Farmer Township (part 4 of 25)

Dr. W. C. Fair'S Dr. Fair Veterinary Remedy Company

YOU don't have to pay me or any one else a single cent on the price of my spreader before you try it or after you try it, if it doesn't prove itself to be the best made. I am not beginning- in the spreader business. I have built spreaders for years. So I know what beginners don't know. I know how to and do build the Galloway Spreader so it can't break And wear out where experimental spreaders are sure to break and wear out. I challenge any other manure spreader seller or manufacturer to put his spreader alongside of the Galloway in the hardest kind of a test I don t care what other spreader you try - it won't cost you a cent to try the Galloway at the same time. So it's certainly to your advantage to try the Galloway at no cost to you even if you do put up your money to try any other spreader. If the Galloway doesn't beat any other that you try all you have to do is return it at my expense and you're cot out a penny and you haven t risked a penny.

Our Wonderful 8903 Offer

Wrecking prices are known as bargain prices. The most wonderful bargain offering ever advertised. Such an opportunity seldom occurs. The very best manufactured articles are being offered at less than original cost ol production. We do not buy our goods In the regular way, but take advantage of various sales to secure bargains. Our mammoth plant Is the largest in the world devoted to the sale of general stocks. Over 86 acres literally covered with merchandise.

Brand new galvanized. 2 in. per ft. 3 1 -2c 3 In. per ft. 4o. Other sizes in proportion. Eave Trough, per ft. 3c and up. Elbows, Eavo Trough Corneri, Hangers, Hooks and evt ry thing in Down -spouting, Eave Troughs and Fittings. Brand new galvuuizod Ridge Roll, per ft. 4c and op. Roofer's Snips, 28c each. Roofing tools of all sorts.

Lever motion; with extra heay pipe legs; stand9 30 innich: 8 in, fan. Larger forge*, like illustration from $8.35 to $14.50. We guarantee our forges equal or superiorto anything on the market. Write for our furl list. Blacksmiths' sledges, unhandled, per lb., 5e. Hot and Cold Chisels, 9c per lb.

Barn Taint, in bbl. lots, per gal., 30c; Cold Water Paints, celebrated Asbestine brand, outside nse.lully guaranteed, liest assortment colors, 50 lb. lots. per lb., 3c. " Perfection^' Mixed Paints, per naj.. 78e. 'Premier' Brand, 3-year guarantee, per gal. 96e. Varnishes.

Manila Rope Bargah4S

Good Manila Rope, slightly used, all sizes, °a in., per 100 (t., $3.25. New Manila Bope slightly chop worn, per lb., 10c Wrapping Twine, per lb., w 5c. Galvanized Guy Wire , * 100ft. ,$1.60. Wire Bope anO Cable at way down prices. Tackle Blocks, etc.

Most economical and durable ==A roof covering known. Easy to put on; requires no tools butahatch- etora hammer. With ordinary B care will last many years. Thorg m andsolsatistled customers every ft where have proven its virtues Suitablofor covering buildings IB of any kind. Alsoused for ceiling ^andBiding. Fire-proof and waterproof. Cheaper and more lasting lutely perfect, brand now. straight from the factory. - 1.60 is our prieo for our No. 15 grade of Flat Semi-Hardened Bteel roofing and siding, each sheet ii In, wide and 21 In. long. Our price on tho corrugated, liko illustration, sheets 82 la. wide and 24 in. long, S1.76. At25 cents per squaro additional we will furnish sheets 6 and 8 feoWong. Our price on Standing Seam or "V ' Crimped Roofing is the sare as on tho corrugated. We have other grades of Steel and Iron Roofing. Don't Delay. Write TODAY for Full Particulars. U//>Oiw 4fa*. C*mm£mM to all points East of Colorado except Okla We fay in® rreignt Tihs himI Indian Territory. Quota tions to other points on application. This freight prepaid proposition only refers to the steel roofing offered in this advertisement. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. We will send this routing to anyone answering tins advertisement C. O. D., with privilege of examination if you will Bond 25 per cent of the amount.you order in cash; balanco to be paid after material reaches yuursCaHan. not found as represent' d, refuse tho shipment and wo will cheerfully

>rieutpfresh brick Bitting. Easily" put on. Made of semi-hardened steel. Looks liko brick. No special tools required, Prevents decay. Decrcnses liability. Improves appearance of premises. Adaptablo for buildings of all kinds. We sell immense quantities. Gives thorough satisfaction. Comes in sheets 21 ins. x 5b ins. Has all

J Special Prepaid Freight Ottor. W< Jwill pay freight on all orders formctal roof ^lng, bonded ceiling and brick siding to points IK east of Colorado - except in Oklahoma, Texas .«,:;- I Indian Territory. I'ricos to theso points, H freight paid, furnished on application. This " includes nothing else.

Combination Tools, S2.90

Galvanized after completion. ] liraced in a most thoroufth , manner. Easy to put together j and eroct. Mot the cheap kind. Each complete with platform, anchor posts and anchor pinto, worth $21; our price, $12.00. All kinds of . steel storagro tanks from 30 J gallon up to 10,000 gallon.

Re Built Traction Outfits

We recently bought at Manufacturers' Sale over 50,000,000 Feet of all kinds of Lumber and Finishing Material. We are making special concessions to those who will buy at once. Even if you have no use for this lumber at once, it will pay you to buy now. We cheerfully invite inspection of our Lumber Stock and will be glad to have you come direct to »ur warehouse and yards at Chicago, see the lumber we are offering, and you will recognize that it is all we say of it; make your own selection and see it loaded. It is not necessary however to come to Chicago; we sell you by mail very easily and will have no trouble to convince you of the desirability of placing an order with us. Just i ou send us your lumber bill, and we will easily "Show You." On application we will send copies of letters from customers who have bought from us. They saved money, why can't you? Writetoday.

This includes tho World's Fairs of Chicago and St. Louis, tho expositions of Buffalo and Omaha, built at a cost of $90,000,000.00. We are tho foremost dismantlers and purchasers of large institutions in the world. By this means alone millions of dollars' worth of the world's best products have passed into our possession and have been rebuilt and sold at 50 per cent below their original value

Thousands of satisfied customers everywhere have learned to recognize the virtue of our business. We stand between you and hi.gh prices. The greater part of our stock consists of absolutely brand new first-class merchandise that wo have secured in connection with our purchase of stocks at SHERIFFS and RECEIVERS' SALES. Ourenormous warehouses are overflowing with merchandise secured from such Bources. Our wonderful growth and expansion is the best evidence of our ability to serve you. Merchandise of the highest quality is sold at sacrifice prices. Each day some now addition to our stock compels us to dispose of what we have on hand. The time to buy is when theso bargains, shown you in this advertisement, are calling on you for action. Send us your order today and bo convinced.

customer means more to us than a largo sale. Every article you purchase from us is guaranteed absolutely as represented. If you find it to the contrary, wo hold ourselves in readiness to make good our representations. If tho goods received are not as represented, wo will take them back and refund your purchase price at once. There will be no argument about tho return of your money. All you need to say is that "goods are not satisfactory." That's enough for us. Money will be promptly refunded to you. Send us your order today.

We cheerfully Invite investigation as to our reresponsibility. Our capital stock and surplus is over $1,000,000.00. Wo refer you to any commercial Institution in Chicago or anywhere elso. Look us up In Dun's or Uradstreet's; ask any Express Company: write to the editor of this or any other paper; If you want more positive proof, write to our depository, tho Drovers' Deposit National Bank; Chicago.

The Chicago House Wrecking Company offers the most" wonderful opportunity ever heard of to furnish you lumber and building supplies of every kind at prices that will save you big money. Such an opportunity as this seldom occurs. We have lumber for your house, church, barn, meeting house, cribs, stores, factories and in fact buildings of every kind. We can furnish absolutely everything required in construction material. Have your carpenter or builder make up a complete list of everything that you may require, including Lumber, Sash, Doors, Nails, Roofing, Siding, Ceiling and every single article. Send it to us at once, tell us where you have seen this advertisement, and we will make a proposition that will be a saving of from 30 to 60 per cent. This is not an idle statement. Thousands of satisfied customers have bought lumber from us in the past. We guarantee absolute satisfaction. We require your good will. Read our guarantee below.

Lumber From Expositions. We have had vast lumber experience. After the World's Fair at Chicago we sold 80,000,000 feet; at the Omaha Exposition, 51,000,000 feet; at the Pan- American Exposition, 33,000,000 feet, and at the St. Louis Exposition over 100,000,000 feet. You will miss one of the greatest chances you ever saw if you overlook buying your lumber now. Prices on lumber are ever advancing. Do not wait for them to go down. They never will. If you have no need for a carload yourself, get your neighbors to club with you. By buying a carload you can save all kinds of money on freight charges. We have railroad tracks running through our main warehouses and buildings and can load a car to good advantage to you. You can include other items in this same car, such as Pipe, Plumbing Mater ial and Merchandise of every kind. Roofing, Wire, Fencing, Furniture and Hardware.

We are constantly purchasing at Sheriffs' and Receivers' Sales complete stocks ol high grade, brand new, up-to-date Fernlture, Carpets, Hugs and Linoleum. We can save you from 30 to GO per cent. Good Linoleum at 30c per sq. yd. Hugs from 91.50 up. Bedroom Furniture, Office Fixtures. Store Fixtures, etc. We can furnish everything needed for the home or the office.

Wind Mill Lift Pumps

The best farm Engine manufacture d is offered you at a price within the reach of all. It is built for serrlce and satisfaction. It is not a toy engine, but made along lines that will be appreciated as time goes by It is rated conservatively by the manufacturers at 5 II. P. but it will easily develop 6 II. P. It has the most perfect construction possible. The cooling tank is placed on top of cylinder, lees water being thus required in cold weather. No danger of freezing^ in winter time. The gasoline supply tank is cast in the base. Ko necessity for any piping. Xo danger of leakage. All castings are made of a special mixture of iron, giving great strength and no danger of breakage. The connecting rod and crank shaft are steel dropped forglngs, made of fin. - 1 of mild steel. Both the crank and wrist pin brasses are adjustable. Here you have an Engine, built on tho most improved up-todate design, along lines giving great strength, dnrbility and simplicity of operation. Ko need to be a mechanic in order to understand working this Engine. Our complete instructions cover every pofsible contrivance. This Engine will pay for itself in a year's time. It can be used for any general farm purposes, as well as for regular machine shop uses. Be alive to modern ideas. A few cents per hour will cover all cost of operation. When the Engine is idle, no expense. Can be started an 1 stopped instantly. Absolutely tho Easiest Started Engine Manufactured We furnish the outfit complete with ma;:neto dynamo and set of four dry batteries. We furnish a set of batteries for starting Engine. When Engine is started, ubo the magneto. Bhipped complete with all necessary oil cupe, 1 ti b r i c a t o r and muffler, all ready to run. Send in yonr o rd e r t <

You can live in city home be on a farm. By our Improved and simple pneumatic water supply systems you can have running water in your home and on yoor farms, thereby enjoying all the comforts of modern plumbing conveniences. At $48 we furnish you one of our special outfits consisting of a 150 gal, Chicago air and water tank, a special air and water pump and all necessary valves, gauges and so forth to complete the outfit. At $125 we will furnish you one of our Complete House Plumbing Outfits with air pressure water system, a bath tub. closet, lavatory, kitchen sink and range boiler for hot water and lnelud* ins all necessary pipes and fittings, similar to illustration shown in this advertisement.

Wc aro in position to save you 30* or more. Our comprehensive book of Instructions, sent free on application. Our material is first class. It Is easy to install any of our systems. VYa furnish comprehensive drawings, so that any man handy with tools can properly install and operate. In replying tell os as much as you ran regarding construction of your bo tiding and any facts that will help us to give you an intr:ii-

Free Catalog Coupon Chicago House Wrecking Co

10.000 doors and windows, which we will ctose out nt a saving of 404. At cents we can furnish i an ordinary door, >d enough for general rposct.

Our New 50O-Pace Catalog No

THIS WONDFRFt'I. BARGAIN BOOK is just out and ready to be sent to voti at once.'It is a hoot such as every shrewd buyer must have. 5<» page* with thousands of items of the very best merchandise and supplies bought by a* at Sheriffs' and Receivers' Sales. It will pay you to keep it handy. Its pages contain a full record of what we mtiU have on hand from the wonderful St. Louis World's Fair. Mrrchandi>c. machinery and supplies, articles for everyone. You w ill find it utrlul in the home, in the fi< Id. in the workshop or in the office. Write us today.

Cot out this ' "Ad" mark a croii on thote itemt that most interest you and we will send von'much valuable Information Alto All in Free Catalog coupon attached and our new catalog will be tent you absolutely free and prepaid, if you do not want to cut out the "Ad" send us your name and address correctlv. tell ut where yew have teen this "Ad" also tell us just what items in our "Ad" interest you most. Address

Cleveland, Ohio, Saturday, January 18, 1908

A PARTY of people of a certain locality once visited a great exposition, each member of the party agreeing that upon their return they would state what appealed to them as the most beautiful scene on the grounds.There were immense buildings upon these grounds, beautiful flower gardens, driveways, and electrical displays, but strange to say, when the reports were rendered, the consensus of opinions favored a beautiful green bluegrass campus. One can hardly imagine a more beautiful sight than a field of green bluegrass in which are found grazing herds of high-class live stock. To a man buying a farm, who is not a judge of land, there is no better guide than the natural growth of bluegrass, because where this grass grows luxuriantly all other crops will grow. Land dealers or real estate men are learning that when a farm is covered with this grass buyers are easily found and sales readily made.

Bluegrass is one of the best . crops with which to maintain the fertility of land, the main reason fcr which is that it can not well be sold except in the form of beef, pork o mutton, which is not the case with grain and hay. When hill and rolling lands are cultivated the washing away of the surface soil is usually tne heaviest drain upon the fertility, and nothing worse can happen to such soils. Bluegrass sods prevent this washing and after very heavy rains the water can be seen running from hillsides perfectly clear. When allowed to grow as it should, this grass will mulch the soil, keeping it dark, cool and moist, all of which are beneficial to the soil-enriching bacteria. By keeping the soil filled with living roots and rootlets bluegrass allows no plant food to be lost.

Farmers everywhere are complaining of the scarcity of satisfactory farm labor, and well may they complain; but by devoting a part of the farm to permanent pasture, and grazing live stock, more can be accomplished in the way of labor-saving than in any other manner. Permanent pastures do away with the need of so much highpriced labor, farm teams, plowing, harvesting, threshing, machinery, etc. The grazing season can be lengthened and the feeding period shortened.

The stock feeder may succeed without permanent pasture but the stock breeder can not,' for right at the foundation of successul stock breeding is good permanent pasture. Choice blueany other kind of feeding, and daily gains of 2, 3 and even more pounds have been secured on steers during the grazing season. Where winter feeding of cattle is practiced, two grass produces a high quality of bone and a highly flavored flesh. Carefully conducted experiments show that cheaper gains by far can be obtained from permanent pastures than from pounds per day gain is considered good, as a rule, and at the present price of feed will cost from 8 to 10 cents per pound and ordinarily a higher finish and a better price will be secured from the pasture, than from the winter-fed stock. Producing pork or baby beef profitably without pasture of soma kind is next to impossible. As a satisfactory feed for all live stock blu^ grass has few equals, being highly nutritious, well-balanced, palatable, succulent, easily digested and assimilated, all of which are necessary in the successful feeling of live stock.

Soils sufficiently fertile to produce good general crops are suitable for permanent pasture. Brome grass and orchard grass are adapted to soils generally, while Kentucky bluegrass is more particular as to the kind of soil.rijquiring considerable lime and phosphorus if pasture of tne best quality is to be produce-!. To secure a good heavy bluegrass sod on lan Is that have been plow.:-! frequently requires considerable time and one reason why there are not more of them is that farmers are too impatient and not willing to give the crop sufficient time to become established. On good soils, where this grass grtiws well naturally, all that is necessary to secure a good sod is to seed to grass, timothy and clover with wheat, mow a few seasons and bluegrass soon covers the ground, crowding o.:t all other grasses and almost all weeds.

Where new ground is wanted for permanent pasture, after burning off the trash a seed bed should be prepaicl without plowing if possible, and about the la: t of August sow a peck of timothy and a bushel of Kentucky bluegrass per acre. The following spring add three quarts each of alsike and medium Ted clover per acre. Red top is also usually recommended to be used but there is some danger of its forming a sod too dense for the rapid establishment of the bluegrass. The reason for using other grasses in connection with the seeding of bluegrass is because they are of quicker growth and give return; from the land while the bluegrass, which comes more slowly, is becom-. ing established. About eight years will be required on ordinary limestone clay soils for this grass to become well established. Transplanting sma'.l blocks of bluegrass sod to lands where a permanent pasture is wanted ha=i proved beneficial and a large load of such sod applied to each acre af:er seeding will always pay for the time required, because bluegrass spreads from an under-ground stem and blocks of sod a foot or less square applied every few feet will greatly hasten the establishment of a good sod. It should be kept in mind that this grass is not a poor-land crop and all such lands must be improved before good sods can be secured.

The one thing that has caused more failures than anything else in establishing this grass is the difficulty in securing good seed. When the seed is first "stripped'.' it is sometimes placed on barn floors to such a depth that it heats and its germination is thereby injured; and again, the seed in states of lax laws is badly adulterated, Canada bluegrass seed being the chief adulterant. This seed costs only about half as much as the Kentucky seed and the difference in appearance is slight. The color of the Canada seed is somewhat lighter than the Kentucky seed and the fact that there is from G00.000 to 700,000 pounds imported into the United States each year which is used chiefly for mixing with Kentucky bluegrass seed accounts for many of the reported failures to get satisfactory results from sowing socalled Kentucky bluegrass seed.

The accompanying table from the National Department of Agriculture shows to what an extent Kentucky hluegrass seed sold on the open market is sometimes adulterated. There is an increasing demand for genuine seed and those having it for sale should advertise.

Analyses Of Samples Of Seed Sold As Kentucky Bluegrass

The plow has been an.- is at the present time the worst enemy of bluegrass. On account of constant plowing and continuous cropping in many sections bluegrass fields are practically a thing of the past. Close pasturing is another hindrance and should be guarded against where permanent sods are wanted. Farmers and stockmen are beginning to realize that it pays to take care of the pasture and in addition to less plowing and more caretful grazing find that the sods are greatly benefited by a light application of stable manure, by the application of phosphorus in some form, by applying lime, and by feeding grain to the animals while on the grass. Cows giving milk and young animals in the .formation of bone and nerve tissues gradually absorb the phosphorus from the soil and for this reason highly beneficial results have been obtained by applying acid phosphate to bluegrass growing upon clay soils. Stockmen of the old country take great pains to fertilize and care for their permanent pastures and have made it pay. The American farmer should do likewise.

Because Kentucky bluegrass is so generally used as a permanent pasture one is likely not to give due consideration to other varieties used for the same purpose. In circular No. 18, United States Department of Agriculture, attention is called to the universal satisfaction secured from smooth bromegrass (Brcnnus inermis) as a permanent pasture and any one wanting to establish a permanent pasture should give this grass careful consideration.

Joe Wing says: "I consider broinegrass better in every way than any other pasture grass I have ever seen tried in this (his) part of Ohio. It makes more feed than bluegrass, animals relish it far better, and it is earlier in the spring."

Orchard grass Is frequently used as permanent pasture and I am told that near Shelbyville, Kentucky, right in the finest bluegrass section, dairymen are plowing up the Kentucky bluegrass and sowing orchard grass for cow pasture. Orchard grass comes early in the spring and comes near to being a year-round pasture when properly managed. On sandy soils it thrives far better than bluegrass.

Where milk-production is desired, Kentucky bluegrass sometimes becomes too dry for best results, succulence being highly important for a satisfactory flow of milk, and the fact that orchard grass is more succulent in dry weather, may account for the substitution. Dairymen who have tried both kinds of grass as pasture^ for dairy. cows, should report results.

The kind of land to be devoted to permanent pastures will depend upon location, markets, etc. The market gardener or truck grower near a good market, would not think of devoting an acre of land to permanent pasture. People and horses in our great cities must be fed, and the general farmer away from market is the one to devote more land to permanent pasture, and the question is often asked how highpriced land can we afford to devote to this purpose. That will depend largely upon the kind of live stock to be produced. In Prance I am told there is land worth $800 per acre in permanent pasture and making good profits; but it should be remembered that only live stock of the highest class can be kept on such land as this. The kind of live stock to be kept will have much to do with the question how highpriced lands can profitably be devoted to permanent pastures in this country. In speaking of pasture lands, Prof. Curtis of Iowa, says:

"I do not think there is any farm land in America too good or too highpriced to produce good grass. On the contrary, I believe that as our lands increase in value and labor and feed-stuffs advance in price, we shall be compelled, as a matter of farm economy, to keep a larger portion of our best farms in grass instead of a smaller portion. In foreign countries it is not uncommon to find land worth from $300 to $500 an acre producing grass and some of the best land is maintained in permanent pasture and has not been turned by a plow for centuries."

As to the returns in pounds of beef, mutton or pork from an acre of pasture nothing very definite has so far been obtained. I have seen fields where one export steer was being pastured to the acre and gained 400 pounds during the grazing season. This at 5 cents per pound would amount to $20, a wonderful profit. I have heard of pastures that have produced 500 pounds of beef to the acre in one season, or 500 to 600 pounds of mutton. Of course these are exceptional cases but they show what can be done. I hope our experiment stations will show us just what an acre of permanent pasture will do and what variety of grass is best. It is greatly to be hoped that farmers and stockmen generally will give more attention to this matter of permanent pastures in the future and see whether or not more of our fields should not be devoted to this purpose.

Troublesome Johnson Grass

This section has never had a pest that has proved more troublesome or annoying than Johnson grass, and I might safely add that we have never had or never expect to have a pest that will prove more pilfering or as near worthless. Yet, in spite of this, some men seem to sit back with an easy conscience and write flattering articles praising Johnson grass, thus alluring and misleading brother farmers until they give the grass a trial.

A farmer in our section never hoard of Johnson grass until he read a flattering and no doubt a greatly misrepresented article that had no end of praise for the grass. With this article as his guide post this farmer gave Johnson gra.<s a trial, giving several acres of his best land for the trial test. This was done against the advice of some of his neighbors who had seen some disastrous experiments witb it. Our neighbor seemed elated with his now crop the first year. He secured the finest looking lot of hay that I ever saw, and an enormous amount of it from the amount of land. When he br>- gan to feed it his trouble began. His stock soon refused to eat it and it was too coarse for good bedding.

Finding that it was not fit for hay our friend decided that be would let Johnson grass go and sow his surplus land to cow peas and clover. But when he broke the land the next spring Johnson grass came so thick tha< he almost lost his crop. He finally abandoned this field for cultivation and attempted to destroy the grass by pasturing. This method seemed successful as the grass soon quit coming above the surface. So again the land was broken and planted to corn. But to his surprise the seemingly dead Johnson grass came again to life and took possession of his field.

Again the land was given to pasturage but proved very poor, as the grass soon ceased to grow above the surface when pastured. Not only has this field been rendered worthless by t is pilfering pest, but other farmers whose land lay adjoining have suffered consider- 1 able loss also. The wind, birds and rain have carried the seed to these ad- ! joining farms until they are badly infested and it is only a matter of time until they will be made worthless, j Where one neighbor scattered the barnyard manure he got a complete stand of Johnson grass. Some of this manure which had laid about the stables for several years *fras given to a farmer who thought there could be no possible danger of getting the grass by using the manure. But to his sur- i prise he also got Johnson grass and j plenty of it.

I recently passed thru a farm that ! lies four or five miles from the farm where the grass was started. Here I also found the grass badly scattered. ! It got to this farm by the overflooding j of a ditch that received water from the farm first infested. It is scattered more or less over all this section and has caused no little loss in money and a large amount of hard work and no doubt a liberal amount of cussing, all brought about by some Mr. Know-all's article giving the pest a large amount of undue praise. Take my advice and let Johnson grass alone. It is unlawful for any man to bring the seed into this county and I trust the time will come that the man who ships it into any county will be subject to a heavy fine. - W. C. Crook, Henderson Co., Tenn.

Is Sprouted Clover Seed Ever

I am always interested in the articles written for the Ohio Farmer by Prof. W. F. Massey. In the issue of Dec. 28 there appears this statement in an article headed, "Farming for Clover:" "In all my farming experience I never failed with a crop of clover but once, and that was killed by frost as it germinated." I want to ask Prof. Massey - thru the columns of the Ohio Farmer - at what particular stage of germination the life of the plant is endangered by freezing. I have been told by practical farmers of wide experience, that if hard freezing weather follows close on the sprouting, before the root has time to strike into the ground, the vitality of the seed will surely be destroyed.

I have followed sowing clover seed early for forty years and have never yet lost a crop from freezing. It may be that the freezing that has often followed the sprouting and growth has missed the vital stage. Last spring I sowed March IS. It came up directly and had the first two leaves well developed when the hardest kind of freezing weather followed, lasting all thru April. The mercury stood at 16 degs. above on the morning of April 1. One of my neighbors reported my seed killed. A good many were frightened and resowed. They had no better seeding than those who lot it alone. Everybody secured a fine stand, whether sowed early or late. I seldom have had as good a catch and never better. I want to suggest as the topic of a timely article from Prof. Massey. "The Best Time to Sow Clover Seed. - E. P. Snyder, Huron Co., O.

Request for Snort. - The School of Agrl- CUlture of the P"nn«vl\ ania State College wishes to s.'rure Med of all the principal Varieties of corn, oats and wheat frrown In the state of Pennsylvania and the adjacent Counties of New York and Ohio with a view to their Improvement. It is requested that any farmer having a Rood pure seed to so;ire of any of these crops 'will send a postal card to John W. Oilmore. Department of Ac-onomv. State College. Pa., stating the kinds of crops, the varieties and the price ef ten pounds Of seed.

keep the frame square Hickory Double trees - not rock elm Malleable FHh Wheel - not cast iron Double Oak Bolsters Wide Front A xle so wheels will track Front Axle set under the front end of the body so the load is equally balanced on front and rear axles Oear Wheels and Sprockets keyed on - not pinned on or fastened with set-screw only Heavy Wheels with his spokes - not light wheels with IK or2-in. spokes An Endless Apron - not a half apron A Hood and bnd Gate to keep the manure away from the beater while loading that he says " is just as good." The Great Western will cost you just; a little more than any other, but for ever' dollar extra that it costs, you will pet $3.00'more in value. The difference in cost will be more than made up in repairs alone in a short time. Besides this, you will always have a machine that will be ready to do business. It won't be laid up for repairs just at the time that you want to use it and where to spread manure ; how to mttke from §4.00 to SS.00 more per acre from your farm than ever before. Write just theseword3 on a postal card or In a letter. "Send me your book. Practical Experience with Barnyard Manures, and catalog No. 258." They will be mailed to you Free. Do it now before you haul your manure or prepare for another crop

Smith Manufacturing Co

Ir»w wheels, wide tires; easy work. 1 is ht draft. 'We'll f>eil you a (xt of the be»t st. < 1 *i>< - ll made for your old wajron. Spoke united* tu t ' - cruarante+d not to break nor work loo**-. Scud for our catalojrue and tar* money. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. Box 94, Qulney. Ml.

Rat** your tree*. Tine* and plant* from the raTa^re* of arale. fnnjrl and worm* by spntyinjz.and t hut insure au in created yield. KTery farmer, gardener, fruit or flower grower hhooM write at once for oar free catalog, describing Kxeelnor .^praying Outfit*, and contaimrm much information ou bow to spray fruit and Teprtable crop*.

Catalpa Trees

There is something wrong if ywur trees have not made a gro- 'h of over eight inches the past season. I fear the soil where your trees are planted is not adapted to the growth of catalpas which require a very fertile soil for best results, and should be fairly well drained. I find for a thin soil the locust does much better and it will do well in your latitude. It is true it is subject to its enemies the borers, but if it. is kept growing thrifty, it will succeed very well and make splendid posts. The post question is getting to be a very important problem to solve to us who keep our farms fenced for live stock.

We have locust trees, planted three years ago last May, that were one year old when planted - mere whips - that are now, with four seasons' growth, ten inches in circumference and they did not have the care they should have had. While I would not plant locusts exclusively I believe there are a great many things in their favor, and we will set out another thousand next spring. I think every farmer should devote a portion of his farm to the growth of post timber and very much regret that I did not come to that conclusion 30 years ago, as it would have proven a very profitable investment. We recently purchased 500 pos.ts, at a cost of $lfi5, but they were red cedar from the vicinity of Murfreesboro, Tenn., and ought to have some good, lasting qualities. - Walter S. Tomlinson, Defiance Co., O.

Japanese Plums

Those who are making a business of plum culture are aware that the Japanese plum boom has lost its force. Comparatively few of this class are now being planted, and yet the real facts concerning them are not generally known.

Ten or fifteen years ago several varieties of this class were highly extolled and every one seemed to be trying to say all of the good things about them that he could. Much of the praise came from those who had trees to sell, but there were disinterested parties who spoke very confidently of the merits of Burbank, Abundance, Ogon and other varieties. I confess that for a time I was somewhat enamored with the prolificacy and precocity of some varieties and also shared the hope of several horticulturists that as parent stock the species might serve a useful purpose. My delusion did not carry me very far, however, nor did it last long. As soon as the fact became apparent that the Japanese sorts possessed no virtues not found in the European varieties I undertook to stem the tide which seemed to be all against our old and tried varieties of the domestic class. My efforts appeared to do no good and the imaginary virtues of the Jap continued to be sung. What force kept the tide running one way for so long a time has always been a mystery to me. When it did turn there were but few who admitted their mistake. The talk stopped and that "as all there was of it.

Nearly all varieties of Japanese plums are lacking in hardiness and if the blossom buds escape the winter they open very early in the spring and are often caught by frost. The trees bear early and freely even to a fault, and the fruit is very prone to. rot. Of most varieties the quality is inferior and there are none that approach the standard of excellence of the best European sorts. What good traits have the Japanese sorts that are not found in our old well-known varieties? I have often asked this question but never got an answer. If every one knew of these facts it would not l"9 worth while at this late day to mention them, but that class of fruit tree buyers who are so easily victimized by the wily tree agent are not fully informed. There is not enough in plum culture at best to warrant the taking of unnecessary risks, hence one should select none but the most reliable varieties.

whole they are superior to the Japanese class, principally because they are quite sure to give a crop. Most of them, however, are lacking in quality. Those which belong to the American class are hardiest and of the best quality, in fact some of these varieties are unsurpasied for eating raw, but cook, ing develops in them acidity and astringency.

The lesson to be learned from our experience with Japanese plums is the same that we had with Russian apples and Chinese pears. We may go far for new fruits and not fare as well as tho we were to spend our time in developing something superior from the varieties which we already have. - W. J. Green, Ohio Experiment Station.

How To Make A Privet Hedge

Where it is desired to construct a formal, neat-looking hedge, to be kept in condition by shearing or clipping, it is doubtful whether any plant is superior to a good kind of privet. The old-fashioned box, or boxwood, which has long been a favorite for this purpose and was employed with telling effect as a border plant in colonial gardens, is of slow growth and doubtful hardiness. In some of the privets we have dark, glossy, rich-looking foliage, hardiness, tractability and a bushy habit of growth which render them unrivalled for such purposes.

In making a hedge, use plants one or two years old and set them twelve to fifteen inches apart in ordinary soil, increasing the distance to eighteen inches if the earth be rich, and keep them well hoed the first summer. The next spring cut the plants back to the ground, which will induce a low, thick growth. If the plants have become well established and grow freely, they may be clipped jmce when about a foot high. By the third spring the plants should have formed a dense, shrubby base and can be shorn into any form the taste or fancy of the grower may suggest. The conical or triangular-section shape is probably the best, altho the hedge with perpendicular sides and flat top has many admirers. When the latter style is employed decay in the interior of hedge is more apt to result, owing to the exclusion of light. After a growth of six to eight inches has been made it should be cut back onehalf, and the process may be repeated two or three times in a season. Shearing should always be discontinued by August first to let the new growth mature before winter. After the desired hight has been attained, leave only one-half inch of wood at each clipping. Altho a carefully shorn hedge is neat-looking, to the nature lover it appears less beautiful than if numerous small sprays of the green had been left uncut and permitted to decorate the smoothly-trimmed surfaces. This statement applies only to trimmings made thru the summer. The hedge should always be shorn smooth in spring.

It is surprising that a plant so deficient in hardiness as is the California privet should have been widely disseminated, while a variety in every way its equal, with a better habit of growth and the additional merit of undoubted hardiness - the Amoor privet - should remain comparatively unknown. By some this is also called the Ibota privetbut they are quite similar.there being at most but a slight varietal difference. The Amoor privet branches freely near the ground, differing decidedly in tjiat regard from the California privet, which naturally grows erect and tall. It has good foliage, retained till very late in the fall, and has been known to withstand a temperature of twenty degrees below zero. On the grounds of the Experiment Station plants of California privet grown for five or six years have killed to the ground every winter, while the Amoor privet, grown for a shorter period, has gone thru the last two winters without an inch of wood being injured. At present there is considerable confusion in the nomenclature of the privets, but when the true Amoor privet can be secured it should certainly supersede the less hardy species. - W. Emerson Bontrager, Ohio Experiment Station.

The costliest materials form only about one-third of a ing bill. The rest of the money is paid for labor. A m in the paint means not only the loss of what the paint but also the loss of the entire expenditure for putting worthless stuff on the building. It is quite worth while test the paint before using- it.

The best paint is that mixed from Pure White Lead and Pure Linseed i with the particular needs of your building, wagon or implement in view. There is a simple test which anyone can make.

White Lead is made from metallic lead and can be changed back to that metal by applying great heat. Any adulterations, such as chalk, barytes, or other counterfeits, mixed with the White Lead, prevent the appearance of any metallic lead, no matter how slight the adulteration. Therefore, if the sample yields drops of lead, it is pure; if not, it is adulterated.

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The Beef & Dairy Interests

No system of agriculture which robs the soil of its fertility can be permanently a successful one. A mixed system of pasturage and tillage is necessary to produce the best results. The growing of cattle is one way of improving the soil, and it is important to know what kind of cattle we should breed. There are cattle and cattle, and among the various breeds the Devon is inferior to none for the purposes under consideration, combining as they do, beef, milk and butter-producing qualities with hardiness, activity and good temper. Devon cattle are not merely a breed produced by careful selection and breeding for a number of years, but a race of cattle which, with most of its distinctive features, has been known in Britain since the conquest of the country by Julius 'Cassar nearly two thousand years ago. This race has for the past two hundred years been carefully bred and all of the care taken to improve it which has marked the improvement of other breeds of cattle.

The types produced by this long course of careful breeding have become fixed and have rendered the Devon wonderfully prepotent, stamping his distinctive features upon his progeny and making him of great value to cross upon any breed of cattle where a well-formed and hardy animal is wanted. The Devons are very hardy and withstand not only changes of climate, but will live and prosper on short feed and scanty pastures, yet with good feed and care will show as good results as any other breed. They have wonderful longevity and fecundity. It is not unusual, in looking over the Herd Book, to find cows breeding until they are from 18 to 20 years old and credited with from 14 to 16 1 calves. Professor Win. Brown of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Canada, in his report on the various breeds, says of the Devon: "The remarkable feature of the Devon with us has been a uniform conduct. No coming and going but an even run of breeding, health and good doing, under all conditions. Summer and winter the Devon is equally at home, plump on pasture and, in good heart in ihc stall without grain. They have been particularly good mothers, nursing their calves in a manner superior to anything in our experience. The Devon calf is always a full calf on its milk alone, rolling in fat, and with all the build of an old 'animal. The particular character of the breed/ and the rich milk, give these results. After weaning and on up to heiferhood breeding, there is a distinct heartiness and vigor. The Devon cow is a milker, rich in quality and moderate in quantity, while the bull gives a frame to the steer that compares well with other breeds for beef carrying."

This statement being that of an unprejudiced and careful observer, is certainly highly complimentary to the beautiful red cattle, and would be corroborated by all breeders of Devons.

As a beef breed the only objection urged against them is size. They are spoken of as the "Little Devons." The forcing process may cause some of the more bulky breeds to outstrip them in weight but for each bushel of grain fed, and each acre of grass.there is no breed that will make more pounds of beef. Bulls have tipped the beam at 630 11). at eight months old, as Barrister did, and at 4 years old he weighed 2,275 lb. (and by the way, this bull was bred by an Ohio breeder). Felix 2d at two years old weighed 1,530 lb. Duke of Homden weighed 2,030 lb. at three years old. Cows also show good weight. At Ohio state fair, last September, there were cows shown that weighed from 1,150 to 1.430 lb., and these cows had no grain fed them all summer, but run on grass. In some of the Devon herds of the country the value of the breed for dairy purposes has been overlooked by breeders paying more attention to them as beefproducers, but in many other herds, particularly in the dairy districts of New York, Pennsylvania anil New England, much attention has been given to their dairy qualities. It would be useless to enumerate the Cows which have nroduced from 14 to 20 lb. of butter per week, giving from 20' to 22 quarts of milk per day, althol many authenticated cases are on record, not for a single week only, but for a long period. The cow, "Gem," produced 215 lb. of butter in 95 days - more than 2% lb. per day. " Beauty" produced 16 lb. per week when she was i fourteen years old - an age at which most of the cows of the butter breeds, so-called, have passed to that country where churn dashers are unknown.

Devons are active, vigorous, hardy, ! of robust constitution, suitable to all climates, sure breeders and good moth- j ers. Whoever saw a nurse cow help feo raise a Devon cow's calf? At the Ohio state fair, last September, the fine calves shown had nurse cows to ) help their dams raise them. No j wonder they grow so large. Devon 1 cows can always- produce milk sufficient to make fine calves. Devons are easily reared, will stand exposure and neglect, and yet respond promptly to, and pay well for care and good feeding. In the dairy they will, under sim- I ilar conditions, show as good results as to quality and quantity of product as any other breed of cattle. In short, as general purpose cattle, in the dairy and in the shambles, they are second to none. - L. P. Sissons. Ohio.

Winter Pigs

The feeding of winter pigs is looked upon by most farmers as a very unprofitable enterprise. Nearly every farmer believes it pays to raise winter calves or even lambs but when it comes to pigs ,for some reason or other they have a mark chalked up against their record. For the past few years I have arranged a part of my brood sows to farrow late in the fall so that I have several litters to feed during the winter preparatory for fattening in the spring. This season I have on feed nearly forty pigs about eight weeks of age. These pigs were farrowed during the month of October. They were allowed to run with the sows until seven weeks of age and then weaned.

I find that winter pigs have several advantages over spring litters. In the first place, they return a good margin of profit. Pigs that are farrowed during the fall months and economically wintered make excellent home growth, and by the time green forage can be produced in the spring are of sufficient size to make very rapid gains during the fattening period. Pigs that have been properly wintered ought to weigh by the first of May around 275 pounds. If a good clover pasture is at hand to complete the finishing process it will be no trouble to make these hogs take on fat very rapidly, and with a small addition of grain, ought to be ready for the market within five or six weeks.

Winter pigs that are handled in this way come to maturity at a time of year when very little pork is ready for the market, consequently commanding a much better price generally than can be obtained during the fall months. Last season my winter pork made me more money than that put upon the market in the fall. As a general rule, larmers endeavor to have their sows farrow during the early spring, thus bringing to maturity for the fall market a large amount of salable pork. The result is obvious. The market of course becomes overstocked and a falling off in price results. Where only one litter is produced yearly this termination results in reducing the profits from pork production. In order to strike good markets in live stock production attention must be directed toward getting stock into market condition when the supply is at a low tide.

The feeding of winter pigs has oth er advantages than meeting good markets. During the winter months farm work is not pressing, consequently affording the farmer an opportunity to turn his attention toward the feeding and care of live stock. One reason advanced against winter pigs is that i hoy make very little manure to return to the soil, thus handicapping the restoration of soil fertility by winter manuring. In handling my winter pigs I use a part of a basement barn which is done off into pons by pannel gates. Each pen has a small yard for the pigs to exercise During the winter I keep the hogs well bedded with straw, thus absorbing the excrement and manufacturing a high ' grade of manure. I find that by using plenty of litter I am able to make sufficient manure from my winter hogs to cover

A steer receiving a small amount of Dr. Hess Stock Food twice a day in his grain will consume, digest and assimilate larger quantities of coarse fodder and make steady growth from start to finish. This is because Dr. Hess Stock Food acts upon the digestive organs, keeping them in perfect health and activity.

Dr. Hess Stock Food is the prescription of Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V. S,) and contains tonics, iron and nitrates necessary to aid digestion, make good blood and cleanse the system.

Stock

Where Dr. Hess Stock Food differsin particular is in the dose - it's small and fed but twice a day, which proves It has the most digestive strength to the pound. Our Government recognizes Dr. Hess Stock Food as a medical compound and this paper is back of the guarantee.

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Shire, Percheron, Belgian, Coach & Hackney

For the next 30 day* I will sell at my barn cheaper than any olher firm in America, quality considered. The reason 1 can sell cheaper is bec;hi-h my lather lives in Europe and lie can buy them for me and save all middlemen's profits. If you are thinkiiiK of buying a draft stallion of either of the above breeds, or a high-stepping Hackney or Coach Stallion, please write me or come and see my slock, aud X will surprise you

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One 5-lb. package of my Condensed Stock Food, costing $2 express prepaid when mixed with 40 lb. linseed meal costing 80 cents. 30 lb. white middlings costing 45 cents and -5 lb. wheat bran costing 35 cents, makes the best - known fattener for all firm animals, and gives you 100 lb. of stock food for $3.60. This stock food makes one dollars' worth of grain do the work of two dollars' worth in producing health, meat and profits. Full directions on every' package. Send t- today, or write for further Information.

five or six acres of land. Last winter, from forty hogs I wintered, I made enough manure to cover over six acres of sod land for corn. If properly handled no other stock will make more fertilizer of rich plant food value than winter hogs.

Where winter dairying is carried on, winter pigs can be made a very profitable adjunct to the farm live stock. We find that by separating the cream at the farm and feeding the skimmed milk, mixed with middlings, directly to the growing pigs, we have one of the best and most nutritive rations possible to compound. The farmer who is milking several cows and separating his cream by machinery certainly can not afford to be without a few pigs io consume the by-product and turn it into a good profit. With skim-milk and middlings, I am able to make better gain with growing pigs during the winter than at any other time of the year.

If the most profit is to be obtained from winter pigs, an economical yet nutritive ration must be fed. Midlings and bran of course must be purchased, but with plenty of skim-milk at hand, can be made a very profitable investment. The ration should be composed, as far as possible, of farm-grown grains. Corn, barley, rye, spelt and cull-beans should comprise the larger portion of the grain ration. It is necessary (to secure the best gain) to feed some succulent food. I have never found anything that produced better results than roots. I have fed ensilage to winter pigs with excellent results and when the former can not be obtained silage can be made a good substitute. Clover hay is a most excellent food for winter pigs and can be profitably fed in limited amounts. - Leo C. Reynolds, Shiawassee Co., Mich.

The Use Of Lime On The Farm

If the full value of lime in its different forms was fully appreciated there would be more of it used on the farm than there is today. Many have the opinion that its only use is for whitewashing, and use it very sparingly even for that. The mechanical effect of a good coat of whitewash is well worth its cost, to say nothing of the added appearance.

Lime is one of the best and most reliable disinfectants and deodorizers that we have, and at the same time, the cheapest. We use it in the form of whitewash for walls and roosts in chicken houses and walls of portable hog-houses, also the watering and slopping troughs for hogs. In the form of air-slacked lime it is one of the best absorbents of moisture and foul odors that we have found.

If mixed with the droppings of animals it has a tendency to liberate the ammonia but it can be used so as to cause very little waste and we can afford to sacrifice a little ammonia for the security of the health of our animals. Sprinkle it on stable and hoghouse floors, after cleaning out and before putting in new bedding; it will dry and sweeten. Put it on the chicken coop floors and in the dust bath. Put a small amount in the hog slop, not enough to make it caustic or turn it yellow, but just enough to sweeten it, and the pigs will relish it. If one would take the time to fix it, lime water would be better for last-named purpose, made by adding large quantities of water to quicklime and using onlyjj>the clear water that rises after the lime settles.

Sprinkle the powdered lime on the feeding floors and about the yards; it will not hurt anything and I believe it has done as much for us as any other one thing to help to check two or three cases of hog cholera, within the last few years. Lime is one of the ingredients of one of the best selling "hog remedies" on the market today.

An old farmer of this state said some time ago that he had come to the conclusion that there is no use to lose hogs with cholera (we haven't gotten that far along yet). When asked his plan, he said he always kept the following mixture before his pigs (and it is surprising how much they will eat of it) : Lime 50 lb., sulfur 5 lb., sal-soda 5 lb., black antimony 5 lb., copperas or sulfate of iron 5 lb.

Use fresh quicklime, add ju?' enough water to slack to a fine powder, then add the other ingredients and mix thoroly. Take two parts of this mixture and one part salt, and keep it

Shepherds' Problems

The proportion of salt is not important. It is added simply to get the sheep to eat the tobacco. Some men have told that their sheep ate it without any salt. Mine would not do so. I have found some men adding so much salt that the sheep ate that and left the tobacco. At this time in the year, when the flocks are about the barns, sprinkling a little brine Over the leaves will be practical. I have seen no ill results from allowing sheep free access to a box of salted leaves. Stems are not quite as strong in nicotine as the scrap leaves, yet it seems probable that they may be eaten in large enough quantity to prove efficacious.

A reader in Indiana writes that he has been losing lambs from internal parasites altho having given gasoline, a medicated salt, and copperas and salt, and even some tobacco. A postmortem revealed balls of small worms in the intestines, also tapeworms. I have not been certain as to the efficacy of tobacco for tapeworms. If in this case it has been fed long enough to give it a fair trial, I advise the use of areca nut. Allow the flock to fast for twelve hours then give very small allowance of ground feed with an ounce of Epsom salts for each animal. Withhold feed again for 24 hours and then give each two drams of powdered areca nut in an ounce of milk. This followed an hour later by two ounces of linseed oil and five drops of croton oil to each sheep, should effect a complete removal of all worms.

Wixter Care Of Ewes

The open winter so far has been exceedingly favorable for the breeding flock wherever they have been allowed to have advantage of it by freedom upon the pastures. Exercise and bluegrass will ward off many of the ills usually complained of in the breeding flock toward spring. The only danger is that they will have to depend upon exercising alone, too long. That alone isn't satisfactory. Sometimes winter pasturage is blamed for ill condition of flocks when it is the lack of pasturage that is responsible. Good bluegrass in winter is next to clover hay for breeding ewes. Corn alone as the grain may be safely fed so long as the flock has the freedom of the fields. Do not make the fatal mistake, however, of substituting timothy hay or straw or corn stover for the bluegrass and exercise.

As pregnancy advances more protein must be fed. This calls for clover hay, soy beans, oats or some of the rich protein concentrates. - H. P. Miller.

The remarkable developments of the last four years in industrial lines have so increased the demand for money that at the present tfme well-seasoned securities are paying a higher rate of income than for 12 years. Where such securities are offered by a company having a good reputation, they are as safe for you as to deposit your money in banks; and your money earns twice as large an income for you, because you deal direct and receive the total interest paid in place of dividing the amount with your banker.

Another feature that is especially desirable, and is worth at least 2# in addition to the dividend paid, is the fact that a cumulative, preferred stock of an Ohio corporation is tax exemrt to Ohio investors.

The average investor has not the time, experience or facilities to pass judgment upon securities. Our many years of experience in buying investment securities is at your service. In our judgment it is an excellent time for investors to place their surplus funds, as we are able to secure for you from G to 7 percent upon your money, free from taxes. We will gladly give you our list of securities upon application.

Isn't this an object lesson that makes tho reason plain to you, Mr. Hoe Raiser, for the heavy losses among your shoats? Now, these worms live on the nutriment your shoat should get from feed rations - shoat starves - blood b omes poisoned - shoat dies - profits vanish. Let us prove to you that the Iowa Worm Powder is the f only safe and sure worm remedy on the market. It will kill the worms and save the shoats. Here's our offer:

Iowa Stock Food Co

This shows liver of same shoat with worm in bile bladder. (X mark showing location.) The duct through which worm has come was split with a knife to show worm.

Care of the Brood Sow. - Do not be too anxious to have your sow farrow young. If she drops her first litter when about a year old she will raise a better and a thriftier number. While the cost of production may be somewhat more in doing this, ' her extra usefulness later on will more than repay it. It is considered better to figure at least six months between litters, letting the first litter run with the sow for about three months. During pregnancy a succulent ration should be given - grass in the summer, and in winter roots, such as beets, carrots, potatoes, etc., may be included in the dietary. Rye, barley, oats, bluegrass or clover are also good. The principal object should be to have the pregnant sow in good condition but at the same time not too fat. - Peterkin Wiley, Jr., N. Y.

The great barns of the noted stocK farm at Newark, Ohio, contain a fine lot of choice BELGIAN and PERCHERON and GERMAN COACH stallions and mares.

Running in age from 1 to 5 years, weighing from 1.500 to 2.100 lb. All horses are for sale on reasonable terms. Cash or bankable notes of 1, 2 and 3 years.

The right types can be found at the Sharon Valley Stock Farm which is located 1*4 miles west of the courthouse. Intending purchasers send for catalog. Bell phone 651 W; Cit zens' phone 266. Yours,

Estates. - Under the laws of the state of Ohio do half brothers and sisters inherit from the estate of deceased persons when the full brothers and sisters are living? A. D. H. - Assuming that your question refers to personal property, the estate would distribute as follows: First. To the children of the intestate. Second. If there are no children, to the husband or wife. Third. If there be no husband or wife, to the brothers and sisters of the intestate of the whole blood. Fourth. If there be no brothers or sisters of the whole blood, then to the brothers and sisters of the half blood. - H. L. Snyder.

Your horse had worms if he has any of these symptoms: 111 health - poor condition - - roneb coat - scurvy dry skin - dandruff - itching - hide bound - pot belly - colicky pains - bloating mornings - scourin g - pawing - switching - rubbing tail - turning up lip - bad breath - fits - nervousness - diarrhea - sometimes constipation - mucous around rectum - and the passage of large or small worms or their eggs.

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Silo Materials

Everyone, in constructing a new building, spends more or less time considering plans and materials. There have been a good many kinds of materials used in silos in the past. Stone and brick were used in the first ones, and continued in use until quite a recent date. They were ungainly and the necessary thickness of walls, made them too expensive. The builders then jumped to the opposite extreme, putting up single thicknesses of boards, in a square form. This did not prove perfect but was an improvement over the early styles.

Cement has been tried, to a very limited extent, and is still in the experimental stage. A silo must be tall, circular, quite small in diameter and able to withstand great pressure. To make a silo out of cement and make the cost reasonably low, requires quite a thin wall. It also requires skilled labor. A person is perfectly safe in making his walls 6 to 8 inches thick if he reinforces the walls every three feet with a steel rod. Make the rods link into each other, having a continuous rod around the silo. The cement should be mixed one part to six or seven of sand. Cement is a ticklish material to deal with, and must be well studied before using, especially in the silo. It is durable, however, and when kept washed on the inside, should last a lifetime. The thing is to get it up right and to that end a prospective builder should understand the material he is working with. The cost is surprisingly reasonable. I know of a few in this locality that are giving good satisfaction, and the material has a great future in silo construction.

Wood is still the mainstay in silo construction. There are several kinds of wood used, and if one is furnishing his own lumber, he can choose some variety. The majority of stave silos are of two-inch, soft pine, or else the same thickness tamarp^k. Tamarack is not to be had in all localities, but where it can it is a splendid material. Soft pine has qualities that make it a very fine material, but hard pine is also used to a great extent. Most any timber that is used in other building will do for the silo. The inside sheeting should be chosen with a little extra care, as it has to contend with the acids of the silage.

There are several types of wood silos, but the round is the only successful one. The stave silo is probably the best known and most in use. It makes a very satisfactory silo, but is not so lasting as some others. It has suffered some in having so many cheap, poorly constructed ones put up, which either blow down or fail to keep the silage. Other kinds are more truly buildings, in that they are built stationary around studding. The exact method of construction varies with different makes. The two that I believe are best are the King and Gurler, described at some length in bulletin No. 125 of the Wisconsin Experiment Station, Madison, Wis. The King silo requires a sill made by two layers of two by fours, 12 inches long, breaking joints. Studding made of two by fours, are set up 12 inches apart. Three layers of sheeting, one-half Inch, is bent around the inside and securely nailed to the studding. Building paper is used between the second and third layers. The outside is sheeted with any kind of outside sheeting, bent, of course, horizontally.

The Gurler silo uses the same idea of frame work but instead of the last two layers of inside sheeting, a sort of lath is bent around, one-half inch apart. The lath are made by sawing three-quarter material into narrow strips, three-quarter inches on the narrow face, and one and one-half inches on the broad. These are nailed with the narrow face next the sheeting, leaving a dove-tailed space between thorn. The inside is then plastered with cement three-quarter inches thick, from face of lath. The proportion is two of cement to one of sand. The beveled lath, being put on horizontally, holds the cement securely. A whitewash of cement must be used every two years, to close any cracks and fill up the pores which the silage is liable to force into the cement. Make the wash by stirring cement into water until a good thick wash is made, as thick as can be easily spread with a brush or spread with a sprayer. A one hundred and fifty-ton silo like these, should not cost over $200, and can be built by any careful carpenter if furnished with plans..

While the stave silo may look like a makeshift, it is in reality a very serviceable one. Whether bought all ready to set up or made on the farm, it must be put up carefully and then cared for. We have a stave silo that has been in use five years and is apparently as good as the day put up. It gets good care and -the hoops are kept tight and the foundation firm. Some firms make a thirty-foot s ave but it has been my experience that a silo using fourteen and sixteen-foot staves is much more easily put up and is just as good, besides it is difficult to get one so long that is perfectly sound. All the stave silos that I have ever seen go down, rot out, or fall to pieces, have done so thru some fault of the owner. They are easily and quickly put up and may be readily moved. They look nice when well finished and keep the silage as well as any and are a good bin to begin with. - John Bowditch, Jr., Hillsdale Co., Mich.

Acid Taste In Butter

Please tell us what is wrong with our butter. The only way we can describe it is that it is sour. Our cow was fresh in August and for a time we made good butler. Then the butter took on an acid taste and we have been unable to remedy it. L. S. B., Bowling Green, O.

The acid taste in your butter is due to one Of two things: First, either to an abnormal fermentation which gains entrance into the milk during milking time, or by coming in contact with vessels that are slightly infected; or second, it may come about thru feeds that you are feeding. I advise you not to feed too many stock beets or carrots. In fact, I would feed none at all for two weeks and substitute for these beets, bran, mixed with a slight amount of linseed meal, feeding her hay and corn fodder - all that she wants to eat. I advise you to thoroly boil the utensils that come in contact with the milk and wash them with a solution of borax. I am sure this will remove the trouble. - O. Erf, O. S. U.

Winter Dairying Most Profitable

I find from experience that winter dairy work is more profitable than summer dairy work. I try to have my cows come fresh between October and January first, and feed plenty of ensilage and good clover hay once a day, with bran, gluten or some other good protein feed. I let the cows be the judge regarding the amount they will consume and digest to get the greatest value. I think this is the way to make them pay. I find that good cows will pay a profit every day of the winter and will do nearly as well during the summer as cows fresh in the spring. A cow that freshens at this time will take her vacation in the fall when the pasture it short. As a rule, her sisters who freshen in the spring shrink considerably in their flow of milk.

Every dairyman has more time to care for calves during the winter than in summer. With well-lighted and warm quarters they will do as well in winter as in summer and as the first few days of spring makes the grass ready for them to go onto, they will have prospered so that they can take excellent advantage of the warm, early summer weather. I find it is most profitable to keep the cows doing their very best while they are fresh. No cow can be allowed to shrink in her milk flow for a week or month nnd be expected to catch up to her former standing by high feeding. She will not make up for lost time, therefore it is very important that she be kept up in her flow of milk. - R. B. Rushing. Johnson Co., 111.

TUishel of TCar Corn. - Please publish In your valuable paper the lawful weicht of a bushel of ear corn. Some claim timi It is f!S lb. while others say that T'l lb. are a bushel the year round. C. K. Schwab. - The standard weight of a bushel of ear .corn In Ohio is 68 lb., the vear round. See Sec. 4443 Ohio Laws.

The Very Latest In

Every one having the milk of two or more cows to care for should not fail to see and examine the new improved DE LAVAL Cream Separators. These new machines embody the very latest improvements in cream separator construction and are the result of the past two years of tests and experiments, backed up by our experience of 30 years in the manufacture of separators.

There are ten new styles, ten new capacities and ten new prices. There is a machine for every dairy, from the smallest to the largest, and at a price that will fit every pocket.

Th'e DE LAVAL was the original separator and it has always led in every separator invention and improvement. All good features are now bettered and many new and novel ones added, making the DE LAVAL even more superior to imitating machines than in the past.

The new patented De LAVAL center balanced bowl, with its separate spindle, is a triumph in separator construction and the whole machine from the patented "anti-splash" sanitary supply can to the base is a lesson in mechanical beauty, simplicity and convenience, operating as smoothly and noiselessly as a watch. Only one tool - a screw driver - is required to set the machine or to entirely remove its parts. The new DE LAVAL sells on its appearance alone, while back of that are those mechanical and skimming qualities that have made the DE LAVAL the world's standard.

Portland. Oreg

Reduce your insurance rate. Afford pure cistern water. Don't require ireqaent*".KintiiiV'a'od coating like metal and composition rooting. Not affected by heat or cold Suitable for all buildings, new or old. First cost - only a trljte more than short lived roofings. Let us *rttle your rooting question/or all time Don't spend more good money for poor routine * WHITE TO L"6 AT ONCE for out free book."KOOFS." It will nave you money. Give as name ofyour local dealer.

Free - Feeders Hand Book Ice Plows

Knoll Poultry Farm. Box 40. R. 3, Albany. O. M. B. Turkeys. Pekln Ducks, W. and Buff P. R. A R. C. B. Leghorns and S. <\ B. Minoreas. Ferrets, S. Collies. B Unres Sold on approval.

"D.irgains In Barred A Buff Rks.AHronse Turkey. Bd. Kks.. Tliompsou and Bradley strains: Huff Rks , Maggot strain. 1>. II McQueen. Bonerston O.

Frkp I.. Smith. R Ii. Hi1.I.Sboro, Ohio

It's your business and if yon don't attend to it, who will? You cannot afford to keep cows for fun. That isn't I business, and, furthermore, it isn't I necessary. There is money in cow keeping if you go at it right, and besides there is more fun in going at it right than there is in staying wrong.

Poultry

You need a Tubular Cream Separator because it will make money Tor you; because it saves labor; because it saves time ; because it means all the difference between cow profits and cow losses.

Be your own Poultry Doctor. If you will use Germozone according to directions you need not have sick fowls from any cause. Germozone prevents disease and cures it, should it get started. Simple to use and very effective - put it in the drink twice a week - the chickens take their own medicine regularly and keep well.They like it, too.

the great National Remedy is a sure cure for Roup, Colds, Cholera, Bowel Complaint, Chicken-Pox and all such disorders, A trial will make you a regular user. Either tablet or liquid. 50c at dealers, or direct from .» GEO. H. LEE CO., Omaha, Nebraska

Double cases all over; best copper tank; n«rsery; selfregnlating. BestlOO chick hot-water Brooder, J4.35. Both ordered together, $11.00. Satisfaction guaranteed. No machines at any price are better. Write for our book today or send price now and save waiting.

If ordered together we -send both for $10 _ and pay freight. Hot water, copper tanks, double walls, double glass doors. Our free catalog describes them. Wisconsin Incubator Co., Box 63, Racine, Wis.

Real Profits

Most liberal offer ever made. Wholesale price in effect for short time. Gem Incubators and Brooders hand-' lest to nse. Proven success by thousands. Catalog explains alL _ Worth dollars to you. Sent free, f'fl'1!- THE GEM IKOOBATQR CO.. Box 46. Trotwood. Ohio.

Feeding For Winter Eggs

Very much of the profit of the poultry keeper .depends upon the number of eggs obtained during the late fall and winter. This can be readily seen when it is remembered that as a rule, one dozen fresh-laid eggs at this season are worth two dozen laid in spring and summer.

But it will not he as readily admitted that it is possible to obtain a succession of fresh eggs during the winter where the fowls have only fairly comfortable winter quarters and are not kept in a room made almost warm enough for a living room for the family. Having been successful in securing a goodly supply of fresh eggs from November to April, and this while keeping the fowls in a small and cheaply-constructed building, * not warmer than would be considered essential for the comfort of farm stock t>f any kind, I will give an outline of my methods of care and treatment of fowls.

I believe that a small, low building is preferable for winter quarters for the hens at night if they can be given the range of a warm and sunny building, facing to the south thru the day, as the animal heat is better retained thru the night in such a building. I believe success or failure in egg production will as a rule depend more upon feed than on breed of fowls kept. My practice has been to introduce new blood each year or at least as often as every two years by bringing into the flock ' pure-blooded or nearly pure cocks from other flocks.

"Why," said a neighbor, recently, "what on earth do you 'feed your hens to make them lay so every winter? We give ours all the oats they can eat, and haven't had an egg for weeks."

I was certainly tempted to say in reply: "Poor simpletons! Don't you know more than to expect eggs in winter, or in fact at any time, on such rations as these? The first two will hardly keep a hen alive two months in our cold climate, and the latter will make them too fat to lay at all. But I merely answered them that I took pains to give my hens as great, a variety of food as possible, combining it with a feeding, two or three times each week, t»f some sort of green feed, and an occasional feed of meat scraps, furnishing them also with plenty of clean, sharp gravel for grit, and a constant supply of shell-forming material of some sort, with all the pure, fresh water they will drink. Common sense, combined with a knowledge of the constituents forming the egg, ought to give a very definite idea of the conditions and feed necessary for egg production.

Preparations for winter layers should begin the preceding spring, by securing a supply of early-hatched chickens - the earlier the better. These early pullets will begin laying correspondingly early, and besides having come to maturity thus early in the first season, they will reach the moulting season correspondingly early the coming year and so he in a condition for better production of winter eggs the following year.

Experience has confirmed me in the belief that, with other conditions the same, there is nothing like internal heat produced by hot, not warm, but hot, feed to prompt hens to winter laying. I depend on it largely, tho I vary the grain feed by giving whole grain, such as buckwheat, corn, oats, whole wheat, etc., once or twice a day, and always as a night-feed. Also a hot mash made of equal parts by weight of corn meal and wheat shorts stirred up in boiling water and fed in the morning, in winter, without standing to cool at all. In the earlier years of my poultry keeping I should have thought it unsafe to place the feed before my flock as hot as this but I have long made a practice of doing so and always with satisfactory results, so do not hesitate to recommend it for others. - E. J. Brownell, Delaware Co.,N.Y.

Whether you are an expert Poultry Raiser, or a Beginner, it will pay you. especially this year, to write me a postal for my New Free 1908 Chatham Incubator and Brooder Book on Poultry Science.

My SO years of practical experience in building Chatham Incubators and Brooders is told fully in this book. I tell you how you can start in the poultry business with a small amount of money and offer to prove to you on 5 years' guarantee that my machines are the best made. My l'K>8 book is so full of the latest improvements in chicken raising methods and practical information that no Expert or lieginner can afford to overlook it.

If you are an Expert, set I aasaaas.niB.BaiB5B.Biiiiii.iM Chatham beside any other incu bator in the world and prove at my risk for 84 days on hatches that Chathama beat the rest.

If you are a Beginner, just hold off a day or two until you get my low factory prices direct to you - freight prepaid - and read my 1''08 Book before you buy. Write a postal to me personally, now, to get it.

When a Chatham Incubator or Brooder leaves our factory to go to you it carries SO years of successful experience with it and is an assurance of your success.

It tells you how our $500,000 invested in the Incubator manufacturing business is really an investment back of every one of our thousands of customers to make them Successful Poultry Raisers from the time they Start with CKathams.

Don't think of buying: any incubator - of anybody - until you write us for this Special limited time offer and investigate. You can't afford to overlook this. Act now to get yours.

This

Yes, freight prepaid, even at this pric f t a limited tlmeanywhere ea6t of the Mississippi River. You can clip this ad and send $13.50 now to b sure to j_'et yours promptly. Money back if not perfectly satlsned by 30 days' Free Trial. We refer you to the publish r of this paper or to the Iowa NatlnutU Bank or the Mechanics' Saving Bank, both of l>es Moines, Iowa. We do just as we say we will. And there's no better Incubator than tlie Royal for assured hatches at any price. This is our No. 3 Breed -r's Favorite. 230- Kgg Royal - regular price 81S - even better quality than usually sold for 8t£i. Strictly high-grade i n every respect. Easy to operate; automatic control of heat; perfect ventilation. One Trial Hatch Free. Don't pay more for a smaller incubator; don'tbuy a poorly constructed, go-to-pi ecus incubator; don't buy any Incubator until you have investigated our remarkable offer. We save you about half the cost and guarantee better results than incubators give costing twice as much. It will pay you to Investigate. Write for special offer. CTirli1 Handsome Catalog of incubators, brooders, poultry supplies, poultry foods, egge for hatcbav 3%. ali a_j j n and standard bred poultry from our own farm. Book on "Proper Care and Feeding of Young Chicks, Ducks and Turkeys,'* 10c. 50c Standard Poultry Paper 1 year, 10c.

Royal Incubator Company. Drawer 213, Des Moines. Iowa

You or your wife fill out the Free Book Certificate and let us send book at once by fast mail, with full information about Making: Easy Money with the Sure Hatch. Thousands of other women everywhere spend a few minutes every day in this - - _ - _ _ _ . delightful money -making: occupation. I Why not give her the opportunity? One J hatch pays for the Incubator and leaves I a profit. The Sure Hatch never fails. J It gets the chicks and they live nnd prow into dollars Quickly, with little cure. The Sure Hatch regulates itself nnd runs itself. Hatches egga better, quicker, cheaper thnn hens or other incubators. Guji ran teed 5 years. We will ship one to you direct from our nearest warehouse on tnJinilted Trial. We pay freight. Send Free Book Certificate today or write a postal for the book.

Sure Hatch Incubator Co

SI Our new book, telling Whys and Wherefores I Of Poultry Profits - Why Ertel machines make j most for their owners; how hatches are uniformly over ninety per cent with our mal chines; how we pay freight and why our 1 prices are lowest - will be sent you free.

Successful Hatches Reliable

I I nsr system, double ventilating, economical - all ex- I plained In our Interesting poultry book. Write today. | Reliable Incubator & BroodorCo.,Box IJ86 Qulncy.lli

I quote you the lowest prices on Che best Incubatorsand Brooders. I know how to build them. IDEAL Hot-Air and Hot-Water INCUBATORS and BROODERS ire made to give best results. Send for my handsomely Illustrated free book. "Poultry lorProllt."1 Read my trial offer. See how 1 protect you.

The GLOBE Incubator does this all tho time - has done it for In yearsami hiiflies strnne.healthy chicks - chicks ih .t Hie and rtr..w Our lilobr- la. tubal.. r Ho.dc with beautiful color plate, tells vnu how to make more money oat of poultry. Sent for 4c in itampe. Write today. C.C. SHOI -!»!.» K Hoi 213, Frerport, III.

Self-regulatinc Incubator. Guaranteed to hatch everyhatohable ess- Both the Incubator and 50- Chick Brooder, freicht prepaid east of Rockies, $9. 40 days trial. Send for FREE catalogue.

We guarantee to stop sending paper when the time for which it is paid has expired, so that, to avoid missing any numbers, all should renew promptly.

Always send money by draft. postoffice money order, registered letter, or by express. We will not be responsible for money sent in letters. Address all communications to, and make nil drafts, cheeks and postoffice orders payable to The Lawrence I'ublishinj; Co.

WE GUARANTEE to stop THE OHIO FARMER immediately upon expiration of time subscribed for, and we will pay all expenses for defending any suit brought against any subscriber to The Ohio Farmer by the publisher of any farm paper which has been sent after u.e time ordered has expired, providing you return such papers to your postmaster unread, tell him to notify the publishers that you refuse to accept them, and you send us due notice before suit is started.

Avoid future trouble by refusing to subscribe for any farm paper which does not print, in each Issue, a definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscription.

Agriculture, for the year 1906, has just heen issued. It is a large volume of 986 pages, containing the usual matter - transactions of the Board, crop and live stock statistics, reports of county societies, awards at the State Fair, report on commercial fertilizers, report of proceedings at the annual meeting of the Board, annual reports of farmers' institutes, of the division of nursery and orchard inspection, the State Board of Live Stock Commissioners, the State Dairymen's Association, and the division of horticulture. The report on farmers' institutes embraces a large number of the best papers read and the best addresses delivered at the various institutes by local talent, and contains a fund of information for farmers, horticulturists, stockmen, dairymen, housewives, etc. Every farmer in Ohio should secure these annual reports and thus keep in touch with the state work for the promotion of all agricultural interests. In the farmers' institute section there are 50 or more papers; in the dairy Teport. a dozen or more; and in the horticultural report, 20 or 30, with appended discussions that contribute additional value. These are all published for the benefit of farmers. We have often wondered what proportion of the farmers Of the state get these reports, what proportion make any effort to get them, and how many utilize the information after receiving them. As a rule, people prize what they pay foT directly, and, of printed matter we read what we pay for. and little else. As to mode of distribution, each member of the House and Senate has a hundred, more or less, sent to his home to give to whom he will, each county auditor has a big quota, each regular farmers' institute has a number for free distribution during the sessions, each crop reporter (about 1,000 in all) receives a copy by mail or express, and any farmer, we believe, may receive a copy; as long as the supply lasts, by requesting it and paying postage or express charges - about 30 cents. Something like 25,000 copies are printed, and so, even if all go to the farmers, only about one farmer in ten can get a copy.