Farmer Township (part 11 of 25)

The rooms on the first floor open together in such a manner that they can be heated by one stove in the livingroom. A register in the ceiling over the stove heats the bedroom above. A door on the landing shuts off the stairs and drafts. There are sliding doors between the living-room and kitchen and between the parlor and dining-room. Roomy cupboards between dining-room and kitchen open into both rooms, and the drawers made to slide either way are quite a convenience, we think. Another cupboard under the sink, and shelves in the corner near the stove, give ample cupboard room. The woodwork thruout the house is Georgia pine, finished in natural color. If we were to build again, we might use chestnut instead, as it is nearly as cheap and has some advantages over pine. Heavy moldings on first-floor walls give the we took an inventory of available material in the barn. The framework and siding were in good condition. We found that the matched flooring on the second floor could be left undisturbed, and that the planks on the first floor could be used in various ways. The stairs would do for cellar stairs, and the windows would do nicely for back windows on the second floor. We then made out our bills for lumber and other material, and moved the building nearer the street at a small expense by using jack screws and hiring only a cheap hand to assist. The same help rooms a substantial effect. In hardware we chose a plain and substantial pattern in old copper. I superintended all the work and did considerable of it myself, but I have included my time in the bill of expenditures. I saved quite an item in mill work by making the door and window frames at odd times.

It will be noticed that the pipes from the bathroom go down in the partition near the chimney, thus' avoiding danger of freezing. Where there are no public waterworks, either an air-pressure tank in the cellar or a galvanized iron tank on the second floor connect-

BECAUSE I was the first man who dared to fight the scale trust; the first man to sell scales on trial, without the payment of one penny; the first man to guarantee my scales absolutely perfect before asking pay. You owe it to me to let me send you my prices on the best Pitlcss or Pit steel frame Slock Scales and Portable Platform f for the best Scales can buy the poorest, liberal, -jj "Reasons Why you II if you will address

Shade Rollers

We are the largest manufacturersof Rooting Materials and can give you the most for your money. We have many valuable suggestions for the man who thinks of building or repairing.

Roofing

aabeatot - an indestructible mineral.- That is why it does not require coating or paintinf to preserve it. No assessments for repairs every year or two.

is the most durable siding material know-v Keeps out the heat in summer and the cold :a winter. Gives an attractive appearance wiinout the expense of painting.

cures Rheumatism by taking the yric acid thoroly out of the system, thus removing the cause of the disease. It gives complete relief without injury to the heart or stomach.

enpplies the blnod with the nece»»»ry mlr stances to dissolve and remove the potsoB of Rheumatism - uric acid. We want every sufferer to try It, and trill send a sampw package with our booklet on the cureof Rheumatism free to every applicant.

landing and lengthened the kitchen: The pointing bill is rather small beand we also added 4x12 ft. on the front cause I put on the priming coat myself.

Common Sense

telligent people to use onl^i nown composition. There* Dr. Pierce's medicines, tbo ich print every ingredient hem upon the bottle wrapits correctness under oath, ing in favor. The com- Pierce's medicines is open r. Pierce being desirous having the search light of investig'ain turned fully upon his formula;, being ntident that {he better the corn p^sTTTon < "these, medicines is known the more j 11 their grea,t curative merits be~recogzedy. Being wholly'made of "the active ' jaicinal principles extracted : from naj e forest roots, by exact processes 1 ginal with Dr. Pierce, and without the re of a drop of alcohol, triple-refined and ; emically pure glycerine being used inhad in extracting and preserving the i rative virtues residing in the roots tiployed, these medicines are entirely |ie from the objection of doing harm I creating an appetite for either alxaolic beverages or habit - forming j ugs. Examine the formula on their | ttle wrappers - the same as sworn to by Ik Pierce, and you will find that his j olden Medical Discovery," the great, j x>d- purifier, stomach tonic and bowel v?ulator - the medicine which, while not | :ommended to cure consumption in its vanced stages (no medicine will do that) J t does cure all those catarrhal condi> ms of head and throat, weak stomach, i rpid liver and bronchial troubles, weak | rigs and hang-on-coughs, which, if neg-< :ted or badly treated lead up to and { ally terminate in consumption. Take the "Golden Medical Discovery" I time and it is not likely to disappoint iu if only you give it a thorough and ir trial/ JDon't expect miracles. It ion't do supernatural things. You must jjercise your patience and persevere in its e for a reasonable length of time to get i full benefits. The ingredients of which \ Pierce's medicines are composed have e unqualified endorsement of scores of idicaf leaders - better than any amount ay, or non-professional, testimonials, ley are not given away to be experijnted with but are sold by all dealers ia jdicines at reasonable tiriees.

Thru their personal Representatives place the full line of manufacture for distribution with responsible Agents only, competent to erect same in a proper, substantial and scientific manner. Be on the sale side and protect your property by means of a good conductor. The manufacturers stand ready to guarantee th* rod if If you are interested to know the cost of rotection for your buildings, send us your name and i. We solicit your correspondence.

Empire Manufacturing Co

Carry sixty per cent more load than narrow tires under same conditions. Save money because never need repairs. We furnish steel wheels any size to fit any axle - get a set for your wagon. Our free Catalogue tells the farmer how to save money - write for it. EMPIRE MANUFACTURING CO., Box 107-Z, Quiocj , 111.

Some very desirable territory not yet occupied. Agency terms sent on applic't'n This machine goes thru deep mud & will cliruh steep hills .1 gal. gasoline v. ill run it :10 mi. rubier tires, double chain drive, 10 to 12 h. p.j is

A Fair Exchange

Two mothers, each with two little children, and living in the same country neighborhood, have adopted a good plan which other mothers might well copy it. Their children are about the same age, and each has had the dreaded experience of trying to shop in town and take care of little ones at the same time. Every "mother knows what weary work it is to hold a restless infant in check and look at goods, while another is tugging at her skirts. After many tedious trips and unsatisfactory experiences, these two mothers planned their work so that one could keep all the children while the other went to town or to entertainments. It was decided that nothing should be given the children to eat while away from home but bread and butter or bread and milk, and that discipline was to be maintained. Many mothers hesitate to leave their children with friends because it takes two or three days tt> get the little stomachs in order, and to restore law and harmony in the household after the injudicious feeding and petting which the youngsters have enjoyed, but in this case there is no petting and no ,rich food given the little ones.

The children are simply dressed in clean everyday frocks and taken to the neighbor's, then the mother is free to prepare for her trip and to enjoy herself after she gets, away. She knows that her children are well cared for, so she is not hurried or worried, and does her errands in less than half the time it takes to bundle around with children. Another important thing is always dttne when she gets home. Before she goes for her little ones, she changes her clothes and hangs those worn to town out to air, especially in winter time. Women who take out children who are -'^covering from from chicken-pox, measles, whoopingcough and other childish diseases are too numerous to mention. Often mothers bring their little ones in to the doctor and afterwards trail from store to store with them regardless of the infection. "Other people spread diseases, so there is no use in my being particular," remarked a mother complacently as some one spoke of her baby's cough. "I can't stay at home always for the whooping cough." So this other mother shakes and airs her clothes well to rid them of possible disease germs.

Of course there are occasions when both ladies want to go at the same time, but these times only serve to show them how blest they are in having their convenient arrangement. Often in summer the two families drive to town, or to church, and the ladies sit still with their babies in the buggies while the men do the errands, but going in summer is a different proposition from getting around in cold weather. When they see tired mothers worrying around with cross children they wonder that more people have not adopted their sensible plan. Perhaps the most important thing in the success of this plan is that neither imp >ses upon the other. A one-sided affair would soon come to naught, but each respects the rights of the other. In this way life is much pleasanter for both mothers and the children are not exposed to diseases or tired out by being dragged about on shopping tours.

Ants. - How can we kill small red ants in a brick walk? L. H. R.. McKean. Pa. - Boiling water or kerosene poured into their nests will kill them. Gasoline or bisulphide of carbon poured into their nests ami then covered with a blanket or carpet will surely put an end to them.

It is a fact not generally known that very few sewing machine manufacturers produce their own cabinet work. This is a distinct industry in itself.

tfl The Singer Company owns and operates the largest and best equipped factory in the world, exclusively devoted to the production of the highest grade sewing machine cabinet work.

Only the finest woods procurable are used. To insure the proper selection of these woods, a corps of expert wood rangers is employed, whose duty it is to purchase individual trees, the grain and growth of which entitle them to use in Singer cabinet work.

This is why Singer cabinet work, besides being the most durable, is also the most beautiful, - the Singer process brings out all the richness and natural beauty of the wood.

You can keep your kitchen cool and comfortable with the new Perfection Wick Blue Flame oil cook stoves. Simple, easily kept clean, quickly regulated to any degree of heat and will do all kinds of cooking without smoke or odor. Use any ordinary grade of good kerosene or coal oil. same as your lamps. Absolutely no danger. This 3-burner stove delivered to any freight station eat of the Miss. River or south to Tenn., for only $9.25. Two-burner steel oven $2.25, one-burner oven $1.75 Send for circular showing other styles. THE OHIO FARMER, Cleveland, O.

Same day last year.28,525 46,267 17,415 Received last week.49,309 167,355 65.387 Same w'k last y'r...53,392 129,207 57,691 Cattle were not in heavy demand last week. Trade continues lighter than at corresponding periods in recent years owing to high prices and dull times. Receipts were light, however, and sales averaged 5 to 25c higher. Monday and Wednesday made an extremely good showing of choice beeves, mostly "Western, and sales were made at $7@7.30, the top being 5c higher than in recent weeks. Poorer light-weight steers have been selling at $4.75@5.75; middling class. $6@6.45; good shipping steers, $6.50@6.90. There was not much trading below $6, and $6@6.95 paid for most of the offerings, exporters being only fair buyers. Prices were the highest seen in May in many years, 1902 excepted, when steers sold at $4.S0(5>7.60. Handy little cattle are most sought after, altho good weights are required for the Eastern shipping trade. The outlook is good for choice cattle, but this is a good time for marketing fat beeves. When grass cattle become plentiful the ordinary class will undoubtedly sell lower. Cows and heifers are scarce and extremely good sellers at $3.50@6.85; canners and cutters, $1.75@ 3.45; bulls, $3@6.10; stags, $4@6; calves, $2.50@6.25; milkers, $25@60 per head. Great numbers of calves were received from dairy districts. Stockers and feeders went at $3.25@5.75. Today's cattle market was active at 10c higher. There was a $7.30 top.

Hogs were marketed freely last week. The good Eastern shipping demand was the main element of strength, altho the Chicago packers made good purchases of packing lots. Prices have been steady in recent weeks, and no immediate great changes are generally looked for, altho with activity in corn planting, fewer offerings and stronger prices would seem natural. Evidently the East and the Middle West have no large supply of hogs left. The hogs arriving here average 220 lb., compared with 234 lb. a year ago and 225 lb. two years ago. A large spring pig crop is reported and is doing well. Today's rather large supply was well taken at steady prices, hogs selling at $5.25@ 5.67y2.

Sheep and lamb receipts were small last week, the percentage of sheep and yearlings being extremely small. Buyers wanted light-weight lambs again, and heavier lots were slow and! weak. A few extra heavy ewes and wethers went at high prices. Ruling prices for both sheep and lambs are much lower than a year ago. Spring lambs are scarcely offered, but fed lambs are fairly plentiful, many coming clipped. The dearness of mutton still checks its consumption and is a weakening factor in the sheep market. Lambs are considerably higher than a week ago. with an active demand today at $7@7.75 for wooled. and $5(3)7 for clipped. Ewes, $4@5.75; wethers. $5.30(5)6.15; rams, $3@5.50; yearlings, $5.50 @6.35.

Horses have been marketed freely for another week, and attendance was large. Drivers have been selling at $150(5)350; drafters. $170@230;farm and small chunks, $100@140. The active season for small horses is over, and southern buying orders are very limited, the best call being for good chunks weighing from 1,200 to 1.400 lb., these being wanted for shipment East. - F.

Chicago Top Prices A Tear Ago Our Buffalo Letter

OUR BUFFALO LETTER. E. Buffalo, N. Y.. May 11. 1908. After Monday the receipts of cattle were extremely light. Receipts of hogs for the week were light, and demand fair. After Monday prices were from 5 to 15c higher than the opening day. Receipts of sheep and lambs moderate, demand poor. Prices declined until Saturday when choice lambs sold from 20 to 30c lower than Monday. Demand for sheep was fair and prices steady to strong as compared with Monday. Receipts of calves after Monday was light and the demand very go'od arid with a gradual increase in prices each day. Saturday's closing quotations were $1 per hundred higher than Monday.

Cattle receipts today were 3,250 head. With a good demand the general market was from 10 to 15c higher than a week ago on everything except stockers and feeders, which were about steady. There were 15 oars of shipping and export steers; the top sale for the day was on a load that averaged 1,377 lb. at $7.05. Choice butcher steers were most wanted: strong 15c higher, top being $7.25. Choice fat cows and heifers found ready market; common kinds slow sale. Stock bulls steady: bologna, butcher and heavy grades shared in advance. There wore 30 cars of stockers and feeders, 7 cars of Canadian stockers. Trading in this division did not show much activity. Choice grades about steady: common kinds, very slow, lower. One car Canadians, averaging 625 lb., sold for $4.90. Choice fresh cows and springers were strong as compared with last Monday.

today, market 5 to 10c lower than Saturday, except pigs, which sold steady. Pigs, $5.60@5.65; other grades. $5.80(3)5.90.Trading was active and a good clearance was effected.

With 12,800 head of sheep and lambs on sale today and a good demand, prices were 25c per hundred higher than Saturday. Choice lambs sold up to $7.50. but the bulk went from $7.35-5>7.40. Trading on heavy and cull lambs better than a week ago. The light run of lambs caused a good demand for yearlings and these sold strong; top for the day, $6.75. Sheep were in light supply and under a good demand sold a strong quarter higher.

There were 3,200 head of calves on sale - too many for the demand. Prices were 50c per cwt. lower than last Saturday. Choice veals sold as high as $7.25, the bulk at $7; cull calves, $6 down.

There were 28 loads of horses on sale today, and a good attendance of buyers. Prices were $10 to $15 lower. Sales fairly active and about everything cleaned up at the close.

Cattle.- - The supply on sale was 90 loads, against 60 loads last week. While the supply was larger than last week the attendance of buyers was good and the market ruled active at steady prices on the good cattle and medium fat grades. Under grades were lower. Bulls were in light supply and higher; fat cows and heifers sold at stronger prices. Some fancy cattle of good weight were on sale here and sold at the highest price of any that have been sold for some time. Good fresh cows were in demand; plain grades slow.

Sheep. - The supply on sale was 15 double-deck loads. The market ruled higher on choice handy-weight lambs and best sheep; other grades were slow at barely steady prices. Spring lambs were in liboral supply and sold slow and lower.

Cattle market strong and slightly higher on all grades. Calves, 25 to 50c higher than last week. Sheep strong at unchanged prices. Lambs, 25 to 50c higher. Hogs active at steady -prices.

Cleveland Top Prices A Year Ago

The New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin of May 9. says: Best grades of butter sell readily at steady prices; lower grades are slow. Cheese is quiet. Eggs are strong at higher prices. " Live poultry is quiet, sales are slow. Dressed poultry is in better position and tairly active. Vegetables show early season activities but fruit is quiet.

WOOL TRADE REVIEW The American Wool and Cotton Reporter of May 7. says: The past week has been very dull in the wool market. Dealers seem to have lost all Interest in wool buying for the present, and only th 00081 attractive prices induce activity. The local trade shows no interest in the new clip, so far as direct buying is concerned. They do not see their way clear to get near the prices which growers are demanding, and very few buyers have gone into the West to buy. In addition to the price differences, the manufacturers are unusually critical and dealers plan to buy only on close inspection. Original bag business Is a dead letter, and future deliveries will be tested by the fleece rather than by the bag. This will place new responsibility upon both buyers and growers. Si- .1 twine will prove costly this year, as fair warn.ng has been given to all concerned, and large consumers will take fleeces tied with sisal only at reduced prices. Cleaner wool will be necessary as well, and the practice of weighting bags will prove expensive. The amount of domestic clip which will be carried over is considerable at the present rate of buying, but will be quickly cleaned tip If buying gets back to normal figures. Some wide-awake growers, not impressed with the auction and warehouse schemes, propose to go Baal with their wool and sell It themselves. Should an active goods market materialize, there will be n good margin of profit in such a move, hut under the circumstances the outlook Is not particularly blight. Prices are steady at nominal quotations given last Week.

proximately 4.405.000. against 4.595 0(K year ago - a decrease of 190,000. prj advanced during the week, the gene closing price at prominent markets be; $.".5o per cwt.. compared with $5.45 )| week. $5.60 two weeks ago, $6.35 a y( ago. $6.35 two years ago and $5.30 thi years ago. The speculative provisi market was fairly active during the pt week, but prices remained steady. J\ pork was lowest at $13.30. highest $13.65. closing at $13.50. against $13.47^ week ago and $16.25 a year ago T week's export clearances were as follow Total meats 10.623.0oo lb. against 1" 29: 000 lb. last year. Lard. 9.794.000 lb. coi pared with 11.063.000 lb. a year ago.

Cleveland. O.. May 12. 19 "8. Butter was marked down 2 cents t. da on all grades. Eggs are steady. Poi.lfl firm and higher. Grains, arc down. Y>g;ts bles steady,

PORK PACKING AND PROVISIONS The Cincinnati Price Current of May 7 reports 465.000 hogs killed In the West last week, compared with 380.000 week before. 370.001 two weeks ago and 520.000 a v. - T"b« total from March 1 Is ap^-

BUSINESS AND CROP NOTES, un's Review of May 9 reports that ther conditions of last week had conrable effect upon retail trade. Low peratures checked the demand for t weight wearing apparel in a marwhich was already backward. Heavy s started reports of damage to crops, there was no evidence of serious in- . As a rule, the agricultural sections an early start and some little delay his time is not necessarily serious. but ns and cotton prices moved upward as ;sult. Manufacturing conditions show e change, much machinery being idle new business coming forward slowly, imcial sentiment is improving. Faildecreased in number, while liabilities April were smaller than in any [th since November. Railroad earnings Vpril were 19.6 percent less than in , and foreign commerce at New York for last week showed a gain of ,767 in exports and a loss of $4,975,474 mports. Failures for the week num- 288 in the United States, against same week last year, and 22 in Cana- ;ompared with 18 a year ago. radstreet's summary of crop conditions the week is as follows: Too much rain "Cast. West and South. Weather cool, t week's frosts hurt fruit and cotton, iter wheat helped in Kansas and Ne- ;ka. but low lands in Missouri and a valley were flooded and wheat turnyellow. Spring wheat helped by cool ther. Pacific Northwest in excellent iition. Colorado fruit crop injured 50 :ent. but sugar beets improved. Corn rtjg and planting delayed and may ate. Oats area decreased from 2 to 5 ;ent by wet weather ' and ground, sts in South injured fruits, vegetables cotton. Heavy rains delay cultivation.

he week was cold, cloudy and wet. The iperature averaged 6.0 degs. a day bethe normal for the season. The highreported was 79 degs.. at Waverly, on 6th; lowest was 32 degs., at Garrettse on the 5th and at Norwalk on the i. A heavy frost was reported in idusky County on the 4th and a light it in Seneca and Huron counties on the i. The rainfall was excessive in cenl and southern counties and was modtely heavy in northern. The fall was r four inches in Adams, Highland, War- , and Hamilton counties. The aver- ! for the state was 1.29 inches above normal. Lowlands have been badly ided in central and southern districts I some damage has been reported. Hail in Columbiana County on the 7th. The :rage sunshine for the state was 3 than 20 percent of the possible ount. - J. Warren Smith, Section Direc- , Weather Bureau.

ing out on grass. Pig crop little below average. Quite a few colts. Horses scarce. Not many sheep. Quite an oat acreage, looking nice. All grass doing fine. Alfalfa redeeming itself. Plowing well along. Many ready to plant corn, tho none in yet. Most farmers testing seed. Some early potatoes in. - C. A. Waugh.

Fulton Co., O., (N. W.) May 5. - Cold with high wind!i and frost. Stock wintered well; plenty of feed. Not many sheep in -county, mostly cows. Wheat looking well. Oats all in. New seeding good. Wheat, 96c; oats, 50c; corn. 90c cwt.; butter, 28c; eggs, 14c. Corn planting will begin next week. Many silos will be built this summer. - J. M. Sindel.

Logan Co.. O.. (C.) May 4. - Cold.rainy and backward. No corn planted yet; some potatoes planted two weeks ago. not up yet. Potatoes, 80c; corn, 70c; eggs, 13c; butter, 25c. No sale for wool. Sod about all plowed. Cold, wet weather delaying farm work. Oats all sowed. - Jesse L. Stout.

Morgan Co., O., (S. E.) May 2. - Cold and rainy. Snow April 30. Live stock mostly on grass. Wheat looking well; little corn planted, too cold to grow. Fat cattle, 4y2@5%c; sheep, 4y2@5c. Oats about all sown. Fruit practically all right yet. Some fat sheep shorn. Farm work well along. Gardens mostly made. Wheat, 95c; corn, 80c; potatoes, 80c; butter, 18c; eggs, 14c. - W. B. Hopkins.

Monroe Co.. O., (E. C.) May 4. - Cold and wet with 2 inches or snow on April 30. Good horses scarce and high. Local butchers buying what few fat cattle there are at 4c; hogs, 4%c; no sheep selling;few in this section of country. Stock looking well. Wheat looking fine; grass good. Some corn planted; farmers are afraid the corn will rot on account of cold, wet weather. Corn. 80c; oats, 75c; wheat, 90c; potatoes, 80c; butter, 25c; eggs, 13c. Farmers well along with their work. - R. L. Cleary.

Whitley Co., Ind., (N. E.) May 5. - Cool with some rain. Stock turned on pasture in good condition. Plenty of rough feed. Corn scarce and high, 85c; oats, 50c; wheat, 95c; chop, $25; rye, 70c; barley, 60c; potatoes, 70c. Not much corn planted on account of recent rains and cool weather. Ground froze hard on 1st and 2d. All fruit trees loaded with blossoms. Plenty of strawberry, raspberry and blackberry blossoms. A large acreage of corn planted. - B. B.

iles and brood mares wanted. The ing has been rather backward. Quite amount of corn and canteloupes plantbut the latter will all have to be reinted. since the frost. - W. L. Montgomyyoming Co., N. Y.. (C.) May 7. - Six eight inches of snow on May 1. Roads re drifted, are now muddy with cold ns. Cows will soon be turned to pasre. March milk paid from $1.19 to 40. Good cows worth $50; hay, $10;veals, ; best hides. 3%c; butter. 20c; eggs. 15c; js, $3; good work horses. $200 and up; ;d oats. 65c; potatoes, 75c; month hands, > to $30 and board. Some oats sowed, a » potatoes planted. Grass starting. A tie less' rain and a little more sunshine mid do wonders for the farmers. - T. B. -lson.

aralysis. - Two-year-old heifer had a calf last August and was never able to stand up afterwards. She died a few days later. At what age should a heifer be bred to avoid difficulty in calving? J. A. S., Roseville. O. - Your heifer died of paralysis which was very likely due to blood poison. She may not have cleaned properly and did not have proper care after calving. Breed heifers to calve at two years.

Ohio Orange Meetings

OHIO ORANGE MEETINGS. Auglaize Co. Pomona Grange will meet in as.-embly room of courthouse at Wapakoneta. May 16, 10 A. M. All fifth degieemembers urged to attend. Fourth degree members cordially invited. - Jos. A. Pence, sec'y.

Columbiana Co. Pomona will meet at Salem Grange hall, May 16. Topics for discussion: The Strawberry, House Cleaning, Farming as a Science, Panics - Influence on Agriculture. - F. J. Ward master; G. W. Kunkle. lect.

Additional Veterinary

Gastritis. - Horse has catarrh of stomach; also small bunches in skin. E. M. B., Justus. O. - Mix equal parts bicarbonate soda, charcoal and gentian together and give 2 tablespoonfuls at a dose in feed, 3 times a day.

Sit-fast. - Mare bruised breast, causing a hard bunch the size of a goose egg. J. G. F.. Coshocton. O. - Drugs will not reduce a bunch of this kind; so it will have to be cut out. If low down it is not a dangerous operation; however, if high up near the large blood vessels on either side, then there is considerable danger and the work should be done by a competent veterinarian.

Out of Condition. - Mare, due to foal latter part of this month, is hide-bound and very thin. H. J., McComb, O. - Groom her well twice a day. exercise some and give all the hearty food she will eat. Also give % oz. ground gentian, % oz. ground ginger. 1 dr. sulfate iron and a tablespoonful of salt at a dose in feed. 3 times a day. Let her have enough grass to open her bowels.

Indigestion. - Cow is well fed, but does not seem to digest her food. Her bowels are too loose and she is losing flesh rapidly. C. F. W., Loudonville, O. - Give her % oz. powdered sulfate iron, % oz. ground gentian. 1 oz. ground ginger, 2 oz. prepared chalk and 1 oz. powdered charcoal at a dose in feed, 2 or 3 times a day.

Mammitis. - Cow. fresh March 18, had bunch on upper part of one teat and udder swelled. I used teat opener and both quarters of right side swelled. On March 23 she came down with milk fever. I applied the air treatment and now three quarters of udder is affected and very hard. A. M., Somerset, O. - The whole udder become infected when you gave her the air treatment. Foment udder well with hot water and support it with sling. Allowing it to hang in a normal condition is very irritating. Apply equal parts witch-hazel and water, 2 or 3 times a day. Give 2 oz. hypo-sulfite soda at a dose in feed, night and morning. Draw off fluid from udder if possible. Boil all instruments 10 minutes each time before using them.

Lump-Jaw. - Steer has growinig lump on the jaw. D. W. S.. Fostoria. O. - You had better apply 1 part red iodide mercury and 4 parts lard to bunch, every week. Also give 2 dr. iodide of potassium at a dose in feed, night and morning, for 3 weeks.

Weakness. - Cow inverted uterus when she had her first calf. Would you breed her again? L. A. D.. New Milford. O. - If she is a good cow it would be advisable to breed her again.

Abdominal Fistula. - Heifer has had suppurative trouble on belly, near navel, since she was a calf and it has never healed. She is now in calf and in good condition. H. H. S.. Xenia. O. - Apply equal parts calomel, tannic acid and boric acid, twice a day, and after she has her calf the fistulous tumor sb~ 1 be cut out. It will soon heal.

Vaginal Discharge. - Heifer came fresh two weeks ago and has had bloody discharge from womb ever since. A. F. P.. Covington. O. - Put 1 oz. alum in 3 pints tepid water, and wash out vagina and uterus once a day. Also apply same quan-

Grand Opening

Eighty thousand acres of the most productive land in the United States, located in the great Twin Falls Country, Southern Idaho, will be opened for entry to settlers on June 1st next, under the Carey Act of Congress.

Applications for 40, 80, 120 and 160-acre farms can be made in person or by Power of Attorney. Price per acre,%$40.50, with perpetual water rights, $3.25 per acre first payment, with deferred payments running over a period of ten years. Why slave and worry along with a worn-out farm that with great effort gives but a bare existence?

The climate is healthful, mild and invigorating. Good railroad facilities, schools, churches and markets. 20,000 excellent people - men and women of more than average intelligence and thrift are now located in the Twin Falls tract, and are transforming this heretofore arid country into a veritable garden.

Southern Idaho is rapidly becoming the garden spot of the Golden West. No other section can produce such a diversity of crops. Peaches, apples, pears, prunes, small fruits, sugar beets, potatoes, onions, alfalfa, wheat, oats and barley are produced in the greatest abundance and with comparatively little labor. No place can equal this country for stock raising - rich, sweet grasses in greatest plenty.

The opening of this tract is the opp a farm will mean in a few years your ment plan makes the proposition espec all the payments and provide well for be four-fold greater than they are at p in value from year to year. This is in tained from scores of other properties ortunity of a lifetime. The purchase of financial independence. The easy payially attractive. Your farm will meet your family besides. Your returns will resent and your property will increase accordance with results already obin the Twin Falls country.

A Municipal Bond is a receipt for money loaned to a city or a county for a given length of time, and is secured by the taxes on property No matter how bad the politics of a community may be, it cannot affect the security.

The United States Treasury accepts for Government deposits such bonds as we offer you. Your principal can not shrink, your interest is always assured, we remit for your coupons the day they are due.

All Northern Grown and guaranteed to be 99 per cent pure. Should produce hay at $40.00 per acre annually. Write for Free Sample and instructions on growing.

Grain And Grass Seeds The J. E. Wing & Bros. Seed Co

Northern Grown and of strongest vitality. We invito you to get Government Testa on our samples. Send for Cat. No. S# THE J. E. WING & BROS. SEED CO. Box 220' Mechanicsburgr, Ohio

Iowa Gold Mine Seed Corn

I have a limited amount of Ohio grown Iowa Gold Mine Seed Corn which I will Bell while it lasts at $1.50 per bushel in new grain bags and no charge for the bags. This Corn will be shipped in the ear. It ripened early last fall and yielded better than sixty bushels per acre. Order early as the supply is limited. CHARLES S. BEHYMER, Rockford, Ohio.

Hl itnilUII nets. Correspond with IRON CITY PRODUCE CO.. about the handling of your Emits, Foultry, Produce, etc 201 Eerry Street, Pittsburg, J'eumi

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Selected Yellow I>ent Seed Corn - Can All all orders with 1906 corn and ship Immediately, $3.00 per bushel: 20e for bags. S. F. SHELLY & SONS. Defiance, Ohio.

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A Fine Team

Every farmer, I dare say, enjoys seeing a fine, well-kept team. Too many farm horses, however, show a decided lack of proper feeding and grooming. Proper grooming goes a long way in improving any animal's appearance, if nothing more. The team shown on this page is owned by Mr. C. T. Winckles of North Ridgeville. Both are bay, tho one verges on the brown. The off one is five years old and the nigh one eight years. Without the harness they weigh something over 2,900 pounds. As is shown by the plowed ground, they have been doing their share toward getting in the oat crop. - L. E. Hurst.

Dry Rot In Potatoes

Is dry rot in potatoes du« to the seed, season or spraying? Last year I planted good seed of the Mill's Prize variety. I sprayed every ten days after the potatoes were well along, and the tops stayed green until frost came. I harvested a fair crop and there were no signs of dry rot. I put the potatoes in a good cellar and when I came to market them I found fully one-third affected by dry rot. What was the cause and should I use those potatoes for seed? - C. Z. C, Hazen, Pa.

The cause of the dry rot in this inquirer's potatoes is probably due more than any other to the variety of potatoes, he grows. We find some varieties more or less affected with dry rot every season, and the causes which tend to aggravate the trouble are a wet, changeable season, alternate wet and dry, and extreme heat and told. The potato is very susceptible to adverse climatic conditions, and any condition that affects the foliage will likewise affect the tubers and may develop rot later in storage. The above conditions would "seem to favor the mushey rot more than the dry rot, but we note that some varieties which are subject to one kind of rot are almost immune to the other. Likewise, we find some varieties of potatoes which have many desirable features but are so susceptible to the scab fungi that they are practically worthless. Some varieties are entirely immune, and others almost so.

If the potato named has shown a disposition to dry rot badly in previous seasons, we would discontinue to grow it, as there are too many potatoes to be had that do not possess these serious weaknesses. Digging the crop before well ripened will cause dry rot to develop where they are scarred by the digger or bruised in handling. Placing potatoes in a tight cellar as soon as dug is not good practice. They should be allowed to sweat out in the aboveground, fall-storage rooms where ample ventilation can be given. Do not pile -up deeper than '1 ft. if the potatoes are greenish when dug.

The Beauty of Hebron types of potatoes are quite subject to dry rot; also the Triumph in a lesser degree. The White Mammoth family of potatoes are quite subject to the mushey rot in an unfavorable season. The Carman and Pride of Britain family ar£ not much subject to rot of any kind in any season. We have observed that the color is somewhat of an index to the flesh of a potato, each denoting a certain texture, composition and flavor. With this fact before us we can readily understand why certain potatoes are either susceptible or resistant of disease and why some possess superior edible qualities, and others do not.

In this case the spraying was certainly helpful rather than otherwise, as the vines were kept green and vigorous until full time for ripening. I will say that I would not grow a potato so late in ripening that the frost would ever catch it green unless very late planted. I do not believe in late planting ordinarily. When frost catches potatoes in a green state both the keeping and edible qualities are impaired. I would not object to using the sound tubers for seed. - J. F. Keller, Licking Co., O.

Early And Late-Sown Clover

Some believe in sowing their clover early in the season (in southern Ohio the latter part of February and in our own latitude about the middle of March} while others are positive that "early sowing is not the thing," and that the safest and best way is to wait until after all freezing weather is over under normal conditions, and the ground settled and the weather warm enough to cause the seed to germinate soon after sowing. The latter class is positive that early sown clover will su£- every detail, and yet each one abso- , fer and be badly damaged if not delutely correct in its author's estima- stroyed entirely by freezing weather tion. it is that which concerns the rais- which generally comes after short ing and care Of the clover crop. We oc- warm spells during April. Those who casionally hear men differ with re- hold views in favor of early sowing as gard to best and most practical meth- against late, claim that more injury ods in raising corn, wheat, oats and comes to the young plant when sown potatoes, but, in the main, farmers hold similar opinions regarding time and methods used in getting good results with these general crops. With clover culture it is not so. And the curious thing about these discussions is that each man can give a seemingly good and substantial reason for the methods he practices, and in most cases, he "never fails to get a good stand" late in the season, after the ground becomes packed and solid, from lack of moisture and insufficient root growth when short dry spells come, as they do almost every season during May and June, than ever happens tp it from freezing weather after it germinates and comes up earlier in the season. Then there are others who always harrow thei'1 wheat ground in the spring.

just before sowing their clover seed, and they are invariably successful in getting a nice crop, altho they do not sow their seed until late in April or early in May.

Now when one listens to these various methods being advocated, with the instances of success following, they can form but one conclusion if the statements made in each case are true. That is, that the time of seeding has little or nothing to do with subsequent results. If the weather is damp and we have rainfall enough to insure plenty of moisture for the young plants during May and June, good results will almost always follow, whether the seed was sown early or late. This fact was well proven last year when everybody who sowed clover got a good stand, regardless of the time of sowing. After carefully watching the results of these methods, we have come to the conclusion that chances for securing a good stand of clover, under the common methods of seeding on wheat ground, are much better from early sowing than from late. The danger of injury from late frosts is very small, besides, when seed is sown early in the season the freezing and thawing of the soil allows the seed to become imoedded in the soil, thus giving it u slight covering of earth. The seed thus covered does not germinate as quickly in a temporary warm spell as where lying on the surface, and when it does come up it has a much better root gro-" h that will enable it to withstand any temporary drouths that may come in the late spring or early summer.

We have carefully examined our early-sown clover for several years past, after it has oeen subjected to rather severe frosts when quite young, and we have failed as yet to find any loss or damage to the crop from this cause. This year we have had several severe freezes since we noticed our young i lover being up, but we can see do damage to it so far. There is one thing we do notice, however, where the seed is sown on soil that is packed. That is, that when rain comes soon after sowing, the seed is washed into low places, making it too thick in these places and too thin on the higher places from which it was washed. This never occurs when seed is sown when ground is frozen and thaws soon after. The "one thing needful," however, for successful clover growing is to get as much humus into the soil as possible, thus insuring a sufficient amount of moisture to keep the young plant growing until wheat, or whatever other crop may be grown with it, is ripe and harvested. We have been looking o\er our clover fields that were ?own this spring and find the facts as stated above. We believe that much of the doubt and uncertainty regarding the effects which certain conditions have upon growing crops could be removed by farmers making practical observations and comparisons- at such opportune times as will prove the correctness or incorrectness of many of the theories about which they have indefinite views - John Begg. Allen Co., O.

State Corn Show

The executive committee of the Ohio Corn Improvement Association, at i meeting held May 7. decided to hold a state corn show late in .November, this year. Prizes will be offered in several classes for the best samples of corn, including prizes for the largest, and best county exhibits. A new and particularly valuable feature will be prizes for best reports on cost of corn production, covering yield per acre, relation between yield and cost of production and accuracy in records of accounts. The state association will not claim ownership of the corn exhibited at the state show, but reserves the ji-i&ht to select any samples to be sent to the National Exposition to be held at Omaha, Dec. 1.0 to 19. These samples will be exhibited in the grower's name. In this way the corn which is sent to Omaha will be sent in one shipment from Columbus, without expense to the grower. Farmers should keep this show in miiid and prepare to enter the contest. More complete details will be published later. The committee having the matter in charge is composed of V. M. Shoesmith, chairman, Columbus; F. H. Owen, secretary, Marion; L. P. Bailey, Tacoma; Howard McCune, Wilmington; Wm. Sprenger, Washington, C. H.; and D. M. Weaver, Leipsic.

Farm Tenantry

A person unacquainted with the real situation would be justified in believing, from reading the various articles lately published on the subject, that the lot of the farm tenant is a hard one. Indeed the impression is that it is little better than peonage and somewhat better than slavery. I can say to the young men that this is not altogether true, and I can assure them, from experience, that the farm tenant is not only in position to make money, but may achieve for himself credit and standing in his community. I shall never' advise any one to be satisfied with less than ownership of the land whereon the living must be made, but I have a word of encouragement for those young men whose fortunes are in the formative stage, and who, perforce, must "stoop to conquer," by reason of necessity.

To all such, the system of farm tenantry is a godsend, and furnishes the material out of which the industrious, honest and ambitious young man may construct the foundation t>f his life happiness and material success. Very often a young married couple starts out to make their own way in life. Fortune may have frowned upon their birth, and their worldly possessions may be few and of small value. But that is of small consequence, for they possess health and strength and a full confidence in their own capacity for work. Their good red blood is better than all the blue blood in the world, and they need not be ashamed to ask a land owner to barter his land against their strength and labor. If they will but work and manage as they would any other business proposition, they need not remain poor. The start on the road to land ownership is slow, always, but it does begin and the progress is constant and noticeable. It will doubtless surprise some of those who darkly hint at the adverse condition of the average farm tenant, to learn that there are many such tenants who of choice remain tenants in preference) to owning their farming land. I know of instances where tenants have thousands of dollars invested in securities and loaned at interest, who are amply able to purchase and immediately pay for the land they farm, who prefer to continue as they are, renting and laying up money every year. Young men who must make a start, and who have no means and possibly no credit, will not be attracted to the ancient and honorable occupation of farming by the remarks made about tenantry by men whose years and experience entitle them to consideration. Such statements are bad, both for the land owner and the tenant. Whenever farm tenants are discouraged from adopting farming as a life business, and seek some other means of making a livelihood, the value of land is affected and the vital interests of the land owner and of farming is assailed.

Farm tenantry is honorable and it is a good occupation for young men to engage in, since above all other callings it affords all but absolute personal freedom and is full of promise for the future. I have in mind a f-irm tenant, a young man who rents two farms, one of a hundred acres and ths other a quarter section. A hundred and ten acre are in woods pasture - good blue grass. He farms it for half, and he own the work teams and implements: all the other stock is held in equal partnership. His actual net profits for this past year amounted to nearly two thousand dollars. How he did it is an interesting story and some day he may tell it in detail. This man has been living cn the same farm Of a hundred acres for ten years and has made and saved enough money to buy it and pay for it »r.v day. But he prefers to continue as a tenant, and he has many good arguments to back up his position. This man has many words of encouragement for beginners. - Thos. Alphrain, Wayne Co., Ind.

Curing Clover

Will some one with practical experience who can cure his clover so that the leaves and heads will not fall off in the winter when it is being fed, give his method thru the columns of the Ohio Farmer? - G. L. Darrow.S mmit Co., O.

One of the chief reasons for the falling of the leaves of the clover is that farmers as a rule let it stand too late before cutting. I have had long experience in making hay from red clover and other legume crops. My practice is to mow the clover as soon as a few brown heads are seen here and there. It is then in the most perfect stage for feed. Mow as soon as the dew is fairly off in the morning, and mow till noon only. Put the tedder right after the mower and keep the hay tossed up to facilitate the rapid wilting. In the afternoon rake into windrows. Next day open up the windrows and turn them with the rake and in the afternoon put into cocks all that was cut the day before. Make the cocks as tall and narrow as will stand, and do not allow the hay to heat in the cock or the leaves will fall in storing it. If there is any tendency to heat, open the cocks and remake them. As soon as you can take a bunch and twist it hard and can see no sap run to the twist, put it in the barn and let it settle simply by its own weight; do not tramp and pack it. Then let it severely alone, for if it heats and you turn it and let the air in.it will be apt to mould. I have cured it in this way for the last forty years and had the leaves stay on and remain a bright green. But you should have hay caps at hand in case rain comes while the hay is in the cocks, for rain seriously damages clover hay. Use a porous cotton cap and not the tight pressed paper ones, which shut down the steam and make the hay heat in the cock. Never let the leaves get crisp before storing. - W. F. Massey, Wicomico Co., Md.

Troops In The Tobacco District

Ripley, Brown Co... is now headquarters of military operations as directed against the "night riders" in the river counties of southwestern Ohio. State troops are stationed at various places in the section, and detachments of soldiers patrol the highways and byways, nightly. The immediate cause of this strenuous action was the burning of a warehouse and contents at Boud's Ferry, a hamlet in Clermont Co. and on the Ohio River. One night a large band of masked "riders," their horses covered with sheeting, deliberately applied the torch with the above effect. Their work accomplished, the noisy path of their departure could be traced by the sound and flash of firearms and widely scattered empty cartridges. Other points were threatened and it became evident that the terrorized populace must be protected.

The Ohio State Legislature, then in session, took the subject up for consideration and soon passed laws calculated to aid in suppressing the riots. The scraping of beds, or in any other way interfering with the production of tobacco, was made a felony, punishable by extended imprisonment. Provision was made for a comprehensive detective system, covering the entire district. Troops were promptly sent with orders to "take such steps as seem to be necessary to prevent invasion, preserve order, and protect life and properly." The "law and order league" has Instituted an organization of detectives and is in full co-operation with the state authorities. With these forces in the field, it would seem that the mission of the "night rider" has become a precarious one.

During an all-day demonstration at Augusta. Ky.. and while troops were patrolling the roads on the Ohio si le of the river. 1.200 men were defiantly parading the streets in plain view. and. it is said, scoffing at the strength of the soldiers. However, many of our more thoughtful growers, nearly all of whom were loyal supporters of the movement as originally conducted, have seen the folly and foreseen the failure of the whole matter, and. wishing to maintain the reputation of themselves and their community, have severed connection with all influences calculated to continue the present outlawry.The movement was first launched as a fight against the American Tobacco Co. The latter now looks complaisantly on while the contending farmers are unconsciously defeating themselves by internal strife.

Most unfortunate of all, perhaps.are the bitter personal estrangements that are ensuing. In many instances these will last for years and be a very unpleasant barrier between man and man. The allegation on the part of our au^ thorities that the marauders are from the state of Kentucky, and the fact that the present military action is avowedly directed against the citizens of that state, will intensify a feeling which has not been any too friendly since the days of the Civil War. The brunt of this will fall upon those living near the border of the two states, which by nature are so located that mutual friendship is indispensable for various business and social reasons. In view of this and the many other unfortunate factors connected with the movement, we hope that all will soon be settled. - H. E. Tweed, Brown Co.. O.

Planting Beans

I am thinking of raising some red kidney beans and would like some information. How much should I plant per acre? How close should they be planted? Can I plant with a corn drill? Do they need fertilizer on common corn ground? When should I plant? What is a good yield? - E. K., Ripley.O.

We have had no experience with the particular variety of bean mentioned, and do not find it listed in our catalogs. We assume, however, that it is a bunch bean and that it should receive the treatment usually given to beans of that class.

All varieties of the bean are sensitive to the cold and should not be planted until the ground has thoroly warmed - say the latter part of May or fore part of June. The bean will usually thrive on any good corn land and may be successfully grown on soils not rich enough to produce the best growth of corn. They may be planted with an ordinary corn drill, the distance apart to be adjusted to suit the habit of growth of the plant, but usually from 30 inches to 3 feet between the rows, and from 2 to 6 inches in the drills. With the navy bean a fair yield is 15 to 20 bushels to the acre, but some varieties will excel this yield. The cultivation is the same as that for corn except that bean growers insist that the vines should not be disturbed when wet with dew. In the bean districts of New York a special machine is now used for lifting the beans when mature. A fertilizer for beans should carry phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen is usually not needed in any large quantity. A good proportion would be about 1 percent nitrogen, 10 percent phosphoric acid and 4 percent potash. - Chas. E. Thorne, Director Ohio Expt. Sta.

Cover Crop In Kentucky

I have an old field that will be in corn this season and will have to go back into corn next year. I want to know what to do with it this fall. Should I sow rye in level cultivation of corn and plow it under in the spring, or should I sow crimson clover after the corn is taken off? Would cow peas be of any value in this latitude? Could the clover and rye be sown together in the corn in August* Would they injure the corn? I notice that some authorities prefer vetches to rye for cover crop. - J. E. C, Germantown. Ky.

While row peas would do very well planted in the corn at last working. I think that in your section the best plan will be to sow crimson clover at that time among the corn. Sow 15 pounds of seed per acre on the fresh soil from the last working, so that the next rain will bury it. This has be come a common practice in southern Pennsylvania and in Maryland so that it is rare now to see a corn field in the fall that is not green with clover. This crop of clover can be plowed down in spring when in bloom in May and will greatly increase the corn crop. But in plowing such a crop for corn, do not turn it upside down and make a layer of coarse material to prevent capillary moisture rising. Edge up the furrows and then make the surface fine and the decaying vegetable matter evenly distributed in the soil. Rye is a very poor substitute for clover, but if your soil may not be inoculated for the clover it may be well to sow some rye at same time, so that if the clover fails you will still have a winter cover.

Crimson clover sometimes fails the first time sown and is a perfect success 'on the same land the next year, as the first sowing will introduc e the bacteria. Cow peas should do very well in your county. The hairy vetch sown among the corn, in the same way as I advise the crimson clover, will make a very good winter cover and green manure crop. But if you have any interest in wheat I would not advise the vetch, for it will reseed the land and come in the wheat and may make trouble there, as it is very hard to separate the seed from the wheat. Then, too, the vetch is apt to fail on land not inoculated with the bacteria that prefer the vetch. The vetch begin* seeding so early that it will be hard to prevent the reseed ing. But it will certainly make a great improvement in the corn crop. The vetch is rather more hardy than the crimson clover, but I do not think that you will have any difficulty in wintering the clover if sown at the last working of the corn. If you have been growing red clover the soil will be inoculated for crimson clover. - W. F. Massey, Wicomico Co., Md.

Concrete Water Filter

Concrete filters as described in this article will separate water from all impurities except such germs as can only be removed by distilling or boiling. In the oil fields this filter produces clear, sparkling water from polluted streams, and is kept in condition by simpiy skimming the oil and grease off the receiving basin once a day. Its capacity is large and it may be constructed of sufficient width to receive the flow of an entire brook where it enters the farm; thus insuring pure water for all purposes, as stock, steam boilers and household use. This filter was originally designed by one of the pioneer concrete engineers. whose many invention; in concrete work we have unrestrb U I use of, as he never patents them.

The filter can be made as small a* two feet square and four feet long, but the most practical size is four feet deep, eight feet long and as wide as c apacity may require, calculating about five gallons per minute per every [i of width. The capacity, however, depend* much upon the condition of the water to be filtered. The bottom, side walls and partitions should be six im hej thick, made of one part Portland cement, three parts sand and four parts aggregates, which must l>e poured or tamped into wood forms. They are best built in the ground so that about six inches of the top projects above the ground level.

The holes from the receiving to the sand basin, and from charcoal to outlet basin, are made by placing wood pegs, one inch in diameter. In the concrete while filling the forms, and removing the pegs when the forms are removed, both being done when concrete has become hard. Where water is scarce, the painting of the insides of the ba-ins with asphahum (black) paint will retain all the water For household use a cover of wood cr concrete slabs should be provided.

About six inches of gravel and one foot of dean sand should be placed in the sand basin. The charcoal basin is filled to a depth of three feet with charcoel, for stagnant water, but should < , nsist of limestone and brick bats for I lin water. The bottom of the receiving basin wilt retain much sediment which must be removed before reach- ing the openings into the sand basin. This sediment is always of a heavy, slimy nature which makes a good fertilizer for flower and vegetable gardens. The sand and gravel also become coated with a light-weight muck which retards the capac'ty of the filter; however, the water is purer after the sand has become partially coated. The sand must be renewed or removed and washed frorh one to six times a year, depending upon the amount of impurities contained in the water. The charcoal being. an air mixer r.arely ever requires attention and about two cleanings per year will answer for the other basins. In Western states where alkali abounds, a lump t)f alum dropped into the receiving basin once a month does much to clarify the water. - Hainan Glock.

A Sensible Farmer

Near us live a man and his wife on a farm of fifty acres. They own the land and it is all paid for. Their house is nice and comfortably equipped with books, musical instruments and a number t)f handy devices. They do not seem ambitious to own any more land, as they not only make a good living but they save a neat little sum of money every year, and can well afford some of the luxuries of life. They keep the best farm animals, the cows and hens being the money makers of the estate. The woman has made a study of butter-making and poultry, and the butter she makes is the very best. It has won a reputation and she has regular customers in town who consider it a privilege to pay considerably more for it than they would pay at the grocery store. She is not able to supply the demand.

She also sells eggs and they too, have a reputation. This admirable woman also sells dressed chickens and ducks and they, like the eggs and butter, also have a reputation. They are cleaned to perfection and ready to go into the pot without argument. The husband looks after his full-blooded stock and /takes good care of it. These sensible people are earning more from their fifty acres than some men get from a section of land poorly looked after. Their income is all in cash and their money comes in every week and they are not killing themselves by hard work. - M. A. P., Marshall Co., 111.

Notes And Queries

Determination of Water in Butter. - Bulletin No. 154 of the Wisconsin Station describes a creamery method of determining- the water content of butter. A 50- grain sample of butter is dried in a highpressure oven consisting of a small chamber surrounded by live steam under pressure. The ordinary steam equipment of the regular creamery is sufficient for the test. The oven and method of using it are described in full. The publication also gives a study of the factors which influence the water content of butter. It shows that the moisture content is influenced by the manipulation of butter when working it and by the temperature of the wash water. Dry butter can be obtained by keeping the cream and the butter cold. by churning to small granules, by washing the butter a very little, and by giving it plenty of time to drain. Butter with high moisture content can be obtained by churning longer at a higher temperature until the granules are larger, and by churning the butter in the wash water. Water sticks to soft butter, but is easily pressed out of hard butter. The bulletin is sent free to readers who request it of above station. Madison. Wis.

Work on Road. - Please tell me whether or not an R. P. D. mail carrier can be compelled to work two days on the road. Will any one be compelled to work who is not a landowner? B. A. B. - The law in Ohio makes no exception in favor of an R. F. D. mail carrier. It provides that all male persons between the ages of 21 and 55 shall be- liable to do two days' work on the highways, with the exception o" honorably discharged soldiers of the United States army, United States pensioners, and members of paid fire departments. - H. L. S.

Estates. - In 1901 a father deeded to his son an 80-acre farm, valued at $50 an acre. The son agreed to care for the father during his lifetime and at his death to divide his estate in certain proportions, a part of which is to be paid to minor heirs of a daughter on their coming- of age. After the father's death a will was found dated 1896, which contains practically the same provisions. Should the son be appointed administrator, when should the heirs' interest begin, and which is binding, the will or the contract made with the son? Subscriber. - The will is bindingand should be probated and filed. If there is no widow, or if the widow does not desire to act. the son is entitled to be appointed administrator and draw his fees as such. The minor heirs are entitled to be paid in the amounts fixed for them in the will, and the amounts provided for them do not draw interest until they are payable. - H. L. S.

Advancement. - A. the father, deeds to B. the son, forty acres of land which is valued at $1,600, and it is the intention that B shall receive that much less from the estate when it is distributed. For the purpose of showing- that B has received that much B gives A a note signed by himself and his wife. The note makes no provision for interest; will it draw interest and can the son after the death of A collect interest on the note? G. B. - The general rule is that a note in which there is no rate of interest specified will draw interest at 6 percent after maturity. When this particular note is supposed to mature can not be said without seeing it; neither can it be said whether or nof interest could be collected after A's death. The note should show on its face why it is given and for what it is given, so that there could be no question about it after A's death. A note is unnecessary, and a receipt would answer the purposes better, and B should give A a receipt acknowledging receipt of $1,600 in advance from the distribution of the estate. A inuch better way to settle the matter would be for A to make a will and give B that much less from the estate and recite in the will that B had already received $1,600 in land. Either of these methods would leave no question about the matter. - H. D. S.

Ditches. - I wish to drain a piece of ground to which I can get no outlet for water except thru the railroad's right of way. I own the land on both sides of the railroad company's track. Can I compel the railroad company to give me an outlet and the means for paying for the exper.-e of constructing it? G. L. W. - There is no statutory provision on this matter, but on general principles the railroad company can not refuse to give you an outlet, provided the outlet is over the general course of the water and not an artificial course. The question is not decided, and I presume you would have to pay the expenses inasmuch a« it is for your benefit and not for the benefit of the railroad company. There is a statute which provides that railroad companies must provide an outlet for water standing along their right of way, but that has been held unconstitutional. They would still, however, be required to remove it if the standing water became a menace to public health. - H. L. S.

Right of Way. - I gave a right of way thru my farm to railroad company and did not reserve the right to remove coal, etc. Would it belong to the railroad company or to the owner of the property? Subscriber. - It depends entirely upon the terms of the instrument by which you conveyed the right of way. The probabilities are that it is broad enough to carry with it the coal, etc.. and in any event you could not remove them if by sc doing you interfered in any way with the railroad company's right. - H. L. S.

Estates. - A father dies and by will leaves a farm to the mother, providing that after her death it is to be divided equally among the children, except one son who is to receive more than the others. This son dies unmarried before the mother dies. Can his creditors collect his share? Subscriber. - It depends upon the phraseology of the will, but if the will is as you state the mother has a life estate and the son's share can not be sold to pay his debts until after her death. It is probable, however, that the creditors could go into court by action and have his share subjected to the payment of their debts, altho the property could not be sold until the mother dies. - H. L. S.

Partition Fence. - A line fence runs between the farms of A and H. A's part of the fence passes over a stream of water. Does H legally have to keep up one-half of the flood gates?A. G. H. - The fence law makes no provision whatever for the maintenance of flood gates. The matter should have been arranged between A and H at the time the fence was divided, and undoubtedly the township trustees, if they were forced to make the division, would take that matter into consideration. There do not seem to be any decisions covering the question. - H. L. S.

Water1 Power Query. - I would like to have suggestions, etc., regarding the building of an electric light and power plant, operated by water power for use on a farm. The stream, which is about 700 feet from the house, has a volume which would require from an 8- to a 12-inch pipe the year around. My plan is to build a concrete dam, with a small water turbine (say 2-horse-power) cemented therein. Do you think this would be satisfactory? In building the dam, what precautions should be taken, in case of high water, etc.? I would like to correspond with people who have plants operated by water power. W. E. Smith, Logan Co., O. - We shall be pleased to print a reply to the above from any one who can answer, it. - Editors.

Getting Seed from Mammoth Clover. - To get seed from mammoth clover should I pasture or clip and about when and how long? And when should I cut the seeds? E. B. Jones, Seneca Co., O. - If the spring is reasonably wet pasture pretty close until about June 1 to 10, or when common red clover shows buds. Or clip with mowing machine about when you would stop pasturing. Cut for seed when nearly all the heads have turned brown.

"For the Land's Sake use Bowker's Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and those who till it. Est. 1873. For prices or agencies address Bowker, Cincinnati."

"Some Interesting Facts on a Homely Subject" treats upon the best way of getting the greatest fertilizing value out of your barnyard manure, which is the most perfect, most natural and most available sustinent of the soil. It is a resource of great value and to know how ' to properly handle it stands for gain, thrift and prosperity. Do you want to know what the liquids in barnyard manure are and why they are valuable? Then you should read this valuable book. Tou can obtain a copy of it Free by addressing the Louden Machinery Co., 602 Broadway, Fairfield, Iowa. Time is money and any device that will save time is a money maker for the farmer. Louden's Litter Carrier gets the most out of your dung heap - it does away with that blotch out back of the barn, and the clean cow barn is a sure indication of a prosperous farm. Louden Company are Hay Tool specialists and their Hay Carrier is one of the best on the market. No other firm turns out more perfect or more endurable goods.

For country traveling the best buggy to own is the Deal, made extra strong, by careful workmen who know their business. The bodies are finished like pianos and hold their beautiful luster for several years. No Cottonwood or basswood in a Deal Buggy. Bodies are made of the best quality of Whitewood. Sills, seat risers and bottom boards are extra heavy. Trimmings are full weight, highclass material, and it takes three months to complete the finishing process. Write for Catalog, and you will get much valuable information as to how a first-class buggy is built. Address J. J. Deal & Son, Dept. 10. Jonesville. Mich. This company has been in business over 50 years.

The business interests of H. W. Johns- Manville Co., in Detroit and adjacent territory ' have so increased that a new branch is to be opened at 72 Jefferson Ave.. Detroit. under management of Willard K. Bush, who is well and favorably known thruout that section, having been connected with the Milwaukee branch for years. The company will carry a complete stock at Detroit branch, so that shipments can ordinarily be made direct from Detroit stock.

Brownie

Built on the Kodak plan - uses Kodak film cartridges and may be loaded and unloaded in broad daylight. No dark-room for any part of the work. A perfectly practical little camera for snapshots or time exposures.

The 1908 Kodak Catalogue

THE 1908 KODAK CATALOGUE fully describes and illustrates our six styles of Brownies and fifteen styles of Kodaks, ranging in price from Si .00 to over $100.00, and fully explains the daylight development methods which have done away with the dark-room. Freeat any Kodak dealers or by mail.

Cement Posts

Why buy wooden posts that continually require repairing and replacing when you can make CEMENT POSTS that will last for ages, during your spare time FOR LESS MONEY?

OUR shaking method is recognized to be the most practical and successful n ay of making perfect cement posts for fences and vineyards. Whether you intend to use only a few posts, or fence an entire section, it will pay yon to write a postal for onr handsome FREE book '*reroent Poets and How to Make Them."

It is beautifully illustrated and explains all about making cement posts, the methods of reinforcing and how to mix the concrete, ways of attaching the fences und gates, and how to brace them. It shown clearly how the D. & A. Outfit overcomes all the disadvantages of Other methods and tells you how you can make perfect cement posts for less than 15 cents apiece.

It demonstrates clearly why we have the most rapid method for filling and emptying molds and placing reinforcements, also the quickest and most perfect way of compacting the concrete. How the Blow tamping process is entirely eliminated and why no pallets or planks are required.

It explains why a D. & A. Ontflt, leavine our factory to go to you, carries with it years of practical experience and is an assurance of your success.

This book will open yonr eyes and prove how easy it is to save more than the cost of a complete outfit if you only make a mile of fence. Send today and get one and see for yourself; your name and address - that's all. The book is free.

With the exception of one sow which we traded for, I believe our Sows are as fat as when they farrowed their pigs, and the question arises, does it pay to feed so heavy with high-priced feed? I am not going to answer it either pro or con, but somehow we have gotten into the habit of feeding our sows all we can get them to eat while they are suckling their pigs in the spring and it seems hard to do otherwise, even if there is not so much profit in it. I have never lost anything by heavy feeding and I am not going to get scared because feed is high. I have fed corn to hogs at a profit when I could have sold it on the market for 90 cents. It is true there was very little profit in it at that price, but it enabled me to get $1 out of my new corn when I could not have sold it for over 40 cents a bushel.

Just now hogs should be bringing better prices than they do, when we take into consideration the price of feed and the number going into the market. Yet they are a fair price now and the feeder who understands his business can make a little money now feeding hogs on grass. We are feeding 140 that we will turn off as fest as they sows, but we try to breed ours before weaning. We sometimes fail with young sows, but seldom fail with old ones. This year we had 20 did sows that farrowed their pigs between the 10th and 18th of March. On the 18th of April we bred the first one and on the 5th of May we bred the last one. They will all farrow their pigs in August unless they run over. All but two of them were bred in April, so you may know that they were well fed and cared for or we could not have accomplished such a feat. My neighbor, a young man who has been patterning after my way of feeding.has done fully as well as I have, if not a little better. His pigs came a little later than mine and he bred all of his sows in April without weaning the pigs or even partly weaning' them. By this I mean that we had to shut the pigs away from the sows a part of the time until after they are bred, and then let them run with the sows all of the time until they wean themselves.

The 7 sows with the younger pigs have all of the corn and slop they will eat and are in fine shape, and I know of no reason why they should not be bred within the next 10 days without weaning or even partly weaning the pigs. There is a small pen near-by where the little pigs are fed away from the sows and given all of the corn and slop they want at any time. We try to have feed in there at all times so that the little pigs can have access to it.

get up to 165 pounds apiece; 35 have already gone at this writing (May 6) and we will hustle the balance along as fast as we can. Our object is to top the market and as fast as we can get them there we let them go. We never ship our own because it does not pay us to do so. We can make more to keep selling out the tops to local shippers. Then in a very short time we have more tops, and we sell them, and so on until they are all gone.

Some of the smaller ones will not be turned off until September or the first of October. These are not being fed so heavily; just enough to keep them growing nicely. Altho I do not know just what they are doing, I believe they are putting on 20 pounds of live pork for every bushel of corn they consume. In making these calculations I do not take into account the clover they eat. The spring pigs are doing equally well for they are now nearly two months old and seem to enjoy the juicy young clover as well as their mothers do, except when the wind blows cold, when they are inclined to lay around the buildings.

There are 12 acres in the clover field near the hog buildings, where the 20 sows and their pigs run. Besides these we have about '0 shotes. so that they have an abundance of pasture, but we will soon turn in 7 more that did not have pigs until the last of March. These we will not dare to turn in with the 20 sows that had pigs between the 10th and 18th of March, for several days, for fear the older pigs will get to robbing the younger ones; besides, we are feeding the 7 much heavier than we are the 20. The 7 get all of the corn and slop they will eat, while the 20 get nothi g but corn and clover. The 7 are turned out to grass every day and are all running together, because their pigs are about of the same age - six weeks old. One reason we are feeding them so heavily is because we want to breed them as soon as we can. without weaning their pigs.

They seem to enjoy eating the corn better than the slop, and they usually eat the corn up first. When they were very small we gave them a little wheat but in a week's time they were ready for the corn. After little pigs get to be old enough to crack corn there is no danger of their eating too much, if they can have access to slop and grass. - Walter S. Tomlinson, Defiance Co., O.

W. E. W., Dunkirk, O., reports case of lamb three weeks old found running around in a circle in the pasture with head drawn back, apparently blind and in intense pain. Tho I have not before known of it in so young an animal, this is the behavior of a sheep with what has been variously called gid, staggers and turnsick. the cause and nature of which is not, however, understood, further than it is a nervous derangement. Slight inflammation of the spinal cord is the only disorder showing upon post-mortem. This is what is so often misjudged as grub in the head. Whenever a grub is found in a sheep thus affected, and the vast majority of mature sheep harbor grubs, this is at once assigned as the cause. But having myself lost lambs never oxposed to the gadfly and mature sheep that did not harbor any grubs. I have dismissed that as the cause.

E. A. G., Fredertcktown, O.. reports nodular disease and asks for cause and cure. It is easy to assign tho cause in this instance, not easy to prescribe a cure but possible to provide a preventive. The cause is an intestinal worm, the young of which barrows into tho walls of the intestine and there spends one cycle of its development. It can not lip removed, nor can tho n i 1- ule it produces be removed. The treatment for a flock is to destroy the mature worms, or better .'till, to prevent their development by the regular administration of some vermifuge. 1 amhs that are now following their mothers upon the pastures should have a worm medicine every week, or better still.

every day. I used to think that the venders of worm medicines recommended feeding them as preventives from the time the flocks went to the pastures, for the purpose of making a larger sale of their goods. I now know that they are all worth vastly more as preventives than as cures. It is far easier to kill the worms in the immature stage in which they are when taken into the stomach with the grass eaten, than after they have matured. Moreover, a flock once infested to the point where some have died is almost past treatment.

There are many things that may be advantageously used: Copperas, calomel, anise seed, asafoetida, tar and turpentine, singly or in any sort of combinations. In recommending tobacco I had not thought I had made a discovery of the only thing of value. My thought was to get something easily obtainable and easily administered. If a man has to pay ten cents a pound for medicated salt, or a mixture of drugs, he is not apt to feed it until he sees the sheep are sick. I have now learned that not every individual in the flock will eat enough of the tobacco, when it is placed before 'the flock, to prove effective. So I shall not be surprised if reports come in of failures with it ^id unqualified rejection of it as a remedy. Some dainty eaters will refuse it and die from the "parasites. That fact, however, will not prove that tobacco has not value as a worm destroyer. It means only that some individuals will not voluntarily eat enough of it. They may, however, be induced to do so by mixing it with grain feed, or in the summer while no grain is being fed, treat a few of the flock by hand.

A subscriber reports what is presumably lamb cholera, so called for the want of a more accurate name. The wool ball theory, I heard many years ago, but the observation that Jambs died when no wool balls were to be found, with apparently the same symptoms, shook my faith in that theory. Another theory that I have seen in print frequently was that it was curdling of the milk in the stomach. But the fact that that is a perfectly normal stage of digestion takes the glory out of that discovery. The soda treatment recently recommended by Mr. Keckley, I had faith in for just one season, about twenty years ago. After losing forty lambs one season we began feeding soda. We lost very few thereafter and thought we had found the remedy. The next year a neighbor's lambs began dying and we recommended soda. His lambs died at an increased rate. He quit feeding it and they quit dying. Later observations of this same character led me to the conclusion that soda had no effect one way or the other. I am not" convinced yet that any one knows the real nature of the disease, and altho it is serious some times. I do not think that any one should abandon the sheep business on account of it. I have never known it to be serious in any one flock for over three years, and usually only one. I have not lost one percent of lambs from this cause in the past ten years.

Feeding sulfur to remove ticks seems a very simple and economical method. My only objection to it is that it would never work for me. Perhaps it was because my ticks were not orthodox and had no fear of brimstone. - H. P. Miller.

Green Forage For Hogs

An especially timely bulletin has just been issued from the Missouri Experiment Station by Dean tL J. Waters, giving the results of some experiments to determine the value of different forage crops for hogs. Thirty-six pigs weighing about 50 lb. each were fed in lots on different forage crops in connection with corn until they were ready for market, accurate account being kept of the cost of gains made In cheapness of gains tho feeds uso.l ranked as follows: Corn ^nd Bklm-mllk, cheapest; corn and alfalfa, second; corn and red cloveT. third: corn and bluegrass. fourth: corn and rape, fifth; corn and ship stuff, sixth.

A saving of about "*> cents a hundred in the cost of gain w effected by using green clover instead of fresh bluegrass. A saving of $1 a hundred was effected bv using alfalfa instead of bluegrass. When ft is realized that alfalfa comes on early and when properlv clinp^l stays ereen all summer and until the very hard freezes of earlv

A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for Curb, Splint. Sweeny, Capped Hock, Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone and other bony tumors. Cures ail skin diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. Rcmovei all Bunches from Korsea or Cattle.

T.viry bottle of Caustic Balsam cold Is Warranted to trlve satisfaction. Price SI. 50 per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by express, charpos paid, with fult directions for its use. RTSend for descriptive circulars, testimonials, etc. Address

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Cures mange, scab, etc., ard makes thrifty live stock and poultry where regularly used. Best of all coal-tar creosolic dips, because made iur fifteen years by expert chemists in scientific laboratories; tested in making, proved by use, and guaranteed standard in every gallon.

Recommended as u dip for all Hvc stock and general disinfectant by the agricultural experiment stations of various States and permitted by the U. S. (jovernment for the oificial dipping of sheep for scab.

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Prices: t gal. (which makes 100 gallons of dip and disinfectant' $1.50; S gal. JO. 75; 10 gal. $12.50. Quotations on quantity furnished promptly. Send us your order direct and give us natne of your dealer.

"Making Stock Healthy and Keeping Them So" is a scientific, but practical work on the methods of prevention and cure of all geim diseases in every kind of farm stock, poultry, etc. Sent free on request.

Pan yon afford to neglect horses that are coughing, and let the disease terminate in broicon wind or heaves, when lieoelfl only SK'c a day tot rent a liorse properly for either cough or heaves.

None Better. Gallons. $1.25. 5 cal. Cans. $5.0 Special prices in barrel lots. I'sc MAAS' MOt' BEMEDV, standard of America for 20 years. 2" lb. Cans, $*.75. 12'» lb. Cans. $o.:S. Send fot-frec "HOGOLOGY." expert treatise on swine-raising. Free goods to cover transportation charges.

winter, its importance as a hog pasture I is apparent. Clover yields more forage per acre than bluegrass and as l shown by these experiments has a much higher feeding value. It is of I the utmost importance therefore to pro- ' vide this sort of pasture for hogs rather than to 'require them to run on a I bluegrass pasture or even worse than bluegrass, a timothy pasture, or even far worse than this, to confine them in a dry lot in the summer time.

This bulletin recommends a succession of crops for profitable hog pasture. The bulletin is for free distribu- - tion, and may be had by addressing ' the Experiment Station at Columbia, [ Mo.

Appointments From O. S. University

Twt> appointments have recently been made of 1908 graduates of the College of Agriculture of the Ohio State University. Mr. J. O. Williams has already become assistant in animal husbandry of this department in the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture. Mr. Williams was one of the 1906 Ohio State live stock judging team at the International. He has specialized in live stock work; is a student of exceptional ability and in the government service will be identified with investigations of our horse interests.