Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 1 of 35)

The whole text

Frederick C. Winkler, son of Carl and Elizabeth (Overbeck) Winkler, was born in Bremen, Germany, March 15, 1838, his parents then residing" in that city. The father came to the United States in 1842, locating in Milwaukee, where he opened a drug store. Two years later he was joined by his wife and children, and Frederick C. was reared in that city, obtaining his education in the public schools, which, although greatly inferior to those of the present day, offered advantages superior to those to be obtained elsewhere in Wisconsin in the territorial and early statehood days. He began his legal studies at the age of eighteen in the office of H. L. Palmer, and at the age of twenty he removed to Madison and continued his studies in the office of Abbott, Gregory & Pinney, being admitted to the bar at Madison on April 19, 1859. Returning to Milwaukee 'he began the practice of his profession in his home city and had entered upon a most promising career when the breaking out of the Civil war changed his plans for a time. The Twenty-sixth Wisconsin infantry, a German regiment, was organized in Milwaukee and vicinity, and F. C. Winkler became captain of Company B. It was mustered in on Sept. 17, 1862, left the state Oct. 6, following, and joined the movement toward the Rappahannock, spending the winter in drill, guard and picket duty. It participated in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, the men fighting like veterans, and was at Gettysburg, July 1 to 3, Captain Winkler being attached to the staff of General Schurz. In a report of this battle one authority says that the Twenty-sixth "fought like demons," and in this engagement both the lieutenant-colonel and major of the regiment were wounded. Captain Winkler then became acting field officer. After the battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20 and 21, the regiment was sent with General Hooker's forces from the Army of the Potomac to the relief of General Rosecrans at Chattanooga. In November following the colonel left the organl8 MEMOIRS OF MILWAUKEE COUNTY ization, and from that time until the close of the war, Captain Winkler was in command, and was advanced to the rank of colonel. The regiment under his command took part in the battle of Mission Ridge in November, 1863, and the campaign into East Tennessee for the relief of Knoxville which followed it. In the spring of 1864, when Gen. Sherman organized his army for the invasion of Georgia, it became part of the Third brigade, Third division of the Twentieth corps, of which the command was given to General Hooker. It thenceforth took part in all of General Sherman's campaigns, fought many skirmishes and took part in nearly every battle. Perhaps its severest struggle was at Peachtree Creek, July 20, 1864. Of that action the official report of Colonel Wood, then commander of the brigade, contains the following: "Where all behaved well it may be regarded as invidious to call attention to individuals, yet it seems to me that I cannot discharge my whole duty in this report without pointing out for especial commendation, the conduct of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin volunteer infantry, and its brave and able commander. The position of this regiment in the line was such that the brunt of the attack on this brigade fell upon it. The brave, skillful and determined manner in which it met the attack, rolled back the onset and pressed forward in a counter-charge and drove back the enemy could not be excelled by the troops in this or any other army, and is worthy of the highest commendation and praise. It is to be hoped that such conduct will be held up as an example for others, and will meet its appropriate reward." - (Annual report of Wis. Adjt. Gen. for 1864, p. 80.) The regiment marched with Sherman to the sea, and from Savannah through the Carolinas to Richmond, participating in hot fighting at Averasboro and Bentonville. It took part in the Grand Review in Washington, then proceeded to Milwaukee, where it was mustered out on June 28, 1865, Colonel Wrinkler being brevetted brigadier-general of volunteers "for meritorious service." Gen. William Cogswell, of Massachusetts, then in command of the brigade, in his final report to the War Department, mentioned the Twenty-sixth AYisconsin as "one of the finest military organizations in the service." Before the command of the regiment fell to his hands, Captain Winkler gave a large measure of his time to duties as judge advocate of many courts-martial, charged at times with the trial of the most weighty offenses. In five or six cases it became his duty to certify to headquarters sentences of death ; all but two of these were commuted. In the court of inquiry to investigate certain reflections on Maj.-Gen. Carl Schurz and a part of his command, contained in General Hooker's official report of the night battle at Wauhatchie in Lookout Valley, Colonel Winkler was, at the request of General Schurz, appointed his counsel, and as a result of the inquiry General Schurz and his subordinate. Col. F. Hecker, were "fully exonerated from the strictures contained in General Hooker's report." After leaving the military service General Winkler resumed the practice «»t" his profession, and has been for the past forty years one the leading attorneys of the city, Messrs. A. R. R. Butler, Tames Jenkins, T. B. Elliott. A. A. L. Smith, John T. Fish, Edward P.

Vilas, James G, Flanders, E. H. Bottum and C. F. Fawsett having been at different times associated with him as partners. 1 Hiring- the lasl ten years or more he has given a largo portion of his time to the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, being a trustee and member of the Finance and Executive committees of that bod)'. In politics he has always supported the Republican parly. Mis marriage to Miss Frances M. Wightman occurred in 1864, ami six daughters and three sons have been born to the union. In character General Winkler is a man who commands the widest respect and admiration. His devotion to duty as a soldier exhibits the same qualities of courage, firmness, energy and faithfulness to the trusts reposed in him that have marked his life as a citizen and a professional man. He is an aide jurist and has won in his profession the large success commensurate with his ability. In social life he is a refined and cultured gentleman.

Charles Quarles, deceased, was one of the conspicuous members of the legal fraternity in Milwaukee throughout a period of twenty years, and being recognized as profound and able, he easily took rank with the leading lawyers of the state. He was a younger brother of Judge J. V. Quarles, of whom extended personal mention is made elsewhere in this volume, and in the same connection mention has been made of the fact that their father was one of the pioneer settlers of Kenosha. Charles Quarles was born in Kenosha on Feb. 13, 1846, grew to manhood in that place and began his professional career in the same city. After passing through the full course of study in the public schools and being graduated in the high school, he entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and pursued the classical course until the latter part of the senior year. While at Ann Arbor he was a member of the Greek letter society of the Alpha Delta Phi. He left the I "niversity a few months before the time for graduation, but some thirty years later, in 1898, that institution conferred upon him the degree of A. B. and ranked him with his class of 1868. His first encounter with the world was in Chicago, where he entered the offices of the Home Fire Insurance Company of New York, remaining thus engaged for about three years, after which he spent two years in the West, principally in southwest Kansas and Indian Territory. While at work in Chicago he had resolved to become a member of the bar, and at the end of his western sojourn, in 1874, he returned to Wisconsin and began the study of law in the office of Head & Quarles at Kenosha. He was a diligent student, pursued a thorough and systematic course of reading, and was admitted to practice in 1875. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Kenosha, which city was the base of his operations for the ensuing thirteen years, at the end of which period his services were in such demand that lie determined to enter a wider sphere of activity. In the spring of 1888 he united with his brother, Joseph V. Quarles, and Thomas W. Spence, then practicing at Racine, to form the firm first known as Quarles, Spence & Dyer, and later as Quarles, Spence & Quarles, which soon commanded a large business and rapidly entered the front rank. The firm had offices both in Mil- waukee and Racine and consequently Mr. Quarles moved to Milwaukee. As a member of this firm Mr. Quarles contributed his full share toward the attainment of its high repute, and he became personally conspicuous among the able and accomplished lawyers of the city and state. In the division of professional labor between members of the firm, it fell to him, in a large proportion of cases, to give attention to the points of law involved in cases at bar, and as a natural consequence he acquired special distinction in this connection. As a lawyer he laid no claim to oratory and his addresses to court and jury were usually made in conversational style. But such was the purity of his diction and the clearness of his thought, that they made an argument on the dryest subject a delight. His addresses to juries were masterful efforts, characterized by a comprehensive grasp of the evidence and a profound knowledge of human nature. His arguments to the court were always to the point, and he had a way of keeping his opponents to the point which often proved disastrous to them. Among the most recent of the important litigation in which he took part, the Schandein will case will be the most quickly recalled to mind, on account of the magnitude of the interests involved as well as of the great interest which the controversy aroused throughought this country and Europe. On Mr. Quarles fell the responsibility of resisting the effort made by the son and daughter of Wisconsin's wealthiest woman to break the will which left the greater portion of her estate to their sister. The battle, which was fought out for nearly two months, was a memorable one and the victory scored by Mr. Quarles was decisive. After the conclusion of this contest, the subject of this memoir figured prominently in the inheritance tax case against the estate of Capt. Frederick Pabst. He also won a complete victory in the Pfister case, and was prominently connected with the litigations growing out of the Bigelow bank failure. At the time of his death Mr. Quarles was engaged as one of the counsel for the defendants in the suit brought by the attorney-general of the state against the street railway company and others for the annulment of the franchise of that corporation, and in the argument of the preliminary motions he took an important part. He gave special attention to corporate law, as it relates to the steadily growing interests involved in industrial and social questions, being regarded as an authority on these complicated problems, and he was engaged in some of the most important cases arising out of the conflict of interests between labor and capital. Leading members of the Milwaukee bar, upon his sudden and unexpected death, joined in paying tributes to the worth of Mr. Quarles as a man and a lawyer, among which was the following by Judge John C. Lndwig: "I can only say at this moment that Mr. Quarles was one of the most prominent attorneys in the state. He was a man not only of the highest standing in his profession, but was highly educated outside of that, and was generally well informed. He was a thorough gentleman, a man of most amiable disposition, a man of the most acute mind, and highly respected by all who knew him." While he was a firm believer in the platform expressions of the Republican party, he was never active in practical politics. He held but two public offices during his life, taking them at the earnest solicitations of many citizens - president of the school board of Milwaukee and also at Kenosha while living there. The position of school director he was appointed to in 1897, and his associates on the board recognized the public spirit which prompted a busy man like him to give a portion of his time to the schools by unanimously electing him president of the board. He also served one term as a member of the state board of examiners for the admission of applicants to the bar. He managed to hud some time for the social side of life, and was a member of the Milwaukee, the Deutscher, the Country, the University and the Yacht clubs and the Archaeological Society, and his love for animals was attested by his membership in the Wisconsin Humane Society. He was also a member of the Masonic order. He was fond of outdoor sports and made it a rule to enjoy at least one fishing trip a year, going to either Florida or California. He had returned from an annual outing in the latter state a few days before his death, that deplorable event occurring on April 8, 1908. Mr. Ouarles was married in November, 1881, to Miss Emma Thiers, of Kenosha, who survives him. Their union was blessed by the birth of four children : Louis Ouarles and Charles Bullen Ouarles, who were associated with him in the law firm of Ouarles, Spence & Quarles ; Henry Capron Ouarles, who is a senior at the University of Wisconsin, and Miss Ethel Ouarles. who is a student at Vassar College.

Francis A. Walsh, of Milwaukee, Wis., has been a member of Wolcott Post, G. A. R., in that city, since 1886, in which local organization he filled the chair ofi commander in 1903. In the same year he was appointed by Gen. Thomas J. Stuart, commander-inchief of the Grand Army of the Republic, to the position of inspector-general of the national department, and in 1906 he was chief of start of the department commander of Wisconsin. Mr. Walsh was born at East Greenwich, R. I., July 9, 1847, tne son °f James T. and Mary F. (O'Neil) Walsh. While the subject of this review was an infant the family removed from Rhode Island to Trumansburg, Tompkins county, New York, where the father was connected with the McClennel Nursery Company. From that point he came west in 1853 ar,d established a nursery at Lena, 111., intending that his family should join him later, but before they came he met death in a railroad accident. Notwithstanding this great calamity the mother decided to follow the plans previously arranged, and in 1854 she removed to Lena with her children. She wras an educated woman, and after locating at Lena followed the profession of teaching to support her family of five boys and two girls. Her son, Francis A., attended school at Lena and worked at farming, and was engaged in the latter occupation when the news was received of the battle of Pea Ridge. A brother who had enlisted in the Ninth Iowa infantry was reported killed in this engagement, and the sad news, although happily incorrect, fired the youth to the point of entering the service himself. He had wanted to enlist earlier, but the objections of his mother pre- vailed. In April, 1862, although less than fifteen years old, he enlisted in Company H of the Sixty-seventh Illinois infantry, a regiment organized at Camp Douglas and mustered into the United States service for three months. It relieved the veteran forces at Camp Douglas for a time and the latter were sent to the front. Soon after his enlistment our subject was one of the volunteers selected to make the exchange of prisoners at Vicksburg, Miss., and did not return until the fall of 1862, being mustered out of the service in October. He then enlisted in Company G, Forty-sixth Illinois infantry, but his trip to Vicksburg had impaired his health, resulting in pneumonia, and fie was not mustered in. After regaining his health he became an apprentice at the machinist trade, engaging with the Illinois Locomotive Shops at Amboy, 111., and rapidly acquired a technical knowledge of that occupation. He then went to Logansport, Ind., and entered the employ of the Chicago & Great Eastern railway, remaining some time and holding a place of authority in the round house. He then went to Chicago and was with the Gates Iron Works as a machinist, and later he was with several other firms until he engaged with the Cornell "Watch Company at Grand Crossing, where he had charge of the machine shops and mechanical works until the establishment was sold and removed to California. Mr. Walsh then entered the employ of Norton Bros., tinware manufacturers, with whom he remained a number of years, and during which time he invented a number of appliances which were patented. He then opened a place of his own in Chicago and began manufacturing a machine, invented by himself, for the making of cans used by the large meat packers. He then became a competitor of Norton Bros., who were using several of his inventions, and after building up a large business he removed to Milwaukee in 1883 an<^ established himself in business there, making a splendid success. He was just completing his present large "Walsh" building on the corner of South Water and Reed streets in 1901, when he consolidated his business with the American Can Company, in which he is still largely interested. Altogether Mr. Walsh has invented some seventy-five or eighty devices for the manufacture of machinery for making cans, and today they are in use all over this and other countries. He was a pioneer in that line of work, both as an inventor and promoter, but at present he is chieflv interested in the transfer and storage warehouse business in the city of Milwaukee. Mr. Walsh was married to Miss Mary Ella Jones, of Elgin, 111., and to this union were born four children. The eldest child, Francis Herbert, was a member of the Wisconsin National Guard (troop A of Milwaukee) for twelve years and then removed to Colorado, where he enlisted in Troop C of the Colorado National Guard. He was serving with this command during the Cripple Creek labor disturbances, and as the result of exposure in the service he contracted pneumonia, and being taken to Colorado Springs died there on Feb. 25. 1902. at the age of 31 years. He never married. Grace A., the second born, married George M. Whitcomb, of Desplaines. 111., and the other two are Cora F. and Nell IT., both residents of Milwaukee. The family has membership in the St. James Episcopal church, and Mr. Walsh is a Republican in his political affiliations. Charles J. Walsh, a. brother of the subject of this review, and he who was reported killed at the battle of Pea Ridge, was seriously wounded in that engagement by being shot through both ankles by a minie-ball. He then returned to his home in Lena, 111., and after recovering from his wounds he enlisted in the Seventeenth Illinois cavalry and served until the close of the wrar. He never recovered entirely from his injuries, and after the close of the war he became a traveling salesman, dying while upon one of his trips at Norwalk, Ohio, in 1880. Another brother, James T. Walsh, was a musician in the military band of Gen. Grant's command. Prior to the war he learned the trade of shoemaking, engaged in business in Galena, 111., and frequently made purchases of leather from Gen. Grant's father, who was in business at that place. After the war James T. Walsh located in Chicago, where he was in the shoe business for a time and then engaged in the paper jobbing business. He died in Chicago on Jan. 23, 1904. A brother-in-law, Andrew McCausland, was also a soldier in the Ninety-second Illinois infantry.

Oscar Wilhelm Carlson, M. D., a native of Stockholm, Sweden, is the only member of his immediate family to come to America. He was born Aug. 1, 1843, and is a son of Charles J. and Caroline Sophia (Leuthstrom) Carlson, the former for many years connected with the Swedish army, and the latter a descendant of a French family who followed the fortunes of Bernadotte into Sweden, and was among his loyal supporters after he became king. Two of Dr. Carlson's maternal uncles having settled in America, the lad, at the age of ten years, set out alone to join them, taking passage in a sailing vessel from Goteborg. The third day out the vessel was wrecked by a storm, and drifted helplessly about for three months before it was sighted and towed into the harbor of Londonderry, Ireland. Lmdaunted by this terrible experience, he again took passage for New York, arriving in that port Jan. 13, 1854, and immediately continued his journey to Columbus, Ohio, to the home of his uncle. Dr. Leuthstrom. The following year he accompanied his uncle to Waukesha, Wis., where he attended the public schools for some three years, and then went to St. Croix county, where he was employed in a lumber camp. Returning to Waukesha in August, 1862, he enlisted in the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin infantry, and served the full term of three years. He was with his regiment in its operations in Arkansas and on the Mississippi, and in the brilliant engagement at Helena wdien the Union forces of 4,000 were attacked by the enemy numbering 18,000. He was also in the siege of Mobile and before Spanish Fort, when the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin was in the trenches from March 2J until April 8. In addition to the ordinary duties of a soldier he was repeatedly detailed to special and important assignments by General Steele. He was honorably discharged from military duty Sept. 22, 1865, and returning to Wisconsin began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his uncle. Dr. Charles Leuthstrom, who had in the meantime removed to Milwaukee, where he had acquired a large and lucrative practice. Later he matriculated at Hahnemann Medical College, and was graduated from the same in 1872. For the five years succeeding he followed the practice of his profession in Milwaukee, in partnership with his uncle, Dr. Leuthstrom, when failing health compelled him to abandon it for a time. Purchasing a ranch in Clark county, Kas., Dr. Carlson spent the next two years in out-door life, regaining his health. Before returning to the practice of medicine he took a trip abroad, visiting his native land, and supplementing his professional knowledge by visiting the leading hospitals of England and the continent, and taking careful observations. On returning to Milwaukee he entered into a partnership with Dr. Danforth, who had purchased the business when Dr. Carlson was obliged to give it up, and this partnership continued for three years, when it was dissolved, and the latter opened an office by himself. In the intervening years, the Doctor's practice has steadily increased, and his professional ability has been recognized in many ways. He has been president of the Wisconsin Homeopathic Society, president of the Milwaukee Academy of Medicine, supreme medical director for the United States for the Royal Adelphia, and medical examiner for the Royal Arcanum of the state of Wisconsin. He belongs to the orders mentioned, and also to the Grand Army of the Republic, and has been commander of the E. B. Wolcott Post, No. 1, and held positions on the staffs of Generals Fairchild, Veasy and Warner, when they were commanders-in-chief of the Grand Army. Dr. Carlson, like all members of his profession, has been frequently called upon to give his professional aid to charitable objects, and has nobly responded, an instance being his gratuitous services to the Milwaukee Protestant Orphan asylum for eighteen years. On Feb. 8, 1871, Dr. Carlson was married to Miss Bertha Strong, daughter of Robert H. Strong, one of the pioneers of Milwaukee, and niece of Rear Admiral Strong, of the United States navy. To this union, one daughter, Edith, was born.

Alfred Levi Cary, an attorney of Milwaukee, who has been connected with some of the most important litigation of the state, is a native of Sterling, Cayuga county, |N. Y., and belongs to New England families, his parents, Nathaniel C. and Sophia (Eaton) Cary, having been born in Shoreham, Vt., and Mansfield, Conn., respectively. Both are now deceased. They came to Wisconsin in 1879, and the father was by vocation a wagon-maker and connected with the foundry, although he was practically retired from active work after coming west. Alfred L. was born July 23, 1835, and received his early education at Sterling, N. Y., later attending the academy at Auburn and the seminary at Fulton in the same state. After coming west he attended the high school at Racine at the time when John G. McMynn, a distinguished educator of the state, and at one time state superintendent of schools, was principal. Entering: the office of his uncle, John W. Cary, of Racine, in May, [858, Alfred L. began the study of law and was admitted to the bar by examination in i860. He came to Milwaukee early in Jan- uary, 1859, with his uncle, and was in the office of Gary & Pratt as clerk until 1864, when the partnership was dissolved and a new one of J. \V. & A. L. Cary formed, to which subsequently J. 1'. C. Cottrill was admitted, the firm continuing until 1874, when the senior member withdrew to become general solicitor of the Chicago, Mil waukee & St. Paul Railway Company. The firm of Cottrill & Car) was maintained until 1879, and meanwhile Mr. Cary became the general solicitor for the Milwaukee, Lakeshore & Western Railway Company, remaining in that position until the sale of the road to the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company in 1893. In August of the same year Mr. Cary was appointed by Judge Jenkins, of the United States circuit court for the eastern district, "special master," for the litigation then pending in that court for the foreclosure of the mortgages given by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. The suit thus brought was the primary case and there followed auxiliary suits throughout the length of the Northern Pacific railroad line. One of the mortgages had been given by the Northern Pacific Company to the Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., of Xew York, and others, to similar trust companies. There were three mortgages involved in these proceedings, and Thomas F. Oakes, Henry C. Payne and Henry A. Rouse were appointed receivers. Mr. Cary's duties related to the passing of the receivers' accounts and the hearing of various claims and litigation which were referred to him by the court. The mortgages aggregated many millions and the judgment for deficiencies allowed by Mr. Cary amounted to $100,000,000 above the original claims. He sold the Northern Pacific Railroad and Land Grant under the decree entered by the court, and the Northern Pacific Railway Company today holds its title by the deed given by Mr. Gary as "Special Master." In 1894 he formed a partnership with Mr. Fish, and in 1897 Messrs. Upham and Black were added, the firm continuing until the death of Mr. Fish in August, 1900, since which time the firm has been Cary, Cpham & Black. In politics Mr. Cary was originally a Democrat, supporting that party until the first Bryan campaign, since which time he has given his allegiance to the Republican organization. He served as a member of the common council of Milwaukee in 1872, and the following year was elected a member of the legislature. He belongs to the Masonic order, to the Milwaukee Club - having been one of the original members and president of the organization for six years - and also to the Country and Fox Point Clubs. On Sept. 6, 1864, occurred his marriage to Miss Harriet M. Van Slyck, daughter of Jesse M. and Nancy Mcllinch (Boyd) Van Slyck, of Milwaukee, and to the union the following children were born : Robert J., Walter, Harriet S. and Irving 1!.

George L. Thomas, funeral director and embalmer, is a native of Ohio, having been born in Cincinnati, Jan. 7, 1843. T lis parents were William R. and Christiana S. (Knight) Thomas, the former born in Hagerstown, Md., and the latter in Xew Orleans, La. George L. participated in the Civil war, having enlisted as a pri- vate in Company D, Second Kentucky infantry, in June, 1861, and the regiment was in the siege of Corinth, the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, and was mustered out in March, 1863. Mr. Thomas came first to Wisconsin as a traveling accountant for the Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Company, in 1868. In 1875 he engaged in the liven- business in Milwaukee, and two years later entered the line which he is now following. He carried on both the livery and undertaking business until 1899, when he discontinued the former. In the process of embalming Mr. Thomas was the pioneer in Wisconsin, attending the first school opened for instruction in that line, in Cincinnati, Ohio, March, 1882. He has served as president of the Wisconsin Funeral Directors' and Embalmers' Association, and as secretary for eight years, and on all of the important committees ; was also vice-president of the National Funeral Directors of the United States, refusing the presidency in 1899. He is prominent in fraternal circles, belonging to the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic order ; to the Grand Army of the Republic, serving for six consecutive years as trustee of the Wisconsin Veterans' Home, all of that time being president of the board 0$ trustees; is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Milwaukee division, uniform rank; of the Order of Eastern Star ; the Milwaukee Athletic Club ; and Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association. In politics he is a supporter of the principles and policies of the Republican party, and in religious matters belongs to the Congregational church. On Nov. 16, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Julia N. Sivyer, daughter of Joseph and Dorothea (Davis) Sivyer, of Milwaukee; the daughter born to this union, Lillian, is now the wife of Edward F. Pierce, of Milwaukee, who is engaged in the electric light and fixture business. Edwin Hyde, retired, one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Mihvaukee, where for more than half a century he has been an influence 'for good, was born in England on June 8, 1828. He is the only surviving child of the five born to Peter and Harriet (Harris) Hyde. His mother died when he was but three years old, and the father passed away in 1871. The father was a carpenter and builder by trade and his death occurred shortly after his son had crossed the Atlantic to make him a visit. Edwin Hyde received the limited educational advantages afforded by the common schools of England, and in 1857 came to the United States, being the only member of the family to leave the native land. After a year spent in Chicago he removed to Milwaukee and formed a partnership for the purpose of dealing in cut stone, under the firm name of Cook & Hyde. For more than forty years this firm did business, and although it started in a small way it soon grew to immense proportions and it became necessary to establish a branch office at Minneapolis. Minn. In 1898 Mr. Hyde retired from active participation in commercial life and has since been enjoying a well-earned respite after a life of industry. In 1871 he was elected a trustee of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, and is today, with the exception of Henry L. Palmer, the oldest member of the board of trustees of that institution. Always a Republican in his political views, he has done much to bring about the success of that party and has several times been the successful candidate for office. He has served a number of years in the city council, first in i860, and in [866 was elected to represent his district in the lower house of the state legislature. lie refused re-election the following year, but served again in the sessions of 1877 and 1878, and in 1879 an^ 1880 was a member of the state senate. Mr. 1 lyde has been for a great many years a devout member of the Grand Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, and has served many times in the capacity of lay preacher. He has the unique record of having officiated at more weddings and more funerals than any other local preacher of the denomination. In 1863 at the Waukesha conference he was elected as one of the deacons, and in 1870 at the Janesville conference of the church he was elected to position of elder. At the present time he is vice-president of the board of trustees of the Grand Avenue church, and devotes a large portion of his time to the duties of that office. He was chairman of the building committee which erected the fine new edifice which the congregation now occupies. He has always been intensely interested in Sunday school work and is the incumbent of the office of superintendent of the Sabbath school, having served in that position for nearly thirty-four years. In the early sixties he preached in the Oak Creek Congregational church some months to help out, and he preached in almost all localities in early years; consequently he has a large following of friends among the pioneers. He was a close friend of Rev. Mr. Underwood, the pioneer preacher. He was an active worker in the organization known as the Milwaukee County Bible Society. During the busy years of his life Mr. Hyde has found time to devote to missionary work and charitable institutions' and by his activity in this direction he has exerted a remarkable influence in causing others to substantially contribute to these movements. His efforts have been seconded by many men who are not members of the church.

Charles Ray has for many years been a prominent figure in Milwaukee commercial life. He was born on Jan. 27, 1835, in Saugerties, N. Y., a son of Adam E. and Eliza (Breasted) Ray. In September, 1838, the family removed to Wisconsin, locating on a farm in the western part of the county of Milwaukee. There the father followed agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1867. He was one of the earliest pioneers of the region and served in the territorial council of 1839. He was one of the directors of the old Milwaukee & Mississippi Railway Company, now part of the system of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway. In 1845 ne removed his family to what is now Walworth county, but later removed again to Waukesha county. Charles Ray, the subject of this review, received his education in a log schoolhouse and followed an Indian trail to get to and from the daily sessions. His teacher was Miss Eield. a daughter of Judge Field, of Mukwonago. and later she became the wife of Andrew E. Elmore, of Green Bay, who became quite renowned in earl}' Wisconsin history. He completed his ed- ucation by a two years' course at Milton College at Milton, Wis. His first employment was in a clerical position in the Farmers' and Millers' Bank, the predecessor of the present First National Bank of Milwaukee. He served in this capacity but a little over a year, however, resigning in 1857 to accept a position with the old Milwaukee & Mississippi Railway Company with which his father was connected. His duties sent him to Prairie du Chien, and he was cashier of the local office of the company there for a year. On severing this connection he accepted the cashiership of the Bank of Prairie du Chien. In 1866 he returned to Milwaukee and engaged in the grain commission business, becoming a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Until 1882 he was continuously engaged in this business, both in Milwaukee and Chicago, but ill health necessitated his retirement from active participation in it. He then became principal owner of the Milwaukee Sentinel and for seventeen years was president of the company. In 1890 he was made vicepresident of the National Exchange bank, and two years later succeeded to the presidency of the institution, a position he held until 1900. In 1892, he was also made treasurer of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, and is still a trustee of that corporation. Since 1900 he has not actively! participated in business affairs, spending his summers in Milwaukee and the winters in California. Besides his other business interests he is a vice-president and director of the Milwaukee Coke & Gas Company. In 1863 Mr. Ray was united in marriage, in Rome, N. Y., to Miss Jennie L. Merrill. To this union were born four daughters : Lucile is the wife of Angus S. Hiver, vice-president and general manager of the Chicago Telephone Company; Susie Dickinson is the wife of Malcolm McCallum ; Jennie is Mrs. Wyman K. Flint; and Clara is Mrs. Theodore D. Peck, of New York. Mr. Ray is one of the oldest members of the Chamber of Commerce, and served as vice-president in 1876 and as president in 1877 and 1878.

Robert Hill, deceased, late of 768 Cass street, Milwaukee, Wis., long known as one of the distinguished citizens of the Cream City, and a prominent merchant and financier, was descended from a sturdy line of Scotch ancestors. He was born in Edinborough, Scotland, on Jan. 18, 1841, the son of John and Agnes (Reed) Hill. His father was manager for a number of years of the Scottish Property Investment Co. at Edinborough, but in October, 1856, resigned his position as such, and came to the United States with his family. Robert was only a lad of fifteen when he accompanied his parents to the United States in 1856. Prior to leaving the old country he had received an excellent training in a private school in Edinborough, but he did not again have an opportunity to attend school. When he reached Milwaukee, in 1856, he was first employed by Mr. Sholes of the old "Milwaukee Free Democrat," prominent in the ante-bellum period for its anti-slavery principles, its bitter opposition to the Fugitive Slave law. and its connection with the ''Glover incident." Mr. Hill later went to Horicon, Dodge county. Wis., where he was employed as station agent for the C. M. & St. P. R. R.

He remained here for some time and then entered the service of William Smith & Co., wholesale grocers of Chicago, as traveling salesman, lie was engaged in this occupation at the outbreak oi the Civil war. Like thousands of other young men of that period, he was imbued with patriotic zeal and an intense love of liberty. He promptly organized a company of volunteers at Burlington, Wis., which subsequently became Company "C", of the First \\ isconsin volunteer infantry, and of which he was commissioned captain. He afterwards served on the staff of Gen. Henry M. Negley, serving in the armies of the Cumberland and Tennessee, and was honorably discharged from the service in August, 1862. Captain Hill was subsequently instrumental in the organization of the Light Horse Squadron, of Milwaukee, whose armory is situated on Broadway. In 1862, after severing his connection with the army, he went to Virginia City, Montana, where he was recordei of claims until the fall of 1865. Returning to Milwaukee in November of that vear, he became confidential clerk for the wholesale drygoods house of Sexton Bros., and upon the death of Lester Sexton, he became a member of the firm, then known as Storm, Hill & Co. In 1881 the company moved its headquarters to Chicago and carried on an extensive and profitable business at that point until the year 1892. Meanwhile. Mr. Hill resided with his family at Evanston, 111. In 1892 the firm sold out its business to Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co., and Mr. Hill returned once more to Milwaukee in 1894. Mr. Hill was a man of extraordinary business sagacity and indefatigable industry, qualities which brought him success and rendered him a power in the business and financial world. He assisted in the organization of the Wisconsin National Bank of Milwaukee, of which he was a director and vice-president. After some eight months of active connection with this important financial institution, he decided to retire from all active business pursuits, and thereafter devoted his leisure to rest and recreation. He traveled extensively at home and abroad up to the time of his death, which took place on July 3, 1906. He was a man of large affairs, and among his other important interests, was the Milwaukee Cold Storage Co., of which he was principal owner, and of which his son, John A., has long been the active manager. As a young man Mr. Hill belonged to the Republican party in politics, but joined the Democratic party at the time of Cleveland's first nomination for the presidency. He was a man of too independent a character ever to be a subservient party worshipper, and in his political views was always guided by principles rather than by parties or men, thereby exhibiting true patriotism. His charities were of a wide and generous nature, though he dispensed them without ostentation, and his many philanthropies were seldom heralded abroad. Mr. Hill was married on June 6, [866, to Miss Jennie A., daughter of Abram and Jane A. (Barnard) Rorick, of Wauwatosa, Wis. They were blessed with five children. of whom four have grown to maturity, and with their mother, are still living. The children were: Robert P.. who now resides in Fort Worth, Texas; John A., manager of the Milwaukee Cold Stor- age Co. ; Lucy, wife of James Ellis Briggs, of New York city ; Edna, who died at the tender age of five years ; and George B., who is a graduate of the Agricultural Department of the University of Wisconsin, at Madison. Mr. Hill was very prominent in the Masonic Order, and was the recipient of many of its highest honors. He was also a member of the Loyal Legion and of E. B. Wolcott Post No. i, G. A. R., of Milwaukee. He was a man of broad and catholic tastes, absolutely just and honorable in all his business dealings, affable and courteous in his intercourse with others, and of clean and unblemished private life. His reputation as a man and citizen was of the very highest, while his fine business abilities commanded the respect of all his associates.

Walter Kempster, M. D., of Milwaukee, Wis., is one of the most eminent physicians in the United States, but his record of patriotism during the dark days of the Civil war is no less worthy of commemoration in the annals of endeavor and achievement. He was born in London, England, May 25, 1841, son of Christopher and Charlotte (Treble) Kempster, and at an early age was brought to America by his parents, who settled in Syracuse, N. Y., about 1849. The father was a botanist and horticulurist of note, and he also gave a great deal of attention to questions relating to human progress, being active in the anti-slavery movement before the war, in prison reform work, and one of the earliest promoters of the Young Men's Christian Association. The son received his preliminary education in the common and high schools of the city of Syracuse and then entered the Long Island College Hospital. The war clouds had gathered and the storm of fratricidal strife was upon the country before he had finished his professional course, but though he enlisted at the outbreak of hostilities he continued his studies while in the service by having chapters cut from medical books and sent to him in the field. He enlisted in April, 1861, in the Twelfth New York infantry, known as the "Onondaga Regiment," which was mustered into the LTnited States servic for a threemonths term at Elmira, N. Y., May 13, 1861. On May 29, it left for Washington and upon its arrival encamped upon Capitol hill and in the White House grounds until July 10 when it was assigned to the Fourth brigade, First division of the Army of Northeastern Virginia, and marched to Chain Bridge. While camped in the White House grounds Dr. Kempster frequently saw and conversed with President Lincoln, the first interview making a lasting impression. Dr. Kempster was not robust at that time, and one day while standing on the steps of the White House, talking with the President's sons, Robert and "Tad", the great President came down the steps, put his hand on the doctor's head, turning his face upward, and after a few moments he said: "My boy, where did you come from"'' You ought not to be here; run in the house and play with the children." The sad expression that came into President 'Lincoln's face made an impression that has never been forgotten. The regiment was first under fire at Blackburn's Ford, July 18, 1861, losing thirty-two men. Dr. Kempster participated with his command in this engagement and the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, where his regiment was on the left and not engaged until the repulse of the right wing, when the Fourth brigade held the Confederates in check and prevented them Mom occupying Centerville, holding that position until the panic-stricken arm}- passed through, leaving Centerville about midnight. After the fight at Blackburn's Ford, Dr. Kempster was detailed from the 'ranks for service in the field hospital, the first of its kind in what afterward became the Army of the Potomac. Being mustered out of service in October, 1861, Dr. Kempster again enlisted in November, 1861, in the Tenth New York cavalry; the regiment bivouacked at Gettysburg during the winter of 1861-2, and became familiar with all roads about that place, which was of much use to the cavalry division at the time of the great battle here. He was appointed hospital steward and detailed to hospital duty in Baltimore, where he assisted in the organization of the Patterson Park general hospital in April, 1862. He arrived at the barracks, just vacated by a regiment of infantry, at noon. The buildings were bare and there was no furniture, not even a stove. Without previous notice, about 3 p. m., an ambulance train arrived with 300 wounded men from field hospitals. There was no food, not even straw for the men to lie on, and no blankets; but before 8 p. m. that night a warm meal had been prepared, every man had straw to lie on and a blanket to cover him, and the most seriously wounded had been made fairly comfortable. Young Kempster was enabled to secure this remarkable result through the assistance of Surgeon Josiah Simpson, U. S. Army, medical director of the Department of the East, who recognized the effort being made by Dr. Kempster and set aside the usual "red tape," adjusting the requisitions afterwards. In a few days the hospital was in good condition and shortly ranked with the best in the army. At his own request, Dr. Kempster was relieved from this duty in January, 1863, and rejoined his regiment in the field, participating with it in the Stoneman raid of the Chancellorsville campaign. The regiment is enumerated by Col. Fox as one of the 300 fighting regiments of the war, and it served with the First brigade, Third division of the cavalry corps of the Arm}' of the Potomac from February to June, 1863, when it was assigned to the Third brigade of the Second division, in which division it served until the close of the war. The regiment was in thirty-one pitched battles and many other engagements, beside almost continual skirmishing, from 1863 to the close of the war. Its hardest fighting was at Hawcs' Shop and Brandy Station, but it bore a conspicuous part at Aldie, Middleburg, Upperville, Gettysburg (in the terrific cavalry fight on the right flank, where Stuart's cavalry was driven from the field during Pickett's celebrated charge), at Sulphur Springs, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Catlett's Station, Aline Run, the Wilderness, Yellow Tavern (where the Confederate Gen. J. E. P>. Stuart was mortally wounded), Hawes' Shop, Trevilian Station. St. Mary's Church, Reams' Station, Boydton Plank Road, and so on to the close of the war at Appomatox. On

June 9, 1863, he was promoted to first lieutenant for gallantry on the field at Brandy Station. As the regiment lacked its full complement of surgeons he performed the duty of surgeon as well as lieutenant, but in December, 1863, owing to injuries received in service, he resigned his commission. During convalescence he completed his medical studies in the Long Island Medical College, and was graduated in that institution in June, 1864. He then re-entered the service as acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., and so continued until the close of the war. After the close of hostilities Dr. Kempster made a special study of nervous and mental diseases, and in 1866 was appointed assistant superintendent of the New York state asylum for idiots at Syracuse, in which position he remained until the autumn of 1867. He was then appointed assistant physician in the New York Hospital for Insane at Utica, which position he held until 1873, when he was appointed superintendent of the Northern Hospital for the Insane at Oshkosh, Wis., which necessitated his removal to the Badger State. He remained at Oshkosh until 1884, when he resigned his position and removed to the city of Milwaukee, where he has since resided, giving his attention to professional matters and serving in several important positions, among which have been Special Medical Commissioner for the United States government to Russia ; also to visit Europe and take measures to prevent the introduction of cholera to the United States during the World's Fair in 1893, Commissioner of Health of the city of Milwaukee, 1894-8; and Professor of Mental Diseases in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. Kempster's professional specialty is diseases of the nervous system and insanity, he having been the first physician in the United States to make systematic microscopic examinations of brains of the insane, and he was also the first to photograph through a microscope the actual disease of the brain, accomplishing the latter in 1867. He was one of the three physicians appointed by the United States government to examine Charles Guiteau, who shot President Garfield, and found him sane and responsible. In the literary field he has also won considerable recognition, being the author of "The Causes of Emigration from Europe," a valuable work in two volumes, published in 1892 ; "The International Dissemination of Cholera and Other Infectious Diseases, with Plan for Effectual Quarantine" (1893); and he is also a contributor to standard publications on the subjects of Insanity, Mental Hygiene, and Jurisprudence. Notwithstanding the energy and concentration of thought necessary to secure high standing in the medical profession, Dr. Kempster has found time to devote to fellowship with his old comrades of war times. He is an honored member of the G. A. R. ; was Commander of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of Wisconsin, 1001, and a member of the Society of the Army of the Potomac. In addition to other literary work he has written a number of articles on military affairs, besides delivering lectures and public addresses. He delivered funeral orations on the day President Garfield was buried, also on the oc- ;ion of President McKinley's burial. He is the author of a "His-

Henry Fink, collector of internal revenue for the First district of Wisconsin, and a veteran of Company 15, Twenty-sixth Wisconsin infantry, now a resident of Milwaukee, Wis., was born on Sept. 7, 1840, in Bavaria, Germany. He is a son of John Engelhart and Catherine (Dielmann) Fink, who, when the subject of this sketch was twelve years old, removed with their family and personal property to the United States, locating on a farm in the town of Oak Creek, Milwaukee county, Wisconsin. The father lived on the farm until his death, which occurred Jan. 8, 1880; the mother died while her son was serving as a soldier, on Feb. 9, 1864. The subject of this sketch was the second of seven children in the family, the others in the order of birth being Mary, Engelhart, Jacob, Simon, Helena and Louise. Engelhart and Helena are deceased, the former having lost his life in the battle of the Wilderness, in which he was a participant as a member of the Fifth Wisconsin infantry. Henry Fink, after his arrival in this country, was occupied on a farm until he had reached the age of twenty. He then obtained a position as a clerk in a store in Milwaukee, continuing in that work until Aug. 17, 1862, when, at the very height of the war excitement in the Cream City, he enlisted as a private in Company B of the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin infantry. On Oct. 5 following, the regiment left the state for the scene of action, going direct to Fairfax Court House, where it became a part of the Second brigade, Third division, Eleventh army corps, and with it participated in the expedition to Thoroughfare Gap, New Baltimore and Warrenton. The winter was spent in camp at Stafford Court House, and in the spring the regiment was one of those "stuck in the mud" with Burnside. On April 27, the Eleventh corps, under Maj.-Gen. O. O. Howard, left Stafford Court House in the start of the Chancellorsville campaign. The crossing of the Rappahannock was made at Kelly's Ford, and on May 1 the corps took position on the right of the Federal line. In the terrible onslaught of "Stonewall" Jackson's corps on Howard's command, before which the Union line wavered and then fell back, Mr. Fink was wounded, a musket ball piercing his right arm and rendering it useless. He was taken to the field hospital at Falmouth, where the injured member was attended to, and later was sent to the Judiciary square hospital in Washington. On June 26 he was transferred to Fort Schuyler, N. Y., and in November to David's Island, where he remained until removed to the Harvey hospital in Madison, Wis., on Jan. 7, 1864. In the following March he was mustered into the Invalid corps, and remained there until his discharge on May 10, 1864. Upon his release from military service Mr. Fink returned to Milwaukee and for three years was a traveling salesman. In 1867 he embarked in business on his own account, becoming a dealer in wool, hides and furs. This occupied bis time until 1878, when he sold his interests and engaged in the land business. He is also financially interested in the Wilkin Manufacturing company, makers of machinery. Politically he is an enthusiastic and zealous Republican, and as such served four years on the county board of supervisors, from 1870 to 1874, and in 1876-77 served in the state legislature. In the latter year he was appointed United States marshal, and continued in that office through the administrations of Hayes, Garfield and Arthur, his service expiring on May 10, 1885. On June 13, 1889, he was made collector of internal revenue for the First district of Wisconsin, and is still the incumbent of that office. Mr. Fink is actively identified with the E. B. Wolcott Post No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic. He has been twice married. On May 13. 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Streiff, of Milwaukee, and to this union were born three children : Albert, Edward and Emma. Mrs. Fink died on Jan. 6, 1883, and on Sept. 12, 1883, Mr. Fink married Miss Rosa Blankenhorn, a native of Cedarburg, Wis.

Robert Closson Spencer - a member of a family more widely known, probably, than any other family in the United States connected with educational work - is the president of the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee. He is the son of Piatt R. Spencer, who devised the Spencerian style of penmanship, and whose name has been a familiar one in every school in the land for two generations. The first American ancestor of the family, John Spencer, came to Rhode Island in 1661, and was one of the founders of East Greenwich, in that state, and Caleb Spencer, the grandfather of Robert C, served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Robert was born in East Ashtabula, Ohio, June 22, 1829, and received a common school and academic education, and began his work as a teacher in Gundy's Mercantile College, in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 185 1, in partnership with V. M. Rice, he opened a commercial school in Buffalo, N. Y. Shortly after, in company with Messrs. Bryant and Stratton, he was employed in establishing commercial colleges in the larger cities of the United States, and was so engaged in St. Louis, Mo., in the spring of 1861, when the Civil war broke out, and he abandoned his educational work for a time and enlisted in the Third Missouri infantry. This regiment, mustered at the St. Louis arsenal on April 22, 1861, in the three months' service, participated in the capture of Camp Jackson, and was in the battles of Carthage and Wilson's Creek. At the close of his term of enlistment Mr. Spencer left the military service with impaired health and returned to his educational work, coming' north in the hope of recuperation. He came to Milwaukee in May, 1863, and in September following, under the name of Bryant, Stratton & Spencer, opened a commercial college, which, since 1865, has been known as the Spencerian Business College. It was incorporated in 1873. and reincorporated in 1887, and has a strong faculty, the teachers being experts and specialists in the departments of bookkeeping, penmanship, business practice, office routine, commercial law, banking, civics, phonography, typewriting, and all allied branches of stud}' which fit a young man for practical business life. Thousands of young men, many of them occupying the most responsible positions in the present commercial life of this and neighboring states, have been fitted in this college for their successful life work. Among those who received their first tuition in business methods from Prof. R. C. Spencer may be mentioned Hon. Lyman J. Gage, former secretary of the treasury of the United States, who took -his first lessons in accounts of the former in Chicago in 1858, when Prof. Spencer was in that city in the interests of the Bryant & Stratton chain of commercial colleges. Personally Prof. Spencer is a man of strong mentality and actively interested in all lines of educational work ; he is liberal in his religious views, and politically a supporter of the Republican party, and while active in all that pertains to his duties as a citizen has never been a seeker after political honors. In 1890 the Republicans of his district nominated him for Congress, but that year was a disastrous one for the Republican party, on account of the opposition aroused by the "Bennet law," and his political opponent, Hon. John L. Mitchell, was elected. Prof. Spencer was one of the organizers of the People's Institute of Milwaukee, for a number of years a flourishing institution, a promoter of the Wisconsin Phonological Institute for teaching the deaf to speak, one of the founders of the Wisconsin Humane Society, and a member of the Grand Arm}' of the Republic, and Avas for some time the vice president of the Political Science Association of the University of Wisconsin. As a member of the Grand Army he has been instrumental in the inauguration of a movement for the preservation of the military, civil and family histories of the members of that order, the historical value of which wall become greater and more apparent to the student with every added year. The survivors of that great civil conflict are fast passing away, and it will soon be impossible to collect data which has the freshness and peculiar value of personal recollections. Mr. Spencer is the originator of a movement which has gained momentum through the encouragement of many eminent citizens, the object of which is to nationalize a system of education on a liberal basis, requiring the active co-operation of national, state and municipal governments in the establishment of a system of universal education suited to the conditions and requirements of communities, and adapted to the needs of the people. His plan comprehends memorializing the United States Congress to call a constitutional convention for the purpose of amending the Federal Constitution as to empowering congress to establish and maintain conjointly with the states a national system of education adapted to the needs of the people. The idea seems a feasible one, and it is to be hoped that it will be carried to a successful consummation.

James Greeley Flanders, a member of the prominent law firm of Winkler, Flanders, Bottum & Fawsett, of Milwaukee, is a native of New London, N. H., born Dec. 13, 184 [. His parents were Walter P. and Susan Everett (Greeley) Flanders, the former a native, also, of New Hampshire, and the latter of Newburyport, Mass. Mr. Flanders comes from a family distinguished for its legal attain- ments, and also for its participation in the Colonial and early national history, his grandfather, James Flanders, born in 1740, having served in the war of the Revolution and was also distinguished as a lawyer and legislator in New Hampshire. His father, Walter P. Flanders, was also prominent as an attorney and in political life in his native state, and on coming west, in 1848, became largely interested in real estate and the enterprises looking toward the development of the city and state. The time of his coming west was identical with the beginnings of the movement of railroad building, and he was one of the chief promoters, a director and the first treasurer of the Milwaukee & Mississippi railroad, now a part of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul system. He was a man of strong personality and distinguished appearance. Coming to Wisconsin at the age of four years Air. James G. Flanders may be considered a product of Wisconsin institutions, so far as environment modifies inherited characteristics. He was graduated from the city schools at the age of fifteen, and then entered Phillips-Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, in which he was graduated in 1861, passing at that time his examination for admission to Yale College. After spending two years in teaching he entered Yale and was graduated with the class of 1867, and spent the succeeding year in the office of Emmons & Van Dyke, of Milwaukee, reading law, and then entered the law department of Columbia College, New York, receiving his degree in 1869 and being admitted at that time to practice before the supreme court of New York. Returning to Milwaukee he began the practice of his profession and has been identified with the bar of the city ever since. Following are his legal associations : Davis & Flanders, the partnership continuing for five years ; Flanders & Bottum, this partnership continuing for eleven years.. In 1888 James G. Jenkins, of the firm of Jenkins, Winkler & Smith, having been appointed United States district judge, the firm of Winkler, Flanders, Smith, Bottum & Vilas was organized as the successor to the firms of Jenkins, Winkler & Smith and Flanders & Bottum. This was considered one of the strongest legal associations in the state or in the Northwest. Mr. Vilas subsequently retired from the firm, Mr. Smith died in 1906, and Mr. Fawsett has since been admitted to partnership, the firm name being now as given at the head of this article. Mr. Flanders entered his professional career not only well equipped professionally, but with that broad foundation of general knowledge and culture, essential to the best achievement, and while he has from the beginning of his career devotcd his best efforts to his profession, yet he has found time to interest himself in many questions of public inportance, although he has never been a politician in the common acceptation of the term. The problems of political, social and industrial life have received from him a broad and statesmanlike consideration, and although lie supports the Democratic party, he does so from a peri.il conviction in regard to the principles and policies enunciated by it rather than From a slavish adherence to party ties. His participation in practical politics has been small, including only a posi- tion on the school board as the representative of the First ward of the city, and as the representative of the same ward in the state legislature of 1877. While in the legislature he served upon the judiciary committee where his legal training, sound judgment and thorough knowledge of the law was highly appreciated. In 1896 he was chosen as one of the delegates at large to the Democratic National convention, but being unable, from principle, to accept the platform adopted at the Chicago convention, he joined with those who held the convention at Indianapolis which nominated Palmer and Buckner. In this campaign Mr. Flanders made many sound money speeches, his masterly exposition of the subject receiving wide and favorable comment. Combined with his profound knowledge of the law, Mr. Flanders is endowed with a logical and keenly analytical mind, and rare gifts of oratorical power. Naturally he has taken a leading position in legal circles and his services have come into demand when highly important constitutional questions are under consideration, and as the exponent of constitutional interpretation he has frequently appeared before the supreme court of the United States. Some of the most epoch-marking decisions of recent years were based on briefs which he has prepared. On June 18, 1873, Mr. Flanders was united in marriage to Mary C, daughter of Robert Haney, one of the pioneers of Milwaukee. Their children are Charlotte Bartlett, now Mrs. Joseph W. Simpson, of Milwaukee ; Kent, who died in 1907, and Roger Y., who was graduated at Yale with the class of 1906, and is now pursuing his legal studies at the Harvard Law School. Mr. Flanders, although not devoting a great deal of time to club life, is connected with the leading clubs of the city, including the Milwaukee, Country, Town, University and Old Settlers' clubs of Milwaukee ; the University Club at Madison ; the Yale Club of Chicago ; the Yale Club of New York City, and the Graduates' Club of New Haven, Conn. He was president of the University Club of Milwaukee for two terms about the time of its organization.

Francis X. Boden, a member of the firm of Boden & Beuscher, attorneys, wras, born in the town of Lake, Milwaukee county, Jan. 30, 1876. He was instructed by his mother until he was sent to Marquette College (now Marquette University), at which he was graduated in 1895 with the degree of A. B. He took a post-graduate course at the Georgetown (Washington, D. C.) University, in the school of art and sciences and the college of law, receiving the degrees of A. M.,LL.B. and LL.M.jn 1898, 1899 and 1900, respectively, and in 1900 also received the degree of Ph. D. from the same university. He was president of his class during his senior year. Mr. Boden began the practice of law in Milwaukee in 1900, and in 1901 entered into a partnership with Jacob P. Beuscher, with whom he has since been associated. They have a general law practice. In politics Mr. Boden is a Republican, and received the nomination of his party for the position of district attorney in 1906, and he has been a delegate to every city, county and state Republican convention since 1902; was a member of the state central committee

James Graham Jenkins, retired judge of the United States Circuit court for the Seventh Judicial circuit, was born on July 18, 1834, at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and is the son of Edgar and Mary Elizabeth (Walworth) Jenkins, the former of whom was a wellknown business man of New York City, and the latter the daughter of Reuben Hyde Walworth,, the last chancellor of the state of Xew York, which office was abolished by the constitution of 1848, the "code" doing away with the separate court of equity. Previous to the abolition of the office Chancellor Walworth had held the position for sixteen years, and before his assumption of that office was a judge of the supreme court of the state. Rev. Clarence A. Walworth, brother of Mrs. Jenkins, was converted from the Presbyterian to the Episcopal faith, and later became a communicant of the Catholic church, and rose to the priesthood in the last named religious organization. He belonged to the order of Paulist Fathers, and acquired great reputation as an eloquent preacher. He was also prominent in public affairs, and a noted man of his day. Judge Jenkins' paternal ancestors came from Martha's Vine}Tard, Mass., to Hudson, N. Y., and were among the original founders of the system of local settlement, under the "Proprietors," where a few persons bought up large tracts of the country on the Hudson, and established something resembling the feudal system. Judge Jenkins obtained his earlv education in New York and be^an studving law in that city with Ellis, Burrill & Davison. He was admitted to the bar by examination in 1855, and began practice in Xew York City. Two years later he came west, locating in Milwaukee. Although at that early day Milwaukee contained many eminent members of the bar Judge Jenkins had no difficulty in taking a prominent position among them. Pie was a member at different times of the law firms of Downer, LaDue & Jenkins ; Ryan, Carpenter & Jenkins; Jenkins & Hickcox ; Jenkins, Elliott & Winkler; Jenkins, Winkler, Fish & Smith ; Jenkins, Winkler, Smith & Vilas. In 1863 he was elected city attorney and held the office for four successive terms. Among other important matters which came up for consideration during his term of service was the constitutionality of the law authorizing taxation to pay soldier's bounty (Brodhead vs. Milwaukee, 19 Wis. 624), Judge Jenkins successfully defending the law. He was a member of the Democratic party, and received the votes of his political confreres for the position of governor in 1879 an<^ f°r Enited States senator in 1880, but was defeated in both cases. He was not, however, an aspirant for political honors, and stood as the representative of his part}" in each case at the demand of his constituents. In 1885 President Cleveland tendered him the position of associate justice of the supreme court of the District of Columbia, but he declined it. In [888 he was appointed judge of the United States district court for the Eastern district of Wisconsin, which position he filled with dignity and ability until 1893, when, upon the resignation of Judge

James G. Jenkins Biographical 39

Gresham to enter the cabinet of President Cleveland, he was appointed judge of the United States Circuit court for the Seventh Judicial circuit, becoming a member of, and, upon the death of Judge Woods, the presiding judge of the circuit court of appeals for the Seventh circuit, comprising the States of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. After attaining the age of seventy years he retired on April n, 1905. Judge Jenkins was admirabl} qualified both by nature and training for his long and honorable career on the bench. During his incumbency of the last office he heard many cases of importance both as to the large financial interests involved and the principles which were under consideration. Perhaps the one that gave to him the widest reputation as a jurist was the decision in the case of the Farmers' Loan & Trust Company vs. the Northern Pacific Railway Company, et al., to foreclose a trust mortgage of $140,000,000. An opinion rendered by Judge Jenkins in this case is considered as a monument to the legal knowledge, judicial acumen, and courage on his part. (Farmers' Loan & Trust Company vs. Northern Pacific R. R. Co., 60 Fed. R. 803). The University of Wisconsin in 1893 and the Wabash College of Indiana, in 1897, conferred upon Judge Jenkins the degree of LL. D., in recognition of his attainments as a lawyer and a judge. His marriage to Miss Alice Mary Miller, daughter of Judge Andrew G. Miller, the first judge of the United States district court of Wisconsin, was celebrated on Feb. 6, 1870, and their home has always been a center of refined and cultured social life, the judge being in addition to a legal student a gentleman of broad literary culture. They have no children. Chancellor Walworth, mentioned above, traced his ancestry on the maternal side to Lord Chancellor Hyde of England, and on the paternal side to Sir William Walworth, mayor of London, who for insolence to King Richard II, during the Tyler insurrection, killed the leader of the revolt, Wat Tyler, in 1381. Numerous members of the family have acquired distinction, among them being William Jenkins Worth, a cousin of Judge Jenkins, who was a major-general in the United States army and a prominent figure in the war with Mexico. A monument to him is erected in Madison Square, at the junction of Fifth avenue and Broadway, New York city. Chancellor Walworth, previously mentioned, was adjutant on the staff of General Moore in the battle of Plattsburg, War of 181 2, when the Americans met the British army that invaded the country by way of Canada. Elisha Bacon, a great uncle of Judge Jenkins, was for many years the United States consul at Nassau, West India Islands, the family records demonstrating that ability above the ordinary was of frequent occurrence in the ancestors of the eminent judge whose life is briefly considered in this sketch.

George Peckham Miller, of the firm of Miller, Mack & Fairchild, Milwaukee, may well be said to belong to a legal family. His grandfather. Judge Andrew Galbraith Miller, descended from Scotch-Irish ancestors, who immigrated to America in the Colonial days, served as territorial judge from November, 1838, succeeding" Judge Frazer, until the admission of Wisconsin as a state, when he was made judge of the Federal district comprising the whole state, and discharged all the functions of the Federal judiciary of the state for fourteen years. Andrew G. Miller was born in Carlisle, Cumberland county. Pa., Sept. 18, 1801, and was the eldest of a family of ten children. In 1827 he married Miss Caroline E. Kurtz, of Harrisburg, Pa., whose father, Benjamin Kurtz, helped to establish the Lutheran church in America. Judge Miller remained upon the Federal bench until Nov. 11, 1873, when he resigned, his resignation taking effect the following January. He died suddenly on Sept. 30, 1874. His son, Benjamin K. Miller, was born in Gettysburg, Pa., May 6, 1830, and came west with his parents in 1838. Although the opportunities for education in Milwaukee were at that time meager, Judge Miller, himself a graduate of AVashington College, Pa., in the class of 1819, provided private instruction for his son and he was fitted for college under the tuition of Rev. Alfred L. Chapin, D. D., afterward president of Beloit College, and entered the freshman class of Washington College, pursuing the classical course until near the close of the junior year. Returning home, he began the study of the law under the preceptorship of his father, Judge Miller, and was admitted to the bar upon the day on which he attained his majority. He was married on Sept. 3, 1856, to Miss Isabella Peckham, daughter of Geo. W. Peckham, a banker and lawyer of Milwaukee, and in January, 1857, he became a partner in the firm of Finch, Lynde & Miller, the firm designation remaining unchanged until 1890. Mr. Miller was counsel for interests, especially as to trusts, in the estates of most of the wealthy citizens of Milwaukee. The firm was also attorneys for the railroads consolidated under the name of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, and also for the receivers of the Northern Pacific Company pending the adjustment of claims, Mr. Miller being pre-eminently the office lawyer. He died on Sept. 12, 1898. George Peckham Miller, the second son of Benjamin K. and Isabella (Peckham) Miller, was born Oct. 12, 1858, in Milwaukee. Beside the distinguished legal names already mentioned in connection with the family, there was Rufus W. Peckham, uncle of Mrs. B. K. Miller, for many years one of the judges of the court of appeals of the state of New York ; Rufus W. Peckham of a later generation, born in 1838, and one of the justices of the supreme court of the United States since 1896, and his brilliant brother, Wheeler II. Peckham, nominated as a justice of the same court by President Cleveland. George P. Miller received an exceptionally thorough education, beginning with his elementary studies. Subsequently he entered the Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, in which he was graduated in 1877, intending to enter the banking business in the employ of the late Alexander Mitchell. The bank building being at that time in course of construction, he took a trip to Europe in the meantime, and entered a German university; and later he divided to continue his studies there, studying law and the philosophy of law at the German universities of Gottingen and Bres- lau from 1877 to 1880, taking the degree of J. U. D. (juris utriusque (It icier) at Gottingen. He was admitted to the 1>ar in 1X81, and the following year began practice in Milwaukee in partnership with his father and Henry M. Finch, Asahel Finch and William P. Lynde. Within the years 1883 and 1885 the last three named died, leaving only I'.. EC. Miller of the original members of the firm. The latter being devoted to the office work, George P. and Benjamin K. Miller, Jr., were intrusted, almost at the beginning of their legal career, with some of the most important litigation of the state, and with the aid of their father, who was a man of great ability and undoubted integrity, they succeeded not only in holding the large business of the firm but in increasing it. George P. Miller has been engaged as counsel by man}' large corporations and has been in much important litigation. Among the important estates of which he is trustee may be mentioned those of John Plankinton, E. H. Brodhead, Henry C. Payne, T. A. Chapman and B. K. Miller. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, of the First National Bank and of the Layton Art Gallery, and is attorney for the T. M. E. R. & L. Company, the Milwaukee Gas Light Company and the Wisconsin Telephone Company. While supporting the Democratic party, he has never been in political life. Although a busy man of affairs, Mr. Miller enjoys social life and belongs to the Milwaukee Country and Town Clubs of the city. On Sept. 28, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Laura A. Chapman, daughter of T. A. and Laura (Bowker) Chapman, of Milwaukee, and two children, Laura Isabelle and Alice Chapman, have been born to them.

Right Rev. Peter M. Abbelen, spiritual director of the convent of Notre Dame, of Milwaukee, is a native of Duelken, Rhenish Province, and was born on Aug. 8, 1843. His parents, Henry and Mary Katherine (Hinssen ) Abbelen, the former a native of the same place and the latter of Boishein, also of the Rhenish Province, spent their lives in their native land, the son coming to America on Nov. 6, 1866, locating at St. Francis Seminary near Milwaukee. He acquired his early education at the parochial schools of his birthplace, attending Gaesdonk College near Goch, in the Rhenish Province, and the University of Muenster, Westphalia, Germany. He was ordained to the priesthood at St. Francis' Seminary, Jan. 29, 1868, having spent the two intervening years in theological studies. He said his first mass at the seminary on Feb. 2, 1868, and served for a time as a professor, later taking the appointment as pastor to the Catholic church at Cheppewa Falls. On account of failinghealth he was transferred to a church at La Crosse, but his health again failing, he traveled abroad for nearly a year. After his return he worked as pastor of St. Gabriel's church in Prairie du Chien until 1875. Sickness again compelled him to travel abroad for eight or nine months, and then after a short stay in Prairie du Chien he went, in 1876, to the Convent of Notre Dame, where he has since been acting as spiritual director. He is a prominent figure in church circles and has written some books for the convent, one of them being "'The Life of Mother Caroline, Founder of Notre Dame Convent." Father Abbelen was a member of the Council of Baltimore in 1884. and one of the theologians that prepared the work of the council, acting as theologian for the archbishop of Milwaukee, and as one of the notaries of the council. In 1906 he was appointed domestic prelate to his Holiness Pope Pius X, which gave him the title of "Monsignor." He was also acting vicar-general to the Archbishop of Milwaukee during the absence, of Monsignor Rainer in Europe, on whose return he resigned the position. Father Abbelen has won by his exemplary life and winning personal qualities a large place in the work of his church and in the affections of those who are under his spiritual direction.

Marshall C. Moss, of 230 Twenty-sixth street, Milwaukee, president and superintendent of the Rockwell Manufacturing Co., was born at Milwaukee on April 15, 1872, the son of Charles H. and Cordelia A. Moss, the former a native of Reading, England, where he was born on Dec. 13, 1828, and the latter a native of De Kalb county, 111. Charles H. came to the United States in 1848, before he had attained his majority. He first settled in Milwaukee in i860, and there became foreman for the firm of Judd & Hiles, at West Water and Sycamore streets. In 1871 the factory of Judd & Hiles burned, and C. A. Hiles assumed the ownership and moved the establishment to the corner of Sixth avenue and Park street. In 1872 the partnership of Sanger, Rockwell & Co. was formed, composed of Mr. Moss, Casper M. Sanger, and H. H. Rockwell. In 1893 the copartnership was reorganized as a corporation and its name changed to The Rockwell Manufacturing Co., with Mr. Rockwell as president and Mr. Moss as vice-president. In 1901 Mr. Rockwell died and Mr. Moss became president of the company, in which capacity he served up to the time of his death in California, April 16, 1903. He was one of the brainiest and shrewdest business men in the city, and was closely identified in mairy ways with the material upbuilding of the city. His marriage to Miss Cordelia Churchill took place in 1870. His remains were brought back from California to Milwaukee for burial, and now rest in Forest Home cemetery. After the death of Mr. Moss, until March, 1904, the office of president of the company remained vacant, and at that time his son, Marshall C. Moss, the subject of this sketch, was elected to fill the office, and also continued to act in the capacity of superintendent of the plant. Marshall C. graduated from the ward and high schools of the city, and later attended the University of Wisconsin, where he graduated in the Law Department with the class of 1894. Mr. Moss was exceedingly popular as a student, and was regarded as 'me of the brightest men in his class. Pie is a member of the well known Greek letter college fraternity of Psi Upsilon, and also of the law fraternity of Delta Phi. He took a lively interest as a student in the work of the LTniversity Battalion, of which he attained to the rank of Adjutant. His interest in military matters has since continued, and he was a member of the Bugle Corps of the Milwaukee Light Horse Squadron, Milwaukee's crack cavalry organization.

I Fpon the completion of his college course Mr. Moss returned to Milwaukee, but never entered upon the active practice of the law. In January, 1895, he entered the employ of the Rockwell Manufacturing Co.; became secretary of the company on Nov. 28, 1896; was made superintendent on May 14, 1901, and has been president and superintendent since March 31, 1904. The Rockwell Manufacturing Co. has developed into one of the important industries of its kind in the United States, employing about 500 men, and it turns out annually an enormous product, consuming a million feet of lumber per month ; it manufactures doors, sash, blinds, hardwood finishings, wood mantels, lumber, lath, shingles, etc. Under the able and skillful management of Mr. Moss, the company is today in a highly prosperous condition, and ranks as one of the most successful industries in the city. Mr. Moss has been a life-long Republican in politics, but has never sought public preferment on his own behalf. He was most happily married in November, 1897, to Miss Kathryri E. Mathewson, a graduate of the University of Wisconsin, and the daughter of Edward W. Mathewson, of Menasha, Wis. Mr. and Mrs. Moss are the parents of one charming daughter, Jane Winifred, born on Dec. 4, 1898. Mr. Moss is a man of courteous and affable personality, is exceedingly popular in both the business and social life of the city, and possesses a host of warm friends. He is a credit to the city with which he has been identified from the time of his birth, and is a splendid type of the modern, clean, able and progressive young business men. In addition to the college fraternities previously mentioned, he is a member of the Ivanhoe Commandery, Knights Templar, and also of the Milwaukee Athletic Club.

John J. D. Meinke was born in Lubben in the dukedom of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on July 13, 1834. He received a common country school education and graduated at the age of fifteen years. After he left school on March 1, 1849, he entered into an apprenticeship, studying the art of carriage manufacturing in Guestrow with Fred Delpho, a carriage maker, for a term of three years. He then left home for the purpose of better educating himself and traveled through the European countries. He succeeded in obtaining an engagement in Bremen where he remained until June 15, 1857, when he left his situation to go home and arrange his affairs preparatory to a journey to America. Boarding a sailing vessel at Bremen July 3, 1857, in company with his bride-to-be he landed in New York on Aug. 28, 1857. He arrived in Milwaukee on Sept. 5. 1857, with but little means left. Hard times were setting in and there was no work of any kind to be obtained at any price and Mr. Meinke was unable to secure employment for seven months. He engaged to work on April 10, 1858. with Isaac Ellsworth, then a carriage manufacturer. On April 30 he was married to Barbara Preem, who had accompanied him to America. He worked for Mr. Ellsworth two years and seven months, until Oct. 1, i860, the business being located at 299-300 Broadway in the city of Milwaukee. His father, Frederick Meinke. was born in Strigo, Germany, in 1800, and his mother, Elizabeth (Eggert) Meinke, was born in Vielgert, Germany. The father was a carriage maker by trade in the old country and left for America in i860, arriving- in Milwaukee on July 3 of that year, coming direct to his son, the subject of this review, who was then working for the firm of Isaac Ellsworth. Giving up his position on Oct. 1, i860, John Meinke and Chris Krop engaged in business on a small scale, doing their manufacturing in a small blacksmith shop at 303-306 Broadway, which was formerly a horseshoeing shop, 60x80 feet. The owner, Dave Clary, was lost on the Lady Elgin. Carriages, buggies and wagons were manufactured and all kinds of repairing pertaining to that line was done. The father, Frederick Meinke, worked for the new firm. On April 1, 1 861, the firm name changed to John Meinke, he buying out Chris Krop's interest, and from that time on the business was progressive. In 1862 John Meinke bought out the firm of Isaac Ellsworth, thus gaining control of his old employer's business, and he carried on both places until the lease expired at 303-306 Broadway. In the fall of 1863 he entered into partnership with Charles Weber, a blacksmith, who was then working for him ; the Civil war being then in progress, made it hard to get good mechanics. The business was then carried on under the name of John Meinke & Co. until November, 1865, when the entire plant was destroyed by fire on Sunday night, effecting almost a total loss. Then the co-partnership of John Meinke and Charles Weber was dissolved by mutual consent, Charles Weber withdrawing. A temporary building was constructed and by Friday of the same week three forges were going in full blast on the old site. A store 20x80 at 300 Broadway was rented for wood working and storage purposes, and on July 1, 1866, Mr. Meinke purchased the northeast corner, 294-96-98 Broadway and Detroit streets - the old McCormick hotel site - held by the United States government as a retreat for disabled soldiers until the close of the war in 1865. In July, 1866, the old hotel was remodeled and converted into a permanent carriage factory. In 1869 Broadway and Detroit streets were raised four feet and nine inches, throwing the old manufacturing place practically out of service and making it necessary to build a new plant. On Aug. 1, 1871, the old building was removed to a lot on the northwest corner of Detroit and Milwaukee streets and converted into a hotel again, and a new plant was erected on the old site on Broadway. It was a three-story and basement brick building, 40x120. Mr. Meinke then employed twenty-five hands. In the fall of 1872 his father, Frederick Meinke, withdrew to private life on account of old age and lived until Sept. 11, 1881. There were nine children born to John J. D. Meinke and wife and of these six died in infancy from one to six years old and three grew to maturity - Ernest, Lilly and Paul. Ernest and Paul, after graduating from school, started with their father in his business and remained with him until death overtook them. Ernest Meinke died Sept. 11. [894, leaving a wife and two daughters. Paul died Dec. 2j. 1807. leaving a wife and one son, John Meinke, Jr. The father then carried on his business alone until the spring of 1899, when he retired to private life, disposing of his stock on hand as best he could and renting the property, a part of which is still a carriage manufacturing place at 108-110 Detroit street. Mr. Meinke is the owner of the following- real estate: 294-296-298 Broadway; lots 6 and 7, the south 20 feet of lot 5 in block 15, and the north 30 feet by 120 deep of lot 3, block 38, all in Third ward; lots 2 and 3 in block 181, Second ward, all in the city of Milwaukee. Mr. Meinke is a member of the St. John's Lutheran church, also a member of the Milwaukee County Old Settlers' Club and the Milwaukee County West Side Old Settlers' Club, a member of the German Immigrants' Aid Society and a member of the Board of Directors. He resides at 274 Tenth street. ,

Thomas T. Churchill, of Milwaukee, is a member of the law firm of Churchill, Bennett & Churchill, and is a native of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, born April 29, 1872. A brief sketch of his parents and ancestry will be found in connection with the biography of his brother, William H. Churchill, elsewhere in this volume. His early education was obtained in the schools of Paris, Ontario. After having been graduated from the high school of Paris he was employed for a time as secretary of the Milwaukee Cold Storage Company. Deciding to study law, he entered the Milwaukee Law School and wras admitted to practice by the State Board of Bar Examiners in December, 1901. In January following he became associated with the firm of Churchill & Donovan, remaining so connected until January, 1905, when he became a member of the present firm of Churchill, Bennett & Churchill. They follow a general legal practice and are also agents for the American Bonding Company of Baltimore, Md. In politics Mr. Churchill is a Republican, but has not actively interested himself in political movements. He is a member of the County and State Bar associations, the order of Free Masons and the Milwaukee Athletic Club.