Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 5 of 35)

Rudolph C. Gruettner, D. D. S., one of the leading practitioners of dental surgery in Milwaukee, with offices at 420 Eleventh avenue, was born in the Cream City on Jan. 3, 1876. He is one of seven children of Gustave A. and Louisa (Hellberg) Gruettner, all of whom are living. His paternal grandparents were natives of Germany, who came to the United States early in life and spent the remainder of their days in Milwaukee. The maternal gTandparents were also born in the Fatherland and became early residents of Milwaukee, the grandfather having been a distiller, with a place of business on the site of the present West Park. The father was an agriculturist and dairyman, and a devout communicant of the Lutheran church. His death occurred-in 1899, but his widow is still living. Dr. Gruettner received his scholastic training in the public schools of Milwaukee and graduated at the South Division high school. Then he entered Milwaukee Medical College in the department of dental surgery, and in 1900 was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgerv. Since that time he has been in the active and successful practice of his profession. In his political beliefs the doctor is a Republican and does his best to bring about the success of his party at the polls. His church relations are with Bethany Presbyterian church. In fraternal matters he is known as a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias, and is connected with the Wisconsin State Dental Society and the Marquette College Dental Alumni Association, his alma mater since his graduation having become a part of Marquette University. He is also a member of the State History Society. On Nov. 24, 1903, Dr. Gruettner was united in marriage to Miss Alice M. Eaton, of Cudahy, Wis., a daughter of Hon. Barney and Catharine Eaton. To this union have been born two children - Loraine Madelaine and Rudolph Edwin.

Edwin A. Showalter, Ph. G., a leading' pharmacist of Milwaukee, and at the present time president, treasurer and manager of the Union Pharmacy, is a native of Milwaukee, where he was born on Oct. 20, 1875. His parents, Charles B. and Christine (Hertzer) Showalter, were also born in Milwaukee, the father on Jan. 6, 1848, and the mother on Oct. 28, 1854. The paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Charles Showalter, a native German, who came to Milwaukee when but eleven years of age and spent the remainder of his life in this city, conducting one of the* leading boot and shoe stores on West Water street when Milwaukee was but a small village, and was an intimate friend of Solomon Juneau, the first settler of Milwaukee. The maternal grandparents, Ernst and Eva (Bauer) Hertzer, were both natives of Germany. Ernst Hertzer was a prominent figure in Milwaukee's educational and commercial life for a number of years, having been a member of the school commission and the owner of a large planing mill, which was later destroyed by fire. Charles B. Showalter for more than thirty years was in the wholesale drug business, part of the time with H. Bos- worth & Son and later with the Charles Baumbach Company, and is at present representing' one of the largest manufactories of its kind in the I 'nited States as city and state agent ; he also retains his interest in the welfare of the city. His three children are all living. Edwin A. Showalter received his preliminary educational training in the parochial and high schools of Milwaukee and then entered the University of Wisconsin. He devoted his time principally to the study of pharmacy, but specialized in bacteriology, botany and the languages. In June, 1900, he was graduated with the degree of graduate pharmacist. His career as a druggist began when he was seventeen years of age with the C. H. Krause Company, and since that time he has been variously connected with many of the leading drug firms of the city, among them the Widule Company and John A. Dadd & Son. In 1903 he became a stockholder in and vice-president and manager of the Union Pharmacy, of which he is now the president, treasurer and manager. His enterprise and thrift have been a potent influence in the building up of the concern. In politics he is affiliated with none of the present day political parties, but prefers to cast his vote as his conscience and judgment dictate. When a student at the University of Wisconsin he became affiliated with the Phi Chi fraternity. He is an influential member of the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association and the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association. Mr. Showalter was united in marriage Nov. 17, 1908, to Miss Helen Kloka, daughter of Caroline Kloka, of this city.

Albert J. Young, proprietor and founder of the A. J. Young Medicine Company, was born in Manitowoc, Wis., on Sept. 1, 1857. He is a son of Ferdinand and Theresa (Lemke) Young, the former of whom was born in Germany on Nov. 23, 1830, and the latter in the same country on Oct. 6, 1830. The parents came to Manitowoc in 1855 and the father worked at his trade of baker until the beginning of hostilities in the Civil war. Then he enlisted in Company B of the Ninth Wisconsin infantry, and as a corporal served three years and as many months before he received an honorable discharge. In politics the father was a stanch Democrat, but never held public office. Both he and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. The father died in 1898, but the mother is still living, now a respected resident of Phoenix, Ariz. Albert J. Young, the subject of this memoir, took advantage of the educational opportunities offered in the common schools of Manitowoc and rounded out his scholastic training by a course in the Spencerian Business College. Upon the completion of his studies he entered the employ of the Sabine Medicine Company in the capacity of salesman and remained with them for a period of twenty-nine years, from 1873 to 1902. In the latter year he engaged in the business of manufacturing proprietary medicines under the firm name of the A. J. Young Medicine Company and has since been most successfully conducting that business. In politics he upholds the principles of the Republican party, but has never aspired to public office. His religious affiliations are with the First German Methodist

Episcopal church. On June 26, 1881, Mr. Young was united in marriage to Miss Tillie Coerped, born in Milwaukee on Dec. 13, i86or and a daughter of Michael and Amelia (Genrich) Coerped. Both Mrs. Young's parents were born in Germany, and the father came to Milwaukee in 1852 and the mother three years later. The father belonged to the volunteer fire department of the early days, and for many years afterward to the regular fire department of the city. He died in 1879, but his widow is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Young have been born four children. Erma, the eldest, is the wife of Charles Bauch, and the mother of one child, Mildred ; Raymond, whose wife was Mamie Oelhafen, is associated in business with his father ; Edna died at the age of two years, and Eugenia died in infancy. Mr. Young is one of the prominent Masons of Milwaukee county, being a member of LaFayette Lodge, No. 265, Free and Accepted Masons ; Calumet Chapter, No. 73, Royal Arch Masons, and Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 24, Knights Templar. For the past twenty-six years also he has been a member of Aurora Lodge, No. 145, Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

Aloysius G. Brennan, the popular secretary, treasurer and manager of the Brennan Company, was born in Erie., Pa., on June 20, 1877. A sketch of his parents, James and Olivia (Meyer) Brennan, may be found elsewhere in this volume in the memoir of John S. Brennan. Aloysius G. Brennan was educated in the grammar schools of Franklin, Venango county, Pa., and the high school at Canton. Ohio. In 1893 he came to Milwaukee and entered the employ of Gimbel Brothers. He remained with the Milwaukee branch of the company for some years and then went to Philadelphia with Benjamin Gimbel when the firm started a branch in that place. After two years he removed to New York to enter the service of the James McCreery Silk Company and later returned to Milwaukee to become associated with the Bonesho-Schaidnagle Company, silk merchants, of Milwaukee. In 1905 he entered a partnership under the firm name of the Brown-Brennan Company, incorporated, to deal in dress specialties, silks and laces. Since that time the firm name has been changed to The Brennan Company, the president being Mr. John S. Brennan and the secretary, treasurer and manager Aloysius G. Brennan. Mr. Brennan is an independent in his political relations, preferring to exercise his right of suffrage as his conscience and judgment dictate rather than be bound by any party ties. Fie is a communicant of the Roman Catholic church and a prominent member of the Knights of Columbus. On Nov. 4, 1904, Mr. Brennan was united in marriage to Miss Anna Frances McCabe, of Milwaukee, a daughter of Patrick McCabe. To this union have been born two children - James Patrick and Dorothy Frances.

Dr. Charles Morton Gould, M. D., founder and president of the C. M. Gould Pharmacal Company, was born in Bridgeport, Conn., 011 March 18, 1849. He is the onh^ son of Nathan and Mary A. (Sawyer) Gould, the former of whom was born in Greenfield, I "mi., in Jul}', 1819, and the latter in Cornwall, Conn. The mother died in 185 1 and the father was married a second time, Miss Caro- line Hurd, by whom lie had four children, becoming his wife. The stepmother died in i</)2. Two of the doctor's maternal ancestors, in a direct line, were soldiers in the Continental army in the War of the Revolution and one succumbed to wounds received at liunker Hill. His paternal grandfather fought under General Scott in the War of 1812. Dr. Gould received his primary education at Bennington, Vt., in the academy. His degree of Doctor of Medicine was received from Northwestern University in 1882. To obtain the highest possible skill in his profession he took post-graduate work in the New York Medical School and at San Francisco, at London, and at Vienna, Austria. His first active work in his profession was at River Falls, Wis., where for ten years he was most successfully engaged as a general practitioner. For the same length of time, immediately after leaving River Falls, he practiced at Superior. Wis., and left the northern Wisconsin city to locate in Milwaukee. After a year and a half of practice here he retired to enter his present business of pharmaceutical chemist, in May, 1907. His offices are located at 472 Twelfth street, and he supplies medicines direct to physicians. Although he has been in the business but a comparatively short time, he has been eminently successful, and his standing in his profession and knowledge of the medicinal art will undoubtedly bring him a larger reward. In his political relations the doctor is an ardent Republican, and as the candidate of that party he served for a time as health commissioner of Superior. His religious affiliations are with Plymouth Congregational church. Fraternally he is also prominent, being a member of Damascus Lodge, No. 290, Free and Accepted Masons ; Superior Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Professionally he is identified with the Wisconsin State Medical Society, the Milwaukee County Medical Society and the Milwaukee Medical Society. On Nov. 12, 1892, Dr. Gould was united in marriage to Mrs. Ida Andrews, nee Powell, a native of Madrid, N. Y. She is a daughter of Lyman and Lucinda (Taylor) Powell, the latter of whom is a sister of Hon. Horace Taylor. The parents came to River Falls in the early fifties, where the father died some years ago. His widow is still living, a respected resident of River Falls. Mrs. Gould had one son - Dean W. Andrews - by her first husband, who died in August, 1903.

Samuel A. Schwandt, one of the owners and proprietors of the Puritan Pharmacv, was born in Morriston, Ontario, Canada, on March 29, 1877. His father was Rev. William Schwandt, born in Germany on Sept. 14, 1834, and his mother was Bernardine (Moss) Schwandt, born in Canada on Feb. 1, 1844. The father was a minister of the gospel of the Methodist church, who received his early education in Berlin, Germany, and came to Canada while still a young man. Among his charges were St. Catherine's, Seaforth, Mildmay, Stratford and Williamsford, and he died at the latter place on April 18, i<)o8. Of his twelve children three sons and four daughters are still living. Both paternal grandparents died in German}-. The maternal grandfather. Carl Moss, was also born in Ger- many and came to Ottawa, Canada, at an early age. In 1893 he came to Milwaukee, where he died in 1897, at the age of eighty-four years. His wife died ten years before in Canada in her eightyfourth vear. Samuel A. Schwandt received his educational advantages in the public schools of Williamsford, Canada, and the high school at Owen Sound. In 1896 he came to Milwaukee and studied the course in pharmacy at the Milwaukee Medical College, now Marquette College. For over twelve years he was in the employ of Max J. Goetz, a prominent Milwaukee druggist. On July 3, 1908, he formed a partnership with Robert W. Hindley in the drug business, establishing the Puritan Pharmacy at 198 Biddle street. Although the firm has been in existence but a short time, its success so far augurs well for the future. In his political belief Mr. Schwandt is a stanch Republican. In religious matters he is associated with the Congregational church. Fraternally he is identified with Damascus Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons.

Charles William Hall, D. D. S., has been engaged in the practice of dentistry at Milwaukee during the past ten years, and in his profession he has met with very gratifying success, besides attaining a high standing as a representative citizen. He is a native of the Badger State, having been born in Columbia county, Wis., Oct. 1, 1866, and he is the son of George and Sarah (Russell) Hall, both of whom were born in Kent, England. The father migrated from his native land to Canada in early manhood, and after residing in the Dominion for a number of years came to the States and located at Sussex, in Waukesha county, Wis. Later he removed to Columbia county and there spent the remainder of his life, dying in 1907, at the age of eighty-one years. His life was devoted to agricultural pursuits and after his removal to Wisconsin he engaged extensively in the culture of hops, but he retired from active participation in affairs about fifteen years before his death. He was active in political matters and gave an unswerving allegiance to the principles of the Democratic party. He was twice married, his first wife being Elizabeth Russell, a cousin of the mother of the subject of this review, and to this union there were born four children, of whom three are now living. To the second marriage there were born five children, four of whom are living, and the mother now resides at Rio, Columbia county, Wis., where she is an active member of the Episcopal church, the religious affiliation of her husband having been with the same denomination. Dr. Charles W. Hall, to whom this review is more particularly dedicated, was educated in the public schools of Columbia county, Wis., completing a course in the graded schools at Rio, and he graduated in the dental department of the University of Michigan on June 30, 1892. Soon after his graduation he located at La Salle. 111., for the practice of his profession, but later removed to Rio. Columbia county, Wis. He remained in that place until 1898, when he changed his location to Milwaukee. Since coming to the Cream City he has met with a high order of success, his patronage being gained from among the representative citizens of the place, and his office, which is located at No. 326 Grand Avenue, is one of the popular dental establishments of the city. He keeps in touch with his professional confreres by membership in the Wisconsin State Dental Society and the Milwaukee Odontological Society, and fraternally he is a member of the Masonic Order. He takes an intelligent interest in public affairs, but maintains an independent attitude politically, giving his support to the men and measures that meet his conscientious approval. Dr. Hall is married to Miss Emma Louise Dunkley, daughter of C. W. Dunkley, of Chicago, and they reside in a beautiful home at No. 156 Biddle Street, in Milwaukee.

Louis G. J. Mack, one of the prominent pharmacists of the Cream City, was born at Proviso, Cook county. 111., on May 3, 1878. He is a son of August F. and Sophia (Morman) Mack, the former of whom was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on March 12, 1854, and the latter in Beardstown, 111., on Jan. 6, 1856. The father is a graduate of an Illinois university and is now engaged in pedagogic work in this city. The mother died on Aug. 7, 1904. Both the grandfathers were soldiers in the American army during the War of 1812. Both parents were ardent members of the Lutheran church and they sent their son Louis, who was one of the twelve children, six sons and as many daughters, born to them, to the Lutheran parochial school at St. Charles, Mo. With the parents Mr. Mack same to Milwaukee in 1893 and took a course of study in the Rheude Business College here. When he had completed that course he entered the employ of Henry Roemheld, the druggist, and subsequently was with Teich & Freischmidt. During this time he applied himself to the study of his chosen profession and most successfully took the examination submitted by the state board of pharmacy for applicants for the pharmacy degree. On July 6, 1898, he engaged in the drug business'at his present location at 960 Kinnickinnic avenue, where he has since been very successful. That his standing among his fellow pharmacists is high is best evidenced by the fact that he has served a term as president of the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association, and is now serving his second term as vice-president and is also a member of the executive committee. His other professional associations include memberships in the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Retail Druggists and the American Druggists' Syndicate. In politics he is a stanch Republican and in religious matters is allied with the English Lutheran church. On June 11, 1901, Mr. Mack was united in marriage to Miss Viola Grundmann. of Milwaukee, a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Bulger) Grundmann. To this union was born one child, Louis, now deceased.

Albert W. Schaper, Ph. G., who has won a high rank among the members of the pharmaceutical profession in Milwaukee, was born in the Cream City on July 27, 1883. FTe is a son of August C. and Minnie (Roche) Schaper, both of whom were born in the Fatherland, the former on Nov. to, T830. and the latter on July -22, 184.=;. Both parents came direct to Milwaukee from Germany in 1866, and were married here a year later. Both are still living, and the father earns his livelihood in the carpenter's trade. FTe and his wife are Lutherans in their religious belief and the father ever since he became a citizen has voted the Republican ticket. Albert W. Schaper, the subject of this review, received his primary educational advantages . in the public schools of Milwaukee, and when he had completed his training there he entered the employ of his brother, Adolph A. Schaper, who was then conducting the store which Mr. Schaper now occupies at 830 Walnut street. During his service with his brother he took preparatory studies in the pharmacy department of the Milwaukee Medical School and then successfully took the examination given by the state board of pharmacy to enable him to practice his profession. About four years ago he purchased his brother's interest in the concern and on Jan. 1, 1905, assumed full management of the store. Business has increased greatly under his careful guidance and direction, and his store is known throughout the city as one where fair dealing can always be had. In politics Mr. Schaper is a Republican, and although he has always been a stanch adherent of the principles of the party, he has never sought to become one of its candidates. In a professional way he is identified with the American Druggists' Syndicate. Mr. Schaper is not married.

Alvin E. Peters, a member of the firm of Peters & Beeck, one of the largest drug companies in Milwaukee, was born in the Cream City on April 28, 1886, a son of Ernest and Mary (Misegades) Peters, the latter of whom was born in Watertown, Wis. The maternal grandfather, Frederick Misegades, was born in Germany in 1827, and came to Watertown in an early day, where he is still living at the hale old age of eighty-one years. His wife, Christine Misegades, died some years ago. The father, Ernest Peters, was an engineer by vocation and died on April 27, 1886. Alvin E. Peters, the subject of this review, started his primary educational training in the Watertown public schools and completed it in the Milwaukee public and high schools. He then matriculated in the department of pharmacy of the Milwaukee Medical College, and the faculty of that institution gave him the degree of graduate in pharmacy in 1903. For the first six months after his graduation he was engaged in a professional way in Racine, AYis., and then for nine months was in the employ of Dr. T. P. O. Romheld. Early in 1905 he formed a partnership with Ottmar Beeck, and on March 21 of that year they opened the establishment which they are now so successfully conducting under the firm name of Peters & Beeck. Although the firm is of comparatively recent origin it is doing a large and prosperous business, contributed to in large measure by Mr. Peters' thorough knowledge of the profession, his inherent business capacity and his sterling integrity. Politically Mr. Peters is allied with the Republican party, but the pressure of business affairs has never allowed him to become a candidate for public office of any nature In his religious belief he is a devout member of the Lutheran faith and at the present time is the incumbent of the office of deacon of that church. Professionally he is affiliated with the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Associa- tion and the National Association of Retail Druggists. Fraternally and socially he is prominently identified with the [ndependence Lodge, No. 80, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Milwaukee Canoe Club. Mr. Peters is not married.

Joseph G. Otten, Ph. G., the genial manager of the State Street Pharmacy, was born in Milwaukee on Oct. 4. 1878. He is a son of John G. Otten, who was born in Germany in 1842, and Mary A. ( Frattinger) Otten, horn in Ohio, in [840. The father came to Milwaukee in 1857 and followed his vocation as a baker during his whole career in this city. He was a member of the old Stadt Theater Company, now the Pabst Theater, and he and his wife were communicants of St. Joseph's Catholic church. The father died in i8<K>. The mother, who, with three of the four children born to the parents, survives, came to the Cream City with her parents when she was but five years of age. Her grandfather was a wellknown cooper in the early days of Ohio. Joseph G. Otten, the subject of this review, received his primary education in the parochial schools and later completed a course at the McDonald Business College. His instruction in pharmacy was received under the preceptorship of Henry F. W. Roemheld and Dr. Albert E. Mieding at 1701 State street. Later he passed with high honor the examination tendered by the state board of pharmacy, and for two years was in charge of the hospital dispensary at the National Soldiers' Home under Dr. Alvin Clarke. In 1907 the State Street Pharmacy was incorporated and Mr. Otten was selected as manager, a position he has since filled with high credit to himself and to the judgment of the directors in selecting him for the place. Politically Mr. Otten is a stanch believer in the tenets of the Republican party, but the pressure of business affairs has kept him from seeking public office. In religious matters he is a devout communicant of the Roman Catholic church. He has a host of friends, who predict for him a brilliant future.

Jacob Schowalter, a well-known druggist with a modern store at the corner of Racine and Brady streets, was born in Jackson, Washington county. Wis., on July 29, 1876. He is1 a son of John and Dorothy ( Schaumberg ) Schowalter, both of whom were born in Germany, the former in 1827 and the latter in 1840. The father came to Wisconsin early in the history of the state and engaged in agricultural pursuits near Jackson, Wis. His death occurred in 1881, and beside his widow he left six children. The paternal grandfather died in Jackson, after he had lost his wife in the old country. The maternal grandfather, John Schaumberg, w-as one of the pioneer residents of Waukesha county. Jacob Schowalter, the subject of this review, received his scholastic advantages in the public schools of Jackson and the high school of Hartford. Wis. In 1893 he entered his business career with C. II. Krause, of Milwaukee, and for a period of thirty-one months served in the same capacity. The following four and a half years he was associated with H. L. Schultz, the druggist, and only left him at the end of that time to accept a more lucrative position with the Edward

Kettler Drug Company. In 1905, at the end of three years' service with Mr. Kettler, and after he had successfully passed the state pharmacy examination, he purchased a business at 851 Racine street, corner of Brady street. His excellent training in pharmacy and his inherent qualities of thrift and industry made the venture a success from the start, and today he has a large and flourishing patronage. In politics he is allied with the Republican party, but he has always felt that the pressure of business affairs was too great to allow him to seek public office. Professionally he is identified with the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations, and the National Association of Retail Druggists. His fraternal relations are with Lafayette Lodge, No. 265, Free and Accepted Masons, and with Lake Lodge, Knights of Pythias. On June 25, 1907, Mr. Schowalter was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Minetta Rasche, of Milwaukee, a daughter of Francis and Carolina (Knoepel) Rasche. Mr. Rasche is deceased, but his widow is a respected resident of Milwaukee. Mr. and Mrs. Schowalter have no children.

Edmund Sheldon Thatcher, Ph. G., who conducts a modern drug-store at 334 Ogden avenue, was born in Oxford, England, on Oct. 13, 1880. He is a son of James and Mary (Sheldon) Thatcher, the former of whom was born in England in 1850 and the latter in 1848. The parents came to Milwaukee in 1885 and the father engaged in library work. Both parents are communicants of the Church of England. Of the five children born to them three survive. Edmund S. Thatcher attended the Milwaukee public schools and finished his scholastic training at the Milwaukee Academy. He started his business career as a clerk for the Edward Kettler Drug Company, and served with them for five years, from 1893 to 1898. The following five/ years he was employed in a like capacity with H. H. Hackendahl, and during his term of service there passed successfully the examination given by the state board of pharmacy. In 1903 he embarked in the drug business at his present location. His knowledge of the business, and his inherent traits of integrity and thrift made the venture a paying success from the start, and his patronage has increased from year to year until now he does a flourishing business. Professionally Mr. Thatcher is prominently identified with the Milwaukee and the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations and the National Association of Retail Druggists. Fraternally he is associated with the Milwaukee Rowing Club and the Tectel Club. In politics he allies himself with the Republican party, but the pressure of business has been such as to allow him no time to seek public office. Mr. Thatcher is well known as a singer of ability, and is a member of the choirs of the East Side Jewish Tabernacle and the Emanuel Presbyterian church.

Daniel Edmund Murphy, deceased, was for nearly a third of a century prominently identified with the life insurance movement throughout the United States, and at the time of his death was general agent of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, controlling the whole of Wisconsin and Northern Michigan. Mr. Murphy was born at Mitchelstown, a town of Ireland twenty-five miles northeast of Cork, on June 16, 1843, ancl ne was the son of Daniel and Margaret (Hayes) Murphy, both of whom were also natives of the same place in the Emerald Isle. The father was a properous farmer and road contractor in his native land, and was able to give his children, of whom there were eleven, the educational advantages of the average South Ireland farmer. The first fourteen years of the son's life were spent at home, his education being secured at the public schools of Mitchelstown. Finally the lure of America attracted him, and in 1859 he left his home for this country. He landed at New York a lad of sixten years, with less than twenty dollars in his pocket. But conditions never daunted the young Irishman. He went to Kensington, Conn., where he sought employment in a local factory at a wage of fourteen dollars a month. The outbreak of the Civil war closed the concern, and he then made his way to Hartford, Conn. Conditions were not prosperous, and he realized the necessity of a trade or profession. Not having the funds necessary to secure the latter, he apprenticed himself to A. B. West, a well-known carpenter contractor of the city, and when his term was completed he branched out for himself, working at the trade until 1868. In that year he went to Bridgeport, Conn., where he opened a book and stationery store. The venture prospered, and in a few months he added the real estate and life insurance business, spending his leisure time as an auctioneer. He became an agent for the Globe Life Insurance Company of New York, and afterward entered the employment of the Phoenix of Hartford, and in five years his books showed a total of $10,000. Meantime he moved into larger quarters, and an immigration agency and exchange office were added to the ventures, both of which proved successful beyond expectations. Two months before the momentous panic of 1873 he purchased a large tract of land, platted it, and planned to sell it at auction the following September ; but on Sept. 12, the panic came and his meager fortune of $10,000 invested in Bridgeport land, vanished in thin air. For several years afterward he maintained his book store, but times were hard and business dull, and he determined to seek his fortune anew in the West. In 1877 ne removed to Chicago, and from that place wrote to Matthew Keenan, vice-president of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company at Milwaukee, soliciting an agency. After consultation with the officers of the organization, Mr. Keenan ordered him to come to Milwaukee, where he commenced his labors as a special agent at a small salary. Soon afterward he resigned his position and went to Madison, only to return after a brief period and re-enter the ranks of the company on a commission basis. Gradually he advanced himself until he was accounted one of the most successful life insurance men of the country. In due time he was appointed general agent, and after assuming that position he placed on the books of his company at least one-tenth of its entire new business. During' the last few years of his life he transacted two-thirds as much business on his agency books as the company had in force in the United States when he entered its employ. At the time of his death, which deplorable event occurred after an illness of several weeks on May 6, 1906, as general agent he had control of the whole of Wisconsin and Northern Michigan. Mr. Murphy was a Republican in his political affiliations, having joined the ranks of that party in 1861, and for many years he was an active leader in Sixteenth ward politics, though he steadfastly refused to accept public office or emolument for himself. On many occasions he was a delegate to various conventions, but further than that he refused to engage in public affairs. His religious faith was expressed by membership in St. Rose's Catholic church, while socially he was a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Milwaukee Club, the Recreation Club, and the Blue Mound Country Club ; and he also was an esteemed member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Murphy was married on June 16, 1875, to Miss Rosalie G. Maher, daughter of John and Mary (Nalley) Maher, of New Haven, Conn., and he is survived by his widow and six children : Daniel H., who resides at New Castle, Pa. ; AYilliam K., who has a position with the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and resides at home ; Rosalie G., at home ; Margaret Catherine is a student at the Sacred Heart Academy, and Grace Elizabeth is a student at Lake Forest. The parents of Mrs. Murphy were natives of Ireland, the father being born on Sept. 29, 1818, and the mother on Aug. 1, 1822. The father came to the Lmited States in 1830, locating in New York city, where he learned the trade of a mason. Later he removed to New Haven, Conn., where he entered the contracting business, and he erected the depot for the New York & New Haven Railroad Company at that place. He retired about ten years before his death and removed to Chicago, 111., where he passed away on Jan. 14, 1899, the death of the mother having occurred on April 29, 1880. He served for some time as a member of the common council of New Haven, and also as selectman, being elected to these positions on the Democratic ticket. He was a member at one time of the Connecticut State militia, and he was an attendant at the Catholic church.

William J. Denny, deceased, was a valiant soldier among the AYisconsin troops in the Civil war, and for nearly half a century he was a respected citizen of the city of Milwaukee. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1841, and removed to Milwaukee with his parents when onlv eleven vears old and there he continued to reside until the day of his death. He attended the common schools of the city for a limited time, and as a youth in his teens became a member 1 >i" a vi dunteer fire company. He was a son of a strong Abolitionist, and when John Brown was hanged and the news reached Milwaukee young Denny raised a flag over the engine house. The feeling in the city was bitter, as at that time there was a strong diversity of opinion on the slavery question, and the incident stands out as an evidence of his conrage of conviction at that early age.

Iikkiuai'Iikai

At the outbreak of the war in [86l he enlisted in Company A, First Wisconsin infantry, which was organized for the three months' service and left the state on June 9. It led the advance on Martinsburg, participated in the battle of Falling Waters, and was mustered out of the service on Aug. 22. Mr. Denny was the first to enlist in Milwaukee for the three-months' service, and Mrs. Denny has a badge which proves the statement, he having enlisted between the hours of ten and eleven, on .April 15, 1861. After his return home Mr. Denny enlisted in the Seventh Battery, Wisconsin light artillery, known as the "Badger State Flying Artillery," which was organized at Milwaukee during the summer and fall of the same year. It was mustered in on Oct. 4 and left the state on March 15, 1862, reporting- at St. Louis, from whence it was sent to New Madrid and placed in charge of batteries of heavy siege guns during the siege of Island No. 10. It was engaged in garrison duty on that island after the surrender, and in June left for Union City and Trenton. Tenn., for railroad guard duty, moving in July to Humboldt, where it remained until December. It took part in the engagement at Parker's Crossroads, and was then stationed at Jackson until June 1, 1863, when it moved to Corinth and thence to Memphis, where it was attached to the Fourth brigade, Fifth division, Sixteenth army corps, for permanent garrison duty. Mr. Denny was reported for conspicuous gallantry, but in 1864 he was taken ill and was discharged from service. He then enlisted in the navy, being told that sea life would be beneficial to his health, and served in the North Atlantic squadron until after the close of the war. He then returned home and for several years was senior member of the firm of Denny & Gallagher, proprietors of the Cream City Carriage works. He was appointed mail carrier for the Seventh ward of the city on Feb. 1, 1877, under the late Henry C. Payne, and served in that capacity until June 1, 1898, when he was appointed superintendent of city delivery by Postmaster E. R. Stillman. During his term of service he took an active interest in the welfare of the carriers and was one of the charter members of the Milwaukee branch of the Mail Carriers' Association, which had its inception in that city during an encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. He was president of the Milwaukee branch one year. As superintendent of the city delivery he was a good organizer and an efficient master. While in the service of his country he came home on furlough and was married on Dec. 24, 1862, to Miss Marv A. Andrews, who survives him, as does also one daughter, Mrs. A. E. Knowlton. Captain Denny was a member of E. B. Wolcott Post, G. A. R., and was its commander during the year 1906, his death occurring Feb. 25, 1907, a short time after retiring from that office. It seems fitting to close this brief account of the life of Captain Denny with the tribute of a friend. Col. J- A. Watrous. who knew him intimately and esteemed him for his many virtues: "It is a brave thing for a regiment or a brigade to charge a battery supported by equalh' brave men, but there are more powerful te^ts of a man's bravery. It is a braver thing for a sick, weak man to enter upon a charge of an open grave, a charge that means his burial. Such instances are common. A striking instance has attracted the attention of Milwaukee the last year. A year and a half ago Capt. William J. Denny knew that a cancer was eating away his life ; knew it as well as the surgeon who treated him ; but it made no difference with his faultless administration of the important trust confided to him ; it made no difference in his kindly greetings to family, friends and associates. Yet he steadily marched toward that open grave, smiling upon friends, doing kindly acts, performing arduous duties. The day came, when, in response to repeated urging on the part of family and friends, there was an operation. An eye was removed. A few weeks later he returned to his official duties, doing them as well as ever; the same genial, pleasant gentleman, interested in the welfare of all about him. But he marched steadily toward the grave. He knew it was his grave ; that he was rapidly approaching it. Another operation must be performed. The weak body, growing weaker and lighter, stood the shock of flesh removed and bones scraped, and before the ghastly wounds had healed, when the wrappings were still about his neck and face, he returned to his duties, performing them as intelligently, industriously and conscientiously as ever. His step grew slower and slower, not from lack of courage, but from loss of strength. He afraid of that open grave, he had seen it for months. One afternoon, three months ago, at the end of a day of hard work, he unsteadily walked to his home and said, T must rest.' The next morning he said, 'I must remain in bed and rest,' and during the balance of his life he remained at home, most of the time in bed, a great sufferer, but ever mindful of the interests of his friends, some of whom called daily and left words of cheer and expressions of love ; but words of love and cheer, flowers, prayers and the watchful care of dear ones could not turn his steps from the onward march to the open grave. No man ever marched more certainly to death, or more bravely than gallant, brave, genial, generous little Capt. Bill Denny."

Edward S. Loge, M. D., is one of the younger members of the medical fraternity in Milwaukee, but in the short time that has elapsed since he opened his office he has built up a representative practice and has been successful to a very high degree. He was born in Tonawanda, Erie county, New York, on Dec. 13, 1882, son of August F. and Caroline (Hasenbank) Loge. His father and mother were both born in Germany, the former being of French descent. They came to this country with their parents when children. The father came in 1844, and the mother in 1847, and settled in I'>ergholtz, a small village in Niagara county, New York, where their parents lived the remainder of their lives. Upon growing 1" manhood the father adopted teaching as a profession, which he has followed throughout his career of more than forty years, bein'.r now engaged in the schools of North Tonawanda, N. Y., where he has taught for thirty-two years. His wife died in 1885, and of the eight children horn to this couple all arc living. Although Dr. Loge is of German-French parentage, he is a typical American. I [e received his early education in the parochial, public and high schools of his native place, after which he devoted his time to the study of pharmacy, serving his apprenticeship in a drug store of his home town, lie then entered the department of pharmacy of the University of Buffalo, and after a thorough course graduated with the class of 1902, receiving the degree of Bachelor in Pharmacy, and was at that time the youngest student 'ever graduated from this institution. He is a registered pharmacist in the states of New York and Wisconsin. After serving a number of years in this profession, he turned his attention to medicine and matriculated at the Marquette University medical department, in Milwaukee. His last year in the study of medicine was spent at the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons, in which he graduated in 1907, also serving as attendant at the Milwaukee Hospital clinics at Wauwatosa, and has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. Dr. Loge is a Republican nominally, but he exercises considerable independence in forming his political opinion, and his religious affiliations are with the Lutheran church. He is a member of the Alumni associations of the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Buffalo College of Pharmacy, also a member of the Milwaukee County Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the American Medical Association.

Ludvig Wrangell, eminent violinist, was born in Kristiania, Norway. His father first taught him on the violin, but the task of satisfying the musical ambition of the child soon proved a rather difficult one, and he was therefore early taken in charge by Concert- Master Gudbrand Bohn, one of the most gifted and highly schooled of the violinists of Scandinavia, and through whose noble and learned guidance his musical talents were stimulated and masterly led. Besides the violin, the study of piano, theory and ensemble were taken up, and through the aid of the late King of Norway and Sweden instructions were given him at the P. Lindemann Conservatory of Music. The teachers in theory were the famous Ludvig Lindemann and Iver Holter, the last named being also his teacher in ensemble. Piano instructions were received from Mr. Vaaler. a prominent pupil of Leschitizky. Lie went to Germany and continued his studies in violin under Carl Bargheer. the beloved pupil of Spohr and Joachim. He appeared as soloist in the principal cities of Germany and Norway. During his latest stay in that country he won the admiration of pupils and professionals to such an extent as to be termed the greatest violin teacher of Scandinavia. Among the advanced pupils received were those having studied under such masters as Prof. Exner Halir, Wirth, Sauret and Joachim. His general playing is marked by great individuality, broad, warm tone, expressive and melodious, with a prominent northern color. His tone and touch are of exquisite beauty, and all agree upon the dignity and nobility of his style. lie has written an original method of violin playing and other works ready for publication. He is a valued member of the Artists' Loft in Milwaukee, his present location, and in 1908 heads the violin department of the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music.

Fred W. Kemp, Ph. G., a leading druggist and one of the substantial men of the city, was born in Milwaukee on Nov. 3, 1874. His parents, August and Bertha (Polzin) Kemp, were both born in Germany. The father came to Milwaukee when a youth and lived here the balance of his life, his demise occurring in 1875. His widow is now a respected resident of Winona, Minn. Fred W. Kemp received his educational advantages in the public schools and the Northwestern University at Watertown, Wis. He began his apprenticeship as a pharmacist with H. G. Ruenzel and for ten years served in a clerical capacity with Mr. Ruenzel. Having accumulated some funds, in 1898, he embarked in the business on his own account at 425 Lisbon avenue and has since conducted a most flourishing business at that place. His thorough knowledge of the profession and his genial manner and sterling integrity at once made him a host of friends, whose confidence in his ability assured him of his ultimate success. Professionally he is identified with the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations and the National Association of Retail Druggists, and fraternally he is prominent in the Fairchild Council, Royal Arcanum, and the Millioki Club. In politics he is allied with the Republican party, but has never sought public office. The Lutheran church has a devout and loyal member in Mr. Kemp. On June 8, 1907, occurred his marriage to Miss Mattie Sarnow, of Milwaukee, a daughter of Christian and Ursala (Laur) Sarnow. Christian Sarnow, who was a carpenter by vocation, came to Milwaukee in 1852. During the war of the Rebellion he served as second lieutenant in Company H, First Wisconsin infantry, and afterward in Company A of the Twenty-sixth regiment, and in the two regiments served throughout the entire war. On his return to Milwaukee he became a gauger and acted in that capacity until his death, which occurred on Jan. 24, 1906. He was very popular with his neighbors and was an influential citizen in his ward. In 1877 an<^ ^79 he served as the representative of his district in the lower house of the legislature. To Mr. and Mrs. Kemp has been born a daughter, Bessie. Ernst M. Krembs, Ph. G., a registered pharmacist and a popular druggist of Milwaukee, was born in Fond du Lac, Wis., on Aug. 18, 1872. He is one of the six surviving members of a family of seven children born to Ernst and Bertha (Blankenhorn) Krembs, the former of whom was born in German}- on Jan. 25, 1848, and the latter in Cedarburg, Wis., on Dec. 24, 1849. The father came to the United States in 1852 with his parents, Anton Ferdinand Krembs, M. D., and Louisa (Grimm) Krembs, who was a direct descendant of the author of Grimm's Fairy Tales. Dr. Krembs passed away at Wausau, Wis., and his widow died in the same place. The maternal grandparents of the subject of this review, Charles Blankenhorn and wife, came to Cedarburg in the early days of that settlement and there the wife died. Mr. Blankenhorn passed away while a resident of Fond du Lac. The father, Ernst Krembs and Dr. Xicholas Senn worked together in the pharmacy of his brother, Moritz Krembs, for ten years, and in 1872 came to Milwaukee and secured employment with the P. L. Dohmen Drug Company at 508 First avenue. A few years later he had accumulated sufficient funds to purchase the business of the firm, and he continued in the active management of it until his death, which occurred on Feb. 9, 1907. He was a much respected citizen of his ward and an influential member of the Republican party. Both he and his wife were communicants of the Roman Catholic church. His widow is now a respected resident of the Cream City. Ernst M. Krembs, the subject of this sketch received his scholastic training- in the Milwaukee public schools. His professional education he acquired under the tutelage of his father, and successfully passed the examination submitted by the state board of pharmacy, which accorded him the degree of registered pharmacist, lie began his business career in 1898 in the drug store at the corner of Eleventh avenue and Washington street. His excellent training in the profession and his inherent traits of honesty and thrift made the business a success from its inception. On June 15, 1908, he disposed of his Eleventh avenue store. On Aug. 1 he purchased the pharmacy at 508 First avenue, which his father had for many years so successfully conducted. Professionally he is identified with the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association, of which he served a term as vice-president, the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association and the American Pharmacists' Association. In a fraternal way he is connected with the Royal League, the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Order of Foresters. On June 9, 1904, Mr. Krembs was united in marriage to Miss Katherine Keating, of Milwaukee, a daughter of Frank and Bridget Keating, pioneers of the Cream City. Mrs. Keating is deceased, but her husband is still living, a resident of this city. To Mr. and Mrs. Krembs have been born two children: Neal, who died in infancy, and Ernst, born Feb. 22, 1907. Both Mr. Krembs and his wife are communicants of the Roman Catholic church.

Edward A. Hempe, Ph. G., who for more than thirteen years has been one of the prominent druggists in Milwaukee, was born in the Cream City on Oct. 19, 1872. He is a son of William and Elizabeth (Reidel) Hempe, both of whom were born in Germany and came to the L nited States and Milwaukee with their parents. The father was a cooper by vocation and earned a livelihood by working at his trade for many years. Subsequently he had charge of the packing house of William LI. Little. All five of the children born to the parents are living. Edward A. Hempe received his educational advantages in the parochial schools of the city and then entered the department of pharmacy, but before he had completed his course he successfully passed the examination submitted by the state board to applicants for the privilege of practicing. This was in [892, and in that year he entered the employ C. Annecke at the corner of Reed street and National avenue.

Subsequently he was associated with J. W. S. Tomkiewicz, and later was in charge of the dispensary at the National Soldiers^ Home, under the direction of Dr. Leighton. In 1895 he determined to enter the business under his own name, and accordingly opened the store at 374 Mitchell street. His success was assured from the start because of his personal popularity, his thorough knowledge of the details of the profession and his absolute integrity. He is absolutely independent of any affiliations with political parties, believing that the best government is obtained by the conscientious and judicious exercise of the right of suffrage rather than by the dictation of party leaders. Professionally he is a prominent member of the Milwaukee and Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical associations and the National Association of Retail Druggists, and in a fraternal way is allied with Walker Lodge, No. 123, Knights of Pythias. In 1896 Mr. Hempe was united in marriage to Miss Laura Flintrop, a native of Milwaukee, and a daughter of John and Alvina (Barfknecht) Flintrop, pioneers of the Cream City. Two children have been born to this union, Enid Alvina and Marcella Amanda.

Homer H. Fowle, D. D. S., one of the able and representative dentists of Milwaukee, who is engaged in the active practice of his profession in the bank building at the corner of Kinnickinnic and Lincoln avenues, is a native of, Milwaukee county, born at South Milwaukee on April 23, 1883, being the son of Horace N. and Ellen (Thompson) Fowle, who were born and reared in the same county. The maternal, grandparents of our subject were John and Sarah (Dibley) Fowle, natives of Wadherst, Sussex county, England, who immigrated to the United States and landed in Milwaukee on June 5, 1835. Before the year closed John Fowle and his, sons took up, six hundred acres of government land in Oak Creek township, the first land that was cleared in that localitv. ,A largfe and for that period commodious log cabin was immediately constructed close to the edge of the bluff along Oak Creek, where Mr. Fowle kept a tavern and station, the only stop between Milwaukee and Racine where travelers could find accommodation for themselves and their horses. After a few years John Fowle built a saw and grist mill, which is said to have been the first grist mill in the county, and he gave up the tavern. Both the tavern and bluff have now disappeared, owing to the constant wearing of the earth by Lake Michigan. Horace N., the youngest of his father's children,, and the only one born in America, first saw the light of day on Feb. 26, T837. in the old log cabin on the lake shore. He was the second white child born, in Oak Creek township and received his early education in the public schools of the district. He helped his father at the mills and also assisted about the farm, but finallv became associated with Horace Wells in the manufacture of brick,. and continued in this occupation until about sixteen years ago, when lie retired from business to enjoy the sunset years of life. During his business life Mr. Fowle was particularly well located for the manufacture of building brick. Clay and fuel as well as means of transportation were all within cas\ reach and he carried on a thriving business along the shore of Lake Michigan and in Milwaukee and the adjacent settlements and towns. Mr. Fowle is a self-made man and the prosperity and affluence which he now enjoys are due entirely to his own initiative. For main years he has lived a quiet retired life on his line farm in Lake township. On Jan. 20. 1859, Mr. Fowle married Ellen F. Thompson, the daughter of Jared and Minerva Thompson. She was horn in the town of Lake. Milwaukee county, Jan. 25, 1841, and bore nine children, of whom Llomer H. is the youngest. Lie received his elementary education in the graded schools of South Milwaukee and then finished a course in the South Milwaukee high school with great credit. Subsequently he entered the dental department of the Milwaukee Medical School, at which he was graduated with a wellearned degree of D. D. S., in 1904. For two years he was established in practice at Wautoma, Wis., but in '1906 came to Milwaukee and established himself at his present location, where he has met wdtb. most gratifying success in his chosen profession. Homer Fowde is a 'Republican in politics and is a member of the Alumni Association of Marquette College, and a Mason, being a member of Rusk Lodge, No. 259, Free and Accepted Masons. On June 21, 1905, occurred the marriage of 'Mr. Fowle and Eugenia, the daughter of E. W. and Delia (Brown) Dousman, of Milwaukee. One child has come to bless this union, Eugenia, born Nov. 26, 1906. Both 'Mr. and Mrs. Fowle are memhers of the Congregational church.

Jean Christian Mueller, Ph. G., who for the past thirteen years has been a prominent figure in pharmacal circles 'in Milwaukee, was born at Blue Mounds, Dane county, Wis., on Feb. 7, 1876. He is a son of Theodore and Louise (Goeging) Mueller, both natives of Germany, the former having been born in Nuremberg on July 10, 1849, and the latter in Prussia on May 12,' 1856. The maternal grandfather, Christian Goeging, was born in Germany and migrated to Mount Horeb, Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1864. Subsequently he entered land under 'the homestead law near Royalton, Minn., where both he and his wife passed away. The paternal grandfather was a railroad engineer in the Fatherland and met his death in a wreck. The father studied in Germany at the Neuendettelsan Seminary, and after coming to America became a student at the Wartburg Seminary at Waverley, la. He then entered the Lutheran ministry and was engaged in preaching until 1880. In that year he embarked in the lumber business with the Obrecht Lumber Co., of Sauk City, Wis., and has been connected with that company ever since, although he and his family now live at Prairie du Sac, Wis. Four children were ' bnrn to the parents, of whom the subject oi this review is the eldest. The others are Theodore, Jr., of West Allis, Wis. ; Frederick, the principal of the Waunakee high school, and Lawrence, who died on Jan. 2, 1907. Mr. Mueller attended the public and high schools of Sauk City and when but fourteen years of age left his home to go to Chicago, where he found employment with William Lenz, a druggist, with whom he remained for a period of two years. During the following three wears he was associated with C. H. Grund, also a Chicago druggist, and at the end of that time he removed to Milwaukee. This was in1 1895, and during the same year he passed the examination submitted by the state board of pharmacy for applicants for the pharmacy degree and became a registered pharmacist. For four years he was in the employ of Herman Lambeck and then engaged in the drug business under his own name at the corner of Twenty-seventh and State streets. This establishment prospered wonderfully during the nine years that Mr. Mueller conducted it, but he desired a larger field, and on Jan. 1, 1908, he disposed of his store and purchased the stock of Anton Weiss at 507 Eleventh avenue. Mr. Weiss had been in business there for a period of twenty years and had established a fine patronage, which Mr. Mueller has increased during the short time in which he has conducted the store. In his political relations Mr. Mueller has always been allied with the Republican party, but has never sought to obtain political office. He was reared in the Lutheran faith, and is today a devout communicant of that church. Professionally he isjdentified with the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association and the National Association of Retail Druggists, and in a fraternal way is associated with the Modern Woodmen of America, the National Union and the Equitable Fraternal Union. He is also a policy holder in the Bankers' Life Insurance Company, of Des Moines, la. On May 20, 1901, Mr. Mueller was united in marriage to Miss Martha Halm, a daughter of Gottlieb and Elizabeth Halm, of Brown Deer, Wis. Mrs. Halm is deceased, but her husband still resides at Brown Deer. Two children came to bless the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Mueller: Harold Lawrence, born in June, 1902 ; and Franklin Joseph, born on Dec. 21, 1905.

Thomas N. Schnetz, M. D., has been engaged in the practice of medicine at Milwaukee during the past five years, but he came to the city with years of experience and a name as a successful physician, so that his fine practice in Milwaukee dates almost from the day that he enrolled himself as a citizen of the place. Dr. Schnetz was born in Chicago, 111., in i860, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Nelson) Schnetz, the former of whom was a native of Germany and the latter was born in Scotland. Joseph Schnetz emigrated from the Fatherland to America in the '30s and located in Chicago, where he resided for about thirty years, and then removed to Racine, Wis. Later he took up his residence in Milwaukee county and he and his good wife lived in well-earned retirement in West Allis, the beautiful suburb of Milwaukee. There Joseph Schnetz died on March 1, 1908. Four children were born to them, of whom two survive - Luther N., who is a practicing physician at Racine, Wis., and Thomas N., who is the immediate subject of this review. The latter received his education in the public and high schools of Racine and at the Racine academy, and after completing the usual courses in such institutions, he began the study of medicine under entered the Rush .Medical College at Chicago, and after a full course in that institution graduated in February, [884. He immediately began the practice of his profession, first locating at Caledonia, Racine county, where he remained until [903, and then removed to the city of Milwaukee. Dr. Schnetz was married in 1886 to Miss Minnie Smith, daughter of John and Maria Smith, early settlers of Racine county, where the father died in 1870 and the mother now resides. To the union of Dr. and Mrs. Schnetz there have been born two children: LeRoy, aged [9; and Percy, aged 13. The Doctor is independent in his political views, not deeming it requisite to good citizenship to worship at the shrine of any particular political party organization. However, he takes an intel- » ligent interest in public affairs and votes according to his enlightened judgment upon all matters. Professionally he is a member of the Racine County and the Wisconsin State Medical associations, and he has membership in the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias.

Adolph F. Hopp, Ph. G., the genial and capable manager of the Meyer Drug Store, one of the most modern and best equipped of its kind in the city, was born in Baraboo, Wis., on Nov. 6, 1863. He is a son of Anton and Apolonia (Beck) Hopp, both of whom were born in Germany, the former on Aug. 2, 1834, and the latter on May 25, 1837. The father came from the Fatherland in 1852 and settled at La Crosse, but later went to Baraboo. where he was connected with the brewery. In 1864 he enlisted as a private in Company K of the Forty-sixth Wisconsin infantry, and succumbed to disease while in service about a year later. His widow passed away on July 23, 1908, leaving two sons, Peter and the subject of this memoir. Adolph F. Hopp received his preparatory educational advantages in the public schools of Sauk City, Wis., and in October, 1879, he began his pharmacal studies with Francis Pressentin at Reedsburg, Wis. In 1881 he came to Milwaukee and a year later successfully passed the examination submitted by the state board of pharmacy, being one of the first to take the examination as prescribed by law. He then matriculated at the National Institute of Pharmacy in Chicago, and in 1886 was graduated at that institution with the degree of graduate in pharmacy. He returned to Milwaukee and worked for various druggists until 1890, when he entered the employ of Louis Meyer, who had been engaged in business since 1851. A sketch of Mr. Meyer appears elsewhere in this volume. After the death of Mr. Meyer, in 1900, Mr. Hopp was made manager of the store and has continued in that capacity, conducting the business along the same lines which made so much for Mr. Meyer's success. The present owner of the store is Edward Meyer, a grandson of Louis Meyer, and a son of the late Dr. William Meyer. Mr. Hopp is a Republican in his political belief, but has never aspired to public office. Professionally and fraternally he is prominently identified with the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association ; Lafayette Lodge, No. 265, Free and Accepted

Masons ; the Modern Woodmen of America and the Royal Arcanum. On Dec. 22, 1886, Mr. Hopp was united in marriage to Miss Louise Behling, of Philadelphia, a daughter of John and Henrietta Behling, both of whom are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hopp have no children.

Max Bartel, Ph. G., has been engaged in the practice of his profession since 1886, has built up a large drug business, and is recognized as one of the leaders of his profession in Milwaukee. He is an American by birth and of German descent, born in the Cream City, Sept. 1, 1864, the son of Ferdinand and Alwina (Pochnow) Bartel, who were born in Germany in 1828 and 1829, respectively, and married there in 1853. A year later they came to America and settled in Milwaukee. The elder Bartel was a mason by trade and a millwright and soon found a position at Sanderson's mill, where he remained for twenty-five years, becoming one of their oldest and most trusted employes. Mr. Bartel was thrifty and far-sighted in business matters and had saved up a sufficient competence during his years of service with the milling company to engage in business for himself, and he carried on a general merchandise store until he retired in 1885, and since then has led a quiet life. He became associated with the Republican party and is interested in all the reform movements for the betterment of the city government and has most liberal religious views. His wife died in 1907 after rearing seven children, three of whom survive her. Max, the subject of this sketch, received his elementary education in the public and high schools of Milwaukee and after finishing the city schools served an apprenticeship as druggist with Louis Lotz. After spending four years in learning the practical side of the drug business he went to Philadelphia to attend the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and graduated with the degree of Ph. G., in 1885. The next year he engaged in the drug business at the corner of Twelfth and Vliet streets, where he has carried on one of the largest and most prosperous drug stores of the west side. Mr. Bartel was united in marriage on May 5, 1896, with Ida, the daughter of Louis and Rosa (Mampel) Meyer, old settlers of Milwaukee. Mr. Meyer lived in Milwaukee until his death in 1900 ; after his death his widow returned to Germany, where she still lives. After eleven years of happy wedded life, Mrs. Bartel passed away in 1007. Politically Mr. Bartel is associated with the Republican party and is one of its loyal supporters ; he is a member of the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association, the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association and the National Association of Retail Druggists.

Otto C. Laabs, one of the leading druggists and popular business men of Milwaukee, is a native of the Cream City, where he was born on Aug. 18, 1871. Albert Laabs, his father, was born in the Fatherland, of German parents, in 1 841, and emigrated to the United States and settled in Milwaukee in 1867. His mother. Bertha (Woller) Laabs, was also a German by birth, born in 1847. She came to America and met and married Albert Laabs in 1867.

To this union twelve children were born, of whom eight sons and one daughter are still living. The father was a carpenter by trade and followed this vocation in Milwaukee, where his children were born and reared. In 1904 he passed "over the great divide," leaving a widow to mourn his loss. Otto was sent to the parochial schools of Milwaukee, and when only fourteen vears of age he obtained a position with W'idule & Conrath, of Milwaukee. He studied pharmacy while in the store and became one of their trusted and confidential men. In 1892 he attended the university at Madison, Wis., to complete his course in pharmacy, and after a year of study returned to Milwaukee, formed a partnership in the drug business with Mr. Kortebein, and the firm became known as Kortebein & Laabs. A year later Mr. Laabs disposed of his business and became associated with Fred Esau for a little over a year, but was induced to give this position up to become city salesman for the Drake Bros, drug house. Mr. Laabs became well known throughout the city, and was one of the most popular and successful salesmen in the business, but he was not satisfied to work for another firm, and in 1898 established himself in the drug business at 1921 Yliet street. A year later he moved the store to 1929 Vliet street, where he has carried on one of the most up-to-date and wellequipped drug houses for the past nine years. Mr. Laabs is also a member of the drug firm of Stafeil & Laabs at 3702 Vliet street. He has been in the drug business for twenty-three years and is one of the oldest and best known men in this line in the Cream City. On Oct. 2, 1897, he was married to Ada Stafeil, the daughter of John Stafeil and Minnie (Wegner) Stafeil, of Watertown, Wis. Mr. Laabs is a stanch adherent of the Republican party and he and his wife are communicants of the Lutheran church. He also belongs to the Milwaukee and State Pharmaceutical associations and the National Association of Retail Druggists.

William J. Stafeil, a registered druggist, who is engaged in the practice of his profession at 3702 Vliet street, Milwaukee, is a native of Wisconsin of German descent. His father, John Stafeil, was born in Nadelfitz, Pommern, Germany, in 1843, ar>d his mother, Minnie (Wegner) Stafeil, was born in Schiefelbein, Pommern, Germany, in 1853. His paternal grandfather was Carl Stafeil, who emigrated to the United States with his wife and family about 1852 and located in Wisconsin, in the town of Ixonia, where he took up land, cleared it, built a home and reared his family. William Stafeil's maternal grandfather, August Wegner, was also a German by birth, born in Schiefelbein, Pommern. and was one of the pioneer settlers of Wisconsin, at that time practically an unbroken wilderness. His wife, whose maiden name was Wilhemenie Bartel, died on the trip from the Fatherland, but undaunted by this great loss, he came as far west as Wisconsin and followed his trade of miller at the old Monterey saw mills, about two and one-half miles west of the town of Monterey. The milling business was a verv profitable one during the days of early settlement and here the kind old man lived to the end of his days, dying on Nov. 3, T892, at the age of seventy-three years. John Stafeil was reared on the old homestead his father had taken when he came to America, and there he had two sons and four daughters born to him, who have gladdened his declining years. The light of prosperity has shone on this honest husbandman of the soil, and he has now retired from active life to enjoy the fruits of his labors during the sunset years of his life. He now resides at Watertown, Wis., and takes a sympathetic interest in the politics of the Republican party, and he and his wife are members of the church of their fathers, the German Lutheran. The subject of this sketch was reared on his father's farm and educated in the graded and high schools of Pipersville, and then attended the Rheude Business College of Milwaukee, where he took a very thorough course in the business branches. Subsequently he took private instruction under Professor Russel in pharmacy, and on Feb. n, 1904, passed the examination given by the State Board of Pharmacy, and was admitted to practice in the state of Wisconsin. He immediately accepted a position with Otto C. Laabs, as pharmacist, and later accepted a still better offer to become laboratory and prescription man for the Drake Bros. Drug Co., and was with them for four years. In July, 1908, he determined to go' into the drug business for himself and formed a partnership with Mr. Laabs, establishing the store at 3702 Vliet street. The business has proved a success and the store has one of the largest trades in this section of the city. Mr. Stafeil has been a member of the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association since 1903, and is a member of the Wisconsin State Pharmaceutical Association. His political affiliations are with the Republican party and he is a member of the Lutheran church.

Mathew Joseph Rodermund, M. D., ranks among the leaders of the medical profession as a specialist in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, as well as nervous, female and chronic diseases generally. His fame is not confined to the limits of the state in which he lives nor to the knowledge of the confraternity of physicians, but throughout the United States, and among the reading laity he is recognized as a leader of thought and an aggressive writer, whose theories are somewhat in advance of and in conflict with those generally accepted and practiced. Dr. Rodermund was born at West Bend, Washington county, Wisconsin, on July 5, 1854, son of Mathew and Susan (Dehn) Rodermund, both of whom are natives of Germany. The paternal grandparents settled in Washington county, Wisconsin, in 1844, and there lived out their allotted years; and the maternal grandparents were also early settlers of the same county. Mathew Rodermund, the father of the subject of this review, devoted his time during his active career to mercantile pursuits, but he is now living in retirement. Dr. Rodermund received his preliminary education in the parochial schools '»f bis native county, and after due preparation entered the Bennett College of Eclectic Medicine and Surgery, at Chicago, in which institution he graduated with the class of 1886. He then spent two years in Europe, taking post-graduate courses at Vienna,

Berlin, Paris and London, and upon his return to America opened an office at Appleton, Wis., for the practice of his profession, making a specialty of diseases of the eye, car, nose and throat. He remained at Appleton ten years, during which time he gained an extended reputation, and after the expiration of that period he removed to the city of Milwaukee, where he has since continued the practice of his profession along the lines mentioned. In addition to caring for a large practice he has written voluminously upon subjects pertaining to the medical profession, and anion- his more prominent contributions to such literature are the following publications: "Fads in the Practice of Medicine," "As It Is." "Exposure of the Appendicitis Frauds," and "Medical Wonders and Medical Blunders." lie vigorously opposes the use of the knife in the so-called appendicitis cases, and is a recognized authority among the opponents of that practice. He also opposes vaccination as a preventive of small-pox, and in January, 1901, during an epidemic of that much dreaded disease in Appleton, he took a decided stand in opposition to the common practice of inoculating children and others with the poisonous virus in order to prevent the spread of the malady. He contended that small-pox is not contagious, and sought to practically demonstrate the correctness of that view, hut the general alarm aroused by the prevalence of the disease in Appleton at that time caused him to be severely criticised by the uninformed. He entered the house of a Mrs. Stark, who had a welldeveloped case of small-pox, and after rubbing the matter from the pustules on his hands and clothing, he left the city and traveled over three states, exposing millions of people. Thousands of health officers and policemen tried in every possible way to trace a case of small-pox that had resulted from such contact, but in the end they had to admit that it could not be done. Whatever may be the general opinion concerning his advanced ideas, it must be admitted by all that Dr. Rodermund is sincere in his convictions and courageous in expressing them, possessing those noble qualities to which mankind is so much indebted for all 'the progress that has been made in the past. Tf his ideas are correct they well ultimately prevail, for no amount of envious criticism can stay 'the onward march of truth. Dr. Rodermund was married on July 5, 1881, to Miss Maggie Maroney, of Sun Prairie. Wis., and to this union there have been born five children: Arthur M. J., who graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago with the class of 1907 and is now engaged in the practice of his profession at Athens, Wis.; Margueret, Edith, Lorena and Dorothy. Dr. Rodermund is independent in his political views.

Ottmar T. Beeck, Ph. G., the junior member of the firm of Peters & Peeck, one of Milwaukee's leading drug houses, is a native of the Cream City, born there on Nov. 21, 1880. His parents were Charles R. and Caroline (Havel) Beeck, born in Berlin, Germany, Nov. 11, 1850, and at Manitowoc, Wis., Oct. [3, [853, respectively. Charles Peeck emigrated to this country in 1869 and soon after landing located in Manitowoc, Wis., where he met and married Caroline Havel ; they had six children, of whom three are still living". Mr. Beeck moved to Milwaukee some years ago, where he is a member of the Elastic Tire Fitting Company, of Milwaukee, and is also a traveling salesman and a member of the United Commercial Travelers. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this review was Anton Havel, a native of Bohemia ; his wife was Olga Winkler, who was born in Germany. They came to this country and settled at Manitowoc in 1850, and there they continued to reside all their lives. Mr. Havel passed to that shore from which no traveler returns in 1876, leaving his wife to continue the journey of life alone until 1887. Ottmar received his elementary education in the public schools, and was associated with Max Bartel four years. After finishing his course in college he again worked for Mr. Bartel four years, until April, 1905, when he engaged in the drug business at 2109 North avenue, in partnership with E. A. Peters, under the firm name of Peters & Beeck, where they conduct one of the most prosperous drug stores in the city. Mr. Beeck is a stalwart advocate of the principles of the Republican party. On Jan. 30, 1907., Mr. Beeck married Miss Alma Karsten, the daughter of Louis and Lisetta (Mohs) Karsten, who are residents of Milwaukee. One child has come to brighten the home of Mr. and Mrs. Beeck, Bernice, born on Nov. 22, 1907. With his wife, Mr. Beeck is a member of the Lutheran church, and he belongs to the Milwaukee Pharmaceutical Association, the State Pharmaceutical Association, the National Association of Retail Druggists, and is also affiliated with the Masonic Order, being a member of Independence Lodge, No. 80, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Wisconsin Chapter, No. 7, Royal Arch Masons.

Lorenz Mauer, a baker who has won a high place in the ranks of his profession in Milwaukee, was born in German)'- on June 11, 1859. He is a son of Karl Kaspan and Catherine (Horath) Mauer, both natives of Germany, who spent all their lives in that country, where the father was a prosperous farmer. Mr. Mauer took advantage of the limited educational opportunities afforded by the common schools of his native country and in 1882 migrated to the United States. He came direct to Milwaukee and secured employment under Philip Schmidt in the bakery business on Teutonia avenue. He spent eight years in acquiring a thorough knowledge of the vocation and becoming conversant with American institutions and business methods, and then, in 1890, engaged in the business under his own name at 486 Maple street. Since that time he has been conducting a wholly modern, sanitary establishment at the same place, and its success can be attributed in large measure to his native traits of thrift, enterprise and integrity. In politics Mr. Mauer is a stanch adherent of the principles of Democracy, but the pressure of business affairs has restrained him from becoming a candidate for public office of any character. His religious relations are with the Catholic church and his only social recreation he finds in the gathering of the social society of his church. Tn June, 1890, Mr. Mauer was united in marriage to Miss Bertha

Brune, a daughter of August and Elizabeth Brune, of Milwaukee. To this union were born four children, Rose, Anthony, Emily and John, aged sixteen, fourteen, thirteen and ten, respectively. Mr. Mauer is a citizen of public spirit, excellent habits and kindly, genial nature, and has a host of friends, who predict for him a most successful career.

William Beyer, a much respected citizen of Milwaukee, was born in Brandenburg, Germany, on Oct. 31, 1836. His father lived all his life in Brandenburg, and his mother, Elizabeth Beyer, was born in Prussia. Mr. Beyer obtained the limited education afforded by the common schools of his native city. When he had finished his schooling he enlisted as a private in the Second Prussian cavalry in 1856 and served for a period of three years and as many months. When that term of enlistment had expired he re-entered the army and was in active service in the war with Austria in 1866. In the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870 and 1871, he participated with his regiment in much of the heaviest fighting, and in December of the latter year received an honorable discharge. Early in 1872 he migrated to the United States, coming direct to Milwaukee, and has ever since made this city his home. For a period of sixteen years he was employed in one of the large rolling mills on the south side, and since he has been engaged as a laborer in various contracts. By careful saving he has managed to accumulate considerable property, and when he decides to retire and enjoy a well-earned respite after years of a strenuous life, he can easily do so. In his political relations he is a Republican, but has never sought political favor of any kind. WAith his wife he is a communicant of the Lutheran church. In 1864 Mr. Beyer was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Kuhnke, a daughter of Michael and Annie Kuhnke, of Brandenburg. Two children were born to bless this union, Frank, deceased, at age of nine weeks, and Ernesttine, who is now thirty-eight years old. The daughter is the wife of Frederick Zahn, to whom she was united in marriage on Aug. 23, 1890. Mr. Zahn is a tailor in the employ of David Adler & Son Company, and he and his wife and four children, Emma, Dorothy, Irene and Helmut, aged seventeen, fourteen, twelve and nine, respectively, make their home with Mr. Beyer at 260 Lenox street, in a house which Mr. Beyer owns.

Knud C. Clauson, a well-known painter of the Cream City, was born in Arendal, Norway, on Dec. 18, 1845, a son "' Knud and Annabel Clauson. He comes of a mixture of the best Dutch and Norwegian stock, his grandfather, Clarence Clauson, having removed from Holland to Norway when a young man and there married a native Norwegian woman. His father, Knud Clauson, was a captain in the Norwegian -navy and was twice captured by the Swedish troops. He died while in the service of his country. An uncle was a captain on the high seas for many years, and commanded the vessel that went on the rocks in New York Harbor a few years ago, when both vessel and cargo were destroyed by the elements and the passengers and crew saved. Knud C. Clauson, the subject of this memoir, came to Milwaukee direct from Norway in 1883. For two years he worked as a sailor on a large lake boat, and then became engaged in the business which now occupies him. Although well advanced in years he is still in rugged health and attends his daily work as regularly as many another younger man. From his ancestry he inherited a capacity for work and a frugality that has made him one of the most valued citizens of the community. Although he has never aspired to office he has always been a stanch adherent of the principles of the Republican party, and in religious matters is affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal church. In February, 1873, Mr. Clauson was united in marriage to Miss Athalia Sederstrom, a native of Norway and a daughter of Peter and Christina Sederstrom. To this union have been born four children, Henry A., Peter C, Clara and Edna A., aged thirtythree, thirty-one, twenty-one, twenty-seven and fifteen years, respectively. Clara is the wife of Ray Hanson, a prosperous grocer on Eleventh street, and has one son, three years of age. Mr. Clauson is one of the influential figures in the Scandinavian Benefit Society.

Ferdinand Paringer, a prominent citizen and prosperous real estate and insurance agent, with an office at 616 State street, is a native of the Cream City, of German descent, born on Sept. 16, i860, being the son of George Frederick and Anna Paringer, who immigrated to the United States in 1843, while this great state was still a territory, and located in the frontier town of Milwaukee. The elder Paringer was a contractor and real estate dealer who was one of the pioneers in that business in the city. The first home was on Prairie street and today it is one of the oldest landmarks. Ferdinand, the subject of this review, received his education in the schools of his native city, and subsequently entered the law office of J. V. V. Platto as a student, in 1877, but on account of ill health never completed his course. In 1884 the city council passed an ordinance providing for a secretary for the mayor and Mr. Paringer was the first incumbent of that office, under Mayor Wallber. He served until 1890, was reappointed in 1893 and served until 1898, under Mayors Koch and Rauschenberger. Upon leaving' the service of the city Mr. Paringer embarked in the real estate and insurance business, in which he has successfully continued to the present date. He is a Republican of pronounced convictions and is a Protestant in his religious views. During the past ten years Mr. Paringer has taken a conspicuous part in the building up of the city and is regarded as one of its most worthy citizens.

Rev. Clement F. LeFevre, D. D., born Nov. .12, 1797, at Birkhampstead, Flertfordshire, England, was the son of Rev. George LeFevre, B. A., who for many years before his death, in 1848. was chaplain to the British embassy in Paris. During the ^rar of 1812 Mr. LeFevre was a lieutenant in the British navy. When peace was declared lie was retired on half pay. and after several years of travel he sailed from England in October, 1817, with a number of Others, to visit South America and join the patriot arm)- under Gen- eral Bolivar in its efforts to throw off the Spanish yoke. The ship stopped en route at the Island of Trinidad to get information before proceeding up the ( >rinoco river. Here he was detained by the yellow fever, by which he and most of the others were attacked, the disease being then prevalent in the island. Mr. LeFevre was one of the few who survived. The vessel returned to England and the expedition was thus broken up. After waiting some months for a favorable opportunity to proceed, Mr. LeFevre engaged passage to New York on a British vessel which happened to come into the harbor. Thus the entire course of his life was changed. On arriving in Xew York he found a position as teacher of the French language at Erasmus llall, an academy For boys at Hempstead, Long [sland. While there he commenced his studies for the ministry, which he completed at Kingston, Canada, and returning to England in [821, he was ordained by the Bishop n\ London and stationed at Sherbrooke, Canada, by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He was married on March 22, in the following year, to Mary Clowes, of Hempstead, Long Island, sister of the Rev. Timothy Clowes, in whose academy he found his first employment on coming to America. In 1829, after a gradual change in his religious views, he resigned his pastorate at Sherbrooke, openly embraced the L niversalist faith, and became an able champion in extending its growth and influence in New York state and in defending it against the attacks of the orthodox ministry, which in those early days of Cniversalism were very bitter. He became successively minister of the I niversalist churches in Troy, N. Y. ; New York City (the Bleeker Street church), and Hudson, X. Y. He was also associate editor of the Gospel Anchor at Troy and of the Cniversalist Union in New York, both of which were influential I niversalist journals. In 1844 ne removed to Milwaukee, where he accepted the pastorate of the L niversalist Society. which then occupied a small building on Broadway (then called Main street), where the Newhall House was afterward built, and where now stands'the home office of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. He retired in 1850, and did not again take up the active ministry, but for many years continued to serve the cause by occasional preaching in Milwaukee' and elsewhere and by contributions to the denominational magazines. On coming to Milwaukee he bought a tract of land a short distance south of the city, where he established his home, and to which he gave the name of "Hazelwood." Here he continued to reside for the rest of his life, greatly beloved by a large circle of friends, who in term^ of endearment and affection spoke of him as Father LeFevre. He died on Dec. 12, 1882. His wife, who had for many years been in poor health, died on Oct. 5, [869. A few years after coming to Milwaukee Mr. LeFevre established his eldest son, William, on a farm at Eagle, in the adjoining county of Waukesha. His second son, George, became clerk in the pioneer hardware store of William H. Byron & Co., on Fast Water street, and later went into the same business for himself in partnership with the late George Greene, under the firm name of LeFevre & Greene, occupying the store at Xo. 289 'East Water street, at the southwest corner of Detroit street. His daughter, Ellen, was married on July 28, 185 1, to John Crapser Coleman, of Montreal, Canada, returning to Milwaukee, however, in 1855, when Mr. Coleman decided to locate permanently in 'this city.