Farmer Township (part 12 of 25)

Mr. O. S. Woodward is a young negro who was educated in the public schools of Ashtabula County, Ohio, and graduates in June at the University. He has been appointed to take charge of the beef cattle at Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. M'r. Woodward will there have a herd of 150 cattle under his care, with one assistant and six student helpers. T.he school does its own slaughtering, preparing fertilizers, etc., which he will also have charge of. Mr. Woodward has worked his way thru college, has maintained an excellent scholarship and is universally respected by his college associates for his Sterling worth. - C. S. Plumb.

Taking Care Of Ewes

TAKING CARE OF EWES, i Most of the infections among sheep I are in the ewes. This is caused by the | doflble tax on their systems in producj ing wool and lambs. They, being more ] nervous than the wethers, are suscep- ' tible to influences. There are two peri- I ods when the tax upon the strength of \ the ewes is very great, namely, when 1 the heavy coat of wool is forming and if when they are carrying their lambs, i From the time sheep are clipped till J cold weather demands a heavy coat of wool for winter protection, the ewes get along fairly well, but when the heavy coat is forming then the ewe draws on her blood, muscle and bone to produce it. In short, they starve the whole system to produce the necessary i1 fleeces.

! Secondly, when the ewes are carry- ' ing their lambs there is a severe drainj age on their system. This is the peri- I od when their nerves are wrought up | to the highest pitch, circulation is im- ! paired, and indigestion is more or less t in evidence. These two periods are the ! times when the ewes should have extra \ feed and care. They must be looked af- : ter in time or the drainage upon the I system win sc weaken them that disr eases will take advantage and affect them. I am thoroly of the opinion , that sheep need more care than any other stock on the farm. I read a great [| many articles on taking care of the i ewes at lambing time. If they are well i cared for at the time of heavy fleece- ! producing and carrying of lambs, there | will not be need of so much care at ' lambing time. - E. D. Hanna, Tucker i Co., W. Va.

Sheep Ticks

- only give our own experience. We have , lived nearly the time allotted man and i have been more or less in the sheep i and wool business since we were first ]f able to follow after sheep. My father I was recognized as one of the fine- wooled-sheep breeders of the county as far back as 1852. Our sheep had ticks until in the seventies when »ve became connected with the Sheep Breeders' and Wool Growers' Society of the county. At these meetings all the known diseases that sheep were heir to were discussed and remedies prescribed. Ticks at that time were our greatest foe, so we concluded to try the sulfur cure in connection with other ingredients recommended for other diseases, thinking that we would "catch 'em comin' or agoin'."

We compounded sulfur, air-slacked lime, copperas, salt and wood ashes, and placed the mixture in small boxes thru our sheep barns so that the sheep had free access to it during the entire winter. To our surprise at clipping time not a tick was to be seen. Again, in 1891, we leased our farm and formed a co-partnership, each furnishing onehalf the sheep. On our return to the farm in 1893 we again found our sheep infested with ticks. We used the same ingredients as above and in less than a year not a tick was to be seen, and we would not be afraid to offer a premium for one found on our sheep today. Now if those ingredients did not eradicate the pest, what did? Will those who have no faith in home-made prescriptions inform us? - R., Harrison Co., O.

Sheep Experience

I bought 64 head of sheep to start with, at $5, $10 and up to $17 per head. I was new in the business but took good care of them thru the past winter; only lost one ewe. Fed on cornfodder and a little corn; kept them out of storm, and every pleasant day turned them out into a 17-acre bluegrass field, close to barn. The lambs came about April 2. Some of them, especially twins, were feeble; 12 were dropped by $10 ewes, and they were so weak it made me sic. of the business. One died. I would have sold out at half cost, I turned them all On the barn floor, and expected to bury every one of them. But the next morning they were all right, jumping and playing. Young farmer, don't get the blues, as I did. Provide a couple of good cows and a little whiskey for the lambs when they first come. Stay with your sheep. - S. McElroy, Union Co., O.

Instead of providing cows and whiskey, feed your ewes, all winter, on good, balanced rations. Corn fodder .and a little corn won't do. Breeding ewes with lamb need 1 lb. protein to about 5% lb. carbohydrates (nutritive ratio 1 to 5.56, Wolff-Lehman standard). Corn stover, field1 cured, has a wide ratio - 1 to 17.4, and corn itself, a ratio of 1 to 10.8. They should have had clover hay with the fodder, and half a pound of oats and bran (equal parts, mixed), and a tablespoonful of oil meal once a day. Breeding ewes should not be fed much corn; oats, bran and corn, equal parts, with the oil meal, arid clover hay and corn fodder, would be all right. When the lambs come they will be strong, and the ewes will have plenty of milk for them.

Shropshire Prizes. - The American Shropshire Registry Association announces special prizes to be given for prizewinning Shropshire sheep at the ,908 fairs as follows: International Live Stock Exposition. $551; Toronto Industrial Exposition. $1(10; Ontario Provincial Winter Fail-. $100; Iowa State Fair. $100; Washington State Fair. $50; Ohio. Nebraska. Noi th Dakota, Illinois. Minnesota. Vermont, Oregon and Michigan State Fairs. $25 each; Indiana, New York and Wisconsin State Fairs and Denver Fat Stock Show. $50 each. Total, $1,401. Over a hundred dollars are further offered by individuals of the association in special prizes. For full particulars, address Mortimer Levering, Sec, Lafayette, Ind.

Tour Chance To Bl'Y Good

The attention of cattle men Is called to the sale of breeding Angus and Shorthorn cattle to be held by the Highland Co. Breeders' Asso'n, at the farm of H. M. Brown, Hillsboro. O.. June 3. 1908. The consignment to be offered contains some of the best individual ani-nals of both breeds - pure Scotch Shorthorns of the very highest type and Angus from some of America's most famous herds. Cows will be offered in calf to some of the best breeding bulls of Scotland, while there will be some grand heifers and young bulls fit to head any herd. This great sale will be a most excellent opportunity to strengthen a show herd with young animals of the rarest breeding. The sale will be held in the fine sale pavilion on the farm. This building is roomy and will afford ample shelter for a large attendance. See advertisement elsewhere in this issue.

Booklet

The makers of Amatite Roofing have gone into the matter more deeply. Their Booklet, entitled "Amatite," is a very handsome and interesting piece of printing.

The Ready Roofing proposition is explained at length, and the whole history, of these roofings is given in detail, showing the steady progress that has been made. As this Company is the oldest and largest conce n in the field, the history is accurate. This Company has been in the roofing business for over half a century.

Many of the improvements in ready 'roofings made from time to time, have been its inventions, and the latest improvement, and in many respects the most important, is Offered to the public in Amatite Roofing.

This material, as explained in the Booklet, has a surface of real mineral matter - Amatite - to take the brunt of the weather. It does not need painting. The kind

Roof. Amatite Roofing, once laid, requires no attention whatever. Its mineral surface does not require painting any more than a stone wall does.

Water does not affect it in any way. An unbroken lining of pitch furnishes complete and permanent protection, which can only leak by being actually punctured, and such a lining sheet is just what Amatite provides.

It is impossible to give the explanation in detail here, but if you will send for the Booklet, which is free, you will find the arguments in full.

A postal card addressed to the nearest office of the Company will bring the Booklet and the Sample to you by mail. Every progressive farmer should have it.

r * SI made in the good, ol<l-faah toned way, H&V takes longer, but lasta louger. A -grade otilt tanned leather used in every strap 8 'Id direct to the conpuiner at manu factorers prices. Why pay more? Thirty three yeara selling direct to the oner W e pay the fretcht. Catalog free SCHAFER SADDLERY CO, Boi W4 Decatur, Ind.

The Humane Horse Shoe Co

The Humane Cushion Heel Shoe prevents and assists lameness. We guarantee the product to eive satisfaction. Ask your horse shoer for same, a* we do business direct with the horse shoers.Theshoes are manufactured for both winter and summer use.

will reduce inflamed, swollen Joints* Bruises, Soft Bunches, Cure Roils, Fistula, or any unhealthy sore quickly; pleasant to use; docs not blister uuder bandage or remove the hair, and you can work the horse. $2.00 per bottle, express prepaid. Rook 7-C tree.

ARSORBINE, JR., for mankind, Ifl.cn per bottle, cures Varicose ^Veins, Varicocelo Hydrocele, llns. Rrnises. smr>a ]>:ijn ai)(j Inflammation. \ V0UNS. P D F.. 60 Monmouth St.. Springfield. Mass

Oldest Ami-ric n Hip. Cheapest, 1 most effective, strongest obtainable. 1 gal. ciin »1.00. 52 gal. l.arrel S«0. Cutalog Stockmen's Supplies Free. F. S. BURCH & CO.. 137 Illinois Street. CHICAGO.

ills Prairie Doer*. Woodc hue kst Gophers nd drain Jn«ectf». 'The wheels of the gods erind slow but exceed iuely small." So the weevil, but 70a can

Household Remedies, etc., to farmers Exclusive territory in Ohio. Send for pnrtienlara ami application and connties available. Tonic Stock Jr'ood Co . Elifiu. Illinois.

A Successful Creamer Ym An

There is an old saying that "nothing succeeds like success" - whatever that may mean. The gist of it is that nothing will make a man succeed as will his own energy, judgment and power to make things go. We all admire success and we would much prefer to hear of successes than of failures. It's more encouraging. It is all right .to know the causes of failures, so that we may avoid such causes if we come across them in our own experience, but if one can choose.nine out of ten average men will always listen to the experience of one who has succeeded, for in learning the principles of success he always learns how to avoid failures, given the same conditions.

Not long ago I had the great pleasure of visiting an old college friend, who is a successful man. Those who nave been attending l e Ohio State Dairymen's Association meetings for the past several years will remember Ben M. Rutan t>f Marysville. He is an enthusiastic member of the state association and is a wide-awake creameryman. In the accompanying picture show a view of the creamery which lie has been operating for the past eight years or over. This creamery is

His creamery outfit is quite complete, and it is conveniently arranged for the most economical and sanitary handling of the product. He believes in strict cleanliness, and to facilitate this important feature has all floors of good smooth concrete and has a large concrete landing or driveway for the wagons to approach the entrances and receiving platform. The boiler is large and furnishes plenty oi steam so that all utensils may be thoroly steamed and cleansed.

The skim-milk that is etained at the creamery is elevated onto the second floor where it is deposited in a large tank, holding several barrels. Then a small amount of sulfuric acid is mixed into it and the curd is precipitated, after which the whey is drawn off. The curd is then pressed dry, or nearly so, and run thru a machine that tears it apart and screens it thru a perforated cylinder. After this it is dried in an improvised nven and sold to manufacturers of paper. It is used to surface or "size" the highly-finished paper used by magazine and book makers.

Mr. Rutan has taken a number of prizes on his butter. He was especially successful at the Pan-American Exposition. In the first contest at that great slvow his butter was second, with a score of 96.75, which was the highest score for Ohio. In the second contest he again received the highest score from Ohio, scoring 96. In the third contest he got a score of 95.25. He sells

Ben M. Eutan'S Creamery

Mr. Rutan spent his boyhood days on a farm near Mechanicsburg, O. At the age of twenty-one he decided to take the two-year course in agriculture at the Ohio State University. He went of his own accord, paid his own way and got out of the course all that it was possible for him to get. On finishing the course at the University he took the position of head dairyman of the Lake Home Herd of Jerseys in Knox County. About a year later a private creamery was built by the owner of this herd and Mr. Rutan was buttermaker and dairyman for about two years. He then gave up his work at that place and started the creamery at Marysville for himself. That was in December, 1899. This venture has been a great success from the start. The creamery had been constructed by a creamery supply company of Chicago, upon the co-operative plan, but as is the fate of many such concerns the men who were in control were inexperienced and could not make it a success. So it was closed for about four years before Mr. Rutan took it over.

In this venture the owner of the Marysville creamery has succeeded better than he ever expected he would. They have received over 1.400 pounds of milk daily for several years during the flush of the season, and the patrons of the creamery seem to be unusually well pleased with the treatment they are receiving. That they are satisfied is shown by the fact that there is an immense condensing factory now under construction at Marysville, but Mr. Rutan's patrons say they will stay by him so long as he runs the creamery. He buys on the butter fat basis, weighing back 75 percent of the skim-milk, which the patrons value very highly for feeding purposes. He says that it is hard to find any who will sell it at 30 to 40 cents per huudrtd.

Since going to Marysville he has purchased three farms, containing a total of 332 acres. He is president of the Marysville Clay Manufacturing Co.,and is vice president of a large hardware and furniture concern in that place. He says that he gives the training and general fund of knowledge obtained while he was a student at the university a large percentage of the credit for his success. He went thru college w ith his eyes open and actually profited by the many opportunities that are offered to every young man who desires to make use of them. We take pleasure in pointing to him as a successful man who has laid a good foundation for a large success.and at the same time who has helped others by promoting an industry by which others profited also. Good luck to all such. They will succeed, for they have the elements of success in their make-ups. - J. F. C.

Sunflowers For Ensilage

Replying to inquiries as to methods of culture and handling the crop of corn and sunflowers grown fur ensilage, I have taken pains to secure the following information from some of our leading farmers growing this combination crop, and their estimate of its value from actual experience. In the fall and winter of 19024, Mr. Frank A. Converse of Erie Co.. N. Y.. then a member of New York State farmer's institute force of lecturers, In the series of institutes held in this section, in his talks on dairy feeds and feedine. recommended the planting of sunflower seed with corn for the silo with a view to increasing both the yield and the value of the ensilage. The sunflower:; being, as he argued, much richer in protein than the corn alune. From personal experience with ensilage from corn and sunflowers thus grown together, he was convinced that it made

No separator factory in the world is so big as the one where the Tubular is made; there are no employes more skillful than those who build the Tubular; nowhere are there so many people making separators.

in every three minutes, is turned out from our West Chester factory alone. We own another complete factory at Harburg, Germany, from which we supply the European trade. Another factory at Toronto, makes the machines for Canadian dairymen. Bigness alone don't make the finest separator in the world, but the finest separator in the world made the bigness and number of factories, and made it necessary to have the vast number of workmen. If you haven't one of the world's best separators you are losing dairy money.

To Farm And Save You 50 Per Cent

I have been told there are a lot of farmers who would own a cream separator If they could pet a strictly hi^h-^rade machine at a fair price.

I am Offering every fanner just that sort of machine In my New Improved Galloway at a price that will fit any pocket hook, and will take all the rli-k of my separator pleasing.

Then to the first farmer 1 n any section who buys my separator I am going to make the j^r^^v greatest proposition ever made by any manufacturer on a cream separator. jtBiji,' - ";;iMfcm ^-^^ S

Write me today for my new catalog and special Proposition before youf ± ' think of buying any other make of separator. V.«sa; .:- saireA - y>

My Special Proposition Is something new. Don't fall to write me for It at once. The offer Is good only for the first party in any locality buying one of my separators.

I guarantee the Galloway Is just the machine you want on your farm. That Is exactly what I do when I offer to let you try it 30 days on my free trial plan.

It 1s a machine with every modern feature In the line of cream separator construction. Low supply can. Enclosed gearing, dust-proof and perfectly safe. Sanitary. Easy running. Easy cleaned. Close skimming, right down to the last drop. Built stronger than really necessary to last - out of the best materials money can buy. A beauty In design. Perfect in arrangement. Simple in construction. Adjustableat every point. In fact. It Is the only modern in every feature separator made today. and is sold direct to yon under mg-p the strongest kind of a guarantee at prices yon are willing

Write me today form v catalog, telling > u alt about It. I will send my Special Proposition to you lu the same mail. Try the Calloway today.

Mail Me One Cent

If any other but Sweet -Orr's, you are losing both money anil comfort. Sweet-Orr overalls cost $1.00 per pair, but they will last longer than several pairs of the cheap kind. If you like overalls with the double loop on the bib, we have them.

an excellent feed and believed it possible for our Delaware County farmers to effect a considerable saving in their feed bills by adapting this practice.

Quite a number of our dairymen did give the plan a trial the following year, ' some of them being highly pleased with the results; so well pleased, in fact, that they have continued the practice since that time. Others discarded it after one or two seasons' trial, on account of the added labor of harvesting and handling the crop. I have talked with many different farmers who have thus grown the crop, and they almost universally agree that the quality of such ensilage is first-class, and readily eaten by their stock. The extra work in handling is the only real objection brought against Its continued use by those who have given up the sunflowers. But while all who have grown the combined crop are ready to concede that the sunflowers, when fully grown, are heavy and cumbersome to handle, those who are disposed to continue their use agree that a full corn crop, too, is heavy to handle, and they consider the value of the combined crop as sufficiently enhanced to compensate for all the extra labor required to secure it.

Among our leading Delaware County farmers, who gave this plan a trial in the summer of 1903, was Mr. Chas. Potter, for several years president of the Delaware County Dairymen's Association, and later a well-known Guernsey breeder. About foirr acres of corn and sunflowers were grown by Mr. Potter on his farm that summer (1903), a season which, as may be remembered by many, was one of the most unfavorable in many years for the growth and development of the corn crop thruout the whole of New York State. This was particularly so in Delaware Co., hardly a field of wellmatured corn being grown that yeai". Yet their combined crop of corn and sunflowers was up to a full average ensilage crop in yield, giving at the rate of fifteen tons per acre and estimated as being fully equal at least to that of ensilage from well matured corn. He has been so well pleased with the practical results of his experience with this ensilage as a dairy feed that he has continued its use from year to year, believing that he secures from it a feed rich in protein and saving quite largely in the amount of grain purchased for his dairy.

Mr. Andrew Nicoll, president of Delaware County Agricultural Society and a well-known farmer and milk producer, is another of our farmers who, after several years' trial, continues to annually grow good crops of corn and sunflowers, as he believes with good profit for storing in the silo. In a good corn season, the corn securing an early and rapid start, he finds it keeps well ahead of the sunflowers, so that its growth is not seriously retarded thereby, while in a season that is less favorable to corn growth, the sunflowers come on later in the season and help largely in bringing the full crop up to a much better average, taking a series of years in succession, than would otherwise be secured. The following are the methods used:

The preparation of the soil and cultivation of the combined crop is exactly the same as for a corn crop grown separately. For while the sunflower plant is a rank feeder, this is true also of the corn plant as well, and the yield of either is, in a favorable season, and with proper cultivation, largely proportionate to the fertility of the soil on which it is grown. Plant the corn in drills with a corn planter that drops one kernel of seed about every six inches in the row. Try to have as nearly as possible a plant of corn to every foot of space in rows. With the corn required to plant an acre, mix in the planter about 1 to 1% quarts of sunflower seed of the Russian Mammoth variety. It will be found necessary to use care in occasionally stirring up the seed in the hopper while planting to secure a uniform mixture over the hole field, as the sunflower seed, being smaller than the corn, has a tendency to settle to the bottom.

The Russian Mammoth sunflower seems to give best results for this purpose, and when not raised at home, can be obtained from any good, reliable seed house. Harvest when the corn is beginning to glaze, at which stage the seeds in sunflowers are fully developed, and before the stalks begin to get hollow. The sunflower stalks, when cut, are frequently as large as 2% inches in diameter, being as large as a good sized handspike, and the outside of stalk is quite hard when cut, they usually soften up in the silo so as to be readily and cleanly eaten up. It is very seldom that a particle of sunflower stalk is left in the manger, tho this is not an uncommon occurrence with the butts of the larger stalks of corn. The crop can be cut with a corn harvester. When fed thru the ensilage cutter, using a lG-inch cutter, heads first, thesunflowers feed thru much better than when fed butts ahead.

Mr. Nitholls says: "My grain ration is of gluten and cotton seed, with some brand of molasses feed or wheat feed, and when the corn and sunflower ensilage is well matured, I find some saving in amount of cotton seed and gluten required. I have now grown this combined crop for six consecutive seasons and as good an argument as I can give in its favor is that I shall continue to do so." - E. J. Brownell, Delaware Co., N. Y.

Cream Separators

Can I get any more cream from the same amount of milk by using a separator than by the can process? Will the same amount of cream obtained by the can process make as much butter as that obtained by the hand separator? W. L. M., Tullahoma, Tenn. - There is no question but that the cream separator skims more closely than is possible with any method of hand or can skimming. A good separator gets all of the cream, clown to tn^ smallest fraction of one percent, and this is imp:)';- sible with any other method Of skimming. The amount of butter made from a given amount of cream of course depends upon the density or amount of butter fat in the cream. A forty-percent cream will naturally produce more butter than a thirty-percent cream whether obtained by separator or hand skimming. The cream separator, however, can be set to skim a uniform cream which will produce a uniform amount of butter, which can not be done by other methods of skimming. Where one is milking more than four or five cows, we certainly believe that a good separator will pay. We would suggest that you write to manufacturers of standard separators for catalogs and circulars and make a careful investigation of machines before buying. Several such catalogs have been advertised in this paper, which give a great deal of interesting information on the subject.

Write to The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Columbus. O.. for their new 1908 192-page Vehicle and Harness Catalog. You don't have to buy your buggy from them if you don't want to, and your sending for their catalog will not obligate you to buy their goods, but if you want to get posted, get this large catalog before you spend your money. It quotes the prices at which the buggies should be sold - that is. the rock-bottom, wholesale manufacturer's price to you. without any middleman's profit between - the prices that will save you from 33% to 50 percent. If you do not want to buy from this company after you have received their catalog, you can place your order anywhere you please and wherever, in your opinion, you will get the best value for your money, but be fair to yourself and post yourself fully on all prices before you buy. Address The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co.. H. C. Phelps, Pres., Station 33. Columbus. Ohio.

Champion Milk Cooler Aerator cools and aerates milk by straining and allowing it to flow in thin sheets over a cooling drum. Every drop is thus exposed to the air and chilled surface of cooling drum long enough to thoroly deodorize and cool it sufficiently to stop the growth of souring bacteria. Milk cooled and aerate 1 in the Champion Cooler Aerator will keen 24 to 48 hours longer than milk not so treated, is in perfect condition for market, commands better prices, and is sweeter flavored and far superior for making butter and cheese. Write Champion Milk Cooler Co., 18th St., Cortland. N. Y.. for a complete treatise on the care of milk.

Letart. W. Va.. April 21. 1908. The Lawrence-Williams Co.. Cleveland. O. Gentlemen: - I have used your Gombault's Caustic Balsam for the past three years. I have also used a great many other liniments in the treatment of horses, but for an all-round dependable liniment, your Caustic Balaam heads the list. For all kinds of cuts, soreness and inflammation of all kinds, it has no equal, and if a blister is needed, the Balsam brings the answer. One bottle of it will go farther than any other kind of liniment that I have ever used. Every rural carrier should keep it handy in time of need. - R L. Grimm, Rural Carrier No. 2.

Today over 98,* of the world's creameries use DE LAVAL separators. This fact means much to every cow owner. Without the separator creamery operation would be almost impossible. No matter whether the creamery is buying whole milk or cream its success rests upon the centrifugal cream separator. Those who are buying whole milk skim it at the factory with DE LAVAL Power machines - those who are buying cream advise their patrons to purchase DE LAVAL Hand mac hines. The biggest and most successful creamery company in the woTld is buying cream from nearly 50,000 patrons to whom it has sold or recommended DE LAVAL Hand machines, after many years of experience with all kinds of separators. Had the DE LAVAL not been the best and by far the most profitable separator for any one owning two or more cows, this great creamery would never have taken the responsibility of placing them with its patrons. And this is true in hundreds of other instances, for creameries can be found in every part of the world having from a few hundred to many thousand DE LAVAL patrons. Wouldn't it pay you to find out WHY experienced creamerymen prefer the DE LAVAL to other separators? You may learn the reason by asking for a DE LAVAL catalog, or better still, a DE LAVAL machine - to examine and try out at your own home free of all expense. Don't wait, but write us today.

JJBecause it has that solid, low frame ; most simple yet efficient bowl, holding World's Record for cleanest skimming ; so many conveniences; and the easiest running separator made.

It's packed with information about silos and silage. It tells how to raise silage crop* and what c rops arc best to raise for silage; how to make silage and how to feed it profitably. It tells how you can buy a good silo at a reasonable cost, now to set it up, and how to make money out of it after it is erected. It gives feeding rations for cattle and will show you how to make more money out of your farm with less labor than you do now. It tells ail about the

Frame Sdlo

"Mads in Saginaw" and why it is the silo to buy; why it won't warp, bulge out, rot or topple over. Why it lasts longer, stavs air-tight and keeps silage in perfect condition. Why its doors never bind and why it is stronger, better and more durable than others. Write to-day.

American Cream

Guaranteed to skim closer than any separator in ihe world. Sold direct (rom the factory. We are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of hand separators In America. You save all accnts'. dealers* and even mall order house profits. We have the most liberal 30 DAVS' TRIAL, freight prepaid oOer. Write ^for It today. Our new (a5»»low down, waist lu-h separator Is the finest, highest quality machine on close sklmrrUni:. ease of cleaning, easy running, simplicity, strength or quaniy. Our own (the manufaciurer"e Xruarantee protects you on every AMERICAN machine. We can ship Immediately. Write for our great offer and handsome e on our new waist high model. Address,

Orchard

Upon my farm I have growing today an exceedingly thrifty orchard, planted out twelve years ago this spring. It has never known what it is to have sodbound feet. The trees aTe ten inches thru with tops 30 feet in diameter all grown in 12 years from thrifty, twoyear-old nursery trees. I was very careful in plan-ting tt) select varieties that do best in this section and that would bring choice fruit for family use, as well as to buy from a reliable nursery, so that when the trees came into bearing they would produce true to name. They have done this, and we honor the nursery firm that gave us such a fair deal.

Thoro cultivation, strict attention to all details and properly forming the heads at little cost of labor, have been the main factors of success. Not all varieties grow of the same conformation, and no fixed method can be practiced in training their growth. If a variety or single tree is inclined to grow lop-sided, the heavy side is prunefl away and the light side induced to start more growth. Not a limb has ever been removed from any of these trees that was too large to be removed with the ordinary pruning shears. I have been careful from the start to remove at once all limbs that promised to criss-cross or interfere.

In planting, I inclined every tree quite heavily toward the southwest, the direction of our prevailing heavy winds, and hot afternoon sun. Fearing to overdo the matter I did not incline them so heavily as I ought, and those that were inclined the most and with the lightest tops are standing erect. The others have gradualy blown slanting towards the northeast and there is .some sun-scald on these. Hundreds of trees are lost annually in this region fiom sun-scald, especially where the trees were not heavily inclined toward the hot afternoon sun. I lost no trees from this cause as I bound cornstalk butts on the, trees. I did this for two summers and ought to have done it longer, as results show. A few specimens grew top faster than root system and heavy winds swept them, inclining quite too heavily towards the northeast. Such trees should have been drawn or pried back and staked until they were firmly rooted, keping the top pruned out so that the winds might not have so much force against them.

Canker has been kept quite free from the trees by thoroly washing the bodies with a wash made from lime, six parts and salt and sulfur each one part, applied every other year in April, with an old broom. A quart of this , liquid will go over a tree ten years planted and only cost a fraction of a cent per tree, and I am convinced that this application alone is worth many dollars every year in keeping away contagious and infections diseases and insects. Where proper care is thus used and the trees are kept thrifty, I am not troubled by insects as where the trees are neglected and unthrifty. Where trees are planted and kept in tough sod little moisture reaches the starved rootlets, and even heavy showers of rain can do the trees little good. Mulching and cultivation has been my system for the past twelve seasons, not deep cultivation, but just sufficient to keep the trees from becoming sodbound. I regard bluegrass as an enemy in the orchard, and so far have aimed to keep it from getting a foothold, and shall continue to do so, twelve years longer. In the past I have used much stable manure and ashes In mulching to induce a strong woodgrowth, but in the future, as I shall expect more fruiting and not so much wood growth. I shall employ mulches grown upon the open portions of the orchard, mown and strewn thickly about the bases of the trees in addition to free applications of nitrates at the proper time.

In the past I have left the mulching about the trees from July until late autumn when the small pigs, uniting, have been kept in the orchard where they would fine the mulch and in rooting about among it give the soil a th'MO but shallow cultivation. In this

As soon as these pigs '' ^ve "accomplished their work and picked up the waste apples from the ground they are turned out, away from the trees, to prevent rooting when the soil is wet and smeary.

The past two seasons the orchard land has been broken up and planted in truck garden stuff, with thoro cultivation and hand hoeing. This year in early April it was sown to alsike and timothy with a seeding of oats, which will later be cut and a portion of it spread as a mulch beneath the trees.

Spraying has been very beneficial, both with Bordeaux and arsenites.and this season I have made an application of the lime, sulfur and salt solution, equal parts, for the prevention of San Jose scale. I figure that application for prevention does no harm, and is much cheaper than the cure of this pest. - Geo. W. Brown, Hancock Co., O.

Irrigating Celery

Celery can be grown on a greater variety of soils than is generally supposed. Muck soils are acceded to be the best suited for this crop, especially where irrigation is not or can not be practiced, as they usually occur in low areas and contain sufficient moisture with the usual season's rainfall to mature the crop.

Personally, however, we prefer a rich mellow black loam, one in which there is a high percentage of organic matter, as celery grown on this soil is much firmer and better in quality and less liable to become hollow or pithy than that on pure muck soils. And while this crop can be successfully raised on heavier soils, their use is not to be recommended for growing it on a commercial scale, as the cost of keeping such soils in as thoro a state of cultivation as is necessary for celery to do well would be too great to make its cultivation profitable. But for home use celery can be grown on these soils and while the stalk will generally be small, the quality will be excellent and it will keep well when stored tor winter use.

On most of our land devoted to this crop the natural drainage is excessive, so that during the late spring and summer months the soil becomes too dry for celery to do well unless irrigated. For this purpose we are well supplied with water, having a stream which flows continuously thruout the year and by the use of concrete dams we are able to force the water to every portion of our celery lands.

The beginner should use great care in irrigating celery. Perhaps no other part of raising this crop requires more careful attention and it should be done by the owner himself or the most reliable of help. It is possible within a few hours practically to ruin a crop by getting it too wet or by getting the soil in such condition as to require weeks of careful cultivation to get the celery well started again. With the beginner it is better to use little water and use it often, than to try to irrigate thoroly and unconsciously get the soil too wet. Celery requires a large amount of water, but where there is an overabundance the growth of the plant is soon checked and unless the surplus water is quickly and thoroly removed the stems and leaves become yellow and it is impossible to get it back into a good growing condition in time to mature the plant fully during our short growing season.

Where practicable the ideal method of irrigation is by the use of tile.Here the tile serve a double purpose, carrying the water to the soil and removing the surplus water after irrigation is completed. For this purpose the lines of tile should be placed not more than three rtK s apart, better every two rods or less depending upon the capillary power of the soil. The tile should not be placed deeper than necessary to protect it from frost, but this of course will depend somewhat upon the character of the surface to be irriirn ted. The tile should have sufficient fall to remove quickly the surplus water after irigation is completed and also to aid in draining the soil during wet seasons.

be used. We prefer an open ditch and we think it better where it is possible by raising the water in it, to force the water back the full length of the tile. By this method after irrigation is finished and the supply ditch is emptied we are able to see what each string of tile is doing in the way of removing surplus water. - N. P. Neill, Erie Co.,0. (Concluded next week.)

Boy Kept Scratching Isxhes Ox Garden' Work, Varieties, Etc

Next to the old bed, is the new bed of strawberries, that will fruit next year. I am growing these by the hedgerow system. The rows are two and onehalf feet apart, and the plants were set about two feet apart in the row. Only one or two of the earliest runners on each plant is bedded, and the others are removed. A part of one row is allowed to set the strongest plants, which makes my propagating bed for next year. The varieties I set this year are Brandywine and Wm. Belt. The Wm. Belt is blighting badly and has needed spraying. The foliage of the Brandywine is affected but little by the blight. It is a very vigorous plant, but the quality is not quite so good as the Wm. Belt. Quality in fruit seems to be attended with a loss of hardiness.

Next to the strawberries are the Lima beans, beets, early bush and string beans, early beets, turnips, carrots, cauliflower and cabbages, and on the outside rows is the early sweet corn. I have the Early Seibert's Lima, King of the Garden Lima and Burpee's Dwarf Lima. One point in the growing of Limas is to save the earliest to ripen for seed. By doing this, the large late Limas can generally be grown in this climate, if planted as soon as the ground is warm, in the spring.

At the further end of the garden, as shown in the cut last week, and near the buildings, are several fruit trees, that bear choice fruit for family use; plums, cherries, early and late apples. A border around the north end of the garden, next to the buildings, and where they do not shade the garden, is made of Strawberry, Snow, Fall Pippin, Grimes' Golden, Swaar, Newtown Pippin, Jonathan, Rome Beauty and Northern Spy apples. These are the choicest varieties I can get for family use. On the east side is a border of 25 pear trees.

I would have the reader consider how much of our living we get on this, but little more than one-half acre of land. A friend living in the village who has no garden and who must buy everything, told me about the increased cost of living now. Everything costs so much, and all must be bought. In my own home we have but little other food to buy except flour and sugar. Our garden, cow and hens supply us in late summer and fall, with nearly all we need. With blackberries. Strawberry apples, potatoes, beets, sweet corn, Lima beans, tomatoes, celery, cabbages, cauliflowers, melons, lettuce and onions from the garden, with Jersey butter, cream and milk, eggs and poultry of our own production, we have a much better living, at little cost, except the work, which I am the better for doing, than our friend in the village can buy. I know of no better way to have the best of everything in its season, than to grow it in your own garden. To show how to plan the garden so as to grow all the good things easily and cheaply, is my purpose in writing these articles. - W. H. Jenkins. Delaware Co.. N. Y.

"When my little boy was six weeks old an eruption broke out on his face. I took him to a doctor, but his face kept on getting worse until it got so ba 1 that no one could look at him. His whole face was one crust and must have been very painful. He scratched day and night until his face was raw. Then I took him to all the best specialists in skin diseases but they could not do much for him. The eczema got on his arms and legs and we could not get a night's sleep in months. I got a set of Cuticura Remedies and he felt relieve 1 the first time I used them. I gave i Cuticura Remedies a good trial an 1 gradually the eczema healed all up. He is now seven years old and I think tho trouble will never return. Mrs. John G. Klumpp, 80 Niagara St., Newark, N. J., Oct. 17 and 22, 1907."

Nitrate Agencies Co

The fence of sense. Steel wlrm, stays and laterals all same size, Itiirirot wire used f >r f < a Never a slip or a break. Lonpe^t lived 'rnrenuik "Wholesale pri« es from favtorv. V o like little orders for they are hi* ad- ;rtihcrs. bend us one. Addret*

Money spent in spraying with Paris Green and Bordeaux is lost if it rains. Money spent in spraying with Bowker's "Disparene." ' Pyrox" or "Boxal" is insured, for there are the insect icidea that "never wash off." Address this paper or Bowker Insecticide Co., Boston.

Knocks.) -down, colled wire, and he*] stay Mnd. If you want to handle the one that has the best look ever designed w want you with us. When writing state what experience you have had and whit territory you win want

Troi-s oil Houndary Line. - How close to n houndary line may trees be set. and can the one who plants trees near the lioundary line be compelled to remove them? Does It make any difference If e\ ergreen trees nre used for a hedge? E. O. M. - There Is no law prohibiting the nearness to a boundary line which trees may have. I If the branches of trees project over onto ' the next man's land that man has a right to cut the branches off. as this projection of the branches Is a technical trespass. There would be no difference so far as evergreen trees are concerned. - H. L. S. ,

Cheap Lightning Rods

In putting up lightning rods the cost and the protection should be taken into consideration. The most expensive rod is no-t always the best. Electrical science does not sustain the impression that copper rods are best. In reply to a question about lightning rods, the Scientific American advises the use of heavy galvanized telegraph and telephone wire with good earth connections which would protect as well as it is possible to protect buildings from lightning.

The Electrical World and Engineer remarked that there are numerous instances on record of lightning discharges having been conveyed to ground from the tops Of telegraph poles thru the ordinary No. 8 iron wire provided for that purpose, without injury to the wire; and that iron wires for ordinary dwellings are sufficiently good.

Let me quote Professor Lodge: "It is not so much the quantity of electricity that has to be taken care of as the electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored between the earth and clouds in dangerous amounts and the object should be to dissipate it not as quickly but as quietly as possible. A sudden dissipation of energy is always violent."

To protect buildings for less than three cents a foot we have used two strands twisted together of heavy double galvanized telegraph and telephone wire, extra best No. 4. Run the wire down the edges of the roof to the ground, so as to have all edges provided with a wire. Then make good earth connections at all places where the comes to the ground, by putting wire in the ground ten feet, or to moist earth. The best way to make this hole is to use a three-fourths-inch iron rod, twelve feet long. Stove up one end to make it a little larger, and then sharpen it. Take a plate of iron « three inches square by one-half thick; drill a hole in the center that will just slip over the rod. Slip the plate onto tne rod, and drive the rod down ten feet. Put a lever under one edge of the square plate and draw the rod up a little; let the plate slide down, and repeat the operation until the rod can be lifted out by hand.

Connect all wires, that is wrap the wire around the connecting piece securely, making a perfect contact. This will give a proper circuit over the building. Put a point at each end and on all wings or projections. Place the points ten or fifteen feet apart. To make points, twist three strands No. 4 wire together, leave one piece six inches longer for the point, sharpen the point very sharp and paint with aluminum paint. Spread the bottom ends eight inches for feet to stand the point on. Make points three feet high.

This soft iron wire will not untwist very much. The points are held in place by nailing strips of galvanized sheet metal over the feet. Spread the feet so the point will stand firm on the roof. Do not use glass insulators, but nail the rod to the side of the building and edge of the roof with galvanized strips.

C. D. Smith of Michigan Agricultural College, states that for the rods on the barn at the Michigan Agricultural College, a half-inch, seven-strand, double-galvanized cable was used, costing about three cents a lineal foot. The points were made of half-iin h round iron rods three feet long. The upper ends of the points are sharpened, the taper being about three inches. Threads were cut at the lower 1 of the iron rod. The point is kept upright by screwing it into a galvanized tee, tapped at the proper angle, then flattening a piece of gaspij i to screw to the roof, drilling it for the screws and threading it to go into the tee. The connections were made with pieces of gaspipe tapped at each end fo'r threeeighth-inch set screws. Rods were run up one corner of the barn, then along the 'ridge, connecting it with all bodies of metal in the building and running the rod down the corner diagonally opposite to the one upon which it ascended. The points and gas pipe connections were painted with aluminum paint. - G. K. Kimmell, Defiance Co., O.

Crows rullinp: Corn. - A subscriber asks what can be used to prevent crows from pulling up corn. We have seen several remedies advised. Tarring the seed corn is said to prevent crows from eating it, but this would interfere with planting. Other coal-tar bi-products are also advised, as kerosene and gasoline, etc. We shall be glad to.hear from readers briefly on this matter.

Grinder and Wind Mill. - G. W. I... Richwood, O., asks for experiences of jlir readers who have run small grain grinders with a wind mill. He has a 10-foot wind wheel on a 40-foot tower, and wants to attach a grinder for farm u>e. We shall be glad to hear from readers who have had experience with such mills, and will publish illustration of attachments, etc., if rough sketch is furnished.

To Tan a Hide. - Please give me a receipt for tanning a ground hog hide. E. R. L., Malvern, O. - We suppose you mean for soft leather. Clean skin thoroly, and bury it in wet wood ashes or soft soap for two or three days until the hairs loosen. Remove the hairs, soak the skin and wash thoroly. Dissolve % lb. alum, and 1 lb. salt in 4 gal. soft water. Immerse skin in this for about twelve days, take it out and dry by working it.

Sheet Iron. - Will you please tell me thru your valuable paper what is meant by a 28-gauge galvanized iron roof? Does it mean that the roof shall be 1-28 of an inch in thickness? J. A. W.. Celina. O. - The thickness of iron roof is measured by a standard or gauge adopted by the government, or by some dealers' association, etc. It does not mean thickness in inches. The 28-gauge iron, according to the V. S. standard, is 1-64 of an inch thick.

Time to Cut Poles. - Can any one of the readers of the Ohio Farmer tell me at what time of the year to cut spruce pine for telephone poles? There must be a difference, for there are several logs lying in the woods that were there when I came on the farm 25 years ago that are apparently solid yet, while some cut only a few years ago are decayed. Any information will be much appreciated. Subscriber, Hammondsville, O. Such information will he published if sent to us. - The Editors.

Culture and Use of Brome Grass. - Part 5 of Bulletin 111 of the Bureau of Plant Industry contains brief discussions on methods of culture and the uses and value of brome grass, including notes on growing the species with other grasses and clovers, on the seed production, and on the use of this grass in crop rotations and the preparation of brome grass sod for succeeding crops. Address the above bureau of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington. D. C.

Harvesting and Storing Corn. - Farmers' Bulletin No. 313 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D. C discusses the different methods of harvesting corn, including the making of corn silage, cutting and shocking, husking from the standing stalks, and jerking and storing the unhusked ears. The use of the corn-picking machines and of huskers and shredders, and the storing of the stover and ears are also considered. It is free.

A Hot Water Heater for Brooder houses, small Greenhouses, Conservatories or other buildings that require an absolutely even temperature is the "Modern" Brooder Heater, which consists of a "Pierce Little Giant" Hot Water Heater with an Automatic Temperature Regulator, that will absolutely maintain an even temperature in the hovers. This regulator is made of cast, wrought and galvanized iron, and is entirely automatic. No thermostat or complicated mechanism to get out of order or fail in operation. The slightest change in temperature of the water as it leaves the heater opens or closes the dampers and immediately brings the circulating water to the desired temperature. By an arrangement on the arm of the regulator, it can be set to maintain any desired temperature. The heater will burn any kind of fuel and operates with most excellent results on pea or chestnut coal. Fuel costs only a few cents per day, and only four minutes each day are required for tending fire. Made in four sizes. Write for Book E to Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co.. Syracuse, N. Y.

Bickmore Gall Cure is of great value for curing saddle and harness' galls, sore shoulder, scratches, grease heel, wire cuts, and other sores and abrasions on horses and other animals. The animal may be kept at work while the cure is in process and oftentimes the cure is more rapid when the animal is working than it would be if he were left idle in the stall. The Bickmore Gall Cure Company issue an attractive Horse Book, which they send, together with a free sample of their gall t cure, on receipt of 10 cents to cover postage and packing. Address Bickmore Gall Cure Co.. Old Town, Maine, kindly mentioning this paper.

Every one admits the superiority of the coiled wire, stiff stay fence, and its only drawback has been the lock that binds the wire. The new Drummond lock is economical, strong and durable, very easily and quickly adjusted, and will never allow the wire to slip in either direction. Write Drummond Wire Fence Co., 461 E. 2d St.. Chillicothe. O.. for a free sample lock, and see for yourself.

Post up on gasoline engines before you buy. It will be too late to wake tip to weaknesses alter you have bought one of the worthless kind. You cannot afford to rely ou loud, unsupported claims. You cannot afford to be caught by offers of marvelously low prices. ^

You want au engine of service. The way '.o get it is to investigate. The time to investigate is now, before you buy. A Foos costs no more than any good engine does but has all others beat in service.

The Foos Book will show you wha there is no other engine in the Foos class - why it is better in principle - why it is simpler, safer, more certain - why it gives more satisfactory service. The old reliable Foos bas 21 years' experience in it. Many t! onsands are in use, all giving satisfaction. It is the only engine with the famous Wipe Spark Igr.:.;r which means certain starting nnd never a skip under any conditions. It is the engine of correct balancing, phoiphor bronze bearings, perfection governor, and a dozen points of superiority. Don't make the mistake of buying an engine whose chief recommendation is its ridiculously low price. Foos engines are sold as low as it is possible to sell a high-class engine. If you pay less it's a sure mark of inferiority. We are the largest exclusive gasoline engine manufacturer! in America. We have one or more Distributing houses in almost every state in the Union. Delivery made from nearest point. Write for Foos Book, No. 81 - today.

Bug Death

Don't take a substitute, there's nothing else so good. It contains no paris green, is not dangerous and does not burn plants or injure them in any way. Contains valuable plant food and prevents blight. For Potato, Squash, Cucumber and Melon Virves, Plants, Shrubbery, Bushes. Use as dry powder or make spray mixture. If your dealer does not have "Bug Death," send direct to us. Put up in 1, 3, 5 and 12H-lb. packages and in 100-lb. kegs. Our Dickey Bug Death Duster, the best method of applying Vowder, only 25c. Write for circular showing treat superiority of "Bug Death" over other insecticide in thorough test. Address absolutely Inst forever. Beinp solid rock\they are spark and flre-proof. Rednce your insurance rate. Affmd pure cistern water. Don't require frequent paint ine and routine like metal and composition roortne. Not affected by lient or cold. Suitable for all huilcHiiKS, new or old. Fiist cost - only a trifle more than short-lived looflncg. I-et us settle your roofing question /or all fff7l«.Dnn't upei «i more good money for poor rooflne. *l WRITE TO I'S .AT ONCR for onr, free book, "HOOFS." Jt icilt save you money. Give us the name of your local dealer.

Do you grow CORN, WHEAT, BARLEY. OATS, POTATOES, or any other FARM SEEDS ? We want to contract lor some of your crops this year and will pay good prices for delivery after harvest.

Write us at once what you are growing and wc will tell you what we can use and price we will pay as soon as harvested. Special inducements to a few reliable farmers. Address F. B. MlLdLS CO.. Seedsmen, Rose Hill, X. Y.

Have you written for the little hook on mending the old roof, published by The Anderson Mfg. Co.. Elyria. Ohio? It's a good money-saving little book to read. "Write them for it. Just say "Send me that free book on fixing roofs, advertised in the Ohio Farmer."

The Auto-Spray

It is guaranteed to be the most powerful, easily operated, economical hand sprayer made. With It a boy outworks three men with ordinary device. Used by U. S . Go«erninen t a nd State Experiment Stations. Flttod Rrttfc Auto* Pop Nazile itis equal to larje operations as well as small. Write ifyou want agency. Spraying Calendar Free.

We guarantee to stop sending paper when the time for which It is paid has expired, so that, to avoid missing any numbers, all should renew promptly.

A I ways send money by draft.postoffice money order, registered letter, or by express. We will not be responsible for money sent in letters. Address all communications to, and make all drafts, checks and postoffice orders payable to The LawrencePublishing Co.

No . I t inserted for less than $1.50 per insertion. Uf~No lottery, qnack doctor or swindling advertisements inserted at any price. , Entered as second-class matter at the Cleveland. Ohio, postoffice.

WE GUARANTEE to stop THE OHIO FARMER Immediately upon expiration of time subscribed for, and we will pay all expenses for defending any suit brought against any subscriber to The Ohio Farmer by the publisher of any farm paper which has been sent after the time ordered has expired, providing you return such papers to your postmaster unread, tell him to notify the publishers that you refuse to accept them, and you send us due notice before suit Is started.

Avoid future trouble by refusing to subscribe for any farm paper which does not print, In each Issue, a definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscription.

Consistent with Tjur well-established policy, I do not intend nor wish that anything in this article should be construed to be an intention to influence any voter in favor of any party. The Ohio Farmer is neutral in partisan politics, but never has nor never will hesitate to warn its readers of probable danger in the policy or platforms of any party for the good of our greatest and grandest nation of the world.

Some enthusiasts and some toadyists, are howling "Roosevelt for a third term," when he, in his great manliness and sincere respect for wellestablished precedents, has said several times that "under no circumstances mould he accept the nomination for a third term."

Theodore Roosevelt is hnnest, sincere, means what he says. In ability, courage of his convictions, pure life and genuine patriotism, the United States has never produced a more perfect type and I believe men of all political affiliations concede this. But this country is a Republic. The one great fundamental principle of its founders was to leave the great administrative, legislative and executive departments of our government open to all worthy aspirants. To make it a Republic in fact and eliminate every semblance of monarchy.

The gratitude and admiration of the people Of this great country for Theodore Roosevelt will last for all time and his memory in the hearts of the citizens of this Republic will rival that for Washington, Lincoln and Grant. But let us eliminate toadyism aud take him at his word. If some false sentiment or the palaver of political aspirants should ever tempt him (which I most sincerely doubt) to waver from the position he has taken, it would to a great extent undermine the pedestal of greatness that the people have built for him in their esteem.

Again, we have other great and good men who for many years have, with worthy ambition, striven to properly prepare themselves for this highest office and it is not just nor consistent to break the precedent, well and thoroly established, of two terms and no more.

A recent statement Our Share or the of the Department World's Trade, of Commerce and Labor makes the total imports into all of the real commercial countries of the world, $14,131,- 000,000. Leaving out the United States, the total imports of all other countries is $12,697,000,000. Of this amount, the United States furnishes $1,862,000,000, or 14.7 percent. These figures are in round numbers, for the latest available year. The two facts brought out in this report that are of greatest interest are - the countries, that buy most from this country, and the countries whose greatest percent of imports is from this country. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland always has stood far in advance, as our leading customer. She takes, annually, $638,006,000. Germany comes second with $236,082,000. Canada, third, $175,- 852,000. France, fourth, $99,805,000. The Netherlands (Holland), fifth, $96,- 747,000. Mexico, sixth, $72,509,000.Then follow Belgium, Cuba, Italy, Austria- Hungary, China, Japan, Argentina, Denmark, Spain, Australia, Russia, Brazil, Central America, Switzerland, Sweden, India, New Zealand, Chili and Portugal, the last named buying from us only $4,779,000. All other countries not named above are bunched together, taking a total of $78,679,000. Of the entire list of countries named. Turkey stands lowest, taking only $260,000 of our products, and she also stands lowest in percent of imports from this country; only .3 of one percent of all her importations being from the United States. This brings us to the second fact of importance - the percent of imports to each country from the U. S. Santo Domingo with adjacent islands leads in this respect. While she takes but $1,961,000, yet 71.7 percent of all the imports is from this country. Haiti comes next, 70.9 percent. Mexico, third, 65.9 percent. Canada, fourth, 60.6 percent. Cuba, fifth, 48.6 percent, and on down to Turkey as given above. The United Kingdom, our largest buyer, takes only 21.6 percent of her imports from this country, and Germany, our second best customer, takes only 13.9 percent. If we had the proper reciprocal treaty with Germany our trade with her could be doubled in a short time, especially in meats and their products, breadstuffs, etc. Of beef. salted and cured, she took 7,724,970 lb. in the last 6 months of 1906 and dropped down to 2,432,650 lb. for same period of 1907. The drop in tallow, bacon, hams, etc., was nearly as great. In many articles there was a gain, and in total imports for the last 6 months, of 1907, there was a gain of over $17,000,- 000 compared with 1906.

That is as mildly as Fraid ix Jersey we can state it. Not Entries. mistakes or unintentionally incorrect entries, but intentional and deliberate false entries and sales of grade Jerseys for and as full-bloods and eligible to record, and that, too, for the more sake of the extra prices that honestly registered animals always bring above those obtainable for the best and highest grades. And the offender? We blush to say that in the case just settled beyond doubt or recall the offender was F. E. Dawley, a prominent Jersey breeder, alfalfa advocate and superintendent of farmers' institutes in the great State of New York. "Death loves a shining mark" and so. apparently do fraud and consequent scandal. That the fraud was deliberate seems clear from the fact that after long and thoro investigation, with every opportnnity given to Mr. Dawley to appear personally and by counsel, the executive committee of the American Jersey Cattle Club unanimously found him guilty of false entries or false sales or both, of grades as registered full-bloods in six separate cases, running back as far as Sept. 24, 1904 and voted "that the secretary be and hereby is directed to refuse for reeord any subsequent entry or transfer dependent upon the signature of said Frank E. Dawley." This action of the executive committee was unanimously approved by the board of directors and it was resolved "That Frank E. Dawley of Fayetteville, N. Y., be and he hereby is expelled from the American Jersey Cattle Club because of violation of Article VII of the constitution; providing that a majority of the members of the Club voting on the case, as laid before them by the board of directors, vote in favor of such expulsion." This last provision is required by the constitution of the Club. Every effort for nearly four years had been! made by Mr. Dawley and his friends to suppress the facts and smother investigation. These efforts have delayed the investigation and the publication of the facts far beyond all reason, but certain friends of truth and righteousness, including the Rural New Yorker, have "kept everlastingly at it," demanding the facts, and at last have forced the truth out into the light. Mr. Dawley will, of course, be forced to resign as superintendent or director of fanners' institutes, and will lose ( nay, has lost) all standing as a live stock breeder and as a man of principle. The final action of the Club, tho tardy, is to be commended. Such false entries and sales, unless promptly rebuked and corrected, destroy confidence in the Herd Book entries.

unscrupulous and unprincipled "agents" drew to the lightning-rod business years ago is not easily forgotten. The swindle most frequently practiced was the securing of contracts which later turned out to be promissory notes. Only in rare cases were the rods thus sold really fraudulent, and most of them would have answered the purpose satisfactorily if they had been properly put up and tested. In too many c\ses, however, the purchasers, when they learned of tricky notes which they had signed, condemned the whole transaction, tore down the rods and consigned them to the scrap heap. Since then everything connected with the lightning-rod business has been regarded with suspicion and distrust. But that was years ago and altho we have all profited in our knowledge of business transactions thru the misfortunes of our fathers and grandfathers, it is time that we lay aside a senseless prejudice and avail ourselves of one of the most useful scientific discoveries. The lightning rod properly put up and grounded does protect a building from lightning, and as this is one of the most common causes of fire losses on the farm, it is just as important that we provide rods for our buildings as it is that we carry insurance on them. The season of electrical storms is now here, and farmers should be prepared. Statistics show that electrical storms are increasing in violence and the annual losses resulting are greater now than a few years ago. In Maine the lightning losses increased from $26,030 fo $123,094 in two years, and other states report corresponding increases. This is due partly to the increasing numbers of high farm buildings being erected, and partly to the removal of forest trees which are the earth's natural lightning rods. The Ohio Fire Marshall reported 154 buildings fired by lightning in this state last year, resulting in a total loss of $2r>2.447. The loss in 1906 was a third greater, owing to a larger number of storms; the Weather Bureau showing electrical storms on only 86 days in 1907, compared with 103 days In 1906. Insurance companies report the proportion of lightning losses from 60 to 75 percent. These figures alone should be sufficient to prove the necessity of securing the most efficient protection available. The secretary of the Union Mutual Insurance Company, in a Tecent public address, said, in substance, that 60 percent of losses sustained by that company had been by lightning, but $2.50 was all that they had ever paid out for damages to rodded buildings since their organization in 1S73. and in that case it had been conceded that the rod was not properly put up. The Indiana State Association a year ago discussed a plan for assessing properly rodded buildings at a lower rate. The forty-odd companies represented at that meeting had never had a loss on a rodded building. These are both facts which should wipe out any unfounded prejudices handed down to us by a duped ancestry, particularly when the matter involves valuable property, and the loss of life. There are a number of thoroly reliable rods on the market, and numerous books and pamphlets describing systems for rodding which will give the greatest measure of protection. Good business judgment would prompt a careful investigation of them and the selection of a system best suited to individual needs.

Most swindlers A Spanish Swindle, appeal to cupidity. When a man offers you a "dead sure thing," or "two dollars for one dollar," you may know he is a liar and a would-be thief. When one of our Cleveland city officials "put up" $10,000 in a bet on a "dead sure winner" in a wrestling match, near South Bend, Ind., lately, he was apparently trying to "do" the other fellow out of that snug sum. But the other fellow "did" him out of it. That was the only difference! - This new Spanish swindle referred to above appeals both to cupidity and affection, chiefly the former. Here is a concrete case sent us by a friend in Bradford Co., Pa.: G. H. Van Dyke an aged, respected, well-to-do farmer of that county received letters and court documents (forgeries) indicating 'that Louis Serra, the supposed husband of his cousin, Julia Van Dyke (of wliom he had lost sight), had died as a political prisoner in Cartagena, Spain, leaving his daughter, Julia Van Dyke Serra, in charge of his beloved father confessor, together with some $120,000, mostly in bank, and asked that Mr. Van Dyke permit himself to be made her guardian, give her a home, and become the executor of her father's inclosed will (a forgery) which left half of his wealth to the pretty daughter (photograph inclosed) one quarter to her relative Mr. G. H. Van Dyke of Brandford Co., Pa., and one quarter to this priest and confessor, J. Malina Lopez, the writer of the letters and sender of the documents. The same mail brought an affectionate letter from the reputed child! Later came a letter from this Lopez, saying he was having trouble and delay in getting Serra's baggage, containing the bank certificate of deposit and other valuable papers, that he, Lopez, had been to great expense, and would Mr. Van Dyke kindly send him a loan (amount specified) so that he and the young Julia might at once sail for America! All looked fair up to this point. But at the mention of a loan the wary Mr. Van Dyke wrote that "if there was an orphan child of his dead cousin. Julia Van Dyke, there, and she wished to come to America, there would be a welcome awaiting her. kind treatment, and a home with him as long as she wished. But not one dollar would oe sent!" The letters ceased, and Mr. Van Dyke or his friends wrote to Wm. Miller Collier, our Minister to Spain, at Madrid, who replied that the whole thing was a swindle. successfully worked all over the United States upon men of means (and cupidity) whose distant relatives' names had ben ascertained by "local talent" and forwarded to Spain, and that within one week a man in Iowa and one in New Hampshire had each sent $590 to bring to America the same daughter of a relative (different name to suit each case) and that a Columbus, O., priest wrote to him (our American Minister) that members of his parish had started to mortgage their farms to raise money to send to this same girl (name chanced to suit each local case) and that victims from nearly every State in the Union had written him (our Minister) of money in similar sums sent by men who "don't take the papers" to these same swindlers - to secure a qnarjer of this same $120.noo: Truly saith the Good Book, "They that make haste to be rich fall into a snare!" Why will men be such fools? Even fishes refuse ro bite at bait unless it at least half conceals the hook!

Apple Prospects. - The spring meeting of the Mississippi Apple Growers' Association was held in the large apple orchard of Col. R.Dalton, Ralls Co.. Mo. He heads his trees high enough for horse cultivation, tho most of the orchaTdists in the region head low.

Still he is probably the most successful orchardist in N. E. Missouri. In spite of severe weather and frosts, the thrift of the trees gave such luxuriant foliage that the blossoms, hidden in it and very profuse, were not at all seriously injured. In Ohio, so far as we can learn, the prospects are for a good crop. In the northern third of the state late varieties have not yet bloomed, and there is as yet, May 10, nt) serious damage. The same seems true, so far as we can learn, in most of the apple belt of the United tSates down to date.

Salary Law Valid. - The salary law, under which county officers in Ohio are now serving, was declared valid and constitutional by the Ohio supreme court. May 12. The county officers of all the counties of the state are said to have combined to employ lawyers to break down the salary law, so that they might again reap rich fees as in the past. The supreme court was evenly divided on the vote. Judges Price. Davis and Spear confirming the lower court in its decision that the salary law was all right, and Judges Shauk, Summers and Crow supporting the infamous fee system. It takes a majority vote of the supreme court to reverse a decision of the lower court.

A Notable Gathering. - The meeting of governors, supreme court judges, senators, representatives and various experts in national development, which gathered on the call of President Roosevelt at Washington, May 13, was one of the most notable conferences that ever took place in this country. The primary object of the President in calling the meeting was to devise ways and means of maintaining and economizing the country's natural resources which have been so ruthlessly wasted in the past. It is quite certain that the benefits derived from this conference will be far reaching. '

Appropriations. - The Senate passed the pension bill, carrying $160,000,000, in four minutes. The agricultural appropriation bill was passed May 11, including a Jl. 000. 000 appropriation for forestry.

Adjournment. - The House has passed nearly all of the fourteen large appropriation measures, and with the Senates' ability to hurry them thru there is no reason why Congress should not adjourn by May 23. The leaders are now looking forward to that date as the day of adjournment.

Postoffice and Naval Bills. - The Senate passed the postoffice appropriation bill. May 12, carrying $229,027.3fi7, and the House agreed on the conference report on the naval appropriation bill.

Foraker Again Surrenders. - May 13, Senator Foraker made a motion to postpone until Dec. 16 the discussion of his Brownsville bill. This is more than a month after the coming presidential election. The surrender of Mr. Foraker is considered absolute. It is either a case of being forced to be good by the Senate bosses or a repetition of the old, old acrobatic stunt of clambering onto the band wagon before it gets too well under way.

Financial Measures. - Currency legislation is now about as far advanced as when the session opened. May 14 the House passed the Vreeland bill by a vote of 184 to 145. This action shows that the House opposes the Aldrich bill which was passed by the Senate. May 15 the Senate substituted nearly the entire Aldrich bill for the "Vreeland bill. Thus each house is practically committed to its own measure and as the conference committee is composed of men who will fight stubbornly for the'r own convictions it is possible that the session may end without any currency legislation being enacted.

Waterways. - May 16 the formal approval of Congress was given to the Inland Waterways Commission, and appropi iated $20,009 for its support.

Tariff Revision. - May 16 the Senate provided for an inquiry into tariff revision and the House authorized the ways and means committee to consider the subject during recess.

Forest Reserves. - The Senate passed the Southern Appalachian and White Mountain forest reservation bill May 16. In the House the bill has been referred to a sub-committee of the committee on agriculture. President Roosevelt is reported as saying that he considers the measure more important than the Panama Canal.

Liability Bill. - May 16 the House passed a bill providing for compensation to government employees who are injured while engaged in hazardous occupations.

Governor Harris signed the general appropriation bill. Mav 11. without cutting out a single item. The constitution gives the Governor the right to remove certain items from appropriation bills and leave the other items intact.

The officers and men of the Atlantic fleet enjoyed themselves in many ways at San Francisco last week. There were many athletic contests between the sailors and the soldiers from the Presidio. The Maine and the Alabama are to be detacrfed from the fleet and sent as advance agents or "pathfinders" on the return trin to New York via the Suez Canal.

The corner stone of a notable building was laid in Washington. D. C. Mav 11. This building is the home for the international union of American republics. Flags of twenty-one American republics floated above the stand during the ceremony. Addresses were delivered by President Roosevelt, Secretary Root. Andrew Carnegie and Ambassador Nabuco of Brazil.

The Wright Brothers of Dayton, O., have heen conducting some interesting experiments with ti real flying machine along the sea-coast near Manteo, N. C. Their machine made flights of from three to six miles at the rate of 45 to 60 miles per hour. It was "wrecked during one of the tests, however, and the tests had to be discontinued.

A Cleveland butter dealer, who was recently caught coloring oleomargarine and selling it for butter, paid his fine of $1.- 000. and received a suspended prison sentence.

Robbers bound and gagged the station agent and special guard at French, a small station on the Santa Fe Ry., in New Mexico, blew the safe and got away with $35,000. Posses started in pursuit as soon as the alarm was given by a tramp.

It is now estimated that the proposed increase in freight rates by the railroads of the country will mean a tax of $1.75 for each person in the United States, as represented in the increased cost of commodities.

The Fertilizer Cases

The Smith Agricultural Chemical Company of Columbus filed suits last week against the old State Board of Agriculture, and the individual members thereof, alleging that the Board and its officers are guilty of conspiring to damage the Smith Company. The old Board recently was declared, by Judge Bigger of this common pleas court, to be a private corporation without legal standing as a department of the state government. The petitions filed last week declare the old Board and its officers conspired to damage the Smith Company by circulating false reports concerning the fertilizer products of the company; the dissemination of annonymous letters attacking the company, and by favoritism shown to other fertilizer comnanies to the detriment of the Smith Company. Judgment is asked for $250,000 damages and that the old Board be restrained from transferring the State Fair grounds to the new Board and that the affairs and property' of the old Board be placed in the hands of a receiver.

The Smith Company has made no formal answer as yet to the petition filed in the supreme court a few days ago by Attorney General Ellis to oust it from its charter, on the ground that it has practiced fraud and deception in its representations as to the percentages of the constituent parts in its fertilizers and given short weights. Mr. Ellis has asked for no early hearing, and this case, like all others, will take its regular course in the court. The company will likely demur to the petition and ask for its dismissal, but when the companv is once in court. Mr. Ellis will ask that a master commissioner be appointed to take testimony, the question of its repeated violations of law, being one of facts, rather than law. An additional charge is that the company maintained a number of fictitious firms in different sections of the state to make a show of competition, when in fact there was none, the subsidiary companies being owned and operated by the parent company.

In a newspaper interview, Emery J. Smith, president of the company, discussing the ouster proceedings brought by the attorney general, admits the existence of branch companies but says the practice is common and is necessary because of territory limitations. He denies the short weight charges and asserts that the report sent out by the Board was unfair to his company. He also declares Secretary Calvert suppressed analyses of other companies and submits copies of letters to sustain this contention.

Declaring the old State Board of Agriculture, being a private corporation under the recent court decision, had no right to collect money for licenses, the Buckeye Fertilizer Company filed suit last week to recover $1,051 paid to the Board for license to do business in Ohio.

Sel.Lino Certain Fish I'Nxawful

The state fish and game commission announces that vnder the law recently passed by the Legislature the sale at anv time is prohibited, not only of black bass which already were protected, but of strawberry or calico bass, crappies. blue gills, sun fish and rock bass. One may catch these fish, in open season, for his own use. but their sale, under any circumstances is absolutely forbidden.

State Game Warden Speaks says he is confident the hunters' license law will be passed by the Legislature next winter. - Hal D. Landon, Columbus, O.. May 18, 1908.

Catalpas on Low Ground. - Please tell if catalpa trees will live and do well planted in- low river and creek bottoms that overflow badly. T. M., Hardin Co.. O. - Catalpas do best in good bottom land. Land that will raise good corn will raise the best catalpa trees. The overflowing of the land in the spring should not injure them.

Cement Roofs. - How does cement roofing compare with slate as regards weight, lasting qualities and efficient service? T. M.. Hardin Co.. O. - If you mean roofs made of ordinary Portland or building cement, experience shows them to be of little value. They are heavy and short-lived, soon crack and leak badly. Slate is much to be preferred.

Wood Ashes. - How should I apply wood ashes to the soil to get best results as a fertilizer? Is thera any sale for wood ashes? What is potash from wood ashes worth per ton? D. L. P., Jefferson, O. - Wood ashes should be applied broadcast on soil in nei <I of potash, and worked in with harrow. Wood ashes contain from 2 to 8 percent of readily soluble potash. Unless the ashes are protected from the weather considerable of the potash is lost by leaching. There should be a good ready sale for hardwood ashes if they have been cared for and yield a high potash content, and can be obtained in sufficient quantities to make their handling worth while. Potash is rated at about 5 cents per lb.

Lump Jaw (Actinomycosis). - What is the cause of lump jaw in cattle? Can it be cured and - how? J. L. L.. Cambridge, O. - Actinomycosis, also called lump jaw. big jaw and wooden tongue, is an infectious, fungous disease. The fungus causes local tumors in the bones and other tissues, and can usually be seen with the naked eye as little yellow spots. It usually comes on the upper or lower jaw. in the salavary glands or the throat. It is supposed to be contracted thin small skin wounds or thru decayed or diseased teeth. Apply one part red iodide of mercury and 4 parts lard to the bunch every few days, or strong tincture of iodine applied daily. This gives about as good results as any external application. Also give 2 drams iodide potassium at a dose in feed twice a day for 10 days or two weeks; then give same dose once a day for 15 days. This treatment usually gives successful results. Where the disease is confined to the head it is not supposed to injure the carcass for human consumption, but in generalized cases the flesh should never be eaten.

Right of Way. - A deed was given for a strip of one rod to be used as a right of way more than forty years ago. By mistatke the right of way was not located on the line. Can this road be held open, provided the parties do not use it? M. B. - The deed which calls for the right of way on the line would govern, and the other parties have a right to insist upon that. They can not insist upon the right of way where it was located, unless it has been openly and adversely used as such more than twenty-one years. If that were the case, it would probably take the place of the right of way provided for in the deed. - H. L. S.

Applying Manure - Road Tax. Etc. - 1. I am pasturing 20 acres of timothy sod which I would like to plow this fall to be planted to corn next spring. Which would be the better - to apply manure during the summer to be plowed under this fall, or to apply manure just before plowing? We have a clay soil. 2. Without being ordered to do so by the road superintendent A goes onto the road with a kind of drag at frequent intervals and keeps the road in good repair along his farm. Has the superintendent the right to give A credit for the work done or is A required to work the full time when ordered out by the superintendent? 3. How many hours are required, by law. for a day's work when working out poll tax, and can the township trustees require more hours for a day's work? W. T. R.. Seneca Co., O. - 1. Apply in August or September and let it soak in till you plow. 2. Equity and decency would require that A be given credit for the good work he does on the roads; but the better way would be to see the supervisor beforehand about it. 3. Ten hours is the legal day's work, if there is no bargain to the contrary.

Fish Pond. - Kindly give some advice thru the Ohio Farmer in regard to the management of fish pond and how to feed the fish if they require to be fed at all. M. H.. Sycamore. Ind. - The United States Bureau of Fisheries stands ready at all times to assist those who ,r>- cations suitable for fish ponds. Not only will the Bureau furnish full information, free, but it will furnish the eggs and small fry to stock ponds. So far as we know no charge is made either for the information or the fish. The Bureau has hatcheries all over the country. The nearest ones to you are at Put-in-Bay, O.. and Quincy. 111. Write to the "Superintendent of the Fish Hatchery" at either of these places, describe your pond and location and ask his advice.

Order from Lot Xo. R. 521 and see how much finer.better made, more stylish Wash Dresses are produced when made according to our exacting specifications.

Little Girls' Percale Russian Dresses - small, neat. Blue and White. Pink and White, Red and White or Black and White checks or stripes - back and front finished with three box pleats - front center pleat has embroidered emblem - sizes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 - 50c a dress.

Larger Girls' plain Blue or Rose Chambray Sailor Dresses - White braid trimmed - White P. K. Shield with color embroidered emblem - sizes 4 to 14 - $1.00.

Orlando Harrison Again. - This wellknown citizen, of the nursery firm of J. G. Harrison & Sons, was recently elected mayor of Berlin. Md.. for the fifth time. He won heavily on the "dry" vote. His slogan is "More fruit and less intoxicating liquors." He is wide-awake to the public welfare in all things.

Ohio Farmer Pays Advertisers

Cleveland. O.. March 29. 1908. Last spring we carried a small adv. in the Ohio Farmer, with satisfactory results. Please send advertising rates as we will want an adv. with you during the soring months. - Wm. Hopfman & Co., Commission Merchants.

Cedarville. O.. March 2(5. IMS. About all I have done, for the last two months, has been to answer inquiries from our seed corn adv. in the Ohio Farmer. We are nearly sold out. - C. D. Dobbins & Son.

Melrose. O.. March 28 1998. Please discontinue our poultry adv. with this week's issue, as we have nothing left to sell - Theo. Burt & Sons.

Electric

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