Columbus City (part 34 of 57)

Our subject, Robert Thompson, spent the first nineteen years of his life upon the farm, and received the educational advantages afforded by the district schools, later attending the village school in Dublin. Opportunity offering, he studied telegraphy, at Pow^ell, Ohio, and for six months was employed as an operator for the Hocking Valley Railroad. In 1888 Mr. Thompson became a candidate for county recorder on the Democratic ticket, receiving^ a handsome majority in the election. So acceptably did he perform the duties of the office that in 1891 he was re-elected, and served in all for a period of six years. After his retirement from the duties of recorder he entered into the business of dealing in real estate and loans, the fine property in the city and the fertile farm lands offering an extensive field.

In 1884 Mr. Thompson was united in marriage to Miss Stella Evans, a niece of the well known jurist. Judge George Evans, but her death occurred in the fall of 1898, tw^o children, Robert and Belle, surviving her.

Politically, Mr. Thompson has always affiliated with the Democratic party and for the past fifteen years has been one of the faithful occupants of the office in the gift of the party. In 1900 he was honored wath an appointment as chairman of the Democratic executive committee. Socially Mr. Thompson is a member of New England Ledge, No. 4, A. F. and A. M. ; of Horeb Chapter, R. A. M., both at Worthington ; and is also a member of Lodge No. 39, B. P. O. E., at Columbus.

Popularity as a railroad official arises from two or three causes. One of these is close attention to duty, another keen discrimination, and the third is an obliging manner. Possessed of all these qualities Mr. Jarvis has become one of the most popular of the younger engineers on the Pennsylvania road. He now resides at No. 388 Denmead avenue, Columbus, and is' numbered among Ohio's native sons, for his birth occurred in Gettysburg, on the 16th of January, 1865. His paternal grandfather was Rev. Jesse Jarvis, a resident of New Harrison, Darke county, Ohio, where he died in 1862. His' son, Parker Jarvis, the father of our subject, was born in this state and served throughout the Civil war as a member of the Eighth and Forty-fourth Regiments of Ohio Volunteers, but while in the service he contracted disease which caused his death in 1866. He had married Miss Mary Jane Sheals, who is still living at the old home in Gettysburg. Her father' was a farmer, residing in Darke county, Ohio, where he died in 1899, at a very advanced age. He was a son of Patrick Shields, also an agriculturist, owning many sections of land in Darke county. The latter's father, Abraham Shields, came to Ohio from the east and took up his' abode in Darke county at a verv earlv dav. His descend- ants are still living in that locality and are prominent and successful farmers. Charles W. Jarvis is indebted to the public school system of Gettysburg, Ohio, for the educational privileges which he enjoyed in his youth. At a later day he entered Ada College, at Ada. Ohio, and was' graduated in that institution in 1888. Two years later he entered the employ of the Panhandle Railroad Company as a fireman and acted in that capacity for about nine years, when in 1899 he was made engineer, in which capacity he has since served. He belongs to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and to the Odd Fellows Lodge, in Columbus.

Mr. Jarvis was married in 1891, in Middleburg, Logan county, Ohio, to Miss Kate Whittaker, whose grandparents were also natives of Logan county. Her parents. Dr. and Mrs. Whittaker, now reside in Columbus. Her father served as surgeon in the Fourteenth Ohio Artillery during the Civil war. His wife's brothers, Joseph and George Speece, were members of an Ohio regiment during the war and the former was killed in battle, while the latter died soon after the close of hostilities from disease contracted during his service. In the year 1895 Dr. Whittaker brought his family to Columbus, coming to the city from Middleburg, Ohio. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Jarvis have been born three children : Parker Whittaker, born April 28, 1893 ; Charles E., born August 28, 1895; and Nettie B., born April 22, 1897. The parents hold membership in the Disciple church of Columbus and have a large circle of friends in the city where they have made their home since 1893.

Logan C. Newsom

No adequate history of Logan C. Newsom can be written until many of the useful enterprises with which he has been connected have completed their full measure of good in the world, yet there is much concerning him that can with profit be set down here as an illustration of what can be done if a man with a clear brain and willing hands but sets himself seriously to the real labors and responsibilities of life.

Through a long period he name of Logan C. Newsom has appeared upon the roll of prominent business men of Columbus. He was born in Gallia county. Ohio, near Gallipolis, in 185 1, his parents being Julius L. and Elizabeth (Gibbs) Newsom. His father was a native of Gallia county, born in 18 10, and was for many years engaged in merchandising and farming, his life labors being ended in death in the year 1878. His mother, also a native of Gallia county, was born in 1815 and was reared and educated there. The grandfather was a native of Virginia, born near the Natural bridge. He married Miss Gabrielle Menanger. who was the first wdiite child born in the French colony which was organized about 1791, her family having been driven from France on account of religious persecution.

Logan C. Newsom spent the days of his childhood and youth in the county of his nativity and was allowed the privilege of attending its public schools and later became a student in the Home Academy. He afterward continued his studies in the Steubenville high school through a three years' course, and on leaving that institution he went to New York city where he entered the employ of the New York Transfer Company. Subsequently he removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in the grain busmess and later returned to Ohio, where he opened the cooperage department of the Ohio penitentiary, and as its foreman engaged in the manufacture of casks, superintending the penal labor. A change in the administration relieved him of that position. He then became a contractor of public works of the city of Columbus in the construction of sewers, laying the pipes and doing other kinds of contract work of a large nature. He constructed many miles of sewers in the city, employing at times a force of six hundred rnen. To successfully engage in this line of business requires a comprehensive and accurate knowledge of mechanical engineering and of all the scientific principles which underlie that branch of industry. His business, so extensive in volume, brought to him a handsome financial return and he ultimately became interested in banking, aiding in organizing the First National Bank, of which he became one of the principal stockholders. He was also connected with the Electric Light Company and was one of its heavy stockholders. In 1897, however, he disposed of his banking interests and his stock in the electric hght and machine shops and retired from active business on account of failing health. He now devotes his attention to the management of the Moneypenny estate. He is a stockholder in the Central Ohio Trust Company, of Columbus. The many important business concerns with wdiich he has been connected indicate his superior ability. His wise council has been an important factor in the successful conduct of many leading enterprises and seldom, if ever, is his business judgment at fault regarding the best policy for the conduct of any commercial, industrial or financial concern.

In 1885 Mr. Newsom was united in marriage to IMiss Sally AI. Moneypenny, a daughter of the late William and Alaria (Branson) Moneypenny. Her father was one of the most prominent and wealthy citizens of Columbus and the family has long occupied a leading position in social circles of the city. Mr. and Mrs. Newsom now have two children, Helen M. and William M., the former now in school. Their home is at No. 492 East Broad street. Endowed by nature with a sound judgment and an accurate and discriminating mind, Mr. Newsom has feared not that laborious attention to the details of business so necessary to achieve success, and this essential quality has ever been guided by a sense of moral right which would tolerate the employment of only those means that will bear the most rigid examination and by a fairness of intent that neither seeks nor requires disguise.

Franklin G. Hunt

Franklin G. Hunt, one of the popular and efficient passenger conductors of the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus railroad, residing at No. 326 Cleveland avenue, in tlie capital city, was born Julv 21. 1859. on a farm near Mount

Vernon, in Knox county, Ohio. He represents one of the old New England families. His paternal great-grandfather, Jonathan Hunt, was born in that section of the country and in an^ early day emigrated westward, becoming one of the first settlerb' of Knox county, Ohio, and the subject of this review has heard him relate many of his early experiences with the Indians in those days. The red men were befriended by both him and his wife in many ways and in consequence Mr. and Mrs. Hunt received from them kind treatment and did not suffer from the pilferings of the Indians' as so many of their neighbors did. Jonathan H^unt li\-ed to the advanced age of ninety-seven years. Thomas Hunt, the grandfather of our subject, was accidentally killed in the woods by the falling of a tree when his son Thomas, the father of our subject, was but seventeen years of age. He was' born on a farm five miles south of Mount Vernon, Ohio, at what was called Hunt's station, on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. His son, Richard Hunt, had a sawmill there in an early day and when the railroad was built furnished the ties and bridge material for its construction. Thomas Hunt, the father of our subject, learned the carpenter's' trade with his father with whom he worked until the latter's death. He and his wife now reside in Mount Vernon, Ohio. Their eldest son, John C, when eighteen years of age became an employe of the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Railroad Company and served as one of its conductors for many years', resigning that position in 1896, since which time he has been engaged in the undertaking business in Mount Vernon. Charles R. Hunt, the second son of the family, is now twenty-eight years of age and is' serving as night yardmaster of the Grand Rapids & Indiana railroad at Petosky. Clinton Hunt, who is now twenty-two years of age, is in the dry-goods business in Mount Vernon. Everett, another brother, died in 1870, when five years of age. In the family were two sisters, but both are now deceased. Belle having died in 1888 wdien twenty-four years of age; while Kith died in 1889 at the age of eighteen years, after an illness of only twenty-four hours, her demise being caused by spinal meningitis.

Franklin G. Hunt acquired his early education in the country schools which he attended during the winter seasons. Through the remainder of the year he worked with his father until twenty years of age when he determined to enter the railroad service and secured a position as brakeman on the Baltimore & Ohio, running out of Newark the most of the time on the Sandusky division. He w^as thus employed for a year after which he accepted a position on the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus railroad. He was for some years a brakeman on a freight train and was afterward brakeman, express messenger and baggage master on a passenger train, being thus employed for seven years. While acting as yardmaster at Mount Vernon, he lost one of the fingers on his left hand, but this is the only personal injury he has ever sustained in the railway service. For some years he has been a passenger conductor and' is' one of the popular employes of the road. He is a member of Division No. 100 of the Order of Railway Conductors, of Columbus, and also belongs to the Catholic Order of Foresters.

On the 4th of July, 1883, in Wooster, Ohio, Mr. Hunt was united in marriage to Miss Mary Crehain. Her parents are both deceased. Her father,, Eugene Crehain, was a foreman on a section of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago railroad for many years, residing at Orrville, Ohio. Later he removed to Wooster, Ohio, and one day while at his post of duty he was struck by a passing train and killed, this occurring in 1882 when he was fifty-five years of age. He was a native of Ireland and had come to America with his parents, residing in New York until after his marriage, when with his wife he came west. She too was a native of Ireland and had been brought to the United States in her girlhood. Her death occurred in 1897, when she was sixty-two years of age. They had three children, namely : Mrs. Hunt ; Richard, who is' in the boot and shoe business in Wooster, Ohio ; and Anna, who resides with her brother in that city. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hunt has been blessed with one son, Eugene, who was born April 3, 1884. He acquired his education in St. Patrick's school, Columbus, and in Parson's Business College, where he was graduated. In the spring of 1900 he w-as offered and accepted a position as assistant bookkeeper and cashier with the firm of Kingan & Coof, of this city. The families are members of the Catholic church and both Mr. and Mrs. Hunt are widely known in Columbus.

The subject of this sketch was the son of the Rev. Izrahiah Wetmore,. the youngest of a family of twelve children. His mother died a few months after his birth, and while he was yet in his boyhood his father also died. Notwithstanding the loss of his parents at so early an age, he was enabled by the practice of industry and economy to acquire a thorough education. Entering Yale College in 1800, he completed the required course and was graduated in 1804. There he was associated with many who in after life were distinguished for excellence in their respective public relations. On the roll of his classmates we find the honored names of Ezra S. Ely, Christopher E. Gadsden, Richard C. Lansing, John Pierpont, Henry R. Stone and John C. Calhoun.

Having completed his preparations for the practical duties of life. Dr. Wetmore entered upon the study of law, which, however, he did not long pursue, abandoning it for a profession more in consonance with the kindly and generous qualities of his heart and mind. In 1805 he commenced the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Henry, of Lansingburg, New York, and at the same time taught in the academy at that place, under the charge of Rev. Samuel Blatchford. He continued his medical studies with Dr. Eli Bunet, of Troy, and, having attended medical lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of New York, he received from the censors of the Rensselaer County Medical Society a license to practice medicine and surgery, March 15, 1808.

to Water ford, in 1810, and there he was early admitted to the confidence of leading families and received the warm support of many friends. During the war of 1812 he was commissioned by Governor Tompkins, surgeon of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment, New York Infantry, but was only a short time in active service, peace having been declared soon after the regiment was ordered to the field.

In the year 18 14 he married Eliza, a daughter of John Rathbone, of New York city. Mr. Rathbone was a wealthy retired merchant, being the owner of large and valuable tracts of land in Ohio and his name is even yet familiar to many persons in the state.

In 18 1 6 Dr. Wetmore removed to New York city, where he at once formed new acquaintances and made new friends and was soon established in a lucrative practice. His father-in-law, having, as has be'en stated, extensive land interests in Ohio, he was induced to remove to this state in 18 19. On the 7th of November of that year he started in a two-horse wagon from New York city on his journey to Ohio with his wife and three young children, and a man and a maid servant, arriving in Zanesville on the ist of December. There he tarried a few days with his brother-in-law, Dr. D. W. Rhodes, and then proceeded to Worthington, arriving at Demas Adams' Hotel on the 1 8th of December. His first professional call in Worthington was on January 4, 1820, to the house of Jonathan Parks, an obstetrical case; and his second case was on the 6th of January, to attend the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, the first bishop of the diocese of Ohio. On the 31st of December, 1820, the following entry appears upon his books: "This ends the year 1820, being one year and two weeks residence in Ohio. On the 13th of November, removed from the village and commenced housekeeping on Rathbone, section No. I, in my own house, having a log house and stable not furnished, although comfortable. Family all well. Charged last year, or rather this year, $637.81." It will be remembered that this was the day of low prices in all the various callings of life, professional and otherwise. During this year the following entries, among others, appeared on the books, namely: "Demas Adams, to visit for wife, twenty-five cents. Ezra Ginnall, visit for son, twenty-five cents. Bishop Chase, to visit, emetic tartar for son and extracting tooth for wife, fifty cents." The Bishop's Tesidence was one mile south of Kilborne Hotel. Other charges ranging from twenty-five to seventy-five cents for visits and medicine are found running through the year. In those days there were no prescription druggists and every physician was obliged of necessity to furnish the medicines prescribed.

On removing to his farm Dr. Wetmore continued his profession, combining with it agricultural pursuits, and soon became widely known as a skillful and successful physician. At an early date sickness pevailed to an alarming with it agricultural pursuits, and soon became widely known as a skillof time for the Doctor to start from home on a circuit of many miles, from Alum creek to the Scioto, from the southern part of Delaware county to the Darby plains, returning after an absence of two days or more. The road in many places was a mere track through the woods, admitting of travel on. horseback only. The hardships and exposure incident to the profession had its effect upon a constitution never robust and his infirm health compelled him to withdraw from the active discharge of his professional duties, after an arduous and laborious practice of more than a quarter of a century in that locality.

Dr. Wetmore's genial, cordial, social disposition and hospitable nature made his house - Locust Grove - widely known and it was a favorite resort of the educated and refined. Here he lived through many ensuing years, in possession of the richer sources of enjoyment. On the 24th of February, 1853, Eliza Wetmore, the wife of the Doctor, died at Columbus. She was loved and revered by all who knew her. She animated her family circle by her cheerful and affectionate disposition. Her conversation was intelligent and instructive and her life was guided by strict religious principles. She was the idol of the household, and the sweet remembrance of her many virtues will be cherished for a long time. In his declining years Dr. Wetmore Vk-as active and vigorous to an unusual degree and retained his faculties unimpaired to the last. He died at the family homestead, where he was temporarily sojourning, on the loth of October, 186S, in the eigthy-sixth year of his age.

William C. Williams

William C. Williams was born in Licking county, Ohio, on the 26th of December, 1858, his parents being William and Jane Williams. The father was a native of Guernsey county, Ohio, and in an early day learned and followed the carpenter's trade, but afterward purchased a tract of land and gave his attention to agricultural pursuits. He died at the old home in Summit, Licking county, Ohio, in April, 1895, and his wife, who was a native of Wales, passed away at the same place in 1882. The subject of this review is the youngest of their three children, his brothers being Elijah and Julien.

William C. Williams acquired his early education in the public schools near his home, and during his youth assisted in the work of the farm, but, not desiring to follow the plow throughout his' active career, he left home and in August, 1881, began railroading on the Pacific line, his run being from Columbus to Dennison, Ohio. He was a brakeman for tw^o years and was then made conductor, in which capacity he has served for seventeen years. He is on the preferred run and is one of the most trustworthy and efficient conductors on the line, neglecting no duty and at the same time winning the gratitude and friendship of many patrons of the road by his obliging manner and considerate treatment.

Mr. Williams was married in 1880, to Miss Mary Hummel, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Carl Hummel, who are residents of Licking county, Ohio. Our subject and his wife have one child. Pearl, who is a graduate of the high school of Columbus and is now a student in the normal school. Mr. Williams became a member of the Order of Railway Conductors, Division No. lOO, in Columbus, but since transferred his membership to Division No. 278, at Dennison, Ohio. He is also a member of Excelsior Lodge, I. O. O. F., of this city, and belongs to the encampment. He and his wife have resided in the capital city since 1882, and on the i8th of August, 1899, they moved into their elegant new home at No. 187 North Eighteenth street, where they are surrounded by many o'f the comforts and luxuries of life that have been secured through the industry and energy of our subject. ,

Richard Edie Hull

The citizens of Columbus are justly proud of the records of their military men. One of the most popular of these is Captain Richard Edie Hull, adjutant of the Fourth Regiment, Ohio National Guard. Captain Hull was born in Columbus, in 1866, a son of Robert C. Hull, who came to Columbus in 1850' from Steubenville, Ohio, and saw one hundred days' service in the federal army during the Rebellion. Captain Hull is a great-grandson of General William Hull, who fought for the independence of the colonies in the Revolutionary war and performed distinguished services in the war of 181 2. His life covered the period from 1753 to 1825. His son, Marmaduke Hull, was a pioneer settler in Stark county, Ohio, and removed from there to Cincinnati, where he died. Robert C. Hull, son of Marmaduke Hull, was born in Stark county, in 1809, and died at Columbus in 1878. He was proprietor of a wholesale bookstore which stood on the site of the present Smythe store, was secretary of the State Bank of Ohio and was identified with other prominent interests and was well known as an Odd Fellow. He was for several terms president and was long a member of the city council. He married Anna Edie, a granddaughter of Jacob Nessley, a hero of the Revolution, wdio in 1770 made the first settlement on the site of Steubenville, Ohio, and at one time owned nearly all the land along the river between Steubenville and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.

Captain Hull received his primary education in the Columbus high school; and took a two-years course in mining and engineering at the Ohio State University. In a business way he has become prominent as a dealer in electrical supplies and as a contractor of electrical construction. He married Miss Beatrice Earns, of Louisville, Kentucky, daughter of William Earns', who fills a responsible position in the service of the Pullman Palace Car Company, and she has borne him two children, named Catharine and William.

Captain Hull enlisted in Company A, of the Fourteenth Regiment, Ohio' National Guard, in 1883, and was made sergeant in 1884. For four years he was absent from the state with leave and was then honorably discharged, reenlisting in 1889. He was commissioned second lieutenant of Company A, in November. 1889, and first lieutenant in January, 1890, and resigned in July, 1891. May 3, 1898, he enlisted in Company F, Fourteenth Ohio Regiment, for service in the Spanish-American war, and was sergeant and first sergeant. He was mustered into the United States service May 9, 18.98, andhon- orably discharged January 20, 1899. His regiment served in Porto Rico and he participated in the battle at Guyama. In June, 1899, he enlisted m the Fourteenth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, and in August following was appointed first sergeant. He was appointed second lieutenant and battalion adjutant September 2, 1899, and captain and regimental adjutant ^lay 30, 1900.

Robert Wilson Moore

America owes a debt of gratitude to Scotland for the valuable (luality which has been contributed by the land of tlie thistle to her citizenship. The Scotch character is hardy, honest, industrious and persevering and has done much to advance many of her important interests, and everywhere our citizens of Scotch birth or descent are leaders among their fellow men and worthy examples to those who would succeed in life by praiseworthy methods. The subject of this sketch is of Scotch descent, his grandfather, Moore, having been born in Scotland. Mr. Moore's grandfather was brought to this country when a mere lad and died before Mr. Moore was born, but Mr. Moore w^as about seventeen years old at the time of the death of his grandmother, Moore, who was born in the United States, in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

His great-grandfather, Abner Barton, was born the 5th day of April,. 1757, on his father's farm, wdiich is now the site of the city of Chester, Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. He died in Belmont county, Ohio, December 26, 1827. His great-grandmother, Sarah (Pyle) Barton, was born the 5th day of May, 1766, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and died in Belmont county, April 27, 1865. His grandfather, Jesse Barton, was born in the city of Chester, Pennsylvania, on the 25th day of December, 1804, and died in Belmont county, Ohio, August 23, 1887. He was a judge of the courts for a number of years in Belmont county. His grandmother, Catharine Ann (Mulvaney) Barton, was born March 3, 1804, in Pennsylvania, near the city of Chester, and died in Belmont county, Ohio, February 27, 1846.

Abner Barton and family came to Ohio in 1814, where he purchased a farm of nearly a thousand acres in Colerain township, Belmont county, which, the greater part of the farm, with the old homestead, is still in possession of the heirs of the late Judge Jesse Barton.

John Wilson Moore, father of Robert Wilson Moore, was born at Zanesville, Ohio, September 23, 1823, and when about fourteen years old was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade. In 1846 he assumed charge of a river barge and made several trips to New Orleans, Louisiana, by way of the Muskingum, Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He entered upon a career as a railroad man in 1850, his first [Xjsition having been as baggagemaster on the old Central Ohio Railway. In 185 1 he became a conductor on a passenger train which ran between Zanesville and Newark, Ohio, and after the line was completed his run was between Columbus and Bellaire, Ohio. The Central Ohio Railway became a part of the Baltimore & Ohio system about 1865, and Air.

Moore continued in the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, his service as a conductor covering the long period of thirty-one years.

John Wilson Moore was married in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1857, to Miss Elizabeth H. Barton, a daughter of Judge Jesse Barton, of that county, who was born in Belmont county, Ohio, January 24, 1836. In 1862 they came to Columbus, Ohio, and made this city their home, buying a lot at the northeast corner of Chestnut and Front streets, on which he built a residence in 1867, where his wife died September 3, 1888. She was laid to rest in Greenlawn cemetery, Columbus, and Mr. Moore, still hale and hearty, is now living with his son Jesse T. Moore, at Carnegie, near Pittsburg. Pennsylvania.

John Wilson and Elizabeth H. (Barton) Moore had three sons, who will be here mentioned in the order of their nativity : Jesse Thomas Moore was born March 2, i860, and has for eighteen years been a freight and passenger conductor on the Pennsylvania Railroad west of Pittsburg. He is married and lives at Carnegie, Pennsylvania. Robert Wilson Moore, of Columbus, one of the most popular conductors on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, was born at Bellaire, Belmont county, Ohio, March 29, 1862. Edward Barton Moore died in infancy in 1863.

Robert Wilson Moore was brought to Columbus, Ohio, by his parents when he was only six months old, in the fall of 1862, and has lived there continuously from that time to this. He was' educated in the public schools of the city and when a mere boy was employed for one year in the office of the Conductor's Life Insurance Company, of Columbus. After that he busied himself in different ways until October, 1879, when he became a brakeman on a passenger train of which his father had charge as conductor. He remained in that position only two years and a half, however, before he was promoted to be baggagemaster and after six months' service in the last mentioned capacity he was, in 1882, advanced to the responsible position of freight and passenger conductor. For a time he ran as an "extra" on passenger trains, and then, after six months' service as a freight conductor, he was given a regular run on a Baltimore & Ohio passenger train from Chicago, Illinois, to Wheeling, West Virginia, and had charge of a limited train for six years. In October, 1888, at his own request, he was transferred to the Columbus, Cincinnati & Midland branch of the Baltimore & Ohio system and he has run over that line ever since.

He was married in Columbus, Ohio, April 15, 1890, to Miss Cora Mc- Ghee, who was' born June 3, 1868, in Hamden, Vinton county, Ohio, of Scotch- Irish descent.

Mr. Moore is a member of Division No. 166, Order of Railway Conductors. After having taken subordinate degrees he took the degrees of chivalric Masonry in Mount Vernon Commandery, No. i, Knight Templar, of Columbus, Ohio, March 29, 1888, and was constituted, created and dubbed a Knight Templar, and he was one of the charter members of Aladdin Temple, of Columbus, Ohio, of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. His father and brother are also members of Mount Vernon Com-

Mr. Moore is a strong and unswerving Republican and, as he claims "a Jacksonian Democrat." While not a practical politician, he takes an mtellic^ent and helpful mterest m political work and has in manv ways demonstrated that he IS a citizen of much public spirit.

Charles H. Armstrong

Charles H. Armstrong is one of the native sons of Columbus and is a worthy representative of an honored pioneer family. His grandfather Jeremiah Armstrong, was one of the first settlers in this portion of the state' The specific history of the west was made by the pioneers; it was emblazoned on the forest trees by the strength of sturdy arms and gleaming ax, and written on the surface of the earth by the track of the primitive plow. These were strong men and true that came to found the empire of the West, - these hardv settlers who, building their rude domiciles, grappled with the giants of the forests and from the sylvan wilds evolved the fertile and productive fields which have these many years been furrowed by the plowshare. The red man in his motley garb stalked through the dim, woody avenues, and the wild beasts disputed his dominion. The trackless prairie was made to yield its tribute under the effective endeavors of the pioneer, and slowly but surely were laid the steadfast foundations upon which has been builded the magnificent structures of an opulent and enlightened commonwealth. To establish a home amid such surroundings and to cope with the many privations and hardships xyhich were the inevitable concomitants, demanded an invincible courage and fortitude, strong heart and willing hands. All these were charac eristics of the pioneers, whose names and deeds should be held in perpetual reverence by those who enjoy the fruits of their toil. During his boynood Jeremiah Armstrong was captured by the Indians and remained with r'-i r' '^^'}y'''^f^- He became an active factor in the development and upbuilding of Franklin county and was a member of the first village council of Columbus^ He owned the Logan Tavern on High street, one of the firsf houses of public entertainment in the city. It was located just south of the he became well known among the pioneer settlers of the state and in the community where he resided he was recognized as a man of sterling worth

Cf^ri8o6"at'th"" "^"''^^^ T""'^- ^''^ ^^^'^-^^ our'subject di d April 13. 1896 at the age of seventy-five vears. and thus passed awav one cf the oldest of the native sons of Franklin' county. ' bus for the educational privileges which he enjoyed, and snice entering upon, an independent business career he has been for some years in the railway service, connected with the Big Four, the Baltimore & Ohio and the Hocking Valley Railroads. In his political views he is a Democrat. He does not follow in the footsteps of the other members of the family in this direction, for all are Republicans. Mature consideration of the questions of the day. however, have led him to endorse the Democratic principks and he is an active worker in his party. He has served in the council and the city committees and has been honored with a number of positions of public trust. He served on the city board of equalization, has occupied a position in the county auditor's office, and in the year 1900 is serving as a land appraiser in his ward. He lias always retired from office as he entered it, - with the confidence and good will of the public. His entire life has been passed in Columbus, and the fact that his record has ever been an honorable one is indicated by the other fact that among his stanchest friends are many who have known him from boyhood.

James J. Thomas

In the city of Columbus, James J. Thomas is a well known figure, and his devoted to the public good and his reliability in matters affecting the welfare of the city is above questiou. He is now president of the city council and as such is manifesting marked loyalty to the public good, laboring earnestly for the progress of Ohio's capital along those lines which contribute to the advancement, prosperity and happiness, of his fellow men.

Mr. Thomas was born in 1867 in the state which is now his home and the' following year he was brought to Columbus by his parents, David and Jane (Jones) Thomas, both of whom were natives of Wales and in early life crossed the Atlantic to the United States, taking up their abode in Columbus, where they still reside.

Mr. Thomas, of this review, is indebted to the public school system of that city for the preliminary educational privileges which he enjoyed. Subsequently he pursued a commercial course in what was at that time the Columbus Business College. He began his career as a newsboy, selling papers on the street for Sheer & Reed. Later he entered the employ of the United States Express Company as a messenger boy. There his fidelity to duty, his earnest desire to please and the business ability which he manifested led to his advancement step by step through all the departments until 'he was promoted to his present responsible position as cashier of what is now one of the leading corporations of the country. His connection with this company covers a period of over sixteen years. He has mastered every detail of the business and has thus been promoted and at all times has been found most loyal to the trust reposed in him.

Mr. Thomas is a Republican in his political affiliations and has studied closely the questions and issues of the day so that he is able to uphold his position by intelligent argument. In the spring of 1891 he was elected a member of the city council and was re-elected in 1900. Soon aften\vard he was chosen president and is now the incumbent in that position. He h^s made a close study of the needs of the city and has exercised his official prerogatives in support of the needed reforms and improvements. Socially he is connected with the National Registrar, Magnolia Lodge. F. & A. M., and Temple Chapter, R. A. M. He is also prominent in the Knights of Pythias fraternity and has been in all of its various offices. Mr. Thomas is a young man of genial manner, courteous and obliging disposition, of excellent executive ability, keen discrimination and sterling worth, and these qualities have woii him the high regard of a host of warm friends among whom he is very popular.

Isaac Newton Jenkins

Among the sturdy, successful, self-made railroad men of Columbus, Ohio, none has gained his present prominence more creditably or is more popular in railway circles and with the traveling public than is Isaac Newton Jenkins, widely known as a passenger conductor on the Norfolk & Western Railway and prominent in connection with the Order of Railroad Conductors.

Isaac Newton Jenkins was born at Furnace, Jackson county, Ohio, March 12, 1857, a son of Isaac Jenkins, who died in 1871, at the age of seventy-one years. His mother died near Louisville, Kentucky, in 1864. He had brothers named Joseph, Archibald and Benjamin, and sisters named Mary, who married John Graham, and died in Jackson county, Ohio, four years ago. His \)rothers, Joseph and Archibald, served their country in the federal army during the Civil war and died in Tennessee more than twenty years ago. His .other brother is now a resident of Alabama.

By the death of his parents he was thrown wholly upon his own resources when but a mere boy. His experience was a hard one and such education as he obtained was gained at odd times and by reading and study after long days spent in wearisome work, still he obtained a foothold in the world and was happily married February 3, 1881, to Miss Minnie Vogelsang, at Mount Vernon Furnace, Lawrence county, Ohio, and they have three children, all born in Lawrence county, Ohio, namely: Charles L., born October 2, 1882; Emerson M., October 23, 1886; Luella May, September 19, 1888. Mrs. Jenkins is a sister of Harmon Vogelsang, who fills the office of street commissioner at Ironton, Ohio, also of Henry Vogelsang, and of L. C. Vogelsang, a wealthy iron operator now living in retirement at \Vellston, Ohio. Mr. Jenkins and his family are members of the Neil Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, of Columbus, and are helpful to all its various important interests.

Mr. Jenkins's first regular employment was in a furnace when he was a mere boy. He was employed thus and otherwise until 1885, on the 4th day of March of which year he removed to Ironton, Ohio. June 17 following he became a section hand on the old Valley road which afterward became known as the Norfolk & Western Railway, and that was his introduction to railroading. A year later he was made foreman of a section and after service in that capacity for one year was given the position of brakeman in the yard, and in 1887 he became brakeman on a local freight train. He recalls with feelings of gratitude the kindness of Superintendent J. W. Campbell, shown him in many ways while he was endeavoring to make a beginning as a railroad man. While he was employed as a freight brakeman he lost the forefinger of his right hand while coupling cars, but the accident kept him from work only twenty-five days. In time he was appointed baggage master and from that position was promoted to that of freight conductor, in which he served until he was given charge of a passenger train. As' a freight conductor, by reason of being the oldest conductor in the service, he was given a preferred run,, which he retained until June 14, 1899, when his promotion came. He was in about every imaginable kind of railroad wreck that a train man could experience short of running into a river or plunging off from a high bridge. His accidents involved head-end, rear and side wrecks and the breaking of trains on steep grades, yet aside from the loss of the finger referred to he never received a personal injury worth mentioning and no member of his crew was ever seriously hurt.

Mr. Jenkins's first passenger run was between Columbus and Kenova,. Wayne county, West Virginia, July 4, 1899. The day was very warm and He carried eleven hundred passengers, but was able to avoid accident of any kind. He recalls the fact that he had the honor of running the first train over the bridge across the Ohio river at Kenova. It was drawn by engine No. 43, with engineer Fred Hart at the throttle, and the cabin was filled with men and boys. Mr. Jenkins enjoys the distinction also of never having been called as a witness in a personal injury or damage case. He is one of the most popular passenger conductors on the road, and his efficient and courteous service is highly appreciated by the traveling public.

In 1888, at the time of the national convention of the Brotherhood of Railroad Yardmen at Columbus, Mr. Jennings was initiated into that order. The lodge offices at the time were filled by officers of the national body, Grand Master Wilkinson presiding. After the initiation ceremonies, Columbus Lodge, No, 175, of which Mr. Jenkins had become a member, adjourned and attended the meeting of the grand lodge at the State Street Presbyterian church. Mr. Jenkins was a member of this order until 1897, wdien, at Kenova, West Virginia, he united with Lodge No. 3, State Division Order of Railroad Conductors, as a charter member. He is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has recently joined Capital City Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Columbus, by card. He is also a member of the Knights and Ladies of Honor of Columbus.

Elmer E. Thompson

Elmer E. Thompson, who is in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the capacity of an engineer, was born August 8, 1859. in Union county, Pennsylvania. He is a brother of W. H. Thompson, of this county, and

James T. Lindsay

James T. Lmdsay was born in Washington his parents being Oliver and Jane (Taylor Ln dsay. On tl ^^ ^^^^ he L of English Imeage and ad .on ^^^^^f^^^' -^ the development came to America from the meriie f «f' 5^'"=!^ , , ; [3 ^f Scotch descent. His of New England. On the paternal f ^ M;-^^^ k^^^^^ ^'^=,°, ^J hills and heather grandfather, Ninon Lindsay, "'^\!, j, f world. -His wife was and when a young man became a re den o to new ._^ ^^^^_

Kate Lindsay. Oliver Lindsay, the a^he °f °^''^ ^^ame a skilled machining, Berks county, Pennsylvania, in ^ng n^'- \;3 manhood, isj: working in different =hops and fac oru^^ du in hi^^^ >^ county, Avhere he again opened a general mercantile establishment in Cambridge. His connection with mercantile interests in that place continued for four years. In 1884 he came to Columbus, Ohio, and purchased the grocery stock of the firm of Sargent & Wingate, the store being located at No. 610 North High street, where Mr. Lindsay has since continued in business, carrying a large line of staple and fancy groceries', produce and fruit. As the result of his loiig acquaintance, affable manner and genial treatment of his patrons, he has established a good business.

On the 1 6th of June, 1873, occurred the marriage of Mr. Lindsay and Miss Jennie Wallace, of Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Thomas and Nancy Arnold Wallace. They now have four children : Oliver, who is a graduate of the Ohio Medical College and is now the secretary of the city beard of health, and is a prominent candidate on the Republican ticket for the office of coroner; Daisy D., who is a young lady of superior education and pleasing characteristics; Carl W., a graduate in pharmacy and also of the Ohio Medical University, of Columbus ; and Violet Mary, now a student in the high school.

Mr. Lindsay is a conservative Republican and on his party's ticket was elected, in 1888, to a position in the city council, representing the fourteenth ward. He served for two years, in a manner creditable to himself and satisfactory to his constituents, and was then elected for the second term. On the expiration of four years he retired from office as he had entered it, with the confidence and good will of all concerned. In 1898 he was again elected, and in 1900 was chosen to represent the sixteenth ward in the city council and is now filling that office. He is a man independent in thought and action, fearless in the support of his honest convictions and honorable in all life's relations.

Francis M. Leonard

Francis M. Leonard, the postmaster at Station A in Columbus, was born upon a farm in Franklin county, in 1873, and is a son of Edward B. and Lena (Martin) Leonard, both of whom were born and reared in this county. The grandfather of our subject, Chauncey B. Leonard, was one of the early settlers of the capital city. He came to Ohio from the Empire state and cast in his lot with the pioneers, settling near Marble Cliff, not far from the banks of the Scioto river. There he operated a sawmill, engaging in the manufacture of native lumber. He w'as also for many years connected with the Columbus Paper Mill and was widely and favorably known. He married Miss Mary

B. Leonard, who has spent his entire life in Franklin county, where for the past twelve or fifteen years he has been connected with the mail service in the capacity of a carrier.

Francis M!. Leonard, whose name forms the caption of this article, was educated in the schools of Columbus, completing his studies by a high-school course. On entering upon his business career he became employed by the Potter Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of hollow ware. In 1890 he htc. heoffice of justice of the peace and township treasurer. He took a deep anVconTendable interest in everythtng pertaining to the general good and was an honorable, influential and popular citizen. William the ward removed to Little Falls, New York, and with Mr. Hamlin came to un o. Toclting first at Groveport, where he followed the butchering business , Sub sequenflv he came to Columbus'. Ohio, and here wedded Mrs. Mary Ann Shoysgood. They had four children: John W'., born February 9. 1846,

Charles H., who was born September ii, 1850, and became the husband of Mary Keller; Norman, who was born April 16, 1855, and died in 1894; and Emma, who was born October 20, 1857. She was married June i, 1882, to Frank Kuhn and died April 24, 1892. Her children were Marion, Harold and Emma Kuhn. Mrs. Mary Ann Peake died February 22, 1882. Charles H. Peake had the following children: Charles M., born August 27, 1873, died when only seven months old'; Albert, born March 25, 1875, is at home; Frank, born December 4, 1877, is now deceased; and John, born January 2y, 1886, is still under the parental roof. Frank enlisted in Battery H, of the light artillery in the Spanish-American war. He was taken ill when in camp at Chickamauga and was permitted to return home, but died ten days after reaching Columbus. He was a bright and promising young man and his death was a great blow to his parents. Francis M. Keller, born July 21, 1851, died May 24, 1852. Lewis Keller, born February 14, 1854, is living in Columbus.

The last three members of the Keller family were born in Franklinton. The mother of this' family, Mrs. Prudence Keller, died at the old home at the corner of Scott and Sandusky streets, Columbus, April 12, 1887. Mr. Keller passed away in 1900. He had come to Franklin county at an earl} i in its development and was active in promoting its growth and improvement.

John Henry Heitmann

Among those formerly prominent in public affairs in Columbus who have passed from the stage of life none is more deserving of honor than John Henry Heitmann, who was born near Hanover, Germany, in 1841, and died' March 26, 1894. His parents, Gerhardt and Adaline Heitmann, gave him the advantage of a good education and he was graduated at a college in Hanover. His mother's father was a Frenchman and from him Mr. Heitmann probably inherited the ready wit and capacity for quick and telling repartee for which he was known. In 1865 Mr. Heitmann came to the United States and locating at Cincinnati became a teacher of German in the public schools of that city, a position which he filled until 1868, when he came to Columbus, where he was the superintendent of German schools for four years. Meantime he studied law under the direction of Colonel J. T. Holmes, and was admitted to the bar in 1870, after which date he practiced law until his death, latterly as a member of the firm of Randall & Heitmann, and achieved a high standing in' local courts.

With the Hon. George L. Converse as his colleague, Mr. Heitmann served in the sixty-first general assembly of the state of Ohio in 1874-6. In the year last mentioned he was elected mayor of Columbus, and he was re-elected for a second term, and filled the office with great ability and credit. During his administration the city passed safely through its most exciting experience of forcible violation of law, in a great strike of railway employes. The strikerslimited their operations to plans to prevent the running of trains, but another element, disorderly, disreputable and dangerous, precipitated riotous acts which were condemned by the railroad men. The rioters went to some of the local manufacturing establishments and ordered men to stop work who had not thought of bemg dissatisfied, and in making such visits to factories went through the streets m moblike form. At this juncture xMayor Heitmann, at the head of the police made efforts to bring the rioters within the pale of the law A few of the leaders were arrested and in a few days others had disappeared and the railway men arranged to go back to work and the great strike and the riots in which the strikers had taken no part ended. Mr. Heitmann's firmness as executive officer of the city had much to do with the preservation of the public safety. Had he underrated the gravity of the situation or faltered in the performance of his duty, the result might have been serious; as habitual law-breakers with anarchistic tendencies were among the leaders of the riots and m this emergency Mr. Heitmann gave an object lesson of faithfulness to the law, of regard for public order and of consideration for the first great principles of civihzation which was appreciated by his fellow citizens and won him a reputation as a model official.

Mr. Heitmann was very active and prominent in Democratic politics and was for many years a member of the local election board and of the Democratic city and county committees, serving as the chairman of the Democratic county committee. He was a man of striking personal appearance, six feet and two inches in height and splendidly proportioned, and was of such a genial nature and of such upright character that he had no difficulty in making and retaining friends. He was a Mason, an Odd Fellow and a member of niany berman societies. In religious affiliation he was' a Lutheran

He married Miss Ottilie Petterly, of Columbus, who was born and educated in Bohemia, Austria, and left one son, Albert H., now a student at the high school, who intends to became a lawyer. Soon after the Civil war Air Heitmann made a visit to his birth place in Europe. When he died he was regretted by hundreds who had come to depend upon him as a personal friend, and by thousands wjio knew him as a citizen and official of unassailable reputation, whose life had been a useful one devoted largely to the interests of his fellow men.

John E. Chambers

Awell known resident of Franklin township who has been actively engaged in business and prominent in public affairs, is John E. Chambers who was born m Franklin township, Franklin county. Ohio, August i 184-^' and was a son of William and Elizabeth (Haughn) Chambers, the former a native ?v-n^"^')^\ ' P^'°' ^^^ ^^^^^' '^^^ °^ ^ pioneeer family in Franklin county vyuham Chambers was brought to the county when a babe of one year he and Mrs:. Martha Briggs being the only children by that marriage. The grandparents of our subject settled upon a farm of one hundred acres on the Jackson Pike road, for which partial payment was made, but the grandfather died and the land reverted to its original owner. William Chambers engaged in farming and became a prominent man, and he has left a personal recSrd behind him that tells much to the credit of his liberality and kindness of heart. His death occurred when he was about seventy years' of age, Mrs. Chambers stih surviving and residing upon the old homestead of her father.

Nine children were born to William and Elizabeth Chambers, as follows: Ellen, the wife of J. J. Eakin; Martha, the wife of Albert Watts; Mary, the wife of George Gantz; Elizabeth, the wife of David Eakin, residing on the old Eakin homestead in Venango county, Pennsylvania; Henrietta, the wife of Lewis Hart; Charlotte, the wife of George Gathers, of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, and William J., who resides in Franklin county, engaged in the dairy business, and is a Avell known politician.

Mr. Chambers of our sketch was reared on the old homestead and enjoyed the school privileges of Briggsdale, going in 1865-6 to the Delaware school. In 1867, after his return home, he was married on the 24th of October, to Miss. Louisa Hart, a daughter of Theodore and Catherine (Walton) Hart, and has reared three children : Warren, who married Frances Conard ; and Jennie and Melvin. After marriage Mr. Chambers located upon the old home farm, where he engaged in general business, also in the raising of fruit, paying especial attention to strawberries. He has been very successful in the dairy business also, the product of his farm bringing much custom, which he has had no difficulty in retaining, in one case having supplied milk and cream for nineteen years.

Mr. Chambers is most comfortably located upon a fine farm of forty-six acres, upon which he has spent large sums of money in improvements. His beautiful brick residence was erected at a cost of twenty-five hundred dollars, and the other attractive surroundings amounted to more than five hundred more.

All of his life our subject has been a Republican in his political faith, and has served his party as supervisor of elections for one year, and for six years he was a Republican central committeeman. Since 1864 he has been a member of the Methodist church, where his worth is known and appreciated. His position would be difficult to fill, being always held available for any of the church offices, and has been a class-leader and Sunday-school superintendent for many years. Mr. Chambers is one of those citizens who cheerfully acts for the best interests of his country, his church and his family, and possesses the esteem of all with whom he is in any way connected.

Source changes here: from Centennia History of Columbus and Franklin County, Ohio, by William Alexander Taylor, published 1909; 4,312 words in this source stream.

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Centennial History Of Columbus 321

for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of Town street and Washington avenue. The Institution for the Education of the Blind is at the corner of Main street and Parsons avenue. The Institution for the Education of the Feeble-Minded Youth is located on a large tract of land one mile and a half west of the state house. The Ohio Penitentiary, with a capacity of two thousand or more prisoners, is located in the city, on the east bank of the Scioto. All capital sentences in the state are executed at the penitentiary. The Ohio State University, a distinctive state institution, is located in the northwestern portion of the city, with several hundred acres of farm lands surroundings it. The cost of construction of these buildings is placed at six million five hundred thousand dollars.

All the governors of Ohio, save Edward Tiffin, Thomas Kirker, Samuel Huntington, Othneil Looker and Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., officially resided in Columbus.

To give in brief and lucid form the names, dates of election, political affiliations, the vote received, the names, politics and vote received by their leading opponents, and such other data, in chronological order, as may go to constitute a biographical and historical epitome of each of Ohio's governors, would not be amiss in this connection. Such notes follow:

1. Edaward Tiffin, Ross county, democrat, elected 1803. Vote received 4,564. No votes cast in opposition. Re-elected without opposition, 1805. Served nearly four years; resigned to enter the United States senate, 1807. Born in Carlisle, England, 1766; died at Chillicothe, 1829.

2. Thomas Kirker, Adams democrat; was speaker of the senate and ex officio succeeded as governor until Tiffin's successor should be elected. A failure to elect in 1807 was declared by the legislature on the pretext that Return J. Meigs, Jr., who had a majority of the votes cast, was constitutionally ineligible by reason of absence from the state during the preceding four years. As a consequence Mr. Kirker continued in office until the result of the election in 1808 was announced. Born in Tyrone county, Ireland, 1760; died in Ohio, 1837.

3. Samuel Huntington, Trumbull, democrat, was elected 1808. Vote east; for Huntington, 7,293; Thomas Worthington, democrat, 5,601; Thomas Kirker, democrat, 3,397. Served two years. Born in Connecticut, 1765; died at Painesville, Ohio, 1817.

4. Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., Washington, democrat; elected 1810. Vote cast: For Meigs, 9,924; Thomas Worthington, democrat, 7,731. Reelected 1812. Vote cast: For Meigs, 11,859; Thomas Scott, democrat, 7,903. Resigned in 1814 to become postmaster general. Served less than four years. Born in Connecticut, 1765; died at Marietta, 1825.

5. Othniel Looker, Hamilton, democrat, by virtue of his office as speaker of the senate succeeded Meigs as governor. Served less than one year. Born New York, 1757; died Palestine, Illinois, 1845.

6. Thomas Worthington, democrat, Ross, elected 1814. Vote cast: For Worthington, 15,879; Looker, democrat, Hamilton, 6, 171. Re-elected 1816. Vote cast: ines avon inetent 22,931; for James Tb cisk ay federalist, 6,295. Served four years. Born in vain 1773; died Chillicothe, 1827.

7. Ethan Allen Rrown, Hamilton, democrat, Secred 1818. Vote cast: Brown 30,194; James Dunlap, federalist, 8,075. Re-elected in 1820. Vote cast: For Brown, 34,836; Jeremiah Morrow, democrat, 9,426; William Henry Harrison, Abrnmaels 4,348. Served vagal January, 1822, when he resigned to accept the United states senatorship. Born in Connect 1766; died, Indianapolis, 1852.

8. Allen Trimble, federalist, Highland, speaker of the senate, succeeded to the office of governor, which he held until December of 1822. Born in Augusta county, Virginia, 1786; died, Washington, D. C., 1821.

9. Jeremiah Morrow, democrat, Warren, elected 1822. Vote cast: Morrow, 26,059; Allen Trimble, federalist, 22,899; William W. Irwin, democrat, 11,050. Re-elected in 1824. Vote cast: For Morrow, 39,526; Allen Trimble, federalist, 387,108. Served four years. Born in Pennsylvania, 1771: died Lebanon, 1882.

Allen Trimble, Highland, federalist, elected 1826. Vote cast: For Trimble, 71,475; John Bigger, democrat, 4,114; Alexander Campbell, democrat, 4,675; Benjamin Tappan, democrat, 4,192. Re-elected in 1828. Vote east: For Trimble 53,970; John W. Campbell, democrat, 51,195. This was the first time that the total number of votes in the state exceeded 100,000. Served four years. Born in Virginia, 1786; died, Washington, D. C., 1821.

10. Duncan McArthur, Ross, federalist, elected 1830: Vote cast: For McArthur, 49,668; Robert Lucas, 49,186. Served two years. Born in Dutchess county, New York, 1772; died, Chillicothe, 1840.

11: Robert Lucas, democrat, Pike, elected 1832. Votes cast: For Lucas, 71,251; for Darius Lyman, federalist whig, 63,185. Re-elected 1834. Vote cast: For Lucas, 7,738; for James Findlay, democrat whig, 67,444. The so-called "Toledo war" occurred during his last term. Served four years. Born in Virginia, 1781; died at Iowa City, Iowa, 1858.

12. Joseph Vance, whig, Campaign, elected 1836. Vote cast: For Vance, 92,204; Eli Baldwin, democrat, 86,159. Served two years. Born in Pennsylvania, 1789; died in Urbana, 1852.

13. Wilson Shannon, democrat, Belmont, elected 1838. Vote cast: For Wilson Shannon, 107,884; Joseph Vance, whig, 102,146. - This was the first time that any candidate received more than 100,000 votes or the total vote of the state passed 200,000. Born in Belmont county, Ohio, 1802; died in Kansas, 1865.

14. Thomas Corwin, whig, Warren county, elected in 1840. Vote cast: For Corwin, 145,442; for Shannon, 129,112. isemed two years. Born in Kentucky, 1794; died in W stir DG L860:

15. Thomas W. Bartley, democrat, Richland county, by virtue of his office as speaker of the senate, succeeding Wilson Shannon as governor upon his resignation to accept the position as minister to Mexico. Served until December 3, 1814. Born in Jefferson county, Ohio, 1812; died in Washingtone 1) Co 1839:

16. Mordecai Bartley, whig, Richland county, father of Thomas W. Bartley, elected in 1844. Vote cast: For Bartley, 146,333; for David Tod, democrat, 145,062; Leicester King, free-soiler, 8,898. This year the total vote passed 300,000. Served two years. Born in Pennsylvania, 1783; died at Mansfield, 1870.

17. William Bebb, whig, Butler, elected 1846. Vote cast: For Bebb, 118,869; for David Tod, democrat, 116,489; for Samuel Lewis, free-soiler, 10,797. Served two years. Born in Butler county, 1802; died in Rockford, Illinois, 1873.

18. Seabury Ford, whig, Geauga. His competitor was John B. Weller, democrat of Butler. There was a long and bitter dispute as to the result of the election. Two committees appointed by the legislative body disagreed as to the vote cast for the respective candidates. The first reported the vote as 145,816 for Ford and 146,105 for Weller. The two houses, by a single vote, refused to accept the report. A second committee was raised and finally reported the vote as being, Ford, 148,756, Weller, 148,445, a majority of 311 for Ford. The report was accepted by a majority of one of the body. The first commttee excluded all irregular, defective and clearly illegal votes; the second included all such votes in making their computations. Ford served two years. Born in Connecticut, 1801; died in Burton, Ohio, 1850.

19. Reuben Wood, democrat, Cuyahoga, elected 1850. Vote cast: For Wood, 133,093; for William Johnston, whig, Miami county, 121,105; for Edward Smith, independent, 13,447. Judge Wood was elected a second time in 1851, under the second constitution, which also provided for the election of a lieutenant. governor to succeed the governor in case of a vacancy. He assumed office on the second Monday of January, 1852. The vote cast at the preceding October election was: For Governor Wood, democrat, 145,654; for Samuel F. Vinton, Gallia, whig, 119,548; Samuel Lewis, free-soiler and independent, 16,918. William Medill of Fairfield county was elected lieutenant governor on the ticket with Wood, who resigned July 15, 1853, to enter the diplomatic service. He served from December, 1850, to July, 1853. Born in Vermont, 1792; died Rockport, Ohio, 1864.

20. William Medill, democrat. Fairfield, succeeded to the vacancy. Under the new constitution the election fell on the odd year, as had been the case from 1803 to 1808, and the governor took office in January of the even year. Medill was re-elected in 1853 and entered on a second term in January. 1854. The vote stood: For Medill, 147,663; Nelson Barrere, whig, Highland, 85,857; Samuel Lewis, free-oiler and independent, 50,346. His service extended from July, 1853, to January 1856. Born in state of Delaware. 1800; died, Lancaster. Ohio, 1865.

21. Salmon P. Chase, free-soiler and whig, Hamilton, elected October, 1855. took office January, 1856. Vote cast: For Chase, 146,770; for William Medill, democrat, 131.019: Allen Trimble, abolitionist, 24,276. Reelected October, 1857. took office January, 1858. Vote cast: Chase, 150,-

575; Henry B. Payne, democrat, Cuyahoga, 159,294; Philadelph Trump, Fairfield, Native American, 10,272. The total vote this year passed 300,000. Governor Chase served from January, 1856, to January, 1860. Born in Cornish, New Hampshire, 1808; died New York city, 1873.

92. William Dennison, Jr., republican, Franklin, elected 1861. Vote cast: For Dennison, 184,557; Rufus P. Ranney, democrat, Cuyahoga, 171,266; scattering, 117. Served two years. Born in Cincinnati, 1815; died, Columbus, 1882.

23. David Tod, republican (former democrat), Mahoning county, Vote cast: For Tod, 206,997; for Hugh J. Jewett, democrat, Muskingum, 151,978; scattering 109. Governor Tod served two years. Born in Youngstown, Ohio, 1811; died Youngstown, 1868. oe

24. John Brough, republican, Cuyahoga, elected 1863. Vote cast: For Brough, 288,826; for Clement L. Vallindigham, 187,278; scattering 23. The total vote of the state reached 476,000 or 120,000 greater than the total vote at the previous election, and the increase was nearly the same as the republican majority. Charles Anderson, republican, of Montgomery county, was chosen lieutenant governor with Governor Brough, and succeeded to the office upon the latter's decease. Born in Marietta, 1811, died Columbus, 1865.

25. Charles Anderson, republican, Montgomery county, succeeded Ly virtue of his office of lieutenant governor, to the vacancy caused by the death of Governor Brough, and served until the end of the term. Born in Louisville, Kentucky, 1814; died, Ohio, 1890.

26. Jacob Dolson Cox, republican, Hamilton county, elected 1865, assumed office January, 1866. Vote cast: For Cox, 223,663; for General George W. Morgan, democrat, 193,677; Alexander Long, radical democrat. 360. Served two years. Born in Canada, 1828; died, Cincinnati, 1900.

27. Rutherford B. Hayes, republican, Hamilton county, elected in 1867, assumed office January, 1868. Vote cast: For Hayes, 243,605: for Allen G. Thurman, democrat, Franklin 240,622. Re-elected 1869. Vote cast: For Hayes, 236,082; for George H. Pendleton, democrat, Hamilton county, 228,567; for Samuel Scott, independent, 629. (In 1875 Governor Hayes was again elected over William Allen by a vote of 297,817 to 292,273. At-the same election Thomas L. Young, republican, of Hamilton county, was elected lieutenant governor on the ticket with Hayes. Including his third term, partially served out, his services as governor approximated five years, he having resigned in March, 1877, to accept the presidency.) Born in Delaware, Ohio, 1822; died in Fremont, Ohio, 1893.

28. Edward F. Noyes, republican, Hamilton county, elected in 1871, assumed office January, 1872. Vote cast: Noyes, 238,273; George W. Me- Cook, democrat, Jefferson county, 218,105; Gideon T. Stewart. Huron county, temperance, 4,068. Served two years. Born in Massachusetts, 1833 ; died, Cincinnati, 1890.

29. William Allen, democrat, Ross, elected 1873. Vote cast: For Allen. 214,654; Edward F. Noyes, 213,837; Gideon T. Stewart, temperance, 10,278. Served two years. Born in North Carolina, 1797: died Chillicothe, 1879.

Centennial History Of Columbus 325

30. Thomas L. Young, republican, Hamilton county, elected lieutenant governor with Rutherford B. Hayes in 1875, as previously mentioned, and succeeded to the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hayes in March, 1876, to become president. Governor Young served from March, 1876, to January, 1878. Born in Ireland, 1834; died in Cincinnati, 1888.

31. Richard M. Bishop, democrat, Hamilton county, elected 1877, assumed office January, 1878. Vote cast: For Bishop, 271,625; William H. West, republican, Logan county, 249,105; Lewis H. Bond, labor, 12,489; Stephen Jamison, greenback, 16,912; H. A. Thompson, temperance, 4,836. Governor Bishop served two years. Born in Kentucky, 1812; died, Cincinnati, 1890.

32. Charles Foster, republican, Seneca county, was elected in 1879 and assumed office January, 1880. Vote cast: For Foster, 336,261; for General Thomas Ewing, democrat, Lancaster, 319,132; for Gideon T. Stewart, temperance, 4,145; for A. Sanders Piatt, greenback, 9,072. The total vote of the state this year exceeded 600,000. Foster was re-elected over John W. Bookwalter of Clark county, democrat, by a vote of 312,735 to 288,426. Abram R. Ludlow, temperance, received 16,597; John Seitz, greenback, 6,330. Foster served four years. Born in Tiffin, Ohio, 1828; died, Ohio, 1904.

33, George Hoadly, democrat, Hamilton county, elected in 1833. Vote east: Hoadly, 359,693; Foraker, 347,164; Fred Schumacher, temperance, 8,362; Charles Jenkins, greenback, 2,937. The total vote exceeded 700,000 this year. Hoadly served a single term of two years. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, 1826.

34. Joseph B. Foraker, republican, Hamilton county, elected 1885. Vote: Hoadly, 341,830; A. B. Leanard, temperance, 28,081; J. W. Northrop, labor, 2,001. Re-elected in 1887 by a vote of 356,534 to 333,205 for Thomas E. Powell, democrat, Franklin county, Morris Sharp, temperance, received 29,700 votes. The total vote exceeded 700,000 this year. Governor Foraker served four years. Born in Highland county, Ohio, 1846.

35. James E. Campbell, democrat, Butler county, elected in 1889. Vote cast: For Campbell, 379,420; Joseph B. Foraker, 368,539; J. B. Helwig, temperance, 26,504; J. H. Rhodes, labor, 1,048. Governor Campbell served two years. Born in Butler county in 1843.

36. William McKinley, republican, Clark county, elected in 1901. Vote cast: William McKinley, 386,793; James E. Campbell, 365,228; John J. Ashenhurst, temperance, 20,190; John Seitz, greenback, 23,472. Reelected in 1895 by a vote of 433,342 to 352,342 for Lawrence T. Neal, democrat. of Ross county, Gideon P. Macklin, temperance, received 22,406 votes and E. J. Bracken, greenback-labor, 15,563. The total vote of the state exceeded 800,000. Governor McKinley served four years. Born in Trumbull county, Ohio, 1844; died Buffalo, New York, 1901.

401,750 for Horace L. Chapman, democrat, Franklin county; 6,276 for J. S. Coxey, greenback-labor; and 18,000 scattering. Born in Rome, New York, 1834; died, Springfield, 1904.

38. George Kilbun Nash, republican, Franklin county, elected in 1899. Vote cast: For Nash, 417,199; for John R. McLean, democrat, Hamilton county, 368,176; for Samuel M. Jones, independent, Lucas county, 105,721, and 16,063 votes for several "third party" candidates, making a total of over 920,000, the greatest number ever cast at an election for governor. The total vote in the presidential years 1896, 1900 and 1904 passed the million mark. Governor Nash was re-elected in 1901, receiving 436,092 votes to 316,525 for James Kilbourne, democrat, Franklin county; 9,878 for J. de Pinney, prohibition candidate and 15,000 divided between the union reform, social labor and socialist so-called parties. Governor Nash served four years from January, 1900, to January, 1904. He died shortly after the close of his second term.

39. Myron T. Herrick, republican, Cuyahoga county, elected in 1903. Assumed office January, 1904. Vote cast: For Herrick, 475,560; for Tom L. Johnson, democrat, Cuyahoga county, 361,748; for N. D. Creamer, prohibition and 15,000 divided between smaller parties. Born in Huntington, Ohio, 1854.

40. John M. Pattison, democrat, Clermont county, elected in 1900. Vote cast: For Pattison, 473,264; for Myron T. Herrick, 430,617; Isaac Cowan, socialist, 18,482; A. S. Watkins, prohibitionist, 11,970. Governor Pattison served less than six months, and died in 1906, at Milford, Clermont county. He was born in the same county in 1847.

41. At the election in 1905, Andrew L. Harris, was elected as a republican on the ticket with Governor Herrick, lieutenant governor, it being the third time he was chosen to that office. He succeeded Governor Pattison. He was born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1884.

42. Judson Harmon, born in Hamilton county, Ohio, February 2, 1846, was judge of the court of common pleas, Hamilton county, 1876-78, judge of the superior court of Cincinnati, 1878-87, attorney general of the United States under President Cleveland, 1895-97, graduated from Denison University and the Cincinnati Law School, elected governor of Ohio in 1908, on the democratic ticket, receiving 552,569 votes, to 553,197 for Andrew L. Harris, republican; 28,573 for Robert Bandlow, socialist and 7,665 for John B. Martin, prohibitionist. There were 1,194 scattering votes cast. The total vote cast 1,122,198. Inaugurated January 11, 1909.

In 1906 a change in terms of office and dates of election resulted from a constitutional amendment and the laws passed thereunder. Instead of a state election annually in November and a local election annually in April, the state election is held biennially in November of the even numbered years and local elections biennially in the same month of the odd numbered years. The various official terms requiring it, were extended to meet the changed condition. As a consequence the next elected governor was chosen in 1908 and assumed office on the second Monday of January, 1909 -

Hayden Residence, East State And Sixth

HAYDEN RESIDENCE, EAST STATE AND SIXTH, Former Home of Governor, Secretary of the United States Treasury and Chief Justice of the United States, Salmon P. Chase.

Centennial History Of Columbus 329

Up to and including 1907, there have been fifty-one gubernatorial terms and forty-one incumbents. Two men served parts of three terms each - Allen Trimble and Rutherford B. Hayes. Edward Tiffin was elected to two terms, as were Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., Thomas Worthington, Ethan Allen Brown, Allen Trimble (who had previously been acting governor by virtue of his position as speaker of the senate), Robert Lucas, Wilson Shannon (with one term intervening), Reuben Wood, Salmon P. Chase, Charles Foster, Joseph B. Foraker, William McKinley, Asa S. Bushnell and George K. Nash. Rutherford B. Hayes was elected three times, but not in succession. Joseph B. Foraker was a candidate for a third term and was defeated. Governors Tiffin, Meigs, Brown, Shannon, Wood, Brough, Hayes and Pattison by reason of resignation or death, did not serve in full the terms to which they were elected, which accounts for the disproportion between incumbents and the gubernatorial terms.

During the one hundred and five years of the state's organized existence it has been fortunate in the choice of its chief magistrates. Some of them were men of unusual endowments and statesmanship; some were men of plain practical common sense, and some were men of great and versatile ability and genius, but the breath of suspicion never soiled their personal honor, nor did the tongue of scandal nor of accusation impugn the official honesty of either of them. They were not all great men, but they were all honest men.

On the 4th of July, 1842, was the first balloon ascension from Columbus. Mr. Clayton, a celebrated aeronaut, then of Cincinnati, Ohio, made a beautiful ascent from the state house yard, where a vast concourse of people had assembled to witness the spectacle. He arose, it was supposed, to the height of from one to two miles. The balloon at first bore southward, then about due east, and landed safely about five miles east of Newark; and he returned to Columbus about two o'clock on the second day.

The second balloon ascension, was also by a celebrated aeronaut, Mr. Wise, of Pennsylvania. On the 4th of July, 1851, pursuant to an engagement with Mr. Kinney, he made his ascent from an enclosure prepared for the occasion, and other amusements of the day, at the corner of Broad and Seventh streets. There was a very large concourse of spectators, and the ascension as fine as could have been wished. He landed safe and sound about six miles from his starting point, and returned to the city the same evening. The State Journal of the next day says: "Too much praise cannot be given Mr. Kinney and Mr. Wise for their services in catering to the public taste in this most interesting and beautiful exhibition."

The third balloon ascension from Columbus, was by a Monsieur Godard, on the 29th of October, 1857, from the enclosure of the Capital City Fair

Grounds, a short distance southeasterly from the lunatic asylum. This ascension was also made pursuant to an engagement by Mr. John M. Kinney. Monsieur Godard was a Frenchman, and was engaged to come from the city of Philadelphia, to make an ascension, on horseback. The ascension was only intended as a preliminary one to the great horseback ascension, which was to come off two days after; but which, owing to a disappointment in obtaining gas, did not come off at all. But this ascension was a grand one. Monsieur Godard, his brother, Mr. P. W. Huntington of the Exchange Bank and Robert H. Thompson, of the post office department, all ascended - three of them in the car, and one of the Godards suspended by his feet to a rope some fifteen or twenty feet long, hanging below the car with his head downward, and in that position, waving a flag as he was carried through the air. They all landed safely, near Taylor's Station, some eight or nine miles east of Columbus. Mr. P. W. Huntington, in 1908, is one of the active bankers and business men in Columbus.

The following narrative of kidnapping a negro slave from Columbus, by a disgraceful ruse, and the arrest and trial of some of the persons connected with it, has the merit of a happy ending of

"In the spring of 1846, a case of kidnapping occurred at Columbus. On the 27th of March, after dark, Jerry Finney, a black man, who had resided in Columbus some fourteen or fifteen years, was decoyed over to the town of Franklinton, to the office of William Henderson, Esq., who was, at the time, an acting justice of the peace of Franklin Township. The necessary certificate, etc., having been previously prepared, Jerry was forthwith delivered over by the justice, in his official capacity, to the decoying party; one of whom was Alexander ©. Forbes, of Kentucky, who held a power of attorney from Mrs. Bathsheba D. Long, of Frankfort, Kentucky, to whom it was claimed that Jerry belonged, and owed service, as an escaped slave. Jerry begged for a fair trial, but in vain. He was immediately hand-cuffed and put into a carriage standing at the door for that purpose, and driven to Cincinnati, from thence to Kentucky, and delivered over to his former mistress.

"As Jerry was generally known by our citizens (having been cook and general waiter or servant at most of our public houses), his sudden disappearance from our midst, and the time and manner of his capture, created some excitement. And the following persons were arrested and held to bail to answer the charge of kidnapping: William Henderson, Esq., Jacob Armitage, Henry Henderson, Daniel A. Potter and Daniel Zinn.

"At the July term, 1846, of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin County, a true bill of indictment was found against all of the above named

Centennial History Of Columbus 331

"At the following September term of said court, all of the defendants (except Forbes, who had not been arrested), were put upon trial. A. F. Perry, Esq., Prosecuting Attorney, and Wm. Dennison, Jr., conducting the prosecution and F. J. Matthews, Esq., and Col. N. H. Swayne, counsel for the defendants.

"The case occupied several days, and much interest was manifested by those who were acquainted with the defandants and with Jerry. During the progress of the trial, one of the jurors, Dr. George Richey, was taken sick, and unable to attend further at the court. At this juncture of the case, all of the defendants, as well as the state (by her counsel), agreed to proceed with the eleven remaining jurors. The case was ably conducted on both sides, and quite a large number of bills of exceptions were taken by the defendants' counsel as to the rulings of the court. The jury retired, deliberated, and returned a verdict of guilty as to Esq. William Henderson, and not guilty as to the remaining defendants. Esq. Henderson was then remanded in jail, and the other defendants discharged from custody. The court suspended passing sentence upon Henderson, and the case was then, by his attorneys, taken up to the Supreme Court upon error, and among the many errors assigned, was, in substance, this: that it was not within the province of the defendant to waive his objection as to the absence of one of the jurors, and the proceeding in the trial with the eleven jurors, was error. This objection the court sustained, and decided the case upon that point; and Esq. Henderson was discharged."

On the 25th of February, 1834, the legislature passed an act incorporating the "Columbus Typographical Society,' and in the same act recognized typography as a "profession."

The incorporators were Patrick Howe, Jason Case, William C. Morrow, James Mead, Thomas R. Raymond, Peter J. Bartholomew, Charles L. Murray, David B. Espy, James H. Patterson, Benjamin J. Gray, T. T. Sarchet, cane Halsey, Alexander E. Glenn, Theodore Laughre, Jonathan Phillips, Isaac Watson, Matthias Birck and Samuel Martin. The name and style of the corporation was "The Columbus Typographical Society,' and it was declured to be competent to sue and be sued, to contract and be contracted with. acquire and dispose of property, etc., but "the annual income of said corporations shall not exceed the sum of $500.00."

The object of the society was declared to be "to afford relief to deserving indigent members, their widows and orphans, and to preserve the honor of the profession by the adoption of such measures as shall to them appear to be necessary for the encouragement of industry, sobriety, good order and morality, among its members." The officers consisted of a president, vice president, secretary, treasurer and standing committee of three. No record is a ailable which gives the names of any officials, or history of the society further than it continued to exist during a number of years.

Source changes here: from History of the City of Columbus, Ohio, from the Founding of Franklinton in 1797, Through the World War Period to the Year 1920, by Hooper, Osman Castle, published 1920; 357,662 words in this source stream.

Introduction

In the subsequent chapters, devoted to special features of city life, there is a similar effort to tell the story of each chronologically. For instance, Chapter XIV. presents in order the various forms of government under which the people have lived from 1812 to 1920 and the names of the principal officials. Two chapters are given to public utilities, their origin and development. Four chapters are given to Federal, State, county and city institutions, Universities, public and private schools. The story of the religious life of the community occupies three chapters, while glimpses of the professions of law, medicine and journalism, of charitable work, of manufacturing, banking, transportation, literary, musical and art endeavor, and social and fraternal organizations are to be found in other chapters.

An effort has been made to place the men and women who have made the life of the city in their proper setting. Xot all, of course, could be mentioned in a story so brief ; but here at least are the leaders of their time who were honored by their contemporaries and supported in their public activities.

It is a wonderful story - this of Columbus - marked by the courage and endurance of its earliest settlers, and by the foresight, perseverance, public spirit and benevolence of the later comers. There has been continuous progress from the beginning till now, and the development of the last fifty years, crowned by the extraordinary patriotic endeavor of the World War period, must fill all with pride. Today. Columbus, with its 237.000 population, stands elate, a credit to the State and nation.

When this work was begun, nine men consented to serve as advisory editors as follows: Hon. Henrv C. Taylor, Rev. Father Dennis J. Clarke, Dr. Edward J. Wilson, Col. W. L. Curry, Mr. Herbert Brooks, Mr. Charles C. Pavey, Mr. John J. Pugh, Mr. Maurice Stewart Hague and Mr. John A. Kelley. The two first-named have since died and the books of their record have been closed and sealed with the affection of the community. Acknowledgment of helpfulness is made to all of the advisory editors ; to the previous histories of Martin in 1858, of Studer in 1873 and of Lee in 1892, from all of which something has been gleaned for the present work; also to the newspapers, city officials, city records and individuals who have given much material from diaries and letters. O. C. H.

Beginnings Of Ohio

The Mound Builders and Indians - First White Settlements and Struggle for Possession - Indian Village at the Forks of the Scioto Attacked by Crawford and Dispersed - The Ohio Company, the Scioto Company and Symmes Purchase - Indian Power Broken and British Hopes Blasted - First Surveys - Topography, Geology and Soil of Franklin County.

There was a time, scientists tell us, perhaps ten thousand years ago, when much that is Ohio and all that is Columbus lay under a great mass of ice that spread southward from the North Pole. The ice may have been half a mile thick. Man may have been here then, in a state of development corresponding to that of the Esquimo, and he may have traversed the ice, with stone weapons hunting the mastodon, reindeer and walrus. The evidence of man's presence at that time is meager, and it may not be generally accepted as conclusive, but it is interesting. With regard to the ice, there is no longer reasonable doubt, and it is with a sense of awe that one thinks of the great transformtion that was wrought when, under the more genial sun, the ice began to melt and move, tearing the surface of the earth, digging the valleys, piling up hills, depositing great beds of gravel, dropping boulders here and there and cutting the courses for the streams ; and when, later on, where all was once white as death, forests rose, fields grew green, birds came, flowers grew, animals of another sort roamed the forests and fishes swam in the waters. Surely, no greater change ever occurred on the face of the earth than that in Ohio when, with the ice cap removed, the earth sprang into newness of life. i

The man of the Glacial period, if he was really here, left few traces. His successor, the Mound Builder, left many but of a character so dubious that scores of scholars for a hundred years have been seeking to solve the riddle of his existence. The Mound Builders are so called for lack of a better name. They did not christen themselves, and their only records are the mounds they built and the things that have been found in them. These mounds are numerous in Franklin county and there is record of some within the area now occupied by Columbus. The most notable of these stood where now is the corner of High and Mound streets. The first explorers found it forty feet high, with a gradual slope from the north, east and west, the southern side being an abrupt declivity. Its shape was that of a truncated cone, the diameter of the base being probably 300 feet and that of the upper surface 100 feet. In the development of the city, High street was projected through this mound at its eastern side, but as nothing of great significance was found - only a few bones and trinkets, evidently buried there at a time subsequent to the construction of the mound - the conclusion was reached that the mound was originally used as a signal station from which news, by means of bonfire and torch, was flashed to other stations up and down the valley. Another mound still stands two and a half miles northwest of the State House, north of the bend in the Scioto. Its base is 110 feet in diameter and the mound itself, twenty-one feet high, once commanded a view of the valley to the south for a considerable distance. This, too, was doubtless a signal station. A short distance north is a smaller mound, ten feet high and sixty-five feet across the base. Mounds are found also at Marble Cliff, Dublin and Worthington, along Alum creek, Big Walnut, and elsewhere in this county. In other counties of Ohio, the remains of these early inhabitants are even more numerous, and the conclusion is inevitable that even in prehistoric time when the primitive forests were young, Ohio was a favorite dwelling place of human beings.

Whether the Indians the white man found here were identical with the Mound Builders, or were a different race succeeding them, is still a matter of scientific dispute, with the weight of opinion at present in favor of the former theory. But that need not be discussed here. The Indian occupants of Ohio were the first of whom there is definite knowledge. These, according to Randall, were" the Eries, who were conquered and dispersed by the Iroquois. The latter came from the west, allied themselves with the Miamis for the purpose of fighting the Eries, and subsequently fought their allies, establishing what they long continued to regard as proprietorship of the land. Other Indians - the Wyandots, the

Mingoes, the Shawnees and Delawares - were here, but were always regarded by the Iroquois as mere tenants. It was the Wyandots who raised corn on the lowlands west of the Scioto river, now West Columbus, and built lodges in the forest on the eastern bank, now the heart of the city. But the Mingoes also were here, and in the fall of 177-i, they maintained a town or rendezvous near the point where the Olentangy empties into the Scioto. At tlu time of Lord Dunmore's punitive expedition into Ohio, the Mingoes were the least submissive. One of their chiefs, Cornstalk, had led the allied Indians in the battle of Point Pleasant and, though he partieipated in the peace parley on Pickaway Plains, had not given his assent to the treaty. Logan, another distinguished Mingo warrior, at least nominally a chief, bitter because all his relatives had been killed by the whites, remained away, but sent a pacific message of rare eloquence, which has been handed down as "Logan's speech." With regard to the attitude of the Mingoes, Lord Dunmore was not satisfied and, to make sure that there were no sparks of hostility left behind, directed Captain William Crawford and 210 men to proceed against the Mingo rendezvous at the junction of the Scioto and the Olentangy. The latter had some white prisoners and horses they had stolen, and it war- suspected that they intended to slip away with their booty and hold themselves free to carry on the war. Captain Crawford and his men arrived at the camp of the Mingoes just as they, warned of the attack, were leaving. There was some fighting, six Indians were killed and others wounded, the white captives were released and horses and plunder, afterwards sold for tOO pounds, were captuicd. Most of the Indian warriors escaped. And so it happened that the only act of violence done to the Indians in the interior of Ohio by the Dunmore expedition occurred within what is now the city of Columbus.

It is interesting to know that this fighting, if it can be called such, occurred chiefly on the east bank of the Scioto below the mouth of the Olentangy, near the present Penitentiary site. Joseph Sullivant has located the scene by repeating in an address before the Pioneer Society in 1871 what he as a boy had heard from the lips of Jonathan Alder and others. Alder, captured in Virginia by a party of Indian marauders, was brought into Ohio and adopted into the tribe, lived among them and was here when the first settlers came. What he knew and told to Mr. Sullivant, he got from the older men of the tribe. As to the location of the Mingo villages, Mr. Sullivant had also the testimony of John Brickell and two other white men who had been captives among the Indians. By their joint testimony, the principal village was near the Penitentiary site, but there were two others - one on the east side of the Scioto, a mile and a half south of Broad street, and another at the west end of the Harrisburg (Mound street) bridge.

Alder's story of the attack by Crawford's men, as narrated by Mr. Sullivant, was that "in the fall of 177 1, when all the male Indians of the upper village, except a few old men, had gone on their first fall hunt, one day about noon, the village was surprised by the sudden appearance of a body of armed men who immediately commenced firing upon all they could sec. Great consternation and panic ensued, and the inhabitants fled in every direction. One Indian woman seized her child, five or six years of age, and rushed down the bank of the river and across to the wooded island opposite, when she was shot down at the farther hank. The child was unhurt amid the shower of balls, and hid in a large hollow sycamore standing near tin middle of the island, where he was found alive two days later when the warriors ol tin- tribe returned, having been summoned by runners to the scene of disaster." According to this account. Captain Crawford's victory was easily won and was quite lacking in the heroic.