Farmer Township (part 5 of 25)

from Mr. C. M. Freeman, secretary of the National Grange, with points numbered (in parenthesis) for comment here. (1) We regret that Mr. Freeman injects so much of mere opinion and of -personal feeling into the matter, instead of confining himself to an unimpassioned recital of facts and statement of arguments. In (1), he states what motives prompted Mr. Dunham to offer a certain amendment, and then states what Mr. Dunham really meant instead of what he really said! (2) We object to this statement, that up to the Kenton meeting, Dec, 1907, "the farmers' side had scarcely been mentioned!" The cool assumption that Mr. Derthick and the Ohio Farmer and all who do not think as Mr. Freeman does, are not "on the farmer's side," is what we object to. During its whole life of 35 years under the present ownership and management the Ohio Farmer has tried always to be "on the farmer's side" of every important question, and subsequent history has proved that it has been level-headed and on the right side. And we never more earnestly desired to be "on the farmer's side" than in all we have, written on taxation. We give Mr. Freeman credit for honesty and earnestness in his views on taxation; he should give us and the thousands who differ from him exactly the same credit. (3) This "interpretation" is unworthy of Mr. Freeman. It imputes unworthy motives to those who differ from him on a certain economic question. The substitute was as follows:

"First. That there should be appointed a non-partisan tax commission representing the varied interests of the state, which commission in connection with the people thru their representatives, shall have power to revise our tax system from time to time as necessity and experience suggest. Second. That the people should assume the management of their revenues and that the state constitution should permit such elasticity in our tax system as may be found necessary to raise needed revenues, equalize the burden of taxation more nearly than now, and result in the greatest prosperity to our commonwealth." We can not see "low rates to favored classes" in this, but simply a desire to trust the people, unbound by old limitations, to make their own tax laws to fit actual present conditions. (3M.>) If, as Mr. F. says, this "tabled the whole matter," then it tabled also the report of the taxation committee favoring uniform rate and left the State Grange as a body not committed to either side: neither to the present constitutional restriction nor to its removal. (4) This amounts to saying that the same governmental machinery which can colle't a fair and just tax can collect an unfair and unjust tax, and the next line under (4) implies that "policy" always conflicts with "principle." which is not true. St. Paul says: "All (these) things are lawful for me. but not all are expedient." (5) "That no particular effort to enforce tax laws had been made." We say that every effort, including the "inquisitor's tax law." had been made.

(6) This report of "doctrines" is not accepted by the Ohio Farmer, nor by most of those who favor a change In our present (inoperative) tax laws.

(7) The Grange "opposes double taxation in any form." But wo have shown, clearly we think, in fo-mer issues that the taxation of mortgages has been in the past and is likely to be in the future, double taxation. To tax the real estate represented by a deed is to tax that which has already been taxed as represented by the warranty deed covering the same property. The mortgage-tax is in point of fact almost never paid (on the ground that it is double taxation and unjust) but the tax is always charged as excess interest to the bonower, just as if the lender had paid the tax, and this bears hardest of all upon the farmer. (8) This does not seem to us to place the Grange on either side, nor to endorse any action of the executive committee longer than to the next regular meeting of the Grange itself and in this case the Grange did not endorse the action of Nov. 7. The fact is, the Grange, State and National, seems to us to be about equally divided between "uniform rate" and "classification." The State Grange laid the whole question on the table. The National Grange, we are informed, voted only 21 to 15 for uniform rate with 14 not voting because undecided. Why did not Mr. Freeman give these figures, instead of implying that the vote carried with practical unanimity? We have not space to elaborate, but only to say: These are difficult economic and philosophic questions, to be settled by cool, impersonal arguments. To get heated, impute motives and call names will not help but greatly hinder their correct solution.

In justice to State Master Derthick it might be well to explain that all of his public utterances have been made asi an individual, that he did not claim to speak by authority of the Grange, and that, so far as we know, he spoke on taxation only upon invitation.

There have been Statistical Record four distinct of 1907. waves of prosperity in the business of the country during the last forty years. The first began soon after the close of the Civil War and broke in 1872. The second began in 1879 and culminated in a panic in 1884, which lasted until 1887 when another forward movement started. This third wave broke hard in 1893 and was followed by four years of business stagnation. In 1897 the fourth wave was well under way, and this movement has lasted longer and has attained greater dimensions than any that has preceded it. In 1906 almost an unbroken line of records were made in trade and industry. The year 1907 started to outdo the records of the preceding year and the first ten months succeeded in practically every line except agriculture. Some people would have us believe that there has been such a thing as the "panic of 1907," and that we are now entering into the years of depression which follow such crises. The statistical review of the year, while showing some reverses, is nevertheless a wonderful showing and the most convincing evidence of national prosperity. The production records show no evidence of a panic, but indicate a reserve wealth scarcely equalled by any previous year. The following table gives the agricultural yields, with comparisons with the highest yearly record. Figures are given in round numbers, the last three figures being omitted.

Agricultural Yields

In the above table sugar is the only crop in which the 1907 yield surpasses all past records, but all are well above the ten-year average. The unfavorable weather durine the growing seasun was largely responsible for the decreased yields. The early spring was cold and backward and in practically no section of the country were crops up to their normal condition at the beginning of August It was then generally predicted that the total yield would fall far short of previous years. In view of these conditions the year's showing is a tribute to the skill and perseverance of the American farmer. And he is reaping his reward in the increased prices. The heavy domestic and export demands have kept prices well up and in total value of farm crops the year stands ahead of all past records. The following table gives the value of the farm crops.and

Total ...$7,412,000 $6,794,000 This total is the largest ever reached and all crops except rye, buckwheat, flaxseed, cotton and rice exceed all previous records. The total receipts of the government for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, from customs receipts, internal revenue, postoffice.etc, were $846,725,339, only 11.4 percent of the total value of the farm crops. During the recent financial stringency the government authorized the loan of $150,000,000 by the sale of bonds, etc., and gold was imported to the sum of about $75,000,000. The total of money thus secured to relieve the scarcity of currency was $225,000,000, or about three percent of the value of the season's crops. In other words when the farmers of this country bank, or by other means, put three percent of their year's income into circulation, they duplicate the effort of the government in correcting the financial depression and increase the total of money in circulation by seven percent. Other records which indicate the volume and value of business are shown in the following table, last three figures being omitted:

The increasing num- HorsEnoLD Lec- ber o f inquiries tures at Ohio which are coming to Institutes. us from various sections of Ohio for advice in securing suitable speakers on domestic topics for farmers' institutes indicates that it is fully time for Ohio to progress from the old custom of devoting all of the institute lectures and funds to the problems that pertain mostly to the men's work on the farm. Mr. Blackford, one of the Ohio institute speakers, has an interesting communication on this need on page 20 of this issue. We are years behind several states in recognizing that the domestic side of farm life, the farm women's wnrk and problems, constitute a "branch of business connected with the industry of agriculture," and should have state aid in institute instruction on the same basis with the producing, the crop and stock raising branch. Illinois. Indiana. Kansas. Michigan, Minnesota, New York and Wisconsin are sending out to their institutes, at state expense, lecturers on domestic topics. For several years many of the Ohio local institute associations have been trying to meet the wants of their farm housekeepers with abstract papers by local ability, by securing near-by speakers whose charges and expenses were within the $31.25 allowed by the state for local expenses, by subscription, or by admission fees at independent sessions, which had to be held after the institute proper beccuse the law forbids admission charges at state-aided institutes. It is absurd and unfair to oblige the institute associations to provide for this sort of instruction out of the pittance left of the $31.25 after necessary local expenses are covered: to permit the domestic "branch of the industry of agriculture" (Continued on page 17.)

Cleveland, Ohio, January 18, 1908

"Y - es," admitted Mrs. De Forest, doubtfully surveying .the roomy old country house, with its neglected, weed-grown lawn and garden. "It is, as you say, a little out of repair."

"A little!" scouted Ermentrude, the eldest Miss De Forest. "Why, it's a perfect owl's nest! The shutters of the bay window are half off their hinges, and the hall paper is fairly mottled with the dampness!"

"But it's a delightful old retreat, if it is a little out of repair," amended Bab, the youngest Miss De Forest, with all the enthusiasm of her eighteen years.

Bab, with her usual impetuosity, had already made her way all over the house, from cellar to garret, while her sisters and aunt were still inspecting the first floor.

"There isn't a whole pane of glass in the third story of the west wing," she added, cheerfully, "and the place is full of bats, and I thought I heard and got a glimpse of some ghost back in the dark end of the long hall, gliding into a darker room after the manner of day-time ghosts!"

"What do you say, girls?" questioned Aunt De Forest, drawing her two elder nieces apart for a private consultation. "Shall we decide to take the place? House rent is a great consideration to us, you know, and the Van Blarcoms offer it scot-free, 'to refined tenants,' ahem! 'who will take care of the property,' as they have decided to remain in Italy, and are averse to selling the old homestead."

"O, certainly! The place will be put in repair at once, and the rooms redecorated," promised the agent, urbanely, glad to have the matter settled so promptly.

Mrs. De Forest and her nieces, having lost nearly all their worldly possessions in the great San Francisco disaster, had made the best of their way on a refugee train to a small Missouri town, where they metaphorically threw themselves upon the bosom of their only known relative, a maternal uncle of the three girls.

The uncle, however, not being in the best of circumstances himself, was somewhat nonplussed by the sudden and unexpected advent of his distressed relatives.

But as "Every woman her own milliner, dressmaker and fancy-worker" was the motto at Hazel Hill, and as such work composed the whole repertoire of the De Forest capabilities, the question of their earning a livelihood seemed a precarious one, to say the least.

However, the opportunity of securing a desirable residence without any pecuniary consideration seemed really Providential, especially as much of the

Aunt De Forest, it seemed, had a small annuity, which she was fortunate enough to receive from the stricken city, and on this they could live with some degree of comfort, for a time at least.

"Thank Providence, we shall be able to pay the gardener's hire, and bity a few necessities, tho we may not live on the fat of the land, exactly," sighed the elder lady, resignedly.

"Uncle Sylvester says there is a good market for butter and eggs, and for all the 'garden truck' we can grow," declared Bab, enthusiastically. "And he says there's lots of small fruit on the place, gooseberries, raspberries, and the like, which we can sell. And with a man to do the hard work, I'm sure I could raise all we shall eat of garden vegetables and have much to sell.

"And won't it be just lovely, to live in the country, where we can sit under our own vine and fig tree, with no one to molest, or make us afraid! No rent-collector, anyway!"

The repairs were completed at last, and the De Forests, much to their own satisfaction, took possession of their new home. The young man recommended by the agent, to garden and do odd jobs, made his appearance punctually. He was quite a good-looking young man, with pleasant gray eyes, and a red-brown moustache; he seemed intelligent, too.

"You will take your meals in the kitchen," announced Ermentrude, on her first interview with the young gardener. "And I presume you will sleep over the stable."

"Anywhere that's convenient," agreed the employe. "It's quite immaterial where I eat or sleep. Pity the old house has been so neglected," he added, gazing at the dilapidated west wing.

"We shall not need your opinion about the condition of the house," she returned, coldly. "All that is required of you is to attend to your own duties." And shaking out the folds of her stiffly-starched calico dress Ermentrude rustled away with all the dignity of a society belle.

"I wanted to impress him, and teach him to know his place," she explained to Aunt De Forest and Lollita, "but it was really hard to kepii a straight face, he seemed so surprised. I suppose the farmers where he has worked have been in the habit of treating him like one of the family. He went off meekly enough, tho," she added, laughing.

The spacious rooms of the old mansion had been re-decorated, according to promise, and the family purse was strained to the utmost in supplying the necessary articles of furniture, simple tho they were. Some cheap matting and one or two rugs for the floors, muslin curtains to the windows, with lambrequins and mantel scarfs evolved by Ermentrude's skillful fingers, and a few pretty chromos and engravings on the walls made the house Lome-like and attractive.

Lollita had a fancy for flowers, and with her supervision the oval and heart-shaped beds in front of the building were put in order, and planted with carnations, China pinks, petunias, nasturtiums, verbenas, various-colored zinnias, balsams, and marigolds. While, in due season wistarias, clematis, searlet-runners, moonflowers and passionvines twined about the posts and pillarc . of porches and verandas; and hanging baskets of ferns, and groundivy ornamented the long French windows and balconies.

Altho the young gardener gave excellent satisfaction to his employers, and showed no signs of presumption, he continued to take his meals in the kitchen, and to sleep over the stable, and if, by chance, his duties brought him into contact with either Miss Ermentrude, or Miss Lollita, they treated him with the cold toleration they might have bestowed on an East Indian thug, or a Dyak head-hunter, who had chanced to cross their path.

She planted the greater part of the vegetable garden, under John's directions, and kept her word in regard to the pumpkins and speckled beans, following patiently in the wake of John as he planted the long rows of corn, carefully dropping the exact number of beans and pumpkin-seeds to a hill, according to his directions.

"But don't you think it a waste of corn, John, to drop six grains to a hill," she asked, "when you only want three stalks, and have to pull up the other three?"

"Well, you see, its this way, Miss Bab." John paused to wipe his sunburned cheek on the corner of a handkerchief, which he wore around his neck for that very purpose.

But one day, much later on, when the corn was in tassel, and the beanvines with their pale, green pods were twined gracefully around the tall stalks, and the pumpkins were beginning to show their large, round, yellowing proportions from among the wide leaves, Bab stole bashfully to the house, with a beating heart and blush-, ing cheeks - to discover her sisters in tears.

"Ermentrude - Lollie - what is it?" What is the matter'" she demanded, with a throb of self-reproach, that she had been so selfishly happy, while her sisters had been in trouble.

"You may well ask what is the matter," sobbed Lollita, while Ermentrude dried her eyes and bitterly explained: "The matter is that the Van Blarcoms are going to sell the place" -

"This place, to be sure, reiterated Ermentrude. "The agent has been here to tell us that they have already sailed from Italy, and will be here in a short time, to meet the purchaser here, and complete the bargain. And of course we shall be turned out at short notice! Aunt is completely prostrated."

had become attached to the rambling old place partly for reasons unknown to the others, and it wrung her very heart-strings to think that they must give it up.

"Perhaps it won't!" snapped Lollita, angrily. And finding that she had no oil to cast on the troubled waters, Bab stole sorrowfully away to the meadowbars, leading into the lane, where she met John on his way home with a forkful of new hay for the horses.

"0, John," cried Bab, as he drew near, "we - we can't be married at corn-harvest time, after all, because the Van Blarcoms are on their way home, and they are going to sell the old place, right away! And Aunt is nearly prostrated!"

"What is that, sweetheart?" John threw the hay on the ground, leaned his fork against a tree, and took pretty Bab in his arms. "Sell the old place? Well, let them sell it, dearest! I have good health, and a strong pair of arms, and I think I can provide for my little wife, and the aunt and sisters, too!"

"What of that?" asked John, caressing her tenderly. "They are your sisters, and your aunt, and it is only my duty to provide for them. Besides, they treated me simply as city people usually treat coachmen and gardeners and men of all work."

Aunt De Forest and her three nieces were gathered in the simply-furnished parlor, when the agent and a freshfaced, elderly lady, attired in black, appeared on the scene.

"My dear Mrs. De Forest, and you, too, girls," said Mrs. Van Blarcom, smilingly, when the introductions had been duly pronounced, "how can I thank you for the exquisite care you have given to the dear old homestead? Indeed it is dear to me," she added, "and I should never dream of selling it to strangers, but my nephew, who is about to be married, has a great liking for the place, and has offered me such a liberal price for it, that I really could not refuse him. He promised to meet me here:"

At that moment a knock sounded on the door, and Ermentrude hastened to answer the summons. It was John, the gardener, who stood on the threshold.

John bowed respectfully. "But it is the visitor I wish to see," he rejoined. And before Ermentrude could frame an answer to such an insolent remark, Mrs. Van Blarcom rushed to the door and threw her arms around the intruder's neck.

"My dear, dear nephew!" she cried, and what happened after that seemed all a chaotic confusion to the De Forest* family. John, the gardener and factotum, who had been compelled to take his meals in the kitchen, and to sleep in the stable; who had been flouted and looked down upon, and considered beneath their notice; was it possible, could it be possible, that this same John was the nephew of Mrs. Van Blarcom. and the propective purchaser of the old estate but fortunately warded off the attack for the time being, and willingly gave her sanction to the alliance of the young lovers, while Ermentrude and Lollita had the grace to beg pardon of their prospective brother-in-law, for the contumely with which he had been treated.

"Besides," he continued, "when I took the place of hired man and factotum I had no right to expect any other treatment than that usually accorded by city people to servants."

"But," replied Aunt De Forest, "when we saw, as we couldn't he'p doing, that you were an educated gentleman, we ought to have 'risen to the occasion,' and I'm ashamed that we didn't, as it seems Bab did."

"If I must admit it, little girl, the truth is I had been looking over the old place, in my white duck suit, the very day you came to inspect it, with your aunt and sisters, and I was back in the west wing, among the bats, when you peeped in at the door. And, of course, I kept back in the dark and - fell in love with you at sight. And so I persuaded the agent to recommend me as a suitable hand when he said you wanted one. And the rest you know! "

"What puzzles me is to know how you could be such a good gardener and farm hand," admitted Mrs. De Forest, in a confidential tete-a-tete with her nephew-in-law to be. "You were not brought up to it, I'm sure."

"Not exactly, my good auntie, but I graduated from our State Agricultural College, and I worked for a year at the State Experiment Farm, in Columbia. I prefer farming to any other occupa tion," added John, "and that is one reason I bought this old bungalow. Bab is fond of it, too, and to please her I am going to renovate the wholu of the west wing, to which she has taken a fancyi"

THE telephone, which is now a business and household necessity nearly everywhere, was invented within the memory of a large proportion of the people who are living today. It was considered a remarkable invention and an interesting fad by scientists for years before it was given serious consideration as a device of everyday utility. Even when, with the assistance of an electrical current, the sound of the voice could be successfully transmitted for a mile or more, it was only thought to be a device that would be useful in connecting two par'ies, one -with the other. Only a few days ago the writer was talking with a gentleman who has been one of the greatest factors in promoting the telephone in Ohio. He told of his early acquaintance with the inventor of the telephone and of the great trouble that was experienced *t interesting the public in the device. Finally, a great harvester machine company in Springfield, O., grasped the possibilities of the device and installed telephones connecting the factory departments with the main office. But in the main office there was a 'phone over which to speak with each department - over a dozen in all! Then came our homes or offices, in country or city, and talk to some one five hundred miles away with no more exertion than is necessary when we talk to our next-door neighbor. From a fad and a luxury the telephone has grown to be an actual necessity, without which the activities of the business and social world in city and country would be sadly crippled.

r.mong which the most talked of were those of De Forest and Marconi. These men were so successful that now practically every great trans-oceanic freight or passenger vessel is equipped for wireless communication with shore and with other ships. At all times on their way across the Atlantic Ocean, ships are in wireless communication with one or both shores. Stations at Cleveland, O.. have intercepted messages from ships well out to sea off

S. Battleship

Last summer, while attending the annual Inter-Lake Regatta at Put-in- Bay, I had accepted an invitation to step aboard Commodore Huntington's yacht Thelma, and noticed what I considered an unusual-looking marine instrument on a table in the cabin. Being unable to figure out what the thing was, I made bold to inquire, and was told by the genial Commodore that it was a wireless telephone! "A what?"

I asked again. "A wireless telephone," he repeated. I must have shown by my looks that I could hardly credit the statement, but that was hardly to be wondered at, for here was the first instrument in the world for the transmission of the human voice without the use of wires. The other station was on shore near the boat landing, and tests were being made daily, the Thelma taking up her position at various positions and distances about the islands and establishing communication with the shore station. At that time they succeeded in talking over a distance of about four miles.

That was the be ginning of what is destined to be a great system of c o m m u n ication. Why may not the wireless telephone displace the wireless telegraph very largely - except for the development of the telephone instrument, the utilization of the elec- . trical current in transmission of the sound of the voice, and finally the invention of the central switchboard by which different parties could t»e connected. This made the plan complete, and improvements innumerable have been made until today we can sit in of tests that were being made with a system of wireless telegraphy, but the whole thing was so incongruous, so weird and seemingly so impossible, that it was hard to believe. But the inventors knew their business, and minded it. working hard to perfect their new systems of communication. We say "systems" because there were several,

Cape Hattcras. The ships of the Great l akes are equipped to send and receive messages. Several years ago, upon landing at a beautiful island harbor in the North Pacific Ocean I was solicited to buy, and did buy, p daily called the "Wireless." which contained news delivered from the California Coast by wireless telegraph each day.

code communh ation? And if communication can be carried on without wires, why should this enormous expense not be discontinued altogether? Are there not great possibilities in it?

The United States government Is ever xm the alert for new and useful inventions - especially in the army and navy departments. But unless an invention has real worth it is never accepted for use. Therefore the acceptance of an invention by the army or navy is as high a credit as can be given it. This mark has been placed upon Dr. Lee De Forest's wireless telephone system, and the fleet that is now steaming southward toward the Horn to round into the Pacific Ocean, is completely equipped with wireless telephones. Admiral Dvans can actually speak any ship in the fleet from the flagship Connecticut, and converse with her commander without depending upon code flag or wig-wag. From time immemorial the only system of communication between ships of the navy has been the code and the wig- wag. The former consists of elevating the various code flags in certain succession or groups, each having its exact significance. This system had to be interpreted by the signal officers of the various ships. The wig-wag system is a sort of telegraph system carried on by means of a small square flag on a staff, which is manipulated by a jackie under the direction of the ship's signal officer. Compared with wireless telephony both systems are laborious and cumbersome. The U. S, government is the first to utilize the new system of communication, and the warships of the fleet now under way to reach our Western coast next May are the only ones in the world so equipped. Admiral Evans is particularly proud of this fact.

It would not be advisable to attempt a detailed description of the system here and now, but a brief statement of what it is and how it works will certainly interest our readers. Like wireless telegraphy, wireless telephony is carried on thru the. production of electric waves that pass thru the atmosphere and other substances, solid as well. They travel at the same velocity as light, 186,000 miles per second. The production and transmission of these waves is practically the same in wireless telephony as it is in wireless telegraphy. In the catching or interrupting of these delicate wa\^ impulses, however, there is a great difference f">- tween the two systems. In wireless telegraphy it is possible to work the familiar Morse dot and dash system with five interruptions per second, while in the wireless telephone work che vibrations come at the rate of from 500 per second, for a man's voice, to 20,000 per second for the overtones. Any one of several receiving devices may be successfully used in the wireless telegraph system, but the telephone receiver must, of necessity, be a very delicate device. The instrument used is called the Audion, and it looks something like an incandescent lamp. It is shown in one of the illustrations presented herewith.

In the words of Mr. Franklin H. Peed, one of the best electrical authorities: "The process, stripped of its complications, consists of creating the waves for carrying the energy by what may be called a series of electrical explosions. On the great fundamental etheric waves, which ma be likened to the large waves set up in water by the falling of a stone, he causes tiny wavelets, due to the action of an ordinary telephone transmitter, to ride. Trains of waves thus bearing their delicate burdens rush off in their ever-widening course, and an instant later a portion of their path is intercepted by the wires extending upward into the air at the receiving-station. The electrical energy prefers to follow the metallic path thus provided to continuing on thru space, and moves down the wire to the earth. In this path is interposed a receiving device which allows the main waves to pass, but gathers out all the energy in the wavelets created by the action of the transmitter into which words were spoken.

"Apparatus for receiving the voice energy is of a comparatively simple character. An antenna is erected to divert to earth a portion of the energy in the electromagnetic waves, and condensers, built up of plates of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity, separated by layers of air, together with coils of wire, are connected in such a way as to tune the antenna to the same electrical pitch as the one at the sending-station. Once this tuning apparatus has been adjusted, electrical oscillations are set up in the circuit when subjected to the repeated impact of the waves, in the same way that the repeated sounding of a note on a musical instrument will set in vibration other objects which give out a similar tone. In this receiving circuit, thru which passes the energy absorbed from the waves, is included some receiving device which will respond to every slightest fluctuation of electrical current. The effect of this receiving device is to magnify the weak fluctuations, giving them sufficient strength to operate an ordinary telephone receiver. The latter instrument retransforms the electrical waves into sound-waves, which unite to produce words similar to those spoken into the distant transmitter."

On the preceding page are shown the instruments used in wireless telephony. The receiver frame fits over the head like those used by the operators at ordinary telephone "centrals." The transmitter is also shown with the ordinary telephone "mouthpiece." The small instrument between the receiver and transmitter in the left-hand picture is a telegraph key that is used for calling the party desired. It may also be used as a wireless telegraph.

At present the wireless 'phone is known to operate successfully over sixty-five miles of water. It ha"s not been experimented with much on land.. There is no doubt but that the range of the instruments will be greatly increased within a short time. The sound of the voice is clearer than with the wire telephones as there is no buzzing of the wires- to contend with. The army department has appropriated the sum of five thousand dollars for experimental work in wireless telephony. One eminent authority states his firm belief that the experiments that have already been made warrant the statement that wires for telephoning will cease to be a feature of the telephone business. This will be seen to be quite an item when it is recalled that the Bell telephone system alone uses 6,500,000 miles of wire. It also is said to cost 22i/2 million dollars annually to maintain the poles of the telegraph and telephone systems in America. - J. F. C.

By Berta Hart Nance

The type of boat used upon the rivers of the central United States is one that has been evolved for the navigation of shallow streams such as the Mississippi and its tributaries. There are times when there is plenty of water in these rivers and there are other times when the going requires very careful work. At some seasons navigation of the Ohio, for instance, must be suspended altogether. 'ihis is generally between September first and January first. Therefore the boats are as shallow draft as can possibly be built and not be top heavy. They have good beam, or width, and this gives them the required stability to stand up with high upper works and frequently with a heavy deck load. They have a very "nousy" appearance and have not the pretty lines of craft that travel deep waters and which must be built to withstand a wash or heavy sea. The river boats are all built with flat bottoms; some hulls are of steel but most of them are of wood. They are sometimes loaded down with cotton until, the lower deck is under water.

As stated in the last magazine all freight and all passengers enter the boat over the forecastle deck, or the lower deck, forward. From this deck a wide stairway leads to the cabin deck, above. The forward part and the sides of this deck are also used for freight while the greater part of it is occupied by the cabin. The cabin of one of these river boats is like a like it before the war. Of course those boats were not lighted with electricity and were not provided with modern conveniences. But doubtless they were just as comfortable in many ways, and in fact, in some ways, they would ha"" been better to sleep on than the boat of today. One night we were trying to put in a good night's rest in one of the "noiseless" state rooms which was just over the ship dynamo. There was no sleep to be had, however, until the blamed thing "busted" or slipped the belt or something, and all the lights on the boat went out. Then some rich African voice away down in the steerage piped up, "Where was Moses when the light went out?" - but » e hardly heard the last words. The quietness and the dark were so soothing that we were sound alseep almost as soon as the light faded from mo filaments in the incandescent lamps. But as a rule these boats are very quiet and it is a fact with one of the ^oats which we traveled upon, that one could not tell whether the boat was under way or not without looking outside.

Of course one will be interested in his fellow passengers. There was net a heavy passenger list at the season of the year in which we were traveling (November), so we had plenty of opportunity to see and know every one aboard. Everyone is cordial on these boats, with rare exceptions. The boat companies make it a rule for their long room, extending practically the entire length of the boat. There are no divisions in it - just one big cabin. The "men's cabin" is the forward end of the main cabin and here the men are supposed to remain while smoking. Men unaccompanied by ladies are supposed to remain here at all times. The barjroom is also located at the men's end of the cabin. Of this we shall have more to say later. The ladies' cabin" is at the extreme aft end of the main cabin. There is no dividing wall between it and the rest ot the cabin, but their portion is generally carpeted and furnished with easy chairs. There is also a piano there and the boat running south from Memphis also had a fine talking machine with a full line of first-class record.

As soon as we were well under way and the evening hd become so dark that we could see little outside we naturally interested in sizing up the inside of the cabin which was to be our home for a few days. Really the general appearance of the cabins of these river steamers is quite cozy when the lights are lit and everybody is sitting around wonderin. what there will be to eat for supper. There are several things to occupy one's mind. First you make mental note of the surroundings and possibly comment upon them to yourself ot to your companion. Here is a type of boat that is rather ancient. They used boats very boat officers and men to become acquainted with the passengers to t;ie extent of answering questions and making them enjoy their trip. Then there is always the congenial fellow traveler who, like yourself, is looking for some pleasant way in which to dispose of his time. The first meeting of the passengers is generally at the table, and after a meal or two you begin to feel that you really belong there and come to know people by where they sit at the table.

The table, by the way, h quite an important factor in the pleasures of the trip. Here is where the company makes good some of the money which you pay them. If anything the meals are too elaborate. One does not need an immense meal, three times a day. when he is traveling on one of these easy-moving boats, which have not even the jar of the railway train to keep the appetite stirred up. Still the cooks on the steamboats insist on mixing up the best of foods in the finest of fashions and setting it all before you in such elaborate quantities that you are ashamed not to eat; and you just sail in and make a hog of yourself often to the subsequent uneasiness of your internal machinery. But a brisk walk on the upper or texas deck, will keen you in fair trim.

The Oho Farmer

body sits down at once, boat officers, men, women and children. Ladies and their escorts are seated at the table nearest the ladies' end of the cabin. Then come the men passengers, and at the men's end of the cabin the boat officers are seated. The table help, is black, as is all of the help on the boat, and they are careful and courteous waiters. They are ^ot looking for large tips at all times, but a small one, of course, does no harm.

After supper the first evening aboard wife and I were taking a stroll around the texas deck, when the ship bell tolled twice. We were out in midstream and we were at a loss to know what the Jig ial meant. But we soon found out. Going forward we found a big black stevedore perched up on the rail of the texas, repeating in a rather musical manner after one of the boatmen, who was on the forecastle deck below, a strange lot of words r - "Quarter less twain," "Mark twain," "Quarter twain," "Quarter less three," etc. These are the terms used in calling the results of the soundings that are taken below when the boat is known to be in shallow water. These soundings are taken by "heaving the lead" or dropping into the water a weight on the end of a line, which is marked to show the depth to which it goes. The men become very expert at taking these soundings and can call them immediately the lead touches bottom, even on the darkest night. In calling or singing the depth it is called in feet up to ten feet. Above that the terms are as follows: Quarter less twain, 10% leet. Mark twain - 12 feet, or two fathoms. Quarter twain - 13% feet. Half twain - 15 feet. Quarter less three - 16i/. feet. Mark three - 18 feet, or three fathoms. After that "no bottom." The singing of the soundings had a sort of fascination for me. They are sung with a sort of tune - half spoken and half sung - and especially in the dead of night have a weird but pleasing effect. It may not be generally known that they must have had the same effect upon a certain great humorist who used to run as pilot on one of the Mississippi River boats. For Samuel L. Clemens is much better known by his pen name - Mark Twain - than by his own real name. The call "no bottom" must also have ,had a deep effect upon a certain nigger in the deck gang of the boat from St. Louis to Memphis, for whenever he was ordered to his place at the guy to swing the staging inboard or outboard to make a landing, he invariably accompanied the action of reaching down to get hold of the rope by drawling out to a tune of his own, and which was rather musical in its own way - "There a-aint no bottom daown, he-e-e-ayr." If I heard him sing that song once I heard him sing it twenty times in the days I was on the boat and happened to be watching him when he was ordered to his post. When the pilot calls for soundings to be taken one tap indicates that the lead shall be heaved to starboard (right); two taps to larboard or port (left).

I have mentioned the texas deck several times. That is the upper deck, or hurricane deck, as it is called on most steamers. The structure that occupies most of the deck is called the texas in reference to the state of Texas. It is a large deck house containing the cabins of the officers and the men's quarters. The pilot house is on top of it.

WOOL TRADE REVIEW. The American Wool and Cotton Reporter of April 23 reports very little trading in the wholesale market. Best grades of wool are steadily maintained at the prevailing prices of the last few weeks, and altho manufacturers object to paying full quotations, they are unwilling to take the goods offered at lower prices, and they continue to buy at the established basis of 50 to 52 cents. The buying is in small lots and will probably continue so until business improves in other circles. Shearing is becoming more general in the West and buyers are preparing to go into the field. So far no price basis for new wools has been established, and no one looks for any activity whatever until the sales take place at the different shearing centers. There appears to be no contracting of new wools, but the prospects seem good for an unusually good clip, owing to a mild winter and plenty of rains, and it is expected that a reasonable amount of direct buying will be done as soon as the price basis is fixed. There is no probable condition in the near future that warrants a higher price for new wools than the prevailing prices in the Eastern markets at the present time. Wools have been abnormally high. Sharp competitive bidding last year gave the grower a fancy price and he has not yet given up hope of arousing the same competition this season. But the fancy price he secured for his product shows a loss to many dealers of several cents a pound on the wool they have sold since October and what still remains in the warehouses, and if they get caught again this year, they do not deserve much sympathy.From sales by growers of fleece wools already made, it looks as if the grease price for medium and fine fleeces would by 18 to 29 cents a pound. The market is remarkably bare of choice fleeces better than quarter-bloods, and the continued lack of demand has had a softening effect 'Upon prices of this grade. No large business has been reported, but a lot of 20,000 lb. of northern Missouri quarters sold at 25c, and Ohio quarters have sold at 25c in small lots. Of the finer grades. 50.000 Ohio % -bloods sold at 27y.c and 30,000 lb. of the same grade sold at 27c.

BUSINESS CONDITIONS. Dun's Review of April 25. says: Light weight wearing apparel is the only commodity that is showing much activity in the retail trade, and crops have not made sufficient progress to encourage normal preparation for future business in wholesale and jobbing departments. Payments are a little more prompt owing to the ease of money. Many securities have risen to the highest point of the year. Industrial reports show no improvement, a few cases of Increased activity being more than offset by the shutting down of other plants for six weeks or two months. Railway earnings thus far reported for April were 16.9 percent smaller than in 1907, and immigation in March was 100,000 less than in the same month last year. Foreign commerce at New York City for last week showed losses of $623,134 in exports and $3,444,826 in imports as compared with the corresponding- week last year. The iron and steel industries continue dull; the outlook for the year being indicated by an estimation of a reduction of 20,000,000 tons in ore shipments. The wheat market strengthened considerably during the week, altho the conditions in the growing crops are most encouraging. The receipts in Western markets were fully 3,000,000 bushels less than a year ago. and exports were considerably less. - Failures this week numbered 308 in the United States against 228 last year, and 22 in Canada compared with 16 a year ago.

Save Your Fruit The Board Of Agriculture

The objects sought by Senate bill introduced last week by Senator Rose of Marietta are quite clearly explained in our Columbus letter on the second editorial page. Certain amendments were introduced in the Senate , which seem to the best friends of agriculture sure to hamper the Board and obstruct its usefulness. At a meeting of the House Committee on Agriculture. Attorney General Ellis and representatives of the State Agricultural Department and of the Ohio Farmer went over the bill carefully with the -committee, and the latter amended the Senate bill so as to reduce it essentially to its original form, and voted unanimously to recommend its immediate passage by the House. There seems no doubt that it will pass and be concurred in by the Senate. This will remove all possible question as to the constitutionality and legality of the Ohio Department of Agriculture and all its police work in protecting the farmers against frauds in fertilizers. feeds, etc.. and against the spread of injurious. contagious diseases of plants and animals. It will also permit the immediate publication of last year's fertilizer analyses. held up down to date by a temporary injunction secured by a certain fertilizer company.

Soldier's Vote. - -May a United States soldier vote while on duty in any possession of the United States? Subscriber. - The United States statutes make no provision for soldiers voting while on duty. Of course, they can vote at their place of can not vote at other places unless it hapcan vote at other places, unless it happens that the local laws are so drawn as to permit them to do so. but such is probably not the case anywhere. - H. L. S.

Governor. - In case of the death or resignation of Governor Harris, who would become Governor? Subscriber. - The constitution of the United States provides that when the office of Governor becomes vacant by the death or resignation of the Lieutenant Governor who is then filling the office, the presiding officer of the Senate, shall become Governor, and if he dies or is removed from office the Speaker of the House of Representatives is next in succession. - H. L. S.

Thinks It Excellent. - I take the liberty in congratulating you upon the excellent number of your paper just received. I had just returned from one of the worst fires it has been my privilege to attend. Talking the matter over with a friend I began asking concerning fire protection on the farm, and he admitted that as a general rule there was little or none. Thinking along these lines I returned home, and the first thing I read was your article on page 2-466. "Protection from fire on the farm." I am sure you will be conveying a favor on your readers by publishing more along the same line of thought. I like your paper very much and wish you success. - J. G. Bavley, Cape May Point, N. J., April 23, 190S.

Catalogs, Etc., Received

Many people who use machinery often wonder how the various parts are made, and what the shops, foundries, etc.. look like where this work is done. The various processes are wonderful to those who are not familiar with this sort of work. A catalog that is very interesting in this connection is being sent out by the Chas. A. Stickney Co., St. Paul. Minn. It shows a large number of excellent views in and about their extensive works, and contains a large amount of interesting and instructive information about gasoiine engines. Sent free to Ohio Farmer readers who request it by writing to the address above.

A neat booklet has just reached this office entitled 'Ruberoid Pete." It is an interesting conversation with a man who. from the fact that he is an enthusiastic admirer of Ruberoid Roofing, has been given that nickname. The booklet is handsomely illustrated and is full of reliable gospel regarding ready roofing. A copy will be sent free to all Ohio Farmer readers who write to the Standard Paint Co., Dept. 11. 100 William St., New York, and request it.

The annual fire loss is something terrific and builders everywhere are constantly on the lookout for fire-proofing materials. A new one is called asbestos wood. It is a fire-proof substitute for wood, slate, marble and fiber, and is used in building construction and electrical insulation. It has stood some remarkable fire tests. It« isfully described in a very interesting and attractive booklet now being sent out free upon request by the H. W. Johns-Manville Co.. 100 William St.. New York. Mention the Ohio Farmer when vou write for it.

"Strout's Money-Making Farms of America" is a 216-page book, handsomely illustrated, which has just been received from E. A. Strout Company. 150 Nassau St.. New York. It is a very handy book of reference, giving facts regarding crops raised, profits realized and farm land value" throut fourteen states from Maine to Florida. Hundreds of farms are listed and illustrated and prices quoted. Tt is a

Use Oisparene, a pure arsenate of lead in paste form, the best preventive against all leaf and fruit eating insects, codling moth (both broods), canker worm, tent caterpillar, grape insects, potato bugs, cucumber beetles, etc. It mixes easily with water, does not harm the foliage and rain will not wash it off.. Use 2 to 3 lb. of Disparene to 50 gallons of water. Prices: 2 lb., 40c; 5 lb., 90c; 10 lb., $1.70; 25 lb., $4.25; 100 lb., $15; used by Dr. W. I. Chamberlain for several years with excellent results. Disparene is not a fungicide.

Pyrox is a combined insecticide and fungicide, kills codling moth, cankerworm and all leaf-eating insects, and prevents apple scab, pear blight, rusts, etc., on fruits or flowers. It is a combination of arsenate of lead (Disparene) and Bordeaux mixture. Ten lb. of Pyrox make 60 to 100 gallons of spray. Prices: 5 lb., $1; 10 lb., $1.75; 25 lb., $4; 100 lb., $15.

Boxal is a combined fungicide and insecticide prepared specially for potatoes, kills the bugs, prevents blight and prolongs the life of the plant, increasing the yield. Use 5 lb. to 50 gallons of water, which will spray one acre of potatoes when vines are 6 inches high. Spray again in two weeks and afterwards as may seem necessary. Prices: Dry Boxal, 1 lb. 30c; 5 lb., $1.25; 100 lb., $20.

Disparene, Pyrox and Boxal stick to, but will not burn, the foliage, are not washed off by rain and upon this account are cheaper to use than other preparations. All prices are F. O. B. Cincinnati, O.. and goods can be furnished only in packages of the sizes mentioned. Shipped by freight or express. Get your neighbors to order with you, take advantage of the lower prices upon the larger packages, and save in delivery charges.

When hardwood trees have grown to proper size they are felled, trimmed and cut into convenient lengths, which are sent to the factory to be made into "rotary veneer." Here they are first boiled in a vat containing steam and water until soft and pliable, after which they are peeled and sent to the veneering machine to be cut into veneers from one-sixteenth to one-fortieth of an inch in thickness. The cutting machine resembles a turning lathe inasmuch as the log is placed between clamps which revolve slowly while a huge knife, held at the proper angle by an immense frame. slices off the veneer until none but the core, or that part held by the clamps, remains. This method gives a perfect vertical grain veneer of uniform thickness. The usual veneer is one-twentieth of an inch, so thin that it would seem it must be broken in handling, but owing to the boiling process rarely cracks or breaks.

Next, the veneer is dried between steamheated plates until it is thoroly shrunk. After being kept in storage for a certain length of time (depending upon its thickness) it is cut into suitable lengths for the cabinet maker and sent to another factory to be made into "built up" boards. The lengths are now sorted and glued one upon»another and fitted so that the grain of one layer is opposite to that of the next, the coarser being used for the interior, and the finer, more perfect ones for the surface.

When the desired thickness is produced, this "built up" board is placed in a hydraulic press and squeezed until it becomes one solid piece of wood. It is now ready for cutting and finishing in any way desired, being used precisely as a board sawed from a log. but the grain of the "built up" wood is more beautiful when finished, and the surface will take a much higher polish, while the strength and durability are vastly increased. A firm, substantial material has been produced which will seldom warp, swell or crack, either in hot. cold or moist weather. For that reason all really good cabinet work of today is made from "built up" material.

Those among our readers who are so fortunate as to own a Singer Sewing Machine may study at their leisure the perfect grain of the wood employed in its cabinet and consider the time and money spent to secure a result so pleasing and serviceable. We are told that the Singer Sewing Machine Company maintain at South Bend. Indiana, the largest wood working plant of this kind in the world and the Singer process of "building up" is effected by machines exclusively owned and operated by the Singer Company.

Breese Brothers Co. make a most attractive "freight prepaid" roofing proposition. Their folder and booklet is a work of art and carries conviction. Write for their prices, which they claim are the. lowest ever offered by any roofing manufacturer. Free samples and full information concerning prices will be sent free. Address them at Roofing Department 13, Cincinnati.

Why Does The Cream Separator

(JBecause it has that solid, low frame ; most simple yet efficient bowl, holding World's Record {or cleanest skimming ; so many conveniences ; and the easiest tunning separator made.

Bellows Falls, Vt Cow Peas

SQJA BEANS- °ue of the ricne9t feeds which wwvh Wbfvllv we have. As grain they aimlyze as high as tliirty-eight percent protein. As hay they compare favorably with clover. Onr i etail prices are actually as low as wholesale. Wn.e for Catalog and prices.

Iowa Gold Mine Seed Corn

I have, a limited amnnnt of Ohio grown Iowa Gold Mine Seed Corn which I will tell wi.'-> it lasts at *1.»0 per bushel in new train bags am. no charge for the bags. This Corn will be shipped in the ear. It ripened early last fall and yielded better than sixty bushels per acre. Order early as the snpnlv is limited. CHARLES S. BEHYMER, Rockford, Ohio.

Myers, Weil & Co., Cleveland, Ohio

Schafer Saddlery Co.. Decatur. Ind.. is one of best known and oldest saddlery manufacturers soiling direct to consumers. (Factory to Consumer - One Profit Plan.) They have an enviable reputation for high-grade hand-made harness. They do just as they agree, and our readers can be assured of fair and courteous treatment. They prepay all freight charges and ship any place for your inspection, and if harness is not all they claim, return at their expense. Free catalog to those mentioning the Ohio Farmer.

I hardly know how to thank you. Mineral Heave Remedy saved my horse. Six doses nearly cured him. Many thanks and best wishes. - Thomas Neale. Ripley.Maryland.

Seed Potatoes

Seed l*otntoes - "Itrurc" variety "N»w." wore nearly blivht-proof than other varieties. Excellent quality; the coming late potato. f.'-'O per bushel. Address CLAYTON HULL, New Berlin, Mark Co., Ohio.

The Price Of Eggs

1 have before nit a copy of the Ohio Farmer of March 14 issue. It causes Mr. Chamberlain to say: "Just now Ave are getting about three dozen eggs a day from six dozen hens and selling them at about 30 cents per dozen, "strictly fresh," in Cleveland." Now, we are getting five dozen eggs a day and selling them at 16 cents per dozen, "strictly fresh," at Forest.

In the same issue Mr. Lynford J. Haynes says: "The average price of eggs for the last two years has been fully 25 cents per dozen, or a fraction over two cents apiece." We would like to know how these gentlemen manage to get such prices. We would be glad to furnish one or two cases of "strictly fresh" white eggs at such prices ourselves, each week. The average price for fresh eggs here the past two years was about 15c per dozen. Mr. Chamberlain sells three dozen eggs for 90 cents, while we sell five dozen for 80 cents. Farmers' Bulletin No. 236, U. S. Department of Agriculture says: "The demand is constantly increasing, and more production will be followed by increased consumption. There is no danger of the poultry and egg business being overdone." All the poultry journals and farm journals say the same. But it does seem strange, in the with eggs from many other farms they lose the identity that they would have if they passed between parties known to each other. When handled in large lots they suffer more or less loss from breakage and delay, they must be candled and graded and the final purchaser runs great risk, even then, of getting an occasional stale one. Persons producing high-class eggs should go to the trouble to find high-class customers who will pay the necessary price and sell direct to them. In such cases the eggs must be marketed clean and carefully graded, be guaranteed absolutely fresh, and their quality jealously guarded, as the reputation of the producer may be shattered by one bad egg. - Editors.

The Ohio Farmer Care Of Young Turkeys

A good place should be provided for the poults, before they are hatched; because if you wait until afterwards, the chances are that some of them will be trampled to death in the nest. Don't put turkeys in small coops, unless a house is out of the question. A turkeyhouse need not be expensive, nor is it always essential to have one built for this special purpose. Almost any outbuilding that has a good floor and good roof can be turned into a turkey house. It goes without saying that all such houses should be rat proof; if not, they should be made so.

face of all this, that just so soon as the hens begin to lay in the spring the price gets an awful shock, and does not recover from it, until the next winter when the hens are practically on a strike. Now I will guarantee that these are I he sentiments of a large majority of your readers.

If the cities want "strictly fresh" eggs, and are willing to pay these prices for them, why don't they put themselves on the market by advertising in the Ohio Farmer? Would it not be better for both the producer and consumer if they could be brought together and thus eliminate the middleman who can not supply strictly fresh eggs? For it is a fact that the middleman often gets eggs of a doubtful age. 1 think most farmers would not ship any other than "strictly fresh" eggs. But if any should have a case returned to them I am sure they would not repeat the offense. We expect to get from sixty to eighty dozen eggs per week during the rush. At an advance of even five cents per dozen would mean from $3 to $1 per week or from $13 to $17 per nipnth. Certainly worth looking after, do you not think so? Would like to see an answer to this. - W. F. Switzer. Hardin Co., O.

The question raised by Mr. Switzer is a very reasonable one and it involves a general business principle that is as old as business itself. The eggs mentioned by Mr. Chamberlain, and probably those mentioned by Mr. Haynes, were guaranteed fresh, delivered direct to a high-class grocery the day after they were laid. In these cases the buyers were personally acquainted with the producers and had their personal guaranty of the high quality of the product. Where e^gs are sold to jobbers and marketed Indiscriminately screens should be provided for all doors and windows. These may be made of either fly screen or fine-mesh poultry netting. The latter will wear much the longer.

While the poults are small, we keep them in during wet weather, and until t lie dew goes off the grass every morning. Here is where the house has the advantage over small coops. Then, too, a house is less difficult to keep clean. The floors are covered with either cut straw or litter from the barn floor and changed often. Some sort of disinfectant should be sprinkled over the floors each time before fresh litter is put in. Dry sulfur is about as good as anything we have ever used for this pit rpose.

Abort the first thing that a young turkey needs after leaving the nest, is sunshine. Some people will take turkeys out of the nest, place them in boxes behind the stove and later in dark coops with no possible chance for them to get exercise or sunlight. This is all wrong. If you want your turkeys to live and thrive, let them have plenty of exercise, sunshine and fresh air: the latter being as essential at night as during the day. Door and window protectors, made of white table oil cloth, are used whenever there is danger of the rain blowing in.

Do not attempt to feed poults until they are at least 36 hours old. The first food given is light bread, homemade, and not less than four days old. crumbled fine, with a little coarse sand added. As soon as they learn to eat well, other things are added to the bill of fare. Chopped onion tops and dandelion leaves are greatly relished and one or the other forms a part of every meal. A very little ground pepper is sometimes put ir. the food, but

"A young woman came to our city mission in a most awful condition physically. Our doctor examined her and told us that she had scabies (the itch), incipient paresis, rheumatism, etc., brought on from exposure. Her poor body was a mass of sores from scratching and she was not able to retain solid food. We worked hard over her for seven weeks, but we could see little improvement. One day I bought a cake of Cuticura Soap and a bottle of Cuticura Resolvent, and we bathed our patient well and gave her a full dose of the Resolvent. She slept better that night, and the next day I got a box of Cuticura Ointment. In five weeks this young woman was able to look for a position; and she is now strong and well. Laura Jane Bates, 85 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., Mar. 11, 1907."

Rouen, Wh.&Col'd Muscovey I n.Kunnei &Grny Call Ducks, Largest breeder in Ohio. Cup winners all big Chicago and Cleveland Shows. 500 for sale Prices reasonable. Start now - Money makers. Als. | 11. P. Kocks, Wyandottes. Leghorns, B. 1. Reds. Circular free. CHAS. R. McCLAVK, NEW LONDON, OHIO.

Help came at 1 ast. There is absolutely no need to fear gapes any longer. A never-failing cure has ; been fount!. Write for mv free booklet. J. S. KLOCK, Urban. Pennsylvania.

Knoll Poultry Farm eggs from M.B. Turkey*. Pekin Ducks, W. ami Buff P. R., S. and R. C. ; B. Leghorns ; S. O. B. Minoreas. Also S. C. Pups, Ferrets and B. Hares. Box 40. R. 3. Albany,. O.

American Poultry Farm

- McCLAVE'S Big Bronze Turkey's eggs. *4 for 15; 16 for 30. Big Pekin Ducks, $7 pi-r loo. livy. -laying W. Wyands., *7 per loo. Best in U.S. First prize ** inners at Chicago.Clevelano and Wheeling. Write CHAS. K. McCLAVE, New London, Ohio.

"fpHE BREED THAT LAYS IS THE BREED -A THAT PAYS." Pure-Bred Single Comb White Leghorns. Best layers. Eggs for Hatching and Stock for aale. Write ns before placing your order elsewhere. White Leghorn Poultry Yards Co., R. 2. Waterville. New York.

»-££-> »orl2 Hem Pekin Dnck eggs $1 for 15. Blk ,M,norcf, R I Reds.Rrd .Buff* Wht. P. Kocks, Wht Leghorns, "It A s L. Wyandottes A Buff Orpingtons. All eggs $1 for IT. W. It. ( A It LK. K 1. JACOBSBURG, OHIO.

Kose Comb R. I. Red Eggs - From vigorous, care- ' folly mated fowls The laving kind. HI p-r 15; *i per 100. F.. B. SMI'CKEB. Sinithvllle. Ohio.

TJARRF.D ROCKS Fubomrly- 1 Vis ' einenenr* breeding 1 and mating Strong farm-rrota-n slock Fresh, fertile eggs IS, $1 00; f} 00 per 100 MRS J, H. KOTSKL, Bryan. Ohio

"l\Thite Muscovy Dnck Eggs, $1 per setting; also *» White and Br. China Goose eggs e;id Light Brahma eggs. JOHN G. LIN VI l.LE, Cable, Ohio.

L'GGS from Black & White I.nng-hans, SI to $1.50 per 15. Buff Orp't'ns. Silver L.Wyend.fl to B1.7S. Poland-China pigs. C. W. WALN. East Monroe. O.

Kf.Fff.R Bros.. R. 1. Axi.Ine. Ohio

"I^GOS - Buff Rocks. S. C. B. Leghorns, Buff Tur- Ij keys, Toul. geese. Dnroc swine, nil eges. Stock guaranteed as represented. Geo. W.. Cnui. L*hrirhs*ille.Olilo.

l/or Sale - Pekin Ducks. White Guinea Coekerele. r B.C. Wh. Leghorn eggs. »1 per 15: »4 per loo. Dnck eggs.el peril. R. II. Davis. Cnionpnrt, O.

I'GGS- K. C. While and Brown Leghorn f I per ' 20; *2 per 45: W Wynn »1 per 15: Pekin ln.ek fl per 1.1. Locust Grove Poultry Co.. Mlddlepoii O.

aile this acts as a stimulant, we do it think it is as beneficial as either the "greens." And to force a whole pper-corn down the throat of a young rkey is barbarous, to say the least, lis is practiced by some turkey raiss who are deluded into believing that is a sort of cure-all. During the first 3ek, while the poults are kept in aall yards (10x24 feet) the greater irt of the time, we feed them lightly ur times a day. Later, when they ive free range we feed only twice a ty, morning and evening. We give our poults an occasional ed of boiled rice; but it is difficult to ok it just right. It should be dry, yet nder and not over-cooked. After ey are two weeks old we begin feedg: a little raw oatmeal along with acked wheat, millet seed and bread m posed of equal parts wheat chop he entire grain, crushed or ground), id fine steel-cut oatmeal, with a little It and baking powder added. Use reet milii to make a rather stiff batr. We always add a beaten egg, for ch quart of batter. Bake for about le hour. Wheat middlings may be ;ed instead of the ground wheat. Corn is too fattening and, in our dnion, is not good for young turkeys;

0 if they have free Tange, an occaanal feed of corn bread or cracked rn will do no harm and will help to rnish a variety, which is so essen- B; Do not over-feed, and see that the ikeys have plenty "of sand and other it. Smooth gravel is of no value for inding their food. Broken crockeryire, hard sandstone or l'me-stone, oken small, should be kept within ach at all times. Charcoal should be ovided, also, but it will not take the ace of grit. We sometimes mix a lit- ; powde/ed charcoal with the feed, hen the turkeys have reached the ze of quails we begin to cut off the ead ratior. and feed whole wheat and Kir corn but do not confine them to ese. Rolled or pin-head oats and acked wheat are fed alternately once ch day, mixed with chopped onions ' dandelion, until the turkeys are ilf grown. They relish these ;reens," no matter how much green rage they have access to. See that ey have pure water to drink. Cleanse id disinfect the vessels often.

Not a word has been said about lice, is most unpleasant subject being left r the last. In spite of all efforts to -event, young turkeys will get lousy, nd if neglected for a time, they hen to droop and die. Sometimes it is fficult to locate the vermin, but the mptoms are unmistakable. The use-infested poult nearly always has pale, with si ed look about the head, et and shanks. The wings hang )wn and sometimes there is blind- ;ss. Don't let them reach this stage, egin to look fur lice when the poults -e a few days old. But do not hane them more than is necessary. If iy lice are found, use some good use killer (never use liquid louseillers on young fowls) or a very lite fresh lard or olive oil, rubbed on le spots where the lice are found. Exnine the head, around the vent, un- ?r &nd around the thighs, around ie tail and among the large wing athers. The latter is a favorite hidf; place. Spread the wing and exame, carefully, on both sides, among e quills. Raise the short leathers on e outside and if there are any lice to ; found, you will find them here. But herever there are pin-feathers, you ay look for lice. And don't wait un-

Sick Turkeys And Ducks

I have failed with my ducks every tar. I have splendid luck with all /nds of poultry except ducks. They irdly ever live over the first week, ley seem to sicken and die in less an forty-eight hours. They first t stupid, droop around and run crazy spells and some die in twelve hours om first illness. I feed corn meal, i ead and milk, bread crumbs, etc., 1th warm sweet milk to drink. Is the jJuble in the feed, or where? What pied my turkeys last year, the earliest es all died with something a little ;e roup. They acted as if they were rt across the back. Could hardly Ik, just hobbled along. I separated ;eased fowls from flock, but all my rJv ones died. My late turkeys did t take it. They were more than half ~ ~ n when they took sick. - G. P., ! cswe'il. O.

The information given is limited and1 no conditions stated as to where both ducks and turkeys are kept. However, will state that I believe the breeding stock of ducks are undoubtedly inbred. I am inclined to believe that all this poultry runs over the same ground. If the ducks were moved to a new location, that is the breeding stock and the young ones, soon as hatched, taken away from the other poultry, on some other part of the farm and properly supplied with a variety of food I think no further trouble would be experienced. Feed the breeding stock no corn whatever. Supply them with mash food of chops, bran and white middlings mixed very thin. Give them free access at all times to plenty of charcoal. This is one of the necessities for breeding ducks. Feed the young ones on white middlings, corn meal and bread, all three ingredients mixed with milk. Give them access to fine charcoal and plenty of sharp sand. Keep them out of the water until three or four weeks) old and I think no further trouble will' be experienced.

Regarding the young turkeys will state that from the description given they w'ere no doubt affected with a cold which is a light form of roup and were also troubled with lice. This is almost sure death to young turkeys. As a rule the early-hatched ones are always the strongest and less loss is experienced. Young turkeys should never be kept with chickens and ducks. They should be kept on a different part of the farm with free range and by themselves. After they are affected young turkeys are hard to doctor, and in fact it is almost impossible to do so successfully. Prevention is surer than cure. Turkeys should also have a liberal supply of crust charcoal. Nearly all diseases of turkeys originate thru disorder of the liver. Charcoal acts on ' this organ more successfully than any other remedy we have ever known. I would advise changing the breeding stock and never inbreed your turkeys. Select strong vigorous specimens that are early hatched and well matured. - Chas. McClave. Huron Co., O.

Instant Louse Killer

Dust it over each mother hen and each individual chick and youwiif find no more dead chicks from lice. Instant I.ouse Killer, formutated by Dr. Hess (M. D., D. V. S.) also destroys lice on horses, cattle, ticks ou sheep, bugs ou melon, squash and cucumber vines, slugs ou rose bushes, and is besides a valuable disinfectant and deodorizer. It comes in shakertop cans aud may be used winter and summer alike. Look for the word "Instant" on the can, as there are many imitations. Sold on a written guarantee.

We Want Agents

In every county In the State ftelllng our Farm Uaii-H. rnucleln different sizes. No trouble In selling them, as they are without miestlon the hest Iron Gates manufactured fur the money. One of our agents sold 24 gates to one man.

Don'T Miss This International Fence Co

Bend at onee forotirGateC'atalog and bjieclal Proposition to Agents. Our liberal commission will Interest yon. INTERNATIONAL FENCE CO. ft^fe.*»V' Box 631 ' Columbu». nhi<>

Heaviest Fence Made Frost Heavy Weight

For strength and [ durability the FROST HEAVY WEIGHT KNOCKED DOWN and WOVEN WIRE FENCES are unequalled. Send for copy of our free cata- 1 logue. We Piiy Frti^bl. THE FROST WIRE FENCE CO.. Cum/mo, Ohio.

Ohio State University

During the months of January, February and March, a course in poultry husbandry was conducted for the benefit of the students in the short winter course of the College of Agriculture of the Ohio State University. This course was under the direction of the Department rjf Animal Husbandry, but the instruction was entirely given by practical poultrymen.

Eight lectures on the importance of the industry, location of the plant, buildings, incubators, feeding and management, and handling and marketing eggs were given by Mr. Homer W. Jackson, Cambridge, O. Mr. Geo. D. Black, Yellow Springs, O., well known to Ohio Farmer readers, lectured on the Asiatic breeds and on a farmer's poultry methods. Mr. Ernest Riggs, Columbus, well known as a farmers' institute lecturer, also gave one lecture on experience with farm poultry. Mr. Ira Keller, Prospect, Ohio, a noted Wyandotte breeder gave one lecture on the American breeds. Mr. J. L. Nix, Homer City, Pa., gave one lecture On incubators, a subject on which he is an authority. Mr. O. E. Miles, Columbus, O., one of our most successful breeders, gave two lectures on some cf his work in mating breeds. Mr. Get). R. Haswell, Circleville, O., president of the Ohio Poultry Association, lectured on Wyandottes and the care of his flock. The subject of turkeys and geese was handled in two lectures by Mr. Chas. McClave of New London, O., the wellknown breeder, exhibitor and judge, a frequent Ohio Farmer contributor. During the annual show of the Ohio branch of the American Poultry Association, Professor James Rice of Cornell University gave a very interesting address on the poultry business, at the University, before some 200 students. Mr. S. T. Campbell, Mansfield, O., the noted breeder of Minorca and Columbian Wyandotte fowls, and expert judge, not only gave some most instructive talks on the breads, and on breeding and feeding, care, and management, but also took charge of the work of Saturday morning judging and scoring practice. - C. S. Plumb, Professor of Animal Husbandry.

No one thing pays better In actu:il dollars and cents than wide tiro wheels for farm wagons. Increase carrying capacity of wagon, more than half with s:ii» horse power. Last a litetimo ' without repairs; henco savo - money as well as earn It. Wo ==?;== furnish wido tiro steel wheels any - ~f£t size to litany axla ; a set will make =i- J your old wagon as good as new. Write for free catalogue telling about wido tiro wagons and how they pay. H E in every county for a new wire fence of the Knocked-down, coiled wire, and heavy stay kind. If you want to handle the one that has the best lock ever designed we want you with us. When writing state what experience you have had and whai territory vou will want.

Block 45

Cheaper than wood, § » combining strength "J and art. For lawns, churches, cemeteries Send for FREE CATALOG. Addreea The Ward Fence Co. Box i03 Decatur. Ind rl

No Toy. A Practical Sell Kesulatinr DO-Egg tffiE BUCKEYE Guaranteed to hatch every hatchablo egrr. With a CO-chick Brooder, n Complete Outfit $9.00 Freight Paid East ot the Rockies ami 40 Days Free Trial,

Buckeye Incubator Co Book Free

48-in. stock fence per rod only Best high carbon coiled steel sprinp wire. Catalog offences, toolsaiui supplies FEES. Buy direct at wholesale. Write today. MASON FENCE CO. E.;M , Lee:borg,'C>

E S. Culbertson. Ikonton. Ohio

It will l«m your work and increase yonr income. It will pump water, grind feed, churn, run a separator, law wood, bale hay, ihell corn and adaptable for many other purpose. In stationary from 1 to SO R P Portables all sizes.

ing in their place. It makes a splendid roof, wears longer than shingles or tin, looks better, is easier and quicker laid: much cheaper and does not warp or rot. For a thoroughly reliable, durable, economical roof Vulcanite" solves the roofing prob lem. It is the standard Ready Prepared Roofing in this and foreign countries - for over 60 years it has been used on all kinds of buildings so successfully that its sale is increasing at a wonderful rate. Once laid the roof expense stops - it does not require annual painting. Before you build or repair get our free booklet, "The Right Roofing and the Reasons Why," tells why you should buy "Vulcanite" - the kind that's right. Write for it today.

Mrs. S. H. Ellis

Last week brief announcement was made t>n this page of the sudden death of Mrs. Ellis at her home in Waynesville, Warren Co., O., April 7. Further particulars indicate that death was due to the form of heart failure known as angina pectoris. With her daughter, Miss Dora, Mrs. Ellis had driven to Springboro that day to visit relatives, returning about 6 P. M., having enjoyed the day and the drive, and seeming in her usual good health. About 8 P. M. a slight pain in her left side and arm developed, and shortly after 9 o'clock, while preparing to retire, she became unconscious. Dr. Tressler Ellis, her son, and Mrs. Edward Janney, her daughter, both of whom live at Waynesville, were summoned. She revived before they came, however, and after the administration of a heart tonic and other relief, she became comfortable and danger seemed past. After awhile she fell asleep, and seemed to be sleeping naturally until 11:50, when suddenly but peacefully she slipped away.

Hosts of friends in her home community, all over the state and in many states sorrow because she has left us. Her connection with the Methodist Church, Grange and W. C. T. U. worjc thruout her long life made for her a wide circle of friends and associates, every one of whom can say, "None knew her but to love her." On every side we have been wont to hear nothing but good words and admiration for Sister Ellis. She was a real Christian, full of good works and good words, kindly charitable, helpful, never envious nor carping, always seeing the good and the promise in people, and ever ready to help the weak to conquer their weaknesses. Her composure and quiet demeanor covered wonderful resolution and force. Her pastor. Rev. Philip Trout, truly said, at the burial service: "She was quiet, yet her life had in it the force of the sunbeam, and was felt in every good cause."

Mrs. Ellis's maiden name was Rebecca Jane Tressler, and she was born April 20, 1833, on a farm 1% miles west of Springboro, Warren Co., in the neighborhood where most of her life as girl and matron has been spent. Aug. 21, 1851 she was married to Seth Hocket Ellis, whose name and work as founder of the Grange in Ohio, many years State Master, and as leading farmer, is now a cherished memory in every Ohio farm home. Bro. Bills bad come to Springboro from Clinton Co., O., in 1847. That winter he taught school three miles north of Springboro, and in the spring the young couple moved onto a little farm in that neighborhood, where they remained until 1865, when they purchased the farm adjoining Mrs. Ellis's father's 1% miles west of Springboro. This they developed into a fine estate of about 200 acres by immense yields of corn and wheat, which they turned into profitable hogs, dairy products and poultry. Mrs. Ellis managed the poultry, raising 500 to 800 chickens and turkeys each year. As Mr. Ellis's public service in the interests of agriculture and the Grange made more and more demands upon his time, -Mrs. Ellis proved herself wonderfully equal to the responsibilities that devolved upon her in his absence. When one considers what this couple accomplished with their farm, steadily making it more and more profitable, all the while giving much thought and time to promoting the Grange and other movements for improving the opportunities for farmers in general, besides successfully rearing and educating all of their seven children, one thinks with admiration, "What a wonderful record!" A cousin of Mrs. Ellis's, who lives here in Cleveland, said last night, "They were a remarkably healthy family, because they were brought up in a commonsense way, which developed health as well as self-reliance."

With all her various home duties, Mrs. Ellis found time frequently to accompany Mr. Ellis on his Grange trips, and her sound judgment and kindly heart were often a quiet but effective force in State and National Grange counsels. Probably few of the later generation of Grangers know that it was due to Mrs. Ellis's determined position that the women today have equal voting privileg.es with the men in State Granges. To be sure the order started with this provision, in that State Granges were "composed of masters of subordinate granges and their wives, if Matrons," but at the 1875 (second) session of the National Grange, at Louisville, Ky., a change was made to provide that in populous Grange states, the State Grange could be composed of "delegates elected from each county." Under this law no woman could vote in the State Granges unless elected. At that time women were not likely to be elected as delegates, and Bro. and Sister Ellis sought to have the section amended to read "delegates and their wives," but the National Grange would not consent, but, at the session in 1876, it did agree to permit the constitutional committee, of which Mr. Ellis was a member, to prepare a substitute section to go to the State Granges for ratification. This substitute provided that "delegates and their wives or husbands" could compose the State Granges. The discussion of this substitute at the National Grange session of 1876, at Cleveland, strange to reflect on now, was very prolonged and contending, and many were in favor of leaving it entirely to the masters of the State Granges to settle. Fearing that if that were done, it would not carry. Mrs. Ellis took a strong stand against deferring, and insisted that it be decided then and there, declaring that inasmuch as she had a vote in the National Grange, she should help to maintain the right of women to vote in our State Granges. This courageous positiveness weakened the opposition, and the National Grange finally adopted the section, which the State Granges of course did not presume to fail to ratify.

Thus does the Grange owe this vital saving section of the constitution to the brave and gentle firmness of our beloved Sister Ellis. To the same purpose, her influence has always favored a voice for women in the direction of public affairs, especially in matters of taxation and municipal conditions. As a long-time W. C. T. U. worker she believed in the quiet effectiveness of the women's vote.

In 1899 Mr. and Mrs. Ellis and Miss D.ora gave up the active management of the farm, and retired to a pleasant home at Waynesville, where one son, J. Tressler Ellis, is a practicing physician, and one daughter, Mrs. Edward Janney, was established. Another daughter, Mrs. John McClure. and her husband then took charge of the farm. The seven children are as follows: Eva (Mrs. Aaron Somersi, a farmer's wife at Terrell. Texas: Miss Dora. wellknown to Ohio Patrons, now chief lady officer (Flora) of the Ohio State Grange; Dr. J. T. of Waynesville: Idella (Mrs. Eugene Foster), wife of a teacher at Glendale. a Cincinnati suburb: Ruth (Mrs. Edward Janney), wife of a Waynesville druggist; Luella (Mrs. John McClure) farmer. Springboro. O. : Dr. Charles, veterinarian, St. Louis, Mo. There are 16 grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.

Hro. S. H. Ellis died suddenly. June 23. 1904. as the result of a fall from a cherry tree. Now they are both gone, these master farmers and noble lives. Their labors have blessed every farm home in Ohio, because of the far-reaching influence of their example and their actual achievements in movements for the improvement of Ohio agricultural conditions. We have not secured the initiative and referendum in Ohio yet, but it is almost here, and when it comes, it will be fitting monument to Bro. Ellis, who pioneered almost alone for years in his campaign of education toward this form of legislation. Bro. Ellis was among the earliest promoters of the rimers' institute movement, and Sister Ellis was an early supporter of the institutes in their home locality. Both were active church workers, Methodists, but of Quaker descent, whose Christianity was living, practical, beneficent by means of both words and works. After Bro. Ellis's death, Sister Ellis was made honorary member of the Ohio State Grange, the only Patron ever so honored. The local grange, led by D. E. Dunham of the State Grange Executive Committee, conducted the burial service.

When sickness attacks a bunch of shoats. you think of "Cholera." but only about ten percent that die from disease are stricken with "Cholera." The principal losses in shoats are due to intestinal worms. The common round worm is often found in large numbers, from 2 to 16 inches in length. These worms hatch out in small intestines and soon get up into the throat, causing the shoat to cough and vomit. They also get into the liver. If they do, no treatment will save the shoat. Another worm works havoc with shoats - the thorn-headed worm. They bury their heads deep into the intestines and live on blood and tissue - this means a dead shoat. Pigs frequently get loaded with worms by 6 to 8 weeks old. while still following the sow. They do not grow, become stunted, not thru any fault of the sow or her milk, but for the reason that worms are consuming the nutriment that should go to grow the pig. Soon the appetite begins to fail, secretions begin to dry up. and animal gets too sick to eat, lies down and dies. Most fortunate for hog raisers, there is a sure prevention that acts quickly - Iowa Worm Powder. Give your shoats a feed of Iowa Worm Powder when six or seven weeks old. and follow with a feed every four weeks. Shoats will be kept practically free from worms. There may be a slight accumulation of worms between feeds. but they can not get headway enough to do any damage. A good condimental tonic, used with the rations for domestic animals, will keep blood from becoming stagnant, increase secretions and so cause better digestion and more rapid growth. You can have a $1 package of Iowa Worm Powder to try. free, if you send 50c to pay postage and packing to Iowa Stock Food Co., Department L, Jefferson. Iowa

It's a long recognized fact that hand cream separators are the best and quickest method to secure all the cream from milk of three or more cows. The first question in the purchase of any article is. "which is going to bring me the most returns?" In dairy business "most returns" means the greatest possible amount of butter fat from a given quantity of milk, and this is what every owner of cows is looking for. All makes of separators claim to be the best, but it was proven at Pan-American Exposition, the last public, international test, which was really the best separator by actual tests. In competition with all other make* <>f separators exhibited, the I*. S. Cream Separator made the record-bre:iking shewing of skimming the milk from about a dozen different breeds of cows in fi"" consecutive tests with an average of .013S butter fat left in the skim-milk. 'ihemaKers claim that this remarkable record has never been approached by any other make of cream separator Notwithstanding the splendid work of earlier models of Cnited States Separator, the Improvements made In 1908 I'. S make thi* separator even more attractive than ever to dairy farmers, who quickly recognize the sterling merits of this marvelous cream producer. A beautiful oatalog.No. 139. can be obtained by addressing Vermont Farm Machine Co.. Bellows Falls. Vt.

manufacturersof Roofing Materials and can give you tlie most for your money. We have many valuable suggestions for the man who thinks of building or repairing.

Asbestos Roofing

asbestos- an i destructible mineral. That is why it does not require coating or painting to preserve it. No assessments for repair1, every year or two.

is the most durable siding material known Keeps out the beat in summer and the cold in winter. Gives an attractive appearance without the expense ot painting.

Farming

Will watered, plenty of timber for fuel and buildings. Splendid market- at Dnlnth and Superior - high prices, constant demand, and ready sale for all farm products. Trice. i~, t>> $10 an acre, easy terms. Write and secun- full particulars and descriptive matter.

Boston & Duluth Farm Land Company

Nothing ever Invented servos so admirably the triple purposes of utility, exercise and pleasure as does the bicycle. The best (Trade Of wheels now sell for less than one-third the prices of ten years ago. and the rider gets a better mount than was possible then. The Coaster Brake and Two Speed Gear features alone mark :t big step forward In bicycle construction since the boom days. There is a growing demand for bicycles, not only from the small boy hut from bis older brother and his father also. The lady cyclist is also venturing timidly forth from the mysterious retreat wherein she has hibernated for a decade. "leaving The Bunch Behind" Is the attractive picture adorning the pold-embossed 19»8 catalog cover of the "oldest exclusive bicycle house In America." It is brimful of valuable and Interesting matter for riders, or those thinking of buying wheels. It is well worth getting and may be had by writing Mead Cycle Co.. Dent. KX-77. Chicago. They also Bond I wheel for 10 days' fr«*c trial, and will engage live agents.

Farms, Close To Houston, Tex To Suit Everybody

I "SATSl'MA HARDENS." near Pasadena. la « j from Houston (macadamised road all the way! I the place to fcrrurp a choice ten -acre- farm ; aioe* >

Farms For Sale I.

Two farms In Berlin and Milan Twp* . Erie Co.. O.. on Nlckle Plate \ mile from station, near Interurban Lines: r" better soil in Ohio: heavllv stocked fa* .5 years. Have seventy head of register' I Aberdeen Angus cattie to sell. lncludi->« twenty young bulls, sired by Gay Blackbird and his sons. Address L. A. Hlne. 60 Wabash Ave., Chicago. ll«0 acres on.ler cultivation, balance In flae timber and pa-tore. Value of buildings a boat -l«.<«"'. No belter land anywhere and best farm ta t he stale Will II w ith 4S horses and complete eaa lament of machinery Vn«t he sold to settle at) estate. A.t ire.. A. CAKI.ROX. care of Bja» Farm. Hallork, Minnesota.