Farmer Township (part 18 of 25)

To him. they are not mere "numbers," but fellow men, and the most degraded one of them all can have audience with his warden and state any grievance which he may have, with the certainty that he will be justly treated: for the warden allows no under-official to interfere in the government of the prisoners. He knows the crimes of his great family, he knows their names, he hears their stories and he adjusts their grievance? in a manner that speedily earns their confidence. It is this personal interest which has undoubtedly won for him one of the most unique gifts that a man might receive.

Win n Mr Wi j ler had been ten years warden of the Maryland Penitentiary, there was held by consent gained thru the prison chaplain. In the chapel of the institution, a mass meeting probably unprecedented In the history of this country, probably Of the world, when over eight hunrue 6, 1908.

ed criminals, black and white, ig- >rant and educated, met for the purse of making some material expres- 3n of their regard for the man who, they gratefully acknowledged, was -ing all that was in his power to tier their condition, and restore to tin the self respect which they had ought forever forfeited. A bank defrauder who had been rving a ten-year sentence, acted as esiJent of the meeting. He told them at on the previous Sunday, a eomittee of thirty, from all branches of e institution met to decide upon me fitting memorial to commemote the tenth anniversary of their st friend's connect) - with them; at Mr. Weyler had already refused accept a set of resolutions setting rth their sentiments. A committee was appointed and a ugh draft of the document was prered at this meeting, and it was deled to have it engraved an .1 frame'), lis permission was granted by the luctant warden to whom the original cument was of untold value in it- :f. Here is where they took the adntage Of their modest jailor. He mid not accept silver, but he should ve its worth in another form. And b work was put into the hands of 3 finest pen and ink artist in Balti- >re and from the exact reproduction a" fine photograph of their benefac- | at the top of the picture, thru j graceful scrolls and lettering, to 5 sketch of the prison at the botn it is a marvel of the penman's :, and it cost, with its massive gold ime, over $450, which the prison- ; gladly paid. ' It is reproduced in niature on opposite page and origil hangs in the warden's beautiful ice today, a conspicuous tribute of atitude of which any man might 11 feel proud.

It is not easy to gain admission to 3 Maryland penitentiary as a visr. In the large central hall which entered thru those barred gates that :k you on the inner side, are comrtable chairs where you are cotirmsly asked to await the warden's sasure. As quickly as may be, the mmons comes and as the office is tered, a tall, well-knit figure steps rward and a pair of piercing but idly eyes ask what may be the obit of your visit, even before the firm is part in a polite if brief greeting. First we are informed that, while ey are occasional, visitors are not couraged, and, but for the privilege e the press, we realize that all femine bladishments might have failed procure an introduction to the in- "ior part of the penitentiary. "But why, Mr. Weyler, we ask, th all of the eB-tism of our native ite, "why do you not want visitors see this model penal home or vil- ?e? Surely it would be a lesson in self. Ohio gives entrance to her pris- , by which the state benefits by the ice of admission." This with an air at what Ohio does must be right. The warden lifted a pair of expresse eyebrows and remarked dryly: >hio does many things that Marynd does not do;" and the tone was it one. of regret. Then he continued intly, "I do not think it well for 8 good of the prisoners to be under lblic surveillance day after day." as the rebuke deserved? Convinced as to the intention of e_ visit, the natural kindness of the ai'den came to the front, and conituting himself as guide, he led the ay to the circular elevator, which :cupies the inner space of one of the >ur round towers which arise at each irner of the main building. We were told later, by an outsider, mt the old man who runs the elector was for years a prisoner who, pon his release, found that no place iemed so much like home as the penentiary, and he returned to beg for 3me employment, and is willing to pend his days in this, the pleasant- ;t and, possibly, the only home he as ever known.

We were shown the neat, roomy rison cells, equipped with every sanary device for health and comfort, 'he inmate has the use of the electee light every night until nine which time he may use as e sees fit - in reading the books rom the prison library, three of which he may draw in one week, or the magazines furnished by the club of which he is a member, a club which is conducted as is a magazine club in the outside world, except that the list of magazines is under the scrutiny of the warden's eye. Or the time may be spent in study, and we were told that many graduates of the correspondence schools go forth from here.

The information that these steel cells with their intricate system of locks were furnished by the VanDorn Iron Works Co. of Cleveland, Ohio, helped to restore the self-assurance that had wilted tinder a just rebuke. It seemed Ohio could lead Maryland in some things.

Everywhere was light and heat, and cheer and fresh air, with none of that feeling of horror that usually broods over a prison. There is a beautiful chapel with its large gallery, its neat pulpit placed on a raised platform at' one -corner of the great room, and back of it, concealed by heavy curtains, is the altar for Catholic service. Above these is the great organ.

The way to the dining-hall led out thru a small plot of ground where the green lawn was still bordered by bud-laden rose bushes in spite of nipping frosts, and beds where had been an apparent riot of summer flowers. The warden spoke particularly of the beautiful morning glories that had been such a source Of pleasure to all. Even the most hardened criminal is seldom insensible to the message of a beautiful flower, and who can measure the good of these strong if silent influences? Oh, wise indeed is Warden Weyler!

Up a flight of spotlessly clean stairs, into the great, cheerful dining hall we go, where the tables are ranged on either side of a central aisle. The chairs of the guards are placed at each end of the buffet tables that run the length of the hall.

High up in the peak of the onestory building are the ventilator windows, adding to the light of the large ones below, and twittering birds fly in and out, and saucily swoop down upon the tables and floor for stray crumbs, to be regarded by the warden with kindly eye. "The men like them," he said, simply.

Opening beyond is the model kitchen, where great loaves of today's bread are stacked high for tomorrow's consumption and a deft prisoner is busily slicing loaf after loaf of yesterday's output for the coming supper. Everyman is given as much as he can eat, and often one man will dispose of as many as seven of the thick slices, besides the other food with which he is served.

A visit to the bath-room is worth description, so novel is it to a visitor. Ertering by a basement door one has the impression of being in a well-lighted cave, where a forest of columns support the low roof with its many electric bulbs. Into this ceiling are affixed, a few feet apart, large sprays, under which is an arrangement for disposing of the surplus water. Each man is given a towel and a piece of soap and takes his place upon the cemented floor under his spray, and is furnished with all of the warm water he may need.

The engine room, with its shining dynamos, can not fail to delight the lover of perfect machinery, and is in charge of a comely bigamist who, the warden says, is second to none as a workman.

A large, roomy partition at one side c/f the main room is divided from it by steel bars, back of which more than one prisoner may sit and enjoy the visit of the friends allowed by his good conduct.

- When asked where the death chamber was situated, the warden replied that there was none, declaring his belief that the influence of its existence was very bad upon the inmates. It is one of the things which he has insisted shall not be a part of the prison. The death penalty is inflicted at the county seat of the county in which the crime occurred.

The modes of punishment, to which resort must sometimes be. made, are of wide range. The cell on bread and water; forfeiture of the five days a month which the law will take from a >ent ei.ee, but which may be restored to the offender if the warden sees fit; and if all else fails, the warden may inflict no more than thirteen stripes

The secret of John F. Weyler's wonderful Influence and success as warden undoubtedly lies in his personal interest in his charges, with no favoritism and no regard for former condition.

Here is an extract from an article recently written by one of the prison inmates. "There are scores of desperate, hardened men among the annual average of nine hundred to one thousand prisoners in the Maryland Penitentiary. Here, too, are many of the most notorious habitual offenders in their line in this country, all ordinarily quick, if occasion offered, to take advantage of the slightest derangement of the administrative machinery, to create a prison riot, mutiny or what not. But so uniformly cons;derate has been their treatment by the warden albeit under the strictest discipline, so kindly an interest -has he always taken in the welfare of every convict, white or black, that his charges, in the language of one of them, are 'invariably ready to swear by him, instead of at him,' and it i; this writer's sincere opinion that nothing could shake their profound respect for, or absolute belief in him, while those who entertain for him a genuire affection could easily be numbered by hundreds."

Some years ago, Thoreau-like, I built a cottage on the shore of a beautiful lake in a tenacre grove. Many curious and interesting things came to my notice. The fantastic shapes and gorgeous coloring of the fungi lured me to the study of mycology, and I entered a delightful realm untrodden by the idle multitude. Ere long I found that even a superficial study developed my powers of observation, and prepared me for the innocent gratification of a healthy appetite.

Knowing the subject to be branded as a dangerous one because of the deadly quality of the poison varieties, I proceeded with caution. They were so few, however, and the edible varieties so numerous, and the distinction so positive, that, novice tho I was, I became thoroly acquainted with a dozen or

"An old whitewash brush can cover right smart o' sins. When Kill Jones gets home from Congress I'm goin' to ask 'im to come out and help whitewash the barn. They do say he's got to be quite an expert whitewasher, and some folk* sav Bill needs a little of it himself, by misrhtv:" tween the edible and poisonous species there was no reason why an adult of ordinary intelligence should not learn to know a number of the edible varieties of the "poor man's meat." Like the majority of people, I had always looked upon the fungi as toadstools and mushrooms, considering the edible species mushrooms, and the poisonous ones toadstools. Imagine my surprise, when I found, as the botanist readily discovers, that there are poisonous mushrooms as well as edible toadstools.

Very early in my study I learned that among the varied forms of the fungi may be classed the mildew on linen, mold on food, smut on grain, the phosphorescent glow upon old stumps, and many other peculiar growths. But it was to the edible forms in woods, orchards and lawns, I gave my first attention. Foremost among these were the tempting Mnrchellas. Then came the fine-flavored, fairy-ring, the beautiful "bear's head" growing on tree trunks the dainty coral Clavarias, the brilliant 'red and delicate green Russulas, and the odd little "saddles."

By the time spring had driven Jack Frost from field and forest, I began looking for the Morchellas, morels, or sponge mushrooms, as they are called. I had no difficulty in identifying them, for unlike many of us, they always look just like their photographs, and as none of them are poisonous, but are probably the most delicious variety that grows, their acquaintance proved very agreeable and well worth cultivating.

Owing to their close family resemblance, I found it difficult at first to distinguish the several species of morels. As all are equally fine-flavored, however, it did not deeply disturb me because I could not remember whether I was feasting on Bisporas, Semiliboras, Conicas, Augusticeps, Deliciosas or Esculentas. They may be found in old orchards, about black ash trees, inhabiting the borders of woods, appearing unexpectedly in lanes, and around evergreen trees. Last season I found a large company of them holding a family reunion on a grass plot - as inspiring a sight to me as a covey of partridges to a hunter. Indeed, I could have exclaimed with the ancient Roman epicure, "Keep your corn, O Libya, unyoke your oxen, provided only you send us mushrooms!"

The Hundred-Day Soldiers.--Ii

One dreary, rainy March morning I sat looking out of the window just as day was breaking. The roof of the greenhouse gleamed white in the rain and evergreens in range tinged the scene with a faint green. It reminded me of something. In an instant my mind traveled bark 44 years. T "-as walking a beat on University Hights in Camp Cleveland. Before me was the camp hospital, 300 feet long, its low, tarred roof gleaming in the morning twilight beneath the faint green of the newly-leafing elms. I was wet to the hips with a cold, sleety rain driven horizontally by a wind off Lake Erie. We had not drawn overcoats' and the rubber poncha over my shoulders was not much more than enough to keep dry the lock of the old Springfield rifle which I carried, muzzle down, under my left arm. It was the longest and dreariest two hours I had ever experienced, and after that was the cheerless barracks with the indifferent stove to be shared by 40 more or less selfish comrades.

It was my first experience in standing guard and was the beginning of the toughening and hardening process which all soldiers have to undergo. The change from warm beds and well cooked meals is abrupt in the extreme and the short-term soldier gets all there is, and in the case of the "Hundred-Day Men" we got more, for Camp Cleveland had been a camt> for three years and the size of the hospital was very likely a fair measure f the myriads of disease germs which were in the air and water and ground. At Washington, soon after, we moved into barracks and forts on ground occupied by troops for three years, it being the place where McClellan'S army of 80.000 men drilled and waited until the patience of the country was exhausted. This mass of men had polluted earth and water to the limit, and the enemies we had to fight were those we could not see and were in a measure powerless to cope with.

Fevers of several sorts, erysipelas of varying brands, and numberless minor diseases raged and filled up the hospitals from the start. Our company lost three boys in the first seven weeks. We had 21 cases of measles at one time and the company was so depleted in men that the well ones had to stand guard every other day.

The soldier actually in the field has frequent change of environment. He can generally get drinking and cooking water from unpolluted springs ot running streams. His camp fires purify and change the surrounding air and active outdoor exercise helps digestion and conduces to robust health. But there is little to interest the barrack soldier or fill him with enthusiasm. His is an existence of a dreary repetition of cooking, eating and guard mounting, punctuated with red tape limitations, which remind a boy or young man at every turn that he has ceased to be a free agent. Under these conditions of environment and duty there was little chance for the "Hundred Day Men" to become heroes at the time or to boast of their prowess in years to come.

There were many sacrifices at the start, and planning for the summer's woTk at home had to be rapid when there were but four days between the call and the marching away to duty. In the cities the companies had a large percent of young merchants, lawyers, and office men. In country towns like my own, which furnished an entire company, nearly everybody of the right age went. The township had a population at the beginning of the war of about 1,600. When the company was ordered out we already had furnished 120 soldiers, besides several in auxiliary capacities hut- not enlisted. I believe 71 were finally mustered in, nine being rejected on examination. A few went in the fall of '64, after our return, so the township furnished more than one in four of all male inhabitants. When the company marched away there were less than 30 men between 18 and 45. and at least a third of these were not able-bodied. That there were large interests which had to be left at home when we left, goes without saying. It could not be otherwise, and I suppose it is more than probable that the 38,000 Ohio "Hundred-Day Men" represented more property than any equal number of soldiers ever mustered into an army. They were owners of farms, stores and various small manufacturing plants.

I was in the hospital a few clays, and the second night at midnight, I was awakened to witness "the last will and testament" of a dying man on the next cot. I was told the instrument conveyed more than $12,000 of unincumbered property.

That morning in May when our company left home was, as may be surmised, an eventful one, as nearly every one had a father, husband, son, brother or lover in the ranks. The whole township, nearly, was gathered to see us off, and it was a toss-up as to which had the hardest prospect, the men going to the front or the women left to manage as best they could the farms and shops at home. We finally got away and it was about 3 P. M. when we marched into Camp Cleveland, and it was long after dark before we finally got dinner and supper together, and partook of smoky boiled pork and beans, indifferent bread and over boiled coffee.

Our camp life was not particularly monotonous in Camp Cleveland during the ten days we staid there. *Ve drilled four hours a day and got that Bet-Tip to the shoulders which is still noticeable in the carriage of the old men who drilled as young men then We stood guard about two days, each, and when there was nothing else to do swept up the grounds and cut wood for the cooks. Our rations were liberal and fairly good but lacked variety. The cooks tried to vp y the monotony by giving us varying quantities of smoke in the mess from meal to meal. The constraint of camp life was. however, quite irksome to many of the boys and the vicinity of a large City tempted many to run guard after nightfall. It got to be so bad that about the fifth night it was estimated that more than 40 percent of the three regiments in camp were out without leave. This would not do and the crippled and rejected Springfield rifles (made over from muskets), which we toted at drill and guard-mounting, were inspected for more practical service. Many of them had seen service and -some had a half dozen cartridges jammed one after the other in the excitement of loading in battle. Enough possible ones were selected to arm the guard next morning, and ball cartridges were issued with orders to carry loaded guns anu shoot any who disregarded challenges.

The following night there was a constant fusilade until nearly daylight but no one had been brought in, and it was noticed that many officers looked as tho they had had a night out or else had seen ghosts.

As the morning progressed it leaked out that the officers' quarters had been "shot up" in the night and some of the balls had crashed thru very near the bunks, hence the pallid looks of some officers. A detachment of veterans home on furlough, who had made camp the afternoon before, were credited with the brilliant scheme, and it had the effect of changing to the non-loaded plan the next night upon the suggestion of one of the colonels that the firing endangered the citizens in houses outside the camp!

We left Camp Cleveland on a very rainy Saturday night, marching thru the city singing at the top of our voices, "John Brown's Body," "Tramp, tramp, the boys are marching on," and other patriotic songs of the period. Our route to Washington was to Dunkirk in fine new passenger cars; to Elmira in emigrant cars; to Williamsport, Pa., in box cars and from there to Baltimore in boiler-iron stock cars, filthy in the extreme. At York, on Monday afternoon we were told that twelve regiments had passed there in six hours. The next afternoon we took up our stations in the forts defending Georgetown. Nothing unusual followed ' for the next six weeks except the sending home of three nice boys in their coffins, the result of disease conditions in our surroundings. About the 8th of July there began to be rumors that Early was making ready to raid Washington, and matters at the forts began to take on a warlike coloring. An extra cavalry picket was placed two miles out, all men on extra duties working as carpenters or on the roads were ordered to camp duty, and we slept inside the forts with guns by our sides, and belts buckled on. On the morning of the 12th, Early had got within serven miles of Washington, and all the men occupying the sixteen forts north of the city were sent to help intercept him.

I was sick in a hospital overlooking the Potomac and had a clear view of the smoke of the conflict about six miles across the valley, and could hear the rattle of the rifle volleys and the boom of the cannons which at times shook the ground. A little after - "in the conflict began to recede and finally died away in the distance. Greely says in his History that Early could have taken Washington at this time but would unquestionably have lost his whole army two or three days later. This was the guess of a man who was not very sweet on reconstruction measures, and I believe was not shared by the leaders at Washington. There was very little alarm apparent among the residents or the green troops commanding the situation. The 150th Ohio, whi h was a Cleveland Hundred-Day regiment .was in this fight and lost one man. The late Senator Hanna was a lieutenant in this regiment.

We remained at our posts until the close of August. when we returned via Harrisburg and Pittsburg to Camp Cleveland, and were mustered out. having served 111 days. Before leaving Washington we were marched to the front of the White House and thanked by President Lincoln for our services. This was pretty good pay if we had got nothing else. We had supper the next night in Pittsburg, where the ladies of the city had an organization and a hall for feeding soldiers. That hall is still standing and has a black marble tablet in the wall stating the number of soldiers fed in four years. As I remember it the number was more than 870.000.

on a gabled roof is that there is no need to use tin or copper for the valleys and the tinsmith's charges are avoided. Ruberoid can be fitted to all irregularities. It's so easy to lay that any handy man can do the work.

A Record Of 16 Years

Ruberoid is the only prepared roofing with A RECORD OF 16 YEARS of unqualified success. Roofs laid with it when it was first introduced, are still in good condition.

No matter what kind of a building is in question, Ruberoid will be found better suited to your wants than any other roofing. Wears longer and costs less than metal or shingles. Contains no tar, rubber or paper; will not rot, melt, crack or rust. Sparks or burning brands will not ignite it.

The Standard Paint Company Fence

is the cheapest fence because it lasts so much longer than I others. All great big steel ' wires, stays and laterals same k size, and woven together so ^ there can be no slip or "* break. The

Silid Hire ^*u, Wire Buy tho Empire direct from factory at wholesale prices. Send for free sample*. Bond Steel Post Co.. Adrian. Mich.

Bell Barb Wire

Society at its first meeting west of the mountains. It was in this hall. Some way it seemed familiar ground, but I was busy greeting friends and did not notice particularly my surroundings. But as I ascended the stage this tablet met my gaze and it pretty much knocked me out. Such a flood of memories of that terrible summer of 1864, when the destinies of the Nation hung in the balance, rushed thru my mind that I nearly forgot the present and all that belonged to it.

One Farmer'S Wife Some Facts About Our Currency

Generally speaking, when a person says "currency," he means paper money, when in reality currency means anything that may be circulated as money. There are now in active circulation gold standard dollars, silver dollars, subsidiary silver, minor coins (nickels and coppers), United States and Treasury notes, gold and silver certificates and National Bank notes. Gold coins being standard coins of the United States, are not redeemable. .Subsidiary silver and minor coins may be presented in sums of $20 to the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer for redemption or exchange. United States notes are redeemed in gold coin in any amount by the Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers, and' must be reissued. Treasury notes of 1890 are redeemable in gold in any amount and when redeemed are canceled. These notes were issued under the Act of 1890 for the purchase of silver bullion, and the highest amount outstanding was in 1894, $152,- 584,417. The amount at present outstanding is about $7,000,000. National bank notes are redeemable in lawful money of the United States by the Treasurer of the United States but not by assistant treasurers; they are also redeemable by the bank of issue. Gold certificates are redeemable in gold coin, and silver certificates in standard silver dollars.

Comparatively very little coin is handled by the Treasury Department. There are millions of dollars in coin lying in the vaults of the Treasury, the equivalent of which is in circulation in the form of paper currency. In September of last year the amount of gold coin in the Treasury was $726,238,840, and of gold bullion $129,- 333,864; while of silver there were $479,567,048 standard dollars and $4,- 055,285 in subsidiary coins. In the last fiscal year the shipments of silver dollars from the Treasury amounted to only $1,570,798 and of subsidiary coins, $1,076,914.20.

The coin-handling divisions of the Treasury and sub-treasuries are, however, very interesting. In the reception of gold each piece must be passed over a delicate scale in order to be sure it is still of "legal tolerance." The law allows one-half of one percent for abrasion. Should a coin be found below "least current weight" it will be rejected unless the depositor pays 4 cents per grain for the difference between its actual weight and the standard weight. The government itself stands the loss from "natural abrasion" on its silver coins.

Sharpers frequently tamper with the gold in different ways. Shaking a lot of coins in a buckskin bag Or reducing by acid are familiar methods. Mr. Sample relates that once in weighing several millions of dollars in gold at the Chicago sub-treasury, he . found a number of double eagles considerably under weight, tho they were bright, sharp coins of late mintage. A close examination disclosed them to be of less diameter than perfect coins. They had been ground or filed on the edges and again reeded. The man who did this work was traced by secret service officers and caught. Foreign and mutilated coins are not accepted. Counterfeits are retained and turned over to the secret service and receipts therefor given the depositor. There are many excellent imitations of silver coins, some of which defy the acid test, and of workmanship so fine that a mint assay alone will determine their character. For this reason coins that have passed thru a fire and been scorched or blistered are rejected and will be redeemed only at the mints at bullion value. There are comparatively few counterfeit nickels, but multitudes of counterfeit bronze cents are in circulation. - H. N. Price.

and as they last you longer than two or three pair of the imitation kind you can save some dollars in a year by buying SWEETORR overalls and SWEET ORR corduroy pants. TV'rlte us at Once you can not buy them in your town, we will forward samples and prices. Address

Bowriver Valley Reservation

The Bow River Valley Reservation, which has just been opened for colonization, on the Main Line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, contains the most fertile land to be found on the American continent. This reservation is not a wild country, but a fine prairie district with a soil of black sandy loam underlaid with a good clay subsoil. Remember that on all sides of this great reservation the land has been taken up and has yielded enormous crops. You're going into a settled country with schools, churches and good roads. The climate is fine and taxes are extremely low.

30 to 50 bu. of wheat to the acre 80 to 1O0 bu. of oats to the acre. 4-yr.-old horses raised as cheaply as steers on account of the native grasses.

Owing to the mild climate horses can be wintered outside at a nominal expense, and there's always a market for horses in this country. Hogs also can be raised cheaply, as all root crops can be grown for very little money. Then your buildings need cost you little, as the mild winter does not necessitate expansive buildings.

Climate As Mild As That Of Illinois

"Sunny Southern Alberta." lying just east of the Mountains, is warmer than any other part of Canada. It may surprise you to know that the average maximum temperature for month of January, 1908. at Chicago was 34.11 degrees above zero, while at Calgary it was 37.16 degrees above zero.

This great reservation has been turned over to the Canadian Pacific Railway for colonization. The title is direct from the Canadian Government, and in securing this land, you are dealing direct with the Canadian Government and the Canadian Pacific Railway, so that you can feel absolutely sure that your rights will be protected. Write at once for free information as to how. to buy a home and a farm in the Bow River Valley reservation.

absolutely last forever. Beine solid root, they are spark ami fl re-proof. Reduce yonr insurance rate. Afford pure cittern water. Don't require freqnent painting ami coaling like metal and composition looflnr. Not affected by heat or cold. Suitable for all buildings, new or old. Kii st cost - only a trifle more tlian short-lived lootings. Let us settle your roofing question/or all Mm*. Don't spend more good money for poor roofing, f WHITK. TO rs AT ONCK for our free book, "ROOFS." It will sate you money. Give us the name of your locul dealer.

Buy Hardware Direct

vholesale prices on Hardware and Allied Lines, lent | Thru this catalog we sell direct to ro uner. Every pmfit of jobber and middleman eliminated ;evi dm >">f retail dialer in way of cleik bti etc., subtracted. XOU select your goods from this descriptive and fully illustrated cist-il. and sf-nd us jnur I order with the distinct understanding that you may return your purchase, wo to pay tho freight charges ways, if you are Dot nioro than pleased with the fcoods you receive.

of regular customers in the face of the fiercest com petit inn on Hardware nod Allied Lines, all of which fa most convincing evidence of the greater saving and satisfaction wo can offer j ou. To secure these advantage!, I yuu have only to ask for our FREE CATALOG- It explains everything. WRITE NOW

By Mildred W Heal Sweeney

I am Baby Berry Cheek. And 1 sit all day Playing in the gay May wind Till you think I've been away Thru the meadow and over the hill, Where the three leaf's in the grass With the berries under, still, Waiting any baby's will.

(Every i?sue of this department of the Magazine Section will have one or more articles on mechanical construction - how to make and mend, how to lay out work, tools needed and how to handle them, painting, polishing, etc., that will not only interest and instruct, but will be of practical use on the farm. The boys who are interested are hereby requested to ask for any information they want in regard to these matters. Such inquiries will enable us to furnish the information that is actually needed. - Editors.)

Stand

A good-sized and very convenient table for one corner of a room was made as follows, to hold a collection of sea shells in two glass cases and also some books, curiosities, pictures, etc. An extension dining table, which was too large, had the two drop leaves removed to make it into a square table, and these two leaves were placed with the straight edges together and the oval sides turned out so as to make an oval-shaped top about 3x3% ft. in size. Four wooden strips, 3y2 in. wide, two of them 20 in. and two 24 in. long, were put together as in Fig. 1, and at corners nailed or screwed to four legs made of some discarded curtain poles, 1% in. in diameter and cut to 2% ft. long. This frame and legs were then tacked with small nails to the bottom of table-top, making a fairly substantial table, a3 shown in Fig. 2. The table leaves were used, so the table is not seen, therefor a table like this could be made quickly in any case where two old drop leaves are available, even if from a cheap, unfinished breakfast table. It" light braces are put between the logs, the table will stand steady in any part of a room.

Cabbage

I want to say to the girls that gardening in real earnest is not altogether a frolic, but neither is any other kind of work exactly fun. But gardening has this advantage: You are not accountable to any "boss" but are your own taskmaster, and your reward will be commensurate with your labor.

Where there is a market for homegrown cabbage a little hot-bed will furnish plants enough for a large area. Do not put out more than there is a probable demand for. Concerning this it will be well to confer with your grocer.

In most country towns early vegetables are shipped in from the city, and the grocers would be only too glad to patronize the home producer if they could be sure that the home supply could be depended on.

Besides growing early cabbage for market I obtained some revenue from selling early plants. When sowing the seed in the hot-bed, I put the earth in strawberry boxes and set on top of the manure. I sowed not less than 50 seeds in each box, and when wanted for sale the boxes were lifted out of the bed, and with several thicknesses of damp newspaper and a wrapping of stout manilla paper around it, the box could be carried anywhere without damaging the contents. I have done this with cabbage, cauliflower, pepper, tomato and egg plants, selling them for 10 to 15 cents a dozen, and think It paid well for the little trouble. Many farmers will buy plants to grow a few early vegetables for 1 heir own use, and what they produce will not interfere with the market for what you grow, so you are ahead on the deal. You may not do so well the first season, but I always counted on clearing more on my early plants than enough to pay for all the truck a*U garden seeds we had to buy. and some years a nice little sum was left over besides.

Ground musl be made very rich for cabbage. Well-rotted barnyard manure is the best fertilizer, tho a light application of nitrate of soda will help to make thrifty growth. I do not mention commercial fertilizers very often when advising girls or women to take up gardening because most of us must be satisfied to begin with what we find right at hand, like poultry and barnyard manure. If to these can be J added wood ashes, the finest crops can be grown.

For early sale, the Jersey type of cabbage is the earliest, but as the heads are small, the market usually | prefers the round heads - Henderson's Spring is very good. Danish Baldhead or Holland is the best I ever raised. It makes a very firm, heavy head, and when grown on rich soil and well cultivated, the quality is of the very best, sweet and tender, and makes the best slaw and saur-kraut.

In transplanting injure the roots as little as possible, leaving some earth to adhere, and set in the after- J noon instead of morning. Set the plants about 8 inches apart in the row. |

Cauliflower is not much harder to i grow than cabbage, but the plants must be set out very early for spring crop, else they will not head well and the "curds," the soft white divisions of the head, will be tough and bitter. For the late crop the seed can be j grown in the open seed bed, and be set in a permanent place about the first of July, then its best growth will be made when the cool days of fall come on. This is the case with late cabbage, too. What both want is a rich soil, plenty of moisture, frequent cultivation and not too hot weather.

Directions will be given later for making sauerkraut, pickle, etc., of cabbage, and also for storing surplus vegetables that may be wanted during the winter for use or sale.

Built on the Kodak plan by Kodak workmen, this simple little camera offers an inexpensive and easy way of picture taking. Loads in daylight with Kodak film cartridges for six exposures, has the Eastman Rotary Shutter for snap-shots or timed pictures, has a fine meniscus lens and two finders. Carefully made in every detail and each one rigidly inspected

Price, S100

This little box has made the developi ng of negatives as simple as " pressing the button". Any amateur can now dev elop his own film with the certainty of getting the best possible results from every exposure. Aro Dark Room for any part of the work. Every step is easy with a Brownie Developing Box. PRICE, S100.

Pioneers And Leaders

WHEN YOU BUT ' UNTtIN INSIST ON 1 "DIETS" MAotBY R. E. Dl ETZ COMPANY «n<a» Largest .Makers of Lanterns in tbe World ESTAHI.ISHKD 1840 PIONEERS AND LEADERS

Galloway Hakim Schieber'S Span Of Lamps

HAKIM SCHIEBER'S SPAN OF LAMPS Afy father is a reader of and advertiser In the Ohio Farmer. We like the paper very much, We live on a farm of SO acres, miles northeast of Ruoyrus. I send you a picture of my two pet lambs. which I took to raise when they were onlv one day old. I raised them with the Lottie. One day. as my little sister was driving them. I took this picture. I am thirteen years old. - Harry Bcnlefcer. Crawford Co.. O.

TELKFHOXES opocuOir adapted to farm lines. Sold ilrect from factory. Book of mstnu-t i< -nn how to orpnnizo farmer* and build DM free. Write for Bulletin Ko. 303. The North Electric Co., Cleveland. O. Kuus City. Mo. Dallas, Tex.

If you desire your Vmildines rodded by a Competent, Reliable Agent, send ns your address and we will send you the right party to do your work.

lias been the reliable protective friend of farmers' property of evary kind Buildings Fire Live Stock against Cyclones Crops Tornados For Over Half a Century it has never failed to fully pay every loss on most equitable basis. Call on Ohio Farmers' Insurance Co. Agents or write the company at LeRoy, Ohio.

Should be consulted in all cases where a Safe, Sure and Speedy cure is desired. Consultation, analysis of urine and report of your case free. Send i cents for Book of Cures and mailing case for urine, i'ee for treatment low. Medicines furnished. 20 years experience. References sent on request. Address J. F. SHAFER, M.D. 4 1 4 Penn Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

Aug. 27. I put on a pair of papa's old overawls yesterday afternoon and sneaked out the back door when Aunt Em want looking. Then I went out in the pastur back of the barn and waded in the frog pond till Billy came over. My how he laffed. He said now Id be as good a chum as a boy sure. We was making a boat when I hurd Aunt Em holler. I started to run but she saw me. Caroline Vanche Gregory, she yelled, aint you ashamed of yourself? I was awfully scared but I couldn't hardly help but laff at how red her nose was, she was so mad. She sent Billy home and shut me up in my room. It seems like I'd been here about a week, and I haint had nothing to eat but oatmeal. I don't see why girls cant wear overawls. I don't want to be ladylike. I wisht mama was home. I wisht I didn't have any Aunt Em. I wisht I was a boy like Bill. - Caddy V. Gregory. - P. S. I dont noz I'll rite eny more in this diry. It dont seem to make Aunt Em like me eny better.

Being A Boy

The man who pays the bill should not shirk the responsibility i>( choosing the paint. True, the painter ought to know paint better than tin.- banker, the professional man or the merchant, and if he is a genuine, trained painter, he docs know. The trouble is, the houseowner often delil>erately bars the competent, honest painter from the job by accepting a bid which he ought to knov/ would make an honest job impossible.

The purity of White Lead can be definitely determined even by the novice, in two minutes. A blowpipe is needed, but we will supply that instrument free tr» anyone interested in painting, together with instructions for its use: alv> a simple and direct treatise on the general subject ot painting, written especially lor tha layman.

in whichever of the following cities is nearest you : Poston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland. St. Louis, Pittsburgh [National l.ead & Oil Co.)

Last night Ma read in the Ohio Farmer to me about Caddy and Billy about how they shot the old turkey gobler. I know how Caddy feels cauz when Hairy Gilbert and me Tide a tin, can to Hairys dogs tale and he ran away, I couldn't sleep good that nite cauz I Dremp about Hairys dog. Hairy didn't like it cauz Gip which is his dog didn't stay at his Home. Gip kep coming over to our house and one day Hairy said we would ty a can to his Tale and see him Skoot. We took him out back of the corn Krib and I found a old tin can and some little stoans and we put the stoanes in the can and tied it to Gips tale. Gip just stood there and didn't run at all. Hairy said this Darn feller don't no hes hurt. Hairy is 2 years older than I be and he says Darn when there haint no Boddy round but just me and him. I said Darn once and Ma herd me and I haint clone it no more. But Hairy says you got to begin sometime enneway. Ma says fellers what swares don't never grow up to be good big men that is liked by everybody like my Pa is, so I don't say Darn. But Hairy did and just then Blueie, which is Our cat, come running round the corn Krib, and Gip just hiked as tite as he could go after her. He jumpt so quick and I want looking atall and he went Rite betwene my legs. I fell and I gess I landed on the string a little. Ennyway Gip Yipped and Blueie run to the big maple iq the front yard. Gip run rite after her but he didn't stop. When he got to fie maple He yipped like everything and run thru the fence and across the rode and up in the field where Pa was plowing. We didn't dast tell no one about it But that nite I dremp I herd Gip crying. I dremp it so plane that I saw him and the Can had cot betwene 2 Bords in the fence and he couldent get away at all. Then I dremp that Gip pulled and his Tale got as long as Jutsies, which is our old brindle cow, and I thort he would pull his tale in 2. I yelled so loud that ma come and I was so shared that I told her what Hairy and I done. She dident scold me none, but she said I mustent never do it no more. She talked a long time and then I went to sleep some more and I dident dreme about' Gip enny. The next morning I went over into the woods to Try to find Gip but I dident see him. I come back and all day I wisht I knew if Gip had got enny brekfus or dinner. - Robert Bruce Williams, Oceana Co., Mich.

Order at once to save time and get this most extraordinary Special Price Proposition ever made on guaranteed, first-quality rpofinp. We know that no Storekeeper, Catalog House, or anybody else can meet these bottom Factory Prices.

Look at the prices quoted and remember that the low price we give you includes all Freight Charges and that ptfee is the actual cost to you of genuine "B-B" Rubber Roofing laid down at your railroad station.

Every roll of Ions-lasting "B-B" Roofing carries our absolute guarantee to bo water-proof fireresisting and durable. It s made of long-fibre Wool-felt, saturated in Asphalt by special "B-B" Process, heavily coated both sides with flexible Water-proof Compound. Can't crack, wrinklor leak. Costs one-fourth aj much as shingles and lasts twice as long.

Write Us for Three Free Samples to Test - and Booklet tPf»g>a> Cement and Sp-cial Root- a Get our freo liberal samples ot l-ply, 2-f,iy and wastintr inoiifjr on hltrh-priced rooting when, without spending a cent, you can prove the complete superiority of low-priced, guaranteed **B-B" Buhner ltoollnc. Wo pay all Freight to points east of Missouri Kivorand north of the south lineof Tennessee. If you live beyond. we pay freitfh t that tar. Longest Guarantee, and Prompt, Sale Delivery Write us on a postal, or order from this advertisement on our guarantee to give sa tisfactlon or money back. This rtmarkable low-price otfer may never appear again. Take advantage of It and write this very day - at once.

There is practically no lost power in running- a McVicker Gasoline Engine, as the "exhaust" is all that's needed to operate the valves. It takes an explo- g sion to open the exhaust valve, so i is impossible to waste a charge of fuel

Because of its freedom from complicated parts, such as cams, gears, etc. etc., the power developed goes into ac tual work and is not used up by engine.

Has One-Third The Parts Of Other Engines

and so much greater power and endurance that it is being used successfully to run Threshing Machines. Electric Light Plants, Elevators, etc., in addition to light machinery of all kinds.

Power Houses, so they can operate Cream Separators. Churns, Fanning Mills, Feed Cutters, Grindstones, etc., all under one roof. If you will write and tell us what machines you wish to run, we will prepare and send plans of a Power House adapted for your own

Alma Manufacturing Company, Alma, Mich

We have just bought a lot of these nickel open face, stem wind and stem set watches, at a special price, by taking an j extra large lot, and will pass the benefit along to you in the cut price.

It is a good serviceable watch, that will keep good time, stand hard knocks, and is Just the watch for the boy, or the man who does not care to risk a more expensive timepiece at rough work. Sold thruout the country at $1.50. but while they labt our price only 95 cents or

Free for 3 Subscriptions to the Ohio Farmer at full price. Watch nnd Ohio Farmer one year, $1.65; 2 years, $-; 3 years, $2.25. Prices good only "while present stock lasts, so order at once. THE OHIO FARMER, Cleveland, O.

Wanted-A Rider Agent

Model "Ranprer" bicycle^ furnished by us. Our agents everywhere are making money fast. Write for full particulars and special offer at once.

NO MONEY RKyUlKJSD until you receive and approve of your bicycle. We ship to anyone, anywhere in the U. S. without a cent deposit in advance, prepay freight and allow TEN DAYS' FKEE TRIAL during: which time you may ride the hicyclt u i put it to any test you wish. If you are then not perfectly satisfied or do not wish to keep the bicycle you may ship it back to us at our expense and you ivill not bt out one cent. EAPTHRY DRIPFC ^c furnish the highest grade recycles it is possible to make atone MU I Ull I rill UC O small profit above actual factory cost. You save Jio to $25 mi.Mlerr.eV> iry cost. You save Jio to J25 n profits by buying direct of us and have the manufacturer's guarantee behind your bicycle. DO NOT IJTJY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive our catalogues and learn our unheard of factory prices and remarkable special offers to rider agents. Viftll lif II I DC AQTHUICUCn "hen you receive our beautiful catalogue and <rrarl7 IUU IVILL DC AO I UniOnCU our superb models at the -wonderfully i<ra> prices we f can make for 1908. We sell the highest grade bicycles for less money than any other factory. We are satisfied with J1.00 profit above factory cost. BICYCLE DKA LKRS* you can sell our bicycles 1 under your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received.

SECOND HAND BICYCLES. We do not regularly handle second hand bicycles, but usually have a numl>rr on hand taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores. These we clear out promptly

DO NOT WAIT, but write today and we will send you free by return mail our large catalogue* beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of interesting matter and useful information; also a wonderful proposition on tlie ar-i sum pie bicvele going to 1 our town. It only costs a postal to vet every- thing. Write it now*

Smooth bales, easy draft. automatic feed, free trial, satisfaction guaranteed. Ask : -r catalog 9 Auto-Fedan Hay Presa Co., Topeka, Kas. Or 15J1 W. IZVh Strict, Kansas City, Mo

I sell more Rubber Roofing than any other man who walks the earth, because 1 sell It cheap and guarantee it to be satisfactory or your money back.

1 just scooped in 17.000 rolls of the very best first grade Rubber Roofing in one. two and three ply. I paid cash in hand - the maker was in need of money.

Here are my prices on this lot while it lasts: 1 ply at $1.25 per roll. 2 ply at $1.50 per roll, and 3 ply at $1.75 per roll. Each roll contains 108 sq. ft., and is shipped ready for use, all complete wilh nails and cement.

These prices are far below what it actually costs to manufacture these goods. This same roofing would cost you $1.50 per roll more if you bought from your local dealer.

I cannot afford to write back and fortli with yon uoont thisnftVr - my prices are too low and henides it will all be Kone quick. If you want roofing for any purpose send your order at once, and if you are not satisfied you can have your money back for the asking.

These goods are the best made and if you knew the manufacturer's brand ynu would lie much surprised - but I am not allowed to publish the brand because of mv agreement when bu villi; Your local denier may >-» scllinR the sajne reeling under th» manufacturer'^ brand at prices.

safe in sending your order. Just - - state now many rolls you want of each ply, write your name, town and state plainly and enclose with P O. money-order or check. I do all the rest and you will receive your goods by first freight out.

1 00, 000 acres of Idaho' s famous fruit land with a perpetual water right for sale at $60. 00 an acre and ten years in which to complete the payments. For free information write to

Aunt Matilda S Remarks

This tells the true glory of the season's celery crops at Sanford. Kin. Flowing wells, sub-irrigation, climate, soil, these do the business. We raise our crops In the winter witli little competition. Averai.-o net profit SI. 000 per acre. Information free. Howard-Packard Land To., Sanford, Florida.

40 to 200 acres. We are in one of the bent ueiicnltaral conntiaa in Ohio. Bvery customer cunrt'd a a square tical. T. K. Dye & Brother, Urbana, Ohio.

Cider

"Beats all how town folkses' livers air always gettin' out o' order, an' they're -havin' to take 'em to sanitaryums. Mine never jaunders me none."

Judged By His Beak

A vicious parrot seriously lacerated the hand of an Irishman who was teasing him, and Pat hustled away to have a doctor care for the injured member.

Every One Of Them A Bird

A current newspaper item is as follows: "The wife of a Methodist minister in West Virginia has been married three times. Her maiden name was Partridge; her first husband was named Robin; her second, Sparrow; j and the present one's name is Quayle. There are now two young robins, one Sparrow, and three little Quayles in the family. One grandfather was a Swann, and another was a jay; but he's dead and now a bird of Paradise.

"They live on Hawk Avenue, Eagleville, Canary Islands, and the fellow who wrote this article is a lyre bird and an interesting relative of the family."

Keeping Cook

KEEPING COOK A Massachusetts Congressman who was on board the train which was wrecked at Hyde Park, Massachusetts, is reported to have said that when the slrock came, one of the passengers was pitched over several seats just in time to receive the contents of the v atercooler, which tipped over and soaked his clothing with ice water. A highly excited passenger rushed up to him and told him to keep cool. "Go away," said the wet man, "I am the coolest man in the ear. I have just had two buckets of ice-water emptied down my back."

-About UK) ueres. improved,in Northwestern I Ohio, in exehange for ' good Toledo residences. Give full partienlars In first letter. Address WM FKY, IMO Oakwood Avenue, TOLEDO, OHIO.

British Railroad Srrvice

According to a contemporary, a traveler waited at a certain English provincial town in vain for the much over-due train on the branch line. Again he approached the solitary sleepy-looking porter and inquired for the twentieth time. "Isn't the train coming soon?' At that moment a dog came trotting up the line, and a glad smile illuminated the official's face. "Ah. yes. sir." replied the porter. "It'll be getting near now. Here comes the engine driver's dog."

He's only a poor heathen Hindoo But he's doing the best that he kin do. He has very few wants. And having no pants He just makes his poor heathen skin do.

HERE are actual hay-harvesting faets: A pretty bij, percentage of the hay-crop of the country is left in the field each season - And a still bigger percentage <>l the feeding value of the hay is last in getting it into mow or stack - Lots of hay is left on the ground in shocking and ///^Ai^-out-of-the-shock -

After you've got your hay out of the field by hand- loading, you can mark the location of every shock and windrow by the loose hay lying around - That's absolute waste.

Another thing - either /wW-loa diner or the ordinary loader and rake, shatter -off the leaves - and authorities all agree that much of the nutrition, 'hefeeding value of hay, is in the leaf.

Two sets of raker-teeth gently gather all the hay from the ground and the elevating-fingers carry it up the elevator onto the load - well forward - where one man can easily handle it - It cannot drag the hay back off the wagon like the return carrier Loader will do. And there's

Permitting a free circulation of sun and air through the hay, producing a/r-eured hay, preserving all the rich, nutritious juices, making the hay worth from 75c to $1 .00 more a ton.

Dain Manufacturing Co

Our warehouses in all parts of the country are prepared to handle orders promptly. You can get a WALTER A. WOOD machine within a few days after you write us. You can get one at once from our local dealer. Whichever you do, do it today.

Horse Power And Belt Power

Braioa Valley cr»-i>* pay 3»i to ir*» percent o» coat of land per year. The Braioa Valley holds the Teia* cotton record. We can show the best eon In Ti i»» We can ahow the rtcheat »oSI and the prettiest land in Texas. Abundant rainfall, l-crel land. Loweil freicbt rates. Only M mils* frost) Houston the -Thleaen of the Soalb." to my office at Kesenberc- X> to 1000 acre tracts. Price (05 to $25 per acre. Mln*trated list fro.

(Concluded from page 8.) for terms of 20 years or more, tue lessees to erect and repair all buildings. Hence they are built of the poorest sort, and are repaired very little, and the taxes therefore remain very low, throwing e burden ef taxation upon neighboring land better improved. Henry George's theory would tax the location or "monopoly rights" of Trinity in1.it, just as high as similar land is taxed, near-by, on which costly buildings have been erected; and cases exactly like that of Trinity are the very ones which lend force to his contention. He recognizes but one ground or basis of taxation, namely its natural advantages for rental, or its location and its natural resources, or those conferred by society. In addition to this, most of our state laws recognize the value added or created by individual human labor, in the form of buildings, equipments, appliances, etc. This is perhaps the most striking example in this country showing the "unearned increment," and the most absolute secrecy is maintained to keep the esesntial facts from the people and from the legislature and the courts.

Storms and Floods. - The heavy rains to Texas and Oklahoma last week caused floods that resulted in property damage estimated at several millions, the loss of from 11 to 15 lives and the destruction of the homes of about 5.000 people. It is imposssible to estimate the property loss as it is widespread. Railroad and interurban traffic has been tied up and telegraph and telfphonc lines put out of commission in many sections. Military patrols were established in Dallas and a steamer was pressed into service to rescue about 200 neople from housetops. The storm that struck Alfalfa Co.. Oklahoma. M-?v 27, killed 10, injured 12. and destroved hundreds of cattle and a vast acreage of crops. - A break in the levee along the Mississippi River, near Hanna, 111.. May 27, flooded 6.000 acres and forced 150 families to flee their homes. A second series of rains and winds struck Oklahoma May 29. There was heavy loss in the Tulsa oil fields. Heavy rains damaged railroad embankments in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin.

National Guard Bill. - The bill prepared by the National Guard Association of the 1'nited States, and introduced by Senator Dick, has passed and is ready for the President's signature. It is a very important measure. It eliminates the nine months' limitation of service which existed under the old law and gives authority to the President to call out the National Guard in the event of war for service within or without the borders of the t'nited States for the existing term of the men. The National Guard shall be equipped for field service by the United States at a cost not to exceed $2,000,000 per annum. Under the terms of this law. in case of war, the country will find itself possessed of a force of 150.000 organized, armed and disciplined National Guardsmen, ready for instant service.

Pension Bill. - The House agreed to the conference report on this bill. May 25, and the bill was thus made ready for the President's signature. It carries a total appropriation of $163,000,000.

Currency Bill. - The House and Senate conferees reached a basis for currency legislation May 26. the agreement being a welding of the Aldrich Senate and Vreeland House measures. The bill calls for a 10-percent reserve fund to be held in all cities without reference to their classification. State and municipal bonds are given a higher rating than other securities upon which banks may issue emergency currency. The maximum valuation of the former will be 90, and of the latter 70 percent of their market value. The amount of circulation of commercial paper each bank may issue i:i limited to 40 percent of the bank's capital. The total emergency currency issued in the country is limited to $500.- 000,000 as provided by the Aldrich bill. The bill will remain effective until June 30, 1914. The bill passed the House. May 27. by a vote of 166 to 140. It passed the Senate, May 30. by a vote- of 43 to 22, after a long-drawn-out attempt of Senators LaFollette, Stone and Gore to talk the bill to death. La Follette held the floor continuously for eighteen hours and twenty minutes. The President signed the bill shortly after its passage. The currency commission of eighteen appointed by Vice President Fairbanks and Speaker Cannon organized by electing Senator Aldrich. chairman, and Representative Vreeland vice chairman. Minor Items. The federal government will soon begin action to dispossess the Southern Pacific Ry. of $35,000,000 worth of land in western Oregon. The land was given b\- the government several decades ago to induce building the railroad, but the l itter has refused to live up to its agreement to sell the land to settlers at $2.50 per acre, in 160-acre tracts. If the government suit is successful the land will be restored to the public domain and thrown open to public settlement.

Prohibition carried North Carolina bv over 25.000 May 26. The fight for prohibition was led by Governor Glenn, aided bv most of the newspapers, preachers, and a majority of the Democratic lead- |*B. Women took a prominent part in the campaign.

The Boston fishing schooner Fame. was run down and sunk off the shore of Nova Scotia, May 27. by a steamer. Seventeen of the schooner's crew were lost.

Died. - Gen. Stephen D. I-.ee, commander-in-chief of the United Confederate Veterans, at Vicksburg, Miss., May 28, of cerebral hemorrhage; he was stricken after delivering an exhaustive speech Welcoming four regiments of Iowa and Wisconsin soldiers whom he had fought at Vicksburg 45 years before. He directed^ the firing of the first shot in the Civil War.

For 120 years the Yaqui Indians have been troublesome in western Mexico. They have never acknowledged the authority of the Mexican government, but have always been hostile. The tribe is reported to be about ready to settle down and live peaceably under the government of the Mexican authorities.

Thomas L. Calvert, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, was found guilty of contempt of court by Common Pleas Judge Bigger of this district, last week, and was sentenced to pay a fine of $50 and to serve ten days in jail. The jail sentence was suspended, however.on payment of the fine. The citation for contempt was issued against Mr. Calvert in the case of the Smith Agricultural Chemical Company of Columbus against the State Board of Agriculture and its secretary to restrain the latter from making public the results of the Board's examination and analysis of the Smith Company's products. Judge Bigger granted the injunction on the ground that the State Board of Agriculture was not an official state institution but was a private corporation. Later the Smith Company complained that Mr. Calvert had violated the injunction, and the hearing convinced Judge Bigger and this charge was sustained. Just before adjournment the Legislature enacted a law to cure this defect in the powers of the Board of Agriculture by making it a department of the state government.

Crop Report

Advices received by the State Board of Agriculture show that the prospects for a fine wheat crop, both in quality and acreage, were never better. A total of 1.- 843. S59 acres was planted, and the yield is now estimated at 92 percent of an average crop, as compared to an estimated average of 74 percent at this time last year. The year 1906 was the banner year for wheat in Ohio. The area sown in wheat that year was 2.044,981 acres and the yield 42.729,870. while this year it is estimated that the yield will easily be 18 bushels to the acre, and this estimate promises a total yield of 33.189.462 bushels. In 1905. a total of 1,878,197 acres was sown in wheat. 34.343 more acres than were sown this year. The total yield that year, with this difference in area in favor of 1905. was 32. 157, 134. while the estimate for this year is nearly a million bushels greater. This comparison emphasizes the fine prospects for the present year. And what adds to this encouraging condition is the fact that the wheat is going to be of a very fine quality and likely a very nice price, if the entire yield is not put upon the market at once, and the farmers have never yet made this mistake, unless the price at the time justified such action. Oats is not so promising, however, for the reason that the ground was wet when it should have been sown. This means a larger area in corn, and a larger yield. - Hal D. Landon, Columbus. O., June 1, 1908.

Bradstreet's of May 30 says: Weather, crop and trade reports are irregular. There are some less reassuring advices from some sections as to leading crops, due mainly to excessive rainfall in wide areas. Bad roads result from this condition, and trade in these sections have also suffered. Where a few days of warm, forcing weather have intervened, trade is better and large stocks of goods have been cleaned up. There is a feeling that retailers' stocks are pretty well cleaned up and the fall season will start with clear shelves. Taken as a whole, the Eastern and Central Western sections send best reports. Very poor reports come from Texas, where rains were excessive, damaging crops and railroads. Business is quieter than a year ago, but an assured outlook as to crop yields and clearer views as to the outcome of the forthcoming political events would go far toward establishing stability.

Crop reports, especially from the graingrowing sections, are less uniformly favorable. The main cause seems to be the excessive rains, which have caused some deterioration of winter wheat, retarded corn planting, and if continued, may cause deterioration of spring wheat on low ground. Warm growing weather is now urgently needed. These conditions, while not good for planted crops, insure an unprecedented hay crop and pasturage. There are some claims of deterioration in winter wheat east of the Mississippi. and of Hessian fly damage in Kansas. Corn planting has been much retarded in Kansas. Missouri and Iowa. Crops are reported drowned out in some parts of the Northwest. Conditions of oats are very irregular. Fruit outlook is good.

Grain prices have moved higher this week, and there has been considerable excitement in the Chicago wheat and corn market. This is only partly due. however, to poor crop reports, and is mainly the result of speculative manipulation. Wheat reached the highest price of the year at Chicago, and the highest price in many years for corn. Oats sympathized with the other grains and advanced one cent and then reacted later. Pork was slightly lower on the week.

Bradstreet's crop summary for the week' is as follows: An immense hay crop promised. Slight deterioration in winter wheat. Spring wheat good, but enough rain has fallen. Oats affected by wet weather. Corn planting retarded and much land still unseeded in Kansas. Illinois. Iowa and Missouri. Rains and floods in Texas and Oklahoma necessitate much cotton replanting. Matured grains also hurt. Cotton east of Mississippi River also hurt. Better outlook for fruits.

The production of cement in the United States in 1907 was 52,230.343 barrels. valued at $55,903,851. Of this amount, 48.- 785.390 barrels, valued at $53,992,551. was classed as Portland cement; 2,877,700 barrels was natural cement, and 557.252 barrels was Puzzolan. Pennsylvania heads in the productiton of Portland cement, with 20,393.965 barrels, valued at $19.- 698.006. New Jersey is second with 4.- 449,896 barrels; Indiana third with .'!.- 782,841 barrels; Michigan fourth with 3.- 572.668 barrels and Kansas fifth with 3.- 353.925 barrels. These five states contribute almost three-fourths of the entire production. The Portland cement plants of the so-called Lehigh district of Pennsylvania are concentrating, and with the added equipment now in process of construction and planned, it is estimated that during the latter part of 1908. they will be enabled to produce 5.000.000 barrels of Portland cement a month, or 60,- 000.000 barrels a year.

Cow Peas. - When should I sow cow peas and when should hogs be turned in for pasture? T. W. D.. Mendon. O. - Sow cow peas as soon as the ground is permanently warmed. By getting one of the quick-maturing varieties you can sow yet and get good fall pasture for hogs. The time for turning in the hogs will depend upon the size of plot you have to pasture and the number of pigs. If allowed to get too ripe, many of the peas will be broken off and lost. Arrange to have the hogs finish the plot before peas are fully matured. Best results are obtained by fencing off portions of the field at a time and not allowing the pigs to tramp down more peas than they will eat. Have a portable fence.

Contracts. - B bought cows at a sale at which A, the owner, stated publicly that the cows would "come in" in December. They were not fresh until March. What remedy has B? Subscriber. - B can sue A for the damages he has sustained. It is a question also if A is not criminally liable for obtaining money under false pretenses. - H. L. S.

Flood Gates. - Does not R. S. 4243d provide as to the erection of flood gates, or water gates, in a partition fence? H. D. H. - R. S. 4243d governs when the boundary line is a stream. It has no apparent application when the stream runs at right angles to the partition fence. - H. L. S.

Estate. - A dies leaving no widower or children. She dies possessed of personal property inherited from B, and leaves one whole brother, one half-brother, and a nephew, the son of a deceased whole sister. Who inherits the estate? O. K. - Under your statement of the facts the estate would descend to the nephew and brother of the whole blood. If the personal property: consists of a fund, in whole or in part, derived from the sale of real estate inherited from B. the rule might be different. It would depend, in that case, upon the relationship existing between B and the other parties. - H. L. S.

Shredded Corn in Silo. - Can a silo be successfully filled with shredded corn? Will shredded silage keep as well as that put up with a cutter? J. W., Sandusky. O. - Corn may be shredded into the silo but the resulting silage would not be as good as tho cut whole. In shredding corn the grain is lost and the shredded fodder will not come out as well as the cut fodder. The surface silage is more apt to be loose and not keep as well. It does not pay as a rule to put fodder alone into the silo.

Many who scud to this storefor Dry Goods do not know of i\w wonderful facilities wo have for supplying Children's stylish I loadwear at moderate prices.

Separate section under separate management devoted exclusively to Children's Headwear - with numerous assortments such as Lot No R 64 - at $1.00.

Infants' White Lawn Gretchen Bonnets, daintily embroidered. Pink or Blue ribbon rosettes and streamers; Infants' hand-made Skull Bonnets, dainty featherstitched and tuck trimmed; little Girls' hand-embroidered anl scalloped edge White Duck Hats, crown buttons to brim (many use these hats as foundations for Lingerie Hats to their own embroidering) ; Girls' ailover Embroidery Lingerie Hats. Pink or Blue ribbon trimmed; Girls' Natural or White Linen Outing Hats, Pink or Blue ribbon bow trimmed; Middy Milans (Straw) trimmed with Black velvet ribbon, the swell Hats for little boys; Girls' Imitation Panamas plain Black band; Girls' Black or White stylish rough Chip Sailors - any Hat in the entire assortment, $1.00.

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We will run excursions for Landseekers to all points in Saskatchewan where we are offering for sale the choicest lands in Western Canada at right prices and easy terms, leaving St. Paul every Wednesday afternoon in June. Fare for round trip twenty dollars - fare refunded all buyers. Prospects were never better for a bumper crop in Canada. Go with us and see it grow. Write for maps and pamphlet or come at once.

We know that an adv. in your paper enables us to get the very best of results. We consider the Ohio Farmer a good advertising medium. - The E. W. Ross Co.

We are satisfied with the results from our advertisements of furs, in your Ohio Farmer and Michigan Farmer, and expect to run larger advs. with you next season. - Belt. Butler Co.

I can not do without the Ohio Farmer. My adv. in it has been selling Poland- Chinas right along. Expect to continue it indefinitely as I have 85 spring pigs and the best lot of gilts I ever raised. - L. B. Harner.

Continue my poultry adv. as it is bringing good results. Egg orders coming fast from most every state in U. S. The Ohio Farmer is a good adv. medium. - L*nk Roberts.

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June And July Chicks

This has been a very trying season for the poultry man in our latitude - central Ohio. The late cold weather has greatly retarded the average hen in her desire to become broody. Many farmers' wives yet consider artificial incubation too uncertain for them to undertake and the result will naturally mean a great shortage in the number of fowls raised, as many regard June and July to be critical months in which to successfully rear newly hatched chicks. But I find by judicious care and judgment that they can be raised with as small a percent of lost; as earlier in the season.

In the first place, why chicks seem weaker is largely due to a decrease in the vitality of the laying stock. To overcome this, feed the flock a nourishing diet all thru the season, so that they need not depend solely upon what they find on the range. I feed a mash each morning composed of bran, cornmeal, beef meal, oyster shell and ground bone, moistened slightly with cold water and fed at once. Never let it stand to become sour.

Give both young and old plenty of ficsh water, but be sure to keep their m drinking vessels in the shade. This "precaution I have found most important as nothing will cause diarrhea sooner in the flock than warm drinking water during the heated season. To prevent diarrhea, I give carbolic acid once each week in their drink, one teaspoonful to three gallons of water. Fill all vessels for young and old, with that water, removing all other from their reach. Fresh buttermilk I find an excellent tonic for the laying stock.

Be sure to keep their quarters neat and clean by frequent cleanings and white washing, for you will be amply repaid for this extra cost of labor, by a quicker growth than can be made earlier in the season. So let all who have not yet hatched the desired number of young chicks take heart and try the months of June and July. For to me they are quite as good as earlier in the season. And so they will be to all if they have not neglected to keep up the vitality of the laying stock, for as they are, so will the chicks be. And when they are hatched strong and hearty, then provide suitable quarters to suit the season, namely, cool and shady. Give the proper care and attention and they will surprise you by their rapid growth. - Will H. Schisler, Fairfield Co., O.

The Pekin Duck

The Pekin duck was first imported to this country from China in 1872. The original importations were very inferior birds compared with our modern Pekins. Our climate, method ' of handling, feeding, etc., has done much to increase their weight and vigor, as well as their laying qualities, and the results are that today for farm and practical purposes none stand higher in popular esteem.

Tho it is true that a duck eats lots and some people say that they eat more than they are worth, nevertheless it should be borne in mind that at ten weeks old a duck can be made to weigh 5 to 6 pounds, while a chicken seldom weighs more than one and a half pounds at the same age. The Pekin duck will produce eggs earlier in the season and more of them than any other breed. This is very essential to the breeder who makes an effort to be on the market with early spring ducks when the market is high.

Ducks generally begin laying by January first and continue with surprising regularity until late in July, and they very seldom show any desire to sit. By actual record kept of the eggs gathered in one season the Pekin ducks averaged 139 eggs each, which by weight, are far larger than hens' eggs. The quality of the egg is up to the average of eggs produced by the American hen.

The facts that the pure white plumage is of no small value and that the feathers readily command a good price on the market, and that the birds are hardy, easy to Taise and not subject

Water and free range are by no means a necessity. For years people have been breeding ducks in dry yards with water simply to drink and it is found they do just as well as those given full liberty and access to ponds.

The food of a duck is both vegetable and animal in nature. In the wild .state it gathers its food from brooks and marshes, consisting of flag grasses, small fishes, water insects, and such like. When they are raised in confinement this diet must, in a measure be imitated' to get the best results.

For laying birds take equal parts wheat bran and corn meal to which add 20 percent ground oat feed', 10 to 12 percent of beef scraps and 5 percent coarse sand or grit. The best way is to mix a lot of this and have it ready, so when feeding time comes, we take the required amount of this mixture and add about 25 percent of boiled potatoes, turnips, cut clover an;l the like and stir the whole with enough water to make a thick mush. Of this we feed' all they will eat up. clean morning and night and give them a light lunch of oats and corn at noon. Arrange your yards so as to have plenty of green grass or oats growing so the ducks can help themselves, but if this becomes exhausted you can supply them with young cabbage leaves every day. Keep them supplied with grit and oyster shells all the time. In raising young ducklings the first few days they should be guarded very closely so that they do not get cold' or wet. See that they go back into the brooder or under the mother hen after feeding.

The first week feed the ducklings every two hours just what they will eat up clean and no more, of equal parts of corn meal and wheat bran mixed to a crumbly mass with either milk or water. The next five weeks they are fed four times daily on equal parts of corn meal and wheat bran and ground oat feed, 5 percent beef meal, 5 percent grit and some green stuff such as cut rye, clover," cabbage, etc.

A liberal supply of drinking water is absolutely essential to the growth of a duck. Always replenish the water trough with fresh, pure water when feeding, as ducks will eat a small quantity and go to troughs for drink, repeating this performance several times during the meal. If the watering is neglected or too much food is given them and allowed to remain before them you will find that the little ducklings' nostrils get clogged up, which often results in death unless cleaned out again.

Giving them due attention, i. e., no more feed than they will eat up clean and plenty of water at feeding time to wash out their bills, is in my opinion the most important thing in raising ducklings. It must not be overlooked, howeveT, that crushed oyster shells or some other grit should be kept where the ducks can have free access to them at all times. - A. M. Latham, Clay Co., Texas.

Gapes

For two weeks our little chickens have been troubled with gapes, which we are unable to cure. They gape a few days, quit eating, and die. Examination shows that there are small, slender, red worms in the windpipe. Any information that you can give us about curing or preventing this disease would be gratefully received. - L. M. E., Jewett, 111.

This one of the most serious troubles of young poultry. It is caused by small, slender worms which fasten themselves to the membranous lining Of the windpipe. Their presence is shown by "gaping." stretching the neck and opening the mouth. The worms are believed to come from minute eggs picked up from the ground or with earthworms. Weak chicks will generally succumb to them unless treated in time. The best treatment is a problem. Many are successful in removing them by inserting a fine wire or horse-hair loop into the windpipe and drawing it out with a twist. Others place the affected chicks in a box or barrel covered with cheesecloth and sift air-slacked lime into it. Tiiis causes the worms. to loosen their hold and the chicks cough them out. Destroy all such worms and all t links dying of gapes.

Helpful Advice

has developed layers with vigor. My eti;» produce layers. One-third fancier's price and better layers. *1 per 30. fi per 6». ti per 100, »5 per 200 « per 300. J. K. McARTHY. If. 3. Enfield, III.

It is indeed an easy luntter to save vtir chicks with a Rry CAPE WORM EXTRACTOR This is no fake. We lulllll every promise. 'Mr booklet ex plains all Shall we send it) J. s. KLOCK. Dept. J. Urban, Penna.

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For thirty years Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made from roots and herbs, has been the standard remedy for female ills, and has positively cured thousands of women who have been troubled with displacements, inflammation, ulceration, fibroid tumors, backache, that bearing-down feeling, flatulency, indigestitm, dizziness, or nervous prostration.

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The Ohio Farmer 19-623

(Conducted by W. C. Fair, V. S.) Advice through this department is free to our subscribers. Each communication should state history and symptoms of the case in full; also name and address of writer. Initials only will be published. In acute cases, where we believe that immediate treatment will be necessary, reply will be made by return mail, free.

Distemper. - Team, 5 and 7 years old, had distemper a year ago; were treated by local Vet., but have been running down ever since. Have fed well and given different kinds of condition powders. I must work them. L. A. T., Morenci, Mich. - Horse distemper is a germ ailment. Your horses have never thoroly thrown off the disease and gotten rid of the effects of their sickness. Give tablespoonful fluid extract gentian, 1 tablespoonful fluid extract cinchona and a tablespoonful tincture iron at a dose, in feed, 2 or 3 times a day. If worked turn them to grass nights and give plenty open air and sunlight.

Knuckling. - Horse has shown weakness in hind fetlock joints for past 2 months. Is unable to stand upright without knuckling. C. H. B.. Rockford, O. - Blister fetlock joints with cerate cantharides, or use any one of the well-known blisters regularly advertised in this paper. Blister lightly.

Articular Rheumatism. - Filly's joints snap as if they were dry when she walks. W. J., Wren. O. - She suffers from rheumatism .of joints. Dissolve 2 drams carbonate potash in a pint of water and mix it with her feed, 2 or 3 times a day until she gets well. Apply equal parts alcohol and water to affected joints twice a day.

Uneven Molar Teeth - Indigestion. - Horse eats heartily, but is thin and has had several attacks of indigestion. After he drinks he has a discharge from nose. W: M.. Akron. O. - Examine his grinder teeth. If uneven, float off sharp edges on outside of upper rows and inside of lower. Only file off sharp, uneven points. Also give oz. powdered charcoal, % oz. ground gentian, % oz. ground ginger and 1 oz. bicarbonate soda at a dose, in feed, 2 or 3 times a day.

Poll-Evil. - Horse has large swelling on head, just back of ears. It discharges pus. It broke and healed, but is now swelling again. J. B. D., Denvon, Ky. - He suffers from poll-evil, which is first an abscess, but later becomes a fistulous tumor. At this season of the year such ailments require prompt and energetic treatment. Open up abscess freely. Saturate oakum in equal parts turpentine and raw linseed oil and pack the abscess or pipes full of this mixture. Do this daily until the pipe or wall of abscess sloughs out. Then apply any one of the coal-tar disinfectants advertised in this paper, making a 5 percent solution. Dress the sore twice a day. If there is much pus, use peroxide-hydrogen, twice a day, before applying the coal-tar disinfectant.

Elbow Abscess. - Mare is starting a shoe boil. She has scar on shoulder as if she had a fistula at some time. D. E., Salineville. O. - An elbow abscess or tumor is always the result of a bruise. Re-, move the cause and she will improve. Apply cold water and salt freely; also put % lb. sugar lead and 1 pt. tincture arnica in a gallon of cold water and apply to elbow 4 or 5 times a day. For sweenied shoulder apply any one of the wellknown blisters advertised regularly in this paper.

Atrophy of Shoulder Muscles. - Threeyear-old colt at hard work all spring has muscles of shoulder wasting away. I am h'.istering him with a liquid blister. C. F.

Suppurating Horn. - Cow was dehorned the 26th of March and has lost 300 lb. since. One «f her horns never healed, discharges a great deal of pus. L. B. P.. Milford, O. - Apply peroxide-hydrogen to suppurating stump; 10 minutes later apply equal parts iodoform, boric acid and powdered charcoal, covering parts with oikum and keep them covered. Sore should be dressed twice a day and kept clean. If horn is diseased, it should be sc raped and unhealthy part removed. Do rot use the milk.

I. R. B.. Negley, O. - Apply 1 part tincture iodine and 3 parts camphorated oil to udder, once a dav. Also give 1 dr. iodide potassium and 1 oz. hypo-sulfite soda at a dose, in feed, twice daily. She may bruise her udder in pasture or when lying down.

Mating Mare - Barren Cow. - How large a stallion should I use on a mare weighing about 750 lb.? How should I treat a cow that fails to get with calf? W. L. J., Hudson. O. - Stallion should not weigh over 1.200 lb. Inject cow daily with a 1 to 1,000-solution of permanganate potash, using not less than 3 pints at a time. Use tepid water and apply thru small lubber hose, using a funnel on end.

Indigestion - Impaction. - Cow had a calf 6 months ago and milked well until recently. She was well in morning, but in evening she staggered and had very little use of hind legs. She bloated some and was suffering considerable pain. I. K., Taylorstown, Pa. - You have given nil the medicine needed. Let her have whatever kind of food she craves, preferably grass or sloppy, well-salted bran mash. Give 1 oz. fluid extract gentian and 1 dr. fluid extract nux vomica at a dose, -twice a day.

Sore Teats. - Cow had inflamed udder and sores came on udder which appeared like blisters. As soon as one sore heals another one appears. J. J. A., Otway, O.

- I believe your cow suffered from cowpox. Feed her grass and apply 1 part oxide zinc and 4 parts vaseline to sores on udder, once or twice a day, and she will soon get well.

Partial Paralysis of Hind Quarters. - Sow had pigs ti weeks ago. Two weeks ago she began to lose use of her hindquarters. She has trouble in getting up and suffers some pain in moving. Q. L., Dayton. O. - She suffers from partial paralysis or rheumatism. Give 15 grains carbonate potash at a dose, in feed, 3 times a day. Give enough Epsom salts or castor oil to keep bowels open. Feed oats, middlings and plenty of grass.

Mange. - Pigs have skin ailment. Skin is scaly and unhealthy. Some are scouring and growing thin and some have died. S. H. H., Leesburg, O. - Apply any one of the reliable coal-tar disinfectants advertised regularly in this paper, making the* ointment 1 to 4 of vaseline. Make applications daily. Corn is not a very good food for hogs that suffer from this ailment.