Columbus City (part 2 of 57)

Lucas Sullivant was perhaps the earliest well known pioneer of Franklinton and Franklin county. He was a native of Mechlenburg county, Virginia, and the commencement of his life, on account of the oddities and peculiarities associated with it, was no doubt the reason of the comparison which has often been made between him and the great Washington. At a very early age, indeed, when he was but a boy, he joined an expedition raised in Virginia to repel an invasion of a hostile tribe of Indians upon the western frontier of the state. It was during the progress of this expedition that his bravery and intrepidity was disclosed to an extent which commended him to the special attention and admiration of his commanding officer. Having lost his parents at an early age, he appropriated his scanty means to the procurement of an education, special attention being given to the mastery of mathematics, as he had previously determined to make surveying his profession. The wild, uncultivated lands of Kentucky, then a timbered appendage to the old commonwealth of Virginia, offering a peculiar advantage for the gratification of his desires in this particular, he, wdiile yet scarcely merged into manhood, took himself thither, and as a reward for the sacrifices he had made and privations endured soon found himself in a situation where his professional services were in almost constant demand. When but twenty-two years of age he received an appointment as deputy surveyor from Colonel Anderson, sur\eyor general of the Virginia military^ land district and a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary war. Thus appointed to a position which had been the fondest hope of his early life and now gratified beyond expression by its actual possession, he pitches with all the ardor and energy of his soul into the unbroken and untrodden forest of southern Ohio and materially assists in opening up one of the richest portions of the state to the advancing wave of settlement and civilization. Bafiied in the initial attempt to penetrate the wooded wilderness by the wdly savages who infested the forest, he organizes a stronger force at Limestone (now Maysville, Kentucky,) and with them begins anew the journey through the wilderness. In due time he finds himself upon the banks of the Scioto and within the present borders of Franklin county. Ten years subsecjuently to this Mr. Sullivant, having acquired during the interval the ow^nership of large tracts of land, laid out the town of Franklinton, which, from its numerous features of marked advantage, he discovered in its locality, position and nearness to the geographical center of the state, he probably foresaw or concluded it would become its future capital. Here about the beginning of the century he built the first brick house in Franklinton, in wdiich he lived the remainder of his life. Our limited space does not admit of a more extended notice of the subject, nor indeed does his illustrious, useful and eventful life demand or require it. Suffice it to say, however, that he was a remarkable man in the early settlement of the county and did as much as any other one man who was cotemporary \vith him, and perhaps more in framing the policy and shaping the destiny of the community in which he lived. His name is inseparably connected with the foundation and formation of Franklin county. His early life w-as employed in a sturdy effort to advance and promote the best interests and material prosperity of Franklin county and the city of Columbus. The citizens of both will assuredly see that his name and his service are appropriately and gratefully cherished in the memory of his fellow men.

One of the earliest and most interesting of personal" histories in the pioneer days of Columbus and Franklin county was that of Joseph Foos. wdio was a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania, born in the year 1767. He moved with his family quite early in life to Tennessee, and several years afterward went to Kentucky, where, in 1797, he was married to Miss Nelson. Remaining in Kentucky but a few months, he came with his family to Frank- linton, Ohio. Upon his arrival at his new home he estabhshed a ferry across the Scioto river, which he operated for some years and from which he is said to have derived considerable revenue during the time of its operation. Another enterprise which he inaugurated was the building of- the first hotel in the town, which he successfully conducted for some length of time. His early opportunities for acquiring an education were quite limited : but, chance 'or good fortune bringing him unexpectedly in contact with a school teacher who incidentally became a guest of his hotel, he availed himself of the opportunity which the incident afforded and concluded a bargain with the teacher for a certain amount of rudimentary tuition, in consideration for so much board. He was zealous in his application to study and improved his opportunities to good account.

Shortly after this he conceived a lively interest for politics ai^d public affairs, corresponding extensively with noted politicians of the dav concerning matters of public interest. He was one of the first members of the Ohio legislature, of which he remained in continuous membership for many yeai^s. He became an accomplished speaker and efficient writer. During the 'prevalent excitement attending the location of the capital of the state he wielded a^ marked influence with both tongue and pen in securing the adoption of Columbus as the site for its location. As a testimonial of appreciation on the part of the citizens of the new capital for the services thus rendered he was presented by the proprietors with a block of ground in a desirable part of the city. He served in the war of 1812 and during his service was promoted for gallantry and meritorious conduct to the rank of brigadier general. Air. Foos was liberal, generous and convivial, and with the opportunities which his surroundings afforded him he enjoyed the company and conviviality of his political friends to the highest degree. Later in life he became a candidate for congress, but in the contest for the office his opponent was elected. Shortly after this he moved to Madison county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming, in which he continued until his death, in 1832.

Early in life he manifested great interest on the subject of the canal system^ in the state of Ohio. From the interest here first awakened on the subject he is said to have conceived and suggested the feasibility of a ship canal across the isthmus of Darien, a conception at that time regarded as wild and chimerical, but which to the latter day and more modern speculators and promoters for profitable investment would not perhaps be considered so extravagant or impossible. It has been recently remarked that a pamphlet embodying the views of Mr. Foos on this subject, which was complimentarily styled "Foos' Folly," may in the not distant future demonstrate the fact that such a conception was nobody's "folly." Stranger things have happened; others may yet transpire.

One of the most widely known of the early pioneers of Franklin county was James Kilbourne, born in New Britain, Connecticut, October 19, 1770. During his boyhood days he labored with his father on the farm and enjoyed but limited opportunities of acquiring an education. In the spring of 1802 he came to Ohio as the agent of an eastern company for the purpose of exploring the country, and, if in his judgment deemed desirable, to purchase for them extensive tracts of land. In the execution of this trust he selected a location and completed the purchase of a township embracing sixteen thousand acres. In the following year he returned to Ohio with the party for whom he had made the negotiation a year previously and established his residence at the new purchase, now Worthington. Arrangements were at once made for the settlement and location of a town, commencing with the erection of a school building, blacksmith shop, church, a number of cabins and the building of a dam across the Scioto river. Here for a number of years he worked and planned and executed for the general good of the new settlement which he had formed and which was now so largely dependent upon his judgment and experience for its future welfare and success; and right well he acquitted himself of the trust which was reposed in him.

In 1805 he explored the south shore of Lake Erie and selected the site of Sandusky city. About this time he received, unsolicited on his part, the appointment of United States surveyor for a large portion of the public lands. In 1806 he was appointed one of the first trustees of the Ohio College at Athens. He was elected president of the Worthington College in 181 2, and in the same year was appointed commissioner to settle the boundary between the public lands and the Virginia reservation. In the year 1814 he was a candidate for congress and was elected by a vote of two to one over his competitor. Colonel Kilbourn was the first member of congress to advocate the donation of public land to actual settlers in the Northwest Territory, and, on behalf of the committee having the subject in charge, prepared and presented to congress a bill for that purpose. He was elected to the Ohio legislature in 1823 and served with ability and distinction. About this time he was commissioned by the governor of Ohio to make selection of the lands granted by congress to the Ohio canal. He was the president of the state convention at Columbus, July 4, 1839, for laying the corner-stone of the capitol of Ohio, also at the noted Whig convention of February 22. 1840.

Colonel Kilbourne has left the impress of his example upon the state of Ohio - particularly central Ohio - to a marked and notable extent. He was the instigator, advocate and promoter of more enterprises, industries and agencies which in long and continuous years of development and expansion have grown and become potent and effective, than almost any other citizen of central Ohio.

Joel Buttles was among the early settlers descended from New England ancestral stock who came and pitched their camp in the wilds of Ohio near the central portion of the state. His father, Levi Buttles, was one of the original proprietors of the Scioto company, organized in the year 1802 and composed of a sturdy band of members who were destined in after years to figure so prominently in the material advancement of the best interests of the state. James Kilbourn, mentioned elsewhere in this work, was the agent of this company and one of its most prominent, influential and active members. It was through his active agency and personal negotiation that sixteen thousand acres of land at ^^^orthing-ton was purchased and immediate operations commenced for the location and settlement of a town on the lands so acquired. To this new settlement Levi Buttles, the father of our subject, came in the year 1804, having previously disposed of his farm and possessions at Granby, Connecticut, of which place he was a native, where he was born in February, 1787. Under the arrangements made for the removal of the family to the west Joel w^as permitted to make choice of remaining in the east and devoting himself to the pursuit of a profession, or of casting his fortune with the fate of the family in their future home in the western country. He chose the latter, and after a long and tedious journey for the most part in the midst of storm and snow he arrived in safety at the settlement in the wilderness.

In less than a ye'ar after their arrival Levi, the father, died, when Joel was but eighteen years old. For several years subsequent to the death of his father our subject found employment in teaching a school. In 18 14 he was united ii\ marriage to Miss Lauretta Barnes, a daughter of Dr. Samuel Barnes, of Massachusetts, and shortly thereafter removed to Columbus and formed a partnership with Dr. Lincoln Goodale. Soon after this he was appointed to the office of postmaster at Columbus, which position he held continuously until the election of General Jackson to the presidency, in 1828, w4ien, as usual in accordance with political precedent and custom, he yielded to the clamor of the victors for the usufruct of the spoils. From this period he was closely identified with the municipal history and business prosperity of Columbus, and was one of its most pulDlic-spirited and enlightened- citizens. He held many positions of public trust, was for several years the president of the city bank, and was as well one of the founders and zealous supporters of the Protestant Episcopal church in the state of Ohio. The successful and busy years of his later life are said to have been devoted to deeds of generosity to the needy, of sympathy for the suffering and afflicted and of helpful assistance to those whose wants and necessities came to his knowledge. He died at Urbana, Ohio, in August, 1850.

Measured by the standard which establishes the excellence of a man b}^ the character and extent of the good which he accomplishes in life, Joel Buttles should be placed high upon the roll of citizenship in Franklin county.

John Kerr, one of the original proprietors of Columbus, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, about the year 1778. He enjoyed the advantages of a good education in his native county, including attendance at the Dublin Laiiversity. He came to the United States in 18 10 and settled that year in Franklin county, Ohio. He was a member of the first board of councilmen elected in 1816 for the borough of Columbus. From the information obtainable at this time concerning his intelligence and business qualifications it would seem that his attainments in this respect compared favorably with those of any of his coteinporaries. He, like many others of that early period, seemed to look to an appreciation in the price of real estate as the readiest and surest means of acquiring a fortune. As a speculator or dealer in land his investments and ventures were probably more numerous and extensive than those of almost any other individual in the county. It is believed by some who are yet living, and whose advanced age enable them to remember him with tolerable distinctness, that he was at one time the largest land-owner in the city of Columbus. But v/hether this be true or not, or to what extent this impression may be founded upon fact, it is certain that he was an energetic, active business man, and, like a number of his associates of the same period, was ever willing and ready to unite his effort with others in any enterprise or industry which foreshadowed benefit or advantage to the community, and responded with promptness and alacrity to any movement compassing this object. Mr. Kerr always entertained a high and sanguine faith in the future of Columbus, and in his expressions of interest and attachment to its material welfare was ecjually ardent. His sincerity in respect of the latter profession was conclusively demonstrated by his joint donation with Lyne Starling of the beautiful square of ground in Columbus on which the state-house stands. He died in the year 1823 and was buried in what is known as the old north graveyard, but as the result of neglect or from other cause the headstone placed over his grave has been removed or was destroyed, so that the exact spot of his last resting place cannot now be determined with any degree of certainty.

John M. Kerr, a son of the preceding, died in Columbus a year ago from the effects of injuries received in a street-car accident, at the advanced age of ninety years.

David Smith was born at Francistown, New Hampshire, in October, 1785, attended school at Dartmouth College, where he graduated in the year 181 1. Mr. Smith was a kinsman of Franklin Pierce, and on account of the relationship existing between them was by the president offered the appointment to a counsulship abroad, but the offer was declined. He was violently opposed to slavery and to those who were its advocates, hence would not accept office under his distinguished relative. He was marrierl, in 1814, to Miss Mitchell, of Haverhill, Massachusetts, and the newly married couple moved to Columbus two years after it had been made the permanent capital of the state. Mr. Smith was the first lawyer to become a permanent resident and regular practitioner in Columbus, and thus acquired the title of judge. He was elected to the Ohio house of representatives from Franklin county and was a strong opponent of what was known as the black laws, which operated prejudicially to his influence with and interest in liis party. He was appointed to a position in the postoffice department at Washington in 1836 under General Jackson, and held it until 1845, when he was removed, presumably on account of his hostility to slavery. Judge Smith died at Manchester, Ohio, in February, 1865. His remains were brought to Columbus for interment and were deposited in the old graveyard near the present site of the union depot. They were in after years removed to Green Lawn cemetery.

Alfred Kelly, a son of David Kelly, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, in November, 1789. When he was nine years old his father moved with his family to Lowville, New York. Alfred attended school at Fairfield Academy and afterward commenced the study of laAv under Jonas Piatt, who was a judge of the supreme court of the state. About the year 18 10 he went to Cleveland, Ohio, where he continued the practice of law, and when he had scarcely attained his majority was appointed prosecuting attorney, which position he held for several years.

In 1814 he was elected to the house of representatives and is said to ha\-e been the youngest member of that body, which met at Chillicothe, then the capital of Ohio. At this session of the legislature Mr. Kelly prepared and introduced a bill to reform the practice of law in the courts of the state. The leading feature of this bill was a simplification of the methods of pleading and dispensing with the old system of verbiage and adopting a more modern and euphemistic style of expression. His effort was not successful at the time, but the principle suggested was the precursor of our code, which followed thirty years later. The bill also dispensed with or abolished imprisonment for debt save in the instance of fraud.

But above all and beyond every other matter of legislation or business he was more particularly interested in the canal policy, which at that time was the absorbing and prevalent question of public interest throughout the state; and he was without doubt its most zealous advocate and supporter. Having been appointed canal commissioner, he prepared himself at once with all the zeal and energy of his nature to enter into the discharge of the onerous duties of his office. It was thought by many at the time that the w^ork could not be completed within the period allotted or within the limit of cost provided for its completion. To what extent both expectation as to length of time and limit of cost was disappointed on the part of the opponents of the measure is matter of history and comment on the subject need not here be misemployed in its useless recital. Suffice it to say the work under the guidance and direction of this masterful hand was done and was done well.

Mr. Kelly was none .the less efficient in financial affairs than in the construction of canals. During the memorable and exciting financial crash from 1837 to 1 84 1 his brilliant conceptions in finance sprang forth with a flash which attracted the attention of all who beheld them. By his sound judgment and good business management he engineered the financial affairs of the state in a manner which not only relieved it from its pecuniary entanglements, but produced an appreciation of its securities to an extent which not only relieved embarrassment but advanced value to a point beyond par.

Such in part is some of the achievements of this remarkable man. A full and complete history of his successful, eventful and useful life would in its

William B. Hubbard, who was called a lawyer, statesman and financier, was born in Utica, New York, in August, 1795. He was the son of Bela and Naomi Hubbard, who were of Anglo-Saxon descent. Mr. Hubbard was a descendant of the Stow family, wdiose earliest progenitor in this country arrived in New England not many years posterior to the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth rock. The settlement of this family was in the state of Connecticut, where for a number of generations it maintained a high and honorable distinction. Mr. Hubbard chose law as a profession and pursued a course of study with a kinsman who was an accomplished priest in his day, the father of Chief Justice Stow, of Wisconsin, lately deceased. After completing his studies and being admitted to practice in New York he moved to St. Clairsville, Ohio, in the year 18 16. His success in the new field of labor was marked and rapid. He rose to the head of his profession and at a bar with such practitioners as John C. Wright, Charles Hammond, Benjamin Tappan and Philip Doddridge, the last mentioned of whom was a cotemporary of Daniel Webster in the congress of the United States, and of whom the great statesman and orator once remarked he was the only man he ever met that he feared in debate. The material of which our subject was composed and the intellectual mold in which he was cast may with readiness be inferred when the company with whom he associated and the position which he sustained in that company are considered.

For several years he was state's attorney for Belmont county, and was subsequently chosen a member of the Ohio state senate, from 1827 to 1829. He was very much interested in railroads, and in 1830 he prepared a bill which was presented to the legislature, entitled an act to incorporate the Ohio Canal & Steubenville Railroad Company. Action upon this bill by the legislature is said to be the first legislation by the state of Ohio relating to railroads. In 183 1 Mr. Hubbard was elected to the house of representatives of the Ohio general assembly, and was by the members of that body chosen as its speaker. Such was his capability and fitness that he could have held a high and enviable position in the councils of his party, but he seemed rather to choose the more pleasant and attractive pursuits of business and finance.

He moved to Columbus in 1839, thinking that in the capital of the state he would be afforded a wider and more attractive field for the gratification of his expanding ideas relative to financial affairs. He was elected the president of the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and later organized and was the president of the First National Bank of Columbus, which was the first bank in the city to become incorporated and established under the national banking system. It was largely through his effort and influence that the United States arsenal was located at Columbus. It is said that Salmon P. Chase, while governor of Ohio, and afterward secretary of the United States treasury, frequently consulted Mr. Hubbard upon financial questions and attached great consequence to his opinions. He was a fine classical scholar and never lost his taste for the classics, and in his last years delighted to converse with professional scholars in the Latin tongue.

While it would seem the work of supererogation in a space so confined and restricted (as a brief county biography must necessarily be) to attempt the delineation of a character at once so prominent and interesting to all the inhabitants of the state, yet it may not be a subject devoid of interest or render this work less attractive to refer briefly to a character so distinguished as Salmon P. Chase.

In the year 1820 he came as a youth twelve years old and made his home for about two years with an uncle then living in the northern part of Franklin county. The fact is recited in Howe's Historical Recollections of Ohio that young Chase was for a time in the employ of a bricklayer at Worthington, in the capacity of a mortar carrier, and later in life referred with pride to the fact that a man who afterward became the governor of Ohio and chief justice of the United States should have once carried the hod for him. Thus it is that amid the realities of life we sometimes discover a veritable demonstration of the correctness' of the old adage, "Truth is stranger than fiction."

The progress and rapidity with which Judge Chase was advanced in the line of political honor and preferment is too well known and remembered as a matter of fact and history to require its particular recital here. His services to the state while an occupant of the gubernatorial chair at Columbus, his position upon the exciting subjects; of the nation while a member of the United States senate, his signal and masterly conceptions of the difficult problems of finance while secretary of the treasury, wdiere the value of his service in the cause of his country was perhaps more marked and significant than in any of the many high offices with which he was honored by his countrymen, and his final promotion by President Lincoln to the exalted position of chief justice of the supreme court of the United States, all alike, and all. in fact, with one accord proclaim and attest the wisdom of the judge, the profundity of the statesman, the conception of the financier and the excellence of the man.

Judge Chase, as it is well known, was paralyzed a few years preceding his death, and though the stroke was but partial he never recovered from it. He died in 1875. Two children survived their illustrious father, both daughters. The older, Catherine, better and more popularly known later in life as Kate Chase Sprague, married Governor Spragtie, of Rhode Island. Their conjugal relations, as was well known, were not congenial or happy and finally culminated in a separation. For several years antecedently to her death ]\Irs. Sprague was the occupant of her father's old suburban residence bordering the outskirts of the federal metropolis known as Edgewood. Its high w^alls and capacious grounds were plainly visible from fne portals of the mam- moth white marble building, the halls of which had so oftsn resounded with the voice of her father in the exciting debates upon momentous occasions in which he was an acti\-e participant. She died in 1899 at Washington city, and her remains now repose in peace beside her illustrious father in a beautiful cemetery at Cincinnati, overlooking the trancjuil waters of the river Ohio. The devotion of Mrs. Sprague to her father, her ambitious, hopes and zealous aspirations for his succession to the office of the chief executive, were inordinate and wonderful. Never, perhaps, in the history of the country has an instance of such a remarkable attachment on the j^art of a chilcl for the preferment of a parent been revealed so pointedly to view, unless in the single exception of Theodosia Burr for her misguided and revengeful father, who for unjustifiable and unworthy political motives was prompted to take the life of that greatest man of the American republic, Alexander Hamilton.

Samuel Brush was a native of Chenango county. New York, and a son of Plat and Elizabeth (Treat) Brush. He moved with his family, in 1815, to Chillicothe, Ohio, where his father established himself in the practice of the legal profession. In 1820 the family removed to Delaware, Ohio, the father having been appointed to the office of register of the land office for the purpose of disposing of the government lands located in several counties in the western part of the state.

Samuel was, during his early years, a clerk in his father's office. He later received a good education under the tuition of private instructors, one of whom, General John A. Quitman, in after years became quite prominent as a member of congress from, and governor of, Mississippi. He adopted the law as a profession and w^as admitted to the bar and commenced to practice in 1830 at Tiffin, where his uncle, Judge Brush, was then a resident and one of the judges of the court Ijefore which he began to practice. Later in his professional career, about 1840, he qualified as a practitioner in the various courts of Ohio and also the supreme court of the United States. In the fall of 1836 he moved to Columbus, where he formed a partnership in the legal business and resumed his practice in the capital city of the state, wdiere he acquired an extensive practice and accumulated considerable means. In the organization of the Franklin County Agricultural Society he was elected successively to the office of vice-president and president of the organization. During the years of his connection with that association its grounds were purchased and laid out, its various buildings designed and constructed for different uses and the whole machinery put in perfect working operation. In the practice of law Mr. Brush w^as especially proficient in the particular of special pleading, no case prepared by him having ever been lost or judgment reversed for defective pleading. His mind was strong in point of concentration and his manipulation and conduct of causes committed to his care for trial were ably and intelligently handled, with results which fully established the justice of his claims to the. high reputation which he acquired at the bar through a long series *of years of successful practice.

Cextexxial Biographical History

Xoah H. Swayne, an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, was a native of X^irginia and was born in the year 1804. He was of Quaker parentage. He was quite precocious in his youth and rapidly developed into intellectual attainments, particularly in the law, which was his chosen profession. At the early age of nineteen he obtained his license to practice law, and removed from Virginia to Ohio and commenced the practice of his profession. Mr. Swayne was one of those native born Virginians not frequently, but sometimes, met with who, while generally upholding and defending the peculiar institutions of the south, entertained a horror and aversion to the institution of slavery which constrained him to leave his kindred and his state to avoid coming in contact with the hated evil.

Judge Swayne's first place of residence in Ohio w^as at Coshocton. He was a resident of Coshocton in 1839, when he was appointed district attorney for the state. He discovered little if any interest in politics until the campaign of 1856, when John C. Fremont became a candidate for the presidency. His speeches were mainly in opposition to, and against the extension of, slavery. He was appointed an associate justice of the supreme court of the United States by President Lincoln to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Justice ]\IcLean, of Ohio. This appointment, it is said, was made at the request of the undivided delegation in congress from the state of Ohio, as well as out of respect to the wish of the deceased justice himself expressed a short time previously to his death. This opinion of Justice McLean concerning the fitness and suitability of Judge Swayne's appointment to a position on the supreme bench was the estimate of his capacity which Judge McLean had conceived of him during his frequent argument of causes before the supreme court of the United States, in which he displayed marked and unmistakable legal ability. He left several sons, one of whom. General Wager Swayne, acquired a high reputation as a lawyer in New York city.

Henry Stanberry, with possibly one or two exceptions, may with confidence be regarded as the equal of any jurist who has for thres-fourths of a century past practiced at the bar of justice in the state of Ohio. He was the possessor of many of the essential prerequisites which are so necessary to the constitution of a courtly, accomplished gentleman, and all the finer elements which ennoble and adorn the dignity and character of superior manhood were inherent in his nature.

He was born in the city of New York al)Out the year 1800. and when only eleven years old came wath his father to Zanesville, Ohio. His collegiate education was acquired at Washington College, Pennsylvania, whence he graduated with much credit. After completing his education he returned to Zanesville, where he commenced the study of his profession and where, in 1 82 1, he was admitted to the bar as a regular practitioner of the law. It was about this time, it would seem, that he was brought in contact with Thomas Ewing, the most accomplished and consummate lawyer at that day in Ohio, and by his advice or persuasion was induced to remove to Lancaster and begin tlie practice of his profession in that place, either associated with Mr. Ewing directly or in some wise connected with him in the legal business. Here he remained and continued in regular practice until 1846, when by legislative enactment the office of attorney general of Ohio was created and Mr. Stanberry was chosen by vote of the general assembly to fill that important office. Upon his acquirement of this position he moved to Columbus, where he continued to reside during his five years' occupancy of the office. He was a conspicuous member of the constitutional convention of 1850 and participated extensively in its debates. Subsequently to this he removed to Cincinnati and practiced law for a number of years in that city. In 1866 he was appointed United States attorney general by President Johnson and took up his residence in Washington city. This position he held, and with great credit discharged its duties until impeachment proceedings were instituted against his chief, when he resigned his office to become his counsel at the impeachment trial, which was shortly afterward commenced. His legal attainments were prominently brought to view in this trial, and his ability as a learned and accomplished jurist fully sustained by the arguments he made in the defense of the president.

William Dennison, widely known as one of the war governors of Ohio (a very brief sketch only of whose eventful life can for want of space be here recited), was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in November, 181 5. He was a college graduate of Miami University and commenced his professional life in the practice of law in the office of Nathaniel G. Pendleton in that city. He was a prominent and influential delegate to the convention of 1856, which inaugurated the Republican party and selected John C. Fremont as its standard bearer by nominating him for the presidency in that year. In the campaign which followed he was an ardent supporter of the nominee of that convention. In i860 Mr. Dennison was the nominee of his party and was elected governor of Ohio. He was the chairman of the convention which renominated Mr. Lincoln for the presidency at Baltimore in 1864, and upon the re-election of Mr. Lincoln became a member of his cabinet by appointment to the office of postmaster general, which position he held until 1866, when, in consequence of the apostasy of Andrew Johnson (who had in consequence of the death of Mr. Lincoln succeeded to the presidency), he resigned the office. Governor Dennison was an enthusiastic admirer and steadfast friend of John Sherman' and exerted himself to the utmost to secure his nomination for the presidency in 1880. He was a man of wealth and liberality and contributed generously to a college at Granville, Ohio, which bears his name.

It was largely through the instrumentality of Governor Dennison that \\'est Virginia was saved to the Union. He gave encouragement and assurance to the loyal people of that state that he would stand by them in their severance of relations wdth the old state and w'ould in extremity, if circum- stances or conditions should render it necessary, supply a military force sufficient to protect and defend them. The contingency upon which the pledge was based, and the condition upon which the promise was made, both happened. The extent to which the plighted faith and promise was redeemed is matter of general history and does not here require recital. Governor Dennison's administration of state and governmental affairs during his occupancy of the gubernatorial chair of Ohio has been gravely criticised and condemned in many quarters, but the consensus of opinion at the present day is such as to greatly mollify the asperities of former days, and correct the mistaken and misguided judgment pronounced under a misapprehension of the truth and facts of the case. "Time at last sets all things even."

Allen G. Thurman. - Within the narrow limits to which the sketch of so eminent a man as the subject of this article will be necessarily confined for want of space in the chapter of its publication, it will be impossible to da more than make brief mention of the many high official positions which he filled and the singular ability and perfect integrity with which he discharged the duties pertaining to them all.

Allen G. Thurman, than whom no purer-minded man - either civilian or representative^ - ever dignified a constituency in a legislative or judicial capacity, was a native Virginian, born at Lynchburg in 1813. When an infant his family removed to Ohio and located at Chillicothe. After acquiring an education he studied law with his uncle, William Allen, and Noah H. Swayne, both of whom in subsequent years rose to positions high in the councils of the nation, the former to the senate of the United States, the latter to a seat in the highest judicial tribunal in the country. Judge Thurman was admitted to the bar in 1835 ''^"^1 began the practice of law at Chillicothe. Here he continued in his profession until 1844, when he was elected to congress when but thirty years of age. In 1851 he was elected a judge of the superior court of the state, and the opinions rendered by him during his term of office were such as to reflect the highest credit, and deservedly established throughout the state his reputation as a judge and jurist. In 186S he was elected to the United States senate, which was then composed of the brightest luminaries in the land. He rose at once to the high plane of his calling and immediately took rank nothing inferior to any legislator who at that time represented a constituency in either house of congress. The most distinguished service rendered by Judge Thurman during his term in congress, as well, perhaps, throughout the entire course of his eventful and illustrious life, was his defense of the southern people during the passage of the reconstruction measures in the south. It was in the debates which followed the introduction of these measures that his voice was raised in thunder tones against a wrong and injustice which he thought was unrighteously sought to be forced upon them. The application of a portion of the beautiful tribute of Judah P. Benjamin to Albert Sidney Johnston could with peculiar propriety be gratefully ascribed by the people of the south to Judge Thurman for his noble and manly defense of them in the hour of their sore affliction. Allen G. Thurman was a man in honor impregnable, in integrity incorruptible, a man, in truth, of whom it may with truth be said, he "stood four-square to all the winds that blow."

General Charles C. Walcutt. - Few individuals have died in Columbus within the past quarter of a century wdiose decease has caused greater sorrow or regret among its citizens than that of General Charles C. Walcutt. General Walcutt was a native of Columbus and was born in 1838. In his early life he attended the public schools of the city, acquiring the rudimentary branches of an education, and afterward went to the Kentucky Military Institute, where he graduated in the class of 1858. Upon completing his education he returned to Columbus, where his business life began. The first office which he filled was that of county surveyor, to which he was elected shortly after his return from college. This position he retained until the commencement of the war of the Rebellion, when he resigned it, when, offering his services to the government, he raised a company and was commissioned its captain. His promotion in the army was rapid, and as early as the second year of the war we find him advanced to the rank of lieutenant colonel and participating in the memorable battle of Shiloh, where he was struck by a ball which he carried through life. He participated also in the battles of Vicksburg and Jackson in Mississippi, Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga and Kenesaw Mountain ; and after the death of General McPherson he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. He fought a remarkable battle and the only one during the march of General Sherman from Atlanta to the sea and known in history as the battle of Qriswoldsville. His gallantry and bravery in this battle elicited such praise and commendation, and was so pointedly referred to and complimented by General Sherman, that he was in consequence brevetted major general. After the conclusion of the war General Walcutt returned to Columbus and was shortly afterward appointed warden of the Ohio penitentiary, which he held for a .number of years, and under his management of its affairs the institution for the first time in its history returned a revenue to the state treasury. He was a brave and gallant officer, a courtly, refined and cultured gentleman, and in his death Columbus sustained a loss in respect of citizenship and manhood not easily supplied.

When Franklinton was' but a yearling of the forest, Abraham Deardurff, of southeastern Pennsylvania, came by wagon, over mountain-trail, through forest, following the blazed trees to the wild little settlement, having started "out west" early in March of that year and arriving at the west banl<s of the Scioto about April 13, 1798, accompanied by his eldest son David.

Centennial Biographical History

goods obtained in Philadelphia, consisting of axes, plowshares, nails, spikes, augers, gimlets, awls, knives, scissors and such articles as would be in demand by the white settlers ; then about eight or twelve in number. But there were in the load also, gay glass beads, bright colored chintz, and a variety of bells, sleigh-bells, cow-bells, a couple of hand bells and one larger than the others that might have answered for a meeting house. These were to be exchanged with the natives for whatever might be obtained of them, principally baskets, jerked venison, bear-skin, wdld honey, buckskin, and hides; these latter the Indians cured in a superior manner never attained by the whites.

Apropos of the large bell, there exists an old family tradition related to the writer (then a child) by the widow of David Deardurff many years ago, beside the great fireplace with its brass' andirons, hickory back-log and black crane, amid the sweet sound of crackling flames. This tale was later corroborated by William Deardurff, Sr., her stepson, in December, 1890. He had often heard his father tell, about it as follows: Some Indians whose wigwams were down the Scioto river near Salt Lick southwest of the present court house site, took a fancy to the bells, and bartered with Abraham Deardurff for several of them, and before nightfall, it is said that every Indian squaw, pony and dog about the camp had on a bell. One very tall old redskin whom they nicknamed "Deerlegs," was out hunting, and being attracted by strange new sounds, the tinkling bells, he crept through the tall grass; up near the clearing, and there, lying flat on the ground, peering out through the hazel and sassafras bushes, he spied the large bell suspended on a pole near the camp fire surrounded by a number of braves, squaws, pappooses and two white lads, who were delightedly ringing the bells. Deerlegs, in his lurking place, was no less pleased. He lay watching and waiting for a long time, when he finally saw the party disperse in the evening shadows. As the last Indian departed, or fell asleep, he stealthily crawled to the pole and quietly made off with the bell to his own camp, near Alum creek. Next day search brought to the hunters' ears sweet peals from Deerleg's wigwam. Upon being detected he is said to have snatched the bell and quickly springing upon his pony, clinging by one hand to its mane and grasping with the other the precious bell, his long legs dragging in the underbrush, he disappeared into the woods, a ludicrous figure. Some days later a white man, aiming at a squirrel, spied a shining object in a tall oak tree. This proved to be the stolen bell, which he secured and returned to Franklinton.

Abraham Deardurff soon finished his trading, procured by barter ten acres cf rich bottom land, planted this in corn, and left his son David, a lad of about fourteen years, to tend the crop, and work in the clearing. He camped near the white settlers, then eight or ten in number. Returning to Pennsylvania Mr. Deardurff, who was a railmaker by trade, soon made a sale, told his eastern friends of the fertile Ohio valley, turned part of his' property into money, and then set out for Ohio. He was accompanied by his family, consisting of his wife, Katherine Deardurff, who was born in north German v, his three sons, Samuel, Daniel and Joseph, and his daughters, Elizabeth and Polly or Pauline. A stout ox team brought the great wagon over the mountains' in the fall of 1798; the family traveling by day and camping by? a spring or stream by night. They brought with them a fresh cow, and a large bull dog for night watch, as Indians were lurking near the trail. Bears, panthers and wild cats were numerous and wolves prowled about. In the wagon there were large walnut chests, ("kiesters") from Germany, well filled with homespun linen, bedding, and some favorite pieces of china; there were the necessary three-legged kettles, the crane and the spider or Dutch oven with its iron lid for cooking corn dodgers. Several pieces brought to Franklin county at that time are yet in the possession of the family. A small china tea set, three pieces of Brittania ware, a pair of sheep shears, a tailor's goose and 'Shears, a large and a small spinning wheel, a reel, some brass candlesticks, candle molds, some good strong linen and "coverlets" in colors, some wearing apparel of those times, and some very fine needlework, are all highly prized, and carefully kept by the great-grandchildren. They speak eloquently of ye olden days.

On a bright spring morning, in ninety-seven, As the sun shone out in the eastern heaven, Lending the rose her brightest hue. Tinting the hilltops with diamond dew, There rose, in the rude log hut, a wail, A strange new sound, from where did it hail ?

In the fireplace corner, away from the damp. In a hewed out log from the "Sugar Camp" On a mossy pillow, in coonskin wrap. In a "dimity" slip and "bobinet" cap, A sweet girl babe in this cradle lay. Her blue eyes wide with the open day.

Her garments had come from that home in the east. Snugly stowed in the till of the old walnut chest, -To the new forest home in Ohio so wild. Where our pioneers cherished their first born child. Comely and strong grew this maiden fair ; Learned to spin, weave and sew with greatest care.

Lapse Of Fifty Years

As she patiently turns to poke up the fire, And softly smiles at our white grandsire. While we silently wonder how With her toilworn hands and wrinkled brow. Her trembling voice and tottering knee Was she ever so young and supple as we.

(The above was dedicated to and written for the Old Ladies' Quilting, Knitting and Spinning Bee, at the Franklinton Centennial, at Columbus, Ohio, September 4, 1897, by Alice Gillespie (Deardurff) Allen, M. D.)

The movers arrived in Franklinton on the 3d day of October, 1798. All hands fell to work. David had got ^some of the settlers to fell a number of trees ; these he had trimmed and hewed himself ; and with the ever-ready aid of the men already sheltered, there was soon a good log house built with its outside chimney, puncheon floor and clapboard roof. On the 28th day of November, "while the first snowflakes fiew," this became the first Buckeye home of the Deardurffs. The father continued to take trips east semi-annually for the purpose of carrying various articles of merchandise and mail; later a stage line was established ; a toll gate erected on the west bank of the Scioto, near where the national pike was soon to be built, and this was kept by Daniel and his mother for some time.

Joseph Deardurff moved farther west upon attaining his majority, and after a few years all trace of him was lost, he failing in time to write home. In a few years Daniel Deardurff moved to a settlement near Urbana and bought and cleared a tract of government land, which he farmed for years. He also kept up a trading business with the Indians from Sandusky, who still stuck to their old trail through his "Big Woods" across his well tilled farm. He made regularly each year a trip clear to Baltimore.

Spring- and fall brought always a string of Indians over the trail. One fall "Big- Medicine Man" found Uncle Daniel flat on his back with "shakin' ager," or malaria, then prevalent in all the new country. As he was a favorite with the friendly Indians, this one at once volunteered to "sweat" him, as he often afterward described to his grandchildren : "White man heap sick, eat much salt, me give him corn sweat, me make him well." Accordingly he asked for ripe corn in the ear. Placing a bushel of this in the large iron kettle outside, over a bright w^ood fire, just covering it with water, he soon had this boiling; removing it, he then poured off the water into a wooden keeler or tub over a double handful of red pepper pods, broken in this water. When some cooler he placed Mr. Deardurff's feet in thi-s for about ten mmutes, until they were quite red ; he then placed him on a feather bed, rolled in a warm homespun blanket; he next placed the steaming ears of corn around his body, covering him with a second feather bed. He then gave him to drink a large "noggin" of hot spice bud tea. In les's than an hour he was covered with great beads of perspiration ; his headache and nausea gone ; and he was hungry as a bear. That ended his ague.

About 1820 he returned to Columbus with a two-horse wagon to remove his mother, Katherine Deardurff, to his home. As she was very old and daily called for "Dan'l," she gladly went with him, but insisted upon having her own house. This he built of logs, near his, own, and here she lived in peace, with her ash floor sanded, shining and white, her bright row of tinware on the wall, her open fireplace and her high feather bed. At the red hearthside, in her split-bottom chair, wnth her knitting and her old Dutch Bible, she spent many an 'hour reading the "Gutes Buch" or counting her "geld," as she called her little hoard of gold pieces. In 1844 she died, at the age of 94, and was buried on the farm. Her Bible, brought by her husband Abraham Deardurff, from Germany, in 1780, was kept by Daniel. At his death, about 1850, it w^as given to his eldest daughter, Katherine, who in turn gave it to her youngest brother, Daniel, who went in 1876 to the Black Hills. As he died there among strangers, it is lost. It contained in German the old records of four generations. The old lady had feared the Indians, and used to say that once while she was w^ashing her boiled corn grains, in the old-fashioned hulling process for what was called dye or witch hominy, stooping over her tub, she saw a shadow. Raising her head, she was, confronted by a red face with tw^o black, hungry eyes watching her. With one scream she made a dash for her door, and, being alone that day, she barred it and waited in terror for the return of her "men folks," which was an hour later. They eagerly looked in the w^oodshed for her visitor, but found instead an empty tub, a fine large deer, and some muskrat hides; these the hungry but harmless redskin had left in exchange for a large "mess" of half hulled hominy.

Samuel Deardurff, the second son of Abraham and Katherine Deardurff, married Betsey Barker, of Charleston, Virginia. He purchased and kept a tavern at the old house now standing at the southeast corner of Skidmore and Broad streets; its quaint woodwork and outside plastered walls attest its age. The smithy, just opposite, was kept by him, and the little brick store just west was conducted as a bakery by his wife. They had one child, Percival, who married Sarah Davidson. He was for 's.everal years on the Little Miami Railroad. He died in 1874. His widow and daughters, Clara, Lucy and Anna, with their brother Orrin, still occupy the old homestead. One son, Irving, is dead ; the others, George, William, and Gustave, are living on the west side in good homes.

Abraham Deardurff, in the spring of 181 5, mounted on his trusty riding horse, started east on a business trip to dispose of the rest of his property, amounting to considerable. Several weeks pa9s,ed, when some newcomers led into the town his riderless horse, picked up near the border of Virginia - The saddlebags, supposed to have contained a goodly sum in gold, were slit open and empty. It was afterwards learned that his dead body, with a dirkknife thrust in the side, had been found and interred in the woods by travelers. His sons. David and Samuel, identified a few articles found on his person.

David Deardurff's numerous progeny still occupy some of the old town property, now grown valuable. One piece, costing but fifty dollars in 181 5, is now valued at ten thousand dollars. The old family Bible now owned by William Deardurff, of Newark, Ohio, (lost sight of for many years, ])ut recovered in 1891), shows the following recorded in the early days of the old town: David Deardurff, born February 6, 1785, died February 12, 1844. Elan King, born April 28, 1783, married. in October, 1807. Our first born, a son, Daniel David, August 7, 1808; Elias King, born August 7, 1809; John, born September 16, 181 1 ; Andrew Person, September 12, 1813: Eliza, March 16, 1817; Margaret, February 26, 1819; William, March 27, 1821 ; and Griffin, November 24, 1822. John, Eliza, and Daniel died in youth. Elias King grew up, married and lived in his grandmother's house, at the corner of Gift and Culbertson streets;, Franklinton. During the cholera siege of 1848 his last wife, Charity Clowson, himself, and two sons all succumbed to the plague in one week.

]ylrs. Katherine Deardurff, after the death of her husband Abraham, lived alone in the above named house, built by her son David, who had a lograising about 1816. It was on one of the old Sullivant plat lots, on South Gift street. This old relic was pulled down by boys in 1896. Then ^Villiam Deardurff, the III, only survivor of Elias, Avho had kept up the taxes for over twenty-five years, had the court to make him a deed ; then he sold it at a round sum to the Columbus Dash Company. They erected a large factory thereon.

David's house, on the opposite corner, still stands in good condition. It was built by him in 1807, of heavy walnut logs, cut along the "run" just east of it (later used as a mill-race, now Seward and Mill streets proper). These logs, carefully hewed, fitted, "clumked and daubed," formed a wall that is to-day as intact as when put up in the woods, ninetv-four vears, ap^o ; the woodwork is of oak, dovetailed in ; the fireplaces, high mantel-pieces, and heavy doorways, held up by huge wooden pins, show t'le old care-taking and skill of a true pioneer. There is in the cellar a queerly shaped pit, stone lined, for milk crocks. The old folks say it once held sweet, cool spring water. As the front room was used for the first gostoffice ever kept in the old settlement, the broad oak and ash floorboards show the imprint of many a long-forgotten foot. The heavy hand-hewed sills are in perfect preservation. David's son William was "bound out" to a tailor. When his "time" was up he married Miss Lizzie Smith, who died early. He afterward married Mrs. Martha Hanger, nee Hancock, of Logan countv, Ohio. He lived for over thirty years in Franklinton in the employ of the Little Miami Railroad. In 1889 he removed to a fine farm near. Urbana, but his new cares proved too much for this toilworn old man, and soon he laid aside his burden to rest in the "Land Ahead." His widow^ now almcst blind, survives to. mourn the absence of that calm, peaceful life of his that shed sunshine on all who knew the noble man. His sister Margaret went to Colorado in 1840 and died there, leaving a daughter at Storm Lake, Iowa.

Andrew Person moved to Monticello, 111., and conducted a grocery. He died in 1882, leaving one son, David, now a farmer in Ross county, Ohio.

David Deardurff's first wife. Elan, died in 1822. The following fall he found himself and his business, "postmaster and squire," hampered by so many little ones. He then married Elizabeth Griflin, a beautiful but frail young lady. With the advent of her pretty babe her sweet life went out, and she was tenderly placed beside Elan in the old Frankiinton graveyard, where twenty-six Deardurffs lie in a row.

To Darby Creek settlement about this time there came two brothers, Joshua and Benjamin Ford, also their sister Rachel, a tall, handsome, robust southern girl, originally from North Carolina and later from Maryland. She had been reared on her father's plantation, where blacks were numerous, but she, having Methodist ideas, freed her twenty-five slaves, for which she was disinherited. After this she came north with her brothers. Coming to town to trade, the family became acquainted with the Deardurffs, and Rachel, who had been taught by her old slave "mammy" to spin, knit, sew, bake and brew, was selected by Squire David for his last helijmeet, in 1823. Thus follows the last record: Rachel Ford, born at Ford Plantation, Maryland, January, 1798, granddaughter of Benjamin Ford, of England, and Elizabeth Benjamin, of Wales; daughter of Frederic and Margaret Ford, of Maryland. Harvey Broderic Deardurff, born March 12, 1824; Mary Jane, April, 1826; Matilda Angeline, February, 1828; Eli Gwynne, July, 1830; Samuel, September, 1832; Malinda (three pounds) and Clarinda (five pounds), twins, August 6, 1834; and Elizabeth, September 8, 1839.

Harvey Broderic Deardurff married Elizabeth Young about 1852. His was the lot to leave the old family name in the old town. He was a railroader for years, and after an accident he became a grocer. He was an ac- tive member of the city council. Thrifty and industrious, by his energy he 'accumulated considerable real estate. He died in 1881, leaving a family of eight children. His son William has a son and two daughters; James D. has six sons; and one daughter; Charles is a bachelor; Mary, Edward and Samuel are dead. One son and three daughters are left by Edward, and Mary left one daughter, Christina Sands, of Milwaukee, Wis. ; Katherine, Mrs. Albert Rickenbacher, has two sons and five daughters. Charlotte, Mrs. John Frank, has two daughters. The men mentioned above are sturdy workers and home owners in Franklinton. Mary Jane, David's eldest daughter, married Joseph Davidson and died in 1868, leaving eight children. Her eldest son, George, is a successful lousines'si man. His line bearing and Christian character, perseverance and energy are but some traitsi of the old stock cropping out. His popular store is but one square south of the old postoffice on South Gift Street, corner State Street - his mother's homestead. He is an active member of the Gift Street Methodist Episcopal church, the outgrowth of old Heath Chapel, where old "Daddy" Heath preached to his grandparents.

Matilda Angeline married Jacob Bauman, M. D., of Bellefontaine, Ohio, in 1844. Two sons and two daughters were theirs, but they have all passed over Time''S threshold, and are no more.

Eli Gwynne married Martha Gautz, of Grove City, in 1851. He was a carpenter by trade, migrated to Burlington, Iowa, became a railroad bridge contractor and is now retired comfortably at seventy-one years of age. He has a daughter, Frances Barcus, and a son, Jeremiah, of Fairfield, Iowa. Samuel D. died of typhus fever in 1853.

The twins were Malinda and Clarinda. The latter lives at North Columbus, or near by, and is hale and active. She married Jonathan IMoats in 1853, and is the mother of five living 'Sons and three daughters. Malinda Deardurff married George Davidson, Sr., and aided him in raising his four sons. He was a noble, upright man, descended from an old Virginia family who settled here early in 1800. A stroke of apoplexy ended his busy life in 1 88 1. He was missed in the Methodist Epi-xopal church and Magnolia Lodge, I. O. O. F. Malinda, who had resided in the city with her husband, then returned to the old place, which held for her peculiar charms, .^trange to say. she was the last of David's children to live on the old street ; she purchased a cottage on the north end of it, and there in comfort spent the last eighteen years of her life with her daughter Alice, now a prominent physician, and her two grandchildren, Carol and Bernice Gillespie. Here she pieced her two beautiful centennial quilts that created so much comment at the one hundredth anniversary of the settling of Franklin county, in September, 1897 - pieced to commemorate the date of her grandfather's arriving in the new country. One is a double compass of one hundred pDintf to the block; the other "Eastern Star," one hundred and twenty-eight pieces to the block, joined accurately, quilted feather pattern and neatly done. She was always noted for her fine needlework and excellent cooking. She and Clarinda were counted the belles of the place when girls, and two finer, handsomer, healthier women were not to be found at sixty-five. They were the finest looking old ladies of their class. By an unexpected attack of kidney trouble, on April 3, 1899, she breathed her last, bravely crossed from the dear old scenes where with the passing years changes had come and gone, changing a wild forest to a thriving city of one hundred thousand withii; sight of her first home. Thus went out the life of the last one of the old family left on the old site.

Emerson E. White, A. M., Ll. D.

Emerson Elbridge White, Master of Arts and Doctor of Laws, was born in Mantua, Portage county, Ohio, January 10, 1829, and spent his boyhood on the farm. His father, Jonas White, was a descendant of Captain Thomas White, who settled in Weymouth, Massachusetts, as early as 1632, and whose father was a member of the "long" parliament of England.

Between the ages of five and ten years he attended the district school three months in winter and three months in summer, and between ten and sixteen three months in winter. When he was seventeen he taught a winter school in a neighboring district; attended the Twinsburg Academy the following autumn; and taught a district school in Mantua the next winter. In the spring he returned to the academy to prepare for college. He paid his way in the academy in good part by teaching, but stopped one year to take charge of the academy in Mount Union, Ohio, now Mount Union College.

He entered Cleveland University under President Mahan, and soon took extra work as an instructor in mathematics. Early in his senior year he was induced to take charge of one of the Cleveland grammar schools for two months, in place of the principal, who was ill. Suspending his duties for the time, he undertook the double work of teaching a city school and also two university classes out of school hours. At the close of this service he was surprised by an appointment as principal of a new grammar school to be opened in February. He had planned to begin the study of law on completing his college course, but needing money he accepted the position, intending to fill it but a year and a half, meanwhile completing his university studies. He resigned at the close of his fourth year, but was at once appointed principal of the Central high school, at an increased salary. He gave up law and continued school work.

It was in these two Cleveland schools that Mr. White won his spurs as a superior teacher. In the grammar school he discarded th^ traditional rote work and introduced new and more effective methods of teaching the several branches - methods that awakened interest and secured rapid progress. English grammar was put out of the lower grades and language work insti- tilted. The methods used in teaching gejDgraphy were pubHshed in a Httle manual that was widely used for years. The same improved work characterized the high school. Its little chemical laboratory for actual work by the students, started by the former principal, Mr. Andrew Freese, was one of the first, if not the first, in the country. Only natural incentives were used in both schools and they were apparently "self-governing."

In 1856 he resigned his position in the Cleveland high school to accept the superintendency of the public schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, a position which he filled with eminent ability and success until i860. Here he introduced reforms in teaching years in advance of prevailing methods. He accepted this position on the expressed conditions that he was to be entrusted with the internal management of the schools, including the assignment of teachers, the course of study, the grading and promotion of pupils, and similar work, and further, that he should not be subjected to the annoyance of an annual election, it being understood that he would resign on receiving due notice from the board' that his work was not satisfactory. His relations to the board and the teachers was characterized by the highest confidence and harmony. The schools were thoroughly and wisely reorganized.

Early in 1861 he removed to Columbus to take charge of the Ohio Educational Monthly, which he purchased. He conducted the journal for fifteen years, making it the leading educational journal in the country. In 1870 he published a national edition of the Monthly with the title of the National Teacher, a journal of wide circulation and great influence. In these two journals were advocated most of the reforms in school administration, instruction and discipline which have since been realized in the best schools.

In 1863 Mr. White was honored by an appointment as state commissioner of common schools of Ohio, and in that position he was instrumental in securing important legislation for the improvement of the schools, the more notable measures being the law which created the existing institute system of Ohio, the law creating the state board of examiners, and the provision requiring all teachers to possess an adequate knowledge of the theory and practice of teaching. In 1865 he prepared a codified edition of the school law, with opinions and directions, the whole constituting a valuable manual for school officers. His last service was the submission to the general assembly of a special report (authorized by the previous assembly by a joint resolution), recommending a plan of organizing needed normal training for the teachers of the state. Mr. White was the youngest man who has been called to this important position, being but thirty-four at the time he entered upon its duties, but no other commissioner prior to 1890 had rendered more important service. He retired from the commissionership in 1866 and the succeeding ten years were spent in conducting bis two educational journals and in lecturing in teachers' institutes in Ohio and other states, his service in this capacity being in wide demand at the highest compensation paid.

Lafayette, Indiana, bringing to the position unnsnal qualifications and resources. He laid the foundation of the young institution on an original plan, and so wisely that no essential change has since been made. The institution has grown like a tree putting out new branches. He continued in this position for over seven years, during which the number of students increased over seven-fold! He resigned in 1883 and removed to Cincinnati to engage in literary work, and he' was thus employed when elected, in 1886, superintendent of the public schools of the city. As superintendent of the Cincinnati schools Dr. White introduced reforms in instruction and management of the most beneficial character (changes that attracted the attention of the country), and the legislature of the state indicated its high confidence by entrusting him with the appointment of all teachers employed in the schools, subject to the board's approval - a new departure in school administration. At the close of bis first term of service he was unanimously re-elected, and his salary raised from thirty-five hundred to forty-five hundred dollars a year. He retired from the position in 1889 and has since engaged in literary work.

Dr. White has been the instructor and lecturer on psychology and pedagogy in several of the leading summer schools in the country, has been called to instruct teachers in scores of cities, and is increasingly in demand as an instructor in teachers' institutes and other associations. No educator in the country has a higher reputation as a lecturer on education, and he has few superiors as a platform orator, being often compared with Wendell Phillips.

Dr. White has been prominent for many years in state and national educational associations. He was the president of the Ohio Teachers' Association in 1863; of the National Superintendents' Association in 1868; of the National Educational Association in 1872; and of the National Council of Education in 1884-5. He has taken high rank as a writer, especially on education. His papers and addresses before associations and conventions are noted for great excellence. Several have been published by the United States Bureau of Education, and widely disseminated. His masterly addresses on "Moral Training in Public Schools," "School Administration in Cities." "The Country School Problem," "Election in General Education," "The Duty of the State in Education," and other subjects, have exerted a wide and salutary influence. Dr. White's recent contributions to educational journals deal with live questions in a virile and able manner and are read with keen appreciation.

Dr. White has written a number of text-books for schools which have met actual school requirements in a very satisfactory manner. In his twentyfourth year, when the principal of the Clinton street school, Cleveland, he prepared a "Class Book of Geography," which had a large sale. Four years later he wrote the "Bryant and Stratton Commercial Arithmetic," which was widely used in the business colleges of the country and also in counting-houses.

His school arithmetics, first issued in 1870, have been especially popular and are extensively and increasingly used in the best schools of the country. The new series, consisting of "Oral Lessons in Number'' (for teachers), the "First Book of Arithmetic" and the "New Complete Arithmetic," are believed to have no superior. They present in practical form the most approved methods of instruction. In 1894 Dr. White edited the "Elements of Geometry," written by Professor Macnie, and in 1896 prepared his "School Algebra," which has received the highest commendation of the teachers of mathematics in colleges and secondary schools.

Dr. White's works on pedagogy for teachers have been remarkably successful. His "Elements of Pedagogy," issued in 1896, was received with great favor, being declared by competent judges to be "the ablest treatise on the subject written by an American." It has been used as a text-book in nearly all the normal and training schools in the country. His "School Management," issued in 1893, was at once recognized as a work of the highest practical value. It is believed that no other book on pedagogy has so wide a circle of readers. In these two books Dr. White has presented a system of pedagogy at once scientific, clear and practical. He is now preparing a work on "The Art of Teaching," and other works may follow.

In 1866 Dr. White read a paper before the National Superintendents' Association, at Washington, advocating the establishment of a national bureau of education. The paper was adopted by the association and Dr. White was made the chairman of a committee appointed to memorialize congress on the subject. He prepared an able memorial, and, at the request of General Garfield, framed the bill for the creation of the new department, with the title of the "Bureau of Education." Both the memorial and the bill were introduced into congress by General Garfield and the bill, amended by substituting Department for "Bureau," became the law under which the bureau has been administered.

In 1890 Dr. White prepared for the National Bureau of Education a monograph on "Promotions and Examinations in Graded Schools." The large edition issued was early exhausted, and, to meet the continued demand for it, a second edition was published in 1898. This monograph has exerted a wide and wholesome influence on school administration in cities.

Dr. White has long been a prominent layman in the Presbyterian church. In 1877 and again in 1896 he was sent as a lay delegate to the \\'orld's Presbyterian Council held respectively in Edinburg and Glasgow, Scotland, and in 1890 he was appointed by the general assembly a member of the committee to revise the confession of faith. He has been for years the president of the board of trustees of Lane Theological Seminary, of Cincinnati.

Dr. White received the degree of Master of Arts from the ^^'e?tern Reserve University, and in 1876 the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the Indiana State University and also by Marietta College, Ohio.

he had five children. He now resides in Cokimbus, Ohio. stiH in the prime of his powers. In Dr. White are strikingly exemphfied those characteristics and principles which are necessary in positions demanding eminent moral and executive ability. His life has been a succession of high achievements and honors.

This society was organized in the city of Columbus, on April 27, 1897, by Professors Edward Orton and Samuel C. Derby, oi the Ohio State University; Major Harry P. Ward, Messrs. Frank T. Cole, Daniel H. Gard. Wordsworth Gard, William G. Pengelly, Kenneth D. Wood, Mrs. Mary E. Rath-Merrill, Mrs. Angeline B. Chapiin, Miss May M. Scott, and Dr. Lucius C. Herrick. After adopting a constitution and by-laws, the following officers were elected: President, Edward Orton, Ph.D., LL.D. ; vice-president, Samuel Carroll Derby, A. M. ; secretary and librarian, Lucius Carroll Herrick, M. D. ; treasurer, William George PengeHy; executive committee - Frank Theodore Cole, A. B., LL. B. ; May Mermod Scott, A. B.

On May 22, 1897, a meeting was called for the purpose of making application for a charter, and the charter was issued by the secretary of state of the state of Ohio. The purpose of the society is thus set forth in a circular which was .sent out soon after its organization : "To collect a library pri^ marily devoted to local history and genealogy; to gather material for the history of particular events, localities, and persons closely connected with the settlement and development of the states formed from the Northwest Territory ; to ascertain the location, amount and condition of the various public and private records wdiich are, or may become, accessible to students of genealogy and local history; and to aid investigations of this nature by combining the efforts and resources of its members. The society wdll seek also to direct public attention to the value of complete and exact public records and to emphasize the necessity of unremitting care in their collection and preservation."

In January, 1898, the society issued the first number of its magazine, the "Old Northwest," a genealogical quarterly, which has been issued regularly ever since, under the editorial supervision of the secretary. Dr. Herrick, taking at once a respectable position in thi& country wherever it has become known. Among the various matters it has published and rescued from oblivion are monumental inscriptions from two abandoned burial grounds in F'ranklin county; also, at its beginning, it commenced the publication of the marriage records of Franklin county, which wall comprise all now at the probate office, from the first organization of the county to the year 1830. It has also published valuable records from the Episcopal church at W^orthington.

The society now occupies a room at No. 106 East Broad street, Columbus, where the secretary is in attendance during tlje afternoon of each w^eek- day. The membership consists of the following kinds : life, resident, associate, corresponding and honorary. Resident membership is confined to residents of the states formed from the old Northwest Territory, and associate members are those residing in other states. The membership of the various kinds now extends throughout the length and breadth of the country, and Great Britain, Ireland and Canada are represented in its corresponding membership.

The library, started with a few books and pamphlets, presented by mem-, bers, and others donated by authors for notice in the quarterly, now has six hundred and seventy-five entries in its accessions book, all acquired by donation in the same way, the society having no money with which to purchase books. It now possesses some books of great value, and the number and value of its acquisitions rapidly increase as times goes on, - showing that the objects of the society and the value of its publications are being appreciated in the same ratio that they are becoming known to the genealogical world.

At the present time, 1901, the principal officers of the society are : James Buckingham, of Zanesville, Ohio, president ; Colonel William A. Taylor, vicepresident for Ohio; Lucius C. Herrick, M. D., secretary and librarian; Alexander W. Mackenzie, treasurer; Professor Samuel C. Derby, A. M., historian, all residents of Columbus, - besides which are a vice president and honorary vice-president for the states of Indiana, Illinois', ]\Iichigan and Wisconsin, and an honorary vice-president for such states as have associate or corresponding members.

The medical profession is well represented in Columbus, Ohio, and among the successful and prominent practitioners is Schuyler Orville Giffin, who was born in Cass county, Indiana, coming with his family to Ohio when but an infant. He is the son of John V. and Anna (Young) Giffin, residents of Miami county, Ohio, and was there reared and attended the public schools. Choosing medicine as his profession, he put forth every educational effort in that direction, finally graduating at the Medical College of Ohio in 1886. As soon as he had completed his professional course he entered into practice near his old home in Pleasant Hill, Miami county, Dut removed to Columbus in September, 1887, locating in the northeastern part of the city, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice.

Dr. Giffin has taken a deep interest in the development of his section of the city, as a member of the council for the years 1888-9. He was appointed a member of the board of commissioners of Franklin county, and in May, 1900, was made the secretary of the board. He is also the secretary of the League of Ohio Municipalities. He is a Republican in his political opinions and has been active in the councils of his party. Socially he is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Junior Order of United American ]\Ie-

Dr. Giffin married Miss Minnette Vause, of Columbus. He has one brother, George E., in the Philippines, connected with the hospital corps. During his residence in Columbus Dr. Giffin has shown so much public spirit that he is recognized as a leader in the enterprises calculated to be of benefit to the city. He is personally popular and possesses the esteem of a large circle of friends.

James Kilbourne

Jamesi Kilbourn'e, one of the most distinguished citizens of Columbus, whose name figures prominently in connection with business, social and political events in the capital, was born October 9, 1841, in the city which is still his place of residence. He comes of a family noted for its patriotism and good citizenship. His grandfather, Colonel James Kilbourne, was one of Ohio's first pioneers and the first to' represent his county in congress. His father, Lincoln Kilbourne, was a leading merchant of Columbus, and thus for many years the family has been prominently identified with the commercial history of the city.

James Kilbourne was graduated with high honors at Kenyon College in 1862, and two years later received the degree of master of arts. The day after he passed his last examination, he enlisted in the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteers, was transferred to the Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with distinction from the beginning to the end of the war, being promoted through the various grades to that of captain, and being breveted major, lieutenant colonel and colonel of the United States Volunteers. During a part of this period Colonel Kilbourne served on the staflfs of General J, M. Tuttle and General John MacArthur. His war record is one of great gallantry.

After the close of the war Colonel Kilbourne entered the Law School of Harvard, where he was graduated in 1868, but he very soon decided to take up a more active occupation than law and entered business with his father. A few years later, he founded The Kilbourne & Jacobs Manufacturing Company, the largest corporation of its' kind in the world, and of which he became president and general manager. He is one of the largest employers of labor in Ohio, and his relations with his employes have always been ideal. Neither against him nor the company managed by him has there ever been brought a suit of law, and never have the wages of any man employed by him been reduced. He was a director, and in 1895 was president of the board of trade of Columbus ; was vice-chairman of the Franklinton centennial committee in 1897; has been a director of the Columbus Club and four times its president, and also one of the earliest presidents of the Arlington Country Club. He is a director of the First National Bank and the Clinton National Bank, of the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo, and of the Columbus, Cincin-

James Kilbourhe

For many years he has been president of the board of trustees of the Columbus Public Library, and largely instrumental in the growth of that institution. He is president of the Kenyon College Association of Central Oliio, also president of the Central Ohio Harvard Club. He is a life member of ihe Ohio Archaeological Society, and vice-president of the Old Northwest Genealogical Society. His fondness for children and* his sympathy for them led him to institute the Columbus Children's Hospital, of which he w^as president for five years. He is the president of the Columbus Neighborhood Guild Association, and is a member of of the board of managers, of the Associated Charities of Columbus'. He attends the Protestant Episcopal church and is a vestryman at St. Paul's.

An elocjuent, persuasive speaker. Colonel Kilbourne is continually called upon by his party to address the people, and has often been publicly urged to serve as candidate for mayor, governor, congressman and senator. He was a delegate from the Twelfth Ohio congressional district to the Democratic i.'ational conventions in 1892 and in 1896, and at the Ohio Democratic state convention in 1898 received two hundred and thirty-seven votes for the nomination for governor. In 1900 he was a delegate at large to the convention at Kansas City and was chairman of the delegation. He w^as nominated by acclamation for governor at the Democratic state convention at Columbus, July 10, 1901. He was appointed by Governor Campbell one of the commissioners from Ohio to the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, but w'as compelled to decline from stress of business cares. In 1898 he was appointed a member of the Ohio Centennial Commission, and although the majority of the commission were Republicans, he was by nearly a unanimous vote elected president.

Besides being a member of the Grand Army, the Union Veteran Legion and the Loyal Legion, Colonel Kilbourne was formerly vice-president of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee. He also belongs to the Sons of the American Revolution. At his home, also, was organized the Columbus Cuban League, which accomplished much in aid of the people of that island. Since its organization he has been president of the league. When the Spanish- American w^ar broke out his services were tendered immediately to the governor, and the loyalty of his family was further attested by the offer of the services of his three sons. Of the sons and' grandsons of Colonel Kilbourne's father, ten offered their services and seven were in the army, all but one seeing active foreign, service.

On the 5th of October, 1869, Colonel Kilbourne was' married to Anna B. Wright, the eldest daughter of General George B. Wright, and they have four children, three sons and a daughter. James Russell, the eldest, was born December 24, 1870, and is vice-president of the Kilbourne & Jacobs Manufacturing Company. He attended the University of Virginia and is a member of the Sigma Phi fraternity. In 1895 he was elected as a Democrat to represent FrankHn county in the s'eventy-second general assembly, receiving the largest majority given any member of the delegation from that county. He was at one time a lieutenant of Battery H, First Light Artillery, Ohio National Guard. He was abroad at the beginning of the war with Spain. Returning he recruited a company of cavalry, but was unable to secure its acceptance by the government. George Bancroft, the second son, is president and general manager of the Kentucky Extract Company, is a graduate of Williams College, a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society and of the Sigma Phi fraternity. He enlisted as private in the Fourth Ohio Volunteers, served in Puerto Rico, and was promoted to second sergeant for gallantry in action, and was one of four officers and men in his regiment recommended to receive a medal for bravery. His youngest son, Lincoln, born September 30, 1874, is purchasing agent of the Kilbourne & Jacobs Manufacturing Company. Presented himself for enlistment during war with Spain, but was rejected on account of sickness at the time. He attended Williams College, and is a member of the Sigma Phi fraternity. Alice Kilbourne was born August 7, 1877.

Professor William Ashbrook Kellerman, of the department of botany in the Ohio State University, was born in Ashville, Ohio, May i, 1850. When he was five years of age his parents removed from the village to a farm in Fairfield county, where their large family of children had the usual propitious advantages of country life and a fair public school.

His father, who was of German descent, was a man of energy and ability, prominently identified with local public affairs, being especially active in promoting improvements in the roads, schools and schoolhouses and taking an active interest in the agricultural fair, the grange, the township cemetery and other public concerns. He was also deeply interested in politics, and occasionally accepted a township office, but firmly resisted the repeated requests of his fellow townsmen that he should become a candidate for a county office or for representative to the state legislature; his farm dtities were urged as a sufficient excuse. There his work was neat and thorough and his neighbors characterized his place as a model farm. He kept improved breeds of stock and new machinery, and the best implements were found upon the place, including good, light tools, suitable for boys.

The mother of our subject, who was of German lineage on the paternal side and of English descent on the maternal side, was a woman of unflagging energy, marked conscientiousness and was unselfishly devoted to the interests of her family. Both parents were deprived' of good school advantages in their early days, but fully appreciated the necessity and importance of proper education. Books, newspapers and' pictures were found in the home. A more propitious environment for tlie development of tlie ten children could scarcely be desired, and all the members of the family duly profited by their opportunities.

The subject of this sketch, like the other children, aided in the work, joined in the play, and attended the district school until sixteen years of age. Though going to school only upon persistent, daily urging in his earlier years - his reluctance attributed mainly to timidity and bashfulness - later he fully appreciated and keenly enjoyed the school. At about the age of twelve the distinct purpose of teaching as a life work had become fixed in his mind, and all of his subsecjuent study and reading was influenced by that determination. One book, the first scientific book he ever read, Darwin's Origin of Species, should here be mentioned, because its slow and careful perusal exerted a marked influence on the taste and trend of thought, and may be said to have determined the department of knowledge that in later life was to be his field of mental work.

At the age of seventeen Professor Kellerman taught a winter term of school in a township adjoining that in which he resided. The following summer he continued preparation for his chosen calling, as a student in an academy ; in the succeeding winter he taught a country school nearer home, after which he began regular preparation for college in the Fairfield Academy, at Pleasantville, Ohio. The work here was mainly in the languages and mathematics, yet the elements of various branches of the national sciences were not wholly neglected. About that time he began the study of botany and it proved to be so attractive that it was never afterward relinquished. In the winter of 1870 the principalship of the school at Lithopolis, Ohio, was held by him, and in the following September he became a student in Cornell University. There most of his attention was given to the natural sciences, botany receiving the major portion of his time and energy. In 1874 he won the degree of Bachelor of Science and immediately afterward received an appointment to a professorship of natural science in the Wisconsin State Normal School, at Oshkosh, on Lake Winnebago. Here in a new institution was opportunity for pioneer work both in the way of improved science-teaching and developing an educational museum of s'cience, and his work in that direction was pronounced successful in a high degree during the five years of his connection wath the institution.

In 1879 Professor Kellerman resigned that position for the purpose of attending the German universities during thie followins- two years. One year was spent in north Germany, at the University of Goettingen, and one year in the University of Zurich, in Switzerland. Besides the chief work in botany, especially in mycology, some of the courses of lectures were heard on related branches of natural history. The degree of Doctor of Philsophy he received in 1881, this being awarded with high encomium. It was here, under the guidance of the late Dr. George \\^inter. one of the most eminent of the German mycologists, that the special study of fungi was seriously and enthusiastically undertaken, and it has since been the specialty to which Dr. Kellerman has devoted his attention, not, however, in the meantime abating his efforts in the matter of up-to-date science-teaching, lecturing and writing.

In 1 88 1 he was tendered and accepted a professorship in the State College of Kentucky, but the facilities there were primitive or altogether absent, and the college finances were unsatisfactory. These conditions suggested the desirability of a change of location and accordingly the position was resigned at the close of the first year, and for a few months thereafter be gave his attention to the completion of a school text-book on botany on an altogether different plan from those extant in the country at that time. It was modeled after and largely imitated the scope of German botanies and German science. Though unsuccessful from the financial point of view since it found its way into but few^ schools, and not being revised, was soon out of date, yet it received the attention of botanical writers, the judgment being at the time that "it conies nearer to filling a serious gap in botanical literature than any other thus far published."

In 1883 Professor Kellerman accepted a professorship in the Kansas State Agricultural College and in that institution opportunity w^as again offered him for the development of a botanical department practically dc novo, with the scope and method of teaching broader and more liberal than previously had been possible of attainment. The study of plants and animals, - for zoology as well as botany was included in the Work, - rather than the study of a text-book about them, and direct observation of the organisms in their natural environment, was the keynote and spirit of study and teaching, and of course could not be otherwise than acceptable and successful. It implied, too, the accumulation of material, and hence the foundation, of an educational museum and local or state herbarium, since developed to a high degree.