Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 26 of 35)

Jordon Puetz, one of the oldest residents and prosperous farmers of Milwaukee county, who has been one of the important factors in its development and early settlement, was born at Cologne, Germany, Aug. 8, 1838, being the son of Jordon and Elizabeth (Hanis) Puetz, both natives of the same place. The father was reared and educated in his native country, at an early age learned the baker's trade, and being an ambitious man established himself in the bakery business at Roestorp, Germany, where he continued to conduct his banking establishment until he emigrated to the United States in 1845. The family 'came directly to Milwaukee, and within four months Mr. Puetz purchased a farm in what is now the town of Lake. The county was not well settled at that period, and the log house to which he took his family was considered a fine residence. It was warm and comfortable, and here the family settled down to life in the new country. The farm prospered, and in 1867 Mr. Puetz had accumulated sufficient capital to buy a larger and finer home in St. Francis, where he passed away in 1877. He was suvived by his wife and loving helpmate until 1887, when she, too, was summoned to her last rest and was laid beside her husband. They had reared a family of eleven children, four of whom are still living: William, Fred, Jordon and Mrs. Grobshmidt, of St. Francis. Jordon, our subject, was reared and received his education in the public schools of the town of Lake. When only fourteen years of age he left school and remained on the farm with his father. He cut wood, hauled it to Milwaukee, and sold it at seventy-five cents a load. This was hard work for a young boy, but he was ambitious and was not afraid of work. After reaching his majority Mr. Puetz went to work for a telegraph construction company that was erecting a line between Milwaukee and Chicago. Subsequently he engaged in the timber business and furnished the lumber that went into many of the large buildings in Milwaukee, and they are in a way a monument to his business. In 1870 Mr. Puetz saw that the farmer was the most independent man, owning no master but himself, and he bought a farm of his own in the town of Lake, where he still resides. He has seen the rapid growth and development of Cudahy, South Milwaukee and the city of Milwaukee itself, and has always been interested in public affairs. May 15, 1862, witnessed the marriage of Mr. Puetz and Elizabeth Bauer, the daughter of Henry Joseph and Lena Bauer, old and respected residents of the town of Lake. The following children were born to bless this union ; Lena, deceased : Anna ; Jordon, Jr., deceased; Elizabeth, Christine, John, Joseph and Nellie. Mr. Puetz is the grandparent of eighteen children. Mrs. Puetz was called to take that long journey from which no traveler returns on Aug. 21, 1898, and she was laid to rest in St. Francis Cemetery, leaving a sorrowing family. She had been devoted to her husband and children, and in no place was her loss more keenly felt than in the Catholic church, in which she and her husband were members and loyal workers. Mr. Puetz is a loyal supporter of the Democratic party and he takes an active interest in local affairs, being a member of the School Benevolent Society of St. Francis.

Frank Gruenwald, deceased, who was one of the prominent stock-raisers and general farmers of the town of Lake, Milwaukee county, was a native of Wisconsin, born in that town in 1839, the son of Frank and Mary Ann Gruenwald, who were born and reared in Prussia, Germany. The father heard of the great opportunities presented to a young and ambitious man in America and sailed for the new world in 1837. Soon after landing he came to Wisconsin with that great tide of immigrants that poured into the territory of Wisconsin between 1830 and 1850. He and Mrs. Gruenwald were among the first of the pioneer settlers in the town of Lake, where they took up a section of government land. With his own hands Mr. Gruenwald constructed the log hut that was their first home. Neighbors were not near in those days, and Mrs. Gruenwald helped her husband cut down the trees and shape the logs they used for building. The conveniences these first scttler> had were very few: they ground their grain by hand between stones in order to obtain flour for bread, and lived in close relation with the Indians, for Wisconsin was nearly an unbroken wilderness* at that time. After clearing his land Frank Gruenwald, who was a mason by trade, combined that vocation with farming and laid many of the stone walls and foundations for the early homes in the town of Lake. Mr. Gruenwald prospered and reared his family on the hospitable old homestead in the town of Lake. There his children were born and reared. Mrs. Gruenwald was called on that long journey from which no traveler ever returns, in 1883, and she was followed by her husband six years later. Frank, Jr., the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm and received his scholastic training in the public schools of the town of Lake. After finishing his studies he went into Milwaukee and engaged in the brewing business, being employed in the Nunnemacher brewery. He had been in the city five years when this country was rent asunder by civil war, and at the first call for volunteers he enlisted as a private in Company A, Twenty-eighth Wisconsin infantry, which was organized in Milwaukee, and was mustered in on Oct. 14, 1862. It was sent to Kentucky, joined Gorham's expedition up the White river, and was subsequently sent on the Yazoo Pass expedition. It was engaged in the operations against Fort Pemberton and in many minor expeditions during the spring. The regiment was on guard and defense duty at Pine Bluff for a long period during the winter, and then returned to Little Rock. In 1865 it was ordered to Mobile, was assigned to the Third division, was in the trenches before Spanish fort for nearly a month, and was then sent to Mcintosh Bluff. From there it was ordered to Texas, where it remained until mustered out of the service on Aug. 3, 1865. Mr. Gruenwald served gallantly with the other members of the rgiment, and came through the ordeal of wTar and bloodshed unscathed, save for a severe wound in the leg, received in one of the important engagements. Returning to Wisconsin at the close of the war he again entered the employ of the Nunnemachers and became one of the confidential and trusted workmen. After thirtysix years of faithful service with this firm he retired from business life, and bought fifty-two acres of land in the town of Lake, where he bred race horses and conducted his farm until his death on Nov. 4, 1908. Air. Gruenwald met with gratifying success in his new field and was regarded as one of the most progressive horse men in this section of the country. In 1869 Mr. Gruenwald married Anna, the daughter of Henry and Ricki Meyer, who were among the pioneer settlers of Milwaukee county. Ten children came to bless this union and to be a comfort to Air. and Mrs. Gruenwald in their declining years : Joseph, John, Christ, Anna, Mary, James, Benjamin, Lawrence, Clara and Albert. The family are devout Catholics, the religion of their ancestors, and the}' are members of St. Martin's Catholic church. Mr. Gruenwald took an active interest in local affairs, though he never aspired to public office of any kind.

Otto C. Knell, prominent in Milwaukee commercial circles as the president of the Knell, Prengel & Steltz Company, a large establishment dealing in coffees, teas, spices and cigars, was born in Milwaukee on Aug. 24, 1866. He is a son of John Knell, something of whose life may be learned from the sketch of Hon. William R. Knell on another page of this volume. Otto C. Knell received his educational advantages in the public schools of Milwaukee, and graduated from the Ninth ward institution in 1880. After working for three years in minor places, in May, 1883, he entered the employ of the Geuder & Paeschke Manufacturing Company, and the management of that concern, recognizing his natural ability, promoted him from time to time until January, 1900, when he severed his connection with them. During his seventeen years of service with that company he spent four years as factory clerk, three as chief clerk in the factory production department, four as assistant to William Gueder in superintending the company's large and extensive plant, and six as their traveling representative, two years in Illinois and Indiana, and four years in Wisconsin. In March, 1899, in partnership with Messrs. Prengel and Steltz, he organized the firm now known as the Knell, Prengel & Steltz Company, and at the beginning of the following year took active charge of its conduct as president and secretary. This firm has grown from a small beginning to large proportions, now employing five traveling salesmen, covering Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Much of its success can be attributed to Mr. Knell's qualities of thrift and enterprise and his keen business judgment. In his political relations Mr. Knell is a Republican in state and national matters, but is independent of party affiliation when voting on municipal or county affairs. In fraternal circles he is a prominent Mason, being a past master of Kilbourn Lodge, Xo. 3, Free and Accepted Masons; member of Kilbourn Chapter, Xo. 1; Kilbourn Council, No. 9; Wisconsin Commandery, Xo. 1; Wisconsin Consistory, and he is a noble of Tripoli Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a Past Chancellor of Damon Lodge, Xo. 102, Knights of Pythias ; a member of the Old Settlers' Club and the Chamber of Commerce, is post and state director of the Travelers' Protective Association of America, and a member of the Illinois Commercial Men's Association. Mr. Knell is unmarried.

Henry L. Palmer, lawyer, legislator, and life insurance expert, was born at Mount Pleasant, Wayne county, Pa., Oct. 18, 1819. After acquiring such an education as the common schools of his native town afforded he studied law and was admitted to the bar. For a number of years he resided at West Troy, X. Y., engaged in the practice of his profession, but being troubled by asthma, his friend and physician. Dr. L. M. Tracy, recommended him to remove to Milwaukee. The climate proved beneficial and he decided to locate there. In 1849 ne formed a partnership with Abram D. Smith, which was dissolved in 1853 by the election of Mr. Smith to a seal upon the bench of the state supreme court. Mr. Palmer then practiced alone for a few years, but subsequently he was associated with some of the leading lawyers of Milwaukee, among whom were Joshua Stark, Erastus Foote, John R. Sharpstein, David G. Hooker and F. W. Pitkin. Men who knew him while he was engaged in the practice of law say that he would have become one of the great lawyers of the nation had not his talents' been diverted into another channel. He or his firm was retained in many of the early lawsuits, and one of his legal victories was his defense of Sherman M. Booth in the case of Caroline Cook, when he succeeded in getting the jury to disagree. Although he had no special liking for politics, he recognized the fact that every citizen should take an intelligent interest in civic and public affairs, and he soon became an influential factor in the councils of the Wisconsin Democracy. In 1852 he was elected to represent Milwaukee county in the Assembly and was chosen speaker of that body. In 1859 and 1861 he was again elected to the lower branch of the legislature, and in the extra session of 1862 he again filled the speaker's chair. In 1867 and 1868 he was a member of the State Senate; was president of the Milwaukee school board from 1865 to 1868; was again elected to the Assembly in 1872 and the following year was elected county judge of Milwaukee county. In the meantime he had served as city attorney, and in 1863 was the Democratic candidate for governor of Wisconsin, though the state was so overwhelmingly Republican that he stood no show of being elected. In 1859 occurred the event that changed the whole subsequent business career of Mr. Palmer. On March 2, 1857, the Wisconsin legislature granted a charter to the Mutual Life Insurance Company of Wisconsin, with headquarters at Janesville. Late in the year 1858 the projectors of the company, realizing that the prospects were not very brilliant as the company was then located, decided to remove to Milwaukee. Through their representative in that city, Hiram G. Wilson, negotiations were opened with Mr. Palmer, who finally consented to assist in the reorganization, provided he and his Milwaukee associates were permitted to name the Milwaukee men who were to be elected directors. These were Samuel S. Daggett, M. S. Scott, C. D. Nash, Dr. ~E. B. Wolcott and Henry L. Palmer, all of whom attended a meeting of the founders at Janesville, at which a resolution was adopted to remove the company to Milwaukee, and the entire effects of the concern were packed in one small trunk, which was forwarded to the company's new home. Mr. Daggett was elected president and Mr. Palmer was made chief legal adviser. When the executive committee was created, on June 28, 1859, Mr. Palmer was made a member, and from that day to the present time he has been an influential factor in shaping the fortunes of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, under which name the institution was reorganized. In January, 1874, he was elected president, to succeed John H. Van Dyke. Mr. Palmer at once resigned the office of county judge and turned his entire attention to the work of promoting the interest of the insurance company. Under his administration the insurance and investment branches of the business were made independent of each other so far as their management was concerned, and the company was saved from the dangers of agency control. The little black trunk brought from Janesville in 1859 has developed into the magnificent office building at the corner of Broadway and Michigan streets, and the few miscellaneous papers contained in that trunk have grown into assets amounting to nearly $240,000,000. Much of this success is due to the untiring and well directed efforts of Mr. Palmer and the efficient and trustworthy men with whom he was associated during the thirty-four and a half years of his presidency. On July 15, 1908, he resigned the office of president, something he had been contemplating for several years, but owing to legislative investigation of the Northwestern's affairs, he felt that it was his duty to postpone his resignation until the company was completely vindicated. The trustees, in accepting his resignation, unanimously adopted by a standing vote the following minute: "Henry L. Palmer, president of this company since January, 1874, having signified his desire to be relieved of the duties and responsibilities of that office, we, the trustees, take pleasure in placing on record a testimonial of our apprciation of the very eminent services he has rendered to the company during the long course of years that he has been connected with its fortunes. He became a member when those fortunes were precarious. Policy No. 117 having been issued to him, Dec. 15, 1858. From that day whenever the company has in an hour of need looked for a stay and a friend, Henry L. Palmer, came to its aid and proved that friend. He was immediately elected a trustee and six months later a member of the executive committee. He was the legal guide and adviser of the company until January, 1874, when he was elected its president. This office he has held to the present day. To the soundness of his judgment, his great executive ability, his sterling integrity and his fidelity and devotion, the remarkable prosperity and usefulness of the company are to a great degree due, and we can congratulate him on the success of these fifty years of labor. Acceding to his wish and acknowledging the great work done, it is also due that we record our sense of the deep and abiding affection with which his uniform kindness and absolute justice have inspired all his associates and subordinates. It is a satisfaction to know that we shall not entirely lose his services, but that he will continue to give the officers of the company the benefit of his long experience and sound judgment. Our best wishes go with him for many years of continued health and happiness." Mr. Palmer was immediately elected chairman of the executive committee, and although in the ninetieth year of his age he discharges the duties of that position with a vigor that would do a younger man credit. In connection with the subject of insurance it is worthy of note that Wisconsin's first life insurance code, enacted in 1870, was drafted by Mr. Palmer. Aside from his interest in the welfare of the Northwestern, Judge Palmer has but two other elements to engage his attention. One of these is his family and the other is his Masonic associations. While a young lawyer residing in West Troy, N. Y., he became affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, be- ing made a Master Mason in 1841, a member of the Chapter in 1846, and Knight Templar in 1848. Upon locating in Milwaukee he affiliated with Tracy (now Wisconsin) Lodge, No. 13; became a .charter member of Wisconsin Chapter, No. 7, in July 1849; *s also a member of Wisconsin Council, No. 5, and he assisted in the formation of Wisconsin Commandery, No. 1, nine years before the grand commandery of the state was organized. In 1851, 1853, 1871 and 1872 he was grand master of the Wisconsin Grand Lodge ; was grand high priest of the grand chapter of the state in 1858 and 1859; was illustrious grand master of the grand council in 1863 and 1864, and from 1858 to 1865 was grand commander of the Knights Templar of Wisconsin, being the first man to hold that exalted position. In 1865 he was elected grand master of Knights Templar in the Lmited States. In August, 1863, when the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite was introduced into Wisconsin, he became a member of the consistory and was advanced to the Thirty-third degree. Since 1879 he has held the office of Most Puissant Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors- General for the northern jurisdiction of the United States. Mr. Palmer is also a member of the Milwaukee Club, the Craftsmen Club of New York, the Iroquois Club of Chicago, and the University Club of Madison, Wis. On June 21, 1898, the University of Wisconsin conferred on Judge Palmer the honorary degree of LL. D.

Emanuel D. Adler, treasurer of the wholesale clothing firm of David Adler & Sons, and one of the influential business men of Milwaukee, was born in the Cream City in 1854, a son of David and Fannie (Newbouer) Adler. Both parents were born in Austria and came to America in 1848, and to Milwaukee in 1852. David Adler embarked at once in the clothing business with his brother, and later, until 1870, was the sole proprietor of a business. In that year he entered a partnership with his son and son-in-law under the firm name of Adler, Mendel & Company. This company continued until 1878, when the name was changed to David Adler & Sons, and in 1883 it was incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin with that title. David Adler was president of the firm until the time of his death, which occurred in January, 1905. Although a public-spirited citizen he never sought public office but gave his attention strictly to his business. For a number of years he was grand treasurer of the state Masonic order, and served in a similar capacity the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Emanuel D. Adler, the subject of this memoir, received his educational advantages in the Milwaukee public schools, the German-English Academy, the Milwaukee Academy and the Spencerian Business College. At the age of seventeen years he entered business with his father, and has' since been engaged in various capacities with that firm. LTpon the reorganization of the company, just after David Adler's death, he became its treasurer and has since served in that office. The other officers of the concern are Isaac E. Adler, president and general manager; S. D. and B. F. Adler, vice-presidents: Henry M. Oben- dorfer, secretary and credit man, and Harry Markwell, assistant manager. In 1907 the increase in business demanded additional room and the company moved from its quarters at East Water and Huron streets to its present location at Buffalo street and Broadway, where there is more than double the floor space. X<> goods are manufactured there, all the space being used for store rooms and offices, the goods being manufactured in seven different factories throughout the city. The company's patronage is practically all over the United States, salesmen traversing the middle, smith and northwest, the New England states, and a portion of the south. In his politics Mr. Adler is allied with the Republican party, but has never aspired to public office. He is one of the trustees of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company and belongs to the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Deutscher Club and the Woodmont Country Club. He is also a vice-president of the National Straw Works. On May 3, 1888, Mr. Adler was united in marriage to Miss Clara H. Schloss, of Detroit, Mich. To this union have been born four children; Frederic Emanuel, a student in Amherst College: Helen Theresa, a student at Milwaukee-Downer College ; Frances Elsie and Carol Janet.

David Adler, deceased, for more than two-score years the head of one of the noted mercantile establishments of this city, was born in Neustadt, Province of Bohemia, Oct. 9, 1821, a son of Isaac and Bertha Adler. He received his education in the schools of Neustadt and was apprenticed to a baker, serving three years in that capacity. He then spent a year in travel and returned to Neustadt, where he remained for two years and then came to America, lie landed in New York on Aug. 15, 1846, and at once engaged as a craftsman at his trade. After working two years as a journeyman he established a business for himself in a small way in New York and this he carried on successfully for three years. In 1852 he came to Milwaukee with a capital of $1,200, opened up a clothing store on East Water street, and this was the foundation of the great clothing establishment now known throughout the country as the David Adler & Sons Clothing Company. In 1857 he extended his business to the wholesale clothing trade and associated with him Jacob Adler, under the firm name of D. and J. Adler. In 1858 Jacob Adler retired from the firm, and Solomon Adler became associated with his brother and continued with him until 1870, under the firm name of S. Adler & Brother. When Solomon Adler retired from the firm the company was reorganized as the David Adler & Sons Clothing Company, and David Adler associated with him his three sons, Isaac, Emanuel and Samuel, as the other officers and stockholders of the company. From the date of its founding until his death David Adler was the president of the company. Through his business tact, untiring industry, and strict integrity, the company grew to be one of the largest wholesale clothing houses in the United States. Mr. Adler was one of the organizers and a director of the Wisconsin National' Bank, and he was one of the founders and vice-president of the National Straw Works. In

1848 he was united in marriage to Miss Fannie Newbouer, of New York city, and to this union were born seven sons and three daughters. In religion Mr. Adler was1 of the Jewish faith, and was conspicuous throughout the Northwest for his' devotion to the institutions of that church. He was vice-president of the Jewish Orphan Asylum of Cleveland, Ohio, and was a member of the El Manuel and other Jewish benevolent societies. He was also a conspicuous" member of the Odd Fellows of Wisconsin and served as Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of the state. Twice he represented the Grand Encampment and once the Grand Lodge in the Sovereign Grand Lodge of America. He was especially prominent in building up the Odd Fellows' Home at Green Bay. He also served for many years as director of the Wisconsin Odd Fellows' Mutual Life Insurance Company. He was also a member and at one time vice-president of the Old Settlers' Club of Milwaukee. Mr. Adler died on Jan. 23, 1905.

John M. Orth, a prominent dealer in cut stone, was born in Milwaukee county on Sept. 22, 1870, a son of Daniel and Margaret (Schilling) Orth. Both parents were born in Germany, the father in 1832 and the mother on July 5, of the same year. The father was one of those hardy German pioneers who came to Milwaukee in 1852 with no capital but an unbounded ambition and a capacity for hard work, but he made of himself one of the most substantial citizens of the city. He was the founder of what is now the Random Lake Ice Company, beside which he did a large business in wood and coal. His demise occurred in 1901. John M. Orth, the subject of this review, received his primary education in the public schools of the city, and when he left, in 1887, it was to take a course in the Spencerian Business College. Soon after completing his work in that institution he entered the cut-stone business, but subsequently became associated with his father in the coal and wood trade. Soon after his father's death he disposed of his interests and again became interested in the cut-stone industry, which now occupies him. From small beginnings the concern has steadily grown under his guidance until now it is known as one of the most enterprising and flourishing in the city, a success which can be attributed to Mr. Orth's scrupulous attention to business, and his careful, systematic work. He is absorbed in his duties, but finds leisure to devote to worship in the German Lutheran church, and to attend the gatherings of the Millioki Club, of which he is a member. While he is a public-spirited citizen and accustomed to do what he can for the betterment of the community, he does not ally himself with any political party, his idea being that the best government is to be obtained by the judicious exercise of the right of franchise rather than by the dictation of party leaders. Mr. Orth is one of the six children born to his parents, the others being Mary, George, Bertha, Sophie and Ida, all but one of whom survive. Mr. Orth is not married.

Capt. Amos P. Foster, formerly commander of the lighthouse ship Warrington, way born at Brooklyn, X. Y., in 1834. the son of Jacob and Margaret (Hutton) Foster. The father was born in 1704 at Jamaica, Long Island, and died in March, 1858. The mother was born in 1800 at Lisbon, Portugal, while her father was English consul at that place, and her demise occurred in 1837. Captain Foster's school days were passed at a military academy on the Hudson river. He passed the entrance examination for the Annapolis Naval Academy, but remained there only a short time, leaving to begin his life as a sailor on a ship in the China trade. Within a few years he had worked up through the various grades of a seaman's career until he was given command of the Horatio, a full-rigged ship plying between Xew York and the Orient. When the dark cloud of war overhung the nation in 1801 he tendered his services to the naval department, and served in various positions throughout the entire internecine struggle. As a master he commanded the gunboats Delaware, Commodore Perry, Resolute, and the Wyandank. As lieutenant-commander he directed the movement of the Third division of the Potomac flotilla, comprising seven vessels, and the Appomattox division of the James river fleet of the North Atlantic squadron. Captain Foster's vessel, the Commodore Perry, led the fleet when it moved up the James river to Richmond after that city had been evacuated by the Confederates. The trip was exceedingly perilous, as it was necessary to remove the torpedoes placed as an obstruction to the progress of the vessels. Captain Foster's men removed fifty-one of the torpedoes, and the fleet reached the city without mishap. During the struggle the captain participated in some very thrilling engagements, and his marvelous escapes, if put in print, would make an exceedingly interesting volume. At the cessation of hostilities he resigned from the navy and devoted his time to different mercantile pursuits until 1891, when he again entered the government service as captain of the lightship Dahlia, a duty which gave him his first taste of fresh-water service. For a time thereafter he was connected with lighthouse engineers' office, and subsequently was placed in command of the lightship Warrington. Since his resignation from that post he has rendered valuable service to the engineers' department, an institution which is indispensable to lake navigation. Two of Captain Foster's brothers, Henry and James, now deceased, also served in the United States navy during the civil war. Captain Foster has been twice married. By his first wife, Miss Jacqueline Stevens, to whom he was married in 1856, and who died on Aug. 14, 1876, he had two daughters - Mrs. Mary Blake, of Cleveland, Ohio, and Mrs. Margaret D. Clark, of Detroit, Mich. - and a son, John R., now a resident of Los Angeles, Cal. His wedding to Miss Lida McHugh was solemnized on June 30, 1877. Captain Foster has been unswerving in his allegiance to the Republican party, but has never sought public preferment for himself. His deeply religious nature finds expression in membership in the Roman Catholic church. He is the present senior vice-commander of the Wisconsin Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and is a member of E. B. Wolcott post of the Grand Army of the Republic.

Hermann Emil Georgi, attorney, of Milwaukee, is the son of Frederick William and Henrietta Wilhelmina (Gerke) Georgi. The former, born in Saxony, Germany, April 25, 1831, died on Nov. 16, 1900, and the latter, born on June 22, 1851, died on June 24, 1900. The father came to the United States in 1854 and located in Milwaukee in the spring of that year. He was an engineer by profession, and wras in the employ of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company, in various capacities, but chiefly in the construction department. His brother, Frederick Herman Georgi, was a professor of languages in the Leipsic (Germany) University. The mother came to Milwaukee from Pomerania, Germany, in 1866, and the marriage was celebrated in Milwaukee. Hermann E. received his early education in the ward schools of the city and then entered the high school, in which he was graduated. His legal education was obtained at the University of Wisconsin, in which he was graduated in 1891 with the degree of LL. B. Between the time that he finished at the high school and that when he began his law studies he spent a year in teaching, being seventeen years of age when he began his work in that line. After finishing at the college of law he immediately began his practice in the city of Milwaukee,, at 279 Third street, and has occupied the same offices ever since. He entered into a partnership with Henry C. and A. C. Runkel, which association continued until the death of the former in 1895, when the partnership was continued with the son, A. C. Runkel, until the latter was elected to the office of justice of the peace in 1898, since which time Mr. Georgi has practiced alone. He is a Republican in his politics and was elected to the assembly in 1906, without solicitation or work on his part, receiving the support of the Democratic party as well as his own, and being elected by a majority vote. He looked carefully after the interests of the city at the ensuing session of the legislature, and supported, among other measures, one providing for the election of the school board by districts, and another that members of the police force should be accorded a hearing before dismissal. He was re-elected in 1908. He is popular in social and fraternal, as well as in professional circles, and belongs to the order of Free Masons ; Knights of Pythias, in which he is past chancellor, and consequently a member of the grand lodge ; the Tenth Ward Republican Club, the Milwaukee Bar Association, the Milwaukee Aschenbroedel (musical) Club, and the Milwaukee Liederkranz. On Nov. 17, 1904, he was married to Miss Ottilie Memmler, daughter of Eduard and Ernistine (Traeger) Memmler, of Milwaukee. They have one son, Carl Eduard.

Richard Sinclair Witte, of the firm of Rose, Witte & Rose, attorneys, in the Cary Building, Milwaukee, was born in the town of Greenfield, Milwaukee county, in 1864. His father, Richard

Witte, was born on the paternal estate of Schenkenberg, near Prenzlau, Prussia, in 1829. Prior to coming to America, in 1854 he was an officer in the German army. In 1861 he was united in marriage with Frances Margaret Stewart and spent the greater part of his life on a farm in Wauwatosa, where he died in 1886. Two brothers of Richard Witte were also officers in the Prussian .army. The oldest, Adolf, perished in the Crimean war. Herman Witte commanded the Blucher Hussars during the French-German war and received a patent of nobility from Emperor William I in recognition of his service, retiring from the army in 1887 with the rank of lieutenant-general. Mr. Witte's mother is still living. She is a daughter of Robert A. Stewart, of Waukesha county, one of the oldest settlers in Wisconsin, he, with a younger brother, Alexander, having spent the winter of 1837-1838 in Milwaukee, then returning to his former home in Onondaga county, New York. In 1842 he brought his family and settled on a farm in the town of Pewaukee, on which he remained to the end of his life. He was a Democrat in politics and held office in the town for many years. An uncle of Mr. Witte, I. N. Stewart, now of Appleton, Wis., was a prominent teacher for many years and well known as an educator throughout the state. He was one of the earliest graduates of the University of Wisconsin. Mr. Witte, the subject of this sketch, received his early education in the Wauwatosa schools. After leaving high school he took a course in a business college and -was in the employ of the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company for several years. In 1890 he entered the University of Wisconsin, graduated in the law school in 1892 with the degree of LL. B., and immediately began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee. He is a Democrat and has always taken an active part in politics. In 1898 he was appointed assistant city attorney, retiring from said -office in 1906. On Oct. 20, 1887, he was married to Miss Ida M. Jeffery, daughter of George and Ann (Hamilton) Jeffery, of Milwaukee county. Two children have been born to them : George R., who died in infancy, and Rosamond Stewart. Mr. Witte is a member of the bar associations of the city and state and is prominent in fraternal circles, being a member of the Free Masons, Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and other kindred organizations, having occupied the office of grand -chancellor of Wisconsin in the order of Knights of Pythias and D. D. Grand Exalted Ruler of the Elks. The firm of which he is a member is engaged in the general practice of the law and is composed of Hon. David S. Rose, mayor of the city of Milwaukee ; Mr. Witte, and Earl B. Rose, the son of David S.

William Carl Ferdinand Witte, Ph. G., M. D., is a native of the neighboring county of Waukesha and was born on Aug. 26, 1869. His1 father, Richard Witte, belongs to a distinguished German family, and spent the early part of his life on the family estate, Schenkenberg, near Prenzlau, Prussia. The family was well represented in the German army. Several of them were officers of rank. One brother distinguished himself by acts of bravery during the

Franco-Prussian war, for which he was given a title by Emperor William I of Germany. Richard Witte came to this country early in the fifties and engaged in fruit farming. For some years he owned a farm near the city of Milwaukee, where he died in 1886. His wife was Frances Stewart, daughter of Robert A. and Janette Stewart, who were among Wisconsin's early pioneers. Robert A. Stewart came to Milwaukee in 1837. The following spring he returned to his former home in Onondaga county, New York. In 1842 he brought his family to the promising young territory of Wisconsin and died in 1881 on the farm he had purchased from the government. His wife, Janette Hibbard, died in Milwaukee in 1889. Dr. Witte obtained his early education in the schools of Milwaukee county. He was engaged in teaching in his home county for four years. Fie took a pre-medical course at the University of Wisconsin, graduating in the department of pharmacy in 1892. The following year he entered Rush Medical College, in which he was graduated in 1896. For a year he was interne in the Presbyterian Hospital of Chicago. In 1898 he came to Milwaukee, where he has since been in active practice. Early in his professional life he affiliated himself with the Milwaukee Medical College. This institution is now the medical department of the Marquette University. Here he has for some years occupied the chair of surgery and is an active member of the medical faculty. He is attending surgeon to the Trinity Hospital, the Milwaukee County Hospital, the Johnston Emergency Hospital, and the Milwaukee Maternity Hospital. In 1903 Dr. Witte took an extended journey through Europe and spent considerable time in visiting most of the important hospitals of the continent, as well as in London. A large measure of success which has attended his work is due to his conscientious preparations and his unflagging energy. He belongs to the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin State, the Milwaukee County, and Milwaukee Medical societies. He is a member of the Episcopal church and also belongs to the order of Free Masons. In politics he is a supporter of political principles held by the Democraticparty, but he is by no means active in the political arena.

Rev. Edward Purdon Wright, D. D., chaplain of the National Military Home for disabled veteran soldiers, at Milwaukee, was born in Lincolnshire, England, April 26, 1825, a son of Rev. Robert and Elizabeth (Purdon) Wright, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Wales. The father was a minister of the Church of England and spent over forty years in the counties of Wicklow and Carlow, Ireland. He died in Ireland in 1868 at the age of sixtyeight years. His widow then came to the United States and died in Colorado in 188 1, at the age of seventy-four. Of their three sons the subject of this sketch is the eldest. Joseph Owen became an attorney and died in India at the age of fifty-one years, and Robert Arthur now resides in San Diego, Cal. Dr. Edward P. Wright was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, and in 1853 graduated at Burlington College in New Jersey. In 1852 he was ordained to the ministry of the Episcopal church by Bishop George W. Doane sylvania, Ohio, and Illinois, and in 1873 located in Milwaukee. In 1880, he was appointed chaplain of the soldiers' home, and is now ( 1 008) serving his nineteenth year in that position. Since 1888 Dr. Wright has affiliated with the Republican party, having been attracted to that party in the Harrison campaign because of the protective policy advocated. Prior to that time he had been a Democrat. For many generations his family has been affiliated with the Episcopal church. He was made a Mason at Nashua. X. II., about 1857, subsequently took the Chapter and Commandery degrees in Cincinnati, and is now a thirty-third-degree member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. In 1846 Dr. Wright married Mrs. S. P. Coryell, of Philadelphia, who was the mother of four children by a former marriage. She died in 1884, and the following year he married Miss Georgia Bennett, daughter of C. W. Bennett, formerly sheriff of Waukesha county, Wis. Mrs. Wright was born at Auburn, N. Y., and was educated there and at Waukesha. They have no children. Dr. Wright's duties at the home are onerous - visiting and comforting the sick, preaching every Sunday and on Wednesday evenings, and conducting the funeral ceremonies over the departed. Since coming to the home he has buried over 1,600 soldiers.

William George Bruce, secretary of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association of Milwaukee, was born in that city March 17, 1856. His father, Augustus F. Bruce, born in New York, died in 1895, an(l his mother, Appolonia (Becker) Bruce, was a native of Germany and died in 1876. The parents came to Wisconsin in 1842 and settled in Milwaukee, where the father was a ship carpenter. He was an excellent mechanic, an industrious man, and a good citizen, meeting with success in his own line, but taking little part in public affairs. William G. Bruce was educated in the public and parochial schools of the city and by private instruction, and early turned his attention to journalism, being for many years connected with the Milwaukee Sentinel, both in the business department and as a general contributor. In 1890 he entered business for himself, establishing the America School Board Journal and publishing text books on school administration and school architecture. and he became well known in educational circles as a writer and lecturer on school administration. He is still the proprietor of the American School Board Journal and several standard publications on allied topics. He is a stockholder and director in two manufacturing concerns and is also a director of the German-American Bank. In October, 1906, he was elected secretary of the Merck ants' and Manufacturers' Association, which was organized to promote the industrial and civic interests of the city, and Mr. Bruce was elected to the important and responsible position of secretary on account of his activity in public affairs and his unusual abilities as an organizer. He has been very successful in this position, securing the co-operation of business and professional interests and enlarging the scope of the work. On May 4, 1880, Mr. Bruce was united in marriage to Miss Monica Moehring, daughter of Henry and Renatta Moehring, of Milwaukee, and three children have been born to this union. The eldest, William C, is the present editor of the American School Board Journal, of which his father is the owner, and the second son, Milton F., is the business manager of the same publication. Monica, the only daughter, is at home and a student at the Holy Angels Academy. In politics Mr. Bruce belongs to the Democratic party, and for ten years - from 1896 to 1906 - was chairman of the Democratic organization of the city and county of Milwaukee; and for four years - 1902 to 1906 - he was the tax commissioner of the city. He was also, for a number of years, a member of the school board, and he had charge of the school exhibits at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, and also of the state educational exhibits at the St. Louis Exposition. In religious faith he is a member of the Catholic church, and he belongs to a number of social organizations, among which may be mentioned the Milwaukee Athletic Club, the Jefferson Club, and the Old Settlers' Club, being president of the last named organization.

Edward Dreyer, manufacturer of Portland cement sidewalks and concrete construction in general, is a native of Hamburg, Germany, born there on Feb. 21, 1858, son of Edward and Minnie (Kamps) Dreyer, both of whom lived and died in Hamburg. His father was a dyer by trade, and for many years had charge of the largest dye house and woolen mills in Hamburg, employing 1,500 people, and having branch houses in many parts of the world. Our subject was reared in Hamburg, received his education in the public schools there until he was thirteen years of age, and then, in 1871, he went to sea as an apprentice and worked his way up to quartermaster on a merchant marine, saw all of the leading seaports of the world, and was one of the survivors of the Schiller steamship catastrophe of the Adler line, off Scilly Island on Friday, May 13, 1875, in which 336 people lost their lives. He followed a seafaring life for ten years, and then came to the United States on July 3, 1881, locating in Milwaukee. He entered the employ of Pfister & Vogel, tanners, for a short time, and then secured employment with the Allis shops, remaining there for two years, after which he took a position as shipping clerk for F. Achtenhagen, which he held for nine years'. He was then engaged as janitor at the Bahn Frei Turner Hall, and after three years took the janitorship of the Thirteenth Ward public school. In December, 1897, he embarked in his present business, in which he is succeeding well. On Aug. 1, 1878, he married Miss Minnie, daughter of Charles and Catherine Eckert, of Hamburg, Germany, and by her had eight children : Alice, Agnes, Edward, Jr., Walter, Alfred, Lillian, and Irma and lima, twins. He is a member of Aurora lodge, No. 30, Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Marine Verein Meteor. In politics he casts his lot with the Republican party. Mr. Dreyer has seen more of the world than most men and has thereby gained much information. Starting with little or nothing,

Patrick Howard, of the town of Franklin, one of the oldest residents of Milwaukee county, is a native of New York, born at Albany, Sept. 2, 1833, tne descendant of a long line of gallant Irish ancestors. His parents were Jeremiah Howard, born and reared in County Limerick, the "Golden Vale" of the Emerald Isle, and Elizabeth (Griffith) Howard, also a native of Ireland. The father was born in March, 1799, and died in October, 1852. The mother was born in January, 1801, and died in November, 1854. The parents came to America in 1833, at the time so many Europeans were locating in the new country. They landed in New York in June of that year, and lived there until 1841, when they removed to Milwaukee. The Cream City continud to be their place of residnce until 1848, when they settled on a farm in the town of Franklin, Milwaukee county. Mr. Howard cleared his farm of timber and built a substantial log hut, the only dwellings in those pioneer days, and there, with Indians as frequent callers, he carried on his farm. Five children, of whom only two are living, were reared in this happy home in the new country. One of the sons, John, laid down his life for his country during the War of Secession. Patrick's parents were devout Catholics, and in this faith all the children were reared. Our subject received his scholastic training in the public schools of the town of Franklin and returned to the farm after finishing his studies. After his parents' deaths he received the valuable homestead property as a well-merited reward for his services. Mr. Howard owns eighty acres of the most valuable farming land in Wisconsin, its value being due to its proximity to Milwaukee and the fine soil. He has never specialized, but devotes his time to general farming. Mr. Howard gives an unswerving adherence to the Democratic party, of which he is a stanch supporter. His wife was formerly Miss Mary Fitzgerald; they had four children : Jeremiah ; John, a member of the police force of Milwaukee ; Sarah, and Mary. Mrs. Howard passed from this life some years ago, leaving her husband and motherless children. Mr. Howard's second wife was Johanna Bowe, a native of Ireland. One child was born to this union: Edward, a clerk in the Milwaukee postoffice. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church.

Arthur H. Sanford, M. D., has been engaged in the practice of medicine only since October, 1907, when he opened an office in the suburban village of West Allis, and on July 1, 1908, he formed a partnership with Dr. A. H. Brundage at 2404 State street. Already his ability as a physician has secured flattering recognition in the way of practice, and he is also employed as Associate Professor of Physiology at the Marquette Medical school. He was born in the village of New Albin, Iowa, on Jan. 12, 1882, son of Rev. Alcimore and Amanda (Gilbert) Sanford, the former of whom is a native of Connecticut and the latter of Iowa. The paternal grandparents, Hawley Sanford and wife, whose maiden name was Eliza- beth Johnson, removed to Iowa about 1865, and they now reside in Jesup, that state. The maternal grandparents, Hiram and Eliza (Bennefield) Gilbert, the former of whom was a native of Virginia and the latter of Indiana, located in Iowa in an early day and there they lived out their allotted years. The father of the subject of this review was formerly a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, but now he is financial secretary for the Associated Charities and has his residence in the city of Milwaukee. He served as superintendent of the Rescue Mission for nine years. He and his wife are the parents of three sons, two of whom are now living. Dr. Sanford received his early education in the public schools of LeGrand, Iowa, the Evanston, 111., grammar school, and the Racine, Wis., and the Milwaukee West Division high schools. He afterward graduated in the College of Liberal Arts at the Northwestern University in Evanston, 111., receiving the degree of M. A., and he then entered the medical department of the same institution, in which he graduated with the class of 1907. He was married on Aug. 23, 1906, to Miss Margaret, daughter of J. W. and Loretta (Wixson) Seager, of St. James, Minn. Dr. Sanford is a Republican in politics, in religion a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his professional associations are with the Milwaukee Medical Society and the Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fraternity. His college fraternities are the Phi Beta Kappa (honorary), the Sigmi Xi (honorary scientific), and the Sigma Nu.

Alva E. Palmer, D. D. S., who has been prominent in odontological circles in Milwaukee for a number of years, was born in London, Ontario, Canada, on May 5, 1869, a son of Edward and Emaline (Kelley) Palmer, of Canada. The paternal grandfather, William Palmer, was a pump merchant in Canada for a good many years. His wife died in 1885 at the age of eighty-six, and he passed away in 1890, in his eighty-seventh year. The maternal grandfather, William Kelley, was a native of Pennsylvania who removed to Canada to engage in the tobacco business. His wife, Catherine Kelley, died in 1873, and his demise occurred in 1900, in his ninetyeighth year. Edward Palmer, the father, was a merchant in London for more than twenty years, but is now a retired resident of Pittsburg, The mother died in Detroit, Mich., in March, 1891. Four children were born to the parents, all of whom are living. Dr. Palmer received his educational advantages in the public schools of li is native country, and when he had completed his scholastic course learned the trade of jeweler. In 1892 he migrated to Milwaukee and a year later began the study of dentistry. For some six years he was associated with a prominent dentist in Oshkosh, then returned to Milwaukee, and for some years was with W. C. Young. In March, 1905, in rooms 28 and 29 Cawker building, he established a dental laboratory, and he has since been most successfully engaged in the conduct of the same. In politics Dr. Palmer identifies himself with the Social-Democratic movement and is a loyal adherent of its principles. On Oct. 16, 1899, occurred his marriage to Miss Margaret Elizabeth Gokey, of Milwaukee, a daughter of Napoleon and Margaret (James) Gokey, of Portage, Wis. Mr. Gokey died in 1891, and his widow is living in Milwaukee. To Dr. and Mrs. Palmer has been born one child, Cecelia Margaret.

Alvin J. Brown, D. D. S., a leading practitioner of dentistry in Milwaukee, was born in this city on May 10, 1881, a son of Hans A. and Mary (Oesterly) Brown, the former of whom was born in Racine in 1845 and the latter in Milwaukee on March 19, 1848. The paternal grandparents, Jacob and Ellen Brown, were born in Norway and located in a Racine county farming community. Mrs. Brown is deceased, but her husband is still living, a retired resident of Racine. The maternal grandfather, George Oesterly, was a native of Germany who located in Milwaukee early in his life and spent the remainder of his life there. He was the first blacksmith to locate on the South Side in this city. The father, Hans A. Brown, for over thirty years has been in the employ of the Wilier Manufacturing Company. His wife is a member of St. Peter's Lutheran church, being also a member of the choir of that institution. The parents had three children born to them, of whom Dr. Brown is the eldest. Delia, the second, is deceased, and Harvey is a machinist. Dr. Brown attended the Eleventh Ward school and the West and South Division high schools of th city, graduating at the latter. In the fall after his graduation from South Division he entered the dental department of Marquette University, being at the time but seventeen years of age. In 1901 he was graduated with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery and immediately opened an office on Mitchell street. His success is largely attributable to his engaging manner, his skillful treatment, and a thorough study of his chosen profession. On Feb. 25, 1904, he became a private in Troop A, First cavalry, Wisconsin National Guard, and has since been one of the moving spirits in that organization. He is not allied with any existing political party, preferring to exercise his right of franchise as his conscience and judgment dictate, rather than be hampered by political affiliation. His religious relations are with the Church of Christ, fraternally he is prominent as a member of Walker lodge, No. 123, of the Knights of Pythias, and Past Chief of the Tribe of Ben Hur.

August M. Gawin, proprietor of the well-known Mirror and Art Glass Works', Milwaukee, and prominently identified with the political life of the city, being the present City Comptroller, was born in the province of Posen, German Poland, Aug. 27, 1867, of mixed Polish and German descent. He is the son of Christian and Dora (Boehm) Gawin, the former a native of German Poland and the latter of German}'. The father followed the vocation of a farmer in his native country and came to the United States with his family in 1870, settling in Milwaukee. Only twelve days after his arrival, while engaged in work for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, he was accidently killed. His family thus suddenly deprived of their support and bread-winner, consisted of the widow and four small children - three daughters and a son. Of the children three grew to maturity: Mary, now the widow of Max Jazdzewski ; Magdalen, the deceased wife of Frank Zurkowski; and August M., the subject of this sketch. August was only three years of age at the time of his father's death, and he grew to maturity in the city which has ever since been his home. His education was obtained in the parochial and public schools of Milwaukee, and at an early age he began to earn his own livelihood as an artist in water colors. He possesses the artistic temperament in a high degree, and has utilized his fine artistic gifts in a most practical manner. He saw an opening in the production of ornamental glass of unique design and workmanship, and embarked in this business in the year 1896. He has met with ample success in this undertaking, and the firm of which he is now the head is doing a most prosperous business in the production of mirrors and high-grade art glass for windows, etc. The business extends throughout the United States and Canada, and at the present time is giving employment to some twenty-six people. Mr. Gawin was married in February, 1893, to Agnes, daughter of John Pawelski, of Milwaukee, and like our subject, a native of Poland. Mr. and Mrs. Gawin are the parents of an interesting family of six children : Roman, Edmund, Adelle, Maggie, Stanley, and Maurice, and the family are members of and faithful attendants of St. Hyacinth Roman Catholic church. Mr. Gawin belongs to the Jefferson Club, the Calumet Club, Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, Travelers' Protective Association, and the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin, and he is also prominently identified with the St. Augustine Benevolent Society, which was originally organized through his efforts. Politically he is a staunch Democrat, and has been prominent in the* councils of his party for many years. He served as a member of the state assembly for the Fourteenth assembly district for three successive terms, from 1897 to 1903, and during this period was an active and very influential member of the legislature. In June, 1905, he was appointed for a term of five years as a member of the city Board of Park Commissioners, a position in which his artistic faculties have been utilized for the beautification and betterment of the city. In the recent spring campaign of 1908 he was the candidate of his party for the office of city comptroller, and was elected to that high office by a handsome majority, which evinced his wide popularity with the citizens of Milwaukee.

Max Kantak is the senior member of the well-known firm of Kantak Brothers, 567 Lincoln avenue, commission merchants and dealers in flour, feed, baled hay, shavings, and all kinds of bran and middlings. He is a native of Konitz, German Poland, son of Mathias and Elizabeth (Roztankowski) Kantak, who immigrated to the United States in 1872. The family made Milwaukee their home, and Mathias Kantak and his wife died there. Their family consisted of five children: Martha, wife of Frank Bartoszewski ; Annie, wife of Joseph Rechlicz; Max, John, and Joseph (deceased).

Max Kantak was born Oct. 31, 1871, attended Milwaukee parochial schools, was first employed by Amos Schneider as a wine refiner, and later by F. W. Hartman in the same business. In 1 899, with his brother John, Max Kantak engaged in the commission business on a small capital. Their venture prospered from the first, and the business has grown rapidly until it has become widely known. The establishment of Kantak Brothers is one of the foremost commission houses in the city, and the firm is one of the most prominent on the south side. Mr. Kantak is a wide-awake and progressive citizen, active in every project which promises the betterment of the community. He is a loyal adherent of the principles of the Democratic party and takes an active interest in political matters. He was elected alderman from the Fourteenth ward in the spring of 1908. He is devoted to the interests of his neighborhood and can be relied upon to give his ward efficient representation in the city council. Mr. Kantak's business success has been attained by fair and honorable dealings, and his popularity by sincerity and freedom from prejudice. On May 17, 1898, Mr. Kantak was married to Miss Jennie Rozanowski, daughter of Joseph Rozanowski, of Milwaukee. The marriage has been blessed by the birth of four children : Amelia, Edward, Max, and Rose. Mr. Kantak and his family are members of St. Stanislaus Polish Roman Catholic Church, and Mr. Kantak belongs to the Polish National Alliance, St. Roman Society, and the Woodmen of the World.

Louis Schreibeis, a licensed undertaker and embalmer of 496 Kinnickinnic avenue, Milwaukee, Wis., was born at Two Rivers, Manitowoc county, Wisconsin, March 26, 1872. His parents, Bartholomew and Gertrude (Romer) Schreibeis, were both born in German}', and wrere pioneers of Manitowoc county, where they settled at an early day. They reared a family of six children : John ; Annie, wife of Joseph Glanz ; Rosa, the widow of Alphonse Brielmain ; Louis, Henry, and Joseph. The father spent his life in Two Rivers, where he died, a great loss to the community and deeply mourned by his cihldren. Louis received his scholastic advantages in the parochial schools of Two Rivers, and after finishing his studies, learned the art of church decoration, in which he was very successful. For twelve years Mr. Schreibeis followed this profession, part of the time in Two Rivers', and later in Milwaukee, where he located in 1888. Seven years later, in 1905, he decided to make a change in business, and established himself at his present location as undertaker and embalmer. To-day Mr. Schreibeis is one of the most successful and popular men in his profession in the Bay View district. On Oct. 17, 1899, he was united in marriage with Matilda, daughter of Louis Bauschek, of Milwaukee. Four children have been born to them: Marie, Gertrude, Joseph, and Cecilia. Mr. Schreibeis belongs to the congregation of St. Augustine's Roman Catholic church and is a popular member of St. Peters's Catholic Society, St. Pius' Catholic Society, and the Bay View Liederfraund Sino-insr Societv. He is also a member of the State Undertakers' Association.

Charles A. Higgins, deceased, a prominent and prosperous business man of Milwaukee, was born at Brookfield, Waukesha county, "Wisconsin, May 10, 1849, and was the son of Jones and Jane (Springstred) Higgins, both natives of New York state. Jones Higgins was born in 1815 and spent his earlier years in his native state, coming west when a young man. The country was at that time a part of the frontier, and there was little to occupy the new-comers except the clearing and cultivating of the soil. To this occupation Mr. Higgins devoted himself, obtaining land in the vicinity of Brookfield, and there he spent the greater portion of his life. After reaching the period when he no longer felt able to superintend the management of the farm, he retired and spent his closing years in the city of Waukesha. To Mr. and Mrs. Higgins were born five children - two daughters and three sons - of whom Charles A. was 'the oldest. He acquired his early education in the country schools of the town of Brookfield; later becoming a student of Carroll College, Waukesha, in which institution he was graduated. After leaving college he taught school for a short time and then removed to Milwaukee, where he engaged in the fish business, following the same with financial success until the time of his death. This occurred on June 4, 1904, and was sudden and unexpected, as he returned from business and had eaten his supper in, apparently, his usual health. During the night he was taken ill and died before morning. In politics, Mr. Higgins was allied with the Republican party, although not especially active in that line, and he ranked high in fraternal circles, having taken the Thirty-second degree in the order of Free Masons, and was a member, also, of the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On April 21, 1880, he was united in marriage to Lily - daughter of George W. and Helen (Hutchins) Laurence, of Lowell, Mass., - who survives him.

Charles Miksch, a popular carpenter, contractor and builder, of Milwaukee, is a native of Bohemia. He was born on Sept. 11, 1859, and is a son of Joseph and Theresa (Werner) Miksch. The parents came to this country in 1867 and located in the town of Oak Creek, Milwaukee county. There the father engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1883, and in that year he retired from active labor and removed to the city, where he died in 1887 at the age of sixty-eight years. There were eight children in the family: Frank; Josephine, wife of William Illman ; Theresa, wife of George Dantzmann ; Gustav ; Frances, deceased wife of John Kauzer ; Lina, deceased wife of Jacob Schwartz; Wenzel, deceased; and Charles, the subject of this review. Charles was reared in Milwaukee county from his eighth year, and received his educational advantages in the public schools here. After three years of apprenticeship in the carpenter trade under the preceptorship of Henry Buestrin, he served six years as a journeyman and in 1885 established a business under his own name. The venture proved a success from the start, due in large measure to Mr. Miksch's habits of strictest honesty and thorough workmanship. He gives especial attention to the erectiou of flat buildings, and he has achieved a great success in thai line. In political matters Mr. Miksch is allied with the Democratic party, and in the campaign of 1908 was a candidate on the Democratic ticket for member of the assembly from the Eleventh district, going down in defeat with his party associates. On two previous occasions he was a candidate for the same position, and went down in defeat with his party, but his popularty brought him many votes more than the balance of the ticket received. Fraternally he is prominent as president and secretary of the united Catholic Societies', president of St. Anthony's Society and as a member of St. Michael's Society. His other business interests include the presidency of the South Side Building & Loan Association and a trusteeship in the Mitchell Street State Bank. In 1887 he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Draeger, a daughter of Martin and Elizabeth Draeger, of Milwaukee. To this union have been born seven children: Aloysius W., Joseph, George, Martin, Charles A., Mary, and Anna. The family are all communicants of the Roman Catholic Church.

Leslie Eugene Cherry, D. O., deceased, was born in Rice county, Minnesota, Dec. 27, 1865, the son of William Cherry, of Peru, Ohio, and Mary (Terry) Cherry, a native of Ripley, N. Y. The parents came to Minnesota in December, 1865, and located in Rice county, where the father died in 1884. The mother is living with a daughter in Erie, 111. There were three children in the family : Sarah, wife of Rev. Wallace Mather, a direct descendant of Cotton Mather, of Colonial times, and a nephew of Ray Palmer, the hymn writer; Ella, wife of Charles Lathe, of Erie, 111., and Leslie Eugene. The mother of our subject traces her ancestry to Samuel Terry. who came to this country from England in 1650. settling in Springfield, Mass. Leslie Eugene Cherry was educated in the public schools of Faribault, Rice county, and at Pillsbury Academy, Owatonna, Minn. He began his business life in the capacity of a traveling salesman ; first for a Mr. Gauswitz, a druggist of Owatonna, and later for A. L. Hill, of Faribault, Barnard Brothers & Cope, and W. T. Rolph & Company, all furniture manufacturers, of Minneapolis, Minn. Though his business career had been characterized by success from the beginning, his desires had always led him toward a professional life ; accordingly he matriculated in the University of Minnesota, expecting to take up the work in that institution, but becoming interested in the science of Osteopathy he finally decided to cast in his lot with the pioneers of this newsystem of therapy. He accordingly entered, together with his wife, the Xorthern Institute of Osteopathy at Minneapolis, Minn., in which they both graduated in September, 1897. They came to Milwaukee immediately, renting offices in the Matthews Building and termed their enterprise the Milwaukee Institute of Osteopathy. Though Osteopathy was practically unknown to the city, Dr Cherry soon won friends for himself and his system, the believers in the new method being cultured people who were drawn to it by the rationale of the treatment and the skill of its application. In

September, 1898, the Milwaukee Institute of Osteopathy was incorporated as an educational institution, Dr. Cherry becoming president and his wife vice-president. A class of twelve intelligent young men and women matriculated in this, the only school of Osteopathy ever recognized in the state. The personnel of this first class testifies to the character of the work done by the Drs. Cherry, one being a prominent medical practitioner, one a Young Men's Christian Association instructor, and several teachers and business men. The young school soon outgrew its quarters in the office building and the old Milwaukee-Downer College building, at the corner of Juneau avenue and Milwaukee street, was obtained and fitted for its purposes. At this time the corporate name was changed to the Milwaukee College of Osteopathy. This large building was well adapted for its new uses. A portion was furnished as a sanitarium, however, the. practice of Osteopathy having never been abandoned by Dr. Cherry, and the need of such an institution being felt in his constantly growing practice. We are told that history repeats itself. This was proven in the introduction of Osteopathy in Wisconsin, for with the successful endeavors of the Drs. Cherry and their colleagues in establishing not only the college but also an influential patronage, came also the bitter opposition of the older schools of medicine, the practitioners of which considered the new system an imposter, coming as it did without their knowledge or approval. This opposition culminated in the arrest by the State Board of Health of an accredited graduate of Osteopathy who had recently located in the city, and who therefore was the most vulnerable, not having a clientele to assist in his defense. The charge brought was that of "practicing medicine without a license." Dr. Cherry was called into court to explain the system; taking a skeleton he lectured and demonstrated the science in a masterly way, making converts as he spoke. The next session of the state legislature saw the enactment of a law giving Osteopathy legal recognition, due in large part to Dr. Cherry's unremitting activities. However, the law which protected the individual practitioner put the college out of business by requiring a course so regulated as to make it impossible for the Milwaukee college to compete with those in other states. Accordingly, after graduating three classes of students, many of whom have since become prominent in the profession, the Milwaukee College of Osteopathy was merged with the parent institution at Kirksville, Mo., and Dr. Cherry was left, after the arduous duties as college president and instructor, to carry on his work as a private practitioner with a clientele so enlarged as to call forth every energy of mind and body. He was never too ill to respond to the call of the sick and never too hurried to listen to the story of those in distress ; he was the doctor born and not made, strong and true, who gave himself unstintedly to his profession, who, when worn out with its demands, was unable to overcome the inroads of disease ; of whom it was said by one familiar with his life, "He saved others, himself he could not save." Dr. Cherry was a firm believer in the Young

Men's Christian Association, was a charter member of this Organization at Faribault, Minn., and was ever ready to assist in its work. He was a Baptist in religious belief, and a deacon in the First Baptist Church of Milwaukee at the time of his death. In politics he was a Republican, was a member of the Masonic order and other similar organizations, the Milwaukee Athletic Club and Knights of Pythias. On July 5, 1893, ne married Esther II., daughter of Edwin C. and Minerva (Hopkins) Sanders, of Brooklyn Center, Minn., and to them was born one child, Edwin Sanders Cherry, Oct. 14, 1902. Mrs. Cherry's father was burn in Cataraugus county, New York, June 26, 1826; her mother, who traces her ancestry to two signers of the Declaration of Independence, was born in New Brunswick. The father attended school in Springville, N. Y., entered the Baptist ministry, came west and located at Oshkosh, Wis., in 1852, and there he organized the First Baptist church and served it as its pastor for two years. He then went to Le Sueur, Minn., where he was pastor until the beginning of the Civil war, at which time he organized Company G, Tenth Minnesota infantry on Aug. 15, 1862, and was chosen captain of the same. While the regiment was still in the process of organization the outbreak of the Sioux Indians occurred, signalized by the massacres at the Indian agencies. Captain Sanders, with a portion of his company, assisted in the defense of New Ulm, where the Indians were defeated, and in which engagement he received a bullet wound in his side. His company was one of those detailed to be prsent at the execution of the condemned Indians on Dec. 26, 1863. Later it was in the engagement at Dead Buffalo Lake, where it bore the brunt of the attack, being flanked on both sides by 4.000 Indians before the other regiments were in position. The regiment left the state for southern battle fields on Oct. 7, 1863, an^ among other engagements Captain Sanders fought at Tupelo and Holly Springs, Miss., Nashville, Tenn., and Mobile, Ala. After the battle of Nashville in December, 1864, he was promoted to the rank of major and was mustered out on Aug. 16, 1865, with an honorable discharge. After the war he returned to his extensive farm, where he rested for a year, and then re-entered the ministry, in which profession he served continuously until 1900, when he retired, locating in Milwaukee, wdiere, on Aug. 29, 1908, he answered the last roll call and passed on to meet his Creator, whom he had served so well. His wife still resides in Milwaukee. Dr. Cherry died on March 23, 1906, in the full vigor of his manhood. His untimely death was a shock to all who knew him and was deeply mourned by his large circle of friends. Gentle and courteous in manner, unpretentious in his bearing, he was an example of the best type of a Christian gentleman.

Wendelin Bautz. - Among all the peoples' of Europe who have been attracted to this country by promises of fortune, freedom in religious belief, or a refuge from political persecutions, none have contributed more to the nation or the great commonwealth of Wisconsin than the original German settlers. Men of the Teuton race made ideal immigrants for the settlement of the two western states - Wisconsin and Michigan - where they settled in largest numbers. One of this worthy German element is Mr. Bautz, who was born in the beautiful valley of the blue Danube river, at Sigmaringen, Hohenzellern, Germany, Jan. 22, 1841. He is the son of Wendelin and Magdelina (Diring) Bautz, born in Hohenzollern in 1803 and 1797, respectively. The father was a mason contractor in the Fatherland and constructed many of the government buildings in Germany. On Oct. 12, 1854, he sailed from Germany with his family and landed in New York on Nov. 20 of the same year. Three months later Mr. Bautz went to Columbia county, New York, and remained there until May 1, 1856, when he brought his family to Milwaukee, arriving on May 8. For four years he worked at different occupations, mostly repair work, but in May, i860, he moved to a farm which he bought in the town of Oak Creek, and he lived there until 1874, when he retired from active life to enjoy his sunset years in a well-earned respite from work. In 1886 his wife died and he went to live with his son, the subject of this sketch. In 1889 Mr. Bautz was called to his last long journey and was laid to rest in the old cemetery at St. Francis, beside his wife and loving helpmate. They had reared a family of twelve children, of whom only three are still living. Wendelin, the subject of this sketch, received the elements of a practical education in the schools of his native land. He was ambitious, and in order to go to school at all he worked for his board and clothes on a farm and attended school three days of the week. After coming to Wisconsin his first labors were in a brick yard in Milwaukee for about six months. He then worked in a bakery, owned by his brother-in-law, on Reed street, Milwaukee. Subsequently he returned to his parents' home in Oak Creek and remained there from i860 to 1874. He was ambitious and rented a farm in the town of Lake for four years. There he prospered, and he moved from this first land to a farm where the town of Cudahy now stands. He rented for five years, and in 1883 purchased the land. Eight years later, in 1891, the Cudahy brothers were looking for a suitable piece of land for their packing houses, and they bought Mr. Bautz's farm and he moved to his former home, where he resided until he retired from active life. Mr. Bautz is sixty-eight years of age and may be considered a remarkable old gentleman, his memory being as good as that of a young man, and he is still well preserved and takes an active interest in the affairs of the day. He is a Democrat, but in local affairs is not bound by any party ties, voting as his conscience dictates and for the man who, in his opinion, is most worthy. He was pathmaster for four years for the town of Lake. On Nov. 4, 1869, Mr. Bautz was united in marriage with Agnes, the daughter of Gerhart and Elizabeth (Krueger) Dirksmeier, residents of Milwaukee. The following children came to bless the home of Mr. Bautz: Agatha E., born Oct. 26, 1870; Nicholas W., born Oct. 14, 1871 ; John W., born Dec. 25, 1872, deceased: Elizabeth M., born March 22, 1874; Andrew J., born July 25, 1877, and Charles M., born Jan. 28, 1879, who bought a suburban residence in Fernwood in (892, in which he lived until his death in 1900. Agatha is now the wife of William Grobschmidt, of South Milwaukee; Elizabeth married Eugene West, of Milwaukee; Nicholas lives at home, and Andrew is in business in Milwaukee. Mr. Bautz was reared in the Catholic faith and is a member of that church.

George Henry Stevens, deceased, one of the early residents of Milwaukee, who was prominently identified with the retail grocery interests of the city, was born in New York city in September, 1835. He was the son of John and Lucy (Bancroft) Stevens, both of whom were natives of the-sarrre p\zbe.iAjoKn 'Stevens was a ship merchant and carried on an extensive trade in New York city for many years'. He and his wife reared a family of five children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth. George came of a family that had means, and he received his educational advantages in the private schools of New York city. He recognized that greater opportunities were offered in the West for an ambitious young man, and he followed the tide of migration that was setting steadily westward, and located in Milwaukee, where he established himself in the grocery business at the corner of West Water street and Grand avenue. His business thrived and he built up a substantial and prosperous house through fair dealing and care in furnishing the best the market afforded for his patrons. Mr. Stevens was born and reared in the North, and when the Civil war was precipitated upon a divided country, he was loyal to the institutions' and inherent rights of the Union and manifested his allegiance in no equivocal way. At the first call for volunteers he enlisted as captain of Company A, Second Wisconsin infantry, which was organized in May, 1861, and mustered in on June 11; it left the state on June 20 and was the first regiment of three-year men to appear at Washington. Almost immediately this regiment was1 assigned to the army of the Potomac and participated in the first battle of Bull Run. Later the history of the regiment became merged with the famous "Iron Brigade." Captain Stevens showed marked ability as a commander and was rapidly advanced from captain to major of his regiment in 1862, and before the year closed received his commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Second Wisconsin. He took part in the engagements' at Warrenton and Sudley roads, and led the regiment when it stormed the enemy's position at South Mountain. At Antietam the brigade to which the Second Wisconsin belonged dislodged the enemy after a severe conflict, and at Fredericksburg it held an exposed position, subject to heavy fire. At Gettysburg the regiment led the marching column and was the first to meet the enemy, advancing upon him and receiving a volley that cut down over thirty per cent, of the rank and file, and here the gallant colonel laid down his life for his country - unselfish, devoted, upright and kindly, with nothing in his heart but love for his fellow men, but with a still higher love of justice and right which led him to battle to preserve the union of his country. A gallant soldier and true, the Second Wisconsin lost one of the ablest and most loved commanders when he breathed his last amid the roar of battle. On March 24, 1859, Mr. Stevens was united in marriage with Harriet Louise, the daughter of Edmund S. and Harriet E. (Van Wert) Purdy, of Fox Lake, Wis. Mrs. Stevens' parents were natives of New York city . Mr. Purdy was an architect and came west in 1846, when Wisconsin was still a territory and an almost unbroken wilderness. He located in Fox Lake and practiced his profession until his demise, which occurred in 1892. Both he and his wife, who died in 1889, were members of the Congrgational church, which lost two of its most stanch supporters when the}7 passed away. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Stevens, and they remained to comfort the bereaved mother, who was left to face the world alone when her husband was killed. Walter B. Stevens is a druggist at Sibley, la., and Lulu L. is the wife of Robert S. Hunter, of Fox Lake, Mrs. Stevens' old home. During his life Mr. Stevens gave his allegiance unreservedly to the Republican party. Both he and his wife were members of St. James' Episcopal Church. He was affiliated with the order of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons.

Gen. Otto Herbert Falk, whose name is prominently connected with the National Guard organization of the state and the business development of Milwaukee, was born at Wauwatosa, Milwaukee county, on June 18, 1865. He is a son of Franz and Louise (Wahl) Falk, a brief review of whose lives appear elsewhere in the biographical section of this work in the sketch of Herman W. Falk, another son. General Falk received his preliminary education at the German-English Academy and then completed a course in the Northwestern Lmiversity of Watertown, Wis. Having a desire to become conversant with military affairs, he matriculated at the Allen Military Academy at Chicago and graduated at that institution as ranking captain. His military career has continued many years and he has served in many capacities. After graduation from the academy he became a member of the Light Horse Squadron Cadet Corps, and on March 9, 1886, entered the military service of the state as adjutant of the Fourth infantry, Wisconsin National Guard. Within two months he took an active part in the suppression of the riots which broke out simultaneously in Milwaukee and Chicago, and by his conduct so attracted the attention of Governor Rusk that he was appointed aide-de-camp on the governor's personal staff. On Aug. 24, 1887, ne was promoted to the rank of major of the Fourth battalion, and on Oct. 29 of the same year was made lieutenant-colonel. Upon the inauguration of Governor George W. Peck he was appointed quartermaster-general of the Wisconsin National Guard, his commission bearing date of Jan. 5, 1891. By appointment of the governor, General Falk became adjutant-general of the state militia on Dec. 5, 1893, and at the time of his promotion to the office was the youngest man Avho had ever held that important office. On his own application, and in accordance with the laws of Wisconsin, he was placed on the retired list on Jan. 10, 1895. Fie had been commended in general orders by the chief executive of the state for his action in the Third Ward fire in Milwaukee and at the Camp Douglas fire. In August, [893, he was' sent to Ashland by the governor to investigate the dock riots, and in two days succeeded in settling the trouble to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. The following message was sent to Governor Peck by the business men of Ashland : "A resolution was adopted tendering your honor sincere thanks for the timely and efficient aid rendered in the past two days to the milling and business interests of this city, through the personal efforts of General Falk, who readily grasped the situation." In July, 1892, the general was ordered to Merrill, where a strike was in progress and succeeded in settling the difficulty without the aid of troops. In July, 1894, during the great railroad strike in Chicago and elsewhere, the general succeeded in keeping the state free from all rioting, except at Spooner, where the authorities experienced some trouble in quelling disturbances. In the winter of 1893 he was in charge of the Hurley relief expedition, rendering aid to the starving miners of northern Wisconsin and Michigan. During his term -of office as adjutant-general he revised the rules and regulations and the laws governing the National Guard of Wisconsin, and was president of the National Guard Association in 1894. Governor Upham, in general orders retiring General Falk, said of him : "Few -officers in the state have held so many appointments or filled them -so well. Whether as adjutant, battalion commander, quartermaster or adjutant-general, he brought to the discharge of his duties rare ability, sound judgment and enthusiastic devotion. In the equipment of the state force and in the system existing in this office he has left a monument to his executive skill. His- unfailing courtesy and consideration will be long remembered, and he carried with him to his retirement the respect and esteem of the Wisconsin National Guard." At the outbreak of the Spanish-American war General Falk at once tendered his services to the state, and as there were no vacancies to be filled in the guard, to the president of the United States. On June 8, 1898, the president commissioned him major and chief quartermaster, and on the 30th of the same month he was assigned to the Third army corps. He reported for duty on July 4 at the headquarters of the Third corps, and was the same day assigned as chief quartermaster of the First division with a station at Chickamauga Park. Two months after the above assignment he was made chief quartermaster of the corps and was stationed at Anniston, Ala. The corps was disbanded early in October, and the general became chief quartermaster of the Second division of the Fourth corps. Later in the year, on Dec. 10, he was commissioned special inspector of the quartermaster's department of the United States army, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. During January and February, 1899, he1 visited many American camps, and in the latter part of the last-named month was ordered to take station at Washington, whence, on March 4, he was ordered to Cuba on a tour of inspection. While on the island General Falk inspected the following camps : Havana, Pinar del Rio, Guanajay,

Buena Vista, La Union, Matanzas, Cardenas, Santa Clara, Cienfuegas, San Luis, Manzanillo, Santiago and Guantnamo. On April 1 he received orders to join the secretary of war at Santiago and proceed to Porto Rico on the United States transport Ingalls. The quartermasters' departments at Ponce and San Juan, Porto Rico,, were inspected, and the party then returned to the United States, reaching Fortress Monroe in the lattr part of April. From that time until his discharge from the service, on June 20, General Falk was stationed at Washington. On his return to his native state he was ordered by Governor Scofield to assume command of the First regiment of infantry, Wisconsin National Guard. Milwaukee was made a military post and Troop A and Battery A were attached to the post with General Falk in command. He commanded the First Wisconsin when, in 1903, the regiment took part in the army maneuvers at West Point, where the regiment made an enviable record. The chief umpire, General Wagner, said of it: "Their work in the field was most excellent and highly satisfactory." General Kobbe, of the United States army, in a letter to General Falk, said : "The inspector-general of the division made verbal report to me yesterday to th effect that the camp of the First Wisconsin was in most excellent condition, and that the sanitary precautions enjoined in orders were implicitly followed." He added : "They have nothing to learn in this respect from any regiment on the grounds.'" In 1905 General Falk requested Governor La Follette to place him upon the retired list, but the governor, appreciating General Falk's. valuable service to the National Guard, refused to do so. A year later General Falk was transferred to the general staff as chief engineer officer, with station at Milwaukee, where he is at the present time engaged with the important duty of constructing barracks for Battery A. General Falk's business interests at the present time include the vice-presidency of the Falk Company, a. directorship in the Wisconsin Telephone Company and also in the Milwaukee Metal Trades & Founders' Association. In his political views he is allied with the Republican party on national issues, but in local affairs he does not allow his party fealty to influence the judicious exercise of his right of franchise. He is popular in a social and business way, and is prominently identified with the Milwaukee, Deutscher and Country clubs, the United States Infantry Association, the Military Service Institute, the American National Red Cross Society, the National Guard Association of Wisconsin, the Wisconsin State Rifle Association, the Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States, the Milwaukee Automobile Club, the Wisconsin State Automobile Association and the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association of Milwaukee, being a member of the legislative committee of the last-named organization. He has also been a member of the charter convention and chairman of the track elevation committee of that body. On Dec. 10, 1901, General Falk was happily married to Miss Elizabeth A. Vogel, a daughter of Fred Vogel, Jr., and his wife, Louise (Pfister) Vogel, of Milwaukee. To General and Mrs. Falk was born, on: