Farmer Township (part 7 of 25)

A Model Percheron

interested , to see, on this page, an accurate and trustworthy picture of the famous stallion "Pink," considered by many the greatest animal that the Percheron breed has produced up to date. He is in service at the head of the stud of the famous Oaklawn Farm of Dunham & Fletcher at Wayne, Du Page Co., Illinois. He was twice champion at the International at Chicago, and has won the highest hOnors»at every state fair where shown. It is not in individual excellence alone that he surpasses, but as a breeder he'is equally successful; in fact, Messrs. Dunham & Fletcher write us that they think his colts surpass even those of Brilliant 1271 (735), the most famous sire of Percheron history, who was so long at

«ver^ carrier should know how to feed properly. Many feed too wide a ration, not suyji.'ying enough protein to keep up muscle and energy. The nutritive ratio for a driving horse doing heavy duty should be near 1 to 7. We would advise selling some corn and buying some oats. To get a nutritive ratio of about 1 to 7, with a proper amount of hay, use about equal parts of oil meal and bran in the mixture. If your horse needs about 30 lb. a day, use 1U lb. each of oil meal and bran, 7 lb. corn, 7 lb. oats and 13 lb. hay. This is a day's ration - three feeds. You can ascertain how much your horse needs per day. We once had a 1000-lb. horse that never ate over 20 fo 22 lb. a day, of hay, bran, oats and corn, with a little oil meal two or three times a week. If a horse is worked hard he should have a larger proportion of grain or concentrates and less hay. The rule given by Prof. Henry is perhaps as good as any for regulating feed. Furnish 2 lb. or note of provender for each 100 lb. of weight. For ordinary work, half the feed for the day should be grains or some form of concentrates. For heavier work, more grain and less hay. For hard work, two-thirds should be concentrates. The morning feed should be lightest and the night feed heaviest. The morning feed should not be bulky - much hay and little grain - but the contrary. If the time is short for the

Oaklawn stud. So remarkably good are Pink's produce that every stud colt by him has been sold before he was two years old, and there is an equally active demand for his filly colts. He weighs at present 2,050 lb..

Our oldest pigs are now six weeks old and are eating their full share of the slop, while the sowg receive more corn and less slop, but they require less as they have access to grass. These nice warm rains, while retarding the sowing of the oats and barley, have started up the young grass so that the sows find pretty good picking and do not require so much slop as when confined to dry feed. We now have 20 sows in tbe hog-house but only allow 10 of them to be out at one time. while the other 10 are confined. The False partitions have all been torn out and there are two departments, one on each side, 10x3. with an alley between to feed the little pigs by themselves. When we want to let one side out we call the other side In and drop the door which confines that side. We then raise the door on the other side and let them go out to grass awhile. -

If we could plan it so. I would prefer that the sows be away not more than two hours. With the cold win. Is that we have in April, the little pips are more

Next Fall when your stock - all kinds - goes to market with more flesh and in better condition - more pounds and a better price - yoil will see the protit of using

Recommended as a dip for all live stock and general disinfectant by the agricultural experiment stations of the various States, and permitted by the V. S. Government for the official dipping of sheep scab.

Kills out mange, scab, cholera and every other germ disease in cattle, sheep, horses, swine and poultry, and prevents their coming back. Rids stock of lice, and makes light feed bills, because gets all the fat from their feed.

Made by e Xpert chemists, not mere compound 5UXeij *ested at every stage of preparation. .Proved by fifteen years of actual farm use, and every gallon guaranteed standard.

Pricest 1 gal. f makes « 00 gallons dip and disinfectant) $1.50; S gal. $6.75; 10 gal. *12.50. Quotations on quantity furnished gladly. Sold by all representative dealers.

"Making Stock Healthy and Keeping Them oo is a thoroughly scientific and practical common-sense work on the methods of prevention and cure of all germ diseases in every kind of farm stock, poultry, etc, Sent free on request.

Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Capped Hock, Strained Tendons, Founder, Wind Puffs, and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone and other bony tumors. Cures all skin diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes all Bunches from Horses or Cattle.

Every bottle of fanatic. Balaam sold is Warranted to give satisfaction . Price 8$ 1 . GO per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent by express, charges paid, with full directions for its use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimonials, etc. Address

Cough E Heaves

Can yon afford to neglect horses that are coughing, and let the disease terminate in broken wind or heaves, when it costs only 3Kie i> clay to treat a horse properly for either cough or heaves.

Dr. W. C. Fair'S

LARGEST IMPORTERS and BREEDERS in AMERICA of PERCHERON BELGIAN and GERMAN COACH STALLIONS and MARES. Imported 400 in 1907 and now have on hands over 200 head. The last Importation arrived in Nov. 1907 All from three to rive y^ars old, sound and serviceable horses that will do our customers good.

We won mor? prizes in 1907 than all other;- combined, and every prize winner is for Bale Our prizewinner* tost no moi t other impoitau ask for tl.vir horses that have won no j unci Prices run fmu $700 up. IV e can show more k io2 sound, ser\ ireable horses than any importer in America, and sell on long time, and back every horse by a *rilt-edpe guarantee. Deliver all lioiJ that we sell. Come^nd see Of,

SHIRE, PERCHERON, BELGIAN and HACKNEY STALLIONS. Write or come to our barns and get our prices on young, fresh imported stallions. He have no old, left-over ones from last year, and have 250 stallions from one** to four years old! Come and see our horses, for we can please you and save you from $500 to $1,000 on every individual and give the best and strongest of guarantees.

Lymphangitis, I',ruls«« mnd Swelling*. Lammett aid AU:i;. h I'aln tjuirkly without ISlisterinK, removing the hair, or laying the horse up. pleasant to use. $2.00 per bottle, delivered with full directions. Hook 5-C, free.

Company

has been the reliable protective friend of farmers' property of every kind BrnxDiNea Fire Live Stock against Ct< i.ones Cbops Tobsados For Over Half a Century it has inner failed to fully pav every loss on most equitable basis. Call on. Ohio Farmers' Insurance Co. Atreuts or write the company at LeRoy. Ohio.

Coal Tar Disinfectant And

None Better. Gallons. $1.25. 5 pal. Cans. $5.00. Special prices in barrel lots. Use MAA>>' MOCi BEcMEHV, standard of America for 30 vears. 25 lb. Cans. $6.75. 12^i lb. Cans. SJ.;5. Send for free "HOGOLOGY." expert treatise on swinc-rnising. Free Roods to cover transportation chanres.

Dr. Jos. Haas Remedy Co

Oldmt American Dip. Onoaport, 1 m »»t effective, vtrongwt obtninablo. l K-ni. . m ... en: i-..rr. i >i 1 Catalog Stockmen'* Supplies Free. F, S. BIRCH & CO.. 177 Illinois Street, CHICAGO.

inclined to stay around the hog-house because they can not stand the cold as well as their mothers. After awhile they get hungry and when they hear a sow coming in they are on the alert for something to eat, and often 25 or 30 will try to get around one sow to nurse. This makes it very bad for the sow as well as the pigs and causes much confusion, and for this reason I prefer to have them, confined to the bog-house the most of the time, especially when the pigs are so young.

It is not a good plan to keep sows confined too long without exercise, especially young sows. Their blood becomes thickened with heavy feeding and no exercise, and when they are turned out the exercise causes a trouble in hogs similar to azoturia in horses. "We have lost several by keeping them confined too long. There is little danger with old sows, yet it is not wise to keep them in confinement too long, altho I do not remember that we ever lost one after it had attained two years of age, which would indicate that it affected their bone and muscle more than the blood, but this is of little consequence as the result is the same.

At first we only had six sows on each side, but as the pigs got older we added more from the hog-barn until we now have ten on each side, all of about the same age. The older and crosser ones are kept together on one side while the younger and more timid are kept together on the other side. Many of these things seem like trivial affairs yet it has taken a long time to iearn how to manage them best and r.early every day something occurs to remind me of a loss I have sustained at some time in the past on account of doing so and so, when I could have obviated it by doing just the right thing haa I known at that time just how to do best. - Walter S. Tomlinson, Defiance Co., O.

Sheep On The Western Plains

Much more attention is given to the breeding of sheep thruout the West now than formerly. Many of those Western sheepmen come to Ohio and Michigan every year and buy the very best selections that can be found among the finer wooled sheep. A great many of their heavier shearing rams come from California and Oregon. The more successful sheepmen are paying Stricter attention to the breeding Of heavier fleeces. The state of Wyoming now averages abr-it 8% lb. to each sheep and that of Montana is fully as much. Wyoming with 7 or 8 million, Montana with 8 or 9 million, California, Oregon, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, with their millions almost as great - you will wonder how they ever manage to get them sheared. The seasons for shearing in the different states are adjusted. California shears the latter part of January and in February, Arizona in February and March, Nevada in March, and April, Wyoming in April and May, Colorado in May and June, Montana in' June and July, and California again in August and September. By this arrangement a shearer, if he wishes, can shear almost the year round. Shearing time is a busy one for the sheepmen. Quite often one man will have 40 to 60 thousand sheep to shear, but more frequently they run from 5 to 20 thousand. One man at Billings, Mont., about three years ago, sheared 100,000 head and claimed to have over 800.000 lb. of wool. These sheep are sheared as near as possible to some railroad, to avoid hauling the wool. By so doing the sheep are made to haul it. Sometimes they are driven more than a hundred miles to be sheared. All shearing is done in sheds built for that purpose. Each shearer generally has a pen to himself into which the sheep are turned, and turned out for him when sheared. These pens are about 10 ft. long and 6 ft. wide. Sometimes the pens are larger and two shearers occupy one pen. Sometimes as many as 60 shearers are employed at one of these shearing corrals, turning out from 5 to 6 thousand sheep per day. An ordinary shearer with a pair of seven-inch blades (some use e^i-inch shears) can shear 100 to 125 full-wooled sheep, averaging from 8 to 10 lb. to the fleece, andi tie his wool.

hours. The ordinary shearer does this. Many expert shearers quite frequently go beyond the 200 mark. The writer sheared 233 in 1.0 hours, 5,800 in 36 days, and tied all the wool. I do not mean to boast, but simply to show what can be done with a pair of sheep shears. If 1 were to try to tell you how it is possible to shear so many sheep, I would say, first, that a good, practical knowledge of how to equip the shears or rig them, as we call it, is of the greatest importance. No Western shearer thinks of using a new pair of shears without first having put about two hours' work On them. It would be to him like trying to chop with an axe without a handle. Secondly it takes practice and plenty of it, along with patience and a strong determination to succeed. All shearing is done by the head, the average price being about 8c per sheep. The shearer occupies one end of the pen and shears with the sheep on the floor, which avoids the lifting, and besides, the sheep are much more easily held in position.

The wool is put into sacks as fast as it is taken "off the sheep. Sometimes 500 sacks of wool can be seen piled up at one of these shearing corrals. The snow or rain doesn't seem to damage it providing it is well sacked. In Montana much of the- shearing is done out on the ranches, the country being to much fenced up to permit trailing them into the railroad. Many of these ranches are 100 to 150 miles from the nearest railroad and all supplies consumed by these ranchers must be hauled out in wagons. It also makes quite a lengthy ride for the shearer, giving him a good opportunity to see the country. The wool is drawn to town on wagons, generally from two to four wagons chained together, using anywhere from four to twenty horses in one outfit. These freighters are often a week getting into town, 20 to 25 miles making them a good day's drive. Enough grain is taken along to feed the horses while on the road. At night they are turned loose on the plains to graze, rounded up in the morning and fed from nose bags.

This wool on its arrival at the railroad is stored in large wool houses, where it is sold to Eastern buyers, then baled, putting three sacks in a bale, and shipped to the Eastern markets.

Taking it all in all, the sheepmen of the West are very successful. It is no uncommon thing for them to raise 90 percent Of their lambs which always bring them a good price, anywhere from $1.50 to $3. From 8 to 10 lb. of wool off of each sheep, at 20c to 24c per lb., brings them- from $2 to $2.50 per head. So you see that even one band of 3,000 ev es would make a very profitable investment if rightly cared for. - Geo. B. Ford, Cambridge, O.

Cresceus Goes To Russia

We have just received a letter from M. W. Savage, manager and proprietor of the International Stock Food Co., which reads as follows: "I suppose you will be interested in knowing that the champion trotting stallion of the world, Cresceus 2:02%, is going to St. Petersburg, Russia. The Russian people have been after him for a long time and we finally agreed on $25,000. A large payment was cabled this week and delivery will be made some time during the first part Of May. Having four great stallions, in addition to young ones coming on, I decided to make this sale. This leaves me three proven great sires and with my young stallions this will give me a stud that will fully meet my breeding demands. The sale was completed by cable and signed, Tshmerzin."

W. I. Wood'S Shorthorn Sale

"W'e dosire to call attention once more to the excellent opportunity to secure good. Shorthorn breeding- stock at the ninth annual sale of W. I. Wood. WilIi»msport.O., on Wednesday. May 13. The high quality of Woodland Shorthorns is established and prospective buyers should not fail to attend this sale.

The Iowa, high carbon steel gates are simple, light and easily swung either way. Can be hung close to the ground, hogtight and ohicken-tight. but never drag because outer end or entire gate can be adjusted any desired hight from ground. In winter can easily be swung over the snow. For a very fair proposition and catalog, address Iowa Gate Co., 19th St., Cedar Falls, Iowa.

Congo

Try It Cover that old roof, which you have repaired for years, with Congo, and you'll find It the most durable, PROOF - AGAINST - EVERYTHING kind of roofing made.

Cheaper Than Shingles And Will Outlast Them

Economical? Yes, for your bills for repairs on other kinds of roofs In a few years would pay for Congo. It's not affected by heat, cold, rain or snow. It Is soft and pliable - like rubber - but infinitely superior because It will not crack, buckle or shrink. Congo will give maximum service at minimum cost. CHEAPER THAN SHINGLES AND WILL OUTLAST THEM.

Write for a Free Sample. TEST IT. Soak It in water as long as you !lke. Water can't hurt Congo. To heat, cold and acid fumes it is also impervious.

Remedy

Upon the urgent request of bnyers fit my Inst sale. March 19. I cnhlcd nt once to Europe for 611 m ire Belginn anil IVr< ln r .n Stallions ami Mine!., which will I..- ». ,.l \Yr<l.,May ti. l'.MIX. SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM at S o'clock a. in. You will find there imported and home-bred stallions and mare* - Beigittns, Perchenms and German Coachers - home-bred druft geldings suitable for brewery teams - some high-stepping coach horses in pairs. Also some single driving horses and mares. Farmers and breeders will find it to their interest to be at this sale. Watch for a change in this adv. from week to week. Uo not miss any of the good things. Catalogs will be nut one week before, sale. Send for one. Citizens' Phone 260; Bell Phone U51 W

A Pennsylvania correspondent, in issue of April 4, did some rather ludicrous thjeorizing aoout the dual-purpose cow. His whole contention seems based on the assumption that a cow must be the extreme opposite of the beef form in order to be a profitable milk producer. I know that this theory is settled in the minds of most people, but the belief that the earth was flat was just as firmly fixed for a hundred times as many generations as this notion has held sway. Admitting that the great dairy breeds are quite different in bodily appearance from the beef breeds, it is not proved that there is any causative connection between body form or size and quantity or quality of milk. Does dairy form mean that a cow of triple-wedge shape will give a larger quantity of milk than one of more rotund form? If so, the Jersey must not have the dairy form for certainly no one will contend that the average Jersey will yield more milk than the Red Poll or English Shorthorn. If it means that a cow of a certain form will give richer milk than one of other form, then the Holsteins must not have the right form, must in fact be the extreme in "beefiness" for no breed known gives on the average thinner milk.

Again, if there is a connection between body form and the milk-giving function, the law would certainly hold with other animals just as with cattle, and the angular Merino sheep ought to be a better milker than the rotund, beef-type English breeds, and the Thoroughbred and American Standard bred mares ought to nourish their colts better' than the Percheron and Belgium mares. I think it so well Tecognized that "dairy form" does not hold with other kinds of animals that it needs little arguing. It is known that the Belgium mare nourishes her offspring just as well as the Thoroughbred, and the Southdown, that is as far as possible removed from the triple-wedge shape, nourishes her lambs far better than the angular Merino.

If association of facts were conclusive testimony as the advocates of dairy form assume, when to their purpose, more evidence could be adduced to prove that the milk giving function is dependent upon a cylindrical form. The Poland-China sow nourishes her young better than her extreme opposite, the razor-back. The real truth is that there is no connection between body form and the milk-giving function. The Jersey is the form she is, not because she had to be in order to be a profitable dairy cow, but because her breeders chose to have her that form just as they determined her size and color. She might just as well have heen red and round. It was a longtime thought that the color of skin and its secretions determined the percent of butter fat, and it was that notion that determined the prevailing color of the Jersey. It is now known, tho still doubted by some, that the color of the skin has no connection with the percent of butter fat or with its color.

The Holstein does not give thin milk because of her color or her size. Each of these characteristics is independent of the other. She can be made to give rich milk without changing her color or may have her color changed without affecting the percent of butter fat. In fact, in her native country she is a red cow quite as often as black and white. She, too, might have been red and round if her breeders had chosen to have her so. The cylindrical Devon gives just as rich milk as the Jersey and the cylindrical Ayrshire gives about as thin milk as the Holstein, while the cylindrical Brown Swiss has a record to compare favorably with the Holstein as to quantity.

I am not arguing that the highest development in meat and milk production can as easily be secured in one animal as in two, but that there is no more reason for saying that a cow must be angular to give milk, than there is for saying that she must be cylindrical. Whenever you try to develop two irrelated features simultaneously.progress will necessarily be made more slowly. Shorthorns might have been all red, indeed there was a fad prevailing for a time demanding that they be red, but it was discovered in time that to discard the roans and whites was to discard so many excellent animals that the improvement of the breed could be greatly retarded. I think it just as possible that the development of the dairy breeds has been retarded by insisting that they be of a certain form. Our present system of judging dairy animals by an outline score card is a mill stone about the necks of the breeds. One might as well go out with tape line to pick out a race horse.

The reason the American trotting horse has made more rapid development in the desired feature is because he has been bred for speed alone; size, color, and form have been ignored. The French breeds have made progress more slowly because they have insisted that besides going fast their trotting horse should have attractiveness in form and action. The French trotter can not trot as fast as the American, not because beauty is antagonistic to speed, but because some of the fastest horses did not at the same time have beauty. I think no one believes that the color black is antagonistic to speed, but if American breeders had insisted that all race horses be black, I think they will agree that we should not have developed speed so rapidly. There is no reason, however, for contending that the two-minute trotter could never have been produced thru a strain of black horses, nor is there convincing evidence that the Frenchman will never succeed in producing the two-minute trotter in connection with beautiful form and carriage. A breed of cows developed for good beef form and profitable milk production will make progress more slowly than a breed developed along a single line, but there is no evidence that progress can not be made in the simultaneous development of both features, and that a high degree of excellence in both features may not finally be attained. - H. P. Miller.

The Balanced Animal

A cow or pig to be useful in the highest degree must have well-developed consuming, digestive and assimilative capacities. An animal may have a line of illustrious ancestors recorded in its pedigree as long as a hay rope, but-this only indicates that she has been well born and that she may be expected to be diligent in well-doing if her owner and feeder is diligent in his duty to her. One of the first and most important duties of the feeder is to build up the appetite and digestion of the young animal, so that it will have a capacity for heavy consumption. The neglected or stunted calf or pig is not only nnder-size in frame and stature, but stunted in eating capacity as well. Growth, fat. milk, energy and work all come from food eaten, and in the most scientifically balanced ration ever evolved from the great brain of an agricultural school professor, and compounded from the most digestible and palatable feeds known to science. there are only given amounts of nutritive elements that an animal may use. Milk is practically wholly digestible and corn has more digestibility than any other grain we raise, but it is doubtful if any animal ever recovers from either of these greatest of feeds the full amount of their digestible nutrients; but certainly the animal having the most perfectly developed and active digestive faculties most nearly recovers all the nutrition contained in the ration of milk and corn, or in any other ration. Hence the desirability of having a good digestion wait on a good appetite.

In growing, say, six pounds of oorn, four pounds of oats and twenty pounds of best mixed hay. nature put in definite quantities only of the food elements recoverable by the best constituted animal. If a good cow shall eat this ration and have digestive and assimilative functions to recover the possible limit of its nutrition, and maintain her normal weight and produce two pounds of butter fat per day. we may safely assume that that Is the limit of possible butter fat production from that ration. If another cow shall not be able to consume this ration, and shall maintain her normal weight, It is plain that she can not make and deliver In her milk as much as two pounds of butter fat a day. Again. If another cow shall ent this ration and keep her normal weight, which of course must be the same as the weight of the first cow, adds greatly to the appearance of a dwelling, barn, stable or any building it covers, but the color must be permanent or instead of an ornament it soon becomes an eyesore. The color of

Red Roofing

Ruberoid Red Roofing combines Economy, Durability and Color Effect. Moderate in price, requires no skilled labor to apply, and saves repair bills.

Fire-Resisting, Weather-Proof

There are no different grades of Tubulars built. The best that can be built is what the dairyman needs, and it's what he gets who buys a Tubular. Some "bucket bowl" manufacturers advertise and advocate two or three different qualities of separators, firsts, seconds, thirds, etc. They are bound to get a man's money if he has any. They don't furnish even their own best always, but try never to miss a customer. If the present-day sale is made these hucksters of -different grades don't care for the dairy service of the future.

The Tubular looks to the future interests and profits of customers. Every buyer of a Tubular gets not only the best separator that the world knows, but he gets the kind he pays for. and it is exactly the same separator that every other purchaser gets.

There is only one grade of Tubular - the suspended bowl, bottom feed, enclosed gear, self-oiling, low-down supply tank, cleanest skimming machine. Each is perfectly built, all are alike, all are guaranteed the same.

You're always safe when you buy a Tubular. If several grades were made yon not be safe, and might have a mistake to pay for. Be safe and get the best at the start: the best is not too food for any dairyman - the best is always the cheapest. Write for catalog No. 151

To Farm And Save You 50 Per Cent

I am ottering every farmer Ju>t that sort of machine In my >ew Improved Galloway at a price that will fit anv p.>cketl>«ok. and will take all tho risk of my M>parator plaa.li.,.-

I will send It out on my 30 days-'free trial plan, backed by my regular riVOOQ legal bond guarantee, UO you ran Judge for yourself Its merit.

- Then to the first farmer In any section who hnys my separator I am poing to make lb* greatest proposition ever made bv any manufacturer on a cream separai r.

My Special Proposition Is something new. Don't fall to write me for It at once. The offer Is good only for the urst party in any locality buying one of my separators.

I guarantee tho Galloway Is Just the mach ln« you want on your farm. That Is exactly what I do when 1 olfi r to li t vou try It 30 ilnrs on my free trial p!an bamtary. Kaay run* p. P ' I It s'tronjrcr than '. A beamy in design. point. In fact, It sold direct to you under cos you are willing to

Cream Separator

^Because it has that solid, low frame ; most simple yet efficient bowl, holding World's Record for cleanest skimming ; so many conveniences; and the easiest running separator made.

and shall not produce two pounds of butter fat, it is obvious that she is not up to the par of the first cow in digestion or in assimilation. Consequently, we see the great importance in live stock production and improvement of our breeding and developing animals alike strong in all esse " ial points - animals perfectly balanced in their functional ability to perform the work required of them.

Furthermore, it is manifest that if the cow weighing eight hundred pounds, by perfect digestion and assimilation, makes two pounds of butter fat from a given ration, the beefy cow, weighing one thousand pounds, can not maintain her normal weigbt and from the same ration make as much as two pounds of butter fat. The one cow has a daily production of two pounds of butter fat worth thirty cents a pound. The heavier cow can make possibly but one pound of thirty-cent fat because she must direct part of what she found in the ration to keeping up cow weight, worth four cents per pound. Hence it seems to be a most logical conclusion that it is absurd to expect the heavy, beefy cow to be as profitable a dairy animal as the distinctive dairy cow, granting their constitutional equality. - "V. . F. Mc- Sparran, Lancaster Co., Pa.

This Book Free

It's packed with Information about silos and silag-e. It tells how to raise silage crops and what crops are best to raise tor silage; how to make silage and how to feed it profitably. It tells how you can buy a good silo at a reasonable cost, how to set it up, and how to make money out of it after it is erected. It gives feeding rations for cattle and will show you how to make more money out of your farm with less labor than you do now. It tells all about the

Handy All Steel Frame Silo

"Made in Saginaw" and why it is the silo to buy; why it won't warp, bulge out, rot or topple over. Why it lasts longer, stays air-tight and keeps silage m perfect condition. Why its doors never bind and why it is stronger, better and more durable than others. Write to-day.

Farmers Handy Wagon Co

Guaranteed to skim closer than any separator in the world. Sold direct from the factory. We are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of hand separators in America. You save all agents', dealers' and even mail order bouse profits. We have the most liberal 30 DAYS' TRIAL, \ freight prepaid offer. Write .for it today. Our new ' low down, waist high separator is the finest, highest quality machine on the market; no other separator compares with it in I// - - t close skimming, ease of 2 ).:,;[' - " ' MM jj'll cleaning, easy running, sim- BillH";;: MB? .1 plicity, strength or quality.

The Cost Of Building A. Creamery

During the past few years there have been built in the United States several thousand creameries, many of which have been successful from the start, while others have failed after a few months' operation, and some were never even started. An investigation of the creamery business in several states by the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that the cause of many of the failures was due to lack of a sufficient number of cows, which should not be less than 400, and that others failed because of improper organization, in the case of co-operative creameries, and excessive cost of building and equipment. Many creameries have cost about twice their actual worth, and were not of the type suited to the locality where they were built.

The cost of a building about 28 by 48 feet will vary from $800 to $1,400, dependent upon the locality, the construction, and the cost of material and labor. Such a building usually consists of a main work room, engine and boiler room (including space for refrigerator machine), coal room, and office. Machinery for a hand-separator plant, consisting of 15-horsepower boiler, 10-hoTsepower engine, combination churn with a capacity of 600 pounds of butter, and other necessary apparatus, will cost approximately $1,200. Machinery for a whole-milk plant will cost about $1,850. This equipment will handle from 1,000 to 1,200 pounds of butter per day. If a refrigerating machine is included, the cost will be from $600 to $1,000 more.

The total cost of a creamery would therefore vary from $2,000 for a simple hand-separator plant without artificial refrigeration, where labor and material are cheap, to $4,250 for a whole-milk plant, including artificial refrigeration and a higher cost of labor and material. The Department Of Agriculture is prepared to furnish information for the proper organization of creameries and cheese factories, and upon request will supply plan of organization, list of machinery, and plan for creamery. Correspondence should be addressed to the Dairy Division, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D: C.

Ohio Prize Jersey Calf

OHIO PRIZE JERSEY CALF. The prize Jersey calf given by Chas. A. and Wm. J. Pontius of Canton, O., for the highest scoring dairy butter, at the Ohio State Dairymen's Association, held at Columbus, O., Feb. 11 to 14, '08, has been received. The calf is a very fine bred animal as well as a fine individual. We are proud of it and wish to express Our thanks to these gentlemen for sending us such a fine animal. The double grandsire of this calf is Brown Bessie's Bell Boy No. 43,752 The sire is Bell Boy No. 78,989, and its dam is Bell Boy's Jewel No. 214,074. Wishing to make a public acknowledgement of out obligation to these gentlemen for their generous gift, we take this way, in preference to a personal letter - O. T. Aydeloth, Campbellstown, O., April 24, '08.

Portland, Oreg

Material used is the best. We don't take the lumberman's word, but buy the timber and cut it ourselves. We have been in the Ensilage Business 58 years and know what is wanted.

The E. W. Koss Co Save Money

We own oar own "mills," at Merrill, Miss., in the finest Pine and Cypress belt in this country. Catalogue and a copy of " Thi Siio Advocate " FR££. -3- WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.

Read our trial ton offer and fill out the attached coupon and receive free a valuable book on feeding. You feed a milch cow for milk, not for fat, nor for

| special purpose feeds - Dairy, Cattle, Horse, Sheep, Swine, Chicken Fced9 and Calf Meal - each is prepared specifically to accomplish the result for which it is to be fed. SUGAROTA FEEDS are saccharine (molasses) fced9 made of pure feed elements throughout. No screenings, no weed seeds. Because of this absolute superiority in the elements, in the balancing and in the mixing, we guarantee the superiority of Sugarota Feeds in the results.

Our Trial Ton Guarantee Offer We will furnish yon. through your dealer, a ton of any Sugarota Feed for a three weeks' test, and if at the end of that time yon are not satisfied that it is srjperior to any other feed you have used, the feed used in the trial will not cost you one ceut.

The manure from saccharine feeds is recognized as the most valuable in the world, when free from weed seeds. The one objection urged against this manure by experiment stations has been the fact that some feeds leave the manure filled with weed seeds that befoul the fields M _ hulls, weed seeds or other worthless matter to dispose of. Our materials are bought on the open market and selected for their feed value only.

the excellence of, and the demand for saccharine (molasses) feed. It contains money-saving and money-making fact! for every owner of live stock, no matter what feeds or methods he is using.

This book is worth $1 at publisher's price, but it is worth many dollars to the dairyman ot feeder who is looking for larger profits. Fill out and cut out the coupon now and send it, lest you forget. North -West Mill* Co. 502 W. Third St.. Winona, Minn.

North Carolina

The growing of winter lettuce in eastern North Carolina is an industry that has assumed large proportions within the past few years. While the proper conditions for its culture exist along much of the east coast, its extensive culture is found in few places, chief of which is New Bern. This place has good soil and is situated very fa- vorahly -on a peninsula formed by the juncion of the Neuse and Trent rivers, which are very wide at this point, and they serve to even the temperature.

Lettuce is probably the most profitable market-garden product of the Smith, area considered, and is grown during the cool season of fall, winter and spring, principally in frames covered with cotton cloth, tho somMise is made of glass, and open field culture is practiced to some extent. Among the extensive plants at New Bern is the one illustrated and described herewith, having 1G acres in frames with cloth cover, steam heat and overhead irrigation, with six acres additional that lias the overhead irrigation only.

Previously to setting the plants in the frames the ground is well prepared. If a crop of cowpeas has not been grown the ground is well manured with cow manure, when obtainable, and plowed in early fall not less than six inches deep. The early turning down of the cow peas or compost gives it ample time to decompose and become n:ixed with the soil. The surface is kept loose by an occasional working v ith a disk harrow. Before setting the plants, the soil is again thoroly worked with plow and harrow, the final work being done with a garden rakeywhich removes trash and leaves the ground level for the marker.

The young plants are ready for the frames in from four to six weeks after sowing the seed and are about three inches high, the fourth leaf just beginning to show. The large-heading variety is grown and is set either lOx 10 or 10x12 inches, a marker being used to get the spaces equal. After the plants are set they are protected for a few days with the cloth cover. It requires from 70 to 90 days from time of transplanting to the maturity of the plant.

The heatol and irrigated frames make the growing conditions largely under the control of the operator and very little cultivation of the growing plant is necessary, only enough to kill -weeds, a rake being used for the purpose when a deep hoeing is not required, one hoeing or raking being given when the second application of fertitlizer is made.

The frames are about nine feet wide and consist of ends, sides, rafters and posts, the whole requiring about 17,500 feet? board measure, per acre, which at $20 per M. would make the cost to build about $350. The ends and rafters are removable so that tne beds may be prepared with mule and plow.A threefoot alley is left between beds.

White cotton cloth known as "heavy domestic" is used for frame covers. It is 30 inches wide and runs about three yards to the pound and costs about eight cents per yard. Exclusive of the alleys it takes about 4,300 yards to cover an acre which would cost something like $345, to which must be added the cost of preparing and for the fastening of the cover to the frames. With good care these covers only last from three to four- years, therefore it will be seen that it is quite an item of expense to keep them up.

the middle of August, when the seed is sown for the first crop, to the first of May. when the last cutting is made. During this time the outdoor temperature rarely falls below 15 degrees, yet as low as two degrees has been known. The rainfall is about 3'_. inches per month, which is sufficient to grow a crop, but this is supplemented by irrigation, in case of drouth, and steam heat is furnished to alleviate the danger from frost.

The first, or fall crorp, goes to market from December first to January first, the seed for which is sown from Angst 15 to Septemberl and the plants transplanted to the covered frames from September 15 to October 10. The second crop is sown from October 1 to 15. the plants set from November 15 to December 15 and the crop marketed in March and April. The seed i3 usually sown broadcast in beds prepared in the open ground which are well crowned up to give sufficient drainace. It requires from two to three pounds of seed to produce plants enough to set an acre of frames.

inches in diameter and are laid along the ends of the frames, with a one-inch lateral running off at right angles thru the whole length of the bed. laid about three feet from the low edge. This is done because the heat rises to the high side of the frame which would be much the warmest if it were not equalized by laying as above stated. The steam is kept moving by having a slight opening, or exhaust, at intervals, several frames being connected to one exhaust.

The irrigating system is quite a plant of itself and is a great item of expense to install. The same boiler that furnishes steam for heating alsv> furnishes power to run the pump. from which is a main supply pipe, locate I in the center of the plat and elevated enough so that teams can easily work lender it. The "Skinner" method is used, which consists of lateral pipes, elevated about six feet and supported on the top of 4x4-inch posts. These laterals run down the alleys between the bed*, and will water two beds on each side, or about 20 feet each way. Tin y have brass spray niples screwed

Where the lateral joins the supply pipe, there is a globe valve, a loose joint and a lever for directing the spray. By means of the valve a bed may be sprayed or not as desired. The lever and loo-e joint allow the pipe to be turned its whole length, thus directing the spray from the line of nqzzles onto the beds on either side.

The water is taken directly from a ] driven well, the supply pipe to the pump being connected to the well pipe. The water is soft ?nd warm and is forced thru the pipes at the rate of 250 gallons per minute, with a 50-lh press- , ure, which is about the pressure required to make the spray effective. In a dry time it takes at least 6,000 gal- 1 Ions per day, for each acre, to keep the ; plants growing.

The question of fertilization for growing a lettuce crop is no small item, as it requires a great supply of humus. "No humus, no lettuce," is the motto of the grower. Humus is best furnished with cow manure, a material hard to get in the south. Besides this it requires a very liberal supply of high-grade commercial fertilizer.which is mixed on the farm from a formula which is varied to suit the conditions, but is approximately 4 to 6 percent nitrogen; 7 percent phosphoric acid and 8 percent potash, applied at the rate of 1,500 to 2,500 lb., or more, per acre, one-half of which is applied when the land is fitted a week or two before the plants are set and the other half three or four weeks after the plants have been set. After the crop is growing nicely nitrate of soda is raked in around the plants at the rate of 100 to 1.50 lb. per acre.

Lettuce can be packed for shipment only when dry, the plants being cut close to the ground and the outer leaves removed. All plants do not mature at the same time, therefore the beds are cut over several times. The packages used for shipping are the cone-shaped, veneer baskets of half-barrel capacity and it requires about 25 heads of firstclass lettuce to fill a basket, while the usual market run is from 30 to 40 heads.

Good lettuce will cut from 800 to 1,- 000 baskets per acre. The fall crop is cut in December as stated, and brings from $1 to $2.50 per basket. The spring crop is marketed from March 1 to April 20 and brings from $1.50 to $4.50 per basket. The crop brings in from $1,- 000 to $2,000 per acre, according to crop and market conditions.

Lettuce is grown only m rotation with other vegetables and on this irrigated land three and four crops are taken off in one season, the land being covered with a growing crop during the greater part of the year. There are many crops that can be rotated with lettuce, but the two given below will serve to show about the method applied, and they are expected to bring in about $3,000 per acre.

Four-Crop Rotation. - 1, lettuce, September to December; 2. beets. January tot April; 3, cucumbers, April to July; 4, cowpeas, July to September.

About the only disease that the grower has to contend with is one known as "drop." "damp" or "wilt." This disease is caused by a fungous growth that attac ks the* tissues of the plant, where it thrives, hidden, until nearly time to head, when it will droop in a single night and the whole plant - root, stem and leaves - will be covered with fine, cottony fibers. Sometimes insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers are introduced in solution into the pump when the plants are being watered, but no remedy has been found that can be applied in this way to prevent the disease named above.

The market for lettuce is principally in the Northern and Western cities, it leing estimated that not over five percent of the crop is used in the nearby markets. Tho freight rate to Northern cities is extremely low. either by boat, boat and rail or all rail route, and the carrying accomodations are good. The railroads are doing all in their power to give quick service and it is only a few hours from the time the succulent, crisp heads are packed in the basket at the plant until they are on the market in Washington, Baltimore. Philadelphia. New Ynrk and other Northern cities. - Frank M.Lutts.

The woman who has periodical headaches, backache, sees imaginary dark spots or specks floating or dancing before her eyes, has^gnawing distress or heavy full feeling in /tomach, faint spells, dragging-downAgeling in lower abdominal or pelvic region, easily startled or excited, irreguWror painful periods, with or without pHvic catarrh, is suffering from weaknesses and/flerangements that should have e.Wy attention. Not all of above symptottw ace likely to be present in any case at o/ie/ime.

sfveral ini1'rpriienrs--\vonlirr.on- than any number of ordinary tion-iiroft-sr-jorial gg i.|monials. The very best Tngredient3 known to medical science for the cure of woman's peculiar ailments ent< r into it3 composition. No alcohol, harmful, or habit-forming drug is to be found in the list of its ingredients printed on each bottle-wrapper and attested under oath.

In any condition of the female system, Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription can do only good - never harm. Its whole effect is to strengthen, invigorate and regulate the whole female system and especially the pelvic organs. When these are deranged in function or affected by disease, the stomach and other organs of digestion become sympathetically deranged, the nerves are weakened, and a long list of bad, unplorsant symptoms follow. Too much must not be expected of this "Favorite Prescription." It will not perform miracles; will not cure tumors - no medicine will. It will often prevent them, if taken in time, and thus tho operating table and the surgeon's knife may be avoided.

Women suffering from diseases of long standing, are invited to consult Doctor Pierce by letter, .free. All corre-iMmdence is held as strictly private and sacredly confidential. Address Dr. 11. V. Pierce, Buffalo. N. Y.

Dr. Pierce's Medical Adviser (1000 pages) is sent free on receipt of 21 one-cent stamps for pa per- covered, or 31 stamps for cloth- bound copy. Address as above.

The Reliable Dayton Motor Car Is not a Injury but a necessity because more ecomlral I efficient and rapid than a horse. Saves time - saves money Simple to operate. Staunchly built of best quality materials and the only motor car on the market today which has actually proved satisfactory In year I around ser\ice - w inter and Wll s*n»4 roads and bad. Solid rnbher liret.hence no punctures or tire expense. Twenty-inch I road clearance. A Reliable Dayton Motor! Car makes It possible to keep your horses I In the Held earning for yon. Will take you to town and back In one-sixth the time It now requires. Ready when yon are, for one mile orn hundred - requires no attention »hen| not in use and eats only when you use It. Let us send our catalog Illustrating and I describing all models, i'rices without t<»p: I 2-P.issrngrr Car. S760; 4-Pasjenner Car. SS25.

Auto-Sprat

It is guaranteed to be the most powerful, easily operated, economical hand Sj-rayrr made. Wiih it a boy outworks three men with or linarr device. Vsed by U.S. Government a ad State Expertmeat Stations. Fitted w"« *<"-- Pop Not lie il is equal to U'ce operations as welt as small. Write If yon want agency. Spraying Calendar >^ reet. C Brosri Co.. Js. »t nochtitsr, H.T.

It will give you instant relief, show you the harmless, painless nature of this great remedy and start you well on the way toward a perfect cure.

Just send your name and address to ' Pyramid Drug Co., 92 Pyramid Building, Marshall, Mich., and receive free by return mail the trial package in a plain wrapper.

How To Fight The Rose Chafer Lightning Rods

If you desire your buildings rodded by a Competent, Reliable Agent, send us your address and we will send you tbe right party to do your work.

Original Bags

The only Glass Valve Pump - never sticks - never fails - alwavs ready. Also HAY TOOLS, Barn Door Hangers, Hay Rack Clamps. Write today for Circulars and Prices.

Sold In Car Lots Only

The rose chafer beetle issues from the ground in June and within two or three weeks lays its eggs in the earth from one to four inches beneath the surface, usually in waste land, particularly if it be of light sandy character. The grubs, which much resemble the well-known white grubs of sod land, except for their smalh size, feed on the roots of grasses and various plants. They descend below the reach of frost on the approach of winter and in May a-cend nearer to the surface and pupate. Where practicable, badly infested sod may be plowed in late May, thereby destroying many of the pupae by breaking their cells, thus preventing the emergence of the same number of beetles.

After the beetles appear, there is no reliable remedy, except fencing them away from valuable plants, and by hand-picking. Sometimes they will not attack plants sprayed with Bordeaux mixture; again they pay no heed to any kind of spray. W'lile they are killed by strong arsenic compounds so many recruits are always ready to take the places of the destroyed beetles that the results of poisonous sprays are almost imperceptible. Especially valuable plants, such as grapevines, small fruit trees, etc., may be enclosed in mosquito netting for two or three weeks during the period of swarming of the beetles, but this method of protection is impracticable on a large scale. Newly-set clusters of grapes may be made safe by enclosing them in paper sacks.

The most practical device for use on a fair-sized scale is an umbrellashaped collector made of. cloth, having a hole in the bottom. Beneath the opening in the umbrella or funnel should be placed a pail containing water with kerosene floating on top. If the beetles above the collector are sharply disturbed by jarring, they quickly loosen their hold and are precipitated into the kerosene. It may be necessary to jar three times per day thru a period of ten days or two weeks to get a crop of grapes. With a sufficiently large collector one should be able to jar a rod of heavy grape row in less than five minutes. Some prefer a collector made by tacking cloth strips to long rectangular frames which are laid on the ground beneath the grape rows. When ready for use, the cloth is painted with kerosene or coal tar and jarring is performed by beating or shaking the vines. - H. A. Gossard, Ohio Experiment Station.

If you are growing crops, you expect rain. If you are spraying crops with Paris Green and Bordeaux, you hope it won't rain. If you are spraying with Bowker's "Disparene," "Pyrox" or "Boxal," the rain will help your crops and you will not have lost your labor, for these are the insecticides that "never wash off." Address this paper or Bowker Insecticide Company, Boston.

One good building, well constructed and kept up, is worth a half dozen poor ones, and will increase the market value of every acre of the farm, while poor buildings or buildings in bad repair will depreciate the value of the best/ farm in the country. It pays therefore to keep every building in first-class repair. Above all see that the roof is the best that can be got. L,eaky roofs are standing invitations to rust. rot. disease and decay. You can't hide a shoddy roof from a prospective buyer or the neighbor who keeps everything in tip-top shape. If your roofs are not up to standard write Patent Vulcanite Roofing Co., 626 S. Campbell Ave., Chicago, 111., for free samples of their Vulcanite roofing and their valuable roof book with full information on cheapest, quickest and best way to settle the roofing question, and thus increase the value of your farm. Mention this paper and the book will be sent free.

A cultivator that works as well on hillsides as on the level and does the work more thoroly -and easier is Kraus Pivot- Axle Sulky Cultivator. This machine has s{ood most rigid tests for years. and thousands are in use. A hov can do the work as easily as his father. Simplicity and durability are Kraus dominant features. Kraus does all the work - no muscle required. A slight pressure of foot moves wheels and shovels simultaneously to right or left, while width of row. depth or angle of shovels may be as easily adjusted while machine i< in motion. The only cultivator adanted to every condition is the Kraus. Write Akron Cultivator Co., T")er>t. 11, Akron, O., for free oataloe-.

No more selling blind. No more sacrificing rather than haul back from market. A good telephone protects the farmer in a hundred ways. To be sure of getting a good telephone, get the best - that's

Sprayer

Spray nozzles in front - No straining of eyes and neck as with a rear spray. Write Asplnwall Ml<j. Co.. 308 Sabln St., Jackson. Mich- Tbo World's Oldcnt and Largest Makers of Potato Machinery.

Run By Heat

Best thine in the world for pumping water from deep or shallow wc-Jls tor livestock and domestic purposes. No wailing on the wiud. No explosion, exhaust or noise. No boiler. Easy to start and run. Never falls to go. Operated in connection with overhead orpressure tank, insures fire protection and running water for the home. WnuO for free book.

Thomas & Smith

Let me tell you about the 150 acres I am growing for Telephone Poles. This wood takes the place of Ash and Hickory for Carriage-makers' uses. Beats farming Two to One. H. C. KOGE11S, Box 4, aiechanicsburff , Ohio absolutely last forever. Being solid roefr.they are spark and fire-proof. Reduce your insurance rate. Afford pure cistern water. Don't require frequent painting and coating like metal and composition roofing. Not affected by heat or cold. Suitable for all huiltliiiKM, new or old. Fiist cost - only a trifle more than short lived roofings. Let us settle your roofing question/or all fmie.Don't spend more good money for poor roofing. T WHITE TO US AT ONCE for our/i fe book."KOOFS." H will save you money. Give us the name of your local dealer.

Best Fertilizers

Don't t3ke a substitute, there's nothing else so good. It contains no paris green, is not dangerous and does not burn plants or injure them in any way. Contains valuable plant food and prevents blight. For Potato. Squash. Cucumber and Melon V ines, Plants. Shrubbery. Bushes. Use as dry powder or make spray mixture. If your dealer does not have ' Bug Death." send direct to us. Put up in L 3. 5 and \lM-\\>. packages and in 100-lb. kegs. Our Dickey Bug Death Duster, the best method of applying powder, only 25c. Write for circular showing treat superiority of "Bug Death" over other insecticides in thorough test. Address

We guarantee to stop sending paper when the time for which it is paid has expired, so that, to avoid missing any numbers, all should renew promptly.

Always send money by draft, postomee money order, registered letter, or by express. We will not be responsible for money sent in letters. Address all eommunications.to.and make all drafts, checks nnd postoftice orders payable to The LawrencePublishing Co.

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Avoid future trouble by refusing to subscribe for any farm paper which does not print, in each issue, a definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscription.

the House stood pretty high in the estimation of the rank and file of the Republican party, but they did not know what he has been doing to prevent legislation on measures in the interest of the people and against monopoly and the trusts. Early in the present session he made a remark which first opened our eyes to the real character of the man. He said, in substance, as reported, that the parcel post and the postal bank bills would stand no show during this session. And by his autocratic power, under the tyrannical rules of the House, he is making his word good. The bills are buried in the committees because Speaker Cannon will not permit any report upon them. There is a monopolistic paper trust that has absolute control of the paper output in this country, and has fairly doubled prices within a few years. There is one efficient method for destroying this trust and that is the removal duty on wood pulp and printing paper. The newspaper men of this country combined in an effort to induce Congress to remove this duty, and thus allow Canada or any other . wintry to send us wood pulp and paper free. Every effort of the House to bring this bill to action has been blocked by King Cannon. April 20 D. W. Shackleford of Missouri made a speech which shows clerxly how the King of the House is guarding the trusts. We quote from this speech as follows:

"At the beginning of Congress I introduced a bill here providing for the abolition of the duty on wood pulp and printing paper. Some others introduced the same bill. Where is it? It is down in a pigeonhole in the ways and means committee room, presided over by the genii that have been selected by this autocrat (the speaker) to see that all who enter there leave hope behind. (Laughter.) This man tells us that a majority here (of this House) can not pass a measure which he disapproves without we first expel him from office. This one man is stronger than a twothirds majority of the House.

"Oh, what a morgue is that speaker's table! I call upon the American people to come up to that morgue and view their dead. The speaker has overthrown the people's government, and erected upon its throne an autocracy more absolute in its despotism than exists in any monarchy in Europe. We can pass that law in 30 minutes, but it can't be done because the speaker blocks the way. We and the people are blocked, securely blocked, by your oneman power that rules here. Every Republican is relieved of responsibility. He can shout reform until his lungs are exhausted. It does not do any good. ' The trusts, the special interests, are shielded behind that marble desk in front of the speaker's chair. No man will rise in his place in this house and say what I have uttered is untrue."

The report from Washington says that no one arose. Mr. Shakleford declared that one million copies of his speech would be distributed to the people, to open their eyes in regard to the attitude of the bosses in Congress. The people need not expect any relief from this Congress in the way of postal bank, parcel post and effective antitrust legislation, but they should awake to the necessity of exercising their sovereign power in choosing men for Congress that are for the people. Speaker Cannon's attitude on these popular measures for the benefit of the people and relief from the tyrp.nany of trusts, and his recent gross insult to the President, have killed him in the estimation of every true and patriotic American.

The constitutional The Ohio Board of and legal status of Agriculture. this Board has has been in question. On April 28 Judge Thomas M. Bigger of the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin County, granted the Smith Agricultural Chemical Co. of Columbus, O., an injunction restraining the secretary of the Ohio Board of Agriculture, from publishing the analyses of the commercial fertilizers of the Smith Co., said analyses being made on brands of the plaintiff's goods drawn and analyzed under the authority of the state law of March 16, 1881, which took effect May 1, 1881, being Section 4446a. 1). c. etc., to i inculsive. Judge Bigger granted the injunction on the following grounds, here greatly condensed: That the Board of Agriculture as now constituted is a private corporation and its secretary is not a public or state officer, but the agent of a private corporation, since neither he nor the members of the Board are elected by the people of Ohio, or appointed by the Governor of the State as an elected agent or officer of the people; that most of the powers attempted to be granted K the said law are police powers of the State (such as seizing feeds, fertilizers, etc., for analysis, collecting license fees for said analysis and sale, prosecuting for failure to obey the law, and publishing reports of analyses, etc.), and that the Legislature has no constitutional authority to delegate the, exercise of the police powers of the State to a private corporation or private citizen. - Judge Bigger supports this decision by decisions of the Supreme Courts of Indiana. Minnesota, Iowa and Michigan, in what seem to be similar cases. The remedy was simple. A remedial or curative bill, has just been passed by the Legislature rnd signed by the Governor which provide.;: that the members of the Board of Agriculture, at once and hereafter, shall he appointed by the Governor.under a certain prescribed method, which in effect leaves the personnel of the Board as now. but removes all possible doubt as to the constitutionality of the Board as a public or State department and of its secretary as a State officer, and permits and requires it and him to carry on all the police and other work attempted to be required by the former law, whose enforcement has been enjoined. The entire work of the Board undeT the old law has been beneficent and without scandal for 62 years and that work will now go on as before. The constitutionality of the original law has never before been questioned, and the injunction was granted on what seems a technicality. The fact that the injunction was granted has no bearing upon the question whether the Smith Company's fertilizers have fallen below the legal standard, as asserted.

President Roose- The President and velt sent a special Congress. message to Congress April 27, which was treated with contempt by the Senate and by Speaker Cannon of the House. The message urged congressional action upon important measures recommended in his previous message but which have been ignored by a hostile Senate or action upon them blocked by dominant enemies of the President in both houses. The President urged legislation on measures demanded by the people, such as the postal savings bank, establishment of the Appalachian forest reserves, government supervision of the accounting system of railways, more complete control of interstate corporations, doing away with the abuses of injunctions in labor disputes, giving the executive branch of government power to permit combinations which will benefit the public, recompensing employees injured in public service, a committee to investigate tariff conditions, and finally, financial legislation that will meet any trouble that may arise as to currency for a year or two, until banking laws are revised. The message says that injunctions in labor disputes have, in a number of cases, been abused, and the antagonism of labor against capital has thereby been intensified. This should be prevented by proper legal restrictions, and the injunction power should be exercised only in cases of necessity. The President enlarges upon what he terms "class consciousness," which is propagated and nurtured by the demagogue and the sinister and foolish Socialist, hut their influence in creating class antipathy is no worse than that of the men of great wealth, power or position, who have no sympathy for the toiling millions, aTe uncompromisingly hostile, and unjustly demand and appropriate more than their just share of the proceeds of toil. Mr. Roosevelt says a strong effort has been made to have labor organizations exempted from any of the operations of the law relating to combinations or trusts doing interstate business. So far as labor is engaged in production, it should be exempt from the anti-trust law, "but when it undertakes in a wrongful manner to prevent the distribution and sale of the products of labor, as by certain forms of the boycott, its action is plainly in restraint of trade, and must necessarily be subject to inquiry We should sanction neither a boycott nor a blacklist, which would be illegal at common law." In short, the President, as he declares, advocates measures in the interest of decent corporations and of lawabiding unions. In the peroration of his message the President says: "The man who preaches hatred of wealth honestly acquired, who inculcates envy and jealousy and slanderous ill will toward those of his fellows who by thrift, energy and industry have hecome men of means, is a menace to the community. But his counterpart in evil is to be found in that particular kind of multimillionaire who is almost the least enviable, and is certainly one of the least admirable, of all cur citizens: a man of whom it has been well said that his face has grown hard and cruel while his body has grown soft: whose son is a fool and his daughter a foreign princess: whose nomiual pleasures arc at best those of a tasteless and eTtravagant luxury, and whose real delight, whose real life work is the accumulation and use of power in its riiost sordid and least elevating form."

Do readers of the Ohio Farmer discover anything in this message that is wrong or trivial or deserving contempt, scor or ridicule? Yet the Senate, when the message was' received. refusfJ to listen to it. and upon motion of Mr. Foraker. adjourned with laughter and sneers. This is termed the r/reatest act of discourtesy toward a President that ever occurred it. Congress. Telegrams from constituents poured into Washington that day. expressing hot indignation at such boorish, outrageous treatment. Speaker Cannon of the House, just as deliberately and outrageously insulted the President by refusing to let the message be read until nearly the close of the session, the next day after the message was received. The bitter enemies of the President are the Republican "bosses" of Congress and the champions of the trusts and great corporations. They are just as antagonistic to every popular measure demanded by the people as they are to Roosevelt, because Roosevelt stands boldly and firmly for the people. This Congress seems determined to do nothing in the way of legislation on popular measures, advocated by the President and demanded by the people. Its insult to the President will prove a boomerang. Its attempt to gag him will spread his words upon the wings of the wind. Ten men will read the message now where one would have read it if Congress had treated it with proper respect. A parallel case occurs to us. During the Civil War Henry Yard Beecher. that prince of orators, vas sent to England to make speeches and win sentiment to the Union cause. In several places, notably Liverpool, a hired mob tried to break up the meeting with yells and tumult. He exhausted the resources of his marvelous wit and humor in trying to win and quiet them, all to no avail. Then with that marvelous voice which for a moment stilled them he cried, in substance:"Go one with your cock-crowing and cat-calling and drown my voice. That is what you are hired to do. But you can not drown my words.I will talk to these reporters, and tomorrow you and all England and the civilized world will read every word I say." And it was true, and his words had far more influence because of the world's indignation at the mean attempt to gag the great orator. So will it he with the disgraceful insult offered to the President by the Senate and the House. It will spread his words and give them force.

extensive that it has attracted the attention of concerns that seize every opportunity to make money by adulteration and deception. It is important to farmers, fruit growers, market gardeners, etc., that they get such articles as are up to the' standard, as the formulas for spraying and application are all made upon the basis of standard ingredients. A successful spraying material must possess the quality of not being easily washed off by rains. This is w here arsenate of lead (a very high grade is sold under the name of Disparene) has a great advantage over many other arsenical insecticides. A great many experiments have been reported in which this compound was tried and any comparison of results is bound to be misleading. One experimenter recommends the use of one amount and another will advise differently. The Pennsylvinia State Department of Agriculture recommends 2 lb. to 50 gallons water: the New York Department recommends 2 to 4 lb.; New Jersey, 1 lb. to 75 gallons, etc. The truth of the matter is that each experimenter used a mixture of varying richness. Nothing is said in these reports about the composition of the compound. Arsenate of lead for spraying purposes is most practicable when prepared in the form of a thick paste. The dry form does not mix well with water. The paste contains a high percentage of water, but it should be stated on the label just how much water the contents of the package contain. Most of the better brands seem to contain over 50 percent of water-free arsenate of lead, and this quality is easily within the reach of the manufacturers. The fruit growers can not afford to run any risk in the quality of their spraying mateiials and the manufacturers should he required to standardize their product by some such, statement as recommended above. If a fungicide or insecticide falls a certaiu percent below purity, or the standard of the formula, it.- application may prove a decided failure. To prevent this class of fraud t - e Committee on Proprietary Inseeticides of the Association of Economic Entomologists - which includes all the official entomologists in the United States - drafted a bill which was introduced by Senator A. B. Kittredge of So. Dakota, April 6. It provides against adulteration or misbranding fungicides. Paris green, lead arsenates and other insecticides, and against their manufacture, sale or shipment from one state to another or into any territory or the District of Columhia, with adequate penalties - heavy fines or imprisonment, or hoth, for violations. It also provides for standards of purity, and places the enforcement of the law in the hands of the Department of Agriculture. B. D wight Saunderstm, chairman of the Association of Economic Entomologists, writes that the bill has the endorsement of the leading manufacturers of insecticides with whom he has corresponded. The measure is certainly in tne interest of all honest manufacturers. Our readers who are interested - and there are thousands - can help to push this bill thru by writing to Senator H. C. Hansbrough, chairman of the Senate p - - mittee on agriculture, Senator A. B. Kitteredge, who introduced the bill.and Hon. Chas. P. Scott of Kansas, chairman of the House committee On agriculture. As Congress will adjourn about the middle of May, your letters must be sent at once ot they will be too late. Personal letters to your t»wn U. S. Senators and the Representatives from your districts will aid greatly in securing action on this measure before adjournment.

Columbus Letter

The Rose bill reorganizing the Ohio State Board of Agriculture was made a law when signed by the' Governor' last Saturday night. It provides for a board of ten members to be named by the Governor, each to serve five-year terms. Nominations will be made by the annual agricultural convention in January, but the Governor will have the appointing power. In other ways the present system of conducting the affairs of the Board of Agriculture is not materially changed, except to make it conform to the usual methods of state departments. The Governor has re-appointed the ten former members of the old board to comprise the new board. These members are: H. M. Brown, Highland Co.; L. P. Bailey, Belmont Co.; T. E. Cromley, Pickaway Co.; L. W. Kilgore, Madison Co.; William Miller, Ottawa Co.; C. W. McFarland. Morrow Co. ; C. H. Ganson. Champaign Co. ; A. P. Sandles. Putnam Co.; P. G. Euart, Summit Co.; G. E. Jobe, Greene Co.

Several days before adjournment of the Legislature last week the Direct Legislation League definitely abandoned its campaign for the initiative and referendum at this session. It is probable a majority of the conference committee would have signed a report recommending the acceptance of the Atwell resolution with the House amendments under which a majority of the whole vote cast at the election must be cast for a proposed law. Friends of the initiative and referendum thought this killed the effect of the resolution, and preferred to have no legislation on the subject at all.

The compulsory primary elections bill has been signed by the Governor and now is a law. It will not be given a practical trial until next year, however, for it does not go into effect until January, 1909.

The present loose and insufficient plan of collecting statistics of births and deaths in Ohio will be replaced by a complete and efficient system, the West vital statistics bill having become a law.

With only two dissenting votes the Senate gave effect of law to the White resolution creating a Senatorial direct election commission for Ohio, to be composed of the Governor and eight others to be named by him, who are to co-operate with other states in a convention to urge Congress to adopt an amendment to the federal constitution for the election of Senators by the people.

The Senate killed the Rathbun bill providing that instead of the Wertz plan of t ? the road tax in cash, farmers might :;-lv it out, and providing for the election instead of the appointment of road supervisors.

Arguments "before the Senate finance committee last week in favor of the proposed appropriation of $2,000 for institute work in the interests of poultry breeding brought out the interesting statement that Ohio ranks third among the states in this industry, the annual value of poultry and its products in this state being $22,000,- 000. This has been accomplished without the aid of institute educational lectures such as other states have.

The Senate made a law of the Mooney bill removing restrictions on the amount township trustees may pay for labor and teams on road work; also authorizing an extra mill levy for road improvement, to be worked out. The House defeated the Crawford bill making teachers' certificates valid in all counties and then passed the Espy Senate bill providing for mandatory interchange of teachers' certificates by county boards of examiners.

The Senate enacted into law the Hitch bill making it possible to bring "night riders" from Kentucky or other states, on requisition papers, into Ohio for punishment. This is accomplished by making the destruction of tobacco beds a felony instead of an offense punishable by fine only.

The House made a law of the dayman bill authorizing an extra levy nf 5 mills for county pikes on petition of land owners. Then the House killed the Paine bill supplementing the present road laws to provide that roads could be built by imposing on the county at large 35 to 50 percent of the cost and compelling the contractor to keep the road in permanent condition by constant inspection and repair. The House also killed the bill to increase the pay of the county commissioners and the bill to lengthen to four years the terms of county clerks.

By agreement to the conference committee report the Boehmer good roads bill, drawn by the state highway department, became a law. Its provisions already have been given in this correspondence.

The Senate made a law of the Wertz bill establishing a uniform county levy of .5 of a mill, "instead of the present .3 of a mill, for the relief of indigent union soldiers, sailors and marines and their wives, widows and minor children. The Senate also made a law of the Roll bill authorizing county commissioners to extend for one month the time for payment of taxes.

The Ward bill to license automobiles and regulate their use has passed both branches and will be a law when signed. It is of especial interest to residents of the eountry because it establishes the speed limit outside municipalities at 20 miles an hour, makes provisions for safety in the use of automobiles in the country, and provides that' all fees for licenses shall be paid into the good roads fund of the state.

The West Senate bill providing for quadrennial instead, of decennial appraisement of real estate was buried by being referred to an unfriendly sub-committee in the House.

The House made a law of Senator Kinsman's bill authorizing county commissioners to issue 25-year bonds for road improvements, and of Senator Lawyer's bill authorizing county commissioners to appropriate money annually to aid Grand Army posts in defraying memorial day expenses.

The close of the session of the Legislature was the most remarkable in many years. Both houses were in session almost continuously from Friday morning to 1:30 Sunday morning. technical recesses being taken. The deadlock leading to this delay resulted from disagreement on the appropriation bills, one of which carried $117,000 to pay the state's share for paving abutting public institutions in Columbus, and the other carrying payment for the expenses of the Cincinnati investigation committee two years ago. and an appropriation of $200,000 for the purchase of buildings and ground abutting the capitol square for use for state departments. The Columbus paving item and the purchase of grounds and buildings were finally stricken out, the expenses of the old Cincinnati investigating committee were paid and $35,000 instead of $25,000 was allowed for the expenses of the new Cincinnati investigating committee, and then the legislators, worn and sleepy but hilarious as school boys, broke away until next Saturday, when they will come back, witness the formal signing of bills, and adjourn without date. - Hal D. Landon, Columbus, O., May 4, 1908.

Catastrophes. - Nine men were killed and about thirty men and women more or less seriously injured, when two trolley cars collided on the Detroit, Jackson & Chicago interurban railway, near Ypsilanti, Mich., April 28. - The Japanese training cruiser Matsushima was sunk by an explosion in one of her magazines, April 30. It was used as a training ship and 225 lives were lost. The dead numbered many sons of leading Japanese officials. President Roosevelt cabled his sympathy to the Mikado and received a courteous cablegram in reply. - In a fire which destroyed an old hotel at Fort Wayne, Ind., May 3, about thirty-five lives were lost. The exact number may never be known a.s the hotel register was burned.

The President and Congress. - The leading topic of conversation concerning Congress during the past week was the boorish treatment of the President by Congress. See comment on preceding page.

Battleship Appropriation. - The Senate measure to provide for the building of four new battleships, instead of two as provided by the naval appropriations bill, was defeated in the Senate April 27, to the chagrin of the President and his loyal supporters. The vote was 23 yeas to 50 noes.

The reception of the battleship fleet at Santa Barbara, April 27, was most enthusiastic. The ceremonies were the most beautiful yet conferred. It is reported that more than $500,000 will be devoted to the entertainment of the men of the fleet when they visit Melbourne, Australia. The fleet left Santa Barbara for Monterey. April 30. The first section of fleet arrived at Santa Cruz. May 2, the other eight ships remaining at Monterey. They joined the section at Santa Cruz on Tuesday.

It is stated upon good authority that lumbermen holding over 500.000 acres, or practically all of the yellow pine timber in the South, plan a $300,000,090 combination to conserve the timber supply and regulate prices.

Two robbers bound and gagged an express messenger on a Pennsylvania Railway train between Pittsburg and Steubenville. April 30, and got away with a sum variously estimated at $10,000 to $300,000 in gold. An express car was robbed of $63,000, Mexican money, near Toi eon.Mex., May L

As May is when Women want Muslin Underwear we evolved the idea of having a May Sale-done it for years with increasing results because we've taught Women in Pittsburg and all over the country the wonderful values given.

This year we made contracts early in March, when they needed business, with several factories to turn out with hands and machines - not as fast as they could, but as well as they could (not being pressed for business) an immense lot of Muslin Underwear - prices on for the May Sale that are astonishing.

Order and see from Lot No. R57 Women's fine White Cambric Merry Widow Night Gowns - beautifully trimmed with lace .insertion, edging and ribbon beading - 75c.

Bogcs & Buhl

Emmet Co. lias some of the finest farms in Michigan. Soil, climate, 'water and public improvements unexcelled anywhere. We own and offer for sale 4,000 acres - in 40, 80 and lbO-acre tracts, at from $6 to $15 per acre, on easy terms. Best of markets for

Trucking

Great summer resort district provides market for all you can raise. Soil produces finest potatoes in the world, clover and timothy hay, oats and other cereals, peas, rutabagas, sugar beets, etc.

Well watered, plenty of timber for fuel and buildings. Splendid markets at Duluth and Superior - high prices, constant demand, and ready sale for all farm products. Price, $7 to $10 an acre, easy terms. Write and secure full particulars and descripthe matter.

Fortunes in walnuts and all fruit*. No Irrigation, Finest Spitzenberg applet*. Koyal Ann chcn-let* grown on earth; world winner** aniong e ho r thorn cattle, cotswold aheep. M ilk ' on. i. u-< i creumerlOH ipuirautee htgii price* for dairy prod not*. Horses and hogs especially profitable. Grains and (truss* * abundant. Where your clover seed conies from. Bend 2c stain i> for rlihl > -t Must rated booklet tilling of opportunities.

INo. 20," our new a 16-paee book of bargains, profusely illustrated, containing State Maps, reliable information of farming localities and traveling instructions to see properties, mailed FREE, ifyou mention this paper. IVt pay railroad /arts.

Two farms in Berlin and Milan Twps., Erie Co.. O., on Nickle Plate Ry., % mile from station, near Interurban Lines; no better soil in Ohio; heavily stocked for 25 years. Have seventy head of registered Aberdeen Angus cattle to sell, including; twenty young bulls, sired by Gay Blackbird and his sons. Address L. A. Hine, 60 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Iff.

200-paee book, compiled by the State, describing industries, crops, live stock, property values, schools, churches and towns of each county, and Minnesota's splendid opportaui- I ties for any man. Sent free by on the beautiful Willamette River. Hop, walnut and fruit farms pay $200 to $500 per acre net; dairy farms pay SSQ0; improved farms S25 to $200 per acre; unitu proved, $5 to $25. Excursion rates to Salem in March and April. For information and hard facts address

The Red River Valley

Lands of North Tex&s grow the best wheat, corn and cotton. At $30 per acre they equal in productive value any $100 lands elsewhere. Ours is a settled community of thrifty, intelligent farmers. Send for our free illustrated booklet of No. Texas. Texas Farm Land Co., 277 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

Widow Must Sell

Keep 8 cows and team j 300 cords wood, 50 M hemlock: plenty fruit; nearby farmers growing 400 bushels potatoes to the acre; heu house for 200 Price on ly $1200. For picture of the splenhens.

did house and barn, see page 57, "Strout's Money- Making Farms of America No. 20." Copy FREE. E. A. STROirr CO.. Land Title Bldg., Philadelphia

For Sale-Maple Glen Farm

One of the finest and best located farms in Central Ohio. 197 acres, 2 miles from the Court Hou*e in Xenia, Greene Co..O.,on the model turnpike of the state. Fine, large, modern brick house, large bunk barn with silo. Fine water; good fences;some timber. An ideal home in a fine neighborhood. For information,cuts of buildings, terms, etc., call on or write JOHN W. PROGH, Agt., Xenia, Ohio.

In Saginaw Valley Hila.Nd P. L0Ckw00D, 48J San Antonio. Texas

IS EQUAL to any in the United States. Level prairie land, within 50 miles of Houston, the Chicago of the South, can be bought now at $15.00 to $25.00 per acre. One-third cash. It's too ch*-ap- HILA.ND P. L0CKW00D, 48J SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS

Now is yonr last chance'to get a good farm in a snre crop country in the Pan Handle or Gulf country of Texas. Write for free booklet. Agent* wanted. AMERICAN COLONIZATION COMPANY. Owners 816 Ashland Block, Chicago. Illinois.

More Incubator Trouble

A Reader, of Nicholasville Ky.( is having trouble with an incubator. It is a hot-air, one-hundred-egg machine; has set it four times and got a poor hatch each time - the last time only 30 chicks out of 90 fertile eggs, and he (or it may be she) wants to know if better results might not be expected from a hot-water machine. The machine, it is further stated, was kept at 103 degrees steadily.

Well, if the 90 eggs were all fertile the hatch is a very poor one even for ordinary incubator work. One has a right to expect better results. N

No, I do not think that a change from hot-air to hot-water will solve the difficulty. A good hot-air machine is just as good a hatcher as a good hotwater machine. Some of the most successful machines on the market today - machines that are used by the largest poultry plants - are of the hotair sort, and we can be sure that they would not be used year after year if they -vtre fa-lures. Unquestionably there are worthless machines of both kinds, fit only for the junk pile. I have one kind of hot-water incubator in my garret that isn't worth a penny. I have carried out enough chicks dead in the shell from that incubator to stock a poultry plant, if they had been alive. But I have a hot-water machine of another make that is an excellent hatcher.

Keeping an unvarying temperature thruout a hatch is not the crucial point in artificial incubation. One might make a machine that would maintain an absolutely even and accurate temperature and yet get no live chicks from it. A uniform and accurate heat is important, but it is not the difficult question in incubator manufacturing. The ventilation and moisture problem is the hard one, and he who can make an incubator that will certainly solve that problem will place the whole poultry world under obligation to him. How to get enough pure air into the egg chamber without drying the eggs too fast seems to be the crucial point.

I think that four trials with a machine, if the directions of the manufacturer have been observed and no accidents have occurred, should be sufficient to determine its quality as a . hatcher. If it won't hatch good in that number of tests, it is not likely that it will in forty. My counsel in this case would be to try it once more, and this time place two pans in the bottom of the incubator under the eggs, and fill them with water, or with sand and keep the sand wet. Remove them on the eighteenth day when the eggs are turned for the last time. Bread pans will answer the purpose. If there are ventilators in the bottom of the machine, do not cover them with the pans. This may help. If it does not, I should be inclined to think that the machine is worthless. - Geo. D. Black, Greene Co., O.

Selling Eggs

Farmers that keep not less than one hundred and fifty hens and take pains to gather their eggs at least twice each day, keep them clean and put them in a dry cellar each day in hot weather to keep them fresh can realize several cents per dozen more by shipping them to some of our big cities than they can by selling them to local dealers. It matters not how much pains we may take with our eggs, if we sell them at our home market we get no more for them than the man that sells dirty, stale or unhatchable eggs taken out of the incubator. We may remonstrate 1o our home merchant, but he will inform us that he can not discriminate between his customers and that the eggs all go into the egg cases together. The farmer that has clean fresh eggs is not getting what his eggs are worth when they are put into the egg cases with the eggs of his shiftless neighbors and the careful man is underpaid for his eggs.

If we expect to get compensated for our extra work we will have to ship our own eggs to the city and get a higher price. In this way we can separate the wheat from the chaff. Fanners that go to the expense of keeping pure-bred fowls and charge an extra price for the eggs to set, to partly compensate themselves for the pains that they have been to, are frequently annoyed to learn that their neighbors had been to the grocery store and bought their eggs at retail prices. Some breeders, before they sell their eggs to the local trader either chill, d in hot water or puncture the air cell with a needle so that the eggs will not hatch. In either case it injures the quality of the eggs and should not be recommended. But by shipping our eggs to the city ourselves all this trouble can be avoided and whoever gets the eggs to set will have to pay the price that the breeder asks for them or get them from some fake breeder and suffer the penalty. We should keep our hen houses well littered with chaff, straw, or some other dry substance so that the hens will not* soil the eggs with their dirty feet, and we should always keep a good supply of ground oyster shells and gravel before the hens to make strong shells that will not break in shipping to the city. - J. H. Goodwin, Henry Co., Ohio.

If farmers generally knew more about guineas a small flock of them would be kept on practically every farm. They are exclllent protectors against hawks, crows, etc., as they can see these marauders long before they reach the poultry yard, and their shrill, penetrating cry of alarm speedily routs the hawk or crow bent on mischief. The least suspicious noise at night is quickly noticed by the guineas and any animal or other disturber soon learns that he has been discovered when the guineas start their voices going.