Farmer Township (part 1 of 25)

Maine State Grange Meeting

The 34th annual session of the Maine State Grange was held at Lewiston, Dec. 17-19, with an attendance of between 500 and 600. Nearly 500 took~ the sixth degree.

State Lecturer W. J. Thompson, in his annual report, said: The custom of inviting other granges to attend some special program, or of requiring them to assist or furnish the program, can not be recommended too highly. Quality of work is of more importance than quantity. He urged: Printed programs; special meetings for special subjects; kindred subjects for the same meeting; essays or papers to lead discussions; the entertaining feature secondary to instructive; inviting other granges to assist; a live, active philanthropic, wise lecturer for each grange, who can divide the work and assign to each member some work that he or she can do.

We have in Maine.as shown by Sept. 30 reports, 54,486 Patrons, a gain of 1,581 over last year. Sixty-seven granges have a membership exceeding 200, ten more than in 1906. Twelve new granges have been organized or reorganized since last year. The receipts at the secretary's office for the fiscal year have been $11,274.35.

R. D. Leavitt., chairman of the executive committee, in his report, spoke in highest terms of the work in Maine of Hon. F. A. Derthick, master of the State Grange of Ohio, and of the enthusiasm aroused at the field meetings where he was a most interesting and instructive speaker. Mr. Leavitt suggested that if the meetings of the subordinate granges could be distributed over the whole week instead of having so many Saturday sessions, the expense of state officials desiring to attend them would be greatly decreased.

There is at Hinckley, Somerset Co., a home for children in charge of Rev. G. W. Hinckley, who started it especially for boys. Fourteen years ago, the State Grange became interested, and after $1,000 had been raised, the State Grange contributed another thousand, and a cottage was built. Here 15 little girls are cared for, educated and taught to work. We hope to send them out into the world, and hundreds of others, with strong characters, love of God and humanity, and filled with the noblest, purest and best impulses of life. The Grange contributes to their support. Columbus Hayford, of the executive committee, in his annual report of this feature, acknowledged the gifts of the different Pomonas and other granges.

The report on a scholarship fund for higher education announced that about $1,500 have been received, and that the interest is steadily progressing. A contribution of six cents from every member of the Grange in the state would complete this fund.

M. L. Merrill, chairman of the legislative committee, has been appointed by the governor as a member of the tax commission to recommend some system of equitable taxation to the next legislature. This is a fitting tribute to the Grange and to Mr. Merriirs ability. In his report on legislation, Mr. Merrill, said:

A few of tbe things that the Grange in Maine has stood for and been entirely instrumental in bringing about are: A more equal assessment of taxes by the creation of a board of assessors: a tax on collateral inheritances: laws guaranteeing the percentages of purity of feeding stuffs and seeds; provision for better roads: increase of the tax on corporations: rural telephone service; largpr and better rural schools: more liberty to the people thru the initiative and referendum.

Negatively Maine Grange has prevented the passage of many acts that would have been harmful. One instance i< prevention of removal of the state capital. We did not deem that there was any well grounded reason for it, and we felt that the hundreds of thousands of dollars to be thrown away at the present site, and the millions of dollars that the new capitol building Would cost could be used to better purposes.

Mortimer Whitehead of New Jersey, ' past lecturer of the National Grange, was an honored guest. His stirring speech Tuesday morning set forth the things that the Grange has done and intends to do. His address, Tuesday evening, upon the unwritten work, brought new inspiration to every Patron present because of the enthusiasm of this earnest worker. George H. Hampton of New York gave a talk on denatured alcohol, and exhibited a large line of appliances for using this fluid. Prof. Hitchings, state entomologist, had a display of injurious insects, and gave much useful information about them.

Worthy Master Stetson, Mr. Gardner's successor, is a native of Greene-, and was born 53 years ago. He has been an active member of Androscog^ gin Grange at Greene for 14 years, and is now treasurer of the Androscoggin Grange Insurance Co., the largest Grange insurance company in the state. He has held every office in the gift of Androscoggin Grange, and is now, and has been for nine years, state deputy under Master Gardner.

Installation was held Thursday morning, the work being performed by Mrs. O. Gardner, in a most impressive manner. Past-Master Gardner assured Mr. Stetson of his hearty support and co-operation. Round after round of applause greeted them as they stood there with clasped hands. As Mrs. Gardner conducted Mrs. Stetson to the station of Flora, the Grange rose, and at the close of the installation Worthy Master Stetson called for the white salute in appreciation of the work. Many were the tributes to the splendid work and ability of Past-Master Gardner. Words from the Atlantic to the Pacific indicated his honorable standing in the Grange at large. An oak cabinet pf solid silver cutlery was presented to Mr. and Mrs. Gardner.Mr. ! Stetson making the presentation speech; a fitting response was given by the recipients. Mr. Gardner will be chairman of the legislative committee.

Mr. O. B. Griffin said, in his report, that while co-operation in buying has established stores that are successfully conducted, and has built at Caribou the best Grange hall in the world, the matter has been seized at the ' wrong end, for co-operation should begin with selling farm products. He referred to a move begun in this direction by the Pomona granges of the state.

General state supervision of highways, and governmental inspection and regulation of telephone companies, were recommended; also an increase of half a cent per poun.l for sweet corn owing to increased cost of production, to effect which a committee to confer with the packers was a.lvised; also an educational campaign to promote forest preservation. In orr"er to help the enforcement of the prohibitory liquor law, the Grange recommends amendment of the interstate commerce law so as to prevent transportation companies from shipping into any state articles which are contraband therein. - M. B. Aiken.

Jersey Cattle-Berkshire Hogs

in exchange for a few days of your spare time. You invest no money. Send for particulars at once. Address I'ENNA. BERKSHIRE CO., r auuettsbui g. Puma.

Ltzler A Moses. Convoy. Ohio

T argc English Berkshiies - Service boars, gilts. Jj bred for April farrow. Will price right. Good pedigree. LINCOLN BAKElC, Plain City, Ohio.

and gilts for spring farrow to two boars of Peter Mouw's breeding. Their Bires weighed overlOOO lbs. 63 fall pigs from same boars. 6 extra g> od Berries

Gottage Hill Farm

- Imp. and Canadian bred - will be sold cheap as we have outgrown Ttnr itahle room and they must be sold to make room for ' calves. For catalogs and prices addr . JOHN GAKDEN.Uavunna.O.

T^or S«le - Reg. Shorthorns, good milkers: allagef. (Roans or r Reds ) Bulls and heifer calvei, $35 Pol. -China Sow pigs, $5. Pedigreed. LEfcSLR bROS., Akrun, Ohio.

Belle-Vernon Farm Guernseys

Head your herd with a Guernsey bull and Improve the color and quality of your milk. Vonnt bulls and calves for sale. Farmers' prices. Address BeUe-Ternon Farms, \Vill<>ui;lil>.\ . tMiio.

Floyd Ii. Pei.Ton, La Grange. Ohio To Ohio Cranoe Secretaries

Ser'y Strode writes: Be sure to Rive addresses of your Rranpe officers plainly on back of December roport blank; otherwise you will delay publication of the Roster. Give name and number of your granfre. also the rouniy. l'oniona officers should be reported the first of the year.

There is no trick In earning a watch tinder our offer. All vou have to do Is to set- the- neighbors and ask th«»ni to subscribe for The Ohio Farmer. Lots of other boys have gotten watches in this way and you can do aa well as they

Taxation. - A moves to town and leave:) money, notes and certificates of deposits with B. in the country. In an adjoining county, for assessable property, to evade high rate of taxes. Is It lawful in Ohio? I. Bradford. O. - Such Intangible property is taxable where the owner resides.

larrel. Quick in ute. Short wind and run - winding. The Case Is nick; el. xtnd back, plain center tM Our Offer. - We will send free and postpaid to every one of these watches boy that will send us irmer amounting to 78 r one year at 76 cents. _1 column club list price counts 25 points. Each S-year Ohio Farmer subscription at 11.20 counts SO points. Each 3-year subscription counts 4" points. The subscriptions may be cither new or renewals, and from any postoltice.

.\<k us for free sample copies to show the neighbors and you can easily get a watch In a few hours. Do it at once before s^me one gets ahead of you. Price of Watch $1.10. Watch and Ohio Farmer 1 year. $1.75: 2 years. $2.05: 3 years. $2.25.

The Ohio Farmer

(Conducted by W. C. Fair, V. S.) Advice through this department is free to our subscribers. Each communication should state history and symptoms of the :ase in full; also name and address of writer. Initials only will be published. In acute cases, where we believe that immediate treatment will be necessary, reply will be made by return mail, free.

Knee Sprung. - Gelding 9 years old, is shaky in both knees. One leg is more crooked than other. All four legs stock below knees and hocks. He stumbled last summer and right cannon bone has been swollen since but he is not lame. M. B., Freeport, O. - Knee sprung is usually the result of hard work, hard driving or hereditary predisposition. A removal of the cause is best treatment. Apply equal parts aqua ammonia. turpentine and sweet oil. or any mild, stimulating liniment to tendons every day or two. Shoe aim level. For stocking, bandage loosely in cotton and leave bandages on several hours a day or all night. Give 3 dr. ground gentian and 2 dr. powdered rosin in feed, night and morning.

Knuckling. - Colt breaks over on both pastern joints. When standing the legs kink forward. E. H. P., Ney, O. - I believe the trouble is in fetlock joints, due to weakness of ligaments. Apply cerate cantharides or any one of the blisters advertised in this paper.

Crooked Enlarged Knee. - Filly was born with crooked knee. Joint is large; she travels lame and is getting worse. C. F. P.. Galena, O. - Apply 1 part tincture iodine and 4 parts camphorated oil to knee, once a day. Nature deals kindly with crooked limbs and I am inclined to believe that her knee will get nearly, if not perfectly straight.

Sore Shoulders - Enlarged Glands. - Mare had shoulders galled on lower points last summer. Now when pulling it seems to pain her. She moves from side to side and occasionally backs up as tho in pain. Glands of her throat are also enlarged. E. K.. Bellevue, Mich. - Apply equal parts fluid extract opium, tincture arnica. extract witch hazel and alcohol to shoulders, twice a day, and apply equal parts tincture iodine and camphorated oil once a day to enlarged glands. Also give 2 teaspoonfuls syrup iodide iron in feed, twice a day.

Surfeit. - Filly rubs herself, especially rump. Her skin is not sore. A. H. B., Cochranton, Pa. - Your Ally suffers from digestive disturbance similar to surfeit, causing a heated condition of skin. Groom her well, especially on back, with a good stiff bristle or rice root brush, and give a teaspoonful hypo-sulfite soda and a tallespoonful ground gentian in feed, night and morning. Feed enough well-salted bran mash or vegetables to keep the towels open.

Indigestion - Sprained Hock. - Horses are not thriving. They are fed plenty of grain and good fodder, but do not lay on flesh. Another colt sprained hock joint, giving it the appearance of bog spavin. M. E. M., Thompson, O. - Give each horse % oz. fluid extract gentian. 2 dr. fluidextract cinchona, 1 dr. tincture nux vomica and 2 dr. Fowler's solution in feed, 2 or 3 times a day. If they are inclined to ce costive give well-salted bran mash or vegetables. The liquid blister that you have been using on colt is good. Apply blister to hock once every 10 days or several weeks. Treatment of bog spavin is not always satisfactory, and I suggest that you keep it up during the winter.

Curb - Stocking. - Horse has curb. I have blistered it several times, but it fails to remove bunch or cure lameness. Another horse stocks when allowed to stand in stable over night. R. R.. Charlotte, N. Y. - Apply 1 part red iodide mercury and 8 parts lard, every 4 or 5 days. For horse that stocks give 2 dr. ground rosin, 2 dr. ground gentian, % oz. ground ginger and 1 dr. sulfate iron in feed, twice a day.

Foot Soreness. - Old horse appears sore in both fore feet. I believe that his shoulders are both sweenied. J. W. T., Homerville, O. - Your horse suffers from subacute inflammation of fore feet, perhaps the result of founder. Stand him in wet clay 2 hours daily and when convenient apply wet swabs to fore hoofs. Also apply light blisters to coronet, using either cerate cantharides or any of the blisters advertised in this paper.

Cow Does Not Come in Heat. - Indigestion. - Six-year-old cow has not come in heat since she dropped calf in July. Brood mare is out of condition and is losing flesh. J. A. M., Spokane. O - Your cow will perhaps not come in heat until spring. You. might try giving her 2 dr. powdered capsicum and 1 oz. sanmetto in feed, twice a day. She should be well fed. Your mare no doubt suffers from indigestion. Give % oz. powdered charcoal. % oz. ground ginger. 3 dr. ground gentian and 2 dr. powdered quassia in feed, 2 or 3 times a day. Groom her well twice daily and keep her warm and comfortable.

Shoulder Lameness - Sweeny. - Mare has been lame in left shoulder for past 12 months. Muscles are quite wasted and liniments do no good. J. S. C. Berholz. O. - A chronic ailment of this kind will be slow in getting well. Apply light blisters, using cerate of cantharides or any one of the blisters advertised in this paper.

Warts. - Cows troubled with warts on Udders and teats. H. T.. Brooklyn. O. - Cut' off all those that have recks, and apply acetic acid once a dav to flat onces. If this fails apply 1 part chromic acid and 3 parts water. If you use the chromic acid apply to warts only, for it is pretty active.

Big New Catalogue For 1908 Please Show Vms Catalogue

thousands of new low price surprises, stronger, bigger, better, more complete and far lower in price than ever before. Is just now being sent to our customers. We always follow the market conditions and the present low market on Iron, steel lumber hides, leather, wool, cotton and other staples are shown by marked price reductions througnout the Big Book which Is Just now ready to send out. Different from the regulur dealer who almost Invariably flcures ne must sell his goods at a profit even though they were purchased on a hliih cost market, we give you the benellt of the lowest market conditions at the time you place your order, and If there has been any reduction on anything In the market, you get the benefit and the difference In price returned to you In cash. With us when tho price goes down on Iron, steel, wool, leather or any commodity. It means a reduction In our selling prices on such goods as these commodities enter Into, and you get the benefit of the very lowest price, and as a result this latest new catalogue Just going out shows great price reductions In almost everything, stoves, furniture vehicles, sewing machines hardware, musical goods, harness, guns, sporting goods, clothing dry goods, tinware, plumbing, carpets, Bhoes, etc., all offered In this latest catalogue at prices lower than ever before, prices that represent the present low market on staple commodities, prices that represent the largest possible saving, wonderful low price surprises from the beginning to the end of this big new book. Hundreds of special everyday household articles are shown In thiB Big Book at from one-fifth to one-half the price at which the same goods are being sold generally. In every respect it is the most wonderful catalogue we have ever printed, a book you cannot afford to be without. RFHPHRFR it's an enormous book, one of the biggest hooks ever printed. T: ntmEmlfkllf arc 9x12 Inches and It contains over 1 100 pages, wonderful improvements In every department, and the only book In print today that shows the low price conditions to correspond exactly with the present low price of raw materials. Just now it's the most wonderful book of low market conditions that has ever been seen. THE Rlfi RAAIf costi a lot of money, it requires 23 cents in postage alone to I nc DIH DW«I\ mail it, but we furnish It to anyone free on very easy conditions. YOU CAN GET THE BOOK FOR NOTHINQ, and no one can afford to be without this book. Be sure to read further on just how to get this Big Book tree, without delay.

What We Have Done And Are Doing

WE UMVE RIEII T BID the largest mercantile business of the kind in the world, wWC IIMIC DUILI Mr selling more goods direct to users than all other catalogue houses In America combined. We own and occupy the largest buildings In the world from until we now have a capital stock of FORTY MILLION DOLLARS, fully paid. The n-ounds In Chicago (nearly forty ai res) from which we do business and on which our mala nilldlngs are located, costing millions of dollars, we own free of one penny's Indebtedness. We own a vast amount of other real estate. Including many factories, plants, etc. We own. in their entirety, or in a large part, or control the output and product of a great number of factories In many states. Included In which are factories manufacturing for us furniture, stoves, clothing, wearing apparel, millinery, doors, sash, blinds, guns, revolvers, cameras, photographic goods, buggies, paint, wall paper, shoes, books, plows, harrows, cultivators, plumbing, hardware, cream separators1 harness, saddles, baby carriages.

organs, etc. We have millions of dollars invested in these factories and all for the purpose of making tho very low prices shown in this new Big Book.

We Enjoy The Highest Credits

permission we refer especially to the First National Bank and Corn Exchange National Bank of Chicago, to the Chase National Bank of New York, or the N.'tinaalShawmutBankof Boston. Dun's andBradstreet's Commercial Agencies give us the highest credit rating given to any concern, but more especially do we refer to the eight million American people who have sent orders to us our vast manufacturing facilities and factory connections, with capital to buy In enormous quantities, and thus take every advantage that capital can give, we are able to own our goods at a cost th.it makes it possible for us to astonish you with the prices shown in this latest Big Book.

Lowering Costs And Bettering Qualities

RIR AC WE fiSC every day we are getting SHU HC WE HElu., bigger, stronger, adding to our capital, adding to our organization, enlarging, adding to and bettering our facilities and factory connections, doing more for our customers, all the time LOWERING COSTS AND BETTERING QUALITIES, until today, P1GGER, HETTER, STRONGER than ever before, we offer In this, our very latest Big Catalogue, the highest standard of qualities, the most astonishingly low prices and In every way the best service ever known. Our goods are sold under a binding guarantee and money back offer.

Get Our Latest Big Book Free In One Of The Following Easy Ways

cause whatsoever, you alone to be the judge, we to immediately return your money together with any freight or express charges you may have paid. There Is no safer place In the world to send your money. We won't allow any customer to take the slightest risk (we take it all), and if we don't please you and save you money we are anxious to return your money to you and get the goods back at our expense. If you ever send us an order for anything on which we have reduced a price, you Invariably get the difference back In cash; in fact, just now, as a result of great price reductions, we are refunding thousands of dollars to thousands of our customers daily, giving them the benetit of the lower prices without notice. If you have dealt with us you know this; if you haven't, ask your neighbor, for our methods are known by 'more than eight million people who have patronized us. GET OUR LATEST BIG BOOK FREE IN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING EASY WAYS: and you haven't received a Big Catalogue from us within three months, then write us a postal card or a letter and simply say. "Send me your Big Catalogue free." and the latest Big Book, just from the press, with all the wonderful price reductions, will go to you by return mall, postpaid, free. IF YOU HAVE NEVER SENT US AN ORDER, then send us 25 cents (postage stamps taken), and we will send you the Big Book by mail, postpaid, free with our compliments. We will also send you a certificate good for 50 cents with any order you may send us within a month after the receipt of the book, provided your order amounts to $5.00 or more.

The Best Way In Any Case

Book free is as follows: Send us an order taken from any old catalogue of ours, any book you have received from us within ayearortwo. If you haven 'tone of our catalogues you can borrow one from a neighbor, and from any catalogue you may have or borrow please select some needed goods, any kind of an order amounting to $1.00 or more and send the order to us. We will nil your order, giving you the benefit of the very lowest prices shown In our latest book, and for any difference due you by reason of the rccentgrcat price reductions we will return the difference to you in cash, and when we fill your order we will pack and ship with the goods, sending you free with our compliments, the latest great Big Catalogue referred to you tills way you get the catalogue for nothing, and we have saved the postage expense of 23 cents. Therefore, whether you have ever sent us orders or not, whether you have one of our Big Catalogues or not. we urfse you to get this latest Big Book free by first sending us an order from some catalogue you may have or may borrow. We will give you the benefit of the lowest prices and return any balance due you In cash at once, and with your goods we will Include faee the big reduced price book referred to In this announcement.

Please Act Today Sears, Roebuck Chicago

Do not buy a razor until you have an opportunity of trying it. We will send the magnificent "Palmer" Razor to you absolutely FREE for 30 Days' Trial. If you wish to buy it at the end of this time - and we think you will - send us

$1.75, pur iKpSHIHlllljii^MMSP^^" toyouatonce. If after purchasing the razor you desire s p e c i a ifBgQjSs^SaMs&tt^^B^^ to exchange it for another, you may do so free of charge price of E9^^Sk^^HB0^^^ any time within one year from the day you bought it.

not cost you Bingle penny to use the razor for 30 days, except a 2c stamp to return it if unsatisfactory. You are under _ _ obligations to buy it unless you desire to do so. Our confidence In its quality is such that we are willing to let it act as its own salesman.

Poland-China Hogs - A few good gilts and male pigs at reasonable prices. Brown, China. Eng, lisli. Toulouse geese and Huff Orpingtons for sale. Address C. P. Lnttrell, Luttrell, care Octa, Ohio.

Stock of all kinds for sale. A few cows & heifera. Must he sold to make room at once. Also one yearling bull and one bull calf. All Block re. curded E. F. COOVEK. Clarksbure, Rosa. Co., O.

material put into Studebaker vehicles, is made by experts and the skill and judgment used in their manufacture comes from over 50 years' experience. They know that

Centerpiece Of Japanese Embroidery

This design combines roses and cherry blossoms and a butterfly. In Japanese embroidery the stitches are taken diagonally across the petals or

Some Laundry Helps By Hattie Dunn

Soap should mot be rubbed on the flannels when washing them. Soap jelly is made by shredding one bar (or pound) of good laundry soap into two quarts of boiling water, allowing the water to boil, and stirring until the soap is dissolved. Then set away until the next day, when it will be a nice, stiff jelly. Into the water intended for washing, and which should be as hot as the

Handkerchief Bib

This dainty bib for baby is made of a I'ii'tty embroidered handkerchief, and It is simple and easy to fashion. Just double the kerchief so that one embroidered edge shows just above the other. Cut down the center about three inches, turn the points forward, turn in the edges and overcast them, then featherstitch near the edge with silk floss or san silk. This one was featherstitched In pale blue. Bows and ties of narrow pale blue ribbon finished it.

All black, or black and white goods should be put to soak in salt water before being washed, as the salt will set the color and prevent "running."

For starching fine muslins and lingerie, a small quantity of gum arabic water added to the starch will give an appearance of freshness not attainable by any other means. It may be kept in readiness, prepared as follows: Over two ounces of white gum arabic pour one pint of boiling water, st'r well, cover, and let stand over night; in the morning pour the liquid from the dregs into a clean bottle and keep corked for use. A tablespoonful to a quart of starch is about right.

For washing crocheted articles, make a suds of warm (not hot) water and a good, white soap; put in the article to be washed; squeeze (don't rub) until it looks perfectly clean; rinse it thru clean water' until all the suds is removed, then squeeze out, not wring, shake into shape, and hang out to dry. Shake and pull into shape as the article dries.

For silk ties, pour a little gasoline into a bowl large enough for the purpose, dip a clean cloth into it and rub the soiled places, dipping frequently; the gasoline gets dirty, get a fresh supply and go on with the rubbing until the ties are clean, then hang them where the gasoline can evaporate. Delicate colors will not be injured by this way of cleaning. Gasoline must not be used near a fire, or in a leaves, but so directed that they range themselves toward the center of the flower and maintain an artistic composition. Satin-stitch is commonly used, without padding, for the petals and leaves, with sometimes couching or chain-stitching for the stems. Shading, that is blending of shades, in the same petal is not characteristic of Japanese embroidery. When these people wish to obtain variation in shade, they are apt to make one petal or part of the design entirely of one shade, grouping the different-shaded petals so as to make a harmonious whole. Japanese embroiderers use stationary frames for holding the material, thus leaving both hands free to work with, one on the upper and one on the under side

In washing the little one's flannels, the greatest care should be taken. They must not be soaked in either hot or cold water, as either will thicken the material. Wash the soiled parts in a little warm soapy water, then immerse the garment in fresh water, hot and soapy as before, and rub it all over quickly and lightly; wring carefully from this water, and souse up and down in a clear water of the same temperature. Both waters should be as hot as the hand can bear without discomfort. Squeeze out with the hands, and put thru another hot,clear water, then put thru the wringer, or roll each article in a clean cloth and of the material. They never take up portions of the material as we do in making stitches. This enables them to make their work more uniform and dainty.

Paint Brush. - To keep paint brushes soft. Is it necessary to keep thorn in linseed oil? A. F. B. - No. They will keep soft In water. Hang them to small nails on the inside of a Wooden vessel, so that -hat water In the vessel will just cover .he bristles. Keep the water up to that level by adding some as fast as It sinks by evaporation.

In laundering black cotton goods, such as lawns, calicoes, sateens, or for washing colors that are doubtful, do not use soaps. For one dress, woman's size, make two quarts of smooth flour starch, add to it enough warm water to wash one dress, and wash as you would in soap suds. The starch will cleanse the goods like snap. When clean, rinse well in clear tepid water, and hang to dry. No further starching

Winter Courses In Domestic Science Needed

WINTER COURSES IN DOMESTIC SCIENCE NEEDED. From time to time I read of the winter course in agriculture at the Ohio Agricultural College. It certainly is a grand opportunity for men. But what troubles me is the fact that farmers' wives must stay at home and take care of the children and miss similar opportunities for mental and social feast. Now I've been wondering if some plan could not be devised by which the mothers might have the opportunity of the class room also. Some cities have established nurseries at the theaters that the mothers may attend. Now why might not a similar affair be established near the State University, where the little tots under school age may be left during class hours? Editors, will you not give space in your paper for the discussion of this subject? I feel that I am not the only one who would like to "brush the cobwebs from the attic" in this way. - A Hungry Student, Auglaize Co., O.

(We are glad to publish this letter, for it proposes an opportunity for Ohio women that has already been offered to the women of Illinois and Indiana by their state universities. And Ohio women can have it if they ask for it hard enough. At the Illinois State University, "Housekeepers' Conferences" (promoted by the Illinois Domestic Science Association) have been held at some time during the year for several years. These "conferences" are really schools, brief courses, about two weeks long, at

To clean coat collars, prepare a cleansing fluid by shredding into a quart of boiling water one-fourth pound of good laundry soap, adding a heaping tablespoonful of borax. When dissolved, stir well together. Lay the collar flat on a table, and dip a small brush in the mixture, and scour until clean. Then take a cloth and clear water, and scrub all the suds out; rub with a clean, dry cloth until almost dry, then cover with a dry cloth and press until dry with a hot iron.

Knit or woven underwear should not be ironed; let the garments get dry, then fold carefully and put under pressure. In hanging on the line, each garment should be pinned and pulled into shape as it dries.

For cleaning a chenille table-cover, make a good suds of soap and warm, soft water; and in this rub the cover lightly between the hands until clean; then rinse well in clear water, squeeze dry, and hang in the shade to dry. Be careful to hang perfectly straight. Do not iron, but when dry brush thoroly with a soft brush, and the cover will look well.

For washing the white silk waist, boil until dissolved a small piece of white castllc soap the size of a walnut in a pint of soft water. Add this to a gallon of hot water, and when cold, souse the waist in the suds lightly, not rubbing, but pressing down, turning about and lifting in and out of the water. Have another suds ready, and as soon as the first suds shows soil, squeeze the waist out and put into the clean suds, repeating the sousing. Then rinse in clear, soft water, squeeze dry. and rinse in another water in which a very few drops of blueing have been stirred. Hang in the shade where the wind will dry it. and iron under a white cloth.

which lectures are given on household topics. Purdue University holds a "corn school" (two weeks) during the winter. at which instruction in household science receives a full quota of time and expense. New York Agricultural College issues a "Farmers' Wives' Reading Course" for the farm women of that state. ( See page 440 of our Nov. 30 issue for full particulars about this course). The nearest approach in Ohio to this method of education is the hearty co-operation and assistance of our Agricultural College teachers in the preparation of the study course for farm men and women provided by the Ohio State Grange, but one must be a member of The Grange to avail oneself of this course. We shall be glad to hear from others- on this subject

Light up and cheer up! Whether winter evenings prove delightful and profitable to you and the children, or dreary and tiresome. depends largely upon the amount and the kind of light you have in your living rooms. One lamp on the table sheds Its rays but a little distance. If you don't use a shade the light gO< * up toward the celling. If you do use a shade, the circle of light Is small - everyone must crowd within that circle and the balance of the room is In gloom. It takes away from the pleasure of reading, makes It harder for children to study, or women folks to sew Light up with Angle Lamps, the kind that gives the healthful, restful and beautiful kerosene light, and plenty of it. An Angle Lamp cost* Ian t" burn than an ordinary lamp, yet It gives two or three times as much light, and throws all the light down and around Instead of on the celling. It hungs on the wall or from the celling, too. out of the way. may be turned on or off. up or down, the same as gas. and never smokes, no matter how low or high it is turned It requires filling only once or twice a week, according to the use given it or sise used. and it doesn't smoke, and need seldom be cleaned. Write Angle Manufacturing Co.. 159 West 24th St. .New York City, for Catalog "G." which gives much good sound information on the lighting question in general and Angle Lamp in particular. To investigate and even to try the lamp costs nothing.

The Ohio Farmer Our Patterns

OUR PATTERNS. Price 10 cents. Waist and skirt patterns are usually separate, therefore be sure to send 20 cents for a two-piece suit pattern which has two numbers, i. e., a waist number and a skirt number; if such a pattern has but one number, send only 10 cents. Order by number and title of pattern. If for children, give age; for adults, give bust measure for waists, and waist measure for skirts. Address orders to Pattern Department, The Ohio Farmer, Cleveland. Ohio. Complete catalog, containing hundreds of the season's designs, will be sent you postpaid for 16 cents.

For the growing girl the suspender and jumper styles are still fashionable, while for the younger children there is nothing more stylish than the little one-piece boxplaited dresses.

No. P 2176. - Girl's Dress, with Three- Quarter Length Sleeves. Plaid cheviot in blue and red is used for this jaunty little frock. The round shallow yoke, which is a feature of the front, is of the same material cut on the bias. 4 Sizes - 6 to 12 years.

No. P 2174. - Child's One-Piece Dress Closed at Center- Back. The material used for this simple little one-piece model is Copenhagen-blue mohair, and the feather-stitching of the yoke, collar and cuffs is done with white silk floss. A belt of the material or one of white leather, adds a jaunty touch to the costume. 5 Sizes - 1 to 9 years.

No. P 2178. - Girl's Coat. Closed at Left Side. This stylish coat which is distinctly new in cut and outline, is developed in Bordeaux broadcloth. with collar and cuffs of black velvet, trimmed with braid. 4 Sizes - 6 to 12 years.

No. P 2182. - Girl's Dress, with Three- Quarter Length Sleeves and a Removable Chemisette. Jacqueminot-red cotton crepe, with the wide epaulettes and sleeve-bands of Irish lace bound with black velvet ribbon, makes this dress suitable for any occasion. 4 Sizes - 6 to 12 years.

No. P 2172 - Girl's Tucked Dress, with Guimpe. Green and white shepherd's plaid, with pointed yoke. Mikado sleevebands and belt in hunter's green satincloth, trimmed with narrow black soutache, and worn over a guimpe of White French flannel makes this dress suitable for school and every-day wear. 4 Sizes - 6 to 12 years.

The one and two-piece circular skirts, as well as the box- and side-plaited models are all very fashionable this season for both women and growing girls; another favorite model for the latter is the three-piece sectional skirt.

No. P 2197. - Lady's Circular Skirt. Closed at left side of front. In sweep or round length. Without center-back seam. Suitable only for plain materials, or. with seam, desirable for all materials. 6 Sizes - 22 to 32.

No. P 2205. - Lady's Fifteen -Gored Double Box-plaited Skirt. This model is appropriate for broadcloth, serge, invisible plaid worsted and cheviot. 6 Sizes - 22 to 32.

No. P 2190. - Miss's Tucked Circulav Skirt, in Three Sections. Voile, cashmere, mohair, and any one of the thin woolen goods develop well in this style. 4 Sizes - 14 to 17 years.

No. P 2184. - Miss's Nine-Gored Plaited Skirt. This wide box-plaited skirt is suitable for any of the season's materials, and should be trimmed with mohair braid in black or self color. 3 Sizes - 13 to 17 years.

No. P 2201. - Lady's Six-Gored Skirt. - With plaits at front and back, and in medium sweep or round length. This pretty side-plaited model is adaptable to materials for both street and house wear, and looks particularly well in serge or Panama cloth. 7 Sizes - 22 to 34.

No. P 2187. - Lady's Nine-Gored Plaited Skirt. This is an excellent model for broadcloth, serge, checked or striped tailor suiting, cheviot or any of the Scotch or English worsteds. 6 Sizes - 22 to 32.

No. P 2191. - Lady's Jumper, with a Yoke-Guimpe Having Three-quarter Length Sleeves. This style Is particularly effective, and may be developed in surah silk with guimpe of all-over lace, or in some soft woolen material with the guimpe of self-colored silk, if a less dressy effect is desired. 6 Sizes - 32 to 42.

No. P 2181. - Lady's Tucked Shirtwaist. Closed at left side of front. Shepherd's plaid or Scotch plaid, with trimmings of plain-colored taffetas of surah silk, and fastened with flat brass buttons, makes this a suitable model for this season of the year. 7 Sizes - 32 to 44.

No. P 2203. - Lady' Tucked Shirtwaist. French flannel, viyella, flannelette, or heavy Indian linen or madras all develop well in this style. 6 Sizes - 32 to 42.

No. P 2209. - Lady's Two-Piece Tucked Jumper. Closed at back. This dainty little tucked jumper is a slight variation of the usual style, being made in two pieces and closed at the centre-back. Henrietta cloth, cashmere, voile, taffeta or peau de soie silk are all suitable materials for its development. 6 Sizes - 32 to 42.

Closed at left side of front. Shadow-plaid silk, bound with plain satin ribbon, with \ the yoke panel of all-over lace, over plain colored silk, makes this waist dressy enough for any occasion. 8 Sizes - 32 to 46.

Remember that all Stoves and Ranges may look very much alike, but there is a vast difference in their wearing and service qualities. To make sure that a, Stove or Range will wear for years and give absolutely satisfactory service, and to avoid paying two prices, buy direct from the factory of a reliable firm, a factory with Millions behind it. and then their guarantee mean* something. Hoosier Stove Co. Factory, 131 State St.. Marion. Ind., makes a very high-grade line of stoves and ranges, and sells direct to the user, saving you all Dealers' and Jobbers' Big Profits. They will send, without a cent's expense to you. a Stove or Range for you to try 30 davs. Backed by a Million Dollar Guarantee, and you will be the judge, for you are in no way obligated to keep any stove or range thev send you. Write for their Special Free Trial Offer, the most liberal offer ever made by a Manufacturer.

A first class and sanitary water supply makes life on the farm worth living. It is now possible to have all the conveniences, comforts and protection of the best city water works This means plenty of water delivered under strong pres sure, in the bathroom, kitchen, laundry, garden, lawn or barn - any where you want it. This is accomplished by can avoid the unsightly and unsafe elevated tank, which may leak, freeze or collapse. The Kewanee System oes away with the attic tank, which is dangerous and inefficient.

Instead, install a Kewanee Pneumatic Tank your cellar. Use hand pump, wind mill, gas engine, hot-air engine or other good power - pump the water into this tank from your own well, cistern or other natural source. This creates air pressure in the tank, which delivers the water to the fixtures and hydrants.

Everything is frost proof and protected from extremes in temperature. Tank is made of steel and rests on nolid ground. C. W. Welman. Sullivan, Ind., writes: "The Kewanee System which I installed in my country home two years ago gives perfect satisfaction. It is always in order, always worlis perfectly and we have not spent 5c for repairs since it was put in." We will plan your whole water sysWtn free of charge. Over 8.000 Kewanee Systems in successful operation. Plants furnished in all sizes for any requirements, from a cottage to a town. There may be some in your neighborhood - out catalogue tells. Write for our 64-page illustrated catalogue which explains everything. Mention J tnis Paper and ask for catalog No.g

Tank The Worthing S Alser Co.. Hillsdale. Michigan

Hides make fine, warm roben. We are th© oldest house doing this kind of work. Are responsible, and know how. Write for price*. THE WORTHING S ALSER CO.. HILLSDALE. MICHIGAN.

We Tan

for Robes, Coats or Mittens. Wind. Water and Moth proof. No charge over $7.00 for tanning and lining a robe. Write for circulars and samples.

Our new model. Improved Ohio Farmer sewing machine has ball bearing shuttle lever, (not found upon any other machine), capped needle bar, shuttle race oiler, new automatic tension release, high substantial arm, automatic bobbin winder, and automatic lift drophead table, with ball bearings and still pitman.

and money refunded if not satisfactory after 90 days' trial. Complete attachments, accessories and illustrated book free. We guarantee this machine to be first-class in every particular, handsome in appearance and equal to any machine made. Same machine without the automatic Lift for only $18.

,£ Pre£a-V freiSht to any freight station east of the Mississippi River, or south to Tennessee. You can not afford to buy a machine until you have Se£u c,?ur illustrated freecatalog. printed in colors.

By F. C. Howe, State Senator

In a previous article it was stated that the people of Ohio did not really govern themselves, but that they were governed by certain big business interests who found it profitable to control the legislature. This doubtless seemed an exaggeration to many people. Just one instance will show how profitable politics and the control of parties, conventions and legislatures may be to the great interests referred to.

Have you ever been called upon to pay an accommodation promissory note which you endorsed for a neighbor? How did you feel about it, and how would you feel if you knew that he was a thousand times better able to pay it than you were, but escaped it thru some technicality of the law?

Now that is just what the farmers and home owners of Ohio are doing for the railways, street railways, the express, sleeping car and other public service corporations. They are paying from twelve to twenty millions every year of their taxes. These corporations are taxed at their scrap value by county auditors, and not what they are worth in the market. For example, the total assessment of the railroads of Ohio in 1894 was $110,000,- 000. They were assessed in 1904, ten years later, at $134,000,000. According to the Tax Commission appointed by President McKinley, these railroads were then worth $352,000,003 in the former year, and according to the valuation made by tha United Staites census in 1904 they were worth $689,- 797,000. In ten years' time their value in the markets has doubled, while their tax valuations have gone up but 20 percent. Today the railroads are on the tax duplicate at less than 20 percent of their real value. Other property is on at from 40 to 100 percent of its real value. They are assessed at $14,500 a mile of single track instead of $75,000 a mile, their market value in 1904. The railroads of Ohio paid $478 a mile of taxes in 1904. In Massachusetts they pay $1,472 per mile. If Ohio had collected for the same rate as did Massachusetts, she would have received $13,500,000 from the railroad, instead of $4,300,000. In Connecticut the railroads pay $1,259 per mile, in Rhode Island, $1,049 per mile, in the District of Columbia, $1,349 per mile, and in New Jersey, $848 per mile. Had the railroads of Ohio been taxed as they are in these states they would have paid from two to three times what they do today.

The same is true of other public service corporations like the palace and sleeping car, express, telegraph and telephone, the pipe line, the street and interurban railways, the gas, water and electric lighting companies, etc. In 1904 the Pulman Company paid $5,300 in taxes. It should have paid probably $114,000. The other public service corporations are on the tax duplicates on the same inadequate basis. In Cleveland, the Cleveland Electric Railway is assessed for $3,- 500,000. The company's balance sheet claims that the property is worth $35,- 164,000. In other words, there is in the neighborhood of $1,000,000,000 of real marketable property which is bought and sold in the market just like boots and shoes, clothes, and wheat, and houses, that is not taxed at all. It is not even considered in making appraisements.

When we know that the total amount of property on the tax duplicate of the entire state of Ohio is slightly over $2,000,000,000, we can see how great a contribution the farmel s and the home owners are making 1o thes3 corporations in the state. For they escape from $12,000,000 to $20.- 000,000 in taxes every year. This evasion has amounted to from $100,000,000 to $150,000,000 iu ten years' time. The common people of the state are poorer by this sum, while the railways and fie other corporations are that much richer.

T et us figure this in another way. The $12.0(10,000 which they escape payin?; means that every able-bodied man in Ohio must give a whole week's work at $2 a day to these corporations. How would you feel if you, along with all the rest of the men of the state.had to srrve these interests at forced labor for one week in every year? Or to put it another way, $12,000 000 in taxes which these corporations evade and the people pay, means that 17,000,000 bushels of wheat, or the anpual produce of more than 6,000 farms of 100 acres each, must be contributed to those who own these corporations.

But that is not all. The $1,000,000,- 000 which thus escape taxation cost its owners nothing. It was not produced by labor. It was not purchased by capital; it is a free gift from the state of Ohio, the counties and the cities. For the thing that escapes is the franchise, the privilege, the monopoly rights which are property in every sense, and are so recognized by the courts and business men, but which have been secured thru corrupt or other relations with the commonwealth and the cities. If any discrimination is to be made at all, should it not rather be against that which has cost its owners nothing rather than against that which has cost the workers of this state the weariest toil and saving.

This great value can be taxed and is being taxed in other states like Massachusetts, Connecticut, Michigan Wisconsin, New York and elsewhere. It was over the attempt to tax these franchises and other values that President Roosevelt, I.aFollette and Pingree waged their great fight, as governors in New York, Wisconsin and Michigan. They sought to tax these properties on the same basis as other wealth, that is, at their market value. And the result of the Ford franchise tax in New York State was to increase the valuation of the city monopolies alone from $96,000,000 to $427,951,000. The people of New York added between $8,000,000 and $10,000,000 to their revenues from the city corporations alone. The absurdity of the Ohio law is further seen from the fact that the owners of dogs in Ohio pay a total tax of $198,000 while all the sleeping car and fast freight companies in Ohio pay but $11,500. All the horses in Ohio are assessed for $40,000,000, while the three telegraph, the eight express and the 294 telephone companies are assessed for taxation at less than $18,- 000,000.

For more than ten years efforts have been made at Columbus to pass a franchise tax law. Partial success was obtained as to express, telephone and telegraph companies under the Nichols law. At the last session of the legislature, I introduced Senate Bill No. 131 with the same end in view, and for two months the lobby of all these interests swarmed about the Senate Chamber, and prevented it from getting away from the committee until a few days before the adjournment of the Assembly. That bill would have increased the taxes of these corporations about $6,000,000 a year, very much less than the amount which they should pay in comparison with other property. Yet $6,000,000 a year was a big enough prize to warrant every possible means to bring about its defeat. If these corporations are to be taxed as other properties, it must be done by the activity of the people themselves. They, too, must maintain a lobby at home around their Senators and Assemblymen; they must watch their votes and scrutinize their records. A lobby in every county in the state would secure for the people that which they have been robbed of for years by the lobby which the big interests maintain at Columbus. If these corporations were made to pay $12,000,000 a year, the taxes of all other classes would be reduced by that amount. And if we capitalize $12,000,000, we find that it means the earnings on from $200,000,000 to $300,000,000. That is the sum at stake. In what wny can the people of Ohio secure a larger return on their effort than by maintaining a vigilant organization for the purpose of seeing that their representatives represent their wishes rather than the wishes of the more insistent lobby which is at work every day in the year.

After two years of study, the Tax Commission appointed by Governor Harris has indicated its approval of franchise taxation. The Governor himself has approved the extension of this idea. The placing of this great sum of $1,000,000,000 on the tax duplicate will be one of the most insistent Questions at Columbus next winter. Its accomplishment can only be achieved by public opinion, a public opinion which will make itself felt at home and at Columbus on the members of the Assembly who will then be compelled to choose between their constituents at home and the lobby in the State House.

Free

From indications it seems that the old fight is again to be made by the so-called "business" interests and owners of intangible (and therefore to a certain degree untaxed) wealth, to get their property still further relieved from their just and equal share of taxation.

If this movement were coming from the agricultural interests or from the owners of encumbered homes in the cities, villages or on the farms of the state, it would be more reasonable, but coming from the class of property owners now paying less than their share of the cost of government, the movement is not only untimely, but we predict will eventually result in a boomerang that will return to wound the ones that set it in motion.

The movement is aimed at a change in the constitution so as to allow certain classes of property td be taxed at a higher rate than others, and some now taxed to be exempted, because it is the kind that these agitators chiefly own.

The Ohio constitution that has stood for fifty-six years and still stands as a bulwark of equality for the taxation of all property, valued on the same basis, whether owned by the poor or the rich, is being attacked by every argument, fair or foul, so that the people of the state may be induced to change it, so that the property can be "classified" as they choose to call it. The use of this term as now made is deceptive, for under the tax laws, property is already classified, and the classification has been upheld in several decisions of our Supreme Court. Why not call the movement by its 1 right name, viz.; one to "fix the constitution so that we can get laws passed so that we can reduce the taxes or exempt our property, and put them on the other fellows?" This is | the true meaning of the agitation. Who shall pay the cost of government? Shall it be divided around equally as now provided in the constitution or shall we collect it from real estate or tangible property alone, and let monies, credits, bonds and stocks go free?

In order to create dissatisfaction with our present constitution, the mouthpieces of the movement tell you that the state has outgrown it, that business has so changed that it is not comprehended by the terms of that instrument, and they even go so far as to cast slurs on the venerated statesmen who drew that instrument. We deny that conditions now are so very much different from what they were in 1851, when the constitution went into effect. There were corporations then, domestic, interstate, and foreign, the same as now, with stockholders living here and elsewhere; and while the number of corporations and kinds of business have increased largely, the really new subjects of taxation are very few. and none but what can. without violence to the rules, be adjudged as included in the term "property" and taxed under the const itution as it now is.

If there is any class of property that now, as a class, escapes taxation, it is the fault of the legislature in not passing laws to tax it. for the Supreme Court has said in several decisions construing the constitution, that it meant to include for taxation all property within the state, and not to exempt any, save that which it specifically designated.

Therefore the only reason that all taxable property is not on the tax duplicate at its full and true value is bacatfse of the failure of the Legislature to pass laws that will effect such taxation, and the people of the state seeing to it that when such laws are passed they are enforced.

The moment the state abandons the equality of taxation on all property alike and creates classes of property, preferring or exempting one above another, or shifting from year to yoar. the burden from one to the other, that moment very serious trouble begins. The effect of such a stite policy can

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Northwest Texas

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Atlantic Coast Line Railroad

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net be comprehended. It is so farreaching that it.can not but be disa :- trous to a republican form of government. The rich and powerful will dominate the policy and secure the benefits of exemption. This will lead to the shifting of the burdens of government more and more, each year, onto the small property owners, the workingman and debtor class, until we raise up a monied aristocracy. Each wealthy and protected interest can afford, and will have, its "lobby" to "look after" legislation in its interest. Nay, worse, they will select beforehand the ones they want in the lawmakers' chairs.

One of the plausible, but at the same time fallacious, arguments advanced to create sentiment in favor of a change is that ignus fatuus of "local option" in taxation. They say, "raise the state levies somehow," then "the counties can tax what they please." This local option term was borrowed from the liquor traffic, but has little similar to it, except that if such option was allowed by the constitution, each county would have the right to rate for itself and have its own legislature and would have the right to pass its own tax laws, taxing only such classes of property as it saw fit, independent of any other county; otherwise it could not have local option in taxation. The result, besides its being impracticable, would be most ridiculous. One county would exempt bonds and stocks, the adjoining one would not. The man who had them would move to where he don't pay. The nomadic simplicity of former days would return again. Many funny things would happen then that don't happen now.

The constitution as it is now, is the very fairest possible. Who can think of any plan that is more just to all classes of citizens and property than the one that requires all property values to be taxed equally and alike, the one the same as the other - and whether in the hands of the lordly rich, the every-day well-to-do worker, or the little owner?

The failure to enact laws, as I have said, is, with the Legislature. It is to blame for most of the inequality in the operation of the tax laws. Even in the matter of assessing real estate, there is almos^ as much inequality in its assessment, and also in valuing tangible property, as there is in the getting of bonds, stocks, credits and intangibles on the tax duplicate. It is not that the property is intangible that it has escaped. The tax laws are just as weak and deficient and have heen in operation just as unequal in assessing real estate and tangible chattels, as in any other classes.

The Legislature can, if it will, enact laws that will remedy the great wrong that is now in yearly operation in Ohio, viz.; the unequal assessment of nearly all classes of property. It can make laws that will fairly assess all property at its-full and fair value. That will make intangible property just as tpn^ible as real estate, for taxation purposes; that will tax all property at full value in all parts of the state, and confine the rate of levies to the minimum, l et the constitution alone. It has never forced a dollar of wealth to leave the state, but on the contrary, by taxing foreign investments, has kept untold millions from going away.

What the people want to do is to demand of the Legislature that it pass the right kind of tax laws that will bring all property on the duplicate, and then see that officials enforce those laws. Let the constitution alone. - W. Cleveland, O.

Tax System

' This wealth is made up of (1) real estate, (2) business investments in the state, (3) mortgages, notes and bonds and credits generally, (4) foreign stocks and bonds, (5) money in bank, (6) house furnishings, jewelry, carriages, etc., (7) incomes from professions and other occupations.

4. Mortgages, notes, bonds and credits should be exempt from taxation. Where one man loans money to another, the wealth of neither is increased and no new taxable property is created; to tax both the property and the mortgage or bond is double taxation. > 5. The state should levy no taxes whatever. All taxes should be collected by the counties and each county required to furnish a proper proportion of the expenses of the state government. There will then be no inducement for different counties to place a 40 or 50 percent valuation upon property and real estate can be actually valued at its true value in money.

G. Real estate should be re-valucd each year. The most successful states have adopted this plan and Ohio is the only state in the Union where property is appraised but once in ten years.

7. All valuations upon real estate must be made by experts especially trained, under civil service rules, for the work. It is absolutely necessary that the merit system be extended thruout all the tax departments. It is useless to expect good results when the assessors are dependent for reelection and appointment upon the very people whom they are expected to tax fairly.

8. Foreign stocks and bonds are not taxable property, any more than are deeds or partnership agreements. They but represent property which has already been taxed. For this reason, the owners will not pay double taxation and any attempt to enforce collection encourages men of wealth to make their home elsewhere, and Ohio is thus deprived of hundreds of millions Of capital. The state is justified, however, in levying a tax upon foreign stocks and bonds at a low rate. This is for the reason that the tax on the corporation of property, which is represented by the stock or bond, is collected by another state, and unless some tax were levied, Ohio would be put to the expense of government for the benefit of the owner and would be deprived of all revenue. The tax should be less than one-half of one percent, and the experience of Pennsylvania and Maryland proves that more revenue is collected by the low rate than by our present rates which amount to confiscation.

9. Business investments must be treated the same as parcels of real estate and must be taxed for what the business is worth, as a productive unit, as a going concern. Every man who own a business house knows what that business is worth for the purpose of sale to some one who might wish to buy him out. The reason that real estate taxation has been successful is because we have valued it by this rule. The Ohio Supreme Court has held that there is good will and surplus value in real estate, the same as in business, and that it is unfair and unscientific to tax all such value in real estate and to tax business only upon its separate items of physical property. Massachusetts has used this unit rule tax for the past forty years, upon all corporations, and it is quite as successful as the real estate tax. Pennsylvania levies the same tax upon all corporations. New York, Connecticut and Illinois al^o treat a business as a productive unit, and levy the tax upon the selling value of the whole business as a going concern. Good will in business is taxed everywhere in England and in France and Prussia. Ohio, today, applies this Unit Rule tax to express companies and to telegraph and telephone companies and they are more effectively taxed than any other line of business. Of course there are a great many small business ventures upon which it would be difficult to place a valuation. These must be grouped into classes and some fixed annual charge, similar to a license, collected, according to the relative importance of each class. The experience of other states teaches us that the larger business enterprises can be taxed without possibility of escape. The only objection which can be raised is that the private affairs of a company are made public, but fifty years of experience in England and in various states in this country show that this fear is imaginary and that the limited supervision necessary is not objectionable. The Unit Rule is applied thruout thewhr1^ country as to railroads, parlor it companies, insurance companies and' others, and it is impossible to tax such concerns effectively by any other method. Ohio is behind in the race. We have applied a different method of assessing business than we have in real estate and the result is that fully three billions of dollars of wealth escape taxation. Instead of taxing business for what it is worth as a going concern, we have simply asked the owners to make out a list of the tangible property owned and to tell us the I value for which they desired it to be | taxed. Every one knows that this value bears no proper relation to the actual sale value of the whole busines as a going concern. The system has been a farce and we can not have a proper tax system until it is corrected. Experience has shown that the tax is not a burden upon the owner of the business as it is levied at a low I rate and is part of the expense account and is diffused thruout the whole community and profits are not made less. Business men are willing to pay fair taxes if they know that all others are doing the same.

10. It is impossible, under the present system, to pay the high tax impoed upon deposits in banks, and the rate of taxation should be reduced to not exceed one-fourth of one percent. By requiring the banks to act as the agent of the government, we can require them to pay the tax and charge it to the depositor. Thus every dollar of the tax can be collected without escape and the people will be willing to pay the low rate.

11. No tax has ever been successful when the owner is allowed to make his own return. It always results in a tax upon the honest and the helpless; and the tax directly upon the furnishings of houses and upon personal adornments is a failure. We must substitute some method by which there will be no escape. No better plan has been proposed than to assume that the contents of a house or an apartment building, or an office building, bears some relation to the value of the property and to assess a small levy of perhaps one-fifth of one percent on the occupied property, to cover its contents. This will produce large revenue and will be as near to an equitable tax as can be applied, and will be immeasurably superior to present methods which do not have the accuracy of even good guess-work.

12. There are 77,000 persons in Ohio in the different professions. These and persons in other occupations who enjoy large incomes, which are not taxed in any way, should be required to pay same equitable annual tax.

Estimate Of Possible Remedies

Wealth represented in business probably equals the value of real estate. If we figure it at but one-half, we shall be safe: .8 of 14 on 2 billions would raise. . 16,000,000

Share of Wheat. - A rents 100 acres of land to B. on .shares, from April 1. 1907. to April 1. 1!> >S. B is to receive one-half of all crops for his service. A sells farm to E in November, after B has sown 20 acres of wheat. A and C had a notary publir write an article of agreement. A excepts 15 trees. 500 ft. lumber and some tile, that are on the farm, and agrees to give possession April 1, 1909. C pays $1.- 000 down, balance in three payments. (Signed) A and C. Can C hold half the wheat, or all of it? No wheat mentioned in the article of agreement. Subscriber. - A can hold whatever share of the wheat he was to have had. there being no sale of the farm, which you say is one-half. C simply steps into A's position, so far as B is concerned.

is very careful about her churn. She scalds it thoroughly after using, and gives it a sun bath to sweeten it. She knows that if her -hum is sour it will taint the butter that is made In it. The stomaoh is a churn. In the stomach and digestive and nutritive tracts are performed processes which arc, almost exactly like the churning of butter. Is it not apparent ihen that if this stomach-churn is foul it makes foul all which is put into it?

The evil of a foul stomach is not alone bad taste in the mouth and the foul breath caused by it, but the corruption o! the pure current of blood and the dissemination of disease throughout the bod v. Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery makes the sour and foul stomach sweet It does for the stomach what the washing and sun bath do for the churn - absolutely removes every tainting or corrupting element. In this way it cures blotch .s, pimples, eruptions, scrofulous swellings, sores, or open eating ulcers and ail humors or diseases arising from bad blood.

If you have bitter, nasty, foul taste in your mouth, coated tongue, foul breath, are weak and easily tired, feel depressed and despondent, have frequent headaches, dizzy attacks, gnawing or distress In stomach, constipated or irregular bowels, sour or bitter risings afler eating and poor appetite, these symptoms, or any considerable numberof them, indicate that you are suffering from biliousness, torpid or lazy liver with the usual accompanying indiestion, or dyspepsia and their attendant

From this size up to largest, standard mills with variable friction feed. Favorite* in every lnraber district. Cut most with least power, ensy to handle. Edgers, Trimmers, Lath Mills, Shingle Mills, Cut off and Kip Saws, eta Send for iree catalog.

has been the reliable protective friend of farmers' property of ev3ry kind Rcildings Fire Live Stock against Cyclones Chops Toknados For Over Half a Century it lias never failed to fully pay every loss on most equitable basis. Call on Ohio Farmers' Insurance Co. Agents or write the company at Lie Roy, Ohio.

\lTlTl+Ofl - To correspond with party intake ¥» aiibCU charte of about fifty acres of ynoi.g frnit - apples, pears, pearlies, plums, cherries, etc. U ant h man competent to prune, spray and take general cure «>i my orchards. Can provide board f«<r siugle man. or furui»h comfortable house to man with family. Want competent man. State experience auu five reference. Address

1,'ARM POR RENT - Near SaJUbury. Wlenniii-n (- * rMaryland. Also one for sale. Kor full parti.-nl; rs address SAMUEL P. WOODCOCK, Salisbury. Mo.

Suppose you were to start out to buy a set of tools for your home - you are sufficiently well informed to be sure of getting the best of each kind, because all you have to remember is the one name Keen Kutter. But in buying a complete set you would be sure to forget something or possibly buy* some tools that you would seldom use. The most economical and satisfactory way is to buy a

Then you not only have all the tools you need and the means to keep them handily and properly, but you are sure that every tool is the best made.

This confidence is absolute, for you know if any tool should prove imperfect or unsatisfactory your money will be refunded without question.

The Farmers' Workshop

The first picture on this page shows a busy scene in front of the old work and blacksmith shop on the Buchanan homestead. The busy farm team has paused long enough to have a pulled shoe redrove, and the brood mare and foal are here to have their feet put in good condition by the use of the rasp. The horses are high-grade, pure-bred Percherons. The building in the background is the farm 4-ton scale-house erected over 25 years ago.

"Every man to his own profession," is an old adage. When a man attempts to attend to a number of divergent interests, he is said to have "too many irons in the fire." Very often some of them are apt to burn, and the overburdened man suffers loss. Some men have proved themselves to be manysided, and so methodical and economical of their time that they can dispose successfully of a variety of interests. But this does not warrant most men in multiplying their avocations. Again, it is advocated very properly, "that while we live we must let others live." That is, avocations should be divided up among our fellow beings. The farmer can not do all of his work on the farm. He must hire some as a rule. He must employ the mason, carpenter, blacksmith, cobbler, thresher, etc. This is especially true if the farmer is alone.

The farmer's life is a many-sided affair; more so than the most of other occupations or professions. It gives him a breadth in variety of thought and work that makes it very desirable for him to be a "Jack (an efficient one) of all trades." I wish to explain by calling attention to a certain class of farmers who are largely represented the Ohio Farmer's readers, viz. farmers who are rearing a young family of boys. I started out to write about the farmers' workshop; and can not make my thoughts more plain than by giving an experience in my father's family.

When my three brothers and I were little boys, we moved from town onto a farm. While I was born in town all of my direct ancestors as far back as I can trace them were farmers. We lived several miles from the nearest blacksmith shops, stores, carpenters, etc. I have often heard my father say that when he was a boy, all the tools he haci to use in making playthings, were an old-fashioned drawing knife, auger, gimlet, handsaw, blunt inch chisel and a barlow knife. Feeling grieved for want of tools, he told his father that if he ever got to be a man and had boys of his own he would buy them tools, a keg of nails and a wagon-load of lumber, and tell them to pitch in. The time came, and he built a shop 16 by 22 feet. He put in a full kit of blacksmith tools, carpenter tools and an abundance of iron and lumber.

We boys spent many a rainy day in making play things, and after a while we began to make repairs of the simpler kinds. Then we got to making sleds, drags, harrows, ladders and gates. We also had our fancy notions, making roller skates, bicycles, picture frames, harness, bolts and taps. We welded irons, sharpened tools and mone> Hs^lM ring done. But there are many things to be made and little joyed many pleasant and profitable things to be repaired, that with a welleven shod horses. Each one iea"t.,.I to shoe his own horses and one brother learned the trade at home. We enhours in the shop. We made many failures but our motto was to try again, even if it was at the expense of broken and misused nails, destroyed provided shop, can be done in less time than it would take to carry it to a tradesman's shop. For instance, before the shop was provided father was as much important time had been lost. A few years after the shop was a fixture, father was again finishing his harvest with a reaper, when a large and important bolt broke. J- means of the shop the machine was at work again in just one hour and the job finished before night.

We recall a few of the great many instances where the shop was a great time and money saver. At least four times there were tongues broken out of machinery and within one hour they eould be mended and replaced. It very frequently occurrs that something breaks about the thresher's outfit, and many times much valuable time is lost. A convenient shop saves it all. We are quite sure that it will pay the average farmer living one-half mile or more from a blacksmith shop to have a small or short kit of tools for himself. It will save much time and many dimes. In all these years we have saved much important time by repairing, etc. The shop and the training prepared us for the emergencies. To knowv that you are prepared to meet the many accidents, and that you can make many things that may be needed at almost any moment, is a great satisfaction. Again. I have no doubt but what this source of gratifying the energies of the young life in the shop, measuring our skill and employing our youthful minds, satisfied us with our lot, instead of making us seek company and pleasures away from the direct influence of our parents. - J. L. Buchanan, Carrol Co., O.

The Making Of A Good Farmer

lumber and bruised fingers. It was play and fun for us then, but long since I have learned that we were then both cultivating our minds and muscles to be able to turn them to many useful kinds of work on our farm. In later years we have heard father say that the money spent in building and supplying the shop was one of his best investments.

mowing a heavy meadow and was very anxious to finish that day. About two o'clock in the afternoon a bolt lost out of the machine. Failing to find it, he had to unhitch his team and go three miles to a blacksmith shop to get a new bolt made. Other people were there getting work done and he had to wait his turn. It was almost ten o'clock when he got the new bolt - 15 minutes work and a cost of 15 cents. The actual cost was a great deal more

I have often said that the only way to make a good farmer is to first make a good man; and the best way to do this is to begin with the boy. Teach him that in later years one of the hardest tasks before him is to unlearn the error in his life. Few boys would wish to leave the farm if they were made to feel that right on the farm they can have all there is in the world that is real and good; if they could be made to realize the great opportunities for education that may come to them just where they are. When the father and son realize what science is now doing for the farmer; when both will work together and avail themselves of its teachings, and both become conscious of their moral obligations to each other, and know that their interests are one; when the farmer is ready to fit himself to become his boy's teacher and. companion, then he will help his boy to make a good man and necessarily a good farmer.

Beginning early, he should enter into the boy's work and play with the spirit of a boy. He should be a boy with his boy and so enter into the heart of the lad. that he can bring out much more of the qualities and good which he possesses. Education does not put anything in the boy, but unfolds and develops what is already in him. Every boy has the capacity to rightly care for his own little garden, or calf, or chickens, if the parent becomes as interested in them as he i« himself, and patiently teache? him. We must let tne boys be boys before we expect them to be men. Be patient, for they must take all the steps that are between childhood and manhood, and they enter into the realities of life thru play. 1 would like to help the farmers and their children to see what is now available for their use as soon as they are ready to use it. The experiment station, the agricultural college, the farmers' institutes, the state conventions, the grange, and the agricultural papers, are all working for them. Rural schools will be so reformed and improved, that the boy or girl need not go to the city for opportunities for education and culture; changes are now under consideration in New York State that will bring to the farmers' children the best schools. Modern inventions and improvements have given the farmer the telephone, free rural mail delivery and the trolley car. The phonograph entertains with music or recitations. All that is worth having in this world is coming to the isolated farmer, and if he does not make the most of himself, and get more that is good out of life, it is because he is not using his opportunities.

The lower cut on first page shows the farm and buildings of a New York farmer who in a large degree has worked out successfully the ideals I have presented. This is one of the best dairy farms in New York, in the beautiful Ouleout Valley, and is near the village of Franklin. It is the home of Chas. 0. Potter and son. The son who lives with his family in the smaller house was so taught and inspired with a love for the farm that he chose the vocation of farming for a life; work. They built the house near to the one occupied by his father, and have established a profitable business. They are breeders of thorobred Guernsey cattle, and White Leghorn poultry. A herd of 23 cows are kept, and from the sales of the surplus stock, they average about $1,500 per year. The sales of dairy products yield nearly $1,000, and the total income from all sources is about $3,142. The estimated expenses are $1,250, which leaves a salary of more than $2,000 for father and son. This is a good salary for those living on a farm, where living expenses are light as compared with the city resident.

The advantages and privileges they enjoy would seem to more than offset those in the city. Modern inventions have brought to them about all that there is in the city that is desirable. Horses and carriages are ready for use at any time without extra cost. Near them are the best schools and churches, and here they know their neighbors as the city man never does. The Grange affords opportunities for social intercourse, and the average of culture and morality, I believe, is higher than in the cities. Here there is more time for reading books, and periodicals when one desires it. Every thing good may be had in the home - music and ar.., and there is plenty of room for making beautiful grounds about the house, where one may have the best in landscape gardening. All the compensations of ideal farm life, and many more, will come to those who desire them, and are ready to avail themselves of the teachings of modern horticultural science. The elder Mr. Potter has been at the head of different farmers' organizations, and is now master of the local grange. Results seem to prove that he took the right course Tvith his son. He has made a good farmer. - W. H. Jenkins, Delaware Co., N. Y.

Experiment Farm Notes

Annual Financial Statement. - As usual at about this date, I give the total income and expenses of the farm as an investment, not the earnings of myself as a worker or the expenses or benevolences of myself and wife. These last have no bearing upon the general purpose of the experiment, which Is to find out whether farming on a farm naturally of less than average Ohio fertility, but under intelligent supervision, can be made to pay reasonable dividends. The farm contains 1.16 acres of glaciated bowlder clay land, slightly rolling and with naturally tough, compact and rather thin and unproductive clayey soil. Until I bought it of my father in 18G3 and moved onto it in 1864, almost none of it was ever plowed, as was also true of similar «layey farms in the region. Under sheep and dairy farming the gross income seldom exceeded $500 to $700 per year, tho it then contained 145 acres instead of 116 as now. From 1.865 ot 1880 I farmed it chiefly with dairying, wheat, potatoes and clover, with fair income, and gradually tiled, up to date, over 72 acres, with a total of over 17 miles of tile drains. In 1891 I returned to the farm after an absence of eleven years' professional work, during which period I had run the farm by correspondence and with more or less frequent visits, and with a good foreman, and extra help when needed.

As to the "experiments," I have never attempted to prove what will not pay, but what will pay. I never believed that failures in farming are as instructive to others as are successes. Any fool can fail. We want to know how best to succeed in nny given soil in any given circumstances. And so I have tested the things I firmly believed wouldi pay best under all my circumstances; as, for example, tile drainage, as a basis for orcharding ahd for potatoes, wheat and oats in a clover rotation. I grow no corn, for I can grow, on the average, two bushels of potatoes or four bushels of apples as cheaply as one of corn, since my soil and climate are not well adapted to corn except with heavy manuring, and its high local altitude gives fine "frost drainage" for apples. Dairying and milk shipping pay well for my neighbors, but I am absent so much that I make dairying a minor issue, ship no milk and simply sell a few fresh heifers, in the fall and winter usually, to my neighbors who ship milk. For seventeen years now I have kept careful accounts, with the above questions kept clearly in view, and have published them^for each calendar year, early the next January, as below, the several items being numbered for convenience of reference in the remarks below. Here are the figures for 1907, given to the nearest dollar: on the whole, the most disastrous crop year in ten years on my farm - see 10- year table below. Nor has it been so from any negligence on my part, so far as I can see, but from climatic causes beyond my control which caused almost a complete (comparative) failure of apples and potatoes, usually my heaviest money crops and only a half crop of maple syrup. No. 6. Hay was my only good crop, the sales reaching

$528, gross, besides keeping plenty to winter 16 head of horses and cattle. No. 7, 8, 9 and 10. I think it only fair to credit the farm as an investment, with all these.and lhey are put far below city and village rates. That is, to credit the farm with all that it produces or furnishes, whether sold, or rented for pay, or used for the needs and comfort cf the family, or as part pay of hired help. No. 12. The labor involved here is charged below in the labor account, in Nos. 14-17 inclusive. No. 18. Considerable maple syrup had to be bought to fill paid orders accepted on the supposition that we were to have an avarag* crop, not a half crop as we really had. No. 20. Since we grow no corn and sell most of the oats we have to buy grain and mill feed for the live stock. Nos. 24 and 25. Since we sell so much hay, apples, etc., we have to buy considerable clover seed and c ommercial fertilizer 'to maintain and increase the fertility of the farm, aided by the manure from some 16 to 20 head of horses and cattle usually kept, and from all the straw. No. 17. My physical labor is charged, not mental and clerical labor in advertising, making wise sales, keeping accounts, etc. If I worked all the time at home and not simply one-third, I could hire far i less. Nos. 13, 29 and 30. The net income was only $456, or 4% percent on $10,000 - the lowest in ten years. See ' the table below:

Cross And Net Income Of Farm And Or- I. Chard

Averages for 10 years. 3,434 1,370 1,267 888 That is, the average net income for the farm for 10 years has been $1,370 per year or 13.7 percent on $10,000,the real value of the "plant." Also from 10 acres of bearing trees (400 trees) I the average net income has been $888, | or 88.8 percent on a valuation of $100 I per acre! Clearly the orchard is the j one thing that pays far the best on that farm. And when it nearly fails, as it did this year for the first time, it cuts in terribly on the gross and net income of the farm. Still if we had j no orchard we should put more time and more thought on other crops and on the dairy, and get more money from j them. - W. I. Chamberlain. Jan. 6, '08.

A Few Florida Observations

To leave Cincinnati, with its snow and cold wind one evening, and to eat supper on the Florida gulf coast with open doors the next evening, is a , transformation that one can only fully appreciate after having experienced it. | The old Florida resident will hug a burning pine knot and tell you how much more severe their winters have become since the forests have been so ! largely removed.

The razor-backed hog story, which is original with most of the Ohio farmers' j institute lecturers, is no story at all in Alabama and Florida. We felt sure of a snap shot picture of a three-legged hog at Cottondale. :\->... but the hog had been familiar wirti the village for probably a number of years and it was j not possible for us to keep in range. The home-grown hop is frequently seen butchered and hanging in the general store. The facial expression is most grewsome with the long tusks extouding from the mouth. The body formation more nearly resenbio-; tint of the weasel than the corn-fed hor.

It was our privilege to meet Director Rolf of the Florida Experiment Station on the train from Pensacola to Jacksonville. He was returning home from farmers' institutes being held in the western part of the stpte. H? reports the work as being new and not thoroly organized, yet the possibilities are great. Mur'i capital will be re- 1 quired to improve the land and inten- 1 sive lines of special farming will be | the tendency rather than stock raising.

It seems queer that anybody should enjoy winter, doesn't it? It would be if winters in the Pan Handle country of -Northern Texas, Western Oklahoma and Eastern New Mexico were like the winters you know about. The Pan Handle farmer seldom sees snow and as for a hard freeze, well, he doesn't know what one looks like! He lives a free, outdoor life all year; makes good money and is happy. He is plowing in January and February. What are you doing then? He is planting in February and March. Wouldn't you enjoy winter if you could do that?

His children go to near-by schools as freely in winter as in spring and fall, and a two or threemile drive to church on Sunday in winter is a pleasure.

You can bet your bottom dollar he is glad his stock gets good range all year. It makes a big difference in profits if a man doesn't have to feed stock all winter and build warm shelter for them. That's how he's getting the best of you in winter. But he's better off than you are in summer, too. He bought his land at from $10 to $15 an acre. What did you pay for yours? He gets 20 bo 30 bushels of wheat, 40 to 50 bushels of corn to the acre. What do you get?

You couldn't get a Pan Handle farmer to swap places with you. It's no use to try. He knows when he's got a good thing. There's plenty of good, rich land in the Pan Handle selling at from $10 to $15 an acre, - good, chocolate loam, 4 to 8 feet deep, with clay subsoil and plenty of water.