Farmer Township (part 24 of 25)

large and descriptions so full that yoa will know very nearly as much about the article as if you actually saw it. Any one not acquainted with "the Elkhart Way" can not understand how high-grade vehicles and harness can be made and sold for so little money. But the Elkhart people have, for 35 years, been making and selling direct to the people. That's the secret. No jobber, dealer, agent, traveling expense, commissions or storage. Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. is a great big concern, thoroly reliable and dealing in high-class goods. Send for the great catalog, see the prices and then Judge for yourselves. Sent free if you mention Ohio Farmer.

The Oakwood Mall Carrier Is a device by which the farmer who lives some distance from hUs mall route can get his mail without walking after it. It Is made entirely of metal, galvanized or painted. No danger of rusting or wearing out. The ball-bearing pulleys make It run so light that a child can operate it. Write Oakwood Mfg. Co.. 306 Stanton Ave.. Springfield. O.. for free circular and information about their " money in the bank" thirty-day trial offer.

We want to h*>nr from chippcra of Hay and drain - Our | diract service to large consumer* in this district enable! ustoKettop prices for pood shipments. Liberal advancements to consignors.

200-pasre bonk, compiled by the State, describing industries, crops, live stock, property values, schools, churches and towns of each county, and Minnesota's Bplendid opportunities for any man. Sent free by

Northern grown, fully 99 percent pure, guaranteed free from Dodder and Trefoil. All Government tested. Today's reduced price only $11.75 per bu. Write for catalog of farm and field seeds, and free instructions on growing alfalfa.

11-room house; 2 good barns: poultry, sugar, other outbuildings. 20 acres timber: 400 sugar trees. TO acres under cultivation. Good fruit, fences rood. Farm Is O. K. Write for lists.

75 a. good sandy loam.all cultivated. 9-room house, barn, etc Plenty of water and fruit. 2Li miles from Hastings, Mich. (county-seat.) 34 mile from school and church. For further information write L. H. HILSINGER, Toronto, Ohio.

This tells the true story of the season's celery crops at Sanford. Pla. Flowing wells, sub-Irrigation, climate, soil, these do the business. We raise our crops in the winter with little competition. A verase net profit $1,000 per acre. Information free. Howard-Packard Umd Co., Sanford, Florida.

TtJ ANTED - Man and wife, preferably without ** children, man about 40 years of age. to go to Kansas to manage a large live stock and farming property. Man required to have experience with farming and all kinds of live stock and manag - ment of men. Add. 1007 Garfield Bldg.. Cleveland. <>.

TTcyTinu - siiii'I'kks of Farm Prodft I I Lkl I IUI1 nets. Correspond with The IRON CITY PRODUCE CO., about the handling; of yonr Kruits, 1'oultry, Produce, etc.

Good farm lands in Central Kentucky for sale cheap, In the center of the fruit and grazing district. Climate and water excellent. Close to good markets. Roblnett A Coverstone, Finley, Ky.

Central Michigan Bargains

The great catalog of Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co.. Elkhart. Ind.. Is a handsome hook of 250 pages, each containing a fino illustration and accurate description of ?ome of their numberless ' styles. You will find about every kind of rig and harness. The pictures are so |

It's pacltod with Information about silos and silapo. It tells how to raise silage crops and what crops are best to raise for silage; how to make silage and how to feed it profitably. It tells how you can buy a good silo at a reasonable cost, how to set it up, and how to make money out of it after it is erected. It gives feeding rations for cattle and will show you how to make more money out of your farm with less labor than you do now. It tolls ail about the

"Mad? in Saginaw" and why it is the silo to buy; why it won't warp, bulge out, rot or topple over, Why it lasts longer, stays air-tight and keeps silage in perfect condition. Why its doors never bind and why it is stronger, better and more durable than others. Write to-day.

Write for catalog. We have had 58 years experience and are the largest and oldest manufacturers of Ensilage Machinery in the world. THE E. W. ROSS CO.. Box 38 Springfield. Ohio

Because the Electric Igniter is outside the cylinder where it is cool and the sparl^ can seen, because of our modern cooling system and because of 57 reasons told In Stlckney's Stationary and Portable Free Catechism.

We haoe thousands of engines in successful operation because of our years of experience in making engines of the best material and most accurate workmanship. Send (Of Catalog

Member Of Pittsburgh Clearing House

Order "B-B" Roofing at once to pet these lowest prices and freight paid - or write for catalog and samples Free. Find out all ubout -IMS" Roofing) absolutely guaranteed water proof, lire-resisting ami durable - long-fibre Wool-felt, saturated in Asphalt by special "B-B" Process, heavily coated both sides with Flexible Water- 1-rooL Compound. Can't crack, wrinkle or leak. Get our FREE SAMPLES - FREE

Freight to points east of Missouri Klverand north of the south line of Tennessee. If you live beyond, wo pay freight that far. Longest Guarantee and Prompt, Safe Delivery. Write us at oncoon a postal, ororder from thlsadvertisemcnt. Satisfaction or money back. Tills remarkable low price can't lant long. Take advantage of It and write this very day.

Sandwich Belt Power Press

customers a.e usiiiir einailer powtr. Equipped with Block Dropper which is safe and sure in Operation. Simple and effective Self Feeder, easy and fast to 6erve and one which handles large or small charges. A

It Is not made up of a maze of gears, tan if le of ehaf la and friction clutches. Uses do balance wheel, does not need any. Motions slow and powerful, no rapid or jerky movements. Wood or Steel Mountings. Lever Brake. Lined throughout with heavy sheet steel. Don't fail to write today for our 64 page catalogue,mailed free on application. Address, tii pn i u water from deep or shallow Weill for llveatock and "domeatic pUfpOSM, No waiting on the wind. No explosion, ex* haaet or nolae* No boiler. Kaa\ to Matt and run. Never fail* to co. Operated In connection with overhead orpreaanre tank.tnatireft rlre protection and running water for the home. Write for free book.

If yon desire your buildings rodded by a Competent. Reliable Agent, send ng your address and we will send you the right party to do your work.

Do It Now Before It Is Too Late

- HPKtlAL UlSTlllHtTOkB: - J. M. NORRIS, Ashland Ohio THOMAS H WILLIAMS, Ellon. Ohio. WALTER A MILLER, Weal Milton, Ohio. FRANK WINCET A SONS, Wapak.net., Ohio. S. F. SNIDER a CO., Washington C.H.Ohio

- often 18 and 20 tons. Snch wonderful records are possible because our Gem Full Circle Steel Baler has a large feed opening, automatic brake device, small trip lever and long pitman travel. Hither two or three stroke, and selffeed if desired. We will savo you f25or more in first cost and much mure every year in repairs. Drop us a postal for prices and a free copy of t> A 41 our "Baler Book."

saves lime, money and labor in build* lng wire fence - and save* repair* ONI M\\ \lo\l ^builds fence with the "o-M." Most efficient device of its klud ever invented. Stroug, lik-ht. simple, ea.7 to operate. Wire positively cannot Blip - the tighter it i. stretched, tbe more tightly It la held. It's all in the way the "O-M" works. Price 0 with order; transportal'n paid. III. Ilonklet free.

Cleveland, Ohio, Saturday, June 27

Few farm operations have a more important bearing on the live stock industry than hay-making. While this is true, a wide divergence of opinion exists regarding the best method to be employed; the farmer finding it advantageous to adopt the system which may seem to be best adapted to his conditions. Just at what stage of maturity this crop should be cut in order to obtain the largest amount of digestible matter has been a more or less debatable question.

Some valuable work has been performed at the Ontario Agricultural College with a view to arriving at a fairly definite conclusion regarding1 the matter. Alfalfa was cut at three different stages, viz., when the budswere just formed, when one-third of the blossoms were out, and when a little past full bloom. The first cutting made rather the best showing so far as composition was concerned, but owing to the fact that the plants had not attained their full growth, the yielo was smaller than that obtained in the second cutting. As maturity advanced there was a marked decrease in the amount of protein, and an increase in crude fiber. The largest amount of digestible matter was proi u red by cutting when the crop was about one-third in blossom.

The effect of maturity on red clover is very similar, except that deterioration does not appear to occur so early, and cutting may be delayed somewhat longer. Experiments show that the largest amount of digestible nutrients is obtained by cutting the clover when in full bloom. Timothy behaves somewhat differently from alfalfa and red clover. Up to the time when it is nearly ripe there appears to be an increase in nutrients, the smallest increase being in the case of protein. It becomes more woody and less palatable, however, as ripening proceeds; the best quality probably being obtained just after full blooming.

These are the principal hay crops in Ontario. Making due allowance for minor variations, there are practically three methods employed in handling these crops, viz., slow-curing, quick-curing and labor-saving method. The slow-curing method is the one most largely practiced. The clover is cut in the forenoon, shaken up with the tedder or fork during the day, raked into light windrows and put in cock in the late afternoon of the same day. This course may he modified, as it frequently is, by cutting in the afternoon and deferring the tedding and clocking until the next day. The clover is then allowed to stand in the cocks until it gets rid of its excessive moisture, being usually several days, when it is drawn to the mow. While much excellent hay can be made by this method, considerable risk is incurred from damage by rain owing to the length of time the hay has to stay outside, and the labor involved in cocking and pitching by hand.

The quick-curing method is one that has invariably been popular whereever it has been tried with success. By this system the hay is really cured in the mow, the term "quick-curing" referring to the length of time it is left outside after cutting. The pioneer in the practice of this method in Ontario is a prominent dairy farmer, who has been relating his experience at institutes for several seasons. Speaking of his methods in handling the hay crop, he says: "If the weather is favorable we cut in the morning, after the dew is off, ted all before noon, ted again after dinner, rake up and hauL to the barn and store in large mows. We formerly were very particular to spread each load and tramp carefully, but we are not so particular now. The hay comes out a good green color, without any heating or any signs of mould, with the fine fragran "f new mown hay after having be the mow for rank and sappy, the tedder is used, but ordinarily it is dispensed with. Towards evening of the day the clover is cut the driest hay is raked with a side-delivery rake, which turns the swaths upside down in a light continuous windrow, in which condition it is left until the following day. A heavy dew may cause some injury, but as the greenest clover is on the surface, it will not be serious. After it has thoroly dried off, the hay loader is started and the hay hauled to the barn. The weather conditions and the character of the crop will, of course, cause modification of this method.

two years." From the fact that this man and many others have been successful with the green curing of clover, while others have failed, it would appear that the principles underlying this practice are not generally understood. To have the hay absolutely free from foreign moisture is the cardinal feature to be observed. On many soils it is very difficult to secure these conditions. On undrained land which holds an excess of moisture, mildew is usually found, and if such is put in the barn on green hay

While it is not claimed that it will equal the other methods in the quality of the hay made, still good hay is made in this way, and the saving of labor is enormous; an important consideration in these days. That the hay loader may be used to advantage, the side-delivery rake is a necessity. The ordinary dump rake ropes the hay up into a mass that dries out slowly, and leaves the windrows running in the wrong direction to use a loader to advantage. - J. Hugh McKenney, Ontario, Can.

the results are about equal to putting yeast into moist flour. The whole lot is leavened in the case of the flour, and the whole of the moist hay will be permeated with the germ that produces heat and mould. If a shower of rain should come before the hay is drawn, it will have to be put in cocks and allowed to thoroly cure before storing in the barn.

The labor-saving method of making hay is the one commonly followed on the larger farms. Cutting is begun almost any time during the day, altho preferably after the dew is off. If very

About Commercial Fertilizers

The fertilizer agent will soon be abroad in the land and farmers who have not had the advantage of any education in chemistry will be at the mercy of the agent who has no more real knowledge of the part fertilizers play in crop production than themselves, yet talks very knowingly. I believe in the use of commercial fertilizers yet I am satisfied that on the whole more is lost thru their use than is made on the part of farmers because they have not learned how to use and buy to the best advantage. There are three prominent factors in this unwise use of fertilizers; first, the lack of a clear understanding of what elements are needed, second, the purchase of low-grade goods and third, the payment of extortionate prices.

The instances are comparatively rare where in sowing wheat a complete fertilizer can be used profitably. Where clover is grown in rotation and the crops of the farm largely converted into live stock products and the incidental manure intelligently saved and applied, there is seldom need of either nitrogen or potash. The exceptions would be that upon muck land and sandy soils potash usually gives good returns. Phosphorus, however, gives profitable returns upon almost all soils. One of the factors in the unprofitable use of a complete fertilizer is the absurdly low percent of phosphorus usually put into *henr and then the price of a complete fertilizer is raised out of all proportion to the value of the nitrogen and potash introduced. Having in mind the prevailing grades of complete fertilizers, I think the general statement well advised that it is not profitable to buy them. They cost too mxpch for what they contain.

If farmers only could learn that it is the plant food a fertilizer carries that justifies its use, not its name or the name of the manufacturer, the lowgrade goods would at once disappear from the market. I have never found an instance where the plant food obtained in a low-grade goods did not cost more than in high grade. It must necessarily be so. The fixed charges for handling, bags, freight, selling and office expenses are just the same on the lowest grade as upon the highest. I regret that the new fertilizer law in Ohio did not fix a much higher standard for complete fertilizers. There is no possible excuse for making a fertilizer with as little as two percent of ammonia or potash except in the case of steamed bone where the ammonia is necessarily low. That is the only form in which I buy nitrogen in a ready-to-sow fertilizer. When I can buy phosphorus in bone at about the same cost per unit as in rock goods I prei.^. fer it. When I want more nitrogen I buy it in dried blood, tankage or nitrate of soda, depending upon purpose for which it is to be used. Where acidulated rock goods or "plain superpho sphate" is used, and many must use it, as there is not enough bone to go around, nothing lower than a 14-percent goods should be used. Any rock goods with less than that of available phosphoric acid as the minimum guaranteed is simply an adulterated goods. If you must have a low-pricea goods so as to "go further" it will be cheaper for you to buy the higher grade goods and mix ashes or dry earth with it before you sow it. Most men, however. Will see that it is wiser simply to sow less of the higher grade goods.

Doubtless the rumors of fraud in the Ohio fertilizer trade will deter many from using them. There seems no good reason for this, however. The agitation regarding the business will doubtless make all manufacturers more careful so that there will prob- ably be less fraudulent goods put out this season than formerly. Neither the name of the manufacturer, the name of the brand or the price is a guide as to the quality. Learn to compare fertilizers on the basis of their analysis. Many farmers are misled by comparing the agent's price with the estimated value. That the state report estimates a fertilizer as worth one or more dollars above the dealer's price is no assurance that you are getting a bargain. A part of that value may be based upon ingredients that you do not need. It is pretty safe to buy a 14-percent phosphate at $15 or less a ton this year. It is offered by a local dealer at my home town at a little less than that. A steamed bone carrying 26 percent of phosphorus would be about as cheap at $28 a ton. - H. P. Miller.

Clover. - John W. Cradler of Union Co., O., thru a seedsman's mistake has sown the mammoth or English clover instead of the common red as he intended, and asks several questions about it, easily inferred from my replies below. I had a similar experience some years ago, thru the mistake of one of the largest and best seed firms in Ohio. The seed looks alike and costs the same, and there is no temptation to substitute. In my case it resulted in 18 acres of common red and 18 acres of mammoth side by side, giving a good chance for comparison.

I. If the first crop is plowed under, the mammoth gives more humus and. doubtless, more nitrogen, having a much ranker top growth. 2. As a feed jrop it is not so good, especially on rich ground, where it lodges badly and is apt to rot underneath. 3. As a seed crop the mammoth must be treated differently from the common red. It blossoms much later. There are two ways to secure a seed crop: Pasture it until June 1 to 10 or mow it about June 10, and let it lie as a fertilizer, and in both cases save the seed from the crop that grows thereafter. As a rule it thus yields more seed per acre than the common red.

Alsike Clover. - Quite a number of the farmers in my region, including myself, have for a few years been sowing alsike clover with the common red, and their experience has been like mine, which I give here: I mix about 1 qt. of alsike to 3 or 4 qt. of common red and 4 qt. of timothy per acre. Our this-year's crop is nearly all alsike and timothy, and is fully ready to cut now June 16, except the timothy. We cut ours, only six acres, June 11 and 12. No rain for 11 days previously, and' barometer and weather bureau indicated continued drouth. "Cut your clover," said my wife, "and you'll break the drouth; you always do!" So, June

II. as I left for Cleveland and conditions seemed drouthy, I told the men to begin mowing just before noon and keep on till night if the weather seemed right. They began as told and a pouring local shower of small area came and gave us 0.26 inch of rain, and thunder and lightning most of the afternoon threatened more rain. Friday the 1.2th looked dry and the barometer said dry, so we mowed the rest and tedded it all. Saturday we again tedded and raked it all. We drew in a part of it as soon as it was fit, and cocked the rest. At 11 P. M. a thunder storm, preceded by fierce, tornado-like wind, blew the cocks all down flat and wet them with over an inch of rain before Sunday night. Monday was cloudy and did not dry the rain from the standing grass. Today, the 16th, is fine, drying weather and the men are spreading, tedding and raking it and drawing in all they can. Well, we got the rain, anyway!

Osage Orange Hedges. - My good friend Prof. W. F. Massey, in a recent contemporary, denounces these hedges in unqualified terms, and probably a majority of the farmers south of 40 degs. north latitude will agree with him. But I simply know that, with my soil and climate, it is my ill ea pest and best fence. I have 2'L> miles Of it and my next neighbor has more than 3 miles of it. It should be kept down to 1 1 ... foot high and 2 feet w ide. Then it does not exhaust the soil or throw up suckers, or take so much time to prune it. per rod. as it tioes to renair and rebuild a galvanized wire fence, which of late years will not turn stock more than four or five years. Then as to cost: The first cost is almost nothing but labor, and a hedge properly grown and pruned from the first is constantly improving, while any other fence is constantly, rapidly and ruinously deteriorating and costin<* money for repairs. I have about 150 rods of wire and board and wire fence where I can not have hedge, and for the past 30 years the average annual cost of repairing and renewing this has been greater than that of growing and pruning the entire 800 rods of hedge.

I am convinced that in the near future in the United States, as already in England, our fences must be mainly live fences. Suitable fence-posts are becoming scarce and enormously expensive. The Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture estimates the annual fence-post bill for a single state, Iowa, at $1,250,-

000, and urges the growing of posts. Why not grow the whole fence? Some of my hedges are now nearly 50 years old an excellent yet. Where they are kept down, as they should be and as mine are in the main, and pruned three times in the year, I can prune and have often pruned 300 rods in ten

.hours. Where not kept down it is hard work. Let no lazy man plant hedge! But the common objections to hedge fence remind me, always, of the man who "didn't comb his hair but once a month and then it 'most killed him!" Our beards must be shaved, our hair cut, and our hedges pruned. - W.

Cover Crops After Corn

What kind of crop could I grow in corn to plow down after corn is husked? Farmers say that crimson clover will not grow here. - J. Q., Transfer, Pa.

It is rather hard to suggest any plant that will make much growth in the corn during summer to plow under after the corn is cut. The best plant for that purpose is undoubtedly the Southern cow pea. But whether this would thrive in the cool summer nights you probably have in Mercer County is a question. Crimson clover would be an excellent crop but will not make a very heavy fall growth. But it would make an excellent winter cover to plow under in the spring if it would stand your winters. Sown as late as you would cease corn cultivation in Mercer County, the cow peas would probably make not more than eight or ten inches of growth if they succeeded at all. That is if your summer nights are not too cool for them. They have succeeded in Ashtabula County, Ohio, but if I am not wrong that is a lower elevation than yours. The question is one that only actual experiment can decide. Hence I would suggest that just before the last cultivation you sow half a bushel per acre of Whippoorwill peas, and immediately after the last working, and while the soil is fresh, sow 12 pounds of crimson clover seed per acre. Ordinarily, further south, the peas would probably grow so rank that they would smother the clover, but in your section I rather expect that both might make a fair growth, and while not making a very heavy crop to turn under after corn cutting there will be enough to pay for the expense. Or you might try peas on one part alone and crimson clover on another part alone and decide which is the better for your purpose. - W. F. Massey, Wicomico Co.. Md.

Cutting Mammoth Clover For Seed

In the May 23 issue of the Ohio Farmer E. B. J. is advised to cut mammoth clover for seed when nearly all of the heads have turned brown. My experience shows that if cut at that time the seed would be very much shrunken and nearly worthless. I find that it is better not to cut until the clover is ripe, which Is not until the earliest heads have begun to shell a little, unless the stand is very uneven. Many times we do not pasture or clip, but about the time the clover is budding, we rub it down with a pole about 25 feet long, driving the same way the machine will go when the seed is cut. The heads all turn up and are cut. leaving the long straw on the ground. 1 have seen stalks at least two feet long on the ground after the seed was cut. We use a side-delivery windrower on a 6-foot mower, and if the straw is heavy, we leave it in the windrow until we are ready to thresh. - Orville Ensign, Defiance Co., O.

The time for cutting for seed requires judgment. While early cutting will undoubtedly cause many seeds to shrink, it is doubtful if late cutting will not lose even more seed by shelling. We should like to hear from others who have tried Mr. E.'s plan of dragging down clover before cutting. If heavy rains come after the clover is thus dragged down, Isn't there danger of the straw rotting and destroying the entire crop? The danger of prolonged rains at that season is slight, but it is the only objection to what seems like a very good system of handling seed clover and we would like a full discussion from those who have given it a trial. - The Editors.

-tide made of . little knowlt as a culvert, wn in Fig. 28. made of twoinch plank, as shown in Fig. 30. This form, as will be noticed by dimensions given on drawing, is smaller at one end than the other. This diminishing stops press instantly. FOOT BUTTON BLOCK DROPPER, drops right time and right place. Keturns automatical It. ''New Idea1* feeder^ no plav or lost motion and no rolls to run through. When you start up with an Ohio Power Press t'je work goes right along. No Chance for breakage and no repair bills. No question but that it Is the press of durability. - peed and economy. Send for catalog and Investigate. r of a quarter of an inch per foot, together with smooth oiled outside surface, makes the mold easy to remove after the concrete has become hard, which is about three weeks after the work has been done.

The concrete bottom is first placed, then the form, whose small end must always be up stream and the planks placed with grain up, is laid on the bottom concrete and the form covered with concrete. The thickness should be one-third the width of the opening, viz., a culvert one foot wide should have four inches of concrete all around the form. This concrete should consist of one part Portland cement, three parts sand and four parts aggregates from pea to walnut size. To cheapen the cost, two parts of large aggregates may be safely added. The concrete may be covered with soil immediately following the concreting, but no vehicle should pass o\ sr it for eight or ten days.

In removing the form, hitch a team to the large end by means of iron rod placed across the inside of form where auger hole is indicated on drawing, and tap small end with heavy sledge or hammer. For wide culverts, see Fig. 29. much concrete can be saved by placing half-inch iron rods in the lop of the culvert as indicated by broken line. W ith rods spaced 8 inches, a culvert 6 feet wide requires but 8 inches of concrete, the rods l>eing placed two Inches above the plank form and six inches below the top surface t>f the concrete. Rods should extend several inches beyond the width of the culvert at each end. It is not advisable to remove forms with team as above described, from culverts over three foot wide: however, with forms made of surfaced lumber and painted with harvester machine oil before con- ( roting. I have used a team on forms up to four feet square. - Haman Glock.

Hour

On oar wonderful new Daisy UiLK-TUKEADIXG, self-feeding, one-horse hay press.: it is the only one on the market on which one man can do all the work. This first successful self-threading device - greatest time saver ever. Condenser mud open bars on bale

Tankage the cheapest and best ferttllter for Wheat and the permanent enrichment of all soils. Supplies Nitrogen, Phosphoric Acid and Potash: makes Hamin. Sold and guaranteed under the State laws regulating sale of commercial fertilizers. Samples mailed on r* qnesV Agents wanted. American deduction Co. of Plttsbsrrgk, Pltt.-horch. Ps.

To Tell th« Soundness of Timber. - The soundness of timber can be ascertained by placing the ear close to one end of the timber while another person strikes a number of sharp blows v>n tbe opposite end, using a hammer or mallet. If the stick is sound the blows will sound clear, but if the sound is dull it 1» an indication that there are flaws or unsound spots in the timber. - R.

Accounts are plentiful of people who have bought baskets of fruit said to hold a half bushel, only to find afterwards that they did not hold the quantity they were supposed to contain. This causes distrust and vexation on the part of the buyer, and he is liable to look up a new man from whom to buy next time. Such packages should always be sold by the basket or crate, and not by the bushel or gallon, when they do not contain it. Or, perhaps, better still, the packages should be weighed, and sold at so much for so many pounds.

Packing fruit so that it will not be mashed or bruised is another item worthy of note, especially in the case of cherries or berries, which are of necessity ripe and soft when picked. One should always use care that the proper fillers are put in between the layers of baskets so that those underneath will not be mashed into a pulp. It certainly must be disappointing to the buyer to purchase a crate of such fruit that looks nice on top, and find the bottom half "mangled past recognition."

There are many varieties of fruit that can and should be picked and marketed a day or two before it gets ripe and mellow, as in the case of peaches or pears. I remember talking to one of our grocers during the peach season, who said he had turned away a load of peaches which he needed badly, because they had been left on the trees until they were ripe and mellow, and by the time they were hauled to town they were so badly mashed as to be nearly w»«-tniess. That man had n^^y to give his peaches away in order to get rid of hauling them home again. Had they "been handled a little sooner this loss would not have occurred.

Occasionally one finds good buying customers that want their fruit a little green or over-ripe, or extra selects, or small-sized fruits for canning or butters, as the case may be, and I have always found it profitable to fill these orders if possible just as ordered, or else not fill them at all, letting the fellow who has just the grade wanted fill it. One good customer frequently wants a basket of fruit for eating.and likes rather green specimens in the bottom, and ripe on top so that they ripen about as fast as he can eat them.

Selling a basket of fruit is a good tieal like selling a horse, in that if it is a number one good article in firstclass shape, the seller can have the "backbone" to stand up and ask a decent price for it, and get it too. It never pays to ask exhorbitant prices, even tho the quality of goods offered is fine, but more sales will be made at reasonable prices all the time. When we go to the grocery and buy a dozen cakes of soap or tomatoes or other goods in cans, we expect every one in the box to be alike and of even grade and size, and if found otherwise we would be ready to kick, and justified, too, perhaps; and the same rule will apply to those of us who pack and sell the products of our farm. It pays me to look well to the even grade in packing, as well as the other point I have mentioned, and I can hold my customers too, when they know that every peach or prune in the basket is guaranteed to be good, and all of even size and grade, clear to the bottom of the baskets. All fruits should be carefully picked and handled so as not to be bruised, and all specked or knotty fruit thrown out. Such stuff does not usually measure much anyway, and a few specimens will spoil a lot of good, and make it look mighty common too, and sell at a cut price, because the buyer sees he must buy it at a price at which he can afford to sort and grade it himself. The culls had better he left at home, and that which is marketable put into two grades, and sold at a price in keeping with the grade. - S. W. Burlingame, Noble Co., O.

"For the Land's Sake use Bowker's Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and those who till it. Est. 1873. For prices or agencies address Bowker, Cincinnati."

We are forming a club in the State of Ohio among farmers and their helpers who wear overalls and working pants. We want your name and address so that we can send you full information. It will cost yon nothing to join and you get a handsome button free of charge and other benefits which will make it worth your while to send to us for full particulars.

are sought for by hundreds of thousands of farmers in every part of the country who know from experience that they are the best made, longest - wearing, easiestfitting working clothes in the world. If you are not already wearing Sweet-Orr Overalls, you owe it to yourself to try a pair at once. If you try one pair you will never want to buy anything else. If you can not buy them in your own town, write us at once and we will send you samples and prices so that you can order thru the mail.

are also the best thine in their line. If you have not worn Sweet- Orr Corduroy Trousers you do not know what a real good pair of Corduroys is like. Auk your dealer to order them for you. Some dealers do not handle them. They claim they wear too long, thus reducing a dealer's profit. We don't think this will be any objection to you. Shall we send samples?

. For tho cost of a good horse you can Install an engine that will do twice the work - at >a the coet. It eata no (odder, doesn't . 'getsick.ciinbe moved wherever you wlah, la alwaya ready-eager (or business. The

Is an ideal farm power for pumping water, operating saws, feed cutters and grinders - anything to which abelt can be attached. I It cuts out drudsery, makes life more worth living. Bend for prices and our brand-new. Illustrated circular; and learn why the "Star" is a money maker and minute economizer.

H_^4r*rj$&k£A%^pT&c5fuTiie yar3 you desire, and re- Turns automatically. No necessity of having a manure pile near the door, always in the road. The Louden Litter Carrier is made of heavy steel; the water-tight box can be raised or lowered. Can be used for carrying anything that needs carrying around the barn. Without a doubt the greatest labor saver on the up-to-date farm. Prices - low enough for one to be on every farm. Valuable Manure Book and catalogue Free. Also full line of Hay Carriers, Tracks, Slings, Forks, Stackers, Bickers and Flexible Door Hangers.

Best Materials

Stock sizes: 10. 12 and 14 ft. Extra sizes to order. Delivered to your nearest railroad station if in Central States, for $3.50, cash with your order.

Frost Heavy Wek.Iit

for farmers' needs, the most satisfactory and. substantial - and the cheapest, are FROST HEAVY WEK.IIT KNOCKER DOWN and WOVEN WIRE FENCES. Catalogue free.

Stays Put

throughout. Galvanizing perfect and intact. No boards required - top or bottom. Tight enough for chicks, strong enough to corral largest stock.

J. F. Keller'S Hogs

The illustration on page 1, this issue, shows forty-three head of purebred and cross-bred hogs, fed and sold from Lindenwaid potato farm. The mother stock were all pure-bred Poland-Chinas. Some were mated to Berkshire, some to Duroc-Jersey and others to pure Poland-China boars, so we had a valuable object lesson in the results with the various strains of feeding stock.

The pigs were farrowed in March and April, last year, were given our usual good care and passed the weaning stage a remarkably uniform healthy bunch of shoats, only two of the hunch failing to keep up a normal growth. The only concentrate fed was a moderate ration of ship-stuff slop, up to potato-digging time. As is our usual custom we provided a good clover pasture, clear drinking water, and access to a combination of salt and ashes; also a dark, cool, paved stable, for a mid-day retreat from heat and flies.

I have no exact figures to offer as to relative amount of gain per feed consumed, but feel fully justified in saying that twice the amount of feed would have been required to produce the gain had no clover been provided. I do not think any other stock would have turned the clover to as good account as did the hogs, altho they were sold at the seemingly low price t»f 4yL,c per lb., on toot.

5(i lb. of shorts and it was all" well beaten together and served as a slop of moderate consistency. This new ration seemed to hasten growth and added to the condition of flesh and health of the stock, as was shown in the smooth, glossy coat of hair. While the class of potatoes fed represented no commercial value, we think that by combining with clover and shorts they were worth at least one-half their weight in grain concentrates; and wjiile the price of hogs was low, and most farmers claimed a loss on hog feeding last year, we think we made considerable clear money on this bunch. On account of their good breeding and quality they proved our most attractive sellers in a long time.

They were finished on corn and sold ft! an average weight of 245 lb., at 9 months old, on the average. There was no striking difference in the growth of any particular breeding of this bunch. The pure Polands were a little to the good in weight, while quality for slaughter was in favor of the Berkshire-Poland cross-breds. We think Berkshire sows mated to Poland- China boars make a splendid farm market hog. Berkshire sows are usually prolific breeders, careful mothers, good sticklers, and their pigs strong and active, and less liable to accident and disease in the danger period - the first two weeks following birth. - J. F. Keller, Licking Co., O.

Rape In The Production Of Mutton

There are very few forage crops which are of more value to the average middle -western farmer - flockmaster than rape. It is equally valuable to the man with ten or twelve sheep and to the one with one thousand. As a factor in the economical production of mutton when used with certain crops, it can not be overestimated. Then, its use to the hog raiser Is not to be despised. But its use in the finishing of range and tdher lambs is the particular purpose of this article. When sowed alone in the spring, it makes great feed to turn the newly-weaned lambs on. Personally we have never had any experience with ewes and the plant, yet lambs so handled always se°m to make great gains, especially those of the thick which are poor and scrubby. However, the growing and use of the plant when sowed with corn, shows its great value to the sheepman. Sow at the last cultivation of the corn. The amount of seed varies with the fertility and general condilicn of the soil, four to six pounds of the Dwarf Essex variety being sown to the acre. We use what is locally known as a "fiddle" seeder in preference to broadcasting by hand. Some writers speak of sowing on horseback, which seems like a good idea tho we have never tried it.

Our greatest profits have always come from range lambs, as the nativebred never do so well. Cutting the corr by hand does not break the rape down as much as the corn-binder does, tho it does not pay to hesitate in using the latter on that account. As soon as tne corn is in shock it is well to nun the lambs into the field. Three years ago we turned in before it wa3 in shock with the result that so many of the native lambs began to nibble so much corn and to get the scours so badly that it ate into the profits very seriously. Very few Western lambs died on our hands, altho they got the same treatment. Always fill well on grass before letting the flock on the rape. Some time ago there was some discussion as to the amount of fertility which the crop removes from the soil. This would surely be offset by the amount of manure left by the sheep. Weather conditions govern the length of time they may be left on pasture, but it is usually from six to eight weeks. As soon as winter closes in and makes it impossible to keep them out longer they are shut up, placed on full feed and fatted off as soon as possible. That is our method.

Some four or five years ago we sowed an entire 40-acre field. Owing to the fact that the 250 natives were bought here and there, we were unable to keep accurate tab on their gains. At the same time 640 Westerns, averaging 49 pounds, were turned in, and two months later they were weighed out at 69 pounds. The natives did nearly as well, yet to be entirely fair, we_eslimated their gain at 15 pounds much cheaper at that time than at present. Counting sheep at $6 (we got more) the rape on that field returned $1.9 per acre. The corn was worth from $20 to $23 per acre, so, together the two crops returned about $40 per acre. As a rule, the feeding of lambs on dry feed is profitable and only adds to the returns from the rape. However, on account of this, don't be influenced to plunge into the wholesale raising of rape, as a little experience is almost absolutely necessary, while the market is apt to he flighty. Yet, when rightly managed, rape, when sown in corn, can be turned into a source of great profit to almost any sheepman. - Clyde A. Waugh, Wood Co., O.

A Larger 1908 International

The board of directors of the International Live Stock Exposition, at a recent meeting, decided to extpnd the time of the next International, making the date from November 28 to December 10, ]90S The classification will be tiie same as last year, except for a few minor changes, as follows: Polled Durham cattle will be given a junior and senior classification. Carcass classes will be judged on hoof as well as on the block. Shetland ponies will be given a special classification.

A few other important changes were made as follows: Additional special inducements will be offered to exhibitors in short-fed special classes. The Hampshire-Down, Dorset and Lincoln sheep were given increased appropriations. All sales of pure-bred sheep will be conducted under the auspices of the different registry associations: consignments to be accepted only from International exhibitors. In the future, the number of entries will be limited to three head in any one of ram, and to four in any one of the ewe i lasses; animals brought in excess of this number will be placed in such pens as the superintendent of the sheep department may designate. In th" student judging contests, it was decide 1 to hEve but one team from each agricultural college take part and go thru the entire work of judging, instead of two, one for horses, J and another for cattle, hogs and sheep. ' as in the past. Entries in carload classes will close November 21, one week prior to the opening date of the show, and the animals must be in 1 piace not later than noon, Saturday. Nov. 2S. The animals exhibited will be judged on the following Tuesday, and remain on exhibition until Dec. 3.

Is very careful about her churn. She scalds it thoroughly after using, and gives it a sun bath to swfeeten it. She knows that if her '-burn is sour it will taint the butter that is made in it. The stomach is a churn. In the stomach and digestive and nutritive tracts are performed processes which are almost exactly like the churning of butter. Is it not apparent yaen that if this stomach-churn is foul it Aakes foul all which is put into it?

The evil of a foul stomach is not alone the bad taste in the mouth and the foul breath caused by it, but the corruption ol tho pure current of blood and the dissemination of disease throughout tho body. Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery makes the sour and foul stomach sweet. It does for the stomach what the washing and sun bath do for the churn - absolutely removes every tainting or corrupting element. In this way it cures blotches, pimples, eruptions, scrofulous swellings, sores, or open eating ulcers and all humors or diseases arising from bad blood.

If you have bitter, nasty, foul taste in your mouth, coated tongue, foul breath, are weak and easily tired, feel depressed and despondent, have frequent headaches, dizzy attacks, gnawing or distress in stomach, constipated or irregular bowels, sour or bitter risings aficr eating and poor appetite, these symptoms, or any considerable number of them, indicate that you are suffering from biliousness, torpid or lazy liver with the usual accompanying indigestion, or dyspepsia and their attendant derangements.

cj7mbiiie'fTr,~l)ii EifircEls Golden AJcAiciit Discovery^, rhat. this is absolutely true will be readily proven to your satisfaction if you will but mail a postal card request to Dr. R. V. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.. for a free copy of his booklet of extracts from the standard medical authorities. gi\ ing -WMaaakba i£_al] the ingredients entering into his world-famea an<j showing what the most eminent medical man of the age say of them.

Every bottle of Canetlc Bnbnm sold Warranted to (five satistartioii. Price SM..»0 per bottle. Bold by druirir' ts. or sent by express, charges |>aid. with full direction,* for its use. Send tor descriptive circulars, testimonials, etc. Address

Is the boat remedy for lameness. Very penetrating. Tuk*'- out sort'iif*** - Removes bunches - Strengthen* weak parts - A mild blister wtaeu applied freely - Never scars.

ly cured bv Bickmore'? Gall Also Harness Galls.Cuts and Sores on horses and cattle. Guaranteed good for man and beast. Sample and new horse book inc. » IICIM0RE CAll CURE CO., * 801 517 OLD TOWN, MAINE ,

Chlorqnapth Oleum

Cures mange, scab, etc., ard makes thrifty live stock and poultry where regularly used. Best of all coal-tar creosotic dips, because made for fifteen years by expert chemists in scientific laboratories; tested in making, proved by use, and guaranteed standard in every gallon.

Recommended as a dip for all live stock and general disinfectant by the agricultural experiment stations of various States and permitted by the V. S. Government for the official dipping of sheep for scab.

Antiseptic and healing as a wash and dressing for all wounds, wire cuts, collar galls, sores, dehoming, castration, etc. Has a hundred uses on every farm.

Prices: I gal. (which makes 100 gallons of dip and disinfectant) $1.50; 5 gal. S6.75: 10 gal. $12.50. Quotations on quantity furnished promptly. Send us your order direct and give us name of your dealer.

"AfaliTig Slack Healthy find Keeping Them So*1 is a scientific, but practical work on the methods of prevention and cure of all germ diseases in every kind of farm stock, poultry, etc. Sent free on request.

- even bud old case* that skilled doctor* 1 hine abundoned. Easy and simple; do cutting, just a little attention every fifth dn> - and your money refunded If It tier full*. Cures most cnnes within thirtv daya. leaving the horse sound and Hiuooth. Ail particulura given in will clean them off, and you wort the horse same nine Doe-* not Mister or remove the hair. Will tell joti mora if you write, jC'.is) per bottle, delivered. Book t-0 free.

Milk Oi 1 I >ip trr H ogs.l'attle .in d S !-ecp : I > ;>- pin? Tanks. Hooks, etc : Branding Liquid, Shears and Shearing M achines : K a r Tags and Buttons :Tattoo Markers. Branding Irons. etc : Summers Worm Powders, Toxaline Worm Cure, Poultry Remedies, etc. Tank, nt < ..*t tn buyors of Dip. Send lor Fri»e Catalog. F. S. BURCH & CO., 1 77 Illinois St.. CHICAGO

Feeding Work Horses

In issue of April 11, in answer to query as to choice of feeds for horses in connection with timothy hay and rye straw, the advice was given to teed oats and mill feed, and then the general statement volunteered that oats is the best feed and corn about the poorest grain for working horses. The advice to give some other grain in connection with the hays named besides corn was well founded, but it is the general statement regarding corn and oats that seems to me to call for some comment.

The feeding standard for working horses has changed since later investigations have established that muscular exertion does not break down muscular tissue as was formerly believed. Under that belief it was logical to advise heavy feeding of protein to working horses. Oats and wheat bran supplied that in larger amount than corn, hence were considered better horse feeds. It is now known that muscular exertion is at the expense of carbon consumption, as is the production of power in the engine. Power is produced from protein consumption because it contains carbon, not because it contains nitrogen as was formerly thought. There are other uses for protein in the body, so a purely carbonaceous ration is not sufficient for the horse, as not for any other animal. Corn, however, is not a purely carbonaceous feed as has come to be believed by some because it is so frequently referred to as a carbonaceous feed. That reference when intelligently made means only that corn contains an excess of carbohydrates for young animals and those producing milk.

Of 1,000 lb. of digestible nutrients in corn 79 are protein while 'of oats 92 are protein, hence oats is a better feed for growing colts or other young animals, but the total digestible nutrients in the 1,000 lb. of corn is 789 while of oats it is only 607. nence 1,000 lb. t>f corn contains as much digestible rj|aterial as 1,400 lb. of oats. Under modern understanding corn" has more neaily the correct nutritive ratio for the Working horse than oats. In actual practice a pound of ear corn is found to be the equivalent of a pound of oats when mixed hay with a nutritive ratio about the same as corn is fed with it. This makes ear corn at 68 cents a bushel as cheap as oats at 32 cents a bushel.

Knowing of the popular prejudice against corn and in favor of oats for horses and being convinced of the great loss to horsemen from this erroneous belief, because I had seen horses fed upon corn all my life, I induced the Ohio Experiment Station to undertake some investigation along this line. Accordingly last spring one horse in each of three teams was put upon corn and the other upon oats as the grain feed, and mixed hay given in connection. The teamsters prophesied that when hot weather came on the corn-fed horses would not stand the work, that they would sweat worse and succumb to the heat. A bulletin is soon to be published giving records of weights and notes upon the condition of horses, but I may say here that the corn-fed horses at no time suffered any disadvantage and it cost about ten cents less per day to feed them.

There are two erroneous beliefs about these grains that cost horsemen tens of thousands of dollars every year. The one is that corn burns horses out and the other is that tots give horses spirit and endurance. Both these beliefs ought to pass with that in witchcraft. The nutritive element producing heat most largely is the one that produces energy most largely, so that it is impossible to feed a horse for large energy production without feeding him heat-producing feeds. It would be as rational to talk about producing energy with a steam engine without putting a fire in it as to talk about feeding a horse for heavy work without feeding him heat-producing feed. That is what he has to have.

Even with timothy hay, corn may be fed as the grain during spring and summer if horses are allowed some grass each day. That will take the place of oil meal, bran and all condiments. I know many people think young grass injurious to working horses. If they have nothing else they will certainly get poor, just as man eating nothing but watermelon while at hard work would do, but a little watermelon with pork and beans will keep the man in better health. Let the lvorses have some grass but do not require them to live upon it. When corn gets dry and hard it pays to soak it. This is better I think, and more economical, than to grind it. - H. P. Miller.

There is a limit to the amount of heat-producing feed. You can put too much heat under a boiler and blow it up. Corn is all right lor horse feed if j it is properly balanced. A ratio of 1 to 7 is wide enough for a horse at steady work. That will give him all the heat needed. Mr. Miller says corn is nearer the proper nutritive ratio for j a horse than oats, yet corn is 1 to 10.8, and oats 1 to 6.2. Farmers' Bulletin | No. 22 of the U. S. Department of Ag- 1 riculture gives the standard for horses in heavy work as follows per 1,000 lb. weight: Total dry matter, 26 lb.; protein, 2.5 lb.; carbohydrates, 13.3 lb.; | fat, 0.8 lb.; fuel value, 32,750 calories. This standard has a nutritive ratio of one to six. It would be impossible to j combine corn with mixed or timothy hay to form a mixture of this ratio as both are wider, the best mixed hay being 1 to 7.5 and corn being 1 to 10.8. Mr. Miller says corn is the equivalent of oats when fed with mixed hay, having the same ratio as corn. That would be allowing the work horse a ratio of not less than 1 to 10.8, about what the standards allow for an ox not at work. Supposing we fed mixed hay and corn in equal quantities by weight to a horse of 1,400 lb. He would require about 40 lb. of matter per day, or 20 lb. of hay and 20 lb. of corn. This would give a ratio of 1 to 9.3, and would give 50,859 calories in fuel value or heat units. This is 18,109 calories more than is called for by what Mr. M. evidently considers too narrow a ration. If oats were substituted for corn the ratio jjw*>*u> *"= «'juui i to 6.7 and the fuel value 44,363 calories, still nearly a third more heat units than the old standards call for.

The belief that oats give horses Spirit and endurance may be akin to witchcraft, but horsemen generally will be slow to renounce it. The conclusions drawn from the many experiments with omnibus horses, as recorded in Henry's Feeds and Feeding, are that altho the horses gained in weight when corn was substituted for oats in their ration, "they were less spirited and seemed to lose in energy;" also that "the horses fattened by corn feeding, but the muscular system was not kept strong, and the nervous force of the animals decreased;" again that, "the mortality increased with extensive corn feeding and the horses seemed to wear out much sooner." These experiments were conducted with horses doing steady, hard work, and the tests were carried over a long term of years. The animal body is more than a steam engine. It requires a ration which will maintain all of the energies of the system, besides turning off a certain amount of work. Our statement that oats was the best and corn the poorest feed for horses was meant for exclusive feeding, not for combined or balanced rations. Corn is one of the best, when used with other concentrates, in proper proportion but if only one of the grains is available we should prefer the oats. We do not claim that the standards which were established years ago are absolutely correct and must be followed to the letter. But we do claim that they are reliable guides which can safely be followed until more modern standards have been fully established.

Stocknum itn<l fnrmei> who um- the Cooper Dips have healthier imiuaalh - get more wool and better prices. More than hnlf the elotii and flannel of the world ih made of Cooper dipped woo). Tunktt HUpplijd at cos!, to ti 1 1 un-r» of tlx- Cooper L>ipM.

The leading sheep (lip for (io \enn-. Used on o\ 250 million sheep every year. Kill* ticks, lice, nits and eggs in one dipping. Uoi f not stein the wool but increusOM tin yield and improves tlie (|uulity for all nnimuls. A highly concentrated, nonpoisonous fluid dip of marvelous strength. Mixes readily with cold water, whether hard, blackish, or salty. The only pure liquid di j> - no sediment. Goes farther than Coal Tar dips ami therefore cheaper. Positive remedy for scab, mange, ticks, lico, ringworm, eczema, sores, bites, stings, etc. One gallon make- LHUi gallons for general dipping Or »ili gallons lor disinfecting. Price- Ut. can 60c- Ys gal, can Sl.OU: 1 gal. can $1.7(i; 6 gal. can Sw 50

' A sure remedy for intestinal worms in Horses, Sheep. Tattle and Hogs. These tablets offer the great advantage of correct doses and certain results. Dose - one tablet for lamb or shoat: two for sheep or bogs; three for horses and cattle. Price - 10 iHt.I. ts Wc pi.sipmd: box of 100 til, lets ti.M) postpaid

The most effective skin dressing for Hors - Cattle and Dogs. Cures worst ease of Mange and Ringworm at one dressing. Sear, lies the skin and attacks the disease at its root. Improves the coat and renders hair soft and glossy. Is used by many of the best breeders in pre paring animals forshow caiiK-'I a revolution in tree fprnyintr. These new and scientifically prepared spray fluids stand alone for the absolute destruction of all living insects, cues, funsi, etc. One gallon makes 100 callous of wash. Price - Gallon can, $3.00.

If you live where there is no dealer who can supply yon with the Cooper preparations, order from Wni Cooper & Nephews, 177 Illinois St., Chicago, and deduct 10% from any of above prices (Worm Tablets excepted) for freightaccount. The Kauffman-Lattimer Co.. Columbus. O., Benton, Hall & I Co.. Cleveland. O . The John D. Park & Sons Co., Cincinnati.*) , or Wm. Cooper & Nephews, 177 Illinois St.. Chicago.

apecio. ft vrn . wws ana neirers; mostly Scotch from imported cows 'and bulls. A snap for any farmer that wants to start right cheap. Also bulls, all ages for sale. For catalogs and prices address JOHN GARDEN, RAVENNA, OHIO.

Sired by Lord Crocus, he by Lord Mistletoe (81522), out of Imp. Sweet Crocus, both bred by Wm. Duthie, Collynie, Scotland, Lord Mistletoe sired by the famous Lovat Cliampion (1 4948). Norton Kenney .Columbus Grove.Put.Co. ,0.

CHORTHOKNS, Poland-Chinas, Barred Rocks of ^ best strains. Choice Bull Calves and Spr. Pigs for sale. 1). J. Green ife Gander. Cumberland, Ohio.

T^OT? CAT - Reg. Shorthorns, good milkers: have ^JL' un.LJJ^bone & 6jze. ages Red Bulls and heifer calves, $35. LEESER BROS., Akron, Ohio.

Three coming 1-year Bulls ready for service. Some cows and heifers. Duroc Jcrsey swine, Cotswold and Lincoln sheep.E.lt.Kimey. Adrian, Mich.

! Solid-colored bull calf, eligible to reg. dropped Mar. 17, 1999. Sired byourMelia Ann bull, Village Farm King No. 75690. W. II. PRICE, WOODVILLE. o.

l.Jeglst'd Tarn worth Swine - All ages, best Eng. At' blood. 40 head of young sows bred for fall Order early. K. S. HAWK, Meclianlcsburg. Ohio

T arge Eng. Berkshires - Choice Eng.<fe Atneriean- -Ubred spring pit". either sex, at hard times pricei Write y.,ur wanu. J. .1. MOORE, Apple Creek O

J7>r Sale - Berkshires, reg ; pigs of either sex, whose grandsire was champion at St Louis Fxp'n : from 2 to 4 mo* oldat $5 to $8 each. J. KRANTZ & SONS, Canal Dover Ohio '

H. L. Stewart, R. 6. Tiffin, Ohio

Railroad Fences. - There is a railroad running thru my farm, and the fences I along it are in bad condition so that my stock gets on the track. I have given the railroad company three written notices to fix it. but they pay no attention to it. Subscriber. - R. S. 3324 provides that a railroad company shall build such fence, and R . S. 3325 provides that if a railroad company neglects or refuses to build a fence the landowner may construct the fence, and when he has completed the | same may present an itemized bill for | the work to the agents of the company at the nearest freight station, and if the company neglects or refuses for thirty days to pay the same, the land owner may sue to recover for his work and material. R. S. 3326 provides that if the company does not keep the fences in repair, the owner of the land may notify the agent as before, stating where it is out of repair and the probable cost of repairing the same, and if such railroad company fail for twenty-four hours thereafter to repair the fence, the land owner may repair it and present his bill and sue as provided for in Section 3325. - H. L. S.

- The blood of Col. Gladness No. 13577. The SCOlb. 1st prize aged boi.r Ohio State Fair. ?a good as there is of the breed. Special Prices <n two extra good fall boars. Have all ages, male and female. Aberdeen - Angus Cattle a t plain Farmers' prices. Write your wants. A. E. FOSTER, Camp Chase. Ohio

Durocs - 27 Spr. pigs. Head of herd Ladore Orion 64049, by Chief Orion 51755. H^price while they last. Guaranteed as represented. JLSSE SltiSWORTH.Kipton.O

In order to close out the remaining stock now on hand at ti e SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, so a* to make io..m for another importation early this fall, the finest and best Draft Stallions and Mnr«-s. Belgian and Feroherons, also teams and well matched geldings, suitable for brewery or any heavy work, will be sold at ridiculously low prices to anyone who, in need of such horses, will visit Col. G.W. Crawford's Barns at Newark, O . and select the one he wants hefore the other fellow gets ahead of him. The Sharon ValleySt< ck Farm has imported and sold more stallions and mares (Belgians, Percherons and German Coachers) than any other importing establishrr ent in America. Interested persons will be met at. station if they will phone to

President, James S. Sherman of New York. This is the team that was placed in nomination ly the national Republican convention to head the ticket in the fall election. The nomination of Taft has been

Draetieally assured for some time. His campaign lor m« \1£>. gun many months ago and was given the hearty backing of President Roosevelt ,and the national administration. State delegations have been pledging their support to Taft, in some cases for the past year, and Taft workers have oeen busy everywhere. This was the one feature of the great convention just closed which received any degree of adverse criticism - that the work of nominating the presidential candidate practically all done before the convention was opened. But this crit- icism is not serious as there was a great wave of popularity behind the campaign of Secretary Taft, and it would have been impossible to prevent his nomination except in one way - to have the name of President Roosevelt presented with the President's consent. Probably for the first time In the history of the United States a man has actually had to insist in spite of the most earnest persuasion, that he be placed in nomination for the nation's highest office. President Roosevelt stated at the beginning of the present term, that he would not be a candidate, for renomlnation, and since that time he has repeatedly stated that lie meant what he said, absolutely. In spite of this fact, the immense body of delegates were twice nearly "stampeded" by reference to Roosevelt and his official achievements. This feeling reflected the sentiment of the country in no uncertain way. Thus urged he would seem to have a right to speak his views as to his successor, and his preference lias from the first been for

Taft. and, if elected, Taft will doubtless carry out the general principles laid down by President Roosevelt, at the same time perhaps maintaining a more careful and conservative policy than Roosevelt has in some instances. Roosevelt has opened the way; it is to be hoped that his successor will follow up the advances that he has made against such heavy odds.

William Howard Taft is a fit candidate for the Presidency of this Republic. Very briefly stated his biography is as follows: Born in Cincinnati, O., Sept. 15, 1857; graduated from Yale, 1878; admitted to the bar in Ohio in 1880. Occupied the following public offices in Ohio: Assistant prosecuting attorney, Hamilton County, 1881-82; collector internal revenue First Ohio District, 1882-83; assistant county solicitor Hamilton County, 1885-87; judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati, 1887-90. Solicitor-general of the United States, 1890-92; U. S. circuit judge for Sixth Circuit, 1892-1900; president U. S. Philippines Commission, 1900- 04; first civil governor of the Philippines, July 4, 1901 to Feb. 1, 1904, when he became Secretary of war. He went to Rome in 1.902 as special delegate from the United States to confer with Pope Leo XIII regarding the purchase of lands held by Roman Catholic orders. In August and September, 1906, he was in Cuba as special representative of the United States' intervention on account of the Cuban revolution then going on. Sept., 1907, he sailed for the Philippines where he attended the opening of the Philippine congress. Continuing from there he completed the trip around the world. He had a private audience with the Emperor of Japan in October, 1907; delivered an important address on world peace in St. Petersburg, Dec. 3; arrived in New York in December. Since that, time he has been sent on a mission to Panama to straighten out affairs there. As a diplomat and a peacemaker he is one of the world's best men. His presence seems to act as a lubricant for affairs, governmental or economic, and his genial disposition and good, sound sense always back up his strong convictions. He is intellectual, he is serene, he is patient, he is kind and considerate; but above all he is truthful and courageous - always courageous. By his experience in public life he is well trained and eminently well fitted for the high post to which he has been nominated. We say this without regard to his partisanship in politics but because he is a great man, a man of whom Ohio and the Nation may consistently feel proud.

The selection of Congressman James S. Sherman of New York as the candidate for Vice President, is by some not regarded as a strong move. He is not widely known as a man of marked ability or as one specially fitted to fill his chief's place at the head of the Nation should dire calamity place him there as it did Theodore Roosevelt. And yet he may be just such a man tho not widely known as such. He is known however, as a hater of all fraud whether in butter or in jewelry, and has been prominent in our pure food legislation.

It praises Roosevelt unstintedly for enforcing; the laws, prosecuting: trusts, punishing evil-doers, killing: railway discriminations and regulating rates, settling labor disputes, bettering the condition of laborers, conserving and Improving our natural resources. Improving inland waterways and making life, liberty and property safer and more enjoyable. It lauds the past achievements of the party In saving the I'nlon. freeing the slave, vastly developing our resources and increasing our wealth, and more recently in preventing threatened panic, restoring prosperity, protecting and temporarily expanding our currency, and providing for similar and more permanent work in the future. It favors tariff revision, but in such ways only as shall protect American Industry. It favors postal savings banks for convenience and to encourage thrift. It favors further railroad rate legislation and the enlargement of the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It favors n constitutional cmployers'-llabllity law. safety appliances, shorter hours of labor in railroad, telegraph and similar service, arbitration In Interstate cases, and the elevation of the wage-earning classes It favors forbidding temporary Injunctions without due notice, "except where irreparable injury would result from delay. In which case a speedy hearing thereafter should be granted." It favors wise legislation for the farming class and "points with pride" to rural delivery, development of agricultural resources, and better country roads. It declares itself the consistent friend of the Negro for over 50 years, and condemns disfranchisement and all unfairness because of color. It favors a navy in peace sufficient for sudden war, and the extension of commerce especially to "our twenty sister American republics," and therefore favors reviving our merchant marine. It "points with pride" also to our part in the Hague conferences in favor of world-wide peace. It favors a liberal pension policy; the maintenance and improvement of our civil service laws; a new bureau - of Mines and Mining; a liberal policy towards all our dependencies; the proper celebration of a "Lincoln Centenary" Feb. 12, 1909 ;the admission of New Mexico and Arizona as States; increased efficiency in guarding the public health. And in conclusion it contrasts the two great parties, in history, experience and principle, in a way wholly complimentary to the Republican party! It may perhaps be said that the platform would have been stronger as a declaration of principles and policies if it had been weaker in self-praise.

Washington, another fight is developing between the dairymen of the country and the oleomargarine manufacturers. It seems that the manufacturers are trying to escape the government mark of inspection on oleomargarine packages, which the U. S. Department of Agriculture insists should appear there. The Department of Agriculture maintains that oleomargarine is a meat product and therefore each package should bear the inspection mark as provided for under the national pure food law-; that the papers in which the pound prints of oleomargarine are wrapped are "containers" of meat products and must bear the regulation mark. The oleo manufacturers maintain that the wrappers are not true containers and that in compelling them to use the inspection mark the department is subjecting them to useless trouble and expense. Upon re- r,f thp oleo m an u fact u re rs a hearing was arranged for on June 25 before Secretary Wilson and Chief Melvin of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The contention of the oleo men shows that they still desire the unwary housekeeper to buy their product as butter. They have always squirmed under the government requirements that their product should be stamped to show what it is and that it should be sold under its true name. To argue that the papers in which the prints are wrapped are not true containers is foolish. The spirit of the pure food law is to stamp food packages so that the final purchaser shall know their true and legal contents and be assured, by the government stamp that they are all right. In this case the wrapper is the container because it is the package in which the product reaches the consumer. If it is not a "true container" let the manufacturers provide one that is and then stamp it properly according to law. The dairymen must be on their guard. Secretary Wilson should not yield an inch.

The Ohio Experiment Station

My duties as a member of the Board of Control (Trustees) of the Station required me to make, with the Director and the other members of the Board, a somewhat careful inspection of the field work at one sub-station, in Strongsville and at the central Station in Wooster. June 17. Next month we shall similarly Vlalt the other sub-stations. We met at Strongsville. Cuyahoga Co.. on the Cleveland and# Southwestern traction line, from the north and the south at about 9:30. Director Thome took us in at the north side of the farm by a dilapidated entrance thru a forlorn fence, past a forlorn orchard, and pasture land of "poverty grass" and thin hluegrass. unpastured because the feed would not pay for the fencing! The land Is a thin shale clay, in past ages covered by the shallow waters of Lake Erie. Which is now about 12 miles distant In « direct line due north.

The soli Is about as poor as any that can be found in northern Ohio. It has most of It been used for pasturing cattle and sheep for nearly 100 years, until It Is not worth over about $1 per acre per year for that purpose. The problem for the Station there was to learn whether, and If so. how, such land can he made to yield paying crops to the farmers. The farm of about ISO acres was rented at j:l per acre per year for a term of years, which expires In 1909.

A considerable part of the land, which has a good slope for the purpose, has been tiled about two rods apart, the owner and the Station each paying one-half of the cost, and the poverty grass and bluegrass turf was broken up and a rotation was begun with corn. oats, wheat, clover and timothy, and with various means and methods of fertilizing. This year we found something like 40 teres in these crops, and all of these that had had lime and phosphorus liberally in some form were excellent. This year is the first year of really good clover. The lesson of all the plots is clear and striking to the effect that big yields and paying ones of all these crops can be grown by tile drainage and a liberal combined use of lime and acid phosphate or some other form of phosphoric acid. Where both were used, the oats, wheat, clover, and clover and timothy were far above the average yield for Ohio, the oats promising 50 bushels per acre, the wheat 25 to 30 bushels, or more, the clear clover and the timothy and clover mixed promising over two tons. Both the common red and that mixed with alsike showed as strong and heavy a stand as one could wish to see, as did the wheat and oats, tho none of them were so tall as on the more fertile and more sandy loams of Stark and Wayne and other southerly counties.

Director Thorne declares his belief, based on these experiments, that, by tile drainage and the liberal use of lime, and of phosphorus in commercial fertilizers with or without nitrogen and potash, the thinnest, most infertile of our shale clay soils in Ohio can be made to yield abundant paying crops, above cost of drainage and fertilizers, and that such, soils in northeastern Ohio, most of which are much better than that of this Strongsville farm, are about the cheapest lands in the State and in the United States, at the prices they are offered at. Th'e lease on this land expires next spring, the owner does not wish to lease it again, and the last Legislature failed to appropriate for its purchase. It would be a shame to stop these experiments now, for they grow more and more instructive and helpful year by year to the farmers of this part of the State. The farmers should see to it that the next Legislature makes the needed appropriation for its purchase. All plots will be cut separately and the tons and bushels per acre exactly given in a bulletin.

To study even the plot experiments at the' main Station at Wooster. with real care and satisfaction, would require a full day. We spent about three hours in the afternoon in a carriage with Director Thorne to explain. The lessons of these plots are much the same as at Strongsville, tho the Wooster soil has far more total available fertility naturally. The most interesting and profitable plot experiments are on fertility maintenance and increase and those on varieties of seed - wheSt, oats. etc. In general these show that, on the rich Wooster soil as well as on the poor Strongsville soil, drainage, lime and phosphorus pay abundantly and that in proper rotation nitrogen and potash hardly pay at all except when used with phosphorus. The Rothamsled experiments on continuous cropping with wheat and no manure (at Wooster) show that soil exhaustion is far more rapid thus than in a wise rotation with clover as one factor. The tendency to Hessian fly and to other pests, too. is stronger under continuous cropping. It seems impossible to keep out growths of the flat-stemmed bluegrass (poa compressa) and of the wild morning glory. Further, where wheat after wheat is grown for 15 years, with no fertilizer, the plots indicate this year only 5 or 6 bushels per acre as against 15 or more near by under rotation with no fertilizer.

The reason why phosphorus pays better than the other two elements seems to be because for many years we have been selling and shipping that element in grain, mill feed. etc.. and in the bones of animals, in much larger proportion than the other two elements, while potash seems very abundant In our glaciated clayeysoils, aiid Is easily made available by the use of lime; ami nitrogen is cnlainel more cheaply by growing the clovers and the other legumes.

As to rotation: On another field of rather "new" land, most of it cleared from the forest some 10 to 15 years ugo. and where there is a three-year rotation of potatoes wheat and clover, the unfertilized plots for the last 5 years have shown an average yield of lfiO bushels per acre of Carman No. 3 potatoes and of SO to 35 bushels per acre of Fultz wheat, with very heavy growth of clover. Under the same circumstances the plots treated with complete fertilizers have, for the same period, yielded from 200 to 300 bushels per acre of Carman No. 3 potatoes and from 45 up to 55 bushels per acre of Fultz wheat.

The variety tests of wheat, oats. etc.. under the same treatment as to fertilizer-, are instructive. While the Wooster Station's purpose Is not to show model farming, yet It really does that. In these tests, for the very maximum of yields for each variety consistent with safetv from lodging is obtained, and at the largest net profit. The average yields are far more than double the average of the state.

The yield of common red clover on some 10 acres then being cut. just hack of the main building, is enormous, 'l b. f cut one acre Into the silo, while green - 13 tons. The plan, as I understand It. Is to feed this in connection with, or mixed with, corn ensilage, to balance tho ration, clover in full bloom having nearly as high a nutritive ratio as wheat and bran, and thus helping to balance the too carbonaceous ratio of the corn ensilage.

Some 60 or more visitors were shown over the grounds In companies the day we were there, and the various experiments were carefully explained by Direc. tor Thorne or some member of his staff. I most strongly advise the farmers to visit the Station, not as mere, ordinary picnic parties (tho home basket-lun< h, * are permitted and places assigned) but for the purpose of seeing and learning what sort of problems the Station la solving for the benefit of the farmers of Ohio and elsewhere. This letter gives but

The magnitude of the work clone and Of its cost to the State and the Nation, may be seen from a few statistics: The land occupied and worked in experiment!" at Wooster, Strongsville, Carpenter and Germantown. is just about an even 1.000 acres. The total number of scientists, experts, foremen and laborers employed for the month ending June 15. 1908. was 110. and the pay roll for the same month was $5,603.83. The total income from tile nation and the State for the year ending Feb. 14, 1908, is as follows:

To me it seems that this very large sum. most of which comes from the tax payers of Ohio, will be wisely and economically expended for the decided benefit of the farmers and other tax payers of the state. At any rate down to date no charge of dishonesty or graft has ever been made against any one in authority in the Board of Control or in the Station Staff. - W. I. Chamberlain. June 19, '08.

Casualties. - The brake on an automobile refused to work and the machine dashed off a dock into the North River, drowning four persons, in New York City. June 15. - A fierce storm raged over Ohio June 19. Steubenville was hard hit, many homes being wrecked. A farmer near Canal Dover was killed when his barn was blown down. Fostoria and Findlay suffered and much damage was done in the oil fields. Two were killed and five seriously injured in Cleveland. - Three men were killed by an explosion aboard the Hamburg- American steamship Arcadia, at her dock in Philadelphia. June 20.

Politics. - The news of the Republican national convention, with appropriate comment, is given on the opposite page. The choice of chairman of the national Republican committee and manager of the campaign was left to Mr. Taft and he met Vice Presidential Nominee Sherman and a committee from the convention in Cincinnati to reach a final decision. The choice lay between A. I. Vorys and Frank Hitchcock, both of Ohio, and a possible dark horse. Mr. "Vorys refused to exert any effort to bring the appointment to himself, while Mr. Hitchcock stated that he would accept no position xipon the national committee except chairman. Vorys lined up the Taft delegates in the Northern states while Hitchcock secured the Southern delegations. The choice of Vorys is considered the wisest move as he has a better hold upon the states that would return the most Republican votes in the electoral college, and unless a more available aspirant can be brought forth by July 1 it is likely that Vorys will be chosen. - It is reported that President Roosevelt and Secretary Taft have decided to overthrow Speaker Cannon's power and seat a new speaker in the national House of Representatives if possible, as Mr. Cannon has used his power, as speaker, to obstruct legislation desired by the administration. Minor Items.

A fleet of eighteen TJ. S. naval vessels will leave San Francisco. Aug. 24. on a cruise to Honolulu and thence to Samoa, 2.300 miles. The fleet will return in time for the fall target practice at Magdalena Bay on the west coast.

Prosecutor Wm. L. David of Hancock Co., O., has announced that on account of the brief duration of his present term no more prosecutions of the Standard Oil Co., can be begun by him.

The Shelby Steel Tube Co.'s plant, at Shelby. O., was practically destroyed by fire June 18. Loss estimated from $750,000 to $1,000,000. This is a branch of the U. S. Steel Corporation.

June 19 the Interstate Commerce Commission ordered a reduction of 5 percent on the railroad freight rates on lumber east of the Mississippi River, and sweeping reductions in the West.

A terrific, wind, rain and had storm did great damage to crops- and farm buildings in Wisconsin, and southwestern Mich.. June 21. The haH was particularly heavy in Wisconsin.

The State Fair. - Extensive improvements are being made at the Ohio State Fair grounds. Every roadway is being macadamized. Artistic covered walks, beginning at the main entrance and extending to the woman's building, are being erected. This building is only the width of a street from the six central buildings, which are connected, substantially, under ©ne roof. The five live stock, buildings, where ca>ttle. h/orses, sheep, hogs and poultry are exhibited, axe being connected by covered walks, so when one* in the live stock, department one may. visit every building without going from under roof. A new feature that is being added to this department is- a marse cow barn, capable of accommodating 150 animals.

A new plan is to be tried in the matter of rentals in the stock department. Formerly 10 percent of the premium was charged, but under the new plan there; will be stall rentals. Stalls in the horse barn will be held at $2 and $4; in the cattle department $1 and $2. and in the sheep and swine department pens will be $1 each. In former years, the officials say, the many exhibitors brought surplus stock along, crowded the space and reduced competition. Under the new plan it is not expected a man will bring a drove of cattle or horses he does not expect to show in the ring. It is thought this will increase competition.

Owing to the fine prospects for an abundant yield, especially in fruits, which means increased exhibits, it is predicted this will be the biggest show in agriculture and horticulture that ever has been held in the state. Similarly encouraging prospects are found in the other departments. In the machinery department there never was so great a demand for space. There is an overflow already on the open ground and the big halls are almost filled, while the 15 acres outside the buildings has been signed for already.

Entries for exhibits close August 15, in all departments except speed, or 15 days earlier than formerly. To facilitate judging it is the purpose of the officials to issue a catalog of all entries, which will be a card system giving immediate clue to pedigree. One of the new features of the fair will be a' grand champion class, which will bring into competition the champions in the various horse classes.

Process Butter. - The new pure food law will go into effect July 1. After that date the state dairy and food commissioner has authority to punish any one selling or offering renovated or process butter for sale unless it is so labeled, either when it is in the container or in the package, in such a way that the label can be seen plainly. If in a container the words "renovated butter" or "process butter" must be labeled in letters at least % of an inch square. The object of this provision is to prevent the sale of such butter as the original product of the churn without letting the customer know that it has been worked over.

Fertilizer Case. - The case of the attorney general against the Smith Agricultural Chemical Company was before the supreme court last Tuesday on the demurrer of the Smith Company, but the hearing was postponed one week. - Hal. D. Landon, June 22, 1908.

The Cincinnati Price Current of June 18 reports 545.000 hogs killed in the West last week, compared with 635,000 week before. 545.000 two weeks ago and 645,- 000 a year ago. The total from March 1 is approximately 7.880.000 against 8.275,- 000 a year ago - a decrease of 395.000. Prices advanced during the week, the general closing price at prominent markets being $5.55 per cwt.. as compared with $5.30 last week, $5.30 two weeks ago. $6.15 a year ago. $6.50 two years ago and $5.15 three years ago. The specu'ative provision market was fairly active during the past week, and prices were firmer. July pork was lowest at $13.S2y2;highest at $14.40.closing at $14.30 against $13.80 a week ago and $15.85 a year ago. The week's export clearances were as follows: Total meats, 16,389,000 lb. against 16.006.000 lb. last year. Lard. 8.880.000 lb. compared with 12,403,000 lb. a year ago.

Prices Of Wool

Mr. James Buckingham. Muskingum Co.. O.. writes us urging that we advise farmers to hold their wool until after the fall election, as it must advance by that time. He says: "I find many selling at 18 to 20 cents for the same fine merino unwashed wool (early shorn) that they got 27 to 28 cents for last year. I sold my first clip in June. 1853. and a clip of my own raising each year since - from 1.000 lb. to 60,000 lb. I am holding my own for 27 cents and feel sure that I will get it." Mr. Buckingham has large agricultural interests and is a very conservative and successful business man.

According to Dun's Review preparations for the fall trade are being made on a fairly liberal scale, testifying to confidence in the future. There are some irregularities, orders for footwear being relatively larger than for textiles, while iron and steel still feel the unsettling effects of recent reductions in prices. Building operations are increasing at many points, making a better market for lumber and other materials, but the activity is still short of last year. Mercantile collections are more prompt and money abundant despite continued exports of gold. Crop prospects good but prices continue strong on account of the small stocks remaining on hand from last year. The exports for May felt $21,000,000 short of the same month last year, but imports were more than twice that much lower, so the balance maintained is excellent. Railway earnings for June to date were 20.3 percent less than the similar period in 1907. Trading in securities quiet. Failures for last week numbered 260 in the United States and 26 in Canada, against 194 and 19 respectively a year ago.

Most erops are making satisfactory progress. Wheat harvesting is going on in. the southerly states, with not more than the usual delay on account of rain, altho the heavy rains in Kansas. Missouri, Oklahoma and Nebraska are said to have affected the erops on lowlands. Thioutlook for spring wheat in the Northwest is bright. Some corn late in planting on account of rains. Some hay losses from excessive moisture, but the outlook is for a heavy crop.

The Commercial Bulletin of Boston, a leading authority on the wool trade, says: "As to the policy of growers in holding their wools for higher pr'-^es, storing it in the West or forwarding it to the Eastern centers on consignment, the opinion here is that it is a good thing, preventing heavy accumulations on the seaboard during the summer and early fall when there is no certainty that the demand will in any way measure up to the supply which will be on hand, eliminating that held in the West or at other places for an advance."

Whitley Co.. Ind., (N. E.) June 12. - Warm and dry; no rain for two weeks. Hogs about sold at 5c; sheep. 4c; cows, $25(5)50; mules in great demand. Good demand for horses. Good acreage of corn planted; some just finished planting on account of wet weather. Good crop of hay. Good prospect for wheat and oats. Plenty of blackberries; some few peaches and apples. Very few pears. Farm hands scarce and high at 17c per hour during haying. - B. B.

Morgan Co., O., (S. E.) June 15. - Dry and ground very hard. All live stock looking well. Wool mostly sold at 27 fa' 28c. Early cherries about gone. Peaches will be a short crop. Wheat turning fast; will soon be ripe. Early potatoes needing rain badly. Corn has all been worked once or more. Considerable clover has been cut the past week. Butter. 15c;eggs, 15c; chickens, 8c. - W. B. Hopkins.