Milwaukee County, Wisconsin - The whole text, 1909 (part 14 of 35)

Louis Nuesse, the secretary of the Rockwell Manufacturing Company, was born in Milwaukee, on April 6, 1867, a son of Gustav and Christine (Freihube) Nuesse, both parents being natives of Germany. The father, who was born in Hanover, Germany, came to Milwaukee in 1848, and was for many years traveling representative of the old crockery firm of Mueller & Schickel, on East Water street. He died in January, 1900. The mother came to this country with her parents in 1852 and died in January, 1905. Louis Nuesse, the subject of this review, was reared in the Protestant faith, receiving his education in St. John's parochial school, which was supported by the members of "the old brown church," corner of Fourth and Prairie streets. Leaving school before he was quite thirteen years of age, he entered the employ of a wholesale millinery concern as errand boy. He was later with the Cornillie Bros. Co., corner of Washington and Barclay streets, and in 1887 entered the employ of the then Sanger, Rockwell & Co., which later was made a stock company and for many years has been known as the Rockwell Manufacturing Company. Several years after this he was made a director in the company, and on the death of H. H. Rockwell was elected to the office of secretary, which position he now holds. Mr. Nuesse is a member of the Merchants' & Manufacturers' Association, also of the Athletic Club. On May 4, 1899, he was united in marriage to Miss Ida Werner, daughter of Valentine and Emily (Klug) Werner, early German arrivals in Milwaukee. Mr. Nuesse's wife died Feb. 15, 1907, as did also his daughter. Three boys, Louis, Jr., Elmer, and Arthur, survive with the father.

Herbert P. Bradley, of Wauwatosa, is a native of New York state, having been born in Oswego on March 29, 1863. His parents were Frederick C. and Maria J. (Parker) Bradley, natives of England, who were there married and came to America in i860, settling first in Prince Edward's Island, and coming from that place to New York. The family removed to Milwaukee in 1870, and here the children were reared and educated. One son, older than Herbert P., Harry E. Bradley, is a leading physician of Milwaukee, and was surgeon major during the Spanish-American war. After leaving the public schools Herbert attended the academy., and later took a course in the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee, and was employed as clerk in the E.

Norman L. Kneeland Biographical 387

P. Allis works for eight years. Coming to Wauwatosa he engaged in the real estate business for about two years, and since 1894 has been town clerk, now serving his eighth term, and is also health officer of Wauwatosa. In polities he is a Republican, and in his religions faith a member of the Episcopal church. In February, 1885, Mr. Bradley was married to Miss Marian S. Dillingham,, daughter of Dr. A. \\\ and Charlotte H. (Stewart) Dillingham, of Milwaukee, and they have two children: Edith M. and Helen C.

William von Baumbach, born July 9, 1835, at Kircheim, Prussia, came to America with his parents in 1849, an^ locating in Cleveland, Ohio, lived there for seven years. The father, Louis von Baumbach, was born in Kircheim, Prussia, in 1799. His mother, nee Minna von Schenk, was born in Buchenau, Prussia. Of the family of eight children - six boys and two girls - all except Clothilda, the youngest, were born in Prussia, the last-born being a native of Elyria, Ohio. They are in the order of birth : Ernst, Moritz,. William, Frederick, Lillian, Charles, Reinhardt, and Clothilda. Previous to coming to Milwaukee, William had been employed as clerk in stores in Elyria and in Cleveland, but in 1856, in company with two older brothers, he came to Milwaukee and started for himself in the nursery business. He was very successful in his business operations, and in 1898 retired from the cares of commercial life and built a beautiful home in Wauwatosa, where he expects to pass his declining years. He was united in marriage in 1868 to Miss Susan Brooks, daughter of Sheldon and Salome (Ware) Brooks, who was born in Canton, N. Y., in 1843. The father was a native of Highgate, Vt., and the mother of Broom, Canada. Mrs. von Baumbach was one of a family of nine children - four sons and five daughters - as follows : Achsa, Clinton, Ellen, Susan, Olive, Merrab, Lemuel, Gilbert and Goodloe. To Mr. and Mrs. von Baumbach one daughter, Lillian, has been born, and she is the wife of Edwin Coulthard. Mr. von Baumbach is a supporter of the Republican party.

Norman L. Kneeland, deceased, of Wauwatosa, was born on Feb. 6, 1832, at Bergen, Genesee county, N. Y. The family history is a most interesting one and has been prepared with great care by Hon. Stillman Foster Kneeland, LL. D., judge advocate general of the state of New York and the author of a number of standard legal works. Family legends run back to the Vikings who overran Europe in the Tenth century, but authentic history begins with Alexander Kneland, born about 1225, who lived in Gowrie, Scotland, and the Knelands acquired their first coat of arms - a hare with a hunting horn suspended from its neck, and as a crest, a falcon upon a mailed hand, with two greyhounds for supporters - as hereditary foresters to the ancient Earls of Douglas. The later coat of arms, which was brought to this country by the first of that family, was bestowed on Maj. W'illiam Kneland, or his son, Capt. John Kneland,, and is described in heraldic terms as "He bearest Sable ; a Lyon rampant, Or, holding in his Dexter paw an Escutcheon, Argent charged with a cross," and carries the motto, " A cruce et ferro corona." This was a mark of favor from Mary, Queen of Scots, of whom Maj. Kneland was an ardent supporter. The name in the earliest known form, Kneland, is, in

England and Scotland, variously spelled Kneland, Cleland, Knells, Kineiland, Newlands, Neelands and Neylands, whose relationship may be traced by the similarity of their coats of arms. After the establishment of the family in this country certain branches adopted the phonetic spelling, and we find that Neeland, Neland, Nealand, Neiland, Nelan, Nealan and Neyland,, were all variations of the spelling of the same name, adopted by some of the descendants of Edward Kneeland - the Edward who fought in King Philip's war writing his name "Edward Neland." The genesis of the family in this country is found in the descendants of John and Edward Kneeland, brothers, who came about 1630, the former settling in Boston and the latter in Ipswich. They belonged to the twelfth generation from Alexander Kneland, the line being as follows: (1) Alexander, (2) James, (3) John, (4) John, (5) John, (6) William, (7) William, (8) Alexander, (9) James, (10) William, (11) John, (12) Edward. Norman L. Kneeland, of this sketch, is a descendant of Edward, the American line continuing as follows: (13) Edward, (14) Benjamin, (15) Isaac, (16) David, (17) David, (18) Sylvester. W., (19) Norman L. Edward (13) was born in Ipswich in 1640, and died in the same place in 171 1. He was a soldier in King Philip's war. Benjamin (14), from whom two-thirds of all the Kneelands now in America are probably descendants, was born in Ipswich, July 7, 1679, and died in Hebron, Conn., in February, 1743. Isaac (15) was born at Hebron, Conn., May 15, 1716, and married, first, Sarah Beach; second, Content Rowley, a descendant of Edward Fuller, who came to America in the Mayflower. He fought in the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. David (16), son of the second marriage, was born at Hebron, Conn., April 23, 1752, and married his cousin, Mercy Kneeland, the latter a descendant on the maternal side of the Pepoon (originally Pepin) family, descended from Louis I, and among the French Protestants who fled from France to escape religious persecution. It was after one of the three brothers of this name, who came to America, that Lake Pepin, an expansion of the Mississippi river between Wisconsin and Minnesota, was named. David died on Feb. 24, 1834, and his wife on Jan. 9, 1834. David (17) was born at Marlboro (formerly Hebron), Conn., Aug. 23, 1772; married Statira Williams, a descendant of Thomas Williams, who came over in the Mayflower, and of Rev. John Robinson, out of whose church came the original "Puritans." Sylvester W. (18) was born on May 27, 1803, at Hartford, Conn., and died in Eagle Harbor, N. Y., May 26, 1875. At a very early age he was taken by his parents to western New York and spent practically all of his life in that vicinity, mostly in Genesee and Livingston counties. He married April 5, 1827, his step-sister, Sarah Hannah, and they bought a farm in Bergen, Genesee county, where the three older children were born. In 1832 they removed to Barre, Orleans county, where the younger children were born, and which is now owned and occupied by their great-grandchildren. Mr. Kneeland was a successful farmer, an excellent business man, and for some time a justice of the peace. There were eight children in the family as follows: Almira, born July 1, 1828, married Arnold Gregory and died

June 16, 1881 ; David, born July 28, 1830, died Feb. 13, 1849; Norman L., of this sketch; Moses J., born Aug. 30, 1833, died Oct. 23, 1851 ; Sarah J., born Jan. 16, married Henry S. Danolds, died Dec. 22, 1875. James Pierson, born Feb. 27, 1838, married Alice Peaslee; Sylvester Hanna, born April 20, 1840, unmarried; Ella A., born March 27, 1846, married Arnold Gregory. The three last-named are all of this family who are now living. Norman L. Kneeland received his education at Knowlesville, Albion Academy and Genesee College, and after reaching manhood engaged in manufacturing business in St. Catherine, Canada, remaining there three years, and then removed to Orleans county, N. Y., from which place he entered the military service, shortly after the breaking out of the Civil war, as a member of Company D, One Hundred and Fifty-first New York volunteer infantry. His regiment was assigned to garrison duty at Baltimore, Md., but after a year of service he was incapacitated for duty by a serious illness and was discharged for physical disability. In November, 1865, he decided to go west, and started by way of the great lakes for Milwaukee, Wis., locating after his arrival on a farm of ninety acres about two miles from the city. The property had been owned by his father and uncle for some fifteen years, but he purchased it, soon afterward built a comfortable home and resided therein until 1889, when he sold the place to the park commissioners of Milwaukee, and it became a part of the beautiful Washington Park. Mr. Kneeland then retired from active work, and built a handsome residence in Wauwatosa, which his widow now occupies. On March 11, 1856, Mr. Kneeland was united in marriage to Miss Carrie A. Baker, daughter of Otis and Laura (Burnham) Baker, of Albion, N. Y. Mrs. Kneeland was born near Medina, in Orleans county, N. Y., in 1839. Her father was a farmer by vocation; was a native of Massachusetts, and a soldier of the war of 1812. To Mr. and Mrs. Kneeland the following children were born : Ella A., born Jan. 7, 1857, at St. Catherine, Canada; Otis Sylvester, born Aug. 5, 1859, at Eagle Harbor, N. Y.; married Margaret Frame and they have had a family of seven children; David M., born Feb. 28, 1861, at Eagle Harbor, N. Y., married Cornelia Buttles, of Milwaukee (Otis and David both reside at Lewiston, Mich.) ; Anna M., born July 29, 1864, at Eagle Harbor, N. Y., married Charles A. Carpenter and resides at Faribault, Minn. ; Sarah L., born March 9, 1866, married William A. Godfrey, and resides in Wauwatosa; Rose B., born Aug. 19, 1872, is now the wife of Morris Ives, of Chicago; James Ralph, born July 11, 1880, resides at home with his mother, as does also the oldest daughter, Ella A.; Frank, born April 19, 1883, at Milwaukee, died on Aug. 10, 1883. Mr. Kneeland was a member of the Methodist church, a supporter of the Republican party, and had served for some time in the city council, being president of that body at the time of his death, Dec. 23, 1900. He was a man of sterling character, and wide influence, and in his death the community suffered a loss which it will be difficult to replace. Gen. Stillman F. Kneeland. in his summing up of the family characteristics, says : "Strong of constitution, religious, combative, self-opinionated, honest, temperate, too much given to hospitality and humanity to be over-frugal or over-rich, yet withal independent, mirthful, happy, intensely desirous of the goodwill of others, always holding to a good-will of themselves (or as the Scotch put it, having a great 'conceit of themselves'), hopeful, goodnatured, always inspiring hope and cheer in others - these are the tendencies of the race, however much they may differ in the individual." These leading characteristics he sees expressed in the coat of arms as "Nobility, designated by the fact of a coat of arms ; strength and courage, shown by the lion rampant, and Christianity by the cross." In these particulars Mr. Kneeland was a characteristic descendant of his long line of noble ancestors, and another proof of the influence of heredity upon a man's life and achievements.

Luther A. Warren, deceased, late of Wauwatosa, was born at Grafton, Mass., March 31, 1834, and died on Jan. 6, 1903. His parents were Jonathan and Livinia (Damon) Warren, the former born in Massachusetts on Feb. 4, 1810, and the latter was a native of New Hampshire. The father came to Wisconsin in 1839,. when Milwaukee was a little village and most of the surrounding country was a forest wilderness. He took up a homestead in the town of Wauwatosa, just across the street from the present residence of Mrs. Luther Warren, and there spent the remainder of his life, dying in 1877. Luther A. was only five years of age at the time of the removal of the family to the west, and was reared in Wauwatosa, obtaining his education in the village schools, and graduating from the high school. He remained on his father's farm, assisting in the work of the place until his marriage when he was twenty-four years of age, then going to Milwaukee and entering the insurance business which he followed for twenty-seven years. The later years of his life he spent at Wauwatosa, superintending the work of the old homestead until his death. On Jan. 11, 1859, he was married to Miss Anna L. Hoppin, daughter of Richard and Lydia (Potter) Hoppin, of Providence, R. I., and the children born to them are : Clara, wife of Charles G. Wade, of Wauwatosa; Helen, wife of W. R. Nethercut, also of Wauwatosa; and Frances, wife of Harold W. Nicholson, deceased, late of Milwaukee. Mr. Warren was a Republican in his political beliefs and a member of the Congregational church. He was a worthy representative of the stanch New England families who came westward in such numbers in the late thirties and the forties, and whose influence in the laying of the foundations of this comonwealth are so marked. He was a man widely known in his section of the state, and as widely esteemed.

Reuben Mahler, a prosperous citizen of Milwaukee, who is engaged in the fur business, was born in Roumania, Nov. 1, 1881, being the son of Gershaw and Lecia Mahler, who were born in the same country in 1858 and 1866, respectively. His parents immigrated to the United States and settled in Milwaukee in 1895. His father is a painter by trade and since coming to the city has continued to work at this trade. Reuben, our subject, was educated in the public schools of his native country until he was fourteen vears of a^e and then came to America with his parents. From that time he attended the public schools of Milwaukee and learned the English language. After finishing school he learned the painter's trade with his father, but did not care to become a painter and served his apprenticeship as a furrier with Savitsky. He was then employed by Hansen's Fur Factory and also Wallace Smith Company, later employed by the Russia Tanning and Fur Company as foreman, and he learned the business most thoroughly. While working for the last named firm he accumulated a sufficient capital to establish himself in business, and early in 1908 opened a fur establishment of his own, where he has met with remarkable success. Mr. Mahler is a self-made man and his present success is the reward of tireless industry, attention to detail and a successful effort to please his patrons. In politics he is a Republican and a stanch supporter of the principles of that party. With his family he is a member of the Jewish Temple. In 1902 occurred his marriage with Miss Rose Stockland, and one child has come to bless their union: Jennie, aged four years. Mr. Mahler is secretary of the Krauken Unterstitzung Verein, the Roumania Congregation. Mr. Mahler is a provident man and carries insurance in the Phcenix Mutual Life Insurance Company and the Prudential Insurance Company of America.

Albert S. Dahl, who owns and operates one of the largest plumbing establishments of the West Side at 1613 State street, is a native of Iceland, born there on Dec. 6, 1869, the son of Albert and Gertrude Dahl, who were born in Iceland in 1835. His father was a carpenter, who immigrated to the United States in 1876 and located in Milwaukee. Albert, the subject of this sketch, was given the benefits of the scholastic training of the Milwaukee public schools and then was associated with the White Hill Sewing Machine Company, but severed his connection with that firm to accept a more congenial one with the A. P. Allis Company. Mr. Dahl was ambitious and not contented to remain an employee for any length of time. He learned the plumber's trade, and after working at it for some time established himself in business at his present location in 1902, where he has successfully continued. He has built up a good trade by fair dealing, strict attention to business and a desire to please his patrons and now conducts one of the most substantial establishments in the neio-hborhood. Mr. Dahl is a self-made man and owes his success to his own efforts, his natural ability, integrity and unceasing efforts. On April 22, 1896, he was united in marriage with Miss Elfrida Rupp, of Milwaukee. They have two children: Laurine, aged eleven; and Evelyn, who is eight. Mr. and Mrs. Dahl are members of the Reformed Lutheran church, in which they are willing workers. Mr. Dahl is a firm advocate of the principles of the Republican party and is affiliated with the Masonic Order, being a thirty-second degree Mason, and of Tripoli Temple. Noble of the Mystic Shrine; also a member of the Knights of the Maccabees.

Gustav Merten, one of the popular dry goods merchants of Milwaukee, was born in Germany on Oct. 10, 1859, the son of Edward and Josepha Merten, both natives of the same country. The elder Merten immigrated to America and located in Milwaukee, where he still lives. Gustav Merten, the subject of this review, received his primary education in the public schools of Germany, near Carlsbad, Austria, one of the famous old towns of Europe. He left home and attended a business school where he learned the tailor's trade and then took a course in the cutting school in order to command a better position. The opportunities offered in a new country appealed to him and he left his native land for America. Soon after landing in the United States he came to Milwaukee, and in 1884 became cutter for a wholesale cloak house on Broadway. In 1887 he established himself in business and for a year was on Reed street, before he moved to his present location, 518-520 Sixth avenue, where he conducts one of the leading dry goods stores of the district. Mr. Merten is a self-made man and his success in his chosen occupation is a result of his own industry, fair dealing and an effort to cater to the demands of his customers. He is a Republican in politics and is affiliated with the Sons of Hermann, and is trustee of that organization for the state of Wisconsin ; the United Order of Foresters ; Harmony Lodge, No. 142, Free and Accepted Masons; the Gegenseitige Unterssuetzungs Gesellschaft Germania Society, and the South Side Turners. In 1886 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Merten and Miss Bertha Watka, the daughter of William Watka ; they have become the parents of four children : William,. Clara, Hilda and Walter, who have all been reared in Milwaukee.

Benjamin F. Parker, member of Grand Army of the Republic Post, No. 1, at Milwaukee, Wis., and also a member of the Loyal Legion, Wisconsin Commandery, was born on July 27, 1839, at Conneautville, Pa. His father and mother, Ledyard P. and Hannah (Thompson) Parker, had four children, of whom he is first in order of birth, the others being David, Mary and Jane. The father died in Meadville, Pa., about the close of the war and the mother is a resident of Mauston, Wis. In the paternal line Mr. Parker traces himself to early stock in the history of the country ; his mother was of French-American birth, her father belonging to the latter and her mother to the former nationality. The son attended the schools of Meadville until he was eleven, when he entered the Meadville Academy. In 1853 he went to Waukesha county, Wis., to live with an uncle, who initiated him into a knowledge of the business of a carpenter and builder. His uncle removed to Waushara county, where he lived until he enlisted, in April, 1861, at Milwaukee, and was mustered into the "Wisconsin Rifles," which was assigned to the Second infantry as Company K. The regiment went from rendezvous at Camp Randall in the latter part of June to Washington and was assigned to Tyler's division in Sherman's brigade. Mr. Parker was in the action at Bull Run, and was a participant in the experiences of the Second, which entailed all the credit of bravery on the rank and file and left the officers where the officers left the command in action. After returning to Arlington Heights, Company K drilled for artillery service, there being a scarcity in that branch, and the company became Battery A, First Wisconsin heavy artillery. It was assigned to duty at Fort Cass, there passed the winter of 1861-2, and in the following summer Mr. Parker, in his capacity of corporal, was selected to drill new recruits, arriving in response to the call for additional 300,000 troops. He was afterward with the hattery at Fort Ellsworth in garrison duty in defense of Washington. He was promoted to sergeant and, with two others of the same rank, received orders to proceed to Wisconsin on recruiting service for three batteries for the battalion, of which the First was to be the nucleus. Mr. Parker was stationed at La Crosse and he enlisted what was afterward assigned as Battery C, being made Second Lieutenant of the command. The battery was mustered at Milwaukee in October and ordered in November to report to General Thomas at Chattanooga, Tenn. He was in command of the battery through the fighting at Chattanooga, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain and all the service through which the troops there passed, his proficiency in military matters placing him at the head in emergencies. He passed the winter of 1863-4 m garrison duty, and performed the same until the spring of 1865, holding and guarding the position, it being the base of supplies and consequently the object of Confederate attack, and the situation was, until the arrival of Hooker from the East, filled with danger, the river being low and the troops insufficient to guard it. At the date mentioned the battery was sent to Athens, Tenn., and later to Strawberry Plains. During the summer he was detailed for duty on the general court martial at Greenville, Tenn., and in the fall, in September, 1865, reported at Nashville for muster-out. He was promoted at Chattanooga to junior first lieutenant in 1864, and in the spring of 1865 to senior first lieutenant. While at Chattanooga he was a member of the Council of Administration. On his return to Wisconsin he settled at Mauston and engaged in the sale of furniture with O. F. Temple, their relations being severed in 1873. While residing at Mauston he joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, and in 1873 was made Grand Secretary of Wisconsin, holding that position for twentyseven years. At the meeting of the Grand Lodge at Toronto, in May, 1885, he was made Right Worthy Grand Secretary of the World and has been re-elected since that date. In 1881 he was elected Secretary of the Good Templars' Mutual Benefit Association and is still the incumbent of that position. He is managing editor of the International Good Templars' Magazine, a journal devoted to the interests of the society throughout the world, and which is published at Milwaukee. Mr. Parker has held a commission in the Wisconsin National Guards since 1869; ne formed a company at Mauston, in which he held the various ranks and was commissioned major of the Third battalion in 1881. In 1883 he was commissioned lieutenantcolonel and was called into service with the Third regiment during the Spanish- American war. He is now retired. He has taken all the degrees of the Masonic order, including the thirty-second. He belongs to La Fayette Lodge, to Calumet Chapter, and Ivanhoe Commandery, all in Milwaukee, and to the Wisconsin Consistory, thirtysecond degree at Milwaukee, and to the Mystic Shrine. He was a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen and served two years as Grand Master. He has attended every meeting of the

Grand Lodge since its organization. Air. Parker is a member of the Independent Order of Foresters, and held the position of High Chief Ranger for ten years, ending in June, 1905. In political affiliation he was always a Republican until recently he has acted with the Prohibitionists. His marriage to Lucille W., daughter of H. G. and Lvdia A. (Combs) Penniman, occurred at Mauston on Feb. 3, 1868. Their only child is named Addie M., and she is the wife of Col. G. H. \\ "indsor, of Superior, Wis. They have one daughter, Miss Helen Lucile.

Henry Gilman Rogers, deceased, late a prominent business man of Milwaukee, Wis., and a member of E. B. Wolcott Post, No. 1, Grand Army of the Republic, was born April 28, 1841, in Milwaukee. He completed his education at Beloit College,, and, a few months after attaining his majority, entered the military service of his country. The progress of the war during the first year of its existence had brought to reflective,, prescient men the conviction that the movement of the South, at first regarded as something like impetuosity, which would cool in a few months, had method in its madnesSj and that a question as important as the founding of the republic was at the fore for settlement and must be met. Probably the history of enlistment in the summer of 1862 would make the most remarkable showing: of the real character of American citizenship and its responsibilities that could be brought forward. Every interest in the country was in peril ; all that had been accomplished and all the promise of the future hung in the balance when the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin enrolled, organized and hastened to the front. Mr. Rogers enlisted Aug. 13, 1862, and on the organization of Company B, Twenty- fourth Wisconsin, was made a corporal. Bragg was marauding northern Kentucky and the regiment moved southward to participate, in a little more than a month after leaving the state, in the battle of Perryville. They chased the fleeing Confederates and returned afterward to Nashville to prepare for further activities, which they encountered at Stone's River. Corporal Rogers distinguished himself on the field and was made sergeant during the action. In May, 1863, he was promoted to orderly sergeant and passed the successive months on the march to and in the vicinity of Chattanooga and Chickamauga, until the battle of Sept. 19, in which he received five wounds. Two bullets struck his right arm, and almost immediately afterward an explosive shot cut away the second and third fingers of the left hand ; a buckshot hit the same hand and severed the cords of the little finger, holding its position in the hand for two months, and finally working itself out. A minie-ball took off the first joint of the first finger of the same hand. He was hit ten different times during his term of service, but paid no attention to the near approach of the deadly missiles. One bullet plougbed through the top of his bead gear, cutting off the hair from his head along its track, and a shot struck his right cheek on the facial bone; one shot hit his gun, glanced and struck his lip with little injur\-. and, although several other missiles came in his way to remind him of Confederate civilities, he received such slight results that he did not heed them. After the battle of Chickamauga he went remained in the hospital until Oct. 8, [863, when he rode sixty miles over the mountains to Stevenson, Ala., to return to Wisconsin on a sixty-day furlough, his arm resting- on a pillow during the ride. The scarcity of supplies was felt by the wounded and suffering in the hospitals as well as among the troops awaiting help at Chattanooga, and his strong desire to reach some point where he could receive proper care and food caused him to take the risks of his journey, the aggravation resulting from its severity making necessary an extension of his furlough to ninety days, during which he was under treatment. He had been offered the position of lieutenant-colonel of the Thirtyfifth Wisconsin by Governor Lewis, but his wounded condition prevented his acceptance. He was unable to rejoin his regiment., and was mustered out Jan. 2J, 1864, at Madison, having been commissioned lieutenant of Company B, Twenty-fourth Wisconsin, to date from Nov. 2$, 1863. In addition to the actions named, Mr. Rogers was in the scrimmages at Guy's and Hoover's Gaps. After his return to Milwaukee, he engaged as soon as sufficiently recovered, in the real estate business, which he afterward prosecuted. He always maintained his interest in the military affairs of Wisconsin and was made lieutenant-colonel of the First regiment, National Guard, during the administration of Governor Ludington. He was also made major of the Fourth battalion (Fourth Milwaukee, National Guard). As soon as the order of the Grand Anny of the Republic was organized in Wisconsin, on Oct. 10, 1866, he connected himself with Post Phil H. Sheridan, No. 9, of which he was commander, and also served in other positions. The post surrendered its charter, and in 1880 he became a charter member of E. B. Wolcott Post, No. 1. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest members in the state and country, and wras always actively connected with the affairs of the order. In 1874 he was assistant quartermaster-general of the Wisconsin Department, junior vice-commander in 1875, senior vicemander in 1876, and was made department commander in 1877, thus holding the positions in regular secmence, and his is the only instance of regular advancement in the state. His wife, one of the most prominent women in the order of the Woman's Relief Corps in Wisconsin, was made department president in 1886, and re-elected in 1887. Through her administration new life was infused into the auxiliary of the Grand Army by her energetic activity and unflagging efforts to advance the material interests of the organization. Many new corps were added to the general body, and she organized and systematized the workings of the department in a manner which has been felt far beyond her personal administration. She is a woman who never does anything with which she is connected in a half-way manner or with half-heartedness ; and consecpiently her influence is always felt. It is impossible, in a sketch like this, to do full justice to the value of Major and Mrs. Rogers to the Department of Wisconsin. Mrs. Rogers is a member of the National Pension Committee of the Woman's Relief Corps, and was its secretary in 1889. Her activities in the charitable avenues of the order have never ceased,, and at successive conventions she receives recognition in her work by appointment to such positions as best give opportunity for benefit to the needy in the Grand Army. James H. Rogers, father of Mr. Rogers, who traced his ancestry back to the settlers on the Atlantic seaboard in an early period, went from Keesville, N. Y., to Milwaukee in 1836. He bought government lands, which he held, and which have greatly increased in value in the rise of property in the city. He married Sophia Emily Fletcher, who belonged to the family of the wife of Daniel Webster, and was born at Alsted, N. H. In his father's line he was of Quaker extraction, and her forebears on her mother's side were soldiers in the Revolution and the War of 1812. Five hundred of her family were Union officers in the Civil war. Charles D. Rogers, brother of Mr. Rogers, enlisted in the Fifteenth Wisconsin infantry, and was quartermaster-sergeant of the regiment until his discharge for disability ; he was afterward made second lieutenant of Company B, Twenty-fourth Wisconsin, promoted to first lieutenant, and mustered out as captain of his company. Alexander H. and Jacob Rogers, cousins, were non-commissioned officers in Company D, Twenty-fourth Wisconsin. Oscar Gregory, another cousin, enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Indiana, and led his regiment home as colonel, having reached that position from the ranks. Frank H. Fletcher, another cousin, was a major and paymaster in the war. The marriage of Mr. Rogers and Laura Gertrude Butler took place Oct. 11, 1864, and they have two children: Laura Butler and William Henry. Rose died in infancy and Charles Edward when less than two years old. William and Lydia Ann (Squiers) Butler, the parents of Mrs. Rogers, were born respectively in Pittsfield, Vt., and Rutland, Vt. One of the great uncles of Mrs. Rogers, in the maternal line, was of the disguised party that made tea in Boston harbor, and several others of the same generation fought in the Revolution and in 181 2. Henry Gilman Rogers died at Oconomowoc Lake,. Wis., on June 17, 1908.

Richard Schmidt, a deputy in the clerk's office of Milwaukee county, is a native of Pomerania, Germany, where he was born on March 6, 1870, a son of John H. and Frederica Schmidt, both born in Pomerania. The father served three years in the German army, and in 1874 came with his family to the United States. He located in Milwaukee, where he has been for many years engaged in the grocery business, and where he and his wife are still living. Of their two children Frank is associated with his father in business and Richard is the subject of this sketch. Richard Schmidt was educated in the public schools of Milwaukee and the Lutheran parochial schools, and began his business career as a bell boy in the old Kirby House. Subsequently he was assistant surveyor for one year; was cashier in a dry goods house; was engaged in the gents' furnishing goods business for a time, and then became a guard at the House of Correction. In 1895 he left this position to become a deputy under August F. Zentner, then county clerk, and has continued in the office under different administrations until the present time. Politically Mr. Schmidt is a Republican, and his religious affiliations are with the German Lutheran church of the Missouri synod. On May 21, 1893, Mr. Schmidt married Miss Bertha, daughter of William A. and Johanna (Strey) Plautz, of Milwaukee, and to this marriage have been born three children, viz. : Herman, Charlotte and Alfonse, all living. Mr. Schmidt's long connection with the affairs of the clerk's office has made him an efficient official, and his uniformly courteous treatment of all patrons of the office has made him deservedly popular with the people.

Frank O. Phelps, county clerk of Milwaukee county, was born at Laona, Chautauqua county, N. Y., June 1, 1848, a son of Lawson P. and Eleanor B. (Gordon) Phelps. The father was born in New York state in 1819, his ancestors having come from England during the Colonial epoch. He was a carpenter and joiner and died on Oct. 3, 1857. The mother was born in 1822, at Sinclairville, Chautauqua county, N. Y., and died on March 9, 1900, at Beaver Dam, Wis. They were "the parents of eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch and his sister Kate, now the widow of Adelbert G. Stocking, of Milwaukee, are the only survivors, and the only ones that reached years of maturity. Frank O. Phelps received his elementary education in the common schools of his native state and upon arriving at manhood became a bridge-builder. He came west to engage in that occupation, attended Wayland University at Beaver Dam, Wis., and after leaving college was for some time engaged in farming in Dodge county, Wis. He then embarked in the mercantile line, and from 1874 to 1895 was a traveling salesman with headquarters in Milwaukee. For the next two years he was a solicitor for a life insurance company, and in 1897 became assistant secretary of the Republican county committee, which position he held until 1905. In 1902 he was elected county clerk,, and has since been twice re-elected. Mr. Phelps has been an active political worker for many years, stands high in the councils of the Republican party, and his repeated elections to the responsible office he now occupies is a well deserved recognition of his fidelity to the cause of his party and his fitness for the position. He is a member of Independence Lodge, No. 80. ; Wisconsin Chapter, No. 7, Royal Arch Masons ; Wisconsin Commandery, No. i, Knights Templar; and a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the "Porch Climbers" ; and his church connections are with the Christian Scientists. He is universally esteemed for his genial disposition. On Nov. 15, 1869, Mr. Phelps was united in marriage to Miss Celia S. Hyland, daughter of Amasa Hyland, one of the early settlers of Wisconsin, well-known in pioneer days, and the owner of several thousand acres of land. To this marriage were born two children : Maud who died single on May 21, 1890, and Hugh G., an electrician of Milwaukee. Mrs. Celia S. Phelps died on Dec. 2. 1892, and the following year Mr. Phelps married Mrs. Belle J. Miter, nee Rose, a daughter of Henry Rose, of Princeton, Milwaukee county. No children have been born to this second marriage.

Carl Otto Broecker, chief clerk in the county clerk's office of Milwaukee county, was born at Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia, Germany, July 10, 1849. His father, Robert Broecker, was born at Barmen, a city just across the Wupper river from Elberfeld, and the mother was a native of Elberfeld. Both passed their lives in their native land, where the father was a banker and an influential citizen. They had four children, of whom Robert died in infancy; Carl Otto is the subject of this sketch ; Laura is the wife of Julius Ehlers, a retired manufacturer of Geneva, Switzerland, and Hedwig is the wife of Dr. Mueller, a professor in the Real Gymnasium, of Elberfeld. C. Otto Broecker was educated in the Real school of his native city and left school, after having passed the examination, to serve for one year in the army instead of the usual three years' term. This year he passed as a volunteer member of the Second company, Second regiment, Imperial foot guards, after which he served as an officer in the Franco-Prussian war, being promoted for meritorious conduct on the field. He was mustered out and honorably discharged in 1871, and spent some time in traveling through European countries, particularly France, Belgium and England. He arrived in this country on March 17, 1872, and for some time was engaged in prospecting for minerals in Colorado and other western states. Returning to New York via Omaha, Cincinnati, and Baltimore, he became bookkeeper for the Empire Wringer Company, of Auburn, with which concern he remained for about five years. In June, 1878, he came to Milwaukee, where he became connected with the iron manufacturing business. He was occupied in agricultural pursuits for a time, but returned to office work to accept a position as bookkeeper with Sanger, Rockwell & Co., now the Rockwell Manufacturing Company, which position he held for fifteen years, and since 1899 has held his present position - that of chief clerk in the county clerk's office. Mr. Broecker is a Republican and takes a commendable interest in furthering the interests of his party. He is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of Excelsior Lodge, No. 175; Excelsior Chapter, No. 40, Royal Arch Masons; Kilbourn Council, No. 9; Wisconsin Commandery, No. 1, Knights-Templar; a thirty-second degree member of the Milwaukee Consistory, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and a Noble of Tripoli Temple, A. A. O., Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Oasis of Milwaukee. He is also financial secretary of George H. Walker Council, National Union, and belongs to Security Lodge, Knights of Honor. In 1887 Mr. Broecker married Mrs. Caroline Acker, nee Oswald, a native of Germany, who died in Milwaukee in 1892. By her former marriage she had four children, which were reared and cared for by Mr. Broecker as though they had been his own. Of these children, Eugenia is deceased, John and Edward have a machine and pattern shop at San Pedro, Cal., and Lena is the wife of Frank G. Perrigo, of Seattle, Wash.

Aaron Ivins Comfort, M. D., assistant surgeon at the National Soldiers' Home, Milwaukee, was bom at Penn's Manor. Bucks county, Pa., March 4, 1827, a son of Ellis and Ann (Ivins) Comfort. The father was a teacher and spent his life in educational work. He died in 1832 and his widow survived until i860, when she passed away at the age of sixty-three years. Of their seven children, Dr. Comfort is the only one living. One died at the age of eleven years and all the others after arriving at years of maturity. Dr. Comfort was educated at Williston Seminary. Amherst College, and the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in medicine in the spring of i860, being immediately appointed assistant demonstrator of anatomy in that institution. In 1862 he was commissioned assistant surgeon of volunteers by President Lincoln, and served with the Army of the Cumberland until the close of the war. He was "surgeon-in-charge" of the general hospitals at Columbia, Clarksville, and Nashville, Tenn. lie was at the battles of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone's River and Franklin, as well as in several cavalry engagements, but fortunately escaped injury. At Stone's River, or Murfreesboro, while looking over the held for a wounded officer, Dr. Comfort captured and disarmed a Confederate soldier, bringing him to the Union headquarters as a prisoner of war. He was also present at the battle of Nashville in December, 1864, and was mustered out of the service with the rank of captain on Nov. 3% 1865. He served as acting assistant surgeon after the war until 1892. During this time he was surgeon in charge at Forts Ripley and Randall ; post surgeon at Forts Hayes, Wallace, Lyon, Garland, and what is now known as Fort Crawford; assistant surgeon at Fort Lewis, the cantonment of the army on the north fork of the Canadian river, and of the military prison at Fort Leavenworth, and acting assistant surgeon at Fort Sully and of the Nez Perces Indians - Chief Joseph's band. After thirty years' service in the regular army, he was appointed, on May 1, 1892, to the position of first assistant-surgeon at the National Military Home for disabled veteran soldiers at Milwaukee, where he has since remained. Dr. Comfort is a member of the American Medical Association, the Milwaukee County, Wisconsin State, Milwaukee and Brainard Medical societies, having held the office of president in the last two, and is a member of the alumni association of the University of Pennsylvania for Wisconsin. He has made valuable contributions to the scientific literature of the country, especially along archaeological lines and pertaining to the science of medicine. In recognition of his work of research and in describing various mound-builders' relics, the Minnesota Historical Societv made him an honorary member. Politically Dr. Comfort is a Republican. Although reared as a Friend he belongs to no other religious denomination, but regularly attends the Episcopal services held at the home. He belongs to Independence Lodge, No. 80, Free and Accepted Masons ; Calumet Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; Ivanhoe Commandery, Knights Templars ; Wolcott Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of which he has been surgeon for twelve years, holding that position at the present time (1908), and he is a member of the Wisconsin Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion. On Nov. 2, 1904, Dr. Comfort married Miss Harriet, daughter of David and Amelia (Burnham) Bryant, of Milwaukee.

Capt. William Schroeder, the well-known keeper of the Pier Head Light Station, Milwaukee,, and for many years a sailor before the mast, was born at Hamburg, Germany, June 7. 1844, the sou of

Tony and Magdalena (Woltmann) Schroeder, both of whom were born in the vicinity of Hamburg, and died without leaving their native land. They reared a large family of eight children, of whom two are now living in Milwaukee, and a third child, August, is still presumably living in Germany. William received a fair common school education in his boyhood, and when a lad of only fifteen shipped before the mast as a sailor, a calling he continued to follow until he was fortynine years of age. He sailed the Baltic, Atlantic, and Mediterranean sea, going from Hamburg to Genoa, Italy, and making nearly all the old world ports. He sailed these waters from 1858 to 1869, an<^ in the latter year crossed to the United States and came on west to Milwaukee. Here he shipped as mate on a number of different vessels at various periods during the next ten years, and during the last fourteen years of his life as a sailor, he was master and owner of the sailing schooners "Belle Laurie" and "Guide." In this capacity he did a trading and freighting business on the great lakes until the year 1893, when he sold the "Guide," and on June 22 accepted the post of assistant-keeper at the Pier Head Light Station, Milwaukee. In October,. 1897, he was promoted to the position of keeper and transferred to Green Island, in Green bay, near the port of Menomonee, Mich. He was stationed there until 1899, when he was again transferred to his present station as keeper. The post is a responsible and important one, and Captain Schroeder holds it under the United States civil service rules, which call for a high degree of expert knowledge. Captain Schroeder has a brother, Henry, living in Milwaukee, who is a paint contractor, and who came to the Uinted States two or three years after our subject's arrival in this country. Captain Schroeder is allied with the Republican party in politics, and the various members of his family have always been faithful members of the Lutheran denomination. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and also of the Old Settlers' Club (South Side), in whose proceedings he has always taken a lively interest. He was married on Oct. 7, 1872, to Miss Maria Woltmann, daughter of John H. and Anna (Muenster) Woltmann, of Hamburg, Germany. Of their four children, the two oldest, Amelia and Annie, died in early childhood ; William, Jr., is a painter by trade, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and resides at home with his father; John, the youngest child, is a bridge structural iron worker, a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, and also lives at home with his father. The parents of Mrs. Schroeder both died in Milwaukee, her father in 1896, and her mother on Nov. 20, 1907, at the home of Mrs. Schroeder on the pier.

William C. Spindler, superintendent of the Department of Outdoor Relief of Milwaukee county, has his office at 681-683 Market street, Milwaukee. He is the son of William H. and Christina Spindler, both natives of Germany. They were married in Germany and came to the United States in i860 with their infant son, William C. Mr. Spindler was for many years engaged in the manufacture of carpets and cloth in Waukesha county, which was the home of the family until the death of Mr. Spindler, at the age of fifty-two years.

Biographical 4Oi

His widow is now living at 342 Sixth street, Milwaukee, at the advanced age of eighty years. Two daughters, Mrs. William Hannon and Mrs.- Lena Seybold, and one son, William C, the subject of this sketch, make up the family. William C. was born in Germany on Sept. 22, 1859, came to Wisconsin with his parents,, and attended public school in Waukesha county. For some time he was engaged in farming, but came to Milwaukee about 1886 and was for five years engaged in manufacturing. Since that time he has been secretary of the Waukesha Milk Company. For ten years he has held his present position as superintendent of the department of out-door relief, which furnishes partial support to about 2,000 families, and at some times even a larger number. The office force consists of two assistants, one storekeeper and an ambulance driver. All commitments to the county almshouse, hosiptal and home for dependent children pass through this office. Mr. Spindler is affiliated with the Republican party. His sympathies are with the Lutheran church, although he is not a member of the organization. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias. On Thanksgiving day, 1894, Mr. Spindler was married to Miss Susie Hartkopf, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Hartkopf, of Appleton, Wis. Two children were born to them, Lucy and Edna.

Moses James White, M. D., of Wauwatosa, belongs to a family which has given many members to the medical fraternity. His father, two of his uncles and his brother follow the same profession as himself. His father was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and of the medical college of the University of Edinburgh. Moses White, Sr., M. D., wras a native of Scarva, Ireland, born 181 5,, and his wife, Susan (Wallace) White, was born at Banbridge, Ireland, in 1831, the daughter of a landed proprietor of that place. Dr. M. J. White was born in Hartford, Conn., Feb. 28, i860, and was educated in the graded and high schools of that city, later becoming a student at Princeton University and at La Fayette College, and obtaining his medical education in the medical department of the University of New York City, obtaining his degree in March, 1884. Following his graduation he was the assistant physician in the Manhattan Hospital for the Insane, in New York City, until 1887, and was then assistant physician in the Milwaukee Hospital for the Insane for one year, when he accepted the position of medical superintendent of the same institution, which position he has held up to the present time. He is the professor of mental diseases in the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons, and occupies the same chair in the medical department of Marquette University ; is also the author of many articles on psychiatry, published in the American Journal of Insanity and other periodicals. He is also the author of a series of lectures delivered annually in the colleges mentioned above. Dr. White is one of the leading alienists of the state, his long experience in dealing with the varied forms of mental diseases making him an authority on these subjects. He belongs to the American Medical Association, the American Medico-Psychological Association, the New York Medico- Legal Society, the Wisconsin State Medical Society and the Milwau- kee Medical Society. He is also a member of the Masonic order, Ivanhoe Commandery. In politics he is independent, supporting candidates for office and political principles as they appeal to his judgment and convictions. On Feb. 17, 1886, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Lownes, daughter of George B. and Elizabeth (Post) Lownes, of St. Louis, Mo., and to the union two children have been born. Reginald James was born on May 29, 1887, and Marjorie, born on Jan. 22, 1890, died on April 16, 1897.

Frederick H. Bark, of Wauwatosa, was born in Mecklenberg- Schwerin, Germany, Oct. 28, 1867, and is the third son of John and Sophia (Krull) Bark, both natives of the same place, who came to America with their family in 1880. The son was educated in the German Lutheran schools of the city and resided Avith his parents until he was twenty-one years of age when he went to Chicago where he was engaged in an upholstering establishment for three years. He then went into the furniture store of his brother Ferdinand in the village of Wauwatosa, remaining in the partnership about a year, when he went into business by himself continuing in the same up to the present time. On Nov. 5, 1893, he was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Sieglow, a native of Wauwatosa, and daughter of August and Mary (Heiden) Sieglow, both natives of Mecklenberg-Schwerin, who came to the United States about 1870. They located first in Rochester, N. Y., and after a residence of two years removed to Wauwatosa, where Mr. Sieglow was engaged in quarrying and teaming. In 1878 they located in Mequon, Ozaukee county, living for a short time on a farm. Leaving that place to a son they moved to Cedarburg, in the same county, where they still live, and conduct a farm near the village. To Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Bark six children have been born. The eldest died in infancy and following are the five surviving: Edgar, Frederick H., Laurine,. Harold and Dorothy. Mr. Bark is a Republican in his political faith, but although elected to the position of alderman, has never taken a very active part in politics. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and belongs to the fraternal society Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Bark's long established business, and his honorable methods of dealing with his customers have given him an assured standing in the community in which he resides, and the success which he has won is the result of his own qualifications for business, and admirable traits of character.

Ferdinand Bark, of Wauwatosa, is a native of Mecklenburg, Germanv, and is the oldest son of John and Sophia ('Krull) Bark, natives of the same country. The father came to America in 1880 and located in Milwaukee, later establishing himself in the lumber business. He is now retired from active business life, and with his wife is living on Seventeenth street, Milwaukee. Their four children are Ferdinand, of this sketch, William, a resident of Greenfield avenue, Milwaukee; Frederick elsewhere noticed in this volume, and Minnie, deceased. Mr. Bark, born March 5, 1863, began working for himself at the age of fifteen, learning the art of wood-carving, and continued in this occupation until 1885. -^ that date he went on a farm in partnership with his father-in-law, remaining about three years, and then returned to his occupation of wood-carving for a year. About 1SX5 he opened a furniture store in Wanwatosa, maintaining the same for a period of ten years, and was then appointed assistant superintendent of the poor for Milwaukee, filling the position for four years, and at the end of that time, in 1904, was elected superintendent of the county poor farm, which position he is still occupying. In March. [885, he was married to Miss Minnie Eggert, a native of Germany, and daughter of Frederick and Mary (Rambath) Eggert, residents of Wanwatosa since 1870, but both now deceased. Two children have been born to Mr. Bark and wife: William I\, single and residing with his parents; and Lillian, now the wife of Dr. Norman Hollenbeck. Mr. Bark began his education in his native land, but also attended school for a time in the Second ward school of Milwaukee; his wife was educated in Wauwatosa. They belong to the Lutheran church, and Mr. Bark is found in the political ranks of the Republican party.

George Henry Fowler, retired, was born in Lewis county, N. Y., Aug. 17, 1834. His grandfather was Silas J. Fowler, and his father was George J. Fowler, the latter being born on Aug. 13, 1788, in New York state. He married Anna Maria Williams, born on Jan. 26, 1803, in Cherry Valley, N. Y. They came to Milwaukee in 1842, and there the father opened a general store where the Chicago, Milwauke & St. Paul ticket office now stands. Later he moved to West Water street and opened a shoe store, and subsequently to East Water street where Kenney's shoe store now is. For a time he had a partner by the name of Eley, but later he sold out and retired from business, and in 1854 moved to Wauwatosa, where he lived nine years, and then returned to Milwaukee, locating on Clybourn and Sixth streets, where he died in 1876, his wife having passed away fourteen years earlier (1862) in Wauwatosa. Mr. Fowler was a soldier in the War of 1812, and served under Captain Cook in the defense of Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. He was the father of five children. Of the three now living, George H. of this sketch is the oldest ; Elbert W., now a resident of Chicago, was a lieutenant in the Tenth battery of artillery; Katherine M., now Mrs. George R. Hayden, resides on the corner of Windsor Place and Newhall street, Milwaukee, her husband being a superintendent for the E. P. Allis Company; James, born in 1829, died in 1868; Mary Elizabeth, born in 1832, died in 1849. George H. was educated in the Milwaukee schools, and spent some time in Beloit College, but did not complete the college course. He resided with his parents until he was eighteen years of age and then was employed as a clerk in the drug store of Lake & Williams, and later with Lake & Hopkins,, for a year. He was employed in a similar capacity in the store of John H. Tesh for four years, and in the fall of 1858 opened a drug store in connection with I. M. Morton, where Wright Pros, now are. In 1861 he sold out and moved to a farm located in section 16, town of Wauwatosa, and there spent the next twenty-seven years of his life. In November, T889, he rented the farm, which he still owns, and built the beautiful home in Wauwatosa, where he now lives and where he expects to spend the remainder of his life. On Feb. 10, 1859, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy A. Breed, a native of Wauwatosa and daughter of A. O. T. and Margaret (Shields) Breed, both of New York state. Mr. Breed came from near Syracuse, in 1835, and his wife came one year later. They were married in Wauwatosa and opened the first general store in Milwaukee, on the location later occupied by the well-known firm of Bradley & Metcalf. In 1840 they sold out and went to live on a farm, and lost several thousand dollars - a heavy loss in those days - through the provisions of the bankrupt law. The farm which they occupied is now the site of White City and West Park and was their home until the death of Mr. Breed in September, 1875. His wife,, born in 1818, died in Milwaukee. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. H. Fowler four children were born : Elliot Scott, born on Jan. 4, i860, resides with his father; Lilly Myra, born on May 13, 1864, died on May 3, 1895 ; Roy Edward, born on Feb. 6, 1874, was married on Sept. 6,. 1906, to Miss Clare Porter, of Niagara Falls, where they now live, Mr. Fowler being the chief chemist in a chloride of potash factory; Myron Marshall, born on July 31, 1876, is unmarried and is the electrical engineer with the Western Electrical Company, of Chicago. Both of the younger sons are graduates of the University of Wisconsin, where Roy was employed as an instructor for two years ; later he took a post-graduate course at Cornell.

Thomas H. Wood, one of the oldest and most respected citizens of Milwaukee, was born on a farm in England on Nov. 26, 1821, a son of William and Helen (Whelden) Wood. The father was a farmer by vocation and served in the English army under the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo. His land was part of one of the memorable battle fields of Cromwell's struggle against the English kings and covered the larger part of the field of one of the most decisive battles of that war. Mr. Wood received the limited educational advantages afforded by the paid schools of his native country, and when he had finished the prescribed course he enlisted in the British army and served for a period of twelve months. After coming to this country he located first in Manistee, Mich., and became interested in lumbering. He built the first mill on Bark river, and was a partner of John Stronach, of Manistee. He then went to Mason county, Mich., where he built the first saw-mill in the county. He had been successful in Manistee, and became the manager of four large mills, but the school facilities were inadequate and the company by whom he was employed gave him a change of location in order that he might send his son to school. He came to Milwaukee after seventeen years of a busy career in Michigan and here engaged in the same line of business. When the Civil war broke out he was intensely loyal to the Union cause, and although he could not go himself he helped in many ways in the enlisting of men for service. In 1864, while he was conducting a small grocery and hotel at Elm Grove, Waukesha county, he determined to enlist, becoming a private in Company E of the Forty-Eighth Wisconsin, and was mustered into the United States service in February, 1865. Mr. Wood was offered a lieutenancy in the company, but declined it, and three weeks after his enlistment was made orderly sergeant, a position which he held until mustered out. The regiment saw no active service against the Confederate army but did good work in Kansas and Colorado against the Indians and guerrillas. Company E was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., on Dec. 30, 1865, and Mr. Wood returned to Milwaukee. He again engaged in the lumber and shingle business and conducted it successfully for some time, but subsequently left it to form a partnership with Guy C. Legyard in a grocery firm. After a year he disposed of his interest to his partner, and entered the realty business with a Mr. Neidermann. He had by thrift and industry saved sufficient to purchase several choice lots and buildings, to many of which he still retains the deed. When he retired he had accumulated a small fortune, and the income derived from his property allows him to live in comfort. Reared in the school of hardship and privation he became thoroughly imbued with those qualities of industry and frugality which made so much for his later success. At the present time Mr. Wood is the owner of the beautiful residence where he now resides, the property at the northwest corner of Walker and Barclay streets, the house and lot at 583 Washington street, and twenty-four acres of land in the town of Brookfield, Waukesha county. He also owns the brick building at the corner of Greenfield avenue and Clinton street. He has been rather unfortunate in several financial transactions of recent years, having recently to settle a $12,000 note for six and a half cents on the dollar, and has lost altogether more than $30,000, but still has a sufficient income to keep clear of debt and live comfortably. Mr. Wood was united in marriage on April 20, 1850, to Miss Cornelia J. Parrigo, a native of Vermont and a daughter of Warren H. and Delia Parrigo. Mr. and Mrs. Parrigo came to Milwaukee in 1846, and he owned and operated a ferry crossing the Milwaukee river until the time of his death, which occurred in 1849. His widow passed away in 1867. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood were born two children, the elder of whom, a daughter, died when but three months old. Warren H. Wood, a son, was born in 1852 and was killed in the railroad yards at Freeport, 111., when twenty years of age. The wife and mother never recovered from the shock sustained by the news of his death, and from that time until her demise, which occurred in 1883, she gradually wasted away. Mr. and Mrs. Wood adopted Stella A. McDonald when she was but seven years of age and had her name changed to Mattie C. Wood. She was born in Watertown, Wis., and it is with her that Mr. Wood now makes his home. For several years she was in charge of the ladies' department of the New York Life Insurance Company, and at the present time is traveling in the interest of a medical institution to be located either in Chicago or Milwaukee, and is meeting with great success and encouragement in her efforts. Mr. Wood has long been prominent in fraternal circles, especially in the Masonic order, which no longer calls upon him for dues. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Order of Red Men. Probably nowhere can be found a more striking example of a distinctly self-made man than Mr.

Wood. Coming to this country with no capital but the two and onehalf dollars which he had borrowed and a capacity for work he has made of himself one of the most substantial citizens of the community. He has always been one of the most stanch adherents of the Republican party, and as the representative of that party served three terms as deputy treasurer and one term as treasurer of Mason county, Mich., and twelve years as a member of the common council of the city of Milwaukee.

Paul H. Rupp, M. D., No. 1502 Center street, Milwaukee, is of German antecedents. His paternal grandfather, Louis Rupp, came from Germany to Green Bay, Wis., when he was a boy, and thence came on a sled to Calumet county where he later engaged in the grain business. Subsequently he removed to Chicago, and was in the sash and door business, and was burned out at the time of the great Chicago fire, and died soon after. The maternal grandfather, Philip Altpeter, was also a native of Germany and came to Milwaukee when a young man, being one of the first coopers in the city. He spent the remainder of his life in Milwaukee. The parents of Dr. Rupp are Louis P. and Lillian (Altpeter) Rupp, the former born in Calumet county, Wis., Oct. 19, 1853, and the latter in Milwaukee, Jan. 26, i860. The father was for many years engaged in the drug business in the city, and is now employed as clerk in the office of the state treasurer at Madison. Dr. Rupp attended the public schools of Milwaukee, attaining there an excellent education. His interest in medicine began while in the employ of his father in the drug store and he later decided to study medicine, entering the Milwaukee Medical Collge, in which he was graduated in 1904, and immediately after he began his practice in the city where he was born on Aug. 10, 1881. Although a young man, Dr. Rupp is succeeding well in his chosen profession, and has the prospect of a successful career before him. In politics he is an adherent to the principles of the Republican party, and his professional affiliations are with the American Medical Association, of which he has become a member.

O. W. Williams, D. O., No. 373 First avenue, Wauwatosa, Wis., was born at Marshalltown, Iowa, Feb. 23, 1872, and is the son of Joseph B. and Julia (Taft) Williams, both natives of Ohio, the former born on Sept. 9, 1826, and the latter on Aug. 12, 1846. His father was a private in Company F, One Hundred and Twenty-third Ohio infantry, and served for three years in the Civil war, participating in the battles of Gettysburg, Cedar Creek (where he was wounded). Richmond and Petersburg, serving under Generals Sheridan and Grant. He is now living at Brewster, Minn. Of the seven children born into the family, all are living. Dr. Williams attended the public schools of Worthington, Minn., in his boyhood, and obtained his collegiate training at Buena Vista College, Storm Lake, Pa., and later was graduated at the Milwaukee College of Osteopathy. He began practicing at Lake Geneva, Wis., where he remained for five years, and on Oct. 29, 1904. he came to Milwaukee, where he has built up a very large and successful practice. On Nov. 24. 1898, he was united in marriage to Miss Rose Bateman, daughter of Perry and

Cornelia, (Baker) Bateman, of Northfield, Minn. Their four children are Leah Rose, Dorothy Cornelia. Alma Carrol, and Theodore Harold. In his political affiliations Dr. Williams is a Republican, but has never cared to enter largely into that field of activity. I lis religious faith is that of the Baptist church, and in connection with his professional work he is a member of the American Osteopathic Association, the Wisconsin Osteopathic Association, and the Milwaukee organization of the same school.

Nelson Miles Black, M. D., 690 Summit avenue, was born at Mount Vernon, Jefferson county, Ilk. Jan. 21, 1870, and is the son of John Dick Black, horn at Meadeville, Pa., July 10, 1X41, and Selinda Gibson (Wood) Black, a native of Holly, X. V. The paternal ancestors belonged to the old colonial stock, and served in the Revolutionary war. The parents came west and located in Illinois, and later in Michigan, removing subsequently to North Dakota, where Mr. Black was prominent in the affairs of the state, serving on the state central committee of the Republican party for some time,, and also as register of deeds for eight years. He has now retired from active business life and spends his winters in the south. He was a participant in the Civil war, enlisting in 1861 in the three-months service and later re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Pennsylvania infantry as lieutenant. This regiment participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg, and shared in the pursuit of Lee, in the movements in Virginia and the Mine Run campaign. It was also in the battles of the Wilderness, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor and the assault on Petersburg, and at Deep Bottom, Reams' Station, and Five Forks, and after the grand review at Washington was mustered out at Alexandria, May 31, 1865. Lieutenant Black was later appointed to the position of adjutant and served on the staffs of Gens. Francis C. Barlow and Nelson A. Miles, and while on the staff of the latter was ordered to Fortress Monroe and had charge of the prisoners at that place. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, in his official report of the battle of Reams' Station,, Aug. 24. 1864, says: "Lieutenant Black, acting aide-de-camp, was fearless in his endeavors to press the men forward again after they had broken," and he was recommended by Gen. W. S. Hancock for promotion "for gallantry at Reams' Station." This recommendation was acted upon, and he was breveted captain Dec. 17, 1864. His name also appears elsewhere in the official records of the Civil war, his position as acting assistant adjutant-general devolving upon him important duties and positions. During the Spanish- American war he was appointed major and chief commissary of subsistence and assigned to the staff of General Miles. Dr. Black was educated first in the public schools, and was graduated from the high school of Dowagiac, Mich., and later from the school of pharmacy of the Northwestern University of Chicago, taking his degree in the latter in 1890. Lie then entered the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1894. He began his practice as the house physician at St. Barnabas Hospital of Minneapolis, remaining there for fourteen months, and then spent some time in St. Christopher's Hospital for children in Philadelphia, and also at Will's Eye Hospital in the same city. He came to Milwaukee in 1897,. as assistant-surgeon for Dr. Wurdeman, remaining- one year, and was then appointed first assistant-surgeon with the rank of captain in the First North Dakota infantry, for service in the Spanish-American war, and remained in the military service from April, 1898, until December, 1899. He was recommended by General Lawton for brevet major in the United States army for "conspicuous service on the field of battle at Lapote Bridge, Philippine Islands. Returning to Milwaukee, he resumed his practice, as a specialist in the diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He spent six months doing post-graduate work in Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and London. Dr. Black belongs to the national, state, county and city medical associations, to the Milwaukee Oto-Ophthalmic Club,, the Chicago Oto- Ophthalmic Society, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. In the patriotic societies he belongs to the Sons of the American Revolution, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Military and Naval Order of the Spanish-American War, the Order of Foreign Wars, Milwaukee Commandery, and he has also taken the thirtysecond degree in the Masonic order. In politics he is a Republican. He was united in marriage in 1901, to Miss Erna Leidersdorf, daughter of Bernard and Fanny (Duttenhofer) Leidersdorf, of Milwaukee, and to the union two children have been born : Selenda Frances Louise, and Carl Nelson Bernard.

William R. Kennedy, M. D., No. 130 Thirty-second street, Milwaukee, was born in Appleton, Mo., May 8, 1872. His paternal grandfather, Patrick M. Kennedy,, came to this country from Scotland with his family, locating in Ohio. He was a physician by profession and a man of large means, having owned an estate in Scotland. The maternal grandfather, Milo Butler, was also a physician and practiced in Illinois and Missouri. Two of the sons of the lastnamed, A. H. and Homer Butler, served in the Civil war; one was a bugler and died from lung disease, brought on by strain and exposure. Dr. Kennedy's father, William Stewart Kennedy, was born in Edinburgh in 1850 and came to this country with his parents when a child. He married Ada A. Butler. William R. was educated in the graded and high schools of Shelbina, Mo., and obtained his pre-medical training under the preceptorship of Dr. Hazard, of Anamosa, Iowa, and then entered the homeopathic medical department of the University of Iowa, in which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1895. He began practicing in Greenwood, Wis., remaining about a year and a half, and then removed to Kaukauna, Wis. After three years he returned to Greenwood, practicing there and at Neilsville for about two years. In 1902 he came to Milwaukee, having specialized in the diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat, and taken a post-graduate course of study along those lines in Edinburgh University and London. He is a member of the Wisconsin State, Milwaukee County, and Brainard Medical Societies, and also of the Masonic order, chapter, and council. In politics he is Republican, and is a member of the Congregational church. On Aug. 3, 1901, he was married to Miss Edna J. Mason, of Corning, Iowa, daughter of Rev. Philip H. and Florence H. (Holmes) Mason, of Rockton, 111. They have two children, Florence Marjorie and Ada Janette.

Charles A. Faber, M. D., of 13 13 Forest Home avenue, is a native of Wayne, Washington county, Wis., and was born on April 30, i860, of German parentage. His father, Philip Faber, came to the United States with his parents in 1845. The grandparents, John and Elizabeth Faber, both passed their last days in Washington county. The maternal grandparents came to this country in 1852 and also settled in Washington county. They were farmers. The parents of our subject spent their declining years in the city of Fond du Lac, the father, Philip Faber, dying on Oct. 30, 1899. Their family of six children, four daughters and two sons, are all living. Dr. Faber began his education in the public schools of Wayne, later attended the high school of Fond du Lac, and then entered the Northwestern University (Lutheran) of Watertown, taking the full classical course. After leaving college he entered the drug store of J. C. Huber, of Fond du Lac, remaining there until he passed the state examination in pharmacy, and then went into the drug store of W. J. Brier, of Plymouth, where he was employed for six years. After spending a year in the school of pharmacy at Philadelphia he returned to Plvmouth and resumed the drug business under the firm name of C. A. Faber & Co., W. J. Brier retiring and taking a position in the River Falls Normal School. Later Dr. Faber decided to study medicine, his long experience as druggist having made him familiar with a considerable portion of the work of preparation, and he entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, was graduated in 1897, and in July of the same year he began the practice of his profession in Milwaukee, where he has been ever since, meeting with large success in his chosen work. He belongs to the American Medical Association, and to the Wisconsin State, Milwaukee County, and Milwaukee Medical Societies, and to the Brainard Medical Society. He is a member of the Lutheran church, and in political matters gives his support to the Republican party. On Oct. 12, 1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Borngesser, daughter of Andrew and Caroline (Thomas) Borngesser, of Milwaukee. Of the two children born to them, Ruth, the oldest, is deceased,, the younger being Charles A., Jr.

Hugo Henry August Schlaeger, M. D., 1217 Wells street, Milwaukee, was born on Dec. 4, 1874, in the city where he now resides. Dr. Schlaeger's parents, Henry and Augusta (Hubner) Schlaeger, were both born in Germany, the former in 1836 and the latter in 1839,^ the former being at the time of immigration fifteen years of age and the latter twelve. The father started in when a boy with the well-known firm of Bradley & Metcalf, and became foreman of the finishing department in their large shoe establishment. He died on Feb. 18, 1896, and his widow still resides in Milwaukee. They had a family of five children, three of whom are living. The first born, Ida, was married to W. J. Schubert in 1884 and died in 1892,. the mother of three children: Arthur, Esther and Gladys (twins), all of whom reside in the city. One brother, William H. Schlaeger, born in Mil- waukee in 1862, was educated in the public schools and began the practice of dentistry in that city in 1882, remaining there until 1904, when he removed to Mobile, Ala., where he is now following his profession. He was married in 1890 to Miss Lizzie Seidler, of Milwaukee, and they have four children : Johanna, Walter, Cornelius and William. Amanda, the second daughter, born in 1872, was married to John Picken in 1896, and at present is residing in Los Angeles, Cal. Dr. Schlaeger was educated in the public school and business college of the city, and was connected with the Daily News something over a year. He then entered the dental laboratory of his brother, William H., who is mentioned above, and there he was employed three years. Having decided to follow the medical profession, he entered the Milwaukee Medical College, in which he was graduated in 1898, and he has been in active practice ever since. He has a large general practice, and is also medical examiner for the Modern Woodmen of America, Royal Neighbors, the Reserve Fund Fraternal Beavers, and the Improved Order of Red Men. He belongs to these organizations and also to the Archeological Society of Wisconsin. In politics he is a Republican and takes an active part in thepolitical movements of the day. His religious affiliations are with the Lutheran church. Dr. Schlaeger went abroad in 1891 and traveled extensively in Germany and other parts of the old world for two years. He is also familiar with his own land, having traveled in almost every portion of the country.

Charles S. Fisher, D. O., of Wauwatosa, was born in Milwaukee county, Dec. 28, 1884. The grandparents on both sides of the family were among the early settlers of Milwaukee county. William Fisher was a native of Massachusetts and participated in the Civil war as a soldier in a Wisconsin infantry regiment and was killed while in the service. His wife's maiden name was Theresa Thompson. Their son, C. T. Fisher - the father of Dr. Fisher - was born in Milwaukee county, and married Nancy M. Swan, daughter of N. J. and Hannah (Gilbert) Swan, of whom the former is now deceased and the latter is still living. Dr. Fisher was educated in the Wauwatosa schools, and after graduating from the high school was a student in the Spencerian Business College of Milwaukee. Later he took a course of instruction in the American School of Osteopathy, at Kirksville, Mo., received his degree of D. O. on Jan. 25, 1906, and has since been practicing with excellent results in the city of Milwaukee. He belongs to the Wisconsin State Osteopathic Association, to the American Osteopathic Association, and to the Atlas Club of Kirksville, Mo. In politics he is a Rq^ublican and his church membership is in the Congregational society.

Christian H. Beyer, M. D., No. 90 North avenue, Milwaukee, is a native of the city wbere he now resides, and was born on Aug. 26, 1872. He is of German ancestry, although his father, Christian Beyer, was also born in Milwaukee, in 1851, and his mother, Louise (Schultz) Beyer, was born in Germany, but came to America as an infant, in 1852. The paternal grandfather came to Milwaukee in an early day and was one of the first bakers in the city. The maternal grandparents, Theodore and Elizabeth Schultz, came also in the pioneer days, and settled on a farm in Milwaukee county, but they both died in the city of Milwaukee, the former in 1891 and the latter in 1889. Dr. Beyer is the only child of his parents, and his mother, after the death of his father, contracted a second marriage, with Mr. Rudolph Preuss, both of whom are now residents of Milwaukee. Christian II. attended the public schools of the city, graduating in the high school, and then entered as a student the University of Lake Forest. His professional education was obtained at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in which he was graduated in 1895, with the degree of M. D. The year following graduation he served as the house physician at the Chicago Polyclinic Hospital,, and since that time has been a practicing physician in Milwaukee, making a specialty of obstetrics and also serving on the medical staff of the county hospital for the chronic insane. In politics he is independent, supporting such men and measures as appeal to his own judgment. His church affiliations are with the Lutheran organization, as are those also of his parents. In 1898 he was united in marriage to Miss Alma Truss, daughter of Jacob and Wilhelmina Truss, of -Milwaukee. Four children have been born to them, as follows : Amy, Ruth, Myra and Clyde.

Arno W. Kratzsch, M. D., No. 192 North avenue, Milwaukee, the only child of his parents, Herman and Sophia (Kresse) Kratzsch, natives of Germany, the former born on Feb. 17, 1826, and the latter on Feb. 5, 1831. The parents came to the United States in 1851, locating on a farm in Washington count}-, Wis. The mother died in 1861, and Mr. Kratzsch subsequently married Ernestine Kresse, by whom he had three children, all living. The father died on the farm in 1882. Arno W., born near Newburgh, Washington county, on Dec. 29, 1859, attended the public schools of the village during his boyhood years and later became a student in the Whitewater Normal School. He then followed the profession of school teaching, closing this part of his career as principal of the school at Thiensville. It was through this work that he acquired sufficient funds to carry him through a course in medicine. His medical education was obtained at Rush Medical College, in which he was graduated in 1884 with the degree of M. D., and he began his practice in Plymouth, Shebovgan county, where he remained for three years, and then removed to Cascade, in the same county, where he practiced for eleven years. In 1898 he removed to Milwaukee, where he has since followed his profession with great success, and he has been for some time one of the lecturers in the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the Wisconsin State Medical Society, and the Milwaukee and Sheboygan County Medical societies. In politics he belongs to the Republican party, and has always taken an active interest in political movements. He was particularly prominent in Sheboygan county, and for some time he held an important position in the pension department. In his religious faith he belongs to the German Lutheran church. On Sept. 7, 1882, occurred the marriage of Dr. Kratzsch and Miss Eva E. Zaun, of Ozaukee county, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Bauernfeind) Zaun, who now reside in Mil-

Nelson W. Reynolds, M. D., No. 1019 Second street, Milwaukee, was born in Theinsville, Ozaukee county, Wis., of Canadian parents. The latter, both natives of Quebec, were John and Margaret (Neilson) Reynolds, and came to Thiensville about 1865. The father was a farmer, and died in Lincoln, Neb., in 1902. His widow and the three children born to them are all living. Dr. Reynolds was educated in the public schools of Thiensville, Ozaukee county, and at the Oshkosh Normal School. After having graduated at this institution he taught school for a time in Nebraska, to which state the family moved in 1892. Returning to Wisconsin, he took a course of study in the Milwaukee Medical College, receiving his dgree of M D, in 1898,. and he began the practice of his profession in Lone Rock, Wis., where he remained over five years. Then coming to Milwaukee, he established himself in the city, and although his residence in the city is comparatively short, he has built up a fine practice and is a member of the staff of Trinity Hospital. In politics he is a Republican, but not active along those lines. On Feb. 29, 1904, he was united in marriage to Miss Lillian Day, daughter of Charles W. and Juliet (Chase) Day, of Depere, Wis., the former of whom died in February, 1906. To this marriage one son, John, has been born.

Henry Blank, M. D., a prominent physician of Wisconsin's metropolis, was born in Grafton, Ozaukee county, Wis., on Jan. 4, 1861, and is the son of George and Catherine (Reitman) Blank, of Hanover, Germany. The father was a veteran of the war between Germany and Denmark in 1848 and was in three battles. Immediately afterward he immigrated to the United States, and the home of the family was for six years in New York state. In 1854 they removed to Wisconsin and settled in Grafton, where both of the parents, natives of Hanover, Germany, died, the mother, Catherine (Reitman) Blank, in 1865, and the father, George Blank, in 1884. Of their family of five children, three are living. Henry was educated in the public schools of Ozaukee, from 1877 *° ^99 was a student at the Whitewater Normal School, and for the four succeeding years was a teacher at Bartlett's Station, Ozaukee county. While still engaged in that profession he began his study of medicine, and later entered Rush Medical College, Chicago, in which he was graduated in 1885, beginning immediately to practice in Jackson, Washington county. He remained there nineteen years and then moved to Milwaukee, where he has since continued the practice of his profession. He was one of the founders of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Milwaukee, and in 1897 was elected professor of orthopedic surgery. He is also on the staff of St. Joseph's Hospital, and was, from 1893 until 1898, United States pension-examining surgeon. The following medical associations claim his membership : Washington County Medical Society, which he served as president; Brainard Medical Society of Milwaukee; Wisconsin State Medical Society; American Medical Association. Other orders to which he belongs are the Free Masons and Modern Woodmen of America. In politics he is a Democrat, and was president of the jury commission for years ; was clerk of the village of Jackson, a member of the school board, and was district delegate to the Democratic national convention in 1896. His religious faith is represented by membership in the Lutheran church. In May, 1885, he was married to Miss Anna B. Haunser, of Mequon, Ozaukee county, Wis., the daughter of Henry and Barbara (Sperber) Haunser. The parents were natives of Germany - the father, born in Saxony, served in the Saxon army, and the mother was born in Bavaria - and they were among the early settlers of Ozaukee county, coming about 1840; both are now deceased. To Dr. and Mrs. Blank eight children have been born. Following are their names and birth years: Catherine, 1886; Anna, 1887; William H., 1889, died in 1894; Rosa, 1891 ; Althea, 1895, died the same year; Zenta, 1896; Henry, 1898; Paula, 1902.

Wallace William Runkel, M. D., 349 Third street, was born in New Lisbon, Juneau county, Wis., March 1, 1872, and is the son of John Louis and Laura (Stein) Runkel, the former born in Germany and the latter in Pennsylvania. The father came to Wisconsin about 1847 with his parents; he is a minister of the Evangelical church, and has served as such for forty years. His wife, now deceased, came west with her parents. Rev. John L. and Mrs. Runkel were the parents of eight children, of whom seven are living. Dr. Runkel obtained his education in the public schools, and was graduated from the high school. Upon deciding to enter the medical profession he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Milwaukee, in which he was graduated in 1898, and has since been in active practice, gaining an honorable position among his colleagues. He is a member of the Evangelical church, and in politics is a supporter of political principles and policies as they are set forth by the Republican party.

Allen L. Herron, M. D., 514 West Twenty-fourth street, Milwaukee, was born in Jonesville, Texas, April 17, 1865, and is the son of Rederick and Vina Herron. His collegiate education was acquired at Southland College, Helena, Ark., in which he was graduated with the degree of B. S. Later he entered the medical department of a university at Washington, D. C, in which he was graduated on April 13, 1892, beginning his practice as a medical examiner in the government pension bureau. Later he practiced for a year in Illinois, coming to Milwaukee in 1896, where he has since continued his profession, and has become recognized as a skillful and successful practitioner. He belongs to the Milwaukee County and Wisconsin State Medical societies and to the American Medical Association. Fraternal organizations which claim his allegiance are the orders of Free Masons and Odd Fellows. In politics he follows the fortunes of the Republican party, but like the majority of those of his profession has little leisure to devote to practical politics ; in religious faith he is a Methodist. In 1894 he was united in marriage to Miss Ida B. Wood, of Washington, D. C, and to this union three children : Juanita, Richard, and Lucille, have been born.

John C. Zartzin, M. D., 213 Nineteenth street, Milwaukee, was born in New York city, May 20, 1879. His parents, Bernard and Sarah Zartzin, were both born in St. Petersburg, Russia, and came to the United States in 1876, locating in New York city. In 1886 they removed to Milwaukee, where the father died on April 6, 1904, and where his widow still resides. Dr. Zartzin was but seven years of age at the time that the family settled in Milwaukee, and all of his early school life was connected with the educational institutions of the city. After graduating at the high school he entered the Milwaukee Medical College, in which he received his degree of M. D., in 1903. Since that time he has taken post-graduate work in both Chicago and Philadelphia, and has followed the practice of his profession in Milwaukee. He is the senior instructor in medicine in the medical department of Marquette University - formerly the Milwaukee College of Medicine - and is a member of the city, county, state and national medical associations. Although a young" man, he has won a creditable place in his profession, and has before him the prospect of an exceptionally useful and prosperous career.