Farmer Township (part 14 of 25)

The Beauty of Deal Design - The graceful lines of Deal Buggies are the result of year's of experience in designing. Our 1908 styles are the "finest ever."

Piano Finish Holds Its Luster - Deal Buggies are finished like pianos. It takes three months to complete the process from Priming Coat to Finishing Varnish.

You'll be proud of a "Deal" every day - proud of its style and its beauty - proud of its easy riding and its splendid service. A Deal Buggy will excite favorable comment. People will notice and talk about it. We

Satisfaction

Don't gamble, or take any cbance on the tnifrey you buy. Get u Columbus Buggy of l'J years* Hlph Standing *-noW Bold direct from our factory at factory priceto the user. Try the style you like at our risk.

Buggy

Tt htt a reputation behind It - tne rrputad«n of the largest vehicle factory In the world which fur otct 50 year* lias put the best materials and sk; 11 into every farm wa^on or hugjry it has turned out. When vu buy a Studebalker farm wagon yod know you are bu>ing the *ery l-est waggon that ft is possil lefor human hands to make.

Even If not yet ready to select a buggy, drop us a line for this Free Book and Low Prices, so as to Ret i>osted. Aibo si. ows line harness. Write today.

Largest Capacity And Strongest Built

Write for catalog. We have had 58 years experience and are the largest and oldest manufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the wurld. TH£ E. W. ROSS CO., Box 38 Springfield, Ohio

Arc The Best

Because the Electric Igniter b outside the cylinder where it U cool and the sparl( can he seen, because of out modern coolinf sustem and -»> cause ot 57 renin told in StlctMfi Ttttlorarr ind Portiblt CatecMM

We have thousands of engines in successful operation because of our y+ars of experience in making engines of the best material and most accurate workmanship. Send for CltllOJ

Peaceful Pastures

The beautiful pasture scene shown on this page was taken from "Maplei hurst," the farm home of the late | James McGranahan, Kinsman, O. Mr. I McGranahan always took great pride 1 in his stock and well kept grounds.and spent the greater part of his later life on the farm. Such cattle in such pastures do much to keep the young I hoys oa the farm, and much to bring I the old boys back.

The Manure Spreader. - Just now our two men are manuring the land. Both load at the barnyard and one drives to the near-by field and spreads the load in a little less than three minutes from the time the machine is put into gear, and is back to the yard by the time the other has cleaned up the loose bits or crumbs of manure and has got everything ready to load again. And the manure is spread in a thin, fine coating all over the ground far better than a man with a fork could spread it in ten times as long. This fine spreading is important for any crop, but far more so for potatoes when applied shortly before planting, for if it is spread more or less in chunks, as it always is by hand, wherever one of these chunks occurs there are more likely to be scabby potatoes. Some care must be taken to load from the front of the box backward, and to put on only moderately small forkfuls, if the manure is packed or - hangs together Closely, so that it will not clog the spreader or stall the team. In the latter rase, throw the machine out of gear and crank the load forward a few inches away from the whirling spreader to give it a new start. In loading, too, leave a little space open next to the whirling spreader. For soft ground or up-grade spreading it is well to use three horses abreast, as my foreman is now doing.

The Potato Planter. - Mine opens a deep Vshaped groove or drill by means of a small double-moldboard plow, spreads phosphate (if used) up both sides of the V, drops the seed in the bottom, and mixes the phosphate thoroly with the soil and covers it by means of two very large revolving disks in the rear, set at the proper angle. It takes two men to "man" it, one to drive the team and the other to watch and regulate the self-feeding attachment and see that it does perfect work. With long rows, well-prepared land and a good team, the two men can plant from three to four acres per day and do it far better than the two could mark with plow and drop, fertilize and cover a half-acre by hand.

The Drag or F1, ' :<= is a simple affair made of pi. 1 clapboard fashion, or of 4x4 scantlin^.with which we level the ridges abt)l,t a week after planting.

The Sprayer. - Several good makes of special sprayers are advertised, that spray four or more rows each time thru, but for the six to ten acres that I grow annually, of late years, I use the Century pump and barrel sprayer used also for the apples. It is put in a light spring wagon; the horse goes between two rows and the wheels straddle the two; one man drives and pumps and the other sits in the rear of the wagon, facing backwards and, with a good hose with spraying nozzle in each hand, sprays two rows thoroly as fast as the horse walks. We use Bordeaux mixture to prevent blight and mix in three pounds of Disparene with each 50 gallons to kill the potato beetles. For cultivating we use an ordinary riding corn cultivator, set narrow, and one or more one-horse cultivators, especially late in the season.

The Potato Digger. - For some years I used one of the cheap diggers. They do not do first-class work, and so when I came to growing from six to 30 acres annually I bought one of the best elevator diggers. Two heavy horses can draw it in good ground, but it is very heavy work and we find it far better to drive four abreast. They wag right along easily, and can dig four acres per day or more. A broad steel blade, set by a ratchet and lever to the proper depth runs under chines and great labor-savers, "'.w of them are indispensable to th »/ profits in potato growing, a spreader is indispensable on an> *w where much manure from live si /jv is used. - W. L Chamberlain, May 16.

Alfalfa Enthusiasts Of West

Others just as strongly advocated slow process, claiming that the buildings by the spontaneous /-^=tron of this overheated green c^V'ot uncommon. They advoin the swath for one

On a recent trip in Kansas I was surprised to note the increased area devoted to the growing of alfalfa over that I saw there two years ago. Thru that part of eastern Kansas I visited, the farms on which alfalfa is not now growing are the exception, and many are extending the area to almost the entire exclusion of all other crops. In this I 'believe they are overdoing the matter, for the time and labor required to cut and cure the hay largely interferes with the growing of corn and the most enthusiastic alfalfa men do not claim for it that it can possibly replace this king of cereals.

While at Topeka I had the pleasure of attending one of the regular monthly meetings of the Shawnee Co. Alfalfa Club. The topic for this meeting was "Cutting and Curing Alfalfa." It was emphatically brought out that i ui ing alfalfa hay properly was always attended with great difficulty; that one couldn't wait a few days for the row, lifts it, potatoes, vines and all, and the forward motion of the machine carries the entire row, potatoes, earth and all, back onto the revolving elevator which shakes out all the earth and carries the potatoes back and spreads them in a clean row in the rear. Properly set and properly run it does almost absolutely perfect work and leaves the earth in elegant condition for wheat by simply going over it once with a disk cultivator and a harrow. Several excellent makes are made and advertised now. "Get the best" is a good rule, but as with mowers, binders, etc., there is probably little choice between two or three of the best makes. The planter and the digger are indispensable special machines. The spreader is a general machine for all crops that require manure. All three are wonderful mamore favorable weather, as with timothy and clover, but at a certain stage of its growth it positively must be cut for the good of the plant and the next crop of hay and, for this reason, it was not uncommon to entirely lose the first crop. Tnere seemed to be as much difference of opinion as to the best way to cure the hay as is entertained by growers of clover. Some advocated the short course - cut as soon as the dew was off. rake into windrows at 3 P. M. and haul in the next P. M., putting in a tight mow and closing thfe barn and let it heat. They claimed that while it would get so hot that one could not hold his hand in it for any length of time, it would work no harm to the hay; that the heating was necessary to the proper curing, as it prevented moulding by destroying the mould germs, and till cured. In case of unfavorable weather so that it had to stand for a week or more, the cocks have to be moved to prevent killing the alfalfa under them. One ardent young man who said he was a beginner wanted a summary of the methods so ne would kn;w the best way. He was told that this was a case of "Pay your money and take your choice," that no "best way" could be positively given, but all must be governed by conditions and act on their own judgment.

The subject of alfalfa meal was incidentally brought out and some predict a great future for the business. There is one mill at Topeka and others are being built in different parts of the state. The mill at Topeka charges $5 per ton for grinding and the market price of the meal is now $20 per ton. I saw some of the meal at the feed store in Norwalk, Ohio, lately and inquired the price. I was told "three cents per pound." I asked if they did mt think $G0 per ton pretty high for hay? They said they only sold it in a small way as poul-

Considering the fact that stock eats alfalfa hay clean, with practically no waste, and that no nutritive value can possibly be added by grinding, it does not seem that the alfalfa meal enterprise could be made to pay large dividends. I think it is called "meal" by courtesy any how, and that "shredded alfalfa" would be the more appropriate name. It is claimed that it gums the machinery so that it can not be ground, and it is really only shredded. F. D. Coburn, the able and popular secretary of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture, and one of the most enthusiastic alfalfa men 1 ever met, while he does advocate the use of alfalfa for greens does not pretend to say that he thinks shredded alfalfa biscuit will ever be a formidable rival for popular favor with shredded wheat biscuit. Like every "good thing," alfalfa is being boomed to the limit by its friends, dut in this case, if the booming will cause farmers generally to make a ( lose and careful study of this plant, and adopt it where it will grow profitably, no harm will result. It has no equal among our forage crops as a combined stock food and soil renovator. I do not know whether the growing of alfalfa has anything to do with the intellectual development of the grower or not, but this Shawnee County Alfalfa Club certainly knew what it was talking about. I never met a more intelligent and capable body of farmers. Their remarks were always clear, forcible and right to the point. I spent a most pleasant hour in their company. - E. P. Snyder, Huron Co., Ohio.

Crimson Clover And Cow Peas

There is no plant of the more recently introduced legume crops that has a higher value in the improvement of the soil than crimson clover. As the necessity for having Americangrown seed, and seed gi-own as far north as practicable is being understood, the crop is getting more resistant to cold than it formerly was with the imported seed, and is annually being grown further North, just as the cow pea is.

In traveling this winter in Pennsylvania and lecturing at the institutes there, I was pleased to see that in some sections the farmers are appreciating both of these plants. In some sections, particularly in York County, I saw that every corn field was green with this crimson clover. It is not only furnishing a winter cover to prevent loss of soluble nitrogen, but is where it will make a great gain of nitrogen from the air. Crimson clover is the one crop of the legume family that I would always use as green manure, for of all the legumes it is the hardest to cure into good hay. It comes in at a season when good hay-making weather is usually scarce, and the curing into good hay is a very difficult matter. As a rule I would never use a valuable food crop as manure direct, as I know that by feeding and carefully saving the manure we can recover by far the greater part of the manurial value of the plant, after getting its feeding value. But crimson clover can be plowed down in the cool spring season and followed by a hoed crop of potatoes or corn to great advantage, not only to the crop, but in the increase of humus-making material in the soil. It is even perfectly possible to increase the corn crop annually while growing corn continuously if every crop is sown to clover and that turned under in the next spring.

But the clover crop is of far greater importance to the crop of Irish pota- 1 toes in the North, as it will come to full maturity by the time the main late crop of potatoes should be planted. This practice of sowing crimson clover among corn is one that should be experimented with by farmers much north of southern Pennsylvania, for we know that plants can be gradually brought northward 1 :ru growing the seed gradually further and further North. This has been shown in many plants of summer growth and a Southern origin. The Southern cow pea is an example. It is now grown much further North than was ever expected when we first began to preach cow peas to the Southern farmers. Now I have testimony from a farmer in Ashtabula Co., O., saying that he has succeeded perfectly with this tender plant after failure in the first attempt. Last spring I got a sample of a pea from a man in Michigan who said that he had 75 bushels of home-grown seed to sell. The pea he has is there called the Michigan Favorite. It is what is known in the South as a Brown Crowder, from the fact that the seeds are so crowded in the long pods that they assume the shape of an ordinary wrinkled garden pea. This pea was brought out last year by a Philadelphia seedsman under the name of the "Revenue" pea. But there is a very different pea known in North Carolina as the Revenue, a bush variety of a very productive character and with little dun-colored seed of the true bean shape. This Revenue is grown only in Union Co., N. C, so far as I am aware, but from its dwarf character and its wonderful product of peas, it would make a valuable crop for sowing among corn further north.

With a pea of this nature planted between the hills of corn and later crimson clover sown broadcast, there would be a much larger amount of nitrogen fixation done. Then, too, where it is the practice to follow corn with oats in the spring, the dwarf peas that would not run on the corn and interfere with the cuttiug of the corn, would make a fine preparation for the oat crop if left to complete its growth and disked down in the spring for oats. In this case sow the peas broadcast at last working of the corn and cultivate them in. Whether the winter-grown crimson clover would be a good crop to turn under for spring oats is rather problematic, as the turning would have to be done too early for the growth to amount to much, and I have never found a green sod of any kind of much advantage to the oats crop. But the dead pea vines, while not making a living winter cover, would certainly be in condition to largely increase the oats crop, and w.'th Northern-grown seed the chances will be greatly advanced. ' -

To the thoughtful farmer in any sectiOD, this matter of catch crops for the improvement of the humus content of the soil is a very important matter, since in all efforts to increase the productivity of our soil, the restoration of the humus is the most important matter. Aside from any increase in plant food, the mechanical effect on the soil is important. It also puts it in better condition to tide over a drouth, thru the retention of moisture, this being one of the greatest propei ties of the decayed organic matter. - W. F. Massey, Wicomico Co., Md

Taking it in general, it is probable that not more than 10 percent of the farm barns and other large outbuildings of Ohio have received any attempt at outside adornment and protection. The dwelling and small buildings adjacent are probably well painted; the barn, etc., are left dingy and rough to mar the beauty of the former. As one goes about he sees thousands of such buildings, and r< - - highways and railroads many of them are rendered even more unsightly by the presence of various advertising matter, probably profitable to the tradesman but certainly disgusting to the observant farmer. This condition is not so much an index to the shiftlessness of the farmer, as it is an indication of the expense and difficulty with which the alleviation of such a condition is met. On account t>f the usual large size of barns, the rough siding commonly used, and the cost of paint, the latter is seldom used. There is nothing available that seems to meet the purpose so well as whitewash, and it is this that most of us must use.

Some time ago, the writer took up the matter of a suitable whitewash, to be used on his buildings. Not being experienced in such matters, he could do no better than cast about for a suitable formula. These are numerous and include many that are worthless as well as others that are nearly as expensive as paint. After some trial mixtures we prepared quite a quantity according to what was thought to be a good formula. But it proved worthless and was unceremoniously dumped out with a loss of several dollars. We then made a mixture somewhat according to our own ideas but ruined the same by including a quantity of linseed oil. We were thus reminded of the t>ld fact that oil and water do not mix. Such experience was discouraging indeed. Finally, we came across the following formula: One and one-half bushels of unslacked lime, three pecks salt, nine pounds rice, one and one-half pounds Of Spanish whiting, and three pounds common glue, we slacked the lime. dissolved the salt, boiled the rice and worked it thru a sieve with mesh the same as fly screen, and dissolved the glue in warm water. The mixture was then made and allowed to stand a few days. It was then diluted as much as seemed necessary, warmed, a few gallons at a time and applied. This quantity covered about 2,000 square feet, one coat, which seems to be all that is necessary. The cost of this batch was about $2. or about ten cents per one hundred square feet, not including labor.

With all facilities convenient one man can prepare this amount in a half day and two men can heat and apply it in the same length of time, provided, of course, that they use a force pump, which is the only practical way to apply such mixtures. This pump was mounted in a barrel set upright and placed on a sled so It could be drawn from place to place as work progressed. The heated mixture should be thoroly strained when it is placed in barrel or the pump will become clogged and cause much trouble. We accomplished this by tacking a common window screen wire over barrel and pouring the mixture thru it.

is not confined to the exterior of buildings, but includes the interior as well. The fences, fruit trees, etc., may be greatly benefited and rendered far more sightly by the same treatment. Such work may be performed during mild weather and is sure to yield satisfactory returns by beautifying the farm and protecting the various objects to which it is applied. - H. E. Tweed, Brown Co., O.

Concrete Cistern

The use of cement for cisterns is not new, nor is the egg-shaped type shown here of recent origin. Many readers may be familiar with its construction, but its cheapness and durability, besides the simple knowledge

First, excavate to the depth required, which for thirty-barrel capacity will be six feet at large diameter and eight feet deep, and for sixty-barrel capacity will be eight feet at the large diameter and ten feet deep. Both should be round to avoid angles in the concrete wall, as angles or corners are more subject to cracks than flat surfaces.

Plaster against the excavated earth with one part Portland cement to three parts sand, using a plasterer's trowel, and having the concrete mixed to the consistency of stiff mortar. Make the bottom about three inches thick and diminish to one inch on the side, up to the level of drawing-in. Then make a temporary support and cover as shown, and build a mound of sand or fine soil on same to the shape shown. Apply the stiff mortar concrete against it about four inches thick, the composition being one part Portland cement, three parts sand and three parts aggregates. Follow this with the soil fill, but avoid severe tamping before concrete has hardened. The opening may be two to three feet in diameter or square. The opening is often formed by placing a wash tub on the sand and filling and cementing around it, removing tne tub several hours later.

After eight days have elapsed the concrete will be found self-sustaining. Then the interior sand fill and its temporary support may be removed and the entire interior surface coated with a Portland cement and water wash, which is mixed in small quantities and applied with large paint or small whitewash brush. Four days after the pure cement coat has been applied the cistern is Teady for use. The builder must use caution not to allow soil or dry sand to fall in the concrete while applying as it will cause a defective spot. Cisterns as described have been in use twenty years and are sound today. - Haman Clock.

The New Agricultural South

I was reared in one of the best agricultural sections of central Illinois, but after traveling over a considerable poii ion of the West and South, I fiually moved my family to Madison Co., Alabama. My principal reason for coming here was to get a cheaper land and a betteT climate and I have been disappointed in neither. Some one has said that the worst robber of soil was the American farmer, but I have never seen the robbing act carried to the limit that it is done here

We have untold acres of land that have been producing cotton continuously for half a century and are still turning a fair profit to their owners. I dare say that there are few sections in the entire country which would stand a similar treatment. The soil here is a reddish sandy loam or a heavy red subsoil. We have an abundance of free water, thereby removing the necessity of cisterns. There is no reason why this should not be made one of America's greatest stock sections. There is green feed in the fields every day in the year, and on account of the mild climate barns and breeding pens need not be so substantial and expensive as built in the North. We have all kinds of grasses and clovers, including alfalfa and a number of other grasses not' familiar to Northern farmers.

This country differs from most new countries in market facilities. In many parts of the West when a man has produced a crop he must then hunt for a market. But here the market is waiting for him with good prices, not because the necessities of life can not be raised, but because every other line is sidetracked for cotton, which the people crown as king. They are transforming a country intended by nature for diversified farming and stock raising to one of a special line. Corn can be raised and matured here after oats or wheat. Two crops of Irish potatoes can be Taised on the same ground in the same season. Every day is a work day. The farmer is not compelled to struggle for five months to store up sufficient feed stuff for his stock for the other seven. The ground is not locked up for four or five months, but the farmer can plow and plant every day in the year. A crop of corn can be planted and matured from March 1 to July 10. I have no land to sell and am not trying to sell for others. But we need Northern methods and enterprise to make this one of the most productive agricultural sections in the country. - R. A. Patton, Madison Co., Ala

Tobacco Growers Firm

Fearing that a wrong impression was going out as to the growers' stand in the present tobacco situation, Mr. A. Buyersdorfer of Brown Co., O.. writes us as follows, condensed: "I have been a tobacco producer all my life and own my farm of 200 acres. I have just averaged up my prices for tobacco in the last L3 years and find that the average price was about seven cents a pound. Most of that time I was a tenant and thus realized only 2\u cents a pound. A recent article in the Ohio Farmer says that no sale has been made of the 1906 and 1907 crops, and that the factories have enough to run them two or three years; that the families of growers are suffering and their children unable to go to schools where schools are not free. We have sold 22,000 hogsheads of the 1906 crop at a graded price, proving that we can sell this tobacco. The farmers who are pooling their tobacco are not poverty-stricken. Every one of them could draw 5 cents a pound on his tobacco if he needed it, and more if he cared to. The tobacco growers of Kentucky are not starving, and' they do not need our sympathy as badly as we need theirs. Their children do not have to stay away from schools because the schools are free. They are putting up one of the greatest fights ever waged by the farmers against an oppressive trust. If they can hold together they will win. but there are so many so-called "independent" growers who are taking advantage of the price made for them by the poolers. Some of these have gotten as high as 14 cents a pound. They do not seem to realize or care to admit that we have made these prices for them. If they would join us we might all get these prices; if not nvi further effort can be made."

Every one conversant with the facts must admire the fight made by these growers, and admit the justice of their daiOU As long as their efforts were confined to legitimate pooling and lawful re'usal to sell, the sympathy of all fair lain^ed rr.^n w as ^ h tbeSSBut th" uesii u«.iiou oi piuperty and taking 0f lives, for which some people seem im lined to hold them responsi- ble, is> not justified and deserves prompt and efficient suppression from the state. The poolers accomplished more than any similar action has ever done as long as they followed peaceful methods, but the depredations of the "night riders" threatens, not only to destroy the good already accomplished, but to defeat the original object of the movement.

Taxing Automobiles

I noticed in a recent issue of the Ohio Farmer a statement to the effect that automobiles could not be taxed for road purposes while other vehicle: were exempted. I am not prepared to contradict this statement but 1 can not understand how it can be true when the young man who is poor and struggling to get a start is taxed and the old man who is rich is exempted.

An automobile is as destructive to cm highways as the average dog is to the wool industry, so if the dog can be taxed for sheep purposes the auto can surely be taxed for road purposes. If such a law would be contrary to the state or federal constitution there need be no cause for worry, for the "nonresident license law" on hunting which is enforced in over half of the states proves that the constitution gets but slight consideration nowadays. That the automobile has come to stay seems to be the general opinion.and it has done most of its coming in the last five years, all of which years have been very wet during the warm months in this section, therefore few realize what the conditions are liable to be during dry weather five years hence. On either stone or earth roads the shoes of horses and the steel tire's on horse-drawn vehicles are continuously cutting the surface into small particles in dry weather, but the tread, speed and pull are so slight on horse-drawn vehicles that the particles are not 'removed from the track to any great extent and they pack or cement together again with the next rain.

But let a big touring car come along at the rate of 30 miles an hour when the roads are dusty and the wind is right, ere the dew is gone, and you'll see a sight that would make an angel want to fight, and you'll swear by all that is big and bright that you'll scatter glass in the road tonight. The automobile is not so much a maker of dust as it is a distributor of dust, and if it were confined to a roadway of its own that horse-drawn vehieles never travel over, it would be practically dustless. If the auto has come to stay it must eventually have a roadway of its own and the sooner this is understood the better it will be for all concerned. mhe farmers will not build good roads for the autoists to rip around over and the autoists will not build good roads for the farmers to cut to pieces, so there will soon be a deadlock on the road question.

The first thing that should be done is to permanently establish a minimum width of 60 ft. for all main roads in the state, and take from the county and township officials the power to change the width every year if they are petitioned to do so. Sixty feet will be enough for two double-track roads with a gutter between them and outside of them, and room for a walk next each fence. With a rib between the two auto tracks, except at crossings, there would be no chance for head-on collisions, and with a rib in the center of each track there would be little danger of skidding. Each automobile should be taxed at least $1 per horse-power per year. Any one who can not pay that much can travel some cheaper way. While they are allowed to run as now, none but a licensed dTiver should be allowed to rim one. The object in lecensing the |t driver is not alone for revenue but 1 more as a protection to the public. : When a man is on a load of hay, driv- \ ing a team of colts, it is considerable ) satisfaction to him to know that the I rapidly approaching car is in all prob- ' ability controlled by a licensed driver ; instead of an easily-rattled owner out , on his first trip. - E. Tully, Trumbull ' Co., 0.

Note. - Good road experts are be- [ ginning to recognize the damage done I to good ^oads by automobiles which , is mentioned above. Even the best macadam roads are being greatly injured by the automobile travel. The National Good Roads Department of the' U. S. Department of Agriculture recently made some experiments on the rock-surfaced roads of New England. Their conclusion at the close »f these experiments was that "the modern fast-moving motor car is the greatest menace to macadam roads that has ever yet made its appearance." It is estimated that the retrogression in the macadam roads of New England has been not less than 40 percent since motor cars have come into use. This damage is described practically as given above.

The theory of the macadam or stone road is that slowly-moving, iron-tired wagons crush dust particles from the stones of the road's surface. Those particles are constantly sifted between the interstices of the large stones and every passing wagon crushes them firmer into all ruts and inequalities. Rains pack and cement these particles in and the ultimate result is a smooth, water-shedding highway. As long as only heavy iron-tired vehicles k <^ - used on these roads, they were constantly improving, but with the tasimoving vehicles with broad, soft tires the result is different. The rubber tire being soft creates no rock dust and takes away the very life of these roads. The auto whirring along at a dizzy speed simply flattens its tires against the ground and the tractive force thus exerted hurls the precious rock dust into the air and it is blown away. These facts and the deterioration of the roads are becoming so apparent, not alone in this country, but in foreign countries as well, that an International Congress has been called to meet at Paris on October 11, this year, to discuss plans for saving the roads.

The automobile has made the road question an enormous one. and this effect upon rock roads only complicates it the more. There is no question but that the automobile is here to stay, and any plan for Toad improvement must provide for the automobile and its use. - The Editors.

Regulating Market Supply

farmers to combine in sufficient numbers. So many are compelled to sell as soon as their products are ready for market, and many others break their contract with the organization when, in their own judgment, they deem it best for themselves. Of course, perishable products, as vegetables, berries, fruits, etc., can not be held, but staple rroducts, as . grain, wool, tobacco, etc., can be, and it would be of great advantage to farmers if, by proper storage and marketing, the supply could be regulated according to actual demand. It would prevent the speculators from getting :he tremendous profits they now do. These wealthy dealers combine to keep prices down until they get possession of the crops, and then they let demand exert its proper influence. They manage it just as farmers should - let out the supply according to demand, and get all the extra profit, which rightfully belongs to the producers. Where a commodity is produced in a limited locality or to a limited extent, organization among farmers, for control, is really practicable, as with tobacco, peanuts, cotton, etc. With products of world-wide production, or even general production in the United States, it is seemingly impossible, as with wheat, oats, etc. The Ohio Farmer will give Us support to any possible plan that Will enable farmers to control the market supply and give them the prices they ought to have for their products.

and children of school age accustomed to some of the privileges of life. Think what you aTe taking them into and all for what. Remember, that if you get a patent or deed for 100 acres of land you must live on it for six months out of a year for three years, must either take your family out with you from 50 to 150 miles from railroad stations or else leave your family, go and isolate yourself and take chances on ever seeing one another again. Yon must also swear allegiance to the British crown. Give up what is said to be "The best government in the world," our own United States.

This Northern Canada may do very well for a people inured to hardships such as the Russians, Poles and other foreigners, but if you want to deny yourselves as much as you will be compelled to up there you can find plenty of chances in the U. S. where you can do equally as well or better and not be compelled to become a British subject. Also remember that while you can go to Western Canada for a cent a mile you may not be able to get back at that rate. - Sarah Cohoon, Wood Co., O.

The Canadian Northwest

Remodeled Stables. - O. R., Can , O., desires to remodel his stables in a large basement barn and to dispose of a heavy 20x20 inch girder in the middle of barn. It is difficult for us to say just what should be done in this case without a personal inspection of the building. It is evident that this large girder is to support the joist for the floor above. If these joist splice

The question, how to make the price of farm products stable, is one that has occupied my thoughts for a long time and I have never been able to fully understand why there was not some way by which the farmer could help to control the prices of the different grains, etc., which are the results of his own individual labor.

When the harvest time is on, a great many farmers have to sell their surplus grain regardless of what the market price may be, because their amount of storage room is limited and they can only keep what is necessary for their own consumption during the year. Right here is where the question will be raised - must the farmer put up more buildings so he can hold his own grain, etc., till the market price suits him?

That would be all right providing the farmer was able, by himself, to do this, but a great number are not. Farming comes almost near being the only trade whose members are not banded together for mutual protection and, benefit.

Wouldn't it be possible for the farmers to band together into a co-operative organization, build grain storage houses or elevators at the nearest shipping point in the community for the surplus grain and thereby be able to hold their produce till the market price suited them or until tney were ready to sell? This society would have to be formed all over the country so the farmers could, by holding together, be able to demand a fair price for their produce. Now I do not mean by this sort of argument to form a "farmers' trust" but only to enable the farmer to protect himself. Before' I advance any more of my ideas on this subject I would be glad thru the Ohio Farmer to know what the editor and others who have had more years of experience than T have think on the subject. - D. R. H., Putnam Co., Ohio.

The American Society of Equity has been making a great effort to organize farmers and secure some control of the market, and it has been more successful than any other of the many efforts of this kind. The great trouble is the difficulty of getting umns have not dwelt upon. There is food for thought in the words of our correspondent. The Canadian Northwest is undoubtedly a country of grand possibilities - but it has its drawbacks. What country has not? Show it to us and we will have before us the natural Utopia, the Promised Land, for which the race has been searching diligently thru all the ages. Most writers on the new Northern country speak only well of it; the letter below emphasizes only the somber side. A member of our editorial staff has been over that country and thinks very well of it. But as we must always take the. bitter with the sweet we present the following testimony for what it is worth. - The Editors.)

As I read "How American Farmers Are Building a New Nation in the North," in your columns of May 1, I thought it would be only fair to write you concerning the other side of the question.

On the 19th of March, 1907, my husband left Chicago on an excursion to western Alberta. Between Medicine Hat and Calgary were to be seen thousands of cattle lying dead, from forty to fifty in piles, scattered over the prairie, and not a hay stack in sight. The winter having been severe, snow covering the ground constantly, these poor animals were left to starve and freeze. As we traveled North from Calgary to Innisfail and Red Deer.the snow was three to four feet deep and mercury at 20 degs. below zero, and this the very last of March. Men that had been there for four years or more said they were only getting even financially with what they were before they left their homes in the States and came North. Living expenses are very high, board being from $5 a week up and at hotels much more.

It is very difficult to get a claim within reach of civilization, and unless you have time and means at your disposal it is very hard to get a start. Take for instance a man with a wife on this girder it will make Lhe task of remodeling a little complicated.but if the joist are full length, two new girders 8x12 inches may be placed on posts on either side of the driveway as indicated by the floor plan, and when these are in place the large one may be removed. If the work is well done it should not injure the barn in the least and the wagon or manure spreader may then be dTiven thru the basement without anv trouble.

Wood Cement for Hiding Flaws in Wood. - Put any quantity of fine sawdust of the wood with which you are working into an earthen pan and pour boiling water over it. Stir it well and let it stand for a week or 10 days, occasionally stirring it. Then boil again until it is about the consistency of pulp or paste. Put the mess into a coarse cloth and squeeze all moisture from it. Keep it for use. and when needed mix a sufficient quantity of thin glue to make a paste. Rub it well into the cracks or fill up the holes in your work with it. When quite hard and dry clean your work off and if the work is well done, you or any one else will hardly be able to discover the imperfection. - R.

To Mark Iron or Steel Tools. - Mix seven ounces of nitric acid and one ounce of muriatic acid and shake together well. Cover the tool or implement where it is to be marked with a coating of beeswax. Scratch the name or initials required in the wax with a needle or^ sharp instrument. Fill this tracing with the acid applied with a feather or brush, and let it stand for five minutes or more until the acid has plainly marked the metal. Then wash off with water and rub well with oil. - R.

"For the Land's Sake use Bowker'9 Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and those who till it. Est. 1873. For prices or agencies address Bowker, Cincinnati."

The Scotch Collie

Of all the many canine species, which one is better adapted to the needs of the farmer than the Scotch Collie? Tho we see many of these beautiful dogs in the city, where they have been somewhat of a fad among the wealthy, yet we feel instinctively that the collie belongs to the farm. For driving stock they seem to possess an inherent knowledge, and even the puppies have little or no fear of horses and cows. Very often, too, the older ones are good watch dogs and will not permit strangers to do any prowling about on the premises.

The Collie shown in these illustrations is about the average size, color and night, with only a little dark marking on shoulders and tail. Altho less than two years old, she has raised a family of six. She takes quite readily to stock and is always anxious to help in other matters, showing some cunning in the way which she manages the chickens. When any one enters the granary, she follows and stations herself beside the door, being careful to keep well out of sight. There, waiting patiently, she is not disappointed, them. This accomplishment, however, she does not always willingly display, and similar to some people, she likes to "peep" and see what is going on around her.

Her puppies were all very bright and seemed to understand pretty well what was expected of them. One incident in particular, which I recall, shows how quickly they learned. When about six or seven weeks old they began to take delight in the flower garden. We never saw them there, but by the condition of the beds, we know pretty well who were the guilty parties.

Finally one morning we caught them in the act, and sent every one to the house with a good cuff as incentive to speed. One dose was effectual, and tho they often frequented that part of the yard, they never again bothered the flowers; in fact we could not coax them within several yards of the garden. The accompanying picture of five Collie pups was obtained under difficulties:

There is a marked difference in the strains of the Collie dog. Some, by generations of special training, are naturally good at herding and driving live stock. That is, they a?e easily and quickly trained. Others seem to be no better than other breeds, and some are exceedingly difficult to train to any kind of usefulness. There are some Collies that are naturally treacherous and vicious, and not at all reliable. In selecting a Collie, look well to the disposition of the ancestors. If a pup, you can tell nothing about what its disposition will be. The right kind of a Collie is the best dog for the farm, but the wrong kind is the poorest.

Counsel For Shepherds

The English breeds have been introduced upon many farms without introducing any measure of the system that developed the breed. The result has been very unsatisfactory. All the English breeds need high feeding in the early period of their lives. They are essentially a meat-producing animal and to serve their purpose to best advantage must be kept growing every day and marketed as early in life as circumstances will permit. All the larger breeds are capable of acquiring a marketable size at five months of age. There may be circumstances where it is wise to feed them to eight or even ten months of age, but I am sure very "many lambs are fed each year thru the late summer months at a loss. If the same amount of feed given them in seven months were given them in five, and ti^e lambs then for some unsuspicious fowl is sure to come in search of corn. She allows it to begin picking up the grain before she springs out and sends it flap- -> ping wildly back to the yard: then she quietly resumes her former post, awaiting another victim.

marketed, greater profits would be realized. Feeding lambs have been so high for a few years at the opening of the feeding season that there has been a profit in keeping lambs on until October that might have gone to the mutton market in July, but usually there is such a fall in the price from July to October, that there is no profit in

The produce from mutton sires upon Merino ewes may well be given more time. They are very largely the . class of lambs that should be carried over for winter feeding and marketing. Pure Merino wether lambs usually may most profitably be fed thru winter and sheared before marketing. There is a possible adaptation of breeds to farm conditions and there must be an adaptation of farm practices to the breed kept if the greatest profits are to be obtained. It is a mistake to attempt to keep the English breeds under the conditions of close grazing upon blue grass pastures where Merinos will be profitable.

The importance of tho truth 'expressed in the familiar adage, "Change of pasture makes fat calves" is not generally realized by flock owners. A flock of sheep will do very much better if shifted every week or ten days from one field to another, and better still if the fields produce different kinds of grasses. Already this spring I have noticed how quickly sheep tire of even clover. Within a month after a neighbor had turned his flock upon a beautiful piece of clover, they had the strip of bluegrass around the fence gnawed to the earth, altho there was an abundance of clover.

Our ewes have been breeding rapidly for three weeks under the stimulus of 80-cent corn. Even at that price we think it a profitable investment for! the ewes during the mating season. High feeding seems to take the place of high altitudes for us. Questions continue to come as to how we succeed in getting ewes to breed this time in the year. We start with young ewes and keep them breeding in the spring as long as usefulness lasts. About two-thirds of our ewes are Merinos, the others, in the main, are Dorsets of various degrees of purity. I could never be very successful in getting the Downs to breed at this season. They will breed in September so that many lambs can be gotten off by Easter. - H. P. Miller.

Breeds Of Draft Horses

In replying to the inquiry from S. A. G. of Haviland. O., as to the difference between the Percheron and French Draft breeds of Draft horses, would say that a French Draft horse is a draft horse produced in France, and is recognized as a different breed from the Percheron. They have a stud book known as the French Draft Stud Book. In this country the association is known as the National Registry of French Draft Horses, C. E. Stubbs, Fairfield, Iowa, secretary.

We have in this country some three different registries - for Percheron horses. American Percheron Registry, sec'y, Geo. W. Stubblefield. Chicago, 111.; the Percheron Registry Co.. sec'y, C. C. Glenn, Columbus. Ohio, and the American Breeders' and Importers' Percheron Registry, sec'y .1. A. Farney, Plainfield, Ohio. By addressing the above-named associationrequirements and terms of registration could be secured.

Your correspondent states that Percheron horses aTe sometimes sold as French Draft and vice versa, and wants an explanation. There is nothing wrong in selling a Percheron horse as a French Draft, as that is what he is in one sense of the word, and a Percheron horse can be registered in the French Draft registry. French Draft horses should not be sold as Percherons, unless eligible to registry in the Percheron Stud Books. Any horse eligible to registration in the Percheron Stud Books can be registered in the French Stud Books, but all horses eligible to the French Draft are not eligible to registration in the Percheron Stud Books, and this is responsible for the general misunderstanding about these breeds of horses today.

To give a history of the origin and establishment of our Draft breeds of horses, as requested by your inquirer, would be here impossible. The matter may be taken* up in a systematic way later. We have excellent books devoted to this subject which deal with these questions in detail and inquirer should procure copies of some of these, as it \vould be absolutely impossible to give in one article the history, distinguished characteristics,

Impossible to produce any scar or blemish. The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the place of oil liniment* for mild or Bevere action. Remove* ell Bunches or Blemishes from Horses or Cattle.

As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheumatism, Sprains, Sore Throat, Etc., itisiuvuiuaole. tlfC CHADfiUTCC that one tabl«wpoonful of ffffc UUAnANltt CAUSTIC BALSAM will produce more actual results ti.aa a whole bottle of any liniment or spavin cure mixture ever made.

Everr bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is Warranted to give satisfaction, trice S 1 .SO per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by express charges paid, with full directions for its use. Send for descriptive circular*, testimonials, etc. Address

Top The Market

Don't feed lice and germs. Feed for your own profit. Well conditioned animals get all the fat out of their feed, put on flesh, and go to market with more pounds at best prices. This oldest, best and guaranteed dip kills lice, eradicates all germs, prevents all diseases.

Recommended as a dip for all live stock and general disinfectant by the agricultural experiment stations of various States and permitted by the LI. S. Government for the official dipping of sheep for scab.

Prices: t gal. '\ihich makes 100 gallons of dip and disinfectant Si SO: S gal. $6.75: 10 gal. $12 50. Quotations on quantity furnished gladly. Send us your order direct and give us name of your dealer.

"Making Stock Healthy and Keeping Them So" is a scientific, but practical work on the methods of prevention and cure of all germ diseases in every kind of farm stock, poultry, etc. Senr free on request.

hns any of lhet>e symptoms: III health - poor condition - rough coat - ton rvy - dry skin - dandruff - Itching hide bound - pot belly - colicky paint - bloating morn* ?V Ings - scouring - pawing - " switching - rubbing tall -

S712-57M Carnegie Ave.. Cleveland

- young hulls, cows and heifers of th most approved tvpe and breeding, and i f. w registered Angus steers By th Highland County Breeders' Assoclatic on the farm of H. M. Brown. Hillsbor Ohio, June 3. 1908. Luncheon aerve i promptly at 11:30. Sale to begin on th stroke of 12. Send for catalog to

Care Of The Farm Team

It is not altogether the amount of work performed nor the amount of feed fed that determines the condition of the farm team. A good teamster, one wht> knows how to drive, warm up, and condition his team, and then knows when, how much, and what to feed, can perform much more work with the team and still have them looking well than can the teamster who does not. When the spring work opens up, unless the team has been used considerably during the winter, the greatest of care should be exercised in getting the team conditioned. The first few days in the plow may be worse for the team than a month's work later in the season when the team is conditioned. The greatest of care should be exercised in seeing that the harness is properly adjusted, especially the collar. A bad fitting collar may and will injure the horse's shoulders in the beginning of the season to the extent of losing the use of the hors© for the entire summer. To work a horse with a sore shoulder is cruel and unnecessary. A perfectly fitting collar and the keeping of both collar and shoulder perfectly clean are the remedies. The proper time to clean the collar is immediately after being removed, and everything that adheres" to it should be carefully Temoved before the collar becomes cold. The careful teamster makes a practice of lifting the collar from the shoulder of the horse several times during the day. When this is done and everything removed from the collar and shoulder and the skin under the collar is taken in the hand and lifted from the shoulder to encourage circulation, and at the end of the day, washing the shoulder in cold water, sore shoulders can be entirely prevented. Collar pads are hot and burdensome and when a good, perfectly fitting collar is provided they are unnecessary.

The team in order to perform a big day's labor must be conditioned. Many a young team has been injured from lack of proper conditioning. A halfday's plowing at 1 ~st is all the green team should be asked to perform. The young spirited team hitched to the plow the first thing in the spring can be easily injured or perhaps ruined in a half day's time by being kept steadily at work, and none but an experienced teamster should be permitted to use such a team. At the beginning of the half day's steady work the team should be given plenty of time. Stopping every few minutes during the first hour or so for the horses to take a long breath always pays, and it is far better to crowd them the last hour than the first. The horse jockey who understands his business does not think of giving a Tace horse a fast mile or a work out without being properly conditioned, several weeks being spent in conditioning the horse. If the horse has done nothing for a few months he begins by walking a few miles a day for several days. Then he jogs a few miles each day as the horse's muscles harden. Then he is jogged several miles each day and after a while he gives him a fast quarter to a half mile twice a week, and finally, after several weeks' gradual conditioning, he has the horse ready to go several full, fast miles, twice per week. He is then ready for the race. The same rule should be observed in conditioning a green farm team for a full day's work, and time spent in doing so always pays.

The price of feeds always has its influence with the feeder as to what grain to feed. The farmer who has luxuriant bluegrass and a good supply of corn has a good and cheap feed for a farm team, and but little else 1 need be fed during the summer sea- | son. But the pasture should be abun- 1 dant. It is cruel to work a horse all I day and then turn him out at night on >t pasture that has been eaten into the ground by sheep or other stock. He ; spends the night walking around over > the pastures trying to satisfy his ap- | petite. No horse so treated can be ! kept in good condition or expected to ' do a full day's work. Corn fed after May i should be soaked for from 24 I to 48 hours, and I am satisfied that in' actual practice 5 ears of corn soaked in clean, fresh water are equal to 7 ears of hard, dry, dirty corn, and I am convinced by experience that there is a great saving by the soaking of corn for horses during the summer months. Horses kept steadily at hard work require energy-producing feeds and they can consume large amounts of corn and timothy hay. It is my opinion that to substitute this ration for a horse at heavy work with some bran and a little oil meal would be all the better for the horse. I never have been satisfied to confine a work team to a diet of corn and timothy hay entirely, and I have never found it profitable to do so and insist that a horse can be kept in proper condition for less money where a limited amount of bran, oats and oil meal is fed in addition.

Whenever practicable teams should be watered frequently. To allow a horse to become extremely thirsty and then given all the water he will take, is the greatest mistake and may cause the death of the horse. Give the horses of course all the water they want, but when, as sometimes happens, they become extremely thirsty, the supplying of water every few minutes instead of all that is wanted at once may mean the price of a valuable horse. Mares suckling foals require more water than geldings, . -id during hot weather when at work they should be given water in the middle of the forenoon and afternoon, and should not be kept from water for a full half day. If a considerable distance from water, a barrel should be provided and water taken to the field on a wagon or sled. The mares will do enough extra work to repay for all extra trouble, to say nothing of the suffering alleviated. - Chas. Mclntire.

Rapid Shearing

In a recent issue of the Ohio Farmer a writer says that "out West" he sheared 233 unwashed and sanded sheep, and tied up the wool in 10 hours. He adds that he does not care to boast but in 36 days he sheared 5,800 sheep. To shear 233 sheep and tie up the wool in 10 hours would mean to shear and tie £ fleece every two minutes anl 34% seconds. I had a man shear for me a few years ago, who used to tell of shearing from 100 to 140 sheep per day "out West." My sheep shear about 61/, pounds, were well washed and had no wrinkles. He commenced as soon as he could see and worked "like a house afire" as long as he could see, and %he did not lose much time at meals. * When he had finished the day's work he had sheared 60 head, but I tied the wool. The next day he struck a more moderate and normal gait and sheared 40 sheep. There must be a peculiar condition of the atmosphere or a stimulant in the wool "out West" which makes the shearer "get up and hump himself" which our Eastern shearers miss. - E. Y. K., Morrow Co., O.

Ohio Association of Expert Judges. - The Ohio Association of Expert Judges of Swine will hold its annual meeting at Napoleon, O., June 2 and 3 (Tuesday and Wednesday), 1908. All are invited to be present. Good specimens secured for score-card practice. Reduced rates at hotel. Come and enjoy two days with the breeders. Ben F. Reynolds, Pres., Fort Jennings, O., Ike M. Wolcott, Sec, Conover, O.

Successful Stock Sale - At the 9th annual sale of Woodland Shorthorns, held at Williamsport, O, May 13, 45 animals were sold for a total Of $9,- 752.50. Thirty-four cows averaged $249.25 and 11 bulls averaged $117. High price for cows was $680; for bulls, $300.

Mr. James A. Lawrence. N secretary and manager of Horse Breeding and Importing Department of the Hartman Stock Farm. Columbus, O.. has prepared an excellent treatise entitled "Pure Arabians and America-Arab? - Huntington Horses." People who attended the Ohio State Fair last fall will recall the display of Arabian horses that thel Hartman farm had on exhibition. In preparing his book Mj-. Lawrence has quoted largely from the best authorities and his work in general is very creditable. It should be in the library of all horsemen. It is very handsomely illustrated. Copies may be obtained by writing to the above address and mentioning the Ohio Farmer.

Stockmen and farmers who use the Cooper Dips have healthier unimnlis - get more wool awl better prices. More than half the cloth and flannel of the world is made of Cooper dipped wool. Tanks mipplied at cost to all usera of the Cooper Dips.

The loading sheep dip for 65 years. Used on over 250 million sheep every year. Kills ticks, lice, nita and cgtffl in ono dipping. Does not stain the wool, hut inereitses th<- \ield and impr«\c« the ^utility.

readily with cold water, whether hard, brackish, or salty. The only pure liquid dip - no sediment. Goes farther than Coal Tar dips and therefore cheaper. Positive remedy for scab, mange, ticks, lice, ringworm, eczema, sores, bites, stings, etc. One gitllon makes 200 gallons for general dipping, or M00 gul Ions for disinfecting. Pr' K gal. can SI. 00; 1 gal

A sure remedv for intestinal worms in Horses, Sheep, Cattle and Hogs. These tablets offer the great advantage of correct doses and certain results. Dose - one tablet for lamborshoat; two for sheep or hogs; throe for horses and cattle. Price - 10 tablets 20c postpaid; box of 100 tablets $l-&0 postpaid.

The most effective skin dressing for Horses, Cattle and Dogs. Cures worst case of Mange and Ringworm at one dressing. Searches the skin and attacks the disense at its root. Improves the coat and renders hair soft and glossy. Is used by mnny of the best breeders in preparing animals for show.

Fluids VI Winter and V ii Summer have caused a revolution in tree spraying. These nc\y and scientifically prepared spray fluids stand alone for the absolute destruction of all living insects, eggs, fungi, etc. One gallon makes 100 gallons of wash. Price - Gallon can, $3.00.

If you live where there is no dealer who can supply yoa with the Cooper preparations, order from Wm. Cooper & Nephews. 177 Illinois St. .Chicago, and dedurt 10% from any of above prices (Worm Tablets excepted) forfrciejitaccouot. The Knnffman-Lattimer Co . Columbus, O.. Benton, Hall & Co., Cleveland, O.. The John D. Park & Sons Co., Cincinnati. O. , or Win. Cooper it Nephews, 177 Illinois St. .Chicago.

and it remains todny the standard treatment, with years of success back of it. known to be o cure and guaranteed to cure. Don't experiment with substitutes or imitations. Use it. no matter how old or bad the case or what else you may have tried - your monev back if FleininB's Lump Jaw Cure ever fails. Our fair plan of selling, together with full information on Lump Jaw and its treatment, is given in Fleming's Vcst-Pocket Veterinary Adviser Most complete veterinary book ever printed to be given away. Contains 1H2 pages and 69 illustrations. Writo us for a l'ree copy. FT.FMING BKOS., Chemists. 238 Union Stock Yards, Chicago, 111.

Shire, Perch Eron, Belgian

SHIRE, PERCH ERON, BELGIAN and HACKNEY STALLIONS. Write rjr come to our barns and get our prices on young, fresh imported stallions.We have no old, left-over ones from last year, and have 250 stallions from one to four years old! Come and see our horses, for we can please you and save you from $500 to $1,000 on every individual and give the best and strongest of guarantees.

No need for him to he Idle. We (rnarantee the i cure of Collar and Saddle Galls under the harness | while the horse works or money refunded.

for Bruibes, Cuts, Rope Burns, Mud Scalds, : cratches, Urease Heel or any wound on horses or cattle. Excellent for Mantre and Sore Teat*. At all Dealers. Sample _ Btckmore's Horse Book. lOc.glving important facts t hat every farmer should know. Bickmore Gall Cure Co.% (J Box 517, Old Town, Maine ^ will clean them off without laying the horse, up. No blister, no hair gone $2.00 per bottle, delivered. Book 8-C free. ABSORBINR, JR., for mankind, $1.00. Removes Soft Bunches, Cures Varicose Veins, Varicocele, llvilrocele, Ruptured Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged Glands. Allays Tain. Mfd. only by W. F. YOUNG, P.O.F., 60 Monmouth St., Sprinnfield.Maji

Stockmen'S Supplie

Milk Oil Dip for H ogs, Cattle and Sheep; Dipping Tanks, Hooks, etc ; Branding Liquid, Shears and Shearing M achines;E a r Tags and Buttons ;Tattoo Markers, Branding I rons.etc. ; Summers Worm Powders, Toxaline Worm Cure, Poultry Remedies, etc. Tnnks at cost to buyers of Dip. Send for Free Catalog. F.S. BURCH & CO., 1 77 Ulinoi. St., CHICAGO

Death To Heivesikton'S

A Remedy for Wind and Throat trouble*. 26 rears in use proven its worth for* heaves and chronic m cough. $1.00 per can. Weals* ^ make a 50c can for Colds, Acuta Coughs, Distemper, Worm Kipeller. Blood Purifier and f*ren4 email loner for horses badly lp but it does not contain enough to cure hearcx. All dealers or sent direct, express prepaid. Bend for booklet, THE NEWTON REMEDY CO., Toledo, Ohio

For $1.00 cash we will send sufficient Target Brand for five gallons of fly spray and GUARANTEE It to do - II that Is claimed above. If it does not do what we money will be promptly refunded upon request. Send Sl.OO so as to save many times that 1 each cow this summer.

Target Brand, Box 728, Martinsburg, W. Va

In order to close oat the remaining stock now on hand at the SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, bo as to make room for another Importation early this full the finest and best Draft Stallions ami Mares, Belgian and Ferrherons, also several teams and well matched geldings, suitable for brewery or any heavy work, will be sold at ridiculously low prices to anyone who, in need of such horses, will visit Col. G.W. Crawford's Barns at Newark, O . and select the one lie wants before the other fallow gets ahead of him. The Sharon ValleyStock Farm has imported and Bold more stallions and mares (Belgians, Percherons arfd German Coachers) than any other importing establishment in America. Interested persons will be met at station if they will phone to

The Calves

No animal on the farm deserves better care than the calf. None receives worse, unless it may possibly be the colt, and usually we need not make that exception. And this in the face of the fact that the calf of today is the cow of tomorrow. Our herds are recruited from the ranks of the calves. Poor calves, poor cows! Now, it may be that some question will arise just here. A friend says: "I can show you calves that did not have much show when they were young, but which are today my best cows. You can make up to the older animal what you rob the calf of." Is my friend sure that his c; f would not have made a far better coir if he had given it better attention in the early days of its life? How does he know that that cow is really the best possible?

But look at the calves of the farms of this country. How often it is true that they are left out in the fall just as long as possible, compelled to pick away at the cold, frozen grass or go hungry! At this time of the year milk usually gets scarce. The hogs must be fattened and that calls for all the ii' ilk there is and more could be used if it were to be had. The calves must be shortened up. When the calves get starved out in the fields and come up to the barn, fairly crying for something to eat, what do they get on many farms'? Just the crusts. If there is anything that hits my heart in a tender spot it is to have calves bawling about the barn, asking in that dumb way^for the food' we ought to have given them before they were compelled to ask it. I have been hungry myself and I know what it means.

A few years ago I went to see the stock of a man that kept full-blooded animals. His barn was a revelation to me. The stables were poorly ventilated, foul beyond description, and in every spare corner he had a little pen fenced off for calves. It was in the spring of the year and there were a lot of these calves about the barn. Some of them stood in places so dark that we could scarcely see them, and the straw and manure they stood in was a sight to behold. How could calves do their best amid such surroundings? They might have good blood in them, but it seems altogether unlikely that they ever could reach the degree of perfection which they might have done had they been given better care.

Calves rarely are groomed and make a sorry spectacle in the spring when they get out to pasture. Great piles of manure clinging to their flanks, hair rough and staTing, eyes sunken and (he whole general appearance indicating a miserably poor state of bodily health. Calves ought to come out of the barn in the spring kicking up their heels, bright and full of vigor, sleek and neat as a pin. If they do, we may reasonably expect that they will come on the next season and grow wonderfully. It does not take much time to curry the calves every day. They ought to be bedded, too, just as the older stock. Their feed should be fitted for their time of life. Some hay, clover particularly. Some silage may be given to advantage. Some milk if possible. Every nubbin of corn or small bite of potatoes they get is turned to good advantage. Their stalls should be kept just as clean as the other parts of the stables. The stalls should be adapted to the stabling of such animals. Often you will see calves standing on platforms made for grown stock, a foot or so too loug. They must lie in their own droppiuga, if they lie at all. This makes it almost impossible to keep them clean. There should be stalls especially for the calves, fitted with a drop. The best way, however, is to put them in comfortable box stalls. In fact, these are far preferable for all kinds of stock. The day may come when we will realize this more t -n we do now. - E. L. Vincent, Troome Co., N. Y.

Thick Vs. Thin Cream

There are many advantages in skimming a thick cream of 35 to 40 percent in preference to a thin cream of only 20 or 25 percent. It is advisable from both the farmer's and the buttermaker's standpoint. When whole milk is delivered to the creamery, there is a needless cartage of the bulk of the milk yield. The whole milk is taken to the creamery, the cream removed and the skim-milk sent back to the farm. If the milk production is three hundred pounds daily, the farmer draws three hundred pounds to the creamery, lets the skimmer take out about thirty or forty pounds, and draws the two hundred and sixty pounds back to farm. It would have been better to have done the separating at home, drove to the creamery with thirty pounds of cream instead of three hundred of milk, and came home with an empty rig instead of with all the skim-milk. It is best not only to take the cream, but to take a thick cream.

When a thick cream is removed more skim-milk is left for the young stock, calves or hogs. This may seem not worth considering, but in the course of a year it amounts to quite an item. In selling one hundred pounds of 40 percent cream, one is including with it sixty pounds of skim-milk; in selling the same amount of 20 percent cream, eighty pounds Of skim-milk is included. In skimming a 40 percent cream one can save just one hundred pounds of skim-milk for every forty pounds of fat delivered. If the dairy consists of fifteen cows and the production of fat is three hundred! pounds per cow, a 40 percent cream will leave ll,25o' more pounds of milk than a 20 percent cream. This extra skim-milk is worth something for feed and should be saved. Of course if the butter is made on the farm, what is lost in skim-milk is gained in the buttermilk.

Another advantage of a thick cream is that there is less bulk to draw - just about half the amount. There will be some saving in paying for the cartage and fewer cans to look after. This is especially true if it is sent by express to distant points. For example, if one received thirty cents a pound for fat in cream, and the express charges are forty cents per hundred pounds, with a 20 percent cream the charges will be forty cents for delivering sixteen pounds of fat, worth $4.80; with a forty percent cream.the cost will be forty cents for delivering $9.60 worth of fat. In either case the weight is one hundred pounds, but the relative net charge for express on the thick cream is only half that on the thin cream. In selling cream one is usually paid for an actual amount of fat delivered. One hundred pounds of 40 percent cream is equal to two hundred pounds of 20 percent cream, and' the same pay is received for the two lots.

A thick cream should be skimmod not only because it leaves more skiiumilk at home, is easier and cheaper to handle, but because better results can be secured in making butter from a thick cream, whether it is made on the farm or at the creamery. The portion of cream not fat is milk serum, which contains sugar and caseous matter. It is principally upon milk sugar and casein that ferments and bacteria act, they having little action upon the pure fat. Now a 20 percent cream contains a greater percentage of milk serum, consequently more casein and sugar than a 40 percent cream. As a result thick cream can be kept sweet and' in good condition longer than a thin cream. This is a very important point to consider, especially in warm weather when it has to be kept for some time. There being a smaller amount of food for foreign bacterial action in a thick cream, a better flivor and quality of butter can be secured.'

In February a certain man wished to try an experiment with a Tubular separator He wanted to know by actual test ex actly what the Tubular would do.

He had no cows so he arranged with a dairyman neighbor to make the experiment with the milk from the dairy of the latter. The arrangement was for the experimenter to skim the milk at the neighbor's dairy, and the cream to go to the creamery instead of the whole milk

The dairy owner feared a loss of cream in this way, and so bargained that the experimenter was to pay the difference between what would have been obtained for the whole milk and the money actually received for the cream.

At the end of the month Mr. Dairyman was surprised to find that the cream had returned him $30 more money than the factory would have allowed him for the whole milk.

Sequel - Next day the dairyman and two neighbor dairymen each bought a Tubular separator, and then hired a man out of employment to kick them because for years they had been throwing away $30 per month in ignorance of w hat a Tubular would do for them, though the opportunity to try a Tubular in their own dairies was always open to them.

If you haven't a Tubular you can gain profitable knowledge by a test similar to above: and money profits twice a day after you put the Tubular in your dairy. Write for Catalog No. 151.

Guaranteed to skim close* than any separator in the world Sold - direct from the factory. We are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of hand separator* In America. You save all agents', dealers' and even mall order bouse pronto. We have the most liberal 30 DAYS' TRIAL, freight prepaid offer. Write for It today. Our new low down waist high separator U the finest highest quality machine on the market; do other ' separator compares with It In close rklru. mine, ease of clean* ins. easy running. Rimfillclty. strength or qualty. Our own (the nunufacturcrs) long term guarantee protects you on every AMERICAN machine. Don't buy a separator from any agent, dealer or mall order house: don't make any contract or agreement; don't accept any machine finally until you run a few gallons of milk Jh through our new cemfortable waist high

AMERICAN, t'se it every day for a month and see how it outclasses every other machine. We can ship Immediately. Let us send you our new Cream Separator offer. It's different from any other. Just as our new waist ldc.li AMERICAN is miles In advance, years ahead of any other separat-* in the world. \\ rite for our great offer and handsome free catalogue on our new waist high model. ADDRESS.

vcr plate. «elf retaining. 2Sj Inch, 3S crnliil >r.rh, S0C; S-a inch. 3:.c. Tain- should be about Hi lurk longer Ultra tent. Directions Included. Any leugih tube With Ohio Farmer 3 years only S1.6&. THE OHIO FARMER. Cleveland, Ohio.

German Razor

We place our Import orders for Ormnn razors from 6 months to a yo.ir ahead. By mistake tin- manufacturers have .lust shipped 60 dozen to us. that should not conii> until fall. We don't want our moneV tied up in them, so cut the prlc<> nnd offer you a genuine German high-grade razor for 69 cents, that we absolutely guarantee euual to any razor you can buy i ls. where for $1.60.

Hollow ground Si -inch blade, double shoulder, filed tang, black rubber han- ' die. honed, stropped and set ready for use. We have sold hundreds of dozens of these, know personally that they are all right, and you can take them upon our personal reeommendation and wo will refund your money in days if they are not satisfactory. Six razors for $.1.75. Ohio Farmer 3 years and razor only 11.75. and we will extend your time from date now paid to. These prices good only while this extra supply lasts, so order at once. THE OHIO FARMER. Cleveland, O.

time to do the churning. In a thin cream they are not brought so much in contact by the agitation of the churn, which will necessitate a longer time for gathering. Thick cream can be handled at less expense than twice the amount of thin cream. It can be cooled easier and will not require so much churn capacity. A thin cream needs nearly double the churn capacity that a thin cream does, and in warmer weather it will be harder to keep at the proper temperature.

One objection to a thick cream is that it is more difficult to get an accurate test. It is harder to get a representative sample and it is really more important than in whole milk testing. The variation of different portions of the same cream is apt to be greater. A thick cream should never be sampled by measure.but weighed by regular milk scales made purposely for weighing milk and cream. It is simply impossible to measure cream and get accurate results so that one can depend upon them. When cream is measured by a pipette the test is always too low and will vary from two to six percent. Many creamery men continue to use the pipettes for measuring the sample of cream to be tested, and those who are selling the cream on a test basis should insist upon its being weighed. The thicker the cream the greater will be the variation. The standard separators are guaranteed to skim closely when set for a 40 percent cream. No more fat is lost in the skim-milk than when a thin cream is skimmed. Everything is in favor of a thick cream, both from the farmer's standpoint and from the side of the buttermaker at the creamery. - Lynford J. Haynes. Erie Co.,Pa.

Cash Prizes For D Viry Articles

On page 10 of this paper appears the announcement of cash prizes to be paid for best articles on "The Practical Value of the Cream Separator to the Farmer with a Small Herd of Cows." Users of cream separators should read the conditions carefully and enter the contest. There is no article in dairy equipment about which there is as much discussion at the present time as the cream separator. Give our readers the benefit of your experience and share in the prizes.

Holstein-Friesian Meeting. - The twenty-third annual meeting of the Holstein- Friesian Association of America will be held at the New Court House. Syracuse, New York, on Wednesday. June 3. 1908, at 10 o'clock A. M.. for the election of officers and the transactions of any other business which may legally come before it. For full particulars address Frederick L. Houghton, Sec, Brattleboro, Vt.

Hay - Caps. - How are covers for hay cocks fiade? What is the best material nnd size? Can they be bought cheaper than made at home? Do you consider them profitable for curing clover and timothy? M. H. C. Portage Co.. O. - We do not believe that hay caps are profita- 1 le in this, section. They are not put on except in cases of rain, and our summer tains come on so suddenly that before caps can be adjusted the damage is done. If the hay cock* are put up properly the chief damage is done about the base near the ground, and the caps will not^protect this part. There are hay caps on the market made of various materials, including canvas, oiled muslin or cotton «nd paper. We would use none of these .-is they shut down the heat of the curing hay and interfere with proper curing Use common strong sheeting, cut in four-foot squares and fasten strong twine to each corner and peg down with regs driven toward the hay as in driving tent pegs.

Columbus Work Horse Parade. - The second annual Columbus Work Horse Parade will be held in Columbus. June 2. Prizes are ' offered for the following classes: A. Old horses. To have been in possession of present owners at least 10 years. To be judged according to preservation, condition and age. B. Single draft gelding or mare: weight 1.500 pounds or over. C. Pair of draft geldings or marcs. Weight, 1.509 pounds or over. D. Pair of light draft geldings or mares; weight 1 300 pounds or over. E. Four draft geldings or mares. F. Single express gelding or mare; weight 1,200 to 1.300 pounds. G. Single light delivery gelding or mare; weight under 1.200 pounds. H. Pair of mules. For full particulars address C. S. Plumb. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

Magazine Section Excellent. - Please allow me to express my appreciation of your noble effort to give us such a good cle^n paper. The magazine section is excellent. - Joseph Nill. Quanah. Okla.

Its Worth Appreciated. - We have taken the Ohio Farmer for about ten years. We look forward for it the same as dinner. It is by far the best farm paper I have seen. We take two others but one page of the Ohio Farmer is worth as much as the other two put together. - Wayne Wile, Polk, O.

Ten Years Ahead Of All Other Cream

In skimming efficiency, simplicity, durabiliity and convenience, the new 1908 Improved DE LAVA L CREAM SEPARATORS are fully ten years ahead of any other machine on. the market today. Thirty years of experience, protecting patents, and the many valuable improvements devised and perfected by the DE LAVAL engineers in all parts of -the world during the past three years are responsible for this fact. Every feature of the DE LAVAL has been improved, from the supply can to the base.The new centerbalanced bowl, with its separate spindle is alone a triumph in separator construction* and must be seen to be fully appreciated. Then, there is the new one-piece "anti-splash'' sanitary supply can, adjustable shelves for skim-milk and cream receptacles, new frame designs, and many other but less important improvements - all combining to make the DE LAVAL an absolutely ideal separator for farm and dairy use. There is the proper size machine for every size dairy from the smallest to the largest, and no cow owner can afford to be without one of these improved machines. It will cost you nothing to see and examine the new DE LAVAL, and right at your own home, too, if you will but say the word. Our new illustrated catalog, describing the DE LAVAL improvements in detail is sent for the asking. Write us at once and you will receive this interesting book by first mail with full information as to how you may have a free demonstration of the improved DE LAVAL at your own home. It will pay you to do so, and your only regret will be that you didn't investigate sooner.

Iw Indiana Silo Co

We own oar o*n "milla," at Morrill, Mm., In ilia flnut Pine ami Oypn -- l.clt in this country. Catalogue and ft copy of "The Silo Advtatb " FKr-fc. iB^Kir WIIITK K ill CaTaLOOUE. IW INDIANA SILO CO.

Fully Guaranteed Economy Silo

The Silo is air tight all over, keeps the ensilage absolutely sweet. Easy to pat op. Lilly guaranteed. Write for free Illustrated catalogue with experience of ucers.

J-M Asbestos Roofing

You know what Asbestos is - the indestructible, fireproof mineral - that wonderful non-conductor of heat and cold. Then think what a roof of this means to a building. Protection against fire; protection from heat in summer and cold in winter; absolute protection from all weathers, lasting as long as the building itself, and yet

It Needs No Painting Or Coating

Isn't that the kind of roofing you want? It certainly is the "cheapestper-year" roofing made. We warrant it absolutely, and the price is right. It comes all ready to lay. Nails and cement included. All you need is a hammer. Writc today for Free Book No. 38

We'll semi samnles find prices nlso. You'll cet helnfnl hints from the book, whelhvi' you buy looffrfg or not. Abk font. Wo want you to have it anyway.

H. W. Johns-Manville Co Stanchion

Thousands have testified to itri simplicity, completeness and durability, among them Ex- Governor Hoard of Wbeom*> sfnt who writes: *'I have been very much impressed with the practical excellence of yonx stanchions.' Shipped snnject to thirty days' trial. Send for descriptive pamphlet Address, W. B. CRUMB. 44 Main Street Forestvilie. Conn.

In your home, if not as represented return at our expense. More satisfactory than a (100 Separator. Runs Itself, raises cream quickly, Cets More Cream, keeps ml 11c and cream sweet during hotest weather, no skimming or Crocks and pans to handle. 60,000 Gravi ty Separators sold In 1907. More Iioss than any other kind. Price $3.25 and up. Write today for free Catalogue. It will save you money. 8LUFFT0N CREAM SEPARATOR CO. BOX F BLUFFTON, 0-

Steel Reinforced

The growth is an evidenced appreciation. We offer these facts as to" the merits of the Iowa Dairy Separator. In ten years we have built up the largest Separator Business in America.

The Iowa Dairy

is not only the closest skimming separator in the world, but in construction it is as far superior to any other separator in the world as it is in its skimming efficiency. It has a low-down supply can, a dust-proof enclosed gear, is a practically noiseless gear, a small bowl, and consequently a light power machine. All the operating parts are near the floor and consequently a minimum of Vibration. It is in a class by itself.

The closest skimming separator in the world. Only authenticated competitive tests ever certified by an Experiment Station where the work was done by the professors in charge.

In these tests the Iowa skimmed 41% percent closer than the De Laval. The Iowa skimmed G6% percent closer than the Empire. The Iowa skimmed 175 percent closer than the Omega. The Iowa skimmed 8% percent closer than the Sharpies. The Iowa skimmed 57% percent closer than the U. S. Buy a separator that gets al! the cream. See Bulletin 89, Oregon Station.

Spring Care Of The Strawberry Bed

Usually I don't disturb the bed at all in the way of cultivating or hoeing in the spring, as stirring the soil in api to make the berries gritty, but this spring I had to do something ai the weeds were likely to take possession. The bed was planted last spring, was kept perfectly clean, being cleaned out the last time in October, but some way the weeds made a preat growth this spring. Usually the mulch will keep the spring growth of weeds down, but I failed on the mulch.

After the leaves fell last fall we had a great southwest gale that swept the maple leaves clean from the lawn and piled them in a great bank against the garden fence, handy by the strawberry bed. I had often read that they were fine for mulching strawberries and I thought here was rny opportunity and in a short time those strav. berry plants were hidden under four iirhes of clean leaves. To hok' them down I covered them with (o-nato vines and I thought I had them-' there to stay but another still stronger gale came and carried away Ihe whoie business so the plants were practically bare all winter. I'll not try mulching again with leaves, no matter how handy tlfey are. I have rui t e wcedo out witn a sharp hoe, disturbing the ground as little as possible. We shall have strawberries even if they are a little gritty. We make a practice of planting a new tedjfyery spring but this spring being from home when they should have keen planted it was not attended to, and to renew the bed we have plowed on both sides of the row - which is fifteen rods long - and will encourage the runners to set on this freshlyworked earth, and with the old bed expect to have a good supply next yoar. - E. P. Snyder, Huron Co., O.

Horticultural Briefs

My Plan. - The plan I have worked out, after several years of experimenting, is to grow on my little farm, two or three special money crops. These have been fancy strawberries and early celery followed by onions on the same ground that has been made specially rich for the celery, also to grow all the small fruits, adapted to my locality, and all the vegetables in the family garden, in such quantities as to have an abundant supply for family use, and so produce as much of our own living as possible, as mentioned 7ast week, and have all the good things in their season, and the best living, because all the?e are of the best quality. In connection with growing my horticultural or market-garden crops, I am working into the plan of keeping- some live stock, by the most intensive plan of farming.