until dissolved by the death of Mr. Ody in 1870, the firm then consisting of the other two members. This- was dissolved by the death of Mr. Waldo in 1874. since which time Mr. Van Valkenburgh has practiced without a partner. He has been interested as party or coun- sel in many actions which haw been useful in interpreting the laws of the state, and some of which show the peculiarities of the law and the manner in which facts strike different minds. In the case of Van Valkenburgh vs. the City of .Milwaukee, in which the city took from him four lots for Juneau Park, the property was assessed by the Hoard of Public Works at $419, and after fifteen years of litigation the assessment was raised to $20,000. In the course of the litigation the supreme court decided that "the testimony fails entirely to show that the strip of land known as Lake street is a public street, and therefore there must be a new trial." (30 Wis. 334). But in the case of Kneeland vs. Van Valkenburgh, which was an action in ejectment for the identical strip of land above mentioned, the court said: "For the purpose of this appeal we must assume that Lake street is a public highway and our judgment is based upon that hypothesis." (46 Wis. 438). So it appears that the first case was won for the reason that the strip of land known as Lake street was not a street, and the second for the reason that the strip of land was a street, and Mr. Van Valkenburgh, who won both cases, is sure that both decisions are correct.

John F. Donovan, one of the leaders among the younger attorneys of Milwaukee, is the son of Judge Anthony Donovan, of Madison, judge of the municipal court since 1890. His father was born in Lonsdale, R. I., December 24, 1848, and served as a private in the Civil war, enlisting in the Seventv-fonrth Pennsylvania infantry at the age of fifteen. He served until the close of the war and was mustered out with his regiment. At Madison, Wis., he was married to Miss Mary Cody, of Milwaukee, and they have a family of eight children - four sons and four daughters. Beside John F. of this sketch there are : William C, of Spokane, Wash., an attorney by profession ; Joseph P., M. D., health officer of the city of Madison: Mary, now the wife of Dr. James W. Madden, of Madison ; Thomas A., of Seattle, formerly with the P. F. Collier Publishing Company; Margaret, Katherine, and Adelaide, the first a graduate of the University of Wisconsin in the class of 1907; the second a junior in the University, and the youngest a junior in the Madison high school. John F. Donovan was born in Madison, June 5, 1869, and was' reared in that city, obtaining his early education in the public schools and later entering the University of Wisconsin, in which he was graduated in 1893, with the degree of B. L., and the following year from the College of Law with the degree of LL. B. He began the practice of his profession at once, in Milwaukee, as a member of the firm of Toohey, Gilmore & Donovan, with which he remained two years, and was then in partnership with Mr. Churchill, under the firm name of Churchill & Donovan, for five years, but has for a number of years practiced alone. He is also interested in some other lines of business, being president of the Milwaukee Jewelry Company.- In politics .Mr. Donovan is a Democrat, and from [895 until 11)04 served as delegate to the city, county, and state conventions, and he was twice elected permanent chairman of the city convention, lie is affiliated with the Roman Catholic church in religious matters, and his professional and social relations' are with the Milwaukee County and Wisconsin State Bar associations, to which he belongs; with the Catholic Order of Foresters ; Royal League ; Knights of Columbus, of which he is past chancellor; Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, of which he is Deputy Grand Exalted Ruler of the district organization ; and he is also a member of the University Greek letter fraternity, Delta Tau Delta. He was united in marriage on June 28, 1898, to Miss Anna Gallagher, daughter of Frank J. and Emma (Hendry) Gallagher, of Fort Smith, Ark., and three children have been born to them, namely: Ruth A., Marie, and John F., Jr. Mr. Donovan is a man of strong and winning personality, possessed of talents which will doubtless give him a leading position among the members of the state bar, and has already won for him marked recognition as an orator, even among the distinguished members of his profession in the state metropolis.

John Colonel Karel, judge of the second division of the probate court of Milwaukee county, was born at Schuyler, Schuyler county, Neb., on February 28, 1873. He is the son of John and Elizabeth Karel, born respectively in Briza, Bohemia, in 1851, and Calumet, Wis., in 1852. The father was a prominent Democrat in his day and held many of the city and county offices. In 1884 he was a candidate on that party's ticket for insurance commissioner of the state, but went down in defeat with the rest of the ticket. In 1888 he was appointed by the president as consul to Prague, Bohemia, and six years later received from President Grover Cleveland an appointment as consul-general at St. Petersburg. While traveling in Europe in 1883 the mother passed away and was buried in Prague, Bohemia. A son, Albert Karel, is a banker at Kewaunee, Wis., and a daughter, Flora, is now engaged in teaching. Judge Karel received his early educational advantages in the Kewaunee public and high schools and the institutions of Prague, Bohemia. Later he received the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Letters from the State University at Madison. Since that time he has devoted himself to his profession, practicing actively in Milwaukee prior to June 1, 1907, when he assumed the office of judge of the second division of the probate or county court, which had been created by the legislature of 1907, and to which he had been elected on a non-partisan ticket. His earliest business experiences were received as a purser on the boats of Lake Michigan and in the bank of Kasper & Karel, of Chicago. Beside this he has done newspaper work on various publications. He is an expert linguist, having a knowledge of the English, German, Bohemian, and Polish languages, and has traveled extensively on all the continents of the globe. The lectures relating his travels are accorded high commendation by the newspapers. He has also given lectures on legal subjects before the Milwaukee Law School. Judge Karel has taken the initiative in all movements having for their object the betterment of the Bohemian element in this country, and has represented the Bohemian societies', with which he is affiliated, in public movements of different character. For two terms he served as president of the Jefferson Club, and he is a member of the Milwaukee Press Club, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Bohemian American Club, the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Bohemian Athletic Club, the University Club, the Canoe Club, the Woodmen of the World, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Fin de Siecle Club, the Illinois Athletic Club of Chicago, the Bohemian Slavonian Brotherhood, the Equitable Fraternal Union, and of the latter organization is state president. Judge Karel has been staunch in his allegiance to the Democratic party, and as the successful candidate of that party represented the Ninth Milwaukee district in the lower house of the state legislature in the sessions of 1901 and 1903, and from the latter year until 1907 was register of probate of Milwaukee county. In religious matters he is allied with the Roman Catholic church. On June 11, 1901, was celebrated Judge Karel's marriage to Miss Josephine A. Henssler, a daughter of Louis and Bertha Henssler, of La Crosse, Wis. To this union was born, on March 28, 1905, a daughter, Gladys Josephine.

John PritzlafF, deceased, was born in Trutzlatz, in the province of Pomerania, Prussia, March 6, 1820, son of Joachim and Marie (Laabs) Pritzlaff, his parents being plain but much respected people. After obtaining an education intending to qualify him for the ordinary business of life and good industrial training he left the Fatherland in 1839 anc^ came to this country. When he landed in New York he was without capital and among strangers, but soon after his arrival he made his way to the western part of the state of New York, where he found employment, first as a laborer on the Genesee canal and later on a canal on the north branch of the Susquehanna river, in Pennsylvania. In October, 1841, he arrived in Milwaukee, and the following fall and winter was employed by Daniel H. Richards, who established the Milwaukee Advertiser, as teamster, at a compensation of nine dollars per month. In the spring of 1842 he shipped aboard a steamer as cook. The winter following he worked at cutting timber on the site of the present Schlitz Park. In the spring of 1843 ne entered the employ of the firm of Shepardson & Farwell, iron merchants, as a porter at a salary of $200 for the first year, board excluded. Besides making himself very useful to this firm, he soon familiarized himself with all of the details of the iron trade. When Messrs. Nazro & King purchased the establishment, in 1844, Mr. Pritzlaff was retained in their employ. He continued in the employ of their successors, Henry J. Nazro & Company, until 1850, when he formed a partnership with A. F. Suelflow. and opened a small retail hardware store at 299 Third street, in what was then known as the Whitnall building. Thus the famous firm of John Pritzlaff & Company came into existence. His former employers interested themselves in his business and gave him financial aid. Mr. Suelflow retired from the firm at the end of three years, but Mr. Pritzlaff continued building up a large and profitable trade with all classes of people, particularly his own countrymen, and developed the business into one of the greatest hardware houses in the West. In 1861 he erected a commodious building at 303 Third street, into which he moved and which he occupied for fourteen years. In 1874 he purchased two lots on West Water street and put up the buildings there which the firm still occupies. He made additions to this from time to time and the firm now occupies almost an entire block in the location. It still owns his original store on Third street and retains an interest in the business done there, but the immense wholesale business of the firm is transacted in the large building on West Water street. In 1884 the business was incorporated as the John Pritzlaff Hardware Company, with John Pritzlaff, president; John C. Koch, vice-president; Franz Wollaeger, secretary and treasurer; H. August Luedke, general manager, and Fred C. Pritzlaff, assistant secretary and treasurer. The trade now extends all over the West and Northwest, there being only two other similar establishments in the West having as large a volume of business. During all the years the firm has been in existence in Milwaukee it has passed safely through all the financial storms and is a credit alike to its founder and to the city of Milwaukee. Mr. Pritzlaff was conspicuous for his kind and generous impulses as well as' for his sagacity as a business man. In his daily life he was a consistent and exemplary Christian, and as a leading member of the Lutheran Church he was one of its most generous benefactors. For many years he was trustee of the Trinity church. On Nov. 14, 1844, he married Miss Sophia Christiana Bluhme, daughter of Frederick T. Bluhme, an honored Milwaukee pioneer, and to this union were born eight children, four of whom died in infancy. Mr. Pritzlaff died on August 16, 1900.

Henry Baetz is now living retired in a pleasant home on Highland boulevard in the city of Milwaukee, after an active career, in which he devoted his energies to the service of his adopted country and state, not the least of which services was as a valiant soldier and commander in the days of the Civil war. He was born in the Grand Duchy of Hessen, Germany, July 27, 1830, and is the son of Adam and Gertrude (Nies) Baetz, both of whom were born in the same country and province as their son. The father was a wagonmaker by trade, but died while the subject of this review was quite young, the mother surviving to the advanced age of ninety-seven years. To these parents were born a large family of children, of whom Henry was the third born, and two brothers and two sisters of the last-named are still living, they and their mother having migrated to America over fifty years ago. Henry Baetz received his education in the excellent common schools of his native country, and in early manhood served the government in the capacity of court clerk. He migrated to the United States in 1853, locating first at Two Rivers, Wis., where he became a clerk in a mercantile establishment. One year later, in 1854, he removed to Kewaunee, and in 1856 changed his residence to Manitowoc, where he became a notary public, a land agent, and clerk in the office of the register of deeds of Manitowoc county. He also became prominently iden- clerk, treasurer, and president of the village of Manitowoc, and other local offices, and was twice elected register of deeds of the county, holding the last named position at the beginning of the Civil war. He had served two years in the military service of Germany prior to his migration to America, and when the call to arms was sounded in 1861 he promptly decided that it was his duty to give to his adopted country the benefit of his experience, in the support of the Union. Accordingly in the summer of 1862 he raised a company, which was mustered into the service as Company F of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin infantry, and being commissioned captain of the company he accompanied it to the front, participating in all of its arduous service. On Feb. 5, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of major. The organization was a German regiment. organized at Camp Sigel, Milwaukee, and was mustered into the service on September 17, 1862, leaving the state on October 6. It joined the Eleventh corps at Fairfax Court House, Va.. was attached to the Second brigade, Third division, joined the movement toward the Rappahannock in December, went into camp at Stafford Court House, and then was on drill, guard, and picket duty until the following April. In May, 1863, it participated at Chancellorsville, being posted on a ridge in an open field with its right wholly uncovered, where it and the One Hundred and Nineteenth New York, both under fire for the first time, were savagely attacked by superior numbers. The men fought like veterans until both flanks were doubled up, and only fell back when destruction or capture was inevitable. The regiment was engaged at Gettysburg, the Eleventh corps being under the temporary command of General Schurz. Ewell's corps, far outnumbering Schurz's command, bore down upon it with terrible fury, forcing it back, although the men fought like demons for every inch, until a point was reached where the line could be reformed. On the second day the regiment became hotly engaged and was compelled to fall back, which it did in good order, contesting the way as on the previous day, and later acted as rear-guard in the retreat to Cemetery Hill. Its losses during the battle were 210 in killed, wounded, prisoners, and missing, and among the severely wounded was Major Baetz, to whom this review is dedicated. ( )n account of the severe injuries received at Gettysburg, on a surgeon's certificate of disability, he resigned his commission, was honorably discharged, and returned to his home at Manitowoc. As soon as the condition of his health permitted he resumed the threads of civil life, but was not destined long to follow occupation of a private nature. In 1866 he was elected treasurer of Manitowoc county, and re-elected in 1868. About this time also he became largely interested in newspaper business. In 1869 he was elected to the position of treasurer of the state of Wisconsin, and two years later was re-elected to the same position, filling the office in a very creditable manner four years. Upon retiring from office he returned to Manitowoc, and a year later, in 1875, he removed to the city of Milwaukee, where he engaged in newspaper work. In 1878 he was elected by the common council city librarian of Milwaukee, being the first to fill that position, and this he resigned to accept the office of secretary of the State Board of Immigration, in 1880. Three years later, in 1883, he resigned the last-named position to enter the employ of the Philip Best, now the Pabst Brewing Company, with whom he was associated for the ensuing twenty-one years. After being with that firm some time he obtained a financial interest in the Pabst Mine, near Ironwood, Mich., being made secretary and general agent of the same, and he lived at the mine three years, so engaged. He then disposed of his mining interests and returned to Milwaukee, accepting the position of general purchaser for the Pabst Brewing Company. In 1904 he retired from the activities of business life and now resides with his wife in his pleasant home on Highland boulevard, enjoying the fruits of-a well-spent and industrious life. Major Baetz was married on August 27, 1858, to Miss Emma Lindemann, a native of Germany, who, with her mother and two brothers, came to America in 1853, and whose father, A. G. Lindemann, a prominent merchant in the Fatherland, together with one son, had come to Manitowoc county several years before. To this union there was born one son, Oscar, who died at the tender age of five months. Major Baetz gives an unswerving allegiance to the men and measures of the Republican party, with which organization he has been prominently identified from the beginning, and his fraternal associations are with the Masonic order, having been a member of Tracy lodge, No. 107, of Manitowoc, now defunct. Other organizations with which Major Baetz is identified are the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters ; the Wisconsin Archaeological Society ; the Milwaukee Musical Society, and the Old Settlers' Club of Milwaukee County. He has been president of the Deutscher Club, and for a period of nine years served in a like capacity for the "Deutsche Gesellschaft von Milwaukee," an incorporated society to aid and assist immigrants from Germany and other European countries, on their arrival in Milwaukee.

Charles Rothe, one of the prominent citizens and prosperous farmers of Milwaukee county, was born in Germany in 1843, being the son of August and Fredericka Rothe, who were natives of the same country. They immigrated to America about the middle of the Nineteenth centurv, and soon after landing in this countrv settied in Milwaukee county, where they bought a farm of twenty acres on Howell road, in 1854. August Rothe was a good farmer and prospered considerably, so that he was able to buy thirty-eight acres within a short time and he then owned a fine farm of fiftyeight acres, where he lived until his death. Charles, the subject of tli is sketch, was eleven years of age when his parents came to the I nited States, and he was reared from that age on his father's homestead in the town of Oak Creek. Loyalty to the cause of the Union called the young farmer boy into the ranks of the volunteer soldiers at the age of eighteen. In April. 1861, he enlisted as a pri- vate in Company D, First Wisconsin cavalry, which was organized as a thrcc-\ cars regiment, and left the state on June 9. Mr. Rothe was with it in the advance on Martinsburg, took part in the battle of Falling Waters, with the regiment participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone's River, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge. During all these engagements Mr. Rothe served gallantly with his company until seriously wounded on May 9, 1864. After the close of the war, and when he was sufficiently recovered from his wound, Mr. Rothe returned to Milwaukee county and engaged in farming. He has added to his land until today he owns 107 acres of the finest farming land in the township, and he is recognized as one of its most prosperous citizens. On July 27, 1865, Mr. Rothe married Miss Katherine Halberstadt, the daughter of Henry and Anna M. (Miller) Halberstadt, both of whom were born and reared in the Fatherland. Mrs. Rothe was born in Germany and came to America with her parents in i860. Fler father settled in Caledonia. Her father was born on Oct. 10, 1812, and received his training in the public schools of his native country. He was married in 1840 and became the father of two children, Marguerite and Katherine. After settling in this country he engaged in general farming and followed this vocation until his death, in September, 1895. His wife survived him and lived until 1906, dying at the age of ninety-seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Rothe are the happy parents of fourteen children, born and reared on the hospitable old farm in Oak Creek: William, deceased; Ernest, deceased; Lydia; Ferdinand; Albert, deceased; Minnie, deceased; Emma; Louis, deceased; Carrie; one who died in infancy; Charles, Jr.; Arthur; Katherine, and Manda.

Charles Schlapmann, of North Milwaukee, is a well-known citizen who has held several public offices, and a prosperous farmer. He was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, Dec. 11, 1854, the son of Frederick and Marie (Wiegert) Schlapmann, who were born and reared in that quaint old German town. Like so many of the worthy German settlers of Wisconsin, Charles' father immigrated to America, and soon after landing on the shores of the new country located in North Milwaukee, where he followed his trade as a mason. He was a far-sighted man, and after he had accumulated enough capital invested it in a farm of eighty acres near Granville, and here he reared his two sons, William and Charles, who were only two and six years old when their parents left the Fatherland. Mr. Schlapmann conducted his farm for a number of years, and a few years before his demise, which occurred in 1900, he retired from active life. His wife had died in 1884, and from that time he lived very quietly on the old farm. Charles, the subject of this sketch, received his scholastic training at the public schools of Granville. He had always helped his father farm their old home place, and in 1881 determined to continue in that vocation by himself. He bought a homestead and improved it. His home is a substantial brick building and one of the most hospitable homes in the neighborhood. As the years have passed Mr. Schlapmann has branched out into various forms of farming, and he now runs a dairy herd in addition to the general crops he raises. To take care of the produce of the farm he has built one of the largest barns between North Milwaukee and Granville, and as a farmer's buildings mark his prosperity, Mr. Schlapmann may well regard this as a monument to his success. In political matters he always acts with the Republican party; in 1896 he occupied the position of town treasurer, and he has held the important position of school treasurer for nine years. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and for three years served as trustee. On Dec. 1, 1880, Mr. Schlapmann was married to Miss Ida Treichel, the daughter of William and Dorothea Treichel, both of whom are old and well-known residents of the town of Granville. This union has been blessed by the birth of seven bright, sturdy children : Paulina, Hattie, Hulda, Laura, Emil, Fred, and Alford. Mrs. Schlapmann's parents were natives of Germany, and they immigrated to the United States and joined the many settlers from the Fatherland, locating in the town of Granville, where they bought a farm of eighty acres. Mr. Treichel continued his vocation of farming until he died, in 1884. His widow is still living on the beloved old homestead.

John C. Stamm, one of the pioneer merchants of Milwaukee, stands out pre-eminently as a self-made man. The lives of such men of our times are not filled with romance, as it is energy and perseverance that gives them distinction, and with the ambition to succeed they become conquerors in that business conflict that rouses all the best qualities in their natures. One who has fought a good fight and achieved success is the gentleman whose name heads this brief review. Mr. Stamm was born in Prussia, Germany, on January 26, 1834, being the son of Peter and Elizabeth (Hunt) Stamm, who were born in the same place in 1800 and 1799, respectively. His father was a farmer and stove-pipe maker in the old country. He joined the great army of German immigrants who came to Wisconsin about the middle of the Nineteenth century, and he landed in Milwaukee in 1854, bringing his wife and six children to the new world with him. After locating in Milwaukee the elder Stamm became a molder's helper and worked on West Water street for a number of months. He died in 1854, leaving his wife and little family to mourn their loss. Mrs. Stamm bravely faced the world alone and reared her family. Her parents had come to the United States in 1836, so that she was not without the relationship so needful in times of trouble. The mother lived to the hale old age of eighty-four years, her demise occurring in 1883. John C. Stamm, the subject of this review, received his education in the great school of experience, which may be a hard teacher, but one that teaches well, and things thus learned are not readily effaced from the memory. He came to Milwaukee in July, 1854, with his parents, and for three months worked as an apprentice at the hardware trade with an uncle, C. T. Stamm, whose business was located at the corner of Reed and Lake streets. At the end of that time he secured a position on East Water street, remained with the firm of Cornell & Morrison for two years, and then went to Prairie du Chien with the same linn, remaining there some six months. On his return to Milwaukee from the western part of the state Mr. Stamm established himself in the hardware business at the corner of South Water and Lake streets, in [858, and two years later moved to a location at the corner of Lake and Clinton streets. where he was in partnership with his brother, Ferdinand, under the firm name of Stamm Brothers. In 1863 the three Stamm brothers - John, Ferdinand, and I'eter - built what is now the Robinson building, on the corner of Lake and Clinton streets. and there conducted a successful hardware business until 1870. In that year the partnership was dissolved, John withdrawing" from the firm, and, erecting a building at 599 Clinton street, he engaged in a hardware enterprise under his own name. The brothers continued to do business together at the old location until 1888, when the partnership was dissolved. Some years ago Mr. Stamm retired from active participation in business affairs to enjoy a well-earned respite from toil, and the business which he brought to its present high standard is wellconducted by his two sons, Charles F. and Joseph P. Although he is daily about the store, since 1886 he has refrained from taking any part in its management. Mr. Stamm is a Democrat in politics and was reared in the Catholic faith, being a member of Holy Trinity congregation, whose edifice is located at the corner of Greenbush and Park streets. On Feb. 21, 1865, was celebrated his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Fuestmann, a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Kresken) Fuestmann, of Burlington, "Wis. Four children were born to bless this union. Lillian, the eldest, born in 1866, is the wife of Werner J. Kroeger, a dry-goods merchant of Milwaukee. Charles F., born in 1868, is secretary and treasurer of the Waukesha Lakes Ice Company, besides assisting in the conduct of his father's business. Joseph P., born in 1871, married Miss Helen Frederick, and is the active manager of the business established by his father. Alfred W., the youngest, was born in 1879, and served an apprenticeship in the drug business with Paul Ladwig at the corner of Fifth and State streets in Milwaukee. In 1898 he entered the department of pharmacy of the University of Illinois and was graduated on April 24, 1900, with the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy. For four years after his return to Milwaukee he was associated in business with William H. Dick and then became connected with the Martin Drug Company. Within a year he purchased an interest in the concern and at the present time is the incumbent of the office of manager of the company. On November 24, 1908, he was united in marriage to Miss Rose M. Lais, a daughter of George and Carrie (Hess) Lais, of 720 Milwaukee street. Milwaukee. Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Stamm now make their home at 128 Harmon street.

William R. Knell, ex-sheriff of Milwaukee county and one of the best-known public men in the city, was horn in Wisconsin's metropolis on June 15, i860. He is a son of John and Katherine

Knell, both of whom wrere born in Bermersheim, Hessen-Darmstadt, Germany, the father on Feb. 2.2, 183 1, and the mother on Oct. 24, 1829. John Knell was the son of a well-to-do farmer. On account of the turbulent state of political conditions in Germany he came to the United States shortly after his marriage, in 1852. Only a short visit was made in New York, then the parents came west to St. Louis, and for a year made that city their home. Thence they went to Davenport, Iowa, then to Chicago, and finally, in 1855, located permanently in Milwaukee. The father organized a private school, which he conducted for some time with success. Subsequently he accepted a position as bookkeeper in a large furniture establishment, but severed that connection to go into newspaper work. At different times he was on the staff of the "Banner und Volksfreund," the "Seebote," and the "Herold." For the season of 1859 and i860 he, together with two others, organized the first German stock company in Milwaukee, which gave weekly performances in what was then known as the "Markt-Halle," the leading members of the company being Mr. and Mrs. Kenkel, Mr. and Mrs. Pelosi, the Misses Lindemann and Strohmeyer, and Mr. and Mrs. Dremmel. In the early sixties Mr. Knell became associated in business with Leopold Rindskopf & Son, distillers and wholesalers of liquor, first as a traveling representative and later as confidential and credit man of the firm. This connection continued until his demise, which occurred on May 6, 1873, at the age of forty-two years. Mr. Knell received his early educational advantages in the parochial schools of Bermersheim and an intermediate college at Alzei, Germany. For several years prior to his coming to America he held a position in the German postal service, and after becoming a citizen of the United States was always intensely interested in public affairs, though he never became a candidate for public office. William R. Knell, the subject of this review, was the fifth child in order of birth of the ten born to his parents. He was educated, so far as schools are concerned, in the Ninth ward public school, in which he was graduated at the age of fourteen years. His real education, fitting him for service to the people in public positions, has been obtained in thorough, practical work. After leaving school he served an apprenticeship in the lithographer's trade with the J. Knauber Lithographing Company, and for four years thereafter he labored as a journeyman in the trade. The desire of an active mind to acquire further education, as well as slightly impaired health, necessitated a change of employment, and for a number of years he was engaged in various occupations. Always interested in public affairs, it was but natural that he should drift into politics, and in 1888 he was appointed to his first political position, that of draughtsman in the office of the register of deeds. This position he occupied until the summer of 1893. On Jan. 1, 1894, he became deputy tax-commissioner and continued to fill that position most capably under Thomas H. Brown until the close of the year 1902. He then entered the sheriff's office, serving in the capacity of bookkeeper during the years 1903 and 1904, and as under-sheriff during the years 1905 and 1906. In the fall of the last-named year he was elected sheriff for the years' 1907 and 1908. All his appointments and his election to public office have been as a Republican, and he is known throughout the state as one of the strongest figures in the reform element of that party in [Milwaukee. At the primary election, held in the spring of 1908, for the election of delegates to the Republican National convention in Chicago, he was one of the two delegates elected from the Fifth Congressional district of Wisconsin, and in that convention cast one of the twentyfive votes for Hon. Robert M. LaFollette for president. While serving in the register of deeds office, in 1888, Mr. Knell became interested in map work and organized the Knell Publishing Company, whose specialty is map publishing, map mounting, and advertising. One of the publications of the firm was an excellent map of Milwaukee county, which at the time was the most advanced of any published. On May 12, 1885, Mr. Knell was united in marriage to Miss Annie M. E. Unertl, a daughter of John and Mary Anna (Naber) Unertl, of Kilbourn City, Wis. Mr. Unertl was a veterinary surgeon and a game keeper for a large estate in Bavaria, Germany. In the sixties he brought his wife and family to this country, and located at Kilbourn City, which was then the terminus of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Raihvay. He continued the practice of his profession after his arrival, besides following agricultural pursuits. His death occurred in 1903, and his wife passed away three years later. To Mr. and Mrs. Knell has been born one daughter, Lillyan U., eighteen years of age, a senior in the seminary department of Milwaukee-Downer College. Mr. Knell's long experience in public affairs makes him an exemplary public servant. Fraternally and socially he is widely known, being enrolled as a member of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, the Calumet Club, the Turnverein Milwaukee, the Knights of Pythias, the Royal Arcanum, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. Since 1888 he has been secretary of the Turners' Mutual Benefit Association, and at the present writing is the incumbent of the office of president of the National Association of Sheriffs, the Wisconsin State Sheriffs' Association, and also of the Wisconsin Feathered Stock Association. He is interested in the breeding and training of homing pigeons, and is a prominent figure in the Milwaukee district of the National Federation of American Homing Pigeon Fanciers, of which organization he was a national director for many years.