Farmer Township (part 20 of 25)

"Some two months ago I had a humor break out on my limbs below my knees. They came to look like raw beefsteak all red, and no one knows how they itched and burned. They were so swollen that I could not get my shoes on for a week or more. I used five or six different remedies and got no help, only when applying them the bu;ning was worse and the itching less. For two or three weeks the suffering was intense, and during that time l did not sleep an hour at a time. Then one morning I tried a bit of Cuticura. From the moment it touched me the itching was gone and I have not felt a bit of it since. The swelling went down and in two days I had my shoes on and was about as usual. George B. Farley. 50 South State St., Concord, N. H., May 14, 1907."

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To Drive Nails Under Water. - Take a piece of small gas pipe long enough to set one end on the timber where the nail is to be driven and have the other end above water. Place it on the timber and drop the nail in point first. Then drop an iron rod down on top of the nail and use the hammer on. the I top of the rod to drive the nail in. - R. |

In my previous article I tried to show how good calves can he gotten, and to produce high-class beeves.somebody must breed good calves, as these are the only kind that ever should be fed for beef. The inferior calf should always be vealed. He will bring a good price for this purpose, but will afterwards be fed at a loss. He will not fatten young, will never take on thick flesh and never bring a high price on the market. If the calves are to be hand fed, the greatest of care slrould be taken in their feeding. By the time the. cow's milk is usable the calf sbould be weaned and should be taught to drink from pail, and should be fed three times a day until a month old. At the age of three weeks some separator milk should be added to the whole milk, and by the time the calf is four weeks old, separator milk entirely can and finish enough to sell as baby beeves. Practical experience and figures show that it is cheaper to make beef during the first year of the animal's life than it ever is again, and there is an ever-increasing demand for the small, well-fatted animal and it is not unusual to see a load of these small fat animals selling at the top of the market. With the assurance Of a steady demand, and if rightly managed, a good profit, from the production of beef by this method, it must be remembered that without good feed and care even, well-bred animals can not be finished at an eaTly age. The careless methods frequently pursued by the steer feeders of the corn belt would result in certain failure in producing baby beeves. They must bave their feed in a different form, must be carefully "housed in winter and be watched closely. Feeding shock corn, covered with snow and ice, in open feed-lots in mud to the knees, will not do, and the young animals handled in this way can not be finished at an early age.

omo's crown. - Champion Pure-Bred Shorthorn Steer of 1907 International Live Stock Exposition. Owned, fed and exhibited by Ohio State University.

be fed. By this time the calf will be eating some grain, and separator milk should never be fed to a calf entirely until he is eating some grain or other feed.

The man who feeds hand-fed calves usually overfeeds, and this is the cause of more failures in raising handfed calves than all else combined. Four pounds of new milk three times a day for the first two weeks, five pounds three times per day for the second two weeks, and six to nine pounds twice per day afterward is all the average calf should be fed. Of course calves differ in their ability to consume milk, but the greatest of care must, be taken not to overfeed, or the raising of calves by hand will result in failure. With the calf running with its dam in the pastures it is different. Taking a little milk each hour at first, as wanted, and more and more as he grows older, he soon requires a nurse cow; then another, and another and by the time he weighs a thousand he can consume large quantities of milk, and when weighing 12 hundred he is taking the milk of several cows. By this method calves have been made to weigh 1300 pounds at 12 months of age. I always did feel sorry for the poor nurse cow. She is compelled to suckle a step-calf that she does not love and that will lift her hind feet clear off the earth and use his horns if she makes a wrong move. At the shows she is compelled to stand out back of the shed, in the sun and rain and preyed upon by the flies. The nurse cow is good for the calf but bad for the breed. Unlike the good milker, cows not required to produce milk become irregular breeders and frequently barren. Their maternal instincts become dormant and they are more steer like.

The manner and age of finishing the calves depends entirely upon circumstances. The- can be finished at an early age or they can be kept until mature. To do the latter, however, is not practicable on the small farm. To siu-ciH'd in this business, upon the small farm, the calves must be finished at an early age and have quality to impossible. The proper time is during the grazing period. To succeed by this method, good grazing must be provided and unless good pasture is available it had better not be undertaken. The calf to be finished as a baby beef must be taught to eat grain at an early age, whether hand-fed or otherwise, and at weaning time it should never be allowed to lose the calf fat; better never have any calf fat than be allowed to lose it. It is not necessary that these calves be rolling in fat before being weaned. If kept in good, thrifty, growing condition and taught to eat grain, they do not fall off at weaning but keep right on improving, which is very important. A calf to be finished for baby beef should improve steadily from the time it is dropped until finished, and skilled feeding and good feeds, fed with a liberal hand. arc indispensable. The feeder who is afraid to feed grain had better not undertake to pnouuce baby beef.

The calf dropped in the fall of the year should be fed during the first winter on milk, clover or alfalfa hay, corn and some oats or bran. When pastures come the calf can be turned out and allowed to run the first summer on pasture without grain. In the fall, before losing any flesh, he should be brought in and fed during the winter on clover or alfalfa hay, torn stover and corn, and early in the spring, should be turned out on pasture which had not been pastured closely during the previous summer, and the feeding continued. Hay should be kept before these calves all the time and the grain, which should consist of finely-ground corn and cob meal, continued until the animal is sold. The amount of meal to feed will depend upon the pasture. If there is an abundance of the right kind of pasture, excessive grain feeding is not necessary, and if fed to excess, the cattle will not make sufficient use of the pasture which is a cheaper feed and will produce gains at less cost than the grain. With plenty of pasture, five or six pounds of grain per head will suffice.

one asks. Those to be sold should be j fed the same as the steers, while those1 to be kept for cows should be fed less I corn and not pushed so rapidly. Heifers, if well-bred and well-fed, give but little trouble. They fatten a little younger, as a rule, and bring just as much money as baby beeves, and are | about as satisfactory in every way as steers. The writer who advises the vealing of the heifer calves must either produce the common kind or is a poor feeder. The time to sell these calves is important. As a rule, they can usually be sold to best advantage to go in July. By growing on grass they can be gotten very fat by this time and will bring a good price. The feed-lot cattle are out of the way, it is too early in the season for good grasses, and the flies are getting bad. By this time these calves- will be from 18 to 22 months old and they should weigh from 900 to 1,100 pounds, which, if of the right kind, is big enough to top the market. The weight, however, will depend upon the feeding. Bigger gains can always be had by high feeding, but it is well to remember that the biggest gains are not always the most profitable. The cattle feeder in this day and age should remember that it is not size and weight that decides the price, but quality and finish, and the higher the quality and finish the higher the price.

Beef making on the small farm, therefore, consists in having a cow that will produce the double revenue, and when her career of usefulness is about ended, can be fattened and sold for a good price. The cow good for nothing but the dairy is for the specialist and not for the general farmer. The cows yielding the double revenue can, by careful breeding, feeding and management, be made to produce 250 pounds and upwards of butter in a year, and their cal -'s at twelve months of age should weigh from 600 to 800 pounds. In my judgment this is the cow that will produce the calf profitably, from which our future beef supply will come, and to make the most money from this calf, he should be put on the market in high condition at an early age. - Chas. Mclntire.

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Silos And Ensilage

It would seem that this question had been pretty thoroly discussed during the past few years. It is generally conceded that for successful dairying or cattle feeding the silo is almost indispensable, but we can not all run a dairy, nor do we all care to feed cattle. The purpose of this article is to give my experience in feeding ensilage ro other stock than cattle and I think and hope that it will be a little different from any body else's experience.

In 1903 we put up our first silo, building a 16x28, white pine, and in the winter commenced to feed to lambs in tight bottom racks. At that time we thought that if the lambs did not leave some feed in the racks they were not getting enough-. As it looked too good to throw away, we carried it to some horses and colts, as we had been in the habit of doing with the hay. We opened the silo the first of November. The racks were cleaned out twice a day and the refuse given to eight head of horses, mules and colts, feeding them almost exactly alike each time till the middle of February. The horses were looking remarkably well and I was congratulating myself on wintering my horses tor comparatively nothing, which was quite an item to me.

On a Friday morning, the middle of February, we found a horse dead in the yard; Could not find a sign of a struggle nor could we see a thing the matter with the horse, only she was dead. She had apparently- been all right the night before. By Friday noon we had two more sick, and to make a long story short, on Sunday we ordered the eighth and last one killed. Forage poison, the veterinary said, caused by a cert«in mould. There was no mould that we could see in the feed. One person that should have known, told me there was not one silo In twenty that had as good ensilage in as ours had at that time.

It permanently cured me of feeding the horses any more silage. When opening their silos in the fall, some of our neighbors throw the top of their ensilage out in a pile and allow their

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horses to help themselves, without any noticeable ill effects as yet. I tell them that when they get a dose like I had they will quit it, as I do not allow a horse in the yard where my silo is from the time that it is opened in the fall till it is fed out in the spring. We do not know that it was the ensilage that killed ours. But if it was not that, what was it?

What to do with that the sheep left, bothered us some, but we wisely concluded to let them eat it, feeding them only what they would eat up reasonably clean. Sbeep can be easily taught to eat their feed clean or they soon learn to leave a little each time. To our surprise the silo did n. o cut down the corn fed in the proportion to the corn that was in the ensilage, as in fattening lambs we feed nearly as much corn when we are feeding ensilage as when we don't but not nearly so much feed.

In 1906 we put a field t)f alfalfa in our silo, putting in a load of corn and then a load of alfalfa, running the alfalfa thru the cutter the same as we did the corn. It made rather better ensilage than the corn alone. But we will not do it again, as the corn deteriorates so much more in the shock than the alfalfa does in the stack or mow, that we prefer to get our corn in. Our cows will give almost a summer flow of milk on ensilage alone. As we aim to raise as near all 'our feed as we can and the cows will not eat anything else that we raise, we let them do without other feed. We put the ensilage in their racks atid then put good alfalfa hay on top of it, and they will completely ignore the hay. What are we going to do? We know that it is not a complete ration by any means, but they like it, do well on it, and it is cheap. Why not let well enough alone? We figure on losing about twice as many lambs in the course of the winter as we did before we built our silo. Why, I do not know, but there seems to be something about it that makes the lambs die pretty easily. In building our silo we raised the roof about five feet so that when the ensilage had settled the silo was still full. In filling the silo remember that the riper the corn the sweeter the ensilage as long as it is heavy enough to settle properly. Frost does not hu'rt it much if you can get it in right away.

Do not put too much confidence in what the agent tells you as to how much corn it will take to fill your silo, as you can count on seven or eight bushels of corn to the ton of ensilage. That is, if your corn will make fifty bushels of shelled corn to the acre it will take about fourteen acres to fill a hundred-ton silo. Build your silo as near the place you want to feed your ensilage as possible, as when it comes to moving any great amount of ensilage very far it is lots of work. Our silo is only four feet from the barn, only room enough for a covered chute. It does not make any difference to us how cold or disagreeable it is, we can feed in the same time and with the same degree of comfort.

The question of help bothered us for a while, as filling the silo comes in i the busiest season of the year, but now five or six of us that have silos help each other. We like that way the best as we are sure of better help and we know where to place our men, put- , ting two or three of our best men in the field to load the wagons after the binder, and some of those that we can i not depend on so well we place in the Eilo where, if they do get interested in a story, it will not hinder us from getting thru with a hard job. The silo has its advantages and its disadvanta- > ges, but I belie re the former will out- | weigh the latter by far. It has come j to stay. - A. E. Bullard, Champaign Co., O.

(We thr*k this is the first report the Ohio Farmer has had of silage killing horses. All the authorities we can refer to say that it dees very well for I idle horses, colts and brood mares. ! Horses that are worked should have 1 only a small quantity, and horses j heavily worked very little if any. It \ is too laxative. Mr. Bullard fed this | refuse silage for three months and a | half. Were they fed anything else? | How much (pounds) was fed each I day? Exclusive feeding on silage for » such a length of time could not help | being detrimental even if the silage I was all right. We would be glad to r have the experience of others who I have fed silage to hordes. - Editors.)

Be Kind To Your Stock

When you are getting the young stock ready for the buyer, take them up and stable them; blanket them.and have them well groomed; it pays to give them plenty of "elbow grease" to make their coats sleek. If you have any mongrels on your farm, cut them loose! It costs no more to feed a good colt than a bad one. To stint your horses, especially those for sale, is a "penny wise and a pound foolish" policy. It will usually be found necessary once in a while to mix a little ground linseed cake with the feed.

Whipping a shying, frightened, or balky horse is senseless and cruel. Pain does not relieve fright, but the assuring voice of a kind master does. Whipping will make a confirmed shyer of the horse, for he will connect the pain with his fear. It would be well if every one owning, using, caring for, or dealing in horses, could be made to realize the essentially human character of most of the horse traits observable. If this could be accomplished the effect should be to enlist every such person a volunteer member of a world-wide humane society, and extinguish forever the foolish and wicked disposition to abuse and belabor a horse, which now possesses many who should know better. It has ever been a dictum of this writer, than whom scarcely any man has had wider horse experience - "always treat a horse with kindness; never abuse a horse." The animal will reward you; he will love, serve and be a faithful friend to you.

Many a fractious or balky horse has been transformed by a little kindness. Speak to such a one gently* and soothingly and, if frightened, reassuringly. He soon learns your voice and knows it as well as a human being does. He will interpret its every tone, and be guided thereby. When he has served you well, give him a kindly pat, a hearty word, and an apple to eat, or a bit of sugar, and notice how almost human is his pride and gratification. Remember that this is a love and fealty which can never be bought. You can not tempt him with gauds or any mercenary rewards. The value of these he can not know, but he will give you love for love, and that in no stinted measure. - E. Russel.

Improving The Farm Herd

Prof. Shaw of the Michigan Agricultural College, in a bulletin issued some time ago, plainly outlined the only practical plan to be followed by the general farmer in improving his herd. Briefly stated, his most important suggestions are as follows:

1. Decide once for all whether you are to stick to the beef or to the dairy type, and cull out your animals accordingly, keeping one-half or twothirds of the best ones of the type selected.

3. Purchase or otherwise secure the use of as good a pure-bred bull as you can afford and use him until his calves are old enough to breed. Then get a better one of the same breed, and so on indefinitely.

This is the plan which if conscientiously followed would soon add millions to the value of the cow. It is simply a progressive up-grading along one line and the abandonment of uncertain crosses and inbreeding. If the foundation stock is fairly good a very high grade of animals should be secured by the fourth or fifth generation. Should the foundation stock be very poor it is advisable to get a few good heifers to eventually form the herd. - S. B. Hartman, Calhoun CO., Mich.

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In order to close out the remaining stock nowon bund at trie SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM, so >< to make room for another importation early this fall, the finest and best Draft Stallions and Mares, Kelgian and Pert-herons, also several teams and well matched geldings, suitable for brewery or any heavy work, will be sold at ridiculously low price to anyone who, in need of such horses, will visit Col. G.W. Crawford's Barns at New ark. O.. and select the one he wants before the other fellow gets ahead of him. The Sharon ValleySti ck Knrm has imported and Bold more stallions and mares I Belgians, Percherons and fierman Coachert.) than any other importing establishment in America. Interested persons will be met at station if they will phone to

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Avoid future trouble by refusing to subscribe for any farm paper which does not print, in each issue, a definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscription.

We have received several letters from leading farmers requesting the Ohio Farmer to give the facts regarding the deplorable situation at Colum-1 bus, where the fertilizer division of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture is rendered practically helpless and useless thru legal obstacles placed about it by the Smith Agricultural Chemical Company. At present the Board is prevented, by injunction, from publishing the results of fertilizer analyses made last year; a receiver has been asked for for the Ohio State Fair grounds; Secretary Calvert has been found guilty of contempt of court, fined $50 and given a suspended jail sentence, and the Smith Company is reported to have asked an injunction to prevent the transfer of the State Fair grounds from the old State Board of Agriculture to the new Board, which was appointed by Governor Harris under the authority of the bill passed by the last Legislature. Further, the Smith Company is reported to have sued the members of the old Board., individually and collectitvely, for damages in the sum of $250,000. Meanwhile Attorney General Ellis has brought suit to oust the Smith Company from their charter to do business in Ohio, under the provisions of the anti-trust law. Thus we have a many-sided puzzle. Whether the Board can rend the many legal thongs with which it is bound and go abend and perform the work that it is delegated to do is not questioned. Right will ultimately prevail, but the question is - "How soon?"

It has been difficult to obtain all of the facts in the case. The Ohio Farmer has published such facts as have been available from time to time, but the injunction suits prevent the members or officers of the Board from giving out information. The whole trouble, however, arose from the fact that the analyses of the fertilizers of the Smith Company, as reported by the official chemist, were lower than the company desired to have published. It is claimed that a clerk in the office of the State Board of Agriculture had been employed by the Smith Company to switch and substitute good samples for those taken in the open market, and when the clerk died the fraud became apparent. Then, rather than have the low analyses published, as reported by the chemist, the Smith Company, by injunction prevented the publication of the report, thereby holding up information that was badly needed by the farmers of the state. The injunction that permitted this was based upon the assumption that the old State Board of Agriculture was practically a private corporation, inasmuch as its members were neither elected by the voters nor appointed by the Governor, and that therefore it was not constitutional, regardless of the fact that it was older than the constitution itself. In order to get around this contention a bill was passed by the last Legislature providing that the members of the Board should be nominated by the annual agricultural convention, -at Columbus, and appointed by the Governor. This makes the Board a legal body in every way, and as soon as the present confusion is cleared away the new Board will take up the work of the old Board where it was interrupted by the injunction of the Smith Company. From testimony taken it seems that the fertilizer work performed by the State Board, thru the secretary and his assistants, is also subject to some criticism, inasmuch as the highest analyses are published, instead of all analyses made. Evidence has been presented in court showing that where an analysis was too low to suit the manufacturer, the latter sent the secretary of the State Board of Agriculture a list of several piaces where another sample of his goods could be taken. Another analysis was made by the official chemist at the manufacturer's expense and, if the result was better, that analysis was published in the report instead of the lower one. This may be the practice that has grown up in the department in past years, but it is not according to law, and shouid be stopped. Sec. 4446e reads: "Said secretary shall publish annually, a correct report of all analyses made and certificates filed, etc."

What the farmers demand is a fair and honest analysis of samples taken in the open market. The State Board must furnish this and all honest manufacturers will abide by it. If they can not do so let them get out of the fertilizer business. We believe Secretary Calvert to be an honest man, and until recently we have always thought the fertilizer inspection work conducted by the Board to be thoroly honest and above reproach. It seems, however, that there has been crooked work in the department. If investigation shows that any person or persons connected with the Board have been guilty of deception in the past they must be discharged. Such men do not belong in the office of the State Board of Agriculture. As for the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, it may rest assured that it shall have the hearty support of the Ohio Farmer in every honest effort in the interests of the farmers of the state.

The Ohio Farmer Dm-s Prohibition has always stood Kill Business? squaTely for such laws as shall, under any given local circumstances, most effectually prevent the promiscuous and general sale of intoxicants. Wherever high tax will best do this, we favor high tax. believing that 'half a loaf is better than no bread. "Whereever the moral sentiment of a village, ward, city, county or state will back a law to close all saloons, we favor that. The distillers, brewers and saloon men seem to us most illogical and even contradictory in their chief arguments. First, they assert that

"prohibition does not prohibit" but that more liquor is sold and more drunkenness exists in towns that have "voted dry" than when they were openly "wet." The killing reply to this is, "Then, why don't they favor prohibition?" Their other contention is that prohibition does prohibit, and thereby hurts business, since, evidently, the man who spends half his money for "wet" goods has more for dry goods! Kansas City, Kansas, a city of 100,000 souls, is a case in point. For about 22 months now, "prohibition has prohibited" there in fact, and great prosperity in business has followed, in spite of the persistent, insistent and widely published assertions of brewers, etc., flaunted in posters and huge advertisements, that the city is going to the dogs because of the closing of the saloons, that real estate is falling, buildings vacant, people moving away, taxes increased, bank deposits shrinking and the city practically bankrupt even for running expenses. Such statements are shown to be slanderous lies, exactly contrary to all the facts. The Outlook of New York, has recently and carefully investigated and gives full facts along all lines of business. We give some of those facts, greatly condensed and with due credit, as follows: Conservative bankers estimate that the closing of the saloons saves $2,500,000 each year to the city; bank deposits have increased 35 percent in 22 months; the P. O. receipts 18 percent in 12 months from the closing; new buildings, $1,000,000 in 1906, and $1,472,000 in 1907; 27 new manufactories were added in 1907 ; all saloon buildings suitable for legitimate business are thus occupied now; church building was never before so active; foreclosures have greatly decreased and city improvements have greatly increased; valuations of taxable property have increased over 8 percent; the bonded indebtedness was decreased $245,000 in 1907 and taxes were reel udced 20 cents on each $100; the great increase in population has required $200,000 worth of new school buildings; the police judge says there is less drunkenness since the saloons were closed than ever before in the city's history, in spite of the fact that Kansas City, Mo., just across the state line, is a very "wet" city; grocers report better sales; less poverty is reported to the Associated Charities, and far better moral conditions; less cases are in the county court; in short, since the 256 saloons were closed there has been over $3,750,000 increase in bank deposits, unparalleled business activity, 11,000 increase in population, a marked decrease in the city's debt, and a decrease of about 30 percent in homicides. Such facts - and similar ones exist in many states and cities - seem to nail the mean and ancient lie that "prohibition kills business."

Many agricultural col- AcRicrxTrRAL leges are now sending Colleges. out their fall announcements, and hundreds of young men and women are thinking seriously of entering a college course in agriculture or domestic science. It is a serious matter. A technical education for farmers and farmers' wives is just as essential as for any other calling. A man may be a good farmer without taking a college course, just as a man may become a successful mechanic without being a mechanical engineer: but without the technical education - the mental growth - afforded by a college training tbere will be a distinct limit to his powers to rise in his respective line. The successful farmer of the future must be an educated man. He must know at least the principles of the sciences that underlie his work, so that be will be able to adapt himself and his work to the many varying conditions that are bound to present themselves. Problems in soil fertility, crop adaptation, breeding, feeding. etc., are far simpler to the mind that has been trained by a course of study at a good agricultural college. Then there is the greater sphere that an education affords - the ability to appreciate and enjoy the good things in life and the philosophy that enables one to gracefully accept the bitter with the sweet: the power to become useful to one's community and to others in the same line of work: the breadth of vision that makes good fathers and mothers and real useful American citizens. A college education is a big proposition for many young men and young women to undertake, but those who have gone thru college, even at the cost of actual hardship, have never lived to regret it. Working one's way thru college is a hard matter, but many do it, and where one is strong, mentally and physically, it is a valuable experience and training. The requirements for admission to the four-year course in agriculture are generally about the same as in the other courses. The Ohio College of Agriculture has recently made a change, however, that will benefit many Ohio boys and girls. For the next year graduates from the first and second grade high schools will be admitted without examination. In the past none were admitted without examination except from a recognized list of high schools, principally in the larger towns and cities. This discriminated against the country boys and girls, who attended the high schools in the small towns. There are also two-year courses and the 10- weeks' winter courses, which are intended for those who can not take tne four-year course. Those interested in agricultural education should write to their state colleges at once for catalogs which will be furnished free. The address of the agricultural colleges in this part of the country are as follows: Ohio State University, Columbus, O.; Penna. State College, State College, Pa.; Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.; West Virginia University, Morgantown. W. Va.; Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.; Michigan Agricultural College, E. Lansing, Mich.; University of Illinois, Urbana, QL been received. This is the eighth annual report of this department and shows creditable progress in educating the people to the dangers of common causes of fire and in prosecuting cases of incendiarism and arson. The following table gives number of fires and the resulting loss for each during the past seven years: Year. No. of fires. Loss.

In the work of ferreting out and punishing persons charged with incendiarism during the past year, 1.24 arrests were made; 72 convicted, 13 acquitted, 32 plead guilty, and 48 cases were still pending December 31, 1907. The most destructive causes of fires and the number of fires caused by each in the state last year were as follows: Defective flues,498; unknown, 491; adjoining fires, 355; sparks from chimney, 352; carelessness with matches, 315; woodwork from stove, 199; lightning, 154: spontaneous combustion, 139; children with matches, 132: incendiary, 126; gasoline stove explosions. 119; sparks from locomotive, 119; smokers' carelessness, 92; gasoline explosions, 91; electric wires, 90; kerosene lamps exploded or upset, 85; gas explosions. 77. Defective construction and fittings were, responsible for 564 fires, and woodwork arouud heating and lighting equipment caused 363 fires. Stray sparks caused 578 fires; gas, 102; gasoline, 314 and kerosene, 126. Of the 154 fires caused by lightning fast year, 1.15 were barn and 26 dwelling fires. The total number of buildings burned by lightning in 1906 was 213, of which 59 were in towns. That lightninu losses are «*»- creasing is shown by the fact that 1904 had 123 such losses, 1905 bad 190. and 1906 had 213. Of the 500 lightning fires in and out of the state investigate d In th< fire marsh »l last year, no building had a modern lightning rod on it. The only rodded building struck and reported, was one on win. h the rod had been up 30 years. The ground ends of this rod were examined and were found to rest on a ledge of rock which drained the moisture away from the rod. The lightning rod committee of the Ohio Association of Farm Mutual Insurance companies examined samples of the rods made by the six manufacturers of rods in America, and found that each manufacturer was making rods which were ample protection against all ordinary thunderbolts. Various fire insurance companies are contemplating raising the rate on non-rodded buildings, or lowering rates on rodded buildings. Enough evidence is presented to convince every prudent property owner of the advisabi'.ity of protecting his buildings against lightning losses by erecting one of the various rods offered for sale. The great number of fires .resulting from a small blaze which could be controlled if taken in time, also suggests the advisability of having handy some of the many small fire extinguishers that are on the market. The figures show that many of these fires start from overturned lamps, etc., when some one must be close at hand. In many of these cases water is useless and means for smothering are not always available. It is here that the small chemical fire extinguishers are particularly valuable. They form a heavy gas -which acts like a blanket in smothering the blaze. They are comparatively cheap and will last a life time if not used. All farm buildings could be equipped at little cost, and if placed where they can be easily reached in case of fire the extinguishers may prevent many of the fires which are now so destructive. The report is free to all who request it of the State Fire Marshal, Columbus, O.

Politics. - During the past week political leaders have been busy with the preliminary- work of the Republican national convention which will be held at Chicago. The committee which has the "platform" under advisement met at Washington, June 2, and all of the provisions were discussed by President Roosevelt, Secretary Taft, Attorney General Ellis of Ohio, Senator Hopkins of Illinois. Senator Long of Kansas, and a few others. The platform was written by Atty. Gen'l Ellis. It will contain a plank pertaining to tariff revision and will be progressive in every way; will embody Secretary Taft's ideas regarding the administration of the island possessions; endorse the emergency currency legislation recently passed by Congress; contain a plank relating to trusts and combinations according to the views of the progressive wing of the party; insist on the conservation of the nation's natural resources, etc. It is altogether probable that Secretary Taft will receive the nomination upon the first ballot. Other candidates have opened headquarters at Chicago, however, and are hoping for some turn of sentiment that will give them a foothold upon which to wage a fight for the nomination. Foraker, Cannon. Fairbanks and others, known as the allies, will work for themselves and against Taft. All renomination talk is banished by President Roosevelt's announcement that he has arranged for a year's trip in Africa where he will hunt big game. With his son Kermit. he will sail for Cairo next April. The two men being most prominently mentioned as candidates for the nomination for vice president on the Democratic ticket are John Mitchell, former head of the mine workers' union, and John Hays Hammond, a prominent mining engineer. Official returns from the Iowa primaries give Senator W. B. Allison a majority of 9.373 votes over Gov. A. B. Cummins, for the Republican nomination for U. S. Senator.

Catastrophes. - A terrible cyclone swept southern Nebraska and northern Kansas, June 5. and on June 6 the number of deaths reported had reached 21. There Was heavy damage to crops, stock and farm buildings. There were two storms that came as a climax to several smaller ones. - The most serious race battle in recent years took place at El Reno. Okla., June 6. when 1.000 white men battled with 500 negroes. The latter were led by a fugitive who had killed the sheriff the night before, when he was pursuing him on the charge of murder. In the battle six white men and a dozen negroes wereslain. - Twenty -three men are reported missing, and possibly dead, in a mine building destroyed by fire at Silverton. Col.. June 6. - Two cars crashed together on the Washington. Baltimore and Annapolis trolley line. June 6; nine persons killed and many injured.

Four masked robbers held the town of Cuba. Kans.. at bay, June 1. while they robbed the bank of between $6,000 and 8,000 in gold and bank notes.

Died. - Gen. Sir Redvers Henry Buller, prominent British army officer, at London, June 2. aged 69. He entered the army in 1858. served in China. South Africa and Egypt; was under secretary for Ireland in 1887. Went to South Africa in 1899. and became prominent thru his work in relieving the garrison at Ladysmith. Afterwards he expelled the Boers from Natal.

It is said that a case now being prepared against the Standard Oil Co.. can cost the big combination $68,000,000 if the maximum fines are imposed. The new case will involve more than 3.400 counts.

A Canadian steamer arrived at Victoria, B. C, June 4. brought news of the destruction of a pearling fleet by a typhoon off West Australia, in which about 270 lives were lost.

It has been discovered that there is nothing in the recently-enacted Aldrich- Vreeland currency law to prevent the issuing of clearing house certificates, just as was done in the recent financial stringency. This sort of currency remains untaxed, while that provided for by the new law is subject to a 5-percent tax.

The proposed increase in freight rates which was to have been made July 1. has been abandoned by the Eastern railroads, according to an announcement recently made by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The increase would have meant a raise in freight rates aggregating $100,- 000,000.

A bad accident occurred on board the U. S. armored cruiser Tennessee. June 5. during a speed trial off Port Huenene, Cal. A steam pipe burst under 265 pounds pressure, killing 5 men and injuring several others, some of whom may die.

Japan is having more trouble in Korea, where the spirit of insurrection is abroad among the natives. During nine days ending June 4. 69 engagements took place between Japanese and Korean troops, in which 372 Koreans were killed and 55 taken prisoners.

Colcmbcs Letter

The figures given in the official report of the State Department of Agriculture, dealing with the condition of crops on the first of June, confirm the estimates made in this correspondence a week previously, which placed the estimated yield in Ohio in excess of 33.000.000 bushels. The report of the Department of Agriculture also gives favorable indications for other crops. N. E. Shaw, chief nursery and orchard inspector, who has been traveling in all parts of the state, says the prospects for fruit. particularly peaches and berries, never were better. This is especially true, he says, in southern Ohio, and in Ottawa County, the latter being an exception to the general rule among the northern counties. The growers are somewhat concerned about procuring sufficient baskets for the crop, but makers are working over time, so it is probable the supply of baskets will be ample to meet the demands of the unusually large crop, by the time peaches are ripe. Apples have been damaged somewhat by the heavy rains, but the nursery and orchard inspector thinks there will be a fair crop. The berry crops in the southern part of the state promise to exceed all expectations.

Troops will be recalled fVom the tobacco-growing regions in a few days, for it is not thought their presence will be necessary after the crop is planted, and the work of planting was proceeding rapidly last week. The adjutant general, however, will continue to use the services of civilians, under the provisions of the act appropriating a $10,000 secret service fund for his department for the express purpose of combatting the depredations of the night riders. The. manner in which this secret service money is being used is carefully concealed, of course, for publicity might defeat the ends sought to be accomplished.

Grand Army members will be gratified by the appointment, last week, of Gen. W. S. Rogers- of Cleveland, to be state fire marshal. The appointment was a personal one of the Governor, the political organization favoring another candidate, as did the insurance companies from which the funds for the conduct of the fire marshal's department are collected. - Hal D. Landon. June 6, 1908.

The following report represents the average condition of crops and live stock, as estimated from the returns received from the regular township crop correspondents of the Ohio Department of Agriculture:

Prospect compared with an average: Wheat, 94 percent; winter barley, 91 percent; spring barley. 90 percent; rye, 92 percent; oats, 89 percent; clQver. 98 percent; timothy, 95 percent. Timothy damaged by grub worm, 1.28 percent.

Hogs. - To be fed for summer markets, 42 percent; condition compared with an average. 90 percent; spring pigs, saved compared with an average. 90 percent.

During the greater part of the month of May weather conditions were most favorable to wheat growth and the prospect as now estimated by the correspondents shows an improvement of 2 percent over the prospect reported one month ago. or 94 percent compared with an average. This is a most excellent showing and assures a heavy average yield per acre, altho. as stated in previous reports, the total area seeded is below an average, which fact must be taken into consideration in anticipating the total yield of the harvest. The prospect over the state is quite uniform, not a county in the state reporting it at less than 80 percent, while last year at this time there was a wide variance in percentage estimates, ranging from 15 percent to 96 percent. On May 1. 1907. the average wheat prospect for the state as a whole was estimated at 77 percent, while for that harvest there was produced an estimated average of 15.4 bushels per acre. By comparison with the present report it is shown that wheat prospects in Ohio are most encouraging.

The scarcity of corn - consequently its high market value - accounts for the small average number of hogs being fed for summer markets. Their condition is reported at 90 percent compared with an average.

BUSINESS AND CROP NOTES. Dun's Review of June 6, says: "Improvement continues in commercial channels, increased manufacturing activity and seasonable weather being the dominant influences of the past week. There is less idle machinery in all leading industries and retail trade quickly lesponds to increased pay rolls. Mercantile collections are more prompt. While the first week in June compares very favorably with any previous week this year, there still appears a large decrease in comparison with the same week in 1907. Railroad earnings in May were 21.6 percent less than last year, and ii.ii>i!iti0a of commercial failures were $3,677.!'7I larger. Foreign commerce' at New York City, for last week, showed a gain of $5 - 674.302 in exports, and a loss of $529. 2('7 in imports as compared with the same week last year. A lower price of steel bars was the most notable event of last week in the iron and steel industry and had a noticeable effect upon business conditions. Commercial failures in the United States for the week were 295, compared with 198 last year, and 44 in Canada compared with 21 a year ago. The total number of failures in May was 1.- 103. the largest ever reported for that month.

Bradstreet's summary of the crop conditions for the week is as follows: Conditions are irregular, owing to rains and floods. Early promises are not maintained, altho conditions generally are better than last year. Immense hay crop in prospect. Fine spring wheat conditions. Corn planting seriously delayed in surplus states. Winter wheat deteriorated. Cotton west of Mississippi River backward; conditions better eastward. Fruit outlook good.

Altho crop prospects of early growing season are not as good as a week ago, conditions are still much better than year ago. Hay and spring wheat promise best, while cotton and corn are poorest; winter wheat and oats are in the intermediate stage. Too much rain has fallen in the .Central West. Southwest and Northwest, and warm, dry weather is urgently needed. Kansas wheat estimates are being reduced owing to rust and fly damages. Corn planting has been delayed in Iowa and neighboring states and the increase in acreage will not be as large as first estimated.

Prices of wheat declined considerably during the week. Good crop news and small export demands contributed to the reaction, and there is a tendency to defer buying until after the official reports for the month appear. Corn held firm at record prices. Wet weather and small stocks in sight kept the corn options about 15 cents higher than a year ago. Corn has been imported from Argentina, a hitherto unheard of event.

Mr. Andrew Carnegie, in an address given at Washington, D. C, May 13, said as follows, regarding the rate of consumption of coal: "Unless there be careful husbanding or revolutionizing inventions, or some unforseen industrial revolution, the greater part of our original heritage of coal will be gone before the end of the next century. The estimated original supply in the U. S., was 2,500 billion tons; actual consumption to date, 7.500 million tons; waste and destruction to date. 9 billion tons. The production in 1907 was 450 million tons. At the present rate of increase the production in 1917 will be 900 millions tons; in 1927 will be 1,800 million tons, and in 1937 will be 3.500 million tons. Of all the coal burned in the power plants not more than 5 to 10 percent of the potential energy is actually used. The remainder is absorbed in rendering the smaller fraction available in actual work. In ordinary electric light plants hardly one-fifth of one percent of the energy of coal is actually utilized.

The Agricultural Guild of the University of Chicago has been organized to give practical training in agriculture. Its work will be done on farms near the city and the practical work will be supplemented by university training in economics and farm management. It is hoped eventually to develop a school of agriculture of the University.

A veterinary school of the University of Illinois will soon be opened at the Chicago Union Stock Yards. A 99-year lease has been secured for necessary land. The packing-house interests have contributed $250,000 for buildings and equipment. and a state appropriation of $35,000 will be available ror maintenance.

- Fine White Cambric - deep flouncing of hemstitched tucks, deep embroidery with lace edge - Petticoats that plainly show the effect of exacting buying and low pricing.

Make up an order sufficient to avail yourself of our shipping privileges and let us demonstrate to you personally the price advantages of the June Sale.

Boggs & Buhl

Batavia. N. Y.. April 2. 1908. We have been flooded with requests, from the notice that appeared in the Ohio Farmer. - The Johnston Harvester Co.

Ripley, O.. April 22. 1908. Please notify your readers that we are entirely sold out of seed corn, and are returning orders for hundreds of bu-hels. due to our advertising in the Ohio Farmer. - H. E. Tweed.

Everett. O.. April 7. 1908. Please insert the enclosed Angus bull calf adv. two times. Last year I adv. one in your paper and at once received two cash orders for him. - J. F. Griffith.

Findlay. O.. April IS. 19QS. Our adv. of Duroc-Jersey swine. In the Ohio Farmer, did us a great deal of good, and we will be with you again in the fall. - Miller ^-Sheldon.

Blanchester. O.. May 1. 1908. Continue our poultry adv. another thirteen weeks, as it has brought good results. - Level Stock and Poultry Farms.

Canada Lands

We will run excursions for Landseekers to all points in Saskatchewan where we are offering for sale the choicest lands in Western Canada at right prices and easy terms, leaving St. Paul every Wednesday afternoon in June. Fare for round trip twenty dollars - fare refunded ail buyers. Prospects were never better for a bumper crop in Canada. Go with us and see it grow. Write for maps and pamphlet or come at once.

Made By P.. E. D I Etz Com Pa Ny Niw York

William Jennings Bryan will be the Democratic candidate for Presidentof the fnited States! Hii treat new book, "THE OLD WORLD AND ITS WAYS," sells like wildfire. Agents make 120 to $50 a week. Here's yonr chance! Exclusive territory. Outfit free. Send 25c for mailine. Address Manager, The Thompson Publish'? Co. St. Louis.

Needing

Winted_POS,TION AS MANAGER or atsistant on a farm or estate, by an experienced agricultural college graduate; good refs. Address Box B6-13. Ohio Farmer, Cleveland, <>.

Dairy Notes

Making Dairy Butter. - The increasing tendency of the milk business in Delaware Co., New York, to supplant the old-time butter dairies, for which we were so much noted in former years, has been so marked in recent* years that in most of our towns there are few neighborhoods where a sufficient supply of butter for family use is produced. And whatever may be said as to the excellent quality of the creamery butter as compared with that made in J.he old-fashioned dairy, the majority of farmers and their families still retain a preference for the dairy-made product. Hence the good butter maker in the private dairy is often able to secure a home market at remunerative prices, and when the additional advantage of a milk supply for calves, pigs and poultry kept upon the farm is taken into the account, the profits in the aggregate are often found to exceed what would have been secured from the sale of the milk. And, certainly the question of added fertility from thus feeding out the skim-milk upon the farm is a consideration of value that should not be overlooked.

Methods of Applying Manure. - Apropos to this question Of farm fertility, one of the most important questions today for our Eastern farmers, if not in fact the most important in any part of the country, is the custom of hauling' out and applying the manure. Daily hauling from the. stables, as made during the winter, is quite generally followed here, and is believed by all our best farmers to give most satisfactory results. Occasionally, however, a farmer is yet found who either throws it out under the eaves to lay until spring or summer, when it is drawn to the fields and spread; or what is little better, it is drawn out. in winter and piled in small piles upon the field to be spread when the land is plowed or dragged in spring. This latter method is certainly a very wasteful practice as may be readily noted by observation of the effect on a field where manure has been thus applied. Crossing one of our best located dairy farms on foot last season in midsummer, I was particularly impressed by noting the too evident effect of this mode of application of barn manure on a piece of millet, at that time nearly ready to harvest.

Immediately under where each pile of the manure had evidently laid was a little patch, some three or four feet across, where the millet was of fair growth, but yellow and sickly as compared with that in a circle of perhaps two feet in width next the outside this center. This was rank and very strong in growth, almost black in color and with well-filled heads cf unusual size and length. From here again, out to the margin of the circle that had been reached in spreading the manure from each pile, the growth dwindled gradually down to almost nothing, and the whole field of several acres presented a spotted appearance. I have frequently noted a condition similar to this in various crops, but never before to the extent it was shown here, where one could easily count the manure heaps that had lain upon this field as far as the field could be plainly seen.

Potato Culture an Adjunct to the Dairy. - One of our most successful dairymen here has for years past given considerable attention to growing potatoes for market, a line of farming t hat. in a commercial way, has received very little attention in this locality. He believes it may be made a very profitable adjunct to the dairy, even on our hill farms. Whenever prices have ruled so low as not to return a fair profit for hauling away for market, he believes he receives excellent returns from feeding the potatoes to his dairy cows. If carefully and judiciously fed, he believes they will always pay for growing as a cattle feed, and when the market price rules high, as it frequently does, no other farm crop will give better returns for labor and capital invested.

Feeding Turnips for Milk Production. - Another very successful dairyman and milk producer is a strong advocate of the use of turnips as a dairy feed, and grows usually from 1.200 to

1,800 or 2,000 bushels each season, which he feeds freely to his milch cows and without any ill effect on quality of the milk. On one occasion some years since when he was furnishing milk to one of the creameries which objects to silage feeding, .ien their milk inspector visited his place he was very definite in his restrictions as to feeding of ensilage. Our friend told the inspector that he would not open the silo without their consent. Nothing, howevt., was said at that time about the feeding of turnips. A few weeks after this, in an interview with the milk inspector.the latter commended him for the quality of his milk, but again repeated the restrictions as to ensilage, and at this time included turnips also in the forbidden feeds. Our frien said: "But I have been feeding turnips regularly for some weeks past and you have been unable to detect it in my milk, so I think I shall continue to feed them as I have been doing." He says that if they are fed immediately after the milking is done, the milk having been immediately removed from the stable after it is drawn from the udder, he knows it is impossible for any one to tell in the milk at the next milking that turnips have been fed the cows, and he finds them a very valuable feed for- calves and young growing stock.

Corn Fodder and Buckwheat. - Another well-known Delaware County farmer and milk producer of long experience, and a patron of the creamery which prohibits ensilage feeding, finds the fodder corn crop too valuable as a supplementary dairy feed to be excluded from his cattle rations. Hence he grows largely o_ this crop, his land much of it being particularly well adapted to corn. He cuts it and sets it up in large shocks which he leaves standing in the field until fed, drawing it in and cutting it with horse power each day as used. He cuts up each day's ration the day previous, and lets it stand and heat in the pile after mixing in the grain ration for the following day. He believes by this treatment that he gets a feed almost if not quite equal to good ensilage, with none of its objectionable qualities.

He is also an ardent believer in the value of green or partly ripened buckwheat as a feed for milk and butter production. His attention was first called to its use for this purpose some years ago, when he was yet making butter at home upon the farm. Quite a large field of late-sown buckwheat was injured by frost, and as it would not have ripened after that sufficient to harvest profitably for the grain, he turned in his cows and pastured it off, being careful not to let them overfeed at first. The results were so satisfactory that he has always since then had a good opinion of its value as a cattle feed, and he has used it to considerable extent for that purpose aud always with good results.

One Solution of the Help Problem. - One of our dairymen, in seeking a solution of this, one of the great problems of today that is vexing the minds of our Eastern dairymen, has adopted the change from milk selling to the fattening of veal calves for uie New York market. After several years.' trial of the plan he is well pleased with the result of his experience. He finds that he is able to carry on his farm and dairy work with considerable less help on account of the saving of time in milking and carting his milk to the creamery. The net results are equally good or better than under the old system.

Destruction of Brakes in Pastures. - The question of the destruction of brakes in pasture lands is one of a good deal of importance to many of our Delaware County farmers. Destroying them by salting, pasturing with sheep, etc., etc.. has been recommended among various other remedies, none of which have proven entirely successful in all cases where tried. Mr. Win. J. Thompson of our county has been very successful in their eradication by the following method: He first mows off the brakes in the month of June, as near the end of that month as he can. Then again in September of each season. By this means he succeeds, after a few seasons' treatment, in practically subduing them, and by sowing grass seed upon the fields on which they have grown, the land usually being too rough and stony to plow

Perfect Self Oi}m% Fewest Bowl Parts - 1 Bottom Feed Quickest Cleaned , Plain Smooth Bowl Least Weight Bowl You can't avoid seeing these differences if you look at and compare separators.

Now as to whether they are an advantage: (1) Ask people who have tried several kinds of separators: (2) Try out a Tubular and other separators in your dairy.

Then you'll know why the Tubular is different from and better than Other cream separators, why it is in a class alone, why it belongs to the XXth Century, while others are of the XlXth.

These are plain reasons, which your own eyes may prove, if you choose, and this sure and safe knowledge will cost you nothing. Send for Catalog No. 151.

The Sharples Separator Co Factory Cost And One Small Profit

The bicycle is coming back to its old popularity, and more wheels will be sold this year, than in the last eight years put together. For recreation or business it has a distinct place not filled by anything else, and there is no place where its actual worth is so apparent, as upon the farm.

Speedway Special Bicycles are built for us in one of the largest bicycle factories in the world, and under their right name would be instantly recognized by every old-time rider, but to make our low prices upon them, we have to sell them under this special name as under their regular name they sell for $50 to $75 and are equal to the wheels that sold for as high as $150.

Ball Bearing Thruout

The workmanship, materials and cles are of the very highest quality ly built to stand long wear, the th enameled parts are baked, and all ni plate to avoid peeling.

Your choice of either Corbin, . .orrow. New Departure, or Musselman coaster brakes. Coaster brakes give the rider complete control of the wheel. Back pressure on the pedals, applies the break to the hub In the rear wheel, forward pressure releases the brake, and coasting can be done without the pedals moving.

We will give the Speedway special with coaster brake free for a club of only »0 subscriptions to the Ohio Farmer at 75 cents each or without and seed, he finally succeeds in securing a good stand of pasturage in their place! "But," says Mr. Thompson, "be careful not to cut these brakes in September, unless they have been cut the previous June, or, if you do, be sure and draw them off at once when they are cut. I mowed them 'one year in September and did far more hurt than good, as by leaving them upon the land,' they seeded it anew with another and largely increased brake crop." He thinks, on land that is fairly smooth and where the brakes can be cut below the leaf, about four mowings (mowing each year for two years) will kill them out, or nearly so at least. But of course among stones and rocks it will take longer to clear the land of the brakes. By sowing grass seed freely about the time the snow goes off in spring, upon these patches, he is able, after a little time, to establish a good sod where the brakes have grown, adding largely to the value of his pasture lands. - E. J. Brownell, Delaware Co., N. Y.

Jersey Cattle Sale

We desire to call attention to the Auction Sale of Jersey Cattle, to be held at Plain Center Farm, Canton.O., June 18, at 10 A. M. The farm is 4 miles north of Canton. Mr. Wm. J. Pontius, the proprietor, is a prominent dairyman, whose reputation is excellent. He and his brother . ave a fine Jersey calf as a prize for dairy butter at the last contest held by the Ohio Dairymen's Asso'n. This is your chance to recruit your dairy herd. See adv. elsewhere in this issue.

Sugar Beets for Sheep. - Are sugar beets good for sheep ?I have been feeding sugar beet pulp for some time with good results and thought that sugar beets might be better. G. D. S., Boughtonville, O. - Roots are very good for sheep but sugar beets have not been found particularly better than other roots. English farmers depend very largely upon roots for winter sheep feed, but they usually grow mangels and rutabagas for the purpose. They claim that mangels are from 20 to 30 percent better than sugar beets in making gains and are also better for wool production. The Colorado Experiment Station found that whole beets gave about the same gains as the wet sugar beet pulp.

The other evening, while out in my automobile. I met a friend whose auto had been disabled, so I said I would tow him home. We had no rope and the only thing available was a pair of Overalls made by Sweet-Orr & Co. I always wear a pair of overalls when making repairs. The man in the disabled car took hold of one leg and a man in my car the other leg. The overalls actually towed this car which, with the weight of the two persons, made a combined weight of over two thousand pounds. We came in this manner from Fort Washington, Pa., into Nori istown. Pa., a distance Of eight to nine miles. This is an actual fact, and can be proven by six men besides myself. - J. F. Smith, Bridgeport, Pa.

The Blizzard Ensilage Cutter needs no introduction to the average farmer. dairyman and cattle raiser. For many years the Jos. Dick Agricultural Works. Canton. Ohio, have been producing this cutter, and many thousands are in use. It cuts hay. straw, feed. etc.. and elevates it to any hight. It has a wind elevator and comes either mounted or unmounted. It is strong, durable, economical, and is fully guaranteed. The new illustrated catalog 66. is now ready and will be sent free if you mention Ohio Farmer. Address Jos. Dick Agr'I Wks., Canton. O.

The best way to know what you are buying in a ready roofing is to get a piece of it in your hands. The manufacturers of Congo Roofing make a great feature of their sample distribution, because they consider a piece of Congo Roofing to be the best advertisement they can get. If you are interested in ready roofing get a sample of Congo without charge. Drop a postal, and it will come by return mail. Address The United Roofing & Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco.

The Belle City Incubator Company of Racine. Wisconsin, are selling a 120-egg Incubator for $7.15. and a 100-ehick hot water Brooder. $4.35. Both of the above ordered together will be shipped upon receipt of $11. If further particulars are desired, write for full particulars to Belle City Incubator Co., Box 16. Racine, Wis.

Here's more proof of the superiority of the American Agricultural machines. At the Agricultural Show held recently in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, the Walter A. Wood Mowing & Reaping Machine Co. of Hoosick Falls. N. Y.. was awarded first prize on their Binder, Reaper and Mower.

ItST"" Guaranteed to skim clos2r than anv separator in Itu world. Sold direct from the factory. We are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of hand separators in America, You save all accnts'. dealers' and even mail order houst) routs. We have the most bcral 30 DAYS' TRIAL, cltlit prepaid oiler. Write _^for It today. Our new »low down, waist I i ii separator Is the finest, hlelicst quality machine on the market; no other separator compares with it In close skimming, ease of cleaning, easy running, slrn- i m Pll' lty. strength or quality. f£ * xfijr * Our ov.-n (the maiiufartur- -VlES^ - 4 ' ' ' -U:iralit' \>r-<u < \ I Sion every A'rtllRIC AN

Stanchion

Thou hands have Untitled to Its simplicity, completeness and] durability, anions them £xkOovernor Hoard Ot Wliu*onf Ain, who writes: **I have in-en [very much lmprewed with ih»* I practical excellence of your lutanehtons.' Shipped subject ft© thirty days' trial. Send for -dcHcripii ve pamphlet. Add r.

Chicago Illinois

In your home, If noC as represented return fttour expense. Mora satisfactory than % ' 8100 Separator. Uuna Itself, raises cream quickly. Gets Mors Cream, keeps milk and cream sweet during hotest weather, no skimming or crocks and pans to handle. 60,000 Gravity Separators sold In 1907. More lioHsthau any other kind- Price $3.25 and up. Write today 1 >c tree Catalogue. " It will save you money. 8LUFFT0N CREAM SEPARATOR CO. BOX F BLUFFTON, 0-

Cooler-Aerator

Cools milk to keep 2 1 to 4* bourn longer than o«ual Cooling Method*. Stops growth or souriog bacteria. Only type Of cooler that cools, aerates milk tu one operation, absolutely removing "cowy" taste, am- ' heat and utlurs. Needs no watching. 16 years ou market. Every sire freeou trial. Catulug. Write to-day.

The sterilized air treatment for Milk Fever has cured 96.7 percent of cases treated, is recommended by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, and its use absolutely insures you against loss from this common dairy disease, which always attacks the heaviest milking and most \ uable cows. The improved Ohio Farm >r outfit has new style milk tube, with, valve, and no rubber parts except the tubing. Complete outfit, ready to use. with full instructions, by express, prepaid, for only or with Ohio Farmer 3 years. $3. By mail, postpaid, at purchaser's risk, if preferred, or add 8 cents for registered mail. Circular free. Address THE OHIO FARMER, Cleveland, O.

THEY are not only the HAS BEENS but are the LEADING Cream Separators TODAY. If you purchase a cream separator because it was considered a very good one 20 years ago, you may get the poorest one on the market today.

Most manufacturers have not improved their make and are trying to sell old and out-of-date machines relying entirely on the reputation of having had a standard make several years ago.

Awarded Only Gold Medal

Write for our large and illustrated catalog which will tell you how to make your dairying profitable and how a cream separator should be constructed to be durable. A postal will bring it.

Cattle had a wonderful boom last week owing to the remarkably small offerings; the requirements of the trade were no laiger. Washouts down in Texas checked the marketing of grass-fed cattie from that region, and farm-fed cattle were shipped in sparingly. Prices averaged 50©60c higher, with some sales of prime butcher stock as much as $1 per cwt. higher. Beef steers went at $5©6 for an undesirable kind and $7.50©7.75 for strictly prime heavy shipping lots, with a good class selling at $7©7.45, and a medium grade at $6.50®6.95. It was a wildly excited market, and live stock commission firms had no hesitancy in advising their country patrons to take advantage of the high prices and ship at once, altho they admitted that the boom was likely to start in enough cattle this week to bring about a reaction. Texas grass cattle are expected to be much more plentiful from now on, and before the week wf.s over butcher stock developed weakness. Cows and heifers sold during the week at $3.6007; canners and cutters. $1.75@3.50; bulls, $3.40@6. Calves were in smaller supply and demand at $4.S0@5.75. inferior calves going at $2.50 ©4.75. Milkers and springers were scarce and readily salable at $25@60 per head, the demand being principally for a good grade of cows for shipment East. There was extremely little doing in stockers and feeders simply because the advanced prices failed to bring any considerable number to market. Sales were made at a range of $3.2505.40. comparatively few going above $5. Distillery-fed cattle were marketed freely, as it was regarded as a good market. Larger offerings today caused declines of 10@15c in beef cattle, with some sales of butcher stock at a greater reduction, but choice beeves were no lower. Prime Nebraska branded and dehorned steers, $7.75.

Hogs were marketed moderately on the whole last week; outside competition from Eastern shippers was far from strong. The worst feature undoubtedly was the continued liberal receipts at Missouri River markets, indicating that there are a good many swine left in that territory. The most encouraging factor was the greater freedom with which the big Chicago packers purchased hogs on iseveral days. As usual, a great many little pigs were shipped in, and they were invariably extremely bad sellers, plenty going around $4.15®4.50 per cwt. Stocks of provisions in Chicago and other Weston warehouses made a big showing, altho published figures show that Western packing since March 1 is 295.000 hogs short of the corresponding period last year. Recent receipts of hogs have averaged 218 lb., compared with 235 lb. a year ago and 226 lb. two years ago. Expectations are that there will be no marked changes in prices this week.Hogs were active today and 5c higher, with sales at $5.20®5.62>/2. prime light hogs selling as high as the best butcher weights.

Sheep and lambs sold worse than ever last week as a result of the unusually liberal receipts, lambs making up the great bulk of the daily offerings. There was a great scarcity of spring lambs, but clipped flocks of lambs, as well as Colorado wooled lambs, were in enormous supplv and declined rapidly, with a poor demand from local buyers and shippers. Feeders have been losing lots of money on their recent marketings, and the only solace was that the meager supply of beef was starting up a little better inquiry for mutton in some quarters. Western feeding lambs sold readily at $4 11© 4.75; a few breeding ewes. $4(3)5; prime 125-lb. export wethers. $5; clipped sheep from $5 down to $3 for common ewes; wethers usually $4.50 and upward;wooled lambs, $5.75®6.15; clipped lambs. $4© 5.65. Smaller receipts today caused a sharp advance in lambs, clipped selling ;it $4.25®5.85; wooled at $5.75®6.50.Sheep were firmer.

Horses have been offered in much Smaller numbers than a few weeks ago. as well as much less freely than a year ago, but this has failed to put prices Higher, as the general demand Is of the slow summer character. Good drivers, fair sale. $150®350 per -head; Shetland ponies free sellers. $75 fa 150, ehi. tlv at $100©126. Heavy drafters moving off slowlv at $175<ir2:f0 and up to $275 for extra weight and finish. Good chunks wanted for Eastern shipment at $16011 215. villi the greater part selling at $175® 190. - F.

Chicago Top Prices A Tear Ago Our Buffalo Letter

Receipts of cattle after Monday were extremely light, about live cars. Early in the week prices were about steady, but Saturday the feeling was strong and higher prices predicted. Receipts of hogs after Monday moderate and demand fair. Prices about 10c lower than Monday except on Tuesday, which was high day of the week and good hogs sold up to $6. Saturday about everything was cleaned up. pigs selling at $5.25; all other grades, $5.70@5.80. Receipts of sheep and lambs after Monday, good. Demand rather poor and prices 10©15 cents lower than opening day. Sheep in light receipt; prices about steady. Receipts of calves were moderate, demand good. Prices strong as" compared with Monday. Saturday's closing quotations. $7. with a few choice veals selling as high as $7.25.

With very light receipts of 2,375 head of cattle today and a red-hot demand, prices ran from 25 to 50 cents higher than last Monday. There were about 10 cars of shipping and export steers among the offerings, the top sale for the day being on one load of these, averaging 1.460 lb., at $7.80. The advance on mixed butcher cattle was about a quarter. Choice prime heifers quotable at $6. 50© 6.75. Good cows shared the advance. two loads ranging from $5 to $6.25. Fair to medium cows sold from $5 to $5.50. There were about 8 loads of stockers and feeders on the market; from 15 to 25c higher. Plenty of sales made at $5.25. Bulls in light supply; good fat ones advanced 25 to 40c; medium and grassy kinds only steady. Choice fresh cows and springers, good demand, about $3.50 higher; commoner ones slow and about $2.50 lower.

With 12.800 head of hogs on sale today and a good demand, prices were 5 to 10c higher than Saturday's close. At the opening good weight hogs were $5.85. but the market soon strengthened and buvers had to pay $5.90 for the same kind. Pigs sold from $5.25 to $5.30. A fair clearance was effected at the close.

There was a light run of sheep and lambs today - 5.200 head. With a very good demand choice lambs sold 25 to 40 cents higher than Saturday, top for the day being $6.40; the bulk went at $6.25. Best cull lambs. $5.25 to $5.50. Sheep in good demand, and prices a strong quarter higher. Best price paid for wethers was $5.25; a few fancy ewes. $4.75.

There were 2.400 head of calves on sale today; demand good and trading active. Prices steadv as compared with Saturday. Choice veals, $7(5)7.25. Best culls, $6@6.25.

Cincinnati Live Stock

Sheep. - The supply of sheep and lambs was 20 double-deck loads. The bulk was clipped lambs, for which the demand was light, and the market ruled slow at about steady prices on the choice grades; other grades were lower. Sheep and spring lambs were in light supply, and the market ruled active and 15c per cwt. higher on sheep and a shade stronger on spring lambs.

Pittsburg Top Prices A Year Ago

Hnion Stock Yards. Pittsburg. Pa.. June 8. 1908. Cattle. - The supply on sale today was 80 loads, against the same number last week. With a good demand the market ruled active and 25 to 35 cents per cwt. higher on the choice good weights in drv-fed lots. Grass cattle sold 15 to 25c per cwt. higher. Light cattle sold at the least advance, the better weight cattle being In the better demand. Bulls sold about steady while cows sold stronger. Fat heifers with weight sold 25c higher. Fresh cows and springers were In largest Supply of season and sold from $5 to $7.50 per head lower.

Cattle active and strong. Calves active and steady. Sheep and lambs very slow at about steady values. Hogs active at a decline of 5 to 10c from last week's quotations, but higher than they were selling at the end of the week.

Cleveland Top Prices A Tsar Ago

There is a sttady demand for best giadcs of creamery butter and prices are 2 cents higher than a week ago. Receipts are good. Old cheese Is steady under about the same demand as a year a^o. New cheese is In better demand and higher. Eggs are growing firmer. Strictly first-class stock is rather scarce and prices correspondingly higher. Both live and dressed poultry is quiet and steady. Beans are very quiet. Strictly choice potatoes are scarce and higher. Old potatoes draggy. Other vegetables active at about steady prices. Apples are selling slowly, but other fruit fairly active.

Pork Packing And Provision'S

The Cincinnati Price Current of June 4 reports 545.000 hogs killed in the West last week, compared with 595.000 week 1 before, 580.000 two weeks ago and 545.000 I a year ago. The total from March 1 is approximately 6.700.000, against 6,975,000 | a year ago - a decrease of 275.000. Prices ' were steady during the week, the general closing price at prominent markets being $5.30 per cwt, as compared with $5.30 last week, $5.45 two weeks ago. $6.20 a year ago. $6.35 two years ago and $5.25 three years ago. The speculative provision market was rather quiet during the past week, but prices showed an upward tendency, July pork was lowest at $13.62^; highest at $13.80. closing at $13.75 against $13.77% a week ago and $16.20 a year ago. The week's export clearances were as follows: Total meats. 9.960,000 lb. against 11.858.000 lb. last year. Lard. 7.853.000 lb. compared with 8.023.000 lb. a year ago.

The American Wool and Cotton Reporter of June 4 says: Nothing new has transpired in the local wool market and the general condition remains "spotty." There are a few good sales, but generally buying is of a piecemeal character and there are no indications of immediate improvement. Dealers are taking some wool consignments but when all things are considered there Is little enthusiasm in this system. Wools have to be particularly well graded to sell to advantage and already rejections run as high a- 5 percent. The future of the wool business is entirely up to the growers. If they hope to get big profits they must give a better wool. They must develop the quality of their flocks so that the proportion of staple wool will be considerably larger than at the present time. Fleeces show the greatest amount of activity at present. The market is pretty "weB (leaned up on desirable fleeces, and there has been a slightly firmer price lor choice lots. Among the sales were 250.- 000 quarters, selling from 22M;fa24e. and 100.000 three-eighths at 23V4fa~26c. Ohio, Pa. and W. Va. XX and above is quoted at 30@31c; do. X. 27®28c; do. No. 1. 31 @32c; do. No. 2. 30@31c. Ohio and Pa. fine delaines. 30@31c; unwashed delaines. 22®23c; unmerchantable delaines. 23® 24c; Mich, unwashed delaines. 21®23e.

Cotton Acreage And Condition

The Crop Reporting Board of the Btf r. .hi of Statistics of th>- Department «s Agriculture finds, from reports .>f correspondents and accnts of the Bureau that th. area planted to cotton In the United Staffs this season fl9M ag that already planted and eypertci t i» i lantrd. Is about one-tenth of one percent greater than the ares planted to rottna lavt year (19071. thus indicating an are* of 82.0S1.000 acres ;«* cei.pir. d with 32,- 0<0 000 acres planted last year, an Increase of 21.000 acres. The conditio* OT the growing crop on May 25 wa« 79.7 percent of a normal, as compared with T0.t and S4.S percent at corresponding date* in 1907 and 19<»6. respectively, and 8J.S Percent, the average of the condition on Mav 25 of the past ten years. - C. C Clark. Aetlng Chief of Bureau, Chairman.

Cleveland, O., June 9. 1908. Butter and eggs are Arm at last week's prices. Cheese is steady with little moving. Poultry is dull. Grains are a little lower than last week's high prices. Flour and feed are steady and unchanged under light demand. Hay is arriving very freely, much of it of a low quality, and all at lower prices. Inferior hay is hard to place at any price. Seeds are quiet except millet and all steady. New potatoes are scarce and higher; old potatoes steady. Other vegetables only fairly active. Early fruits arriving in good condition and meet steady sale. Provisions quiet and unchanged.

Lime and Cement - Per bbl.. in sacks, white lime, 75c; Akron cement. 80e;Louisville, 75c; Portland. $1.55. Agricultural Lime. - Ground bvirnt lime. $4.00 ton, fn sacks, ground limestone, $1.25 ton, in bulk.

Hardware. Twine, Baskets, Bags

Baskets - %bu. split baskets, in less than 100 doz. lots 35c doz.; 100 doz. lots, or over. 30c per doz. Peck baskets lc per doz. less than %-bu. baskets.

Saline Co., HI., (S. C.) May 30. - Too much rain, interferes with all kinds of farm work. Not half the corn is planted and all bottom land too wet to work. Tobacco plants ready for transplanting1. Pastures good. Wheat fair. Meadows weedy. Work stock sold off closely and held at strong prices. The outlook for large yield of corn is rather gloomy. Corn sells nearly as high as wheat. - W. H. Thornberry.

Columbiana Co.. O., (N. E.) June 1. - Fair and warm; splendid growing weather. Stock all doing fine with plenty of good pasture. Wheat and hay crops will be heavy. Corn all planted. Wheat. 95c; corn. 75c; oats. 55c; baled hay. $12;baled straw, $7; hogs. 5%c; cows. _$45; horses, $175; calves, 6c; sheep, 4V2@6*c; potatoes, 60c; butter, 22c; eggs. 15c. Fine prospects for fruit of all kinds. Strawberries will be plenty and will begin to ripen next week. May was a wet month but the farmers got their work done and have their farms in good condition. A hundred barrel oil well was drilled in on the Weaver farm last week, two miles north of Homeworth. - D. W. Thomas.