Farmer Township (part 2 of 25)

It doesn't cost much - very low Homeseekers' fares are in effect each first and third Tuesday of each month to all points in the Pan Handle. Make the trip on the Rock Island-Frisco lines; they have four routes to the Fan Handle - each one goes thru a different part of the country.

I have got a lmok about T.-x.»s that's miKhty interesting reading! Another about Oklahoma! Still another about New Mexico! They will tell you a lot you want to know about the Pan Handle Country before you go down there. Do you want one for nothing?

Tli. Bock I«lan<1-Frisco Lines have no land for sale, and are only Interested In jr< tting good, energetic settlers for tho desirable, but unoccupied lands along their lines.

I have chosen several sections where conditions are especially favorable for new settlers, and I am advertising these sections. If you would prefer some other section than the Pan Handle country look for my advertisements In other Issues of this paper, or writ-- me for literature about the section you are most interested In.

John Sebastian

adapted to tobacco culture on the intensive plan. Field' after field may be seen covered for the protection of the tobacco. Posts are placed in rows across the field to support mosquito netting in one system, and in the other small narrow slats cover one-half the surface. The covering in ei<. .er case is high enough so that cultivation is not interfered with. The tobacco thus produced is thin in leaf and valuable as a cigar wrapper. Hie first quality is now - orth $1.15- per pound. Such land is selling at $45 and higher, owing to distance from town.

The Northerner is always impressed with many things characteristic of the south land, -such as cabins with no windows, double houses with an open entry or porch between them, underpinned houses, chimneys and stairways on the outside with the characteristic pig kept out of the front door only by its hight above the gioimd. An old iron kettle is seen by every house, where water is heated for washing, ani in places a number of such kettles may be seen by the side of a stream of water where the women go and visit while washing.

Jacksonville, with its annual arrival of sixty thousand tourists, is distinctly cosmopolitan. The beaten path of the tourist is one of robbery and extortion, and Jacksonville is no exception. After buying fruit in Jacksonville we found the same grade of bananas and oranges to be twice as much per dozen as in Cincinnati. All transportation from the south along the east coast is controlled by the Flagler interests, which it is claimed, accounts for high prices demanded by fruit sellers. No ocean vessels ply along the east coast and the Southern fruit grower in this rapidly growing district is at the mercy of the east coast canal or the single line of railway, both controlled by the same interests.

Jacksonville, altho 25 miles south on the St. Johns River, is in touch with New York by a direct line of steamships. There is daily boat service more than 100 miles farther south on this beautiful stream, nearly to the most noted orange region of the world. Christmas in Jacksonville compares with the over-drawn picture of the Northern 4th of July, with whisky and fire crackers in the lead. - W. M. Cook, Preble Co., O.

Patent. - I took out certain letters patent and sold the same to a corporation. By the terms of the agreement I am to receive a certain sum per dozen on each and every article sold until the purchase price has been realized, an accounting to be made at the end of each year. The agreement further provides that the corporation shall pay not less than $100 at the end of the first year and $150 at the end of each subsequent year until the purchase price has been paid. The company claims that it has not manufactured any of the articles and refuses to pay upon the ground that the clause providing for the $100 payment and the $150 payments is invalid. Can they be compelled to pay me? What notice must I send them, and when can I bring suit? P. T. L. - From the conditions that appear in your inquiry the company would be I liable to pay the sum of $100 at the end of the first year and $150 at the end of each subsequent year. It would not be necessary for you to render them any ' special form of account, and you can j bring suit any time after default is made. It is not safe! however, for you to proceed without submitting your entire contract to some competent attorney and securing his advice in regard to the matter, because the whole contract is to be considered in reaching a conclusion. - H. L. S.

Timothy and Herd s Grass. - Give the relative feed value of timothy hay. and timothy mixed with a small amount of herd's grass. Does it lessen the value of timothv hay to have a small proportion of herd's grass in it? Sub.. Washington, O. - In Pennsylvania, the South, and in the Eeastern states, redtop is called herd's grass. The nutritive ratio of redtop or herd's grass is 1 to 10.2. and of timothy, 1 to 16.2. Redtop has 4.82 percent of protein and timothy only 2.89 percent. Hence redtop is really the most valuable feed - more nutritious. But on the market timothy grade? higher. The presence of much redtop in timothy hay always lowers its market value. Where there is only a little of it. it is not usually taken into account.

Troy Chemical Co.. Binghamton. N. Y. - My fine Mohawk horse had a bad bone spavin about eight months. Tried other remedies without even relief, and finally heard of your cure. used a bottle, thought the' cure not quite complete, sent for second bottle. Used about a bottle and a half of "Save-the-Horse," and was about two months and a half doctoring him; he is completely cured, nimble as a j top; would take pleasure in showing him to any one. I worked the hor=e right along fit every kind of work, never tried to save him in the least. I consider this as bad a case of the kind as I ever saw. - 1. L. Fribley, Fredoriektown. O.

or a doctor or assistance of any sort at any time, a reliable telephone is a friend in need. It is a time-saver when time is most valuable ; often a life-saver in illness - a property-saver in fire or theft - a money-saver by furnishing latest market and weather reports. But you cannot get the full service, value and benefit of a telephone unless you have a reliable telephone - buy and use only made by Western Electric Company, and you will have in your line the reliability that comes from 30 years' experience in the making of telephonic apparatus, and from the unequalled facilities at its command.

Get To Know

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Feeding

For several years a neighbor of ours has been getting in light stuff, weighing around 800 lb., in the fall. These are roughed thru about. five months on straw or other roughage, with one feed of grain each day. After the five months are up, they are put on a full feed of shock corn for about four months, when they are turned off. Owing to the low cost of the steers in the fall, the cheapness of the roughage, and the quality at the end of the period, this method has proven exceedingly profitable.

Many have asked the question, "Why not vary the feed with hay or straw?" Nice, clean straw is relished very much by the cattle and we feed it when we have it. Owing to the scarcity of hay, our horses used all our oat straw. That is why it does not appear in figures following, the straw mentioned being used for bedding only. Hay, when fed in very small quantities, has always returned a fair price, but not enough to warrant its being fed at present quotations. Another of my neighbors reports most satisfactory remits from the use of clover and stock food .his gain being (if I remember correctly) 3.3 lb. per day during the month of February, which would certainly pay out.

The first week we had the cattle they were put on pasture, being fed about one-half of a shock the first clay, or about two and one-half baskets. This was gradually raised until they were given all they would eat the ears of, tho they very seldom cleaned up all the stalks. If a few ears were left it didn't matter, as the hogs got them. On cold days the amount would have to be increased, while as soon as it became warm they would not eat as much. The successful feeder must know his cattle and watch them. Each time a steer goes "off feed" or becomes dumpy, the profit is diminished. The only objection which many have to the method is the danger of turning them in to the feed; yet, if proper care is exercised a whole bunch seldom goes "off feed." Indeed, with our forty, only three were off during the entire time.

During the last few months of feeding, many grind up ear corn, making corn-and-cob meal, which is fed in a self-feeder, the steers getting all they can eat. In some ways this is rather desirable as they often do very well on it, especially when oil meal is fed in connection. The danger lies in not having them on full enough feed when started at the feeder. Bran is sometimes mixed in to lighten the ration during the first week. Yet, one dead steer throws a considerable amount over to the expense column.

We figure that during the winter months we can feed a shock of corn at a slightly less cost than we can husk and haul the ears to market five miles away. Thus, if the feeding operation will return market price for the corn, it is better to feed than to sell, as the former alone will maintain soil fertility. In our own case the cattle alone - 'id this, not counting interest on the investment or manure, besides giving a profit of $75.80 all gain upon the hogs being clear profit. We fed the forty on contract, buying them at $4 per cwt. and selling them in 4 months at $5. We would thus get our pay, no matter how the market went. But the men who handled our bunch made $30 on the transaction, so the price, both buying and selling, was fairly representative. More would have been made both by ihem and by Waugh, had the stuff been 200 lb. heavier a d of bettor quality.

We fed approximately forty-four acres of corn - a little more than an acre per head. During the last month they ate over a bushel basketful apiece per day (40 lb.L In one field every other shock row was husked, the field being rented. This yielded 35 cwt. per aire, or 87 U bushel baskets (48 lb.), or 50 bushels (70 lb.) per acre. At our home market corn sold at from 50 to 60 cents per cwt. I take 55c. or 37'. c ner bushel, as a fair value to place upon the corn. Thus, the value per acre was placed at $18.75.

During the winter one bull was put into the yard at $37, being lumped off. If I remember correctly, he was in the yard two months, weighing 1,160 lb. at the start. Before the cattle went he was sold at $3.75 per cwt. and weighed 1,230 lb. The expense account is as follows:

Thus it may be seen that the profits of the entire transaction were $553.45, or 62.7 cents were realized from each bushel of corn fed, or 25.15 cents more than market price. Such is surely profitable when one considers the facts that the corn cost no more to produce than if hauled away, that your fertility is not depleted, but on the other hand is rather increased and that besides the profits, you have received wages for all work done.

A word as to the value placed upon the manure. Experts agree that a load of manure spread out with a spreader is worth $1, and that a load spread by hand is worth 50 cents. It costs us about 32 Vl> cents a load to place our manure in a field, which was about half a mile from the buildings. This gives it a value of 6.75 cents per load, as it is left in tha yard, so I think the 50c estimate very conservative.

I have tried to keep all the figures low, so as not to misrepresent the matter in the least. Our case is not an exception, but rather it is the rule. True, many others did not do as well, but there were some who did better. Taking the matter as a whole, I really believe that some of our experiment stations might do some very valuable work along the line of shock-corn feeding. One test might be made with corn-and-cob meal in connection with shock corn, another with hay, and another with oil meal or stock food. However, for the farmer who wishes to keep his farm up and to make a profit besides, even tho at the expense of some hard work, for feeding is no snap, I believe that this method is second to none. - Clyde A. Waugh, Wood Co., O.

The Ohio Farmer contains many interesting articles, but the article on "Pig Farming," No. 6, last November, is not fit for people to read - that part relating to the cutting off of the pigs' tusks with bullet moulds and forceps. It was disgusting. The writer said he did not find it necessary to use forceps as often when the sows were running on bluegrass as' in the winter or spring, when they were not on grass. If he would commence feeding his sows half a pint of bone meal per feed, two or three days before farrowing, his sows would have milk (or confidence," as he calls it) and would lie still for the pigs to suck, and then they would not fight and injure each other with the drsaded tusks.. I remember of neighbors who had just such trouble, and their sows would average from 1 to 6 pigs per litter. In nine cases out of ten this is the result of the sovs not getting enough protein in their feed while carrying their young, and they wtould have "wolf in the tail" (stomach, rather). In 30 years' experience I have had no such experience. My <i farrow 10 to 15 pigs at a litter twice a year. I have had a sow farrow 11 pips that weighed 4G lb. 42 days after birth. Vovor had o sow that had sore teats Havn butchered pigs at 7% months 'old. that weighed 325 lb., and I do net keep my hogs fat either. Now It wn; all right for you to publish the article criticized, but you should have added a comment or correct ion. to prevent read-

Take three-quarters of a pound of Granulated Sugar, and water, heat and stir until you have a thick syrup. Put 2% oz. of Pinex in a pint bottle and fill it up with the Granulated Sugar Syrup. Shake well and take a teaspoonful every one, two or three hours.

The prompt results from this simple, home-made remedy will surprise you. It has been known to conquer a deep-seated cough in 24 hours. It is also an excellent thing for whooping cough, soreness of the lungs, bronchial troubles and other throat affections.

The proportion above suggested is enough to last a family a long time. It is equally effective for young or old, and has a very pleasant taste. Well corked, it never spoils. It takes less than five minutes to prepare, and is very inexpensive. The 2% oz. of Pinex should cost you about fifty cents, and the Granulated Sugar about four cent3.

Pinex, as you probably know, is the most concentrated form of Norway White Pine Extract. It is rich in guaiacol and other elements that make the ozone of the pine forests so effective in curing throat and lung diseases.

There are many pine tar and pine oil preparations, but none of these are to be compared with the pure Pinex itself. All druggists have it or can get it for you without trouble if requested.

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Your horse Iii\a worms If ho has miy of these symptom*: 111 health - poor condition - roniita emit - senrvy dry kin - dandruff - itching - hide bound - p..t holly - cold-Icy palua - bloating mornings - scouring - pawing - switching - rubbing tail -

Shire, Percher0N, Bel6Ian, Coach & Hackney

For thp next 30 days I will sell at my barn cheaper than any other firm in America, quality considered. The reason I can sell cheaper is be- Cause my father lives in Europe and he can buy them for me and save all middlemen's profits. If you are thinking of buying a draft stallion of either of the above breeds, or a high-stepping Hackney or Coach Stallion, please write me or come and see my btock. and I will surprise you

- even bad old case* that skilled doctor have abandoned. Euhv and simple; n<_ cutting; junt a little attention every fifth day - and jour money refunded If It ever falls. Cores most enses within thirty days, leaving the horse sound and smooth. All particulars given in

Flemings Veet-Pooket Veterinary Adviser. Beet veterinary book for farmers. Contains 192 pages and 69 Illustrations. Dor* ably bound in leatherette. Write as for a free copy.

et us send pictures of harness in oi^e every day tor 20 years and still poocL Equal to best custom-made - will positively oat-wear any two sets of factory-made harness. We guarantee ail harness for 6 years. Always money back, with transportation charges, too. If you're not satisfled. Catalog' free, l.uy A direct from maker, and save 25 percent* ]f\ Owego, Tioga Co., King Harness Co.. N. Y.

A Certain Remedy

will clean them ofT, and yon wort the bor«o samp lime l»o«-«not bllateror remove tho hair. Will toll you more If von write. £.'.00 per bottle, delivered. Book MJ free.

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Our correspondent must be exceedingly sensitive, or fastidious, to condemn the article referred to - "Profitable Pig Farming, No. 6," by W. M. Cook - as "not fit for people to read," and as "disgusting." To be consistent he should also condemn castration, ringing, docking, spaying, dehorning, etc. Pinching off sharp-pointed teeth is nt»t anything like as severe or "inhuman" as either of these operations. We have raised many litters of pigs ourselves and never had to pull or cut off tusks (or teeth), but we have known others who did. One of our best writers on swine management, years ago, recommended this very thing.The author of a small work called "Hogology," says:

He further says that these teeth, especially side teeth, are apt to grow in all directions, are very sharp and pointed, and if left as they are, grow so as to cut and hurt the lips of the pig when eating, and it does not thrive, as he does not eat the food he should. We could refer to other authorities who advise the same thing. Hence, editorial "correction" of the article, when published, was uncalled for. A farm paper must publish the views, opinions, practice and experience of practical farmers, even tho they do not agree with the editor's. Discussion of all matter upon which opinions differ must not be strangled. The truth can only be brought out in this way. If an editor never published anything he did not endorse, he would furnish a "one man paper," of the smallest usefulness. He should, however, refuse to publish anything that he absolutely knows is wrong or incorrect, or would lead readers into wrong practice and opinion.

Wintering The Ram

Few flock owners, I fear, fully comprehend the great importance of maintaining the ram in a strong, vigorous condition. After the breeding season is over many flock owners think that the ram from that time on is a star-boarder and the more cheaply he can be wintered the better for the grain bin and pocketbook. Right here is where many a flock owner lays the foundation to a whole lot of his trouble in trying to make sheep raising a profitable enterprise. The fact is too frequently overlooked that the ram is half the flock, just as much when being held over as when being employed as a lamb getter. It can not be expected that a male, no matter whether of animal or plant life, can vigorously reproduce unless fully and properly developed.

Winter is indeed a very trying season on the ram. The breeding season having just closed, he is well-nigh overworked. Not only is his productive system low in vitality, but the strain of the past few weeks has wrought general destruction to the tissues and sinews of the entire body. If he regains normal condition it is obvious that he must have even better food and care than before entering upon his duty. The winter months naturally are sluggish and inactive months for the ram. He should be cared for as tho he was your fancy driving horse, giving him the "best the farm can afford," that his system may be restored to normal condition as early as possible. I always like to get my ram up into presentable condition just as soon as possible after the breeding season has closed so that in case I am not going to use him another year, I may dispose of him. I find there is always some flock owners who are on the lookout for investments whenever they find the right kind of goods, and not infrequently can the ram be disposed of soon after the breeding season is over.

The future usefulness of the ram is in no small measure dependent upon the care received during the winter after being removed from the flock. I have known of several very valuable and useful rams that were used as yearlings and neglected during the few months following their removal from the flock, and practically ruined. Two of these rams I sold and of course had considerable interest in their future, but neglect will kill the prepotent qualification of an: male regardless of all other conditions. Flockowners who purchase, ram lambs for breeding purposes should give them the best attention during the winter months as their premature service not infrequently impairs their prepotent ability. Sometimes ram lambs of considerable promise when young are possessed of less promise when older, brought about largely from improper care and feed during the latter stages of developing.

It is a general practice with a large number of flock owners to allow the ram to remain with the flock during the winter months and pay little or no attention to providing additional nourishment to recruit his system up to normal condition. This is indeed a very unwise practice. It not infrequently happens that a ewe or two will fail to breed. These ewes irritate the ram and it retards his restoration to normal condition. In time this strain will lay the foundation of disease | which may terminate fatally. I do not consider it a wise practice under any condition to allow the ram twith the flock after the breeding season is over. It is far better for both ram and ewes to uccupy separate pens.

The feed and care the ram receives during the winter months may determine his future usefulness. If low in flesh condition, attention should ,be | directed toward compounding a ration possessing a tendency to cause taking on flesh. I do not want my ram to recruit up in flesh condition too rapidly even tho he is below normal. Loose flesh is of no value to a ram that is intended for breeding purposes. What additional flesh the ram carries should be of a firm, compact character. I feed my rams that have been employed the previous season in the flocks a ration of one part corn, two parts oats and one part bran, with a small addition of oil cake. If the ram seems to be taking on flesh rapidly the corn is left out. For roughage, clover hay, bean pods, corn stover and oat straw should be fed to supply variety.

Exercise is one of the very essential requisites in the successful winter management of the ram. Shutting the ram in a box stall during the winter is inhuman treatment, and something any flock-owner should feel it a disgrace to practice. I have seen valuable rams practically ruined because of lack of exercise during the winter months, j I find it an excellent practice to have a stationary place in the barn purposely for the ram, with a large spacious yard adjoining where he can exercise at will. As soon as the breeding season is over I place my stock rams in I this permanent pen where they receive the best of care until either sold or employed for another year. If any flock-owner fails to secure a good lamb crop this season don't blame the ram, but yourself. - Leo C. Reynolds, Shiawassee Co., Mich.

The kind of Hogs to Keep. - C. E. A.. Herkimer Co., N. Y., would like to know whether it will pay him to discard the Chester Whites and use a cross between the Polands and Durocs. It will not pay you to make a change. There is no better hog than the Chester White, in a dairy region where hogs are not raised in large numbers. The most profitable bunch of hogs I ever raised were Chester Whites, but it was when I was in the- dairy business and did not raise so many as we do now. I think where so many are kept together, as with us, the colored hog is the best; they will stand bunching up better than white ones, on account of having a tougher skin, not so susceptible to scurvy and other kindred diseases. - W. S. Tomlinson, Defiance Co., O.

Right of Way. - A and "R own adjoining farms. A has been renting a right of way on B's farm for several years, but B now refuses to let A go thru.B has become involved financially and a receiver has been appointed to take charge of his property and the receiver refuses to let A go thru the farm. Is there anything for A to do to force a right of way? V. C. B. - A can not compel either B or the receiver to grant him a right of way thru the farm if he can not asrrefl with them concerning the matter. - H. L. S.

the risk of infecting the entire herd. You can stop all this loss by Stamping* put the disease with Dr. David Bobeits' Ant I -Abortion Scrum Treat merit. You can administer the treatment yourself.

This Is what Dr. A. 8. Alexander, of the Wisconsin Experimental Station says In reply to an Inquiry In regard to the Roberts' Treatment for Abortion: >-] musl con less that I cannot prescrlbeanythtng for con taKiouB abortion that g Ives M BOOd results as those obtained from the use of Dr. David Roberts' Antl-A b< rth n which to mj knowledge has succeeded where thorough application of un antiseptic treatment advised by me had failed to stay or prevent the disease. His other remedies are also reliable and worthy of extended use by stockmen."

Your herd may be Infected with abortion without showing positive symptoms. If there Is a falling oil In the How cf milk or In the quality. If your cows ore run down or are out of condition, you ought to examine them and make tests for Abortion. Even If they are In apparent gooo condition, one or more of them may have the germs of contagious abortion In the system. It w ill cost you nothing to find out if your cows are atreeted. and the sooner you make the test the more you will jave In time and money.

tells all about abortion : bow to detect It and how to stampltout. it I* FUSE. 'I his book Is the published results of Dr. David Roberts' twenty ycarsexperlments and veterinary experience with the disease of Abortion. It is a $1.00 cloth bound book. Cut out the coupon below and send it today w ith 10e postage. If you send at once we will put you on the tree list of "Tin- I Lttlf Specialist," a monthly live stock journal.

A public recognition of Dr. Roberts' thoroughness and eminence as a veterinarian was his recent appointment as State Veterinarian of Wisconsin, one of the greatest dairy states. The fact that hundreds of herds bare heeo tueeessfnlly treated - not one unsuccessfully - tells why wo can guarantee the treatment. Send the Free Rook Coupon while you have it In mind. The book is a complete guide in treating all live stock diseases. Dr. David Roberts Veterinary Co., 021 Orand Ave., Waukesha, Wls.j

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The great barns of the noted stork farm at Newark, Ohio, contain a fine lot of choice BELGIAN and PERCHERON and GERMAN COACH stallions and mares.

Running in age from 1 to 5 years, weighing from 1.500 to 2.100 lb. All horses are for sale on reasonable terms. Cash or bankable notes of 1, 2 and 3 years.

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Maine Dairymen'S Meeting

The dairymen of Maine recently held a very successful meeting at Which all branches of the industry were represented. Farmers, dairymen, dairy produce buyers and creamerymen joined in the discussion of subjects vital to the industry, u. S. Merrill, state dairy instructor, pointed out that great advancement had been made by the dairymen of the state durlDg the last few years. The quality of products was better and better prices had been received. He advocated a few changes and improvements. Ho suggested more rigid inspection t>f dairies and an educational campaign to teach the advantages of sanitary practices in barn and dairy, advantages of better care of milk and selection and breeding of cattle. He strongly advocated the introduction of cow test associations, which would lead to higher types of cows.

Summer feed, soiling crops and management of forage, were discussed by several prominent speakers. One Maine dairyman told how he had made an acre of ground feed one cow for 200 days by rotating corn, oats and peas, and clover, two years. He made silage of the corn and cured the other crops. Several advocated the use of more clover, oats and barley. A special feature of the meeting, and one which other similar meetings would do well to provide, was a talk upon selection of commercial feeding stuffs. Prof. Woods of the Maine Experiment Station, handled the subject very intelligently. He computed the feeding value of different classes of common feeds at current prices In the state, using cottonseed meal as the basis for protein and corn as the basis for carbohydrates. He made all computations before the audience, and showed that the feeding value of timothy hay is less than its commercial value; clover hay, corn silage and corn stover were considerably more; oats were so far below that the economy of feeding was questionable. Cottonseed meal was a staple source of protein; the better the quality the more economical. Wheat bran was too high in price, and there was a tendency to substitute molasses or some saccharine feed in its place.

Dr. G. M. Whittaker, U. S. Department of Agriculture, discussed the why and how of cleaner milk. He said - that dirt and bacteria are inseparable; and too much of either or both is responsible for all the agitation against milk. Milk is peculiarly susceptible to infection and will carry numerous disease germs. 'Recognizing tfiis fact, the "how" of pure milk lies in keeping it clean. This requires cleanliness about the stable and milk room, clean utensils, periodical testing for tuberculosis, healthy cows and healthy attendants. To secure all this requires inspection. Inspection should not be viewed with suspicion but should be assisted and encouraged. Inspection should be reasonable and practical, and not impose undue hardship on any one. The score card was advocated with publication of best scores. Mr. Whittaker scouted the advisability of aeration, but was in favor of closing the cans tight as soon as possible after milk was drawn.

Dr. Smead discussed common veterinary troubles in the dairy herd. He said the most common ailment was sterility, produced most frequently by not breeding at the first rail of nature, or improper feeling. Cows that were turned to poor pasture to shift for themselves were most apt to become sterile. The speaker did not approve of pressing the cow so hard for milk production, but favored more attention" to keeping the "machine" in repair. He condemned high feeding when cow was in milk, and neglect when she was dry. The cow fed generously and wisely the year round, is the cow that is profitable in both production and reproduction. The calf should have whole milk the first month. Five percent milk should be diluted with water and not sklm-milK. Skim-milk caused dyspepsia and as the first month is the formative period, feeding should be carefully done. Scours can often be prevented by milking out the ropy milk that is often secreted before calving time. The cow should be watched and if the milk is ropy she should be milked out regularly until calving time.

A good milk and butter contest was held in connection with the meeting, the winning milk scoring 98, and butter in prints and tubs scoring 98 and 97 % respectively. - M. B. Aiken, Penobscot Co., Me.

(This paper is the first of a series of articles on silos and silage by a successful farmer and stock feeder who has made the subject a study and is deeply interested in the silo as a practical farm building, and the silage as his most economical feed.)

The silo came into the United States slowly at first. A few years ago there was a general awakening, however, and not an agricultural gathering was deemed complete without several spirited discussions upon the silage question. It had a great many enemies, at first, the greatest of which were the exorbitant claims made for it. These claims were not tempered by enough practical use, but resulted from one or two years' successful trials and unconfined imaginations. The last few years have seen great changes. The silo is now an established necessity and is here to stay. Many different forms are in use, the variety furnishing types to suit all needs and conditions.

In Egypt, centuries ago, a form of silo was used to store grains in. In dry countries they were made air-tight by sealing with masonry. In others, where dampness was liable to interfere, they were ventilated. But in all the idea was the same; to store grain', from times of plenty to possible famines. There seem to be no records of green matter being stored in this way at that time and not until 1780 do we find anything of this nature. At that time a man named Simonds tells of the Italians following such a system. From Italy \ the idea spread westward into Ger- j many and England, getting a decided hold about 1840, or somewhat earlier. To us here in America, where mechanical ingenuity has contributed so much to the perfecting of a good, cheap silo, these early attempt appear very crude indeed. The idea was the same in nearly every instance. Huge casks were filled, a little at a time, salted and firmly packed down, and the top securely sealed in some way. Most of the silos at that time, however, were square or rectangular holes dug in the ground. These were boarded up and a hard clay bottom made. The grasses or vetches were then put in and salted some. The silo was filled gradually, and, when full, was salted well and covered with boards. Over the board covering two feet of earth was well packed. In this way a food was prepared which the early writers tell us was greatly relished by cattle. Several early reports were made in England and it was considered a good feed.

Silos were introduced into the United States in 1875 when two were erected in Michigan. The following year several were found in different states. The first silos were either of stone or brick, the walls being very thick and the silos built square. These did not prove satisfactory and were too expensive, so wood was soon made to take the place of the stone. The square form was still adhered to and most of them were built inside of another building. These were very satisfactory and, being on the inside, that form of structure could be built quite strong. About 1884 two square, wooden silos were built at the Michigan Agricultural College, and they were in constant operation until two years ago.

Following these first attempts. came | years of discussion and experimenting. | until, today, it is generally agreed that the silo is a profitable investment.both for the large and the small farmer. From the square, cheap frame inside, we have, in 30 years, produced the strong ornamental farm building that is found everywhere upon thousands of thriving American farms. Experiments to determine the practicability of silage have given place to others trying to get at the most serviceable and rheapest type of silo, best crops to

That is about what happens each year (or the man who owns five cows and does not use a Tabular cream separator. He loses in cream more than the price of a pood cow. The more cows he owns the greater the loss. This is a fact on which Agricultural Colleges, Dairy Experts and the best Dairvmen all agree, and so do you if you use a Tubular. If not, it's high time you did. Von can't afford to lose the price Of one or more cows each \ car - there's no reason why you should. Get aTubular and get more and better eream out of the milk ;save time and lalior and nave warm sweet skimmed milk for the calves. Don't buy some cheap rattletrap thing called a separator; that won't do any good. You need a real skimmer that does perfect worb.skims clean, thick or thin, hot or cola; runs easy; simple in construction: easily understood. That's the Tubular ana there is but one Tubular, the Kharpics Tubular. Don't you want our little book "Business Dairvmen," and our Catalog A. 101 both free? A postal will bring them.

American Separator

Guaranteed to skim closer than any separator in the world. Sold direct from the factory. We are the oldest exclusive manufacturers of hand separators In America. You save all agents', dealers' and even mall order house profits. We have the most liberal 30 DAYS' TRIAL, frelent prepaid offer. Write lor It today. Our new low down waist liiRh separator Is the finest hlirlie>t quality machine on the market; no other separator compares with it in close skimming, ease of cleaning, easy running, simplicity, strength or quality. Our own (the manufacturer's) long term guarantee protects you on every AMERICAN machine. Don't buy a separator from any agent, dealer or mall order house: don't make any contract or agreement; don't accept any m ach lne finally unUl you run a few gallons of milk through our new comfortable waist high AMERICAN. Use it every day for a month and sec how it outclasses every other machine. We can ship Immediately. Let us send you our new Cream Separator offer. It's different from any other, Just as our new waist high AMERICAN Is miles in advance, years ahead of any other separator In the world. Write for our gTcat offer and handsome free catalogue on our new waist high model. ADDRESS,

American Separator Company Save Money

Wo own our own "null.," at Merrill, Mil... In th. fln.it Fina and Cypraaa l-<*ll In thii country, i .Ulocoe and a cony of "Taa Sua Adt.<atb KKLK. -*- WHITE FOB CATALOGUE.

Indiana Silo Co

It is Ball-bearing which means easy running - has low down large Supply Tank - The Crank is just the ight to make the machine turn easy, s run in oil - prao ly self-oiling and vide base to catch le waste.

Increases your yield of cream and butterS15 per cow each year, ---k your dealer about The Great Western and don't let him work any sub- ....... w t.mo vy.i jvu. It's your money you are

1 he Greal Western is Ihe world's best. ,_WtUe j ust these words in a letter: - " Send me Tnrift Talks.' by a farmer, andyonr bo 3k No 2*')l which tells all about the breeds, dairying, tue'eare of milk, etc." They are free. Write now fRoId with orwith out elevator.) CRUSH ear com (-urithorteil out ehneks) and CRIniO all kinds of email (.-rain. Uas Conical Shape Grinder*. Different from all othora

Running South Bend

'wants a fast grinder. Listen here: 50 bushelsr an hour ground uniform. Cob as fine as grains, reduced gradually by shearing and cutting, with this

Corn Belt Mill

It's the mill for business. Grinds anything. Better principle, better made, better work and takes less power than any other. Alsolarger and smaller power mills and the champion sweep mill of the U. S.

Try This Mill Ditto'S

vt her grai u than any other two horse fveep mill made, send it Iiack at hit expense. Don't mtn* this offer. Bail-bearing throughout. Only 10 ftsweep. Light draft. Grinding ring* never trmrh each other - they last for years. lioth grinder? revolve, self cleaning. Ask for no* Catalogue.

An Ear

[for Heat power. Will grind ear earn o? any kind of small grain Id: o Ideal feed. Can be regulated to suit power. Larger mills for stronger power. Sweep milU. iplc and geared. Write for booklet, :es and guarantee.

Planting

Every farmer knows the importance of proper potato planting. Here's a machine that does it perfectly. Has none of the faults common with common planters. Opens the furrowperfectly, drops the seed correctly, covers it uniformly , and best of aU never b r u i pun c tu re seed. Send postal for our 1908 free Book.

. Every farmer needs a good feed mill for grinding corn meal, all kinds of feed, cracking corn, etc. Here's an opportunity to get the best mill made at a reasonable price and on trial fortwo weeks. Write for free catalogue describing

Monarch Maple Evaporators

Moat Durable. Most Economical. Cheapest. Syrup Cans and Sap Pails. Also Manufacturers of the "Sunlight," Acetylene Gas Machine. McLANE-SCHANCK HDW. CO.,Linesville,Pa.

Iron Steel & Siding

Direct To You from our own factory at lowest factory prices. We are manufacturers and handle no 2nd hand nor short length stuff. Every part of our roofing" and siding is made in our factory from genuine Charcoal Iron, Double Refined Puddled Iron or Steel. Put on the kind of root that wears. Ours is guaranteed.' If itisn'tthe best you can buy any where, don't pay tor it. Easy to lay. No experience needed. Tell MS about your building and let ua quote you factory prices. Write for Metal Goodi Catalog . It Is free.

The Unitfd Factopifs Co

I Something New. Gets twice the results with* ame labor I and fluid. Flat or round, fine or coarse sprays from same ^h)MHMm« 0k Nozzle. Ten styles. For trees, vines,

Testing Dairy Cows

We, the farmers of this vicinity -will have to have our cows tested under the tuberculin process, or we will not be allowed to deliver our milk to the city milkmen, to be offered for sale. They have appointed a veterinarian to make the tests for us, and we will be charged from two to five dollars per head. Now will we have to pay any sum they ask or is there a fixed state price? Are we obliged to pay the expense at all? We object to the city ordinance compelling us to submit to the test and inspection and pay the charge for the same. We consider it an imposition to submit to their clause prohibiting the sale of our milk unless the cows have been inspected. Will you please also state whether the results of the test will be such as to make the cattle ILat pass the test immune to the further infection from tuberculous germs? - D. W., Lorain, O.

For 10 years past the cows belonging to this Station have been subjected once each year to the tuberculin test. This is done under no compulsion except that of the costly experience of having an outbreak of tuberculosis in the herd, before the testing was begun, which resulted in the loss of some 30 cattle. After that experience we disposed of all animals reacting to the tuberculin test, disinfected our barns, and every year since have repeated the taSt, just as we would renew a fire insurance policy. Our herd remains free from disease, and we propose to keep it so. We would no more undertake to keep a valuable herd of catMe w'thout having them thus tested than we would omit the insurance of our homes.

The latest investigations in 'respect to the danger of communicating tuberculosis to human beings thru the milk, support the belief that there is great danger of such communication, especially in the case of infants. Without respect, however, to the - question whether we would be willing to' stand responsible for the death of the little ones who might be fed upon the milk furnished by our cows, and looking at the matter from a purely mercenary standpoint, we would gladly welcome the testing of our cattle with tuberculin, if done by trustworthy persons and at a reasonable price (which ought to be less than $2 per head).

The tuberculin test does not confer any immunity upon the animal. It merely tells whether tuberculosis is present at the time the test is made, and therefore it must be repeated at intervals. These intervals should not be shorter than from two to six months, nor longer than a year. No city claims the right to compel the testing of a particular cow; but every city has the right, and is in duty bound, to say that no nilk shall be sold in its streets except from tested cows. For particulars of the regulations under which testing is done by the state write to the Hon. T. J. Calvert, Secretary State Live Stock Commission, Columbus, O. - Chas. E. Thorne, Ohio Experiment Station.

The old reliable Success Manure Spreader has just received another addition to its long list of honors. The manufacturers, Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., Syracuse, N. Y.. have received notice that Success Spreader has been awarded a gold medal by Norfolk Exposition Jury of Awards. The award is justly bestowed. Success Spreader, formerly called Improved Kemp Spreader, was the first really successful spreader manufactured. Among the many late comers it has continued to hold its own. It has made its way into all states, and yearly sales, instead of being lessened by its many competitors, are actually on the increase. This is simply a recognition by farmers, and emphasized by Norfolk award, that Success Spreader is well nigh perfectly adapted for handling of manure. Their machine has already been of incalculable benefit to farmers. The more Success Spreaders on the farms, the better it will be for this country's soil and crops.

Special Announcement To Cow Owners

It is with more than ordinary enthusiasm that we beg to call the attention of cow owners and dairy farmers to the new 1908 line of the improved De Laval Cream Separators, consisting of ten machines, ranging in capacity from 135 lbs. to 1350 lbs. of milk per hour.

Although for a number of years De Laval machines have seemed as nearly perfect as separators could be, thousands of dollars have been and are being spent annually in the effort to improve them. The past two years of experiments and tests have been unusually pirxluctive of new ideas and big improvements in separator construction. Even the highest hopes of the De Laval experimental force and mechanical experts themselves have been exceeded.

The principal De Laval improvements are greater simplicity of construction, ease of cleaning and replacement of parts, less cost of repairs when necessary, easier hand operation, more complete separation under hard conditions, greater capacity and a material reduction of prices in proportion to capacity.

The line includes several new styles and capacities of machines never offered heretofore, No matter ho w small or how large the dairy the new De Laval line has a machine exactly suited for it.

If you intend buying a separator do not fail to examine the new De Laval styles before you make your selection, as otherwise you will most surely regret it later on. A handsome new 1908 De Laval catalog can be had for the asking.

New York Portland, Ori

you select one suitable for your needs. Roadsters are not the best of draft horses, neither are draft horses winners on the race track. Yet they are all horses.

So with the many different articles sold for cleaning purposes. They will all (To some cleaning, but why not use the one that cleans everything clean; that makes everything sweet and sanitary; that contains no filthy soap grease nor fiery lye; that requires less work and less rinsing; that is used and recommended by the S ate Dairy and Agricultural Colleges.

Wyandotte

and it costs no more than the ordinary washing compounds. Just ask your dealer or factor yman for a 5-lb. sack of Wyandotte Cleaner and Cleanser. If he can not supply you, write us his name.

A B C Of Ornamental Planting

In learning to be your own landscape gardener you have the advantage of being constantly on the spot and being able to take days t>r weeks if necessary in studying the situation. This study can commence at the beginning of winter as well as any time, and is much better than to wait until the spring sunshine stirs everything to action.

In this preliminary work not much assistance is needed from books and periodicals. The protection of a home in winter from sweeping winds is more important than summer shade, for the shade is not a pressing necessity more than ten weeks in the year, while the cold winds blow for eight months. Winter also has its landscape claims as well as summer. In fact, its claims are greater, for the general absence of foliage and flowers makes the color of bare branches and the presence of plants and trees with persistent foliage, such as the conifers and broad-Jeafed evergreens, quite a factor in the landscape. I believe I get .as much satisfaction from a trio of 1 1 idodendrons, nestled in the edge of a group of deciduous shrubbery, in winter as in summer, even counting in their magnificent and royal wealth of bloom in June. They do not invariably bloom, however, but from late October until June they present a cheerful green and a form of leaf and growth different from anything else and pleasing even when a light snow covers them. If one studies the winter landscape with a view to getting to the bottom of things he will find that Nature has been very thoughtful in so ordering things that some of the most showy and beautiful objects in winter make very efficient protection, as do some of the summer ornamentals. The si rinjras and tall growing deutzias make large, compact bunches of stems as large as a hogshead, and by planting them in rows and breaking joints they make very substantial protection for walks in the backyard and small buildings.

In the winter after a snowfall the different paths around a place show plainly, and one can observe where short cuts are taken end very often a relocation of walks and drives can be made in accordance with natural and economical needs. Drifting snow is often a nuisance and a careful study of winter conditions will show whether windbreaks or shrubbery would cure the evil or intensify it. The elimination of unfavorable surrounding is an important factor in beautifying the home grounds, and should be considered at the very first. In this as in many other things, no great help can be gotten by "reading up." The elimination of fences has left a great many farm homes in the clear, as it were, and it Is often difficult to tell just where the dooryard leaves off and the barnyard commences. Then the backyard merges into the two and even an expert is often bothered to know just what to do as it is so har.dy to leave tools and wagons, temporary lumber piles, etc., just anywhere. Quite considerable areas are often as good as wasted around homes .Hid these could be used to maintain windbreaks and screens which would provide comfort and a setting for the front lawn.

The matter of tv- size of trees and shrubs can be considered in the winter also. A lady of my acquaintance received three trees whose special beautv needed room to develop and room to be seen. They were all planted in a dooryard which measured three by four rods. After a few years she will have to go out into the street or fields to. get a good look at them, and a few years later they will be grown so close together as to com letely discount any natural beauty they possess. Fully developed they should each cover a circle of more than !>0 feet, the size of the lawn one way. Th°re should be no pcc&sioil for an intelligent woman with a good high-school education to make such a mistake. The dooryards where such mistakes have been made line the Streets in every village in Ohio, and rf refill thought over the situation heforehand, would have shown that one tree would have been better than three. We see here and there magnificent trees in pastures and fields, made so because they had room. Why not give the costly tree that you buy an equal chance by putting it in the barn-lot part of the dooryard where you can watch its development from the house?

I need not weary the reaJer by too long a lesson at this time, and will be satisfied with the result if it leads one, here and there, to realize that there is, much preliminary work in landscape improvement which may be done by any person if they are content to begin as all education is commenced, at the beginning. - L. B. Pierce, Summit Co., O.

Floral Notes

Chrysanthemum Culture. - Start the chrysanthemum slips early in the spring in four-inch pots. Use soil composed of equal parts of sand, leaf-loam and barnyard manure. Transfer to larger pots as the roots begin to crowd. Keep the plants trimmed to one shoot. If buds appear in July pinch them off and about the first of August begin to water with liquid manure, keeping the buds off until the last of August; then let them grow profusely and water with clear water. They will make a fine showing in September and October.

Cannas. * - These plants should be started in February or the first of March, in the house, and be uedded out, when all danger of frost is past. They must have a rich soil and be. supplied with liquid fertilizer as they are rank growers, and hearty feeders. The Italian orchid-flowering cannas are very large and beautiful, often from five to six inches across.

Japanese Iris. - This plant requires a moist, tenacious soil and will grow and bloom freely near a drain or in a low, wet spot in the garden. It needs little culture, but is a beautiful border plant if the soil is only moist enough for its needs. Like the common Sweet Flag it delights in a marshy home. - A. Ruth Annable, Tioga Co., N. Y.

Has many aches and pains caused by weaknesses and displacement of the pelvic organs. Other symptoms of female weakness are frequent headache, dizziness, imaginary specks or dark spots floating before the eyes, gnaw- i ing sensation in stomach, dragging or bearing down in lower abdominal or pelvic region, faint spells with general weakness.

If any considerable number of the above 1 symptoms are present there is no.«remed> that wrS^give quicker relief or a more permanent tjKC than Dr. Pierce's Favorite 1 Preitjs^M&n^sJt has a record of over forty years of curfes^ It is the_ most potent ] in_vi^orati_qgJ,onlic"an(; nR-"agr frenjng i,uvLnc known to medical science. It is mcde I of the glyceric extracts of native medicl- | nal roots found in our forests and contains not a drop of alcohol or harmful, or habit-forming drugs. Its ingredients are all printed on the bottle-wrapper and ati tested under path as correct.

Every ingredient entering into "Favorite Prescription " has the written endorsement ,->f the most eminent medical writers of all the several schools of practice^ - more valuable than any amount of non-professional testimonials - though the

You cannot afford to accept any medicine of unknown composition as a substitute for this well proven remedy of known composition, even though tTie dealer may make a little more profit thereby. Your interest in regaining health is paramount to any selCsh interest of his and it is an Insult to your intelligence for him to try to palm off upon you a substitute. You know what you want and it is his business to supply the article called for.

Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are the original "Little Liver Pills" first put up by old Dr. Pierce over forty years ago, much imitated but never equaled. Little sugar-coated granules - easy to take as c.ani?.

Save

ments. For over 70 years they have been recognized the leaders because they do bet ter work, do it easier do more of it, and thus save hired help. Exceptionally well

Grown

Plenty of Oranges. - December 1, with the season only two weeks old, Sacramento Valley orange growers were sending fifteen cars of fruit to Eastern markets every day, with an almost daily increase showing on the freight records. Owing to the large number of new refrigerator cars of improved type, and other facilities provided by the railroad, California oranges will reach consumers this year in better condition than ever before. Last year the Sacramento valley alone shipped $3,000,000 worth of oranges, and this figure will probably be exceeded by a million dollars in the season just opened. The fruit can be grown all over the larger part of the floor area of the valley and the industry is advancing rapidly. The new acreage planted each year assures a constant crop of high quality.

Mangle-wurzles - Rluegrass Pasture. - Geese in Pasture. - How far apart should the rows be in growing mangle-wurzles, and how deep should seed be planted? How are they best kept for winter feeding? If I sow bluegrass in March or April, will it do for hog pasture in July and August? Is it all right to let male and female geese run together? D. I. M., Harmony. Pa. - Roots should be sown in shallow drills in rows about 2 feet. 6 inches apart to 3 feet apart. Do not have rows so close that they can not be cultivated with horse cultivator. They are best stored for winter use In n cellar with temperature right for keeping potatoes. They may be pitted, but if so care must be taken not to expose too much to frost when opening the pit. Rluegrass is not suitable for quick pasture returns. It Is slow In taking possession of the ground and requires from one and a half to two years to make good pasture covering fit for hogs. Geese are frequently nastured In large flocks, allowing a gander to every five or six geese. There would bo no serlou: danger of the ganders fighting.

T.lne Fence. - A and R have agreed upon the division of a line fence, and A lias built his share. R"s property Is now In the hands of a receiver. Can A compel the receiver to build R's share of the line fence by appealing to the township trustees? V. C. R. - The receiver is an officer of the court In charge of the property and subject to the orders of the court. However, if the receiver should mnko a finding as to the amount of fence to be built by R the court would undoubtedly make an order requiring the --elver to do the work unless It were n case where It would manifestlv be in Injury to R's estate to do so. - H. L. S.

Prices lowest of all. Postage paid. A tot of extra packages giver, free with every order of seeds I fill. Send name and address for my CDcr big catalog. Over 700 en- rllEE gravings of vegetables and flowers. H. SHUM WAY, Rockford, Illinois

Our Great Offer

OUR GREAT OFFER Send na your address today and we will Bend you by return moil an assortment of Garden Seeds such as Radish, Lettuce, Cabbage, Onions, Beets, Cucumber, Etc., also our big 11)08 Garden Guide, Absolutely Free. Write today, a postal will do.

Erery reader should see my 1908 cataJ osr - get my prices; read about toy splendid new fruits , many customers net $300.00 Per Acre Annually

That Do Not Disappoint

J\ r r I I _\ Sold on The Ford Plan, which guar- LLIJU an tees satisfaction and eavea you - ^ ^ money on every purchase. fhir catalog tells about It, giws descriptions and U>w prict-t on Best varieties, Garden, Flower and Field Seeds, Potatoes, Bulbs, Trees, Shrubs and Small Fruit Plants. Contain* lots of testimonials from our customers. It's free, i OKI » SEED CO., Dept.45Bayenna, Ohio*

Scarlet. V hitc. Pink, Maroon, yellow. Bloom in 90 days from seed, large, double, fragrant and tine colors. All 5 pkts with cultural directions and big catalogue for 10c. postpaid. W ill make 5 lovely beds of flow ers for your garden, and many pots of lovely blossoms for your windo«s in winter.

Catiilomip for 1908 - Greatest Hook of Notelties - Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs, Plants Shrubs, Fruits, 150 pages, 500 cuts, many plates - will It mailed Frte to all who ask for It.

Stark Bro'S, Louisiana. M0

Nurseries Pay Cash Weekly and Want More Salesmen Evertwheke. Best Contract, Best Outfit, Largest Ni kseries - with an 82-Year Record. STARK BRO'S, LOUISIANA. M0.

Peach Trees

PDCCH'O OftUDir OrrCD - One kl^'erta Peach Tree, one Red Cross Carnal O OfllTlrLL UrrLn - Buih.one < . A. «rfen Nr« Wlute Grape Vinc,oae h. ail delirered at your house by mail for S& cents.

mounted on low steel wheel trucks. It can be easily moved from place to place. Is always ready for business at a moment's notice. We build VA to 6 horse power, either mounted or unmounted.

of the mechanism required to operate, lock, unlock and time them More than three-fourths of the trouble with other engines is caused by their complicated valve mechanism. These get out of order, the valves burn, corrode, leak and wear out. They are hard to manage and expensive to keep in order. We do away with all this complication, useless trouble and expense, and give yoli a steadier and more reliable power.

wheels and regulating the size of the charge of gasoline in exact proportion to the amount of the load, our engine is extremely economical, has a steadiness of motion and a control of the load that no otiier gasoline engine has.

f*VI llinCD 's s0''d. has no joints in it, I lib U I LINUkH no gaskets to leak and blow cut ; has improved snap spark electric igniter ; perfect generator and governor, and everything that goes to make a perfect engine. UfC ft*! AD AMTCE tnis engine to be the If E UUAnAn I EC most simple, the most perfect and the easiest to operate of any gasoline engine made.

TUCRE IC no implement that will save you I ntnC lv more labor and give you greater satisfaction than a first-class gasoline engine. ja nn If you have use for power of ffnAI I U 11 'J any kind write us for catalogue No. 2^20 and tell us what size engine you want; or if you q'o not know what size you want, tell us what work you want to do with the engine. We will send you catalogue and write you fully.

Smith Manufacturing Co New Assistant Professor At

Professor V. M. Shoesmith of the Maryland Experiment Station has been appointed Associate Professor of Agronomy in the College of Agriculture nf the Ohio State University. Professor Shoesmith was born and raise, I on a farm near Leslie, Mich., and graduated from the Michigan Agricultural College with the class of 1901. Shortly after graduation he was appointed Assistant in Agronomy at the Kansas Agricultural College and Station, where he remained for five and a half years, being promoted first to assistant agronomist for the station, and finally to an assistant professorship in the college. In 1905 while at the Kansas Agricultural College, Professor Shoesmith trained the corn judging team which won first honors at the International Live Stock Exposition.

increase the norma] alkalinity of blood, eliminate uric acid freely and not disturb the normal case v itlf which kidneys c:,n perforin their function, In rheumatism Tartarliliiina is beneficial and refreshing.

Tartarllthlne rarely fails because it supplies the blood with the necessary substance to dissolve and remove the poison of Rheumatism - uric acid.

We will present absolute" ly free with every order for Weston's Patent t!alvanized (jate Attachments at BO, a full paid year's s ibsciiption to either

With these attachments you can make the best swine; and slide nate ever used. W ill riot bind or sag. Endorsed by hundreds of farmers and railroads. We guarantee satisfaction or money refunded. Write for our free catalog and full information of our special offer. We refer you to the puhlisher of this paper as to our reliability.

Prof. V. M. Shoesmith

land to take the position of agronomist at the Maryland Experiment Station. His time at. the Maryland Station has been devoted largely to the organization of the work of the department and to getting co-operation of the farmers thru the organization of a cereal improvement association on broad and liberal lines. While at the Kansas Station, Professor Shoesmith published several bulletins, one of the most recent of which is entitled, "A Study of Corn." His efforts in Ohio will be devoted entirely to the development of the crop work in the Department Of Agronomy. The College of Agriculture and the farmers of the state are to be congratulated upon securing the services of a man of Professor Shoesmith's experience and ability to push forward the improvement and development of farm crops in Ohio.

Made of High Carbon Double Strength Co' led "Wire. Heavily Galvanized to prevent rust. Have no agents. Sell at factory prices on 30 days' free trial. We pay all freight. 37 heights of farm and poultry fence. Catalog Free.

Coiled Spring Fence Co

Nature warns you when the track of health is not clear. Kidney and bladder trouble compel you to pass water often thru the day and get up many times during the night.

Unhealthy kidneys cause lumbago, rheumatism, catarrh cf the bladder, pain or dull ache in the back, joints or muscles, at times have headache or indigestion, as time passes you may have a sallow complexion, puffy or dark circles under the eyes, sometimes feel as tho you had heart trouble, may have plenty of ambition but no strength, get weak and waste away.

If such conditions are permitted to continue, serious results are sure to follow; Bri-ht's disease, the very worst form cf kidney trouble, may steal upon you.

Most people do not realize the alarming increase and remarkable preva'.ency cf kidney disease. While kidney disorders are the most common diseases that prevail, they are almost the last recognized by patient and physicians, irho content themselves uiih doctoring the effects, while the original disease undermines the system.

If you are sick or feeling badly.begin taking Dr. Kilmer's Swamp - Root, the great kidney, liver and bladder "remedy, because as soon as your kidneys begin to get better, they will help the other organs to health. In taking Swamp-Root, you afford natural help to Nature, for it is the most perfect henlsr and gentle aid to the kidneys that has ever been discovered.

If you are already convinced that Swamp- Root is what you need, yen can purchase the regular fifty-cent and one-dollar size bottles at ail drug stores. Don't make any mistake, but remember the name, Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, and the address, Binghamton, N. Y.j which you will find on every bottle.

SAMPLE BOTTLE FREE. - To prove the wonderful merits of Swamp- Root you may have a sample bottle and a book of valuable information, both sent absolutely free by mail. The book contains many of the thousands cf letters received from men and women who found Swamp-Root to be just tae remedy they needed. The value of Swamp-Root is so well-known that our readers are advised to send for a sample bottle. Address Dr. Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., be sure to say you read this generous offer in The Ohio Farmer.

To Weave Your Own Fence at 24c per rod out of coiled hard steel spring wire. WIRE at » HOLESALE. Farm Gates. Catalog f ree - tells how to build fence and why you should use coiled steel wire. Carter Wire Fence Machine Co., Box 18 , Mt. Sterling, Ohio.

S. Cu1.Bertson. Ironton. Ohio

Home Telephone Company. - We have a mutual telephone system with 375 members. Would it be proper for us to incorporate? If so. how shall we proceed? We now run under the assessment plan. F. W. S. - It would seem that it would not only be proper but would be an excellent business move to incorporate your company, as the business can be much more expeditiously handled by a board of ! directors than it can be by the joint action of 375 members. Write to the Secretary of State at Columbus for blank incorporation papers. With them he will send you full instructions, but you will probably require the services of an attor- ! ney to properly complete the incorporation. - H. L. S.

County Ditch. - I am one of 19 petitioners for a ditch improvement. The County Commissioners granted an improved ditcji. There have been filed in court suits for damages in tire sum of $35,000 against the Commissioners and against the petitioners. May the petitioners properly be made defendants with the county? J. W. - Inasmuch as*under certain circumstances the abutting land owners are liable for the damages assessed by the County Commissioners it might be proper to make the petitioners defendants in such a suit. It can not be said definitely j whether it is proper or not. because so much depends upon what action has been taken by the County Commissioners in regard to the matter. aiM also unon the other circumstances in the case. I think that in a matter of th!s kind you should consult local counsel. - H. L. S.

Strong

and rigidness, then look to the Ualvanizing. Pile it and see how flick that is. Wo want you to satisfy yourself that for yon. Brown Fence is the best fence to buy for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Pips, Chickens, etc. Our fences are made of extra heavy Steel Wire, -both strand and stay wires No. 9 gauge.

The Brown Fence & Wire Co., Cleveland. Ohio

Easytopntup. Bull-proof and Pip-tight. Stands stanch, solid and rigid. Won't sag or bag down. Our prices are less than you would pay for much lighter fences, - fences not naif so durable. Write today for sampie and catalog showing 133 styles. THE BROWN FENCE & WIRE CO., CLEVELAND. OHIO.

Strongest, most practical, most durable - every horizontal b;.r is double strength. hit:h carbou, spring steel win - t ross bars are wrapped three times around every horizontal b.r - the lust overlaps the other two and forms a positive, secure knot. Page Hog Fence is economicalfew posts, few staples and no bottom boards. Write for catalog and folder before you buy a fence, and ask about our hog fence anchors. Page Woven Wire Feace Co., Box 1011, Adrian, Mich.

Made of high carbon Steel Wire llorse-hlgh. Bull-strong, Chl'-ken-tlght. Sold direct to the Farmer at lowest manufacturers prices on 30 Days Free Trial, freight prepaid. 100 pare Catalogue and price-list fruu.

Kits Elm Am Bros

riT/Rs ri'Ri,«» in <; to i 4 DAYS, PAZO OTNTMKNT is mmrnntecd to cure any case of Ttcliing, Blind, Blinding or I'mrrudinfij Piles in 6 to li days, or money refunded. 50c,

Money Invested

Exclusive territory. This is a big money-ma 1: in g ^reposition. Write for particulars and catalogue. THE FflJST W.HE gag CO., Cuveund. Ohio.

Terms Of Subscription

We guarantee to stop sending paper when the time for which It is paid has expired, so that, to avoid missing any numbers, all should renew promptly.

Always send money by draft, postofnce money order, registered letter, or by express. We will not be responsible for money sent in letters. Address all communications to, and make al I drafts, checks and postoflice orders payable to The I.awj ence Publishing Co.

Rates Of Advertising

WE GUARANTEE to stop THE OHIO FARMER immediately upon expiration of time subscribed for, and we will pay all expenses for defending any suit brought against any subscriber to The Ohio Farmer by the publisher of any farm paper which has been sent after the time ordered has expired, providing you return such papers to your postmaster unread, tell him to notify the publishers that you refuse to accept them, and you send us due notice before suit Is started.

Avoid future trouble by refusing to subscribe for any farm paper which does not print, In each Issue, a definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscription.

Current Comment Our Prize Contests

We have received 62 applications for the corn contest and only 32 for the poultry contest. It hardly seems possible that there are only 62 hoys and 32 girls among -the 130,000 families and homes visited by the Ohio Farmer, who have vim and ambition enough to engage in these highly educational and useful contests. To make them lively and interesting we should have at least 200 girls and as many boys enrolled. We announced that we would send out a circular of explanations and conditions to every one who applied. We have decided, instead, to pubfish the circular in our next magazine department, Jan. 18 issue, in the Boys' and Girls' department. In this way all our boy and girl readers will get it, and every one can then decide whether to enter the contest or not. Look out for it Jan. 18. We ask every parent to read it when it comes and if conditions are favorable, to start their sons and daughters into the work. Every boy who expects to be a farmer should seize this opportunity to demonstrate what he can accomplish with an acre of ground in corn, and every girl, whether she expects to spend her life on the farm or not, can find no better method of discipline than a year's careful, intelligent and methodical management of a small flock of poultry, keeping careful record, and learning how to be successful. The prizes in both contests are worth striving for, but the knowledge and discipline that faithful work will secure are worth far more than all the prizes combined. Kvery contestant can secure these, and <\ery contestant can have an equal chance to secure ono of the prizes. An extra nv ', >py of the January ISth issue will he sent to every one who en-

Denatured Alcohol. Revenue Commissioner in his recent report gives some interesting facts relating to denatured alcohol. During the six months ended June 30 last, 3,084,950 gallons of alcohol were withdrawn from bond for denaturation, and 1,397,861 gallons were denatured; 1,355,763 gallons of this were distributed to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and others not registered dealers; druggists took only 295,670 gallons, for domestic use.largely. Of specially denatured alcohol for manufacturers' use, 375,276 gallons were shipped from bonded warehouses. The total of completely and special denatured alcohol that went into consumpti'on was 1,713,040 gallons, leaving 1,353,909 gallons in warehouse stock. Great Britain, during the last fiscal year (ended March 31), produced 6,800,000 wine gallons, and Germany (during year ended Oct. 1, 1904) produced 37,000,000 gallons - 10 millions used for industrial purposes and 27 millions for light and fuel. The Commissioner says, that some of the causes why industrial alcohol has net found proportionate favor here are - the lack of appliances for domestic consumption, the lack of education in its use, and the competition of petroleum. In Germany there are 70,000 farm distilleries, and only 1.0 in this country; the price in Germany is 27 cents a gallon, and here the average price is about 36 cents. The Commissioner's report does not cover the period since Sept. 1, 1907, when the amended law went into effect. The six months embraced in the report embraces a period when the- manufacture was all confined to large distilleries. During the four months under the amended law but little progress has been made in farm or neighborhood manufacture, because (as hitherto explained) Of high prices of farm products, lack of education in production, and the comparative scarcity of waste products that could profitably be used* in producing alcohol. With alcohol at 36c, it can not compete with petroleum. If conditions are favorable the coming year we predict much progress in the production of industrial alcohol, and a reduction in price that will largely increase its use for fuel and light. The Commissioner calls attention to the fact that there has been little or no loss of revenue from the use of denatured or untaxed alcohol and the expense of administering the new law was only $43,266. It was expected to be much larger, and Congress appropriated $250,000 for expenses. There were few, if any, attempts at fraud in the production and distribution of untaxed spirits.

Cuyahoga County (Cleveland) turned over to the treasury, $177,057.44 in fees. Under the old fee system the auditor would have been entitled to this sum, less expense of the office. The total fees due to the various offices have not all been collected, but the estimate for the year ending Dec. 31. is about $280,000, or over $50,000 more than all salaries for county officers and clerks. This sum is saved to the county by the new salary system. The salaries in this county are liberal - in every case probably two or three times as much as the officials could make in business of their own. yet they are not satisfied. They are demanding an increase in allowances for expenses, including increases in salaries, to the amount of nearly $10,000. The sheriff is the only exception - he asks for a less sum than last year. In the face of the existing money stringency there should be curtailment instead of extravagance. If the officials were on the fee system there wrmld be no increase in expenses, but the contrary - retrenchment. County officials are combining again, it is reported, for the repeal of the salary law and a return to the oM. outrageous fee system. Anv official who does this should be annihilated, officially. Taws shovld be made for the wrlfrre of the praple.and not for the sole benefit of officeholders. The salary system will no doubt need some adjusting to make it fair and just to all, but it will never be abandoned. It will be revised as fast as defects are discovered, and will become fixed and permanent. Let officials work for this and they will receive the endorsement of the people.

granting a temporary injunction to stop the boycott of the American Federation of Labor against a stove company, because that company maintained an "open shop," will receive the most hearty endorsement of every fair and honorable man in this country. The American Federation of Labor was boycotting every dealer who patronized the stove company, in every locality where labor unions existed. They were simply trying to ruin the firm's business because that firm believed in employing any good laborer, whether a union man or not. Judge Gould, in his decision, declared that a combination of two or more persons, with a power to do injury which they could not do individually, has always been considered wrong and illegal. The American Federation of Labor is endeavoring to secure laws that wiil legalize their boycotts. In other words, they want freedom to exercise their combined power to crush out all opposition to labor union demands, right or wrong. If they ever secure this, goodbye to the liberty and freedom which our forefathers fought for in establishing this government. The black spot upon labor unions is the employment of force to accomplish their purpose, which purpose is no more nor less than a monopoly of labor - a labor trust. They call every laborer who refuses to join a union a "scab," and do not hesitate to employ force to prevent him from finding employment, and in cases of strikes they do not hesitate to injure him, and sometimes kill him. Every serious strike that has occurred in this country has been accomplished by violence, disorder, lawlessness, destruction, and often, death. Witness the street railway strike now going on at Muncie, Indiana. The strikers are using brutal and destructive measures to prevent the operation of the street car lines, in open and defiant violation of law and the recognized common and legal rights of American citizens. The same is true, in substance, at Goldfield, Colorado. The injunction is the only legal thing in existence to prevent these great wrongs and injustice, in emergencies. Labor unions must not use force or the boycott, for the purpose of compelling employers to do what they want, or to debar non-union men from employment. They must submit to the law. They must be compelled to recognize the fact that every man in this country has the right to run his own business and employ whom he pleases, and that every non-union laborer has the same rights that a member of any union has - to work where and when he pleases, when opportunity offers. This is a free country. Men can not legally combine for the injury or destruction of any honest concern or business. We believe in labor organization to protect the wurkingman's rights and interests, but not to conspire for the destruction of any legal and honest business or any person who has the manhood to assert and maintain his constitutional rights. Labor organizations have become so strong that they have become foolishly defiant. President Gompers has recently declared that American workingmen will not submit to the reduction of wages threatened under existing stringent conditions. He says that workingmen are not responsible for the financial stringency anil therefore should not suffer for it. President Gompers will find that if prices of material and of products decline, and if demand decreases and factories have to close and throw a large number of men out of employment, the rate of wages will be reduced in proportion, and the men who are lucky enough to find work will be glad to accept the "going" wages. Labor unions can push wages up to some extent "-hen conditions are favorable, but not when conditions will not justify an Increase, and when conditions are depres.unE no power cm prevent wages going down. Farmers, merchants, manufacturers and business men generally are no more responsible for the financial stringency than workingmen, yet they all must suffer on account of it, to greater or less extent. They can't help themselves. Wall street speculators are primarily responsible for the trouble but they are not the only class to suffer the consequences. All business interests must share in any loss that ensues.

The Parcel Post

We present below the views of one of our leading correspondents on this subject. Others will be published as fast as we can make room. We invite all other readers to send their views for publication. We will publish all we can find room for.

A More Libera I. Parcels Post

1 received a package of premium lists of the National Corn Exhibit from Chicago. The package weighed 8 pounds and the express charges were 90 cents. By dividing it into two packages of 4 pounds each it could have been sent by mail, under our present parcels post law, and the postage would have been $1.28. This shows how valueless the existing law is even in competition with excessive express rates.

The principal arguments against the proposed parcels post law are that it would increase the deficit in the department and ruin the jobber and country merchant. These arguments are the most fallacious nonsense. There are, in round numbers, 38,000 rural routes. They carry on an average 20 pojmds of mail- matter each. Ten or twelve times this weight would not greatly increase the cost cf carriage and it would so increase the postal receipts that the deficit would not only be wiped out but a good balance would appear on the right side of the ledger.

Now as to the effect on the country merchant. When rural free delivery of mails was being introduced they fought it tooth and toe-nail. They thought it spelled ruin to their business, and there was some apparent show of truth in their arguments. Many of them were postmasters. They would lose their source of revenue and they reasoned that as farmers would no longer be obliged to go to the store for their mail, they would lose the trade that these frequent visits usually brought. The results show, most emphatically, that their objections were not well taken. There never has been a time in the history of the country when the country merchants were more prosperous than since the advent of rural "free delivery of mails. Farmers prefer to trade with their home merchants when they can get of them what they want and get it as cheap as elsewhere. They are obliged to cut all sentiment out of business and there is no earthly reason why they should patronize the country merchant exclusively when they find they can save money by buying of some other dealer.

The special rate for the rural routes as proposed by Postmaster General Meyer would greatly accommodate farmers, would be a source of revenue to the department, and would afford a convenient and profitable way for the country merchant to dispose of his goods. The proposition is to make the rate 5 cents for the first pound and

2 cents for each additional pound, so that the proposed limit of 11 pounds would be carried for 25 cents. Most farmers now have telephone connection with the store. With this beneficent law enacted farmers' wives would no longer be dependent on the feeble memories of their husbands. They could order directly from the merchant himself and their goods would be promptly deliver: 1.

The exclusive parcel-carrying business by the express companies, with their exorbitant charges, makes them immensely profitable corporations. Their stock pays the most unheard-of dividends. Naturally they will put up the strongest, most stubborn fight against a more liberal parcels post law. They are powerfully intrenched monopolies. They will secure the strongest lobby that their aggregated wealth can employ, and it stands the farmers in hand to put up the fight of their lives.

personal appeal. Petitions are good in their way, but private letters have a far greater weight. Everybody signs petitions, but when our law-makers get a private letter they know the writer wouldn't go to the trouble of writing if not in dead earnest about the matter. And they want to know, too, how their constituents feel about this matter. If every farmer would write his Congressman an unmistakable hut courteous letter it would have a greater weight than all the lobbies that opposing interests could employ. Then let us give them a deluge of letters. Let us show them that we have at least a two-cent interest in the parcels post, and that we are determined to have it, if nt>t by their aid then by rome one else who has more regard for the interests of the people. - E. P. Snyder, Huron Co., 0.

The Week

Politics _ Dec. 30 Secretary Wm. H. Taft. made his first public appearance s'nce his recent tour around the world, delivering' an address before the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, at Boston. He made plain the fact that he stood squarely with the national administration upon the prosecution of unrighteous corporations, and he denied that the financial depression was due to the President's aggressive policy. He insisted that capital that tries to suppress competition bv unfair methods should be restrained by law; that if discrimination can not be suppressed property rights . will perish and socialism soon rule the country; that the recent financial flurry was due to the loss of capital and destruction of confidence thru exposure of di-honest methods in business. It was the first strong speech in the Secretary s campaign for the presidential nomination and stated in a broad, plain manner the 1;asic principles upon which the candidate would build his policies. - The political kettle has been boiling merrily in Ohio during the past few days. The Taft leaders are fn complete control of the Republican state central committee and the committee has been busy devising a system of primary election of delegates to the state convention that will suit all counties and congressional districts. The primaries will be called for Feb. 11. between 1 P. M. and 7 P. M. The state convention for the selection of four delegatesat-large to the national convention will be held at Columbus. March 3-4. All delegates must be selected at the February primary and in no other manner. It will be a clear test of whether the people of the state favor Candidate Taft rather than Candidate Foraker for the presidential nomination; there is little doubt that the convention will give Taft a great vote of approval, and this will certainly be the course of justice and fairness to all concerned. Senator Foraker now declares the call for the primaries illegal and hard to understand. Attorney General Ellis says it is all right and plainly stated. It is now asserted that Senator Foraker will carry the fight into the Legislature and try to get a law passed to prevent the Taft plan of primaries.

Relations With Japan. - Ambassador Aoki sailed from San Francisco for home on Jan. 7. He has served at his Washington post for about a year and a half, being the first ambassador to this country from Japan. On account of his extensive diplomatic experience he is well qualified for the place. Official and diplomatic Washington was well represented in the gathering to extend good wishes to the departing ambassador and his wife. On his departure Aoki said: "We shall take back home with us to Japan only the kindliest feeling for America srnd for her people and the highest regard for her institutions." He further stated that he was confident that an amicable settlement of the immigration question would soon be reached, and that that was the only question of importance that is row up for consideration by the two countries. Jan. 1 the report came from Tokio that the Japanese government had handed the American ambassador a reply to the recent suggestions from this eountry that were aimed to assist them in perfecting plans for the future restriction of emigration. The terms of the reply were not made public but it is intimated that some of the American suggestions were accepted while others were rot. It is learned that Japan has accepted the suggestions by which the exclusion of coolies from this country will recome effective thru Japanese restriction, provided President Roosevelt will ceto any bill providing for their exclusion. This will save the Japanese coolies being placed upon the same footing as the Chinese.