Farmer Township (part 6 of 25)

Voice Of The People

We have received a large mass of communications on the tax question, initiative and referendum, parcel post, postal bank and other subjects. It is impossible to publish all of them without surrendering the greater part or all of our practical farm departments, and this we will not do. The established character of the Ohio Farmer as a practical, useful, reliable farm paper must be maintained at all hazards, but we shall give all the space possible to the discussion of important questions of political economy, legislation, etc. In order to give as many of our readers as possible a chance to express their views it will be necessary to condense the lengthy articles and avoid detailed repetition of arguments. The impending tax question in Ohio is important and farmers should have all the information possible to enable them to decide intelligently atlthe coming election this fall. We shall give all the space we can to these matters without seriously encroaching upon the regular departments. We request all who write on these questions of politcal economy, etc., not to repeat arguments that have been clearly presented; simply express your endorsement, and give new or additional arguments. Following are condensed statements of correspondents, and others will be given in succeeding issues:

Agaixst Initiative And Referendum

The initiative and referendum proposition as it passed the House requiring a majority of all the votes cast at the election to carry any proposition, is right. If a proposition fails it is from lack of votes, because the people do not want it. We have too much legislation. If the Legislature would adjourn for ten years it would be a great blessing. We would gain nothing hy starting a new legislative mill, by the people. What new law is needed? I know of none unless it is state prohibition, and it would do no good to carry it with a minority vote. The I. & R. measure is a scheme to bring about Socialism and Henry Georgeism. Under Henry Georgeism the land would go back to barbarism, weeds and bushes. Popular vote in New York wasted $100,000,000 on the old canal relic, that never will be of any use. Farmers and home owners who have any regard for the welfare of the state will help to bury these twin amendments so deep they will never be heard of again. - Thos. Hale, Summit Co., O.

Postal Savings Bank

It would have more influence than anything else in encouraging the saving habit. There would be more thrift, industry and suceess, as shown in other countries where it is in operation. Saving would become an instinct and every depositor would become a small capitalist. In England, Holland, France, and other countries the postal bank has proved a great success, and profitable to the government. Conditions in this country would make it more successful than in any other country. Every postoffice would be a place 6f deposit, and rural route patrons could deposit with the carriers. To encourage saving by children, sheets with blank spaces are provided; the children can buy postage stamps and paste them in the blank spaces till the amount reaches 10 cents; the sheet is then given to a postmaster who cancels the stamps and enters the credit in a "pass book" which is given to every depositor. All deposits and withdrawals, and interest due, are entered in this pass book. The absolute safety and the convenience afforded would make the postal bank universally popular. Bankers are the principal objectors to this system, as they believe it would deprive them of part of their patronage. But it would be only to a limited extent. Private banks do most of their business with capitalists. The laboring class and people with small incomes do not have entire confidence in banks, and in the -bsence of security, hoard their savings. A very small percent of the rural and laboring classes have any dealings with banks. In countries where postal banks exist.the laborers, servant girls, factory girls, children, and all others of small means, deposit their savings, and watch with interest the gradual but sure increase. Banks usually close at 3 P. M. Laborers can't deposit till the day's work is done. Hence the great advantage of the postal bank which is open mornings and evenings, or whenever the postoffice is open. In the end, the postal bank would be to the banker's advantage. Banks are of service to business men who must do business by the check system. The postal bank is to encourage small savings, to induce the savings habit, and does not interfere with the regular banking system. The two have different fields, and the postal bank would, in the end, increase the patronage of other banks, for the small depositor after several years, "'ould have money to loan or go int > business. The postal bank would bring millions of dead money into circulation - money that is hidden by thousands who are afraid of banks. This would promote business prosperity. In every country where the postal bank has been in operation it has been a great success. - Lynford J. Hayes, Erie Co., Pa.

Taxing Mortgages

Referring to Mr. Sedgewick's article, March 21, allow me to cite the experience of California in taxing mortgages. The constitution provided that the holder of a real estate mortgage must pay tax on it; that the owner of the real estate be entitled to a just reduction in the assessment of the property on account of the mortgage, and that any agreement between mc tgagor and mortgagee, to the effect that the owner of the mortgaged property should paytaxes on the mortgage made a forfeiture of the interest. The intention was that the holder of the mortgage be disclosed by the owner of the mortgaged property. The law work 1 out as follows: When the mortgagee wanted 6 percent interest on his loan he had the note and mortgage drawn at 9 percent, and then gave the mortgagor a statement, signed by the mortgagee alone, that if the mortgagor paid all taxes on the mortgaged premises and in the mortgage, he would receive a rebate of 3 percent on the interest. I am informed that this method of evading payment of taxes by the holder of mortgages was almost universal. A year or two ago the constitution was amended so as to allow the agreement for rebate of interest to be written in the mortgage itself. - Edwin Squire, Claremont, Cal.

Automobile Law

It is useless to make a legal rate of speed for automobiles. The law is ignored, violated every day and hour in Akron. The only arrest I have heard of for 6 months was that of a farmer who drove his team on the wrong side of the street. The last time I was in Akron I saw a lady jump lor her life from an auto that turned a corner from the wrong side of the street. If the law can not be enforced in large cities how can it be enforced in the country where there are no police? Autos now go 20 to 30 miles per hour on dirt roads. How fast will they go on stone and brick roads the farmers are building for them? In the East, on improved roads, they run 50 to 60 miles. Leslie's Weekly wants no law to mar the pleasure of automobling. "It is- a condition, not a theory, that confronts us." There should be no more pikes built unless the autoists do it. They have fined several farmers for hauling potatoes on narrow tire wagons over a pike north of Ravenna. If the state highway department can not build a road that will stand a load of potatoes on a common wagon, it is time to quit. - Thos. Hale.

What Farmers W A Xt

They want just and equitable taxation, true valuation of all forms of property, the uniform rate, the initiative and referendum, and a temperance state. This would make it the leading state of the Union. People should be taxed on their property, not on their debts. There should be no double taxation. Advocates of classification say that it will secure honest returns. This is hiring men to be honest, and it can't be done - Geo. F. Reed, Wash. Co., O.

American Guernsey Cattle Club. - The annual meeting of the American Guernsey Cattle Club will be held at 10:30 A. M., on Wednesday, May 13, 1908, at Hotel Imperial, Broadway and 31st street. New York City. Besides the regular business of officers' reports and election of officers the meeting will discuss changes in the scale of points for the breed, an amendment to provide for early reporting of births of breed calves and the new department of the Advanced Registry. For further particulars address Win. H. Caldwell, Peterboro, N. H.

Just between you and me, is it not a significant fact that Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription is the only medicine for woman's peculiar ailments, the makers of which print a full list of its ingredients, attested under oath, on its bottlewrappers ?

"booze" when using Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription, but a good, honest, square-deal medicine adapted to woman's delicate organization by an educated, trained and experienced specialist in woman's peculiar weaknesses and ailments.

Many thousands of America's most famous physicians prescribe Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription because they know just what its composition is - which cannot be said of any other medicine advertised for the cure of woman's special ailments.

Don't be put off with some inferior substitute with no record of cures to recommend it. You can't afford to accept a secret nostrum in place of this tried and proven medicine

THOUGHTFUL, INTELLIGENT WOMEN use Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription for many good reasons. It enables them to avoid the disagreeable questionings and abhorent examinations generally deemed necessary by the family physician. It cures in the privacy of the home. If, however, you want the advice of a skilled specialist in woman's peculiar maladies, write or call upon Dr. R. V. Pierce at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, 663 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y.

Next to obtaining Dr. Pierce's Personal advice, you will find his great book - The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser, a book of over a thousand pages, copiously illustrated - offers many valuable suggestions to invalid women. It has been lately revised and brought up-to-date. Costs only 31 one-cent stamps for cloth bound, or 21 stamps in paper binding - just to cover cost of mailing only. Address as above.

Here is the kitchei) Earden of the North - where balmy air and rich soil produce crop upon crop of garden truck ten months of the year. No fertilizing or irritating necessary. No killing frosts or drouths. Excellent market facilities. Ideal place for poultry and dairying. Good prices. Land on easy terms. For particulars write F. L. MERRITT, Land and Industr'l Apt. Norfolk and Southern Railway, 27 Citizens Bank Bide., Norfolk, Va.

Et A Dmq& Farm Lands All About Texas

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma. Homes for the homeless, prosperity for the industrious, profit lorthe investor, tlayear. Stamp forsample copy. FARM AND RANCH, Dallas, Texas.

IS EQUAL to any in the United States. Level A prairie land, within 5') miles of Houston, the Chicago of the South, can be bought now at *!."». 00 to $25.00 per acre. One-third cash. It's too cheap. 1111 AM) P. L0CKW00D. 480 SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

&iH We own 155.000 acres LAST MOUN. WBBtS TAIN VAI.LHY. Saskatchewan, prairio wheatlands. We want BUYERS. Will contract with established, energetic '"jfBf WHR S/?o AGENTS. Liberal Commission. Send nils''' loc. for handsome, illustrated booklet owners in the west to sell this first-class improved 100-acre Benzie Co., Michigan, farm for f>5 per acre. Address James D. Bryan, Lake Ann, Mich.

Salem, Oregon

on the beautiful Willamette River. Hop. walnut and fruit farms pay $200 to S500 per acre net; dairy farms pay £3XJ; improved farms S'Jo to S*Jt<0 p«*r acre; tin in. proved, $5 to S2o. Excursion rates to Salem in March and April. For information and hard facts address

Southern Michigan Farms Stock - Grain - Fruit - Dairy

POT? TTT PTT.S are helne made on the celery X UllXiiJ ,and8 ot Sanfordi Florida. A request will brine you valuable informat: :i. HOWARI>-PACKART> LAKH t o.. Sanfor<i.

of Government fruit land open to entry. No crop failures under irrigation, projects backed by the Government. Cheap land, bountiful water. Special cheap rates to Idaho until April 30th, also 1st and 3d Tuesday of each month. League of Southern Idaho Commercial Clubi, BoUe, Idnhi

Bit Maude E. S. Hymers

A china closet was the one longing of my housewifely heart, but being a luxury we could not afford one for a time. When finally the family heirloom, an old-fashioned "safe" or screened cupboard, was handed down to me, I received it with mingled feelings - gratitude because I prized it as an heirloom, regret that it was not a china closet, and wonder as to where I could put it. There was no place in dining-room, kitchen or cellar that the safe was needed, and in other rooms it was not desirable because of its shabby appearance.

Looking at it one clay, I noticed for the first time its similarity to a china cabinet in the popular mission style, and straightway I went to work. First the broken knobs came off, then the battered wire screen was removed from ends, the plain molding which had held it in place was carefully taken off and laid aside. The safe was now thoroly scrubbed with strong suds containing washing soda, which removed much of the old paint along with the dirt, and the worn places where the knobs had turned were sandpapered. Then the safe was given a coat of shellac outside and in, and allowed to dry. This was followed by a first coat of weathered-oak varnish stain.

I now measured the openings in doors and ends carefully, and had the dealer cut glass for me to fit into them. Instead of using putty (which was impractical at the ends) the glass was put in from the front, being set against a narrow, plain molding tacked in. I had already measured t" 1 plain molding which originally held the screen in place, and from a lumber dealer ordered lengths of fancy molding cut to these measurements. The corners were cut to miter, so it was ready to put in place with a few slender nails; not flush with the door panels, but so it would set over on the glass about a quarter of an inch, thus holding it in place from the front.

A final coat of the oak varnish was now given the safe, and a set of new fasteners put on, and I had an attractive piece of furniture. It serves every purpose of a china cabinet, besides giving a decidedly up-to-date air to my modest dining-room.

How One Woman Managed

"Well," said Mrs. Williams, "I simply dread the thought1 of buying clothes. I seldom know just what I ought 1o btiy, and it quite often ends in my coming home from town with something which proves to be a source of dissatisfaction until it is worn out."

"Mrs. Conwell, suppose you tell us how you manage," said Mrs. Hall. "If you are like the most of us farmers' wives, you don't have as much now to spend on clothes as you did when you earned your own money before you were married, yet you look every bit as well clothed as you used to," and Mrs. Hall smiled at young Mrs. Conwell across the room.

"Well, I am no authority on dress," replied Mrs. Conwell. "but I am willing to tell you how I contrive. "In the first place. I have discovered that one may be well dressed in the country at small expense, if one's wardrobe contains three gowns, a ready-made suit, a dress of washable material, and a dressy gown. The suit should be of good material, well made, soft and quiet in color, plain in cut and minus any particular trimming, so that it may be worn for two or three years without being noticeably out of style. The gowns should be simply made, so that they can be easily remodeled, if necessary. Cheviot, serge and panama make serviceable suits; cashmere, voile, nun's veiling and silk are suitable for the 'best' dress, while mohair or Sicilian make excellent ready-to-wear gowns."

"I have found it a good plan to get samples of materials, and experiment with them at home, testing them to see if they will clean easily, wash well, etc. I always put new skirt braid into scalding water, and let it soak a few moments, then without wringing, hang it up to dry, thus shrinking it and preventing the ugly drawn look one sometimes sees around the bottom of skirts. I also sponge and press all shrinkable materials before making them up."

"Before purchasing a hat, I study my fashion magazine until I have an idea of the prevailing styles, then, when I am ready to buy, I have an inkling of what I want and by avoiding the pronounced shapes, I am usually satisfied with my purchase. I have learned that straw color, dark blue, brown, and black are the most serviceable colors for a hat, and that silk, satin or velvet ribbon of good quality, and bunches of small, closely-massed flowers with foliage are among the most economical trimmings. Really good plumes are also a satisfactory investment."

"Of course one's clothes must be properly worn, and well-cared for in order to get good results. A skirt should be kept nicely pressed, and the binding in good condition. One never looks well-dressed in a mussy waist and wrinkled skirt with frayed-out binding; no matter how nice the material may be. A long coat of light weight Oxford gray cravenette is a protection from rain, mud or dust, and is a useful garment for the farmer's wife." - Irene A. Morse, Mahoning Co., O.

Painting And Papering Hints

If the woodwork is old, the cracks and nail holes should be filled with putty after the first coat of paint. Spread the paint evenly and not too thick, using a good brush. Should any paste get onto the paint, wipe it off directly so that it will not spoil the paint. There is no better paste for papering than good thick flour paste. Mix flour with cold water until smooth, then pour on boiling water until it is cooked and of the right consistency; do not cook on the stove, for this is liable to make it lumpy. If it becomes too thick, thin by stirring in cold water. Thin watery paste soaks the paper, making the colors run, and the paper will not adhere to the wall.

Use a tracing wheel with which to cut the paper close to the edge of the baseboard and casings. So many home paper hangers spoil what would otherwise be a good job by letting the paper lap onto the woodwork.

For holding your papering tools - brush, cloth, pencil, shears and tracing wheel - have an apron made of denim or some other strong material. It requires about three-quarters of a yard, take enough from one side for belt, hem the bottom and turn up about nine inches, stitch down the center and on each edge, making two pockets.

It is belter for a beginner to avoid striped paper, for it looks badly if it is not put on true. Choose rather a paper that is well covered with the design; it will not show so plainly any defects in matching. - Mrs. J. H. Hurst, Lorain Co., O.

Rhubarb Pie. - Cut the large stalks into inch pieces, leaving the skin on, as this makes the color more dainty. Line a pie-plate with rather thick paste. To 1 quart of rhubarb add a cup of sugar, mixing well together; put into each pie-tin enough rhubarb and sugar to fill nicely, sprinkle over this a little salt, add a lump of butter and a sprinkle of grated nutmeg. Shake over all a little flour, cover with a rich pie-crust, and cut a slit in the top to let the steam escape. Bake in a quick oven. These are much better than pies made of the stewed rhubarb. - A. R. Amiable. Tioga Co., N. Y.

Food For Children By Nevada Davis Hitchcock

Sometimes mothers ask me, "Do you always give the children dessert?" and I answer, "Not always but often." My experience has been that a nourishing, tempting dessert is better than a meal of meat and vegetables alone. Cup custard contains nourishment, and usually is easily digested. It also is easily made. My way of making this custard is easily remembered because it follows the rule of three: Take three eggs, three cups of milk, three tablespoonfuls of sugar and a dash of cinnamon, pour this into six custard cups and set these cups in a pan of hot water, with water enough to come well up on the cups, and bake for one hour in a moderately hot oven. If the custard bakes too quickly, it will be watery instead of smooth and creamy.

Apple tapioca is another strengthening dessert relished by the majority of children. We like Baldwin or Northern Spy apples best for this, and we have found the following manner of pieparing it satisfactory: Pare six or eight apples, remove the cores, being careful not to leave any of the seeds or seed cases; place the apples in a baking dish and cover with tapioca which has been soaked for a couple of hours and then cooked for fifteen or twenty minutes; add sugar to suit the taste, with two or three pieces of butter the size of a pea, and season with nutmeg if liked. Bake threefourths of an hour. This pudding may be varied a little by serving with cream, either plain or whipped, or by putting a spoonful of currant or raspberry jelly on each individual dish. Peaches may be used instead of apples in the above recipe.

Sago pudding is richer than the fruit tapiocas, but even a delicate stomach may take it where the rest of the meal is light. I make it as follows: Let \'- cup of sago and 1 pint of milk cook in the double boiler (or in a saucepan over boiling water) until the sago has well swelled, then add 1 tabiespoonful of butter, % cup of sugar and a little flavoring. When cool, add 2 well-beaten eggs, pour into a buttered pudding dish and bake three quarters of an hour. Let this cool, then spread with the well-beaten whites of 2 eggs, to which 2 tablespoonfuls of powdered sugar have been added." Jelly or stewed fruit may be spread between the frosting and the pudding for a change.

A plain rice pudding is one of our favorites for both well and sick people, and is so easily made: Put % cup of boiled rice, 1 quart of milk, 3 tablespoonfuls of sugar and a little cinnamon into a pudding dish, and bake for an hour and a quarter in a moderate oven. This comes out creamy and deli clous. Then there are the rice custards, with or without raisins. And rice may be cooked with apples or other fruit by putting partially cooked rice in a pudding dish, adding the fruit and covering this with more rice. Bake until thoroly done.

Plain corn starch pudding is another faithful ally. This may be dressed up prettily, too, with jelly or stewed fruit, and made to look very tempting. Sometimes I use just plain milk and cornstarch with flavoring and a little sugar, and again I add one or two eggs. Part of the time I make the blancmange very stiff, and sometimes I make it the consistency of thick cream. In the latter case I usually add tapioca or sago, or pour it over a thin slice of toasted white bread or a steamed slice of brown bread.

When I am in a g-->at hurry and wish a quick dessert. I often pour hot stewed fruit over toasted or steamed slices of bread. Baked fruits are nice served this way. The fruit may be prepared as for stewing and then baked instead.

Then there are the gelatine puddings and the many kinds of prepared jellos which take so little time to make and which are often' very refreshing to a sick child. They look pretty and go down so easily.

"I want other suffering women to know what Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound has done for me. For months I suffered from feminine ills so that I thought I could not live. I wrote vou. and after taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, and using the treatment you prescribed. I felt like a new woman. I am now strong and well as ever, and thank you for the good you have done me."

Facts For Sick Women

For thirty years Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, made from roots and herbs, has been the standard remedy for female ills, and has positively cured thousands of women who have been troubled with displacements, inflammation, ulceration, fibroid tumors, backache, that bearing-down feeling, flatulency, indigestion, dizziness, or nervous prostration. Why don't you try it?

To Consumer

profit and pay the freight f Barn palnU from hO to a eallon. Roof Patnta from 2S t - hdc a ration. Wo ilio tell Disinfectant*. Vermin Kiterminamr*. Sheep Dip. Floor OIU. Sweeping < Vmponnds.Tro! la; ami l|nn<<> Paint*. All food* cnaranterd. Ref»r*ne<>: anv bank In PlndlaT. Writ* for rlrc*. THf OHIO PAINT A VARNISH CO . FINOUT. OHIO. (J S. »

Graham Bread. - Will some one tell me how to bake graham bread raised with yeast? Mrs. H. W. G., Pleasantville, O - Make it the same as you do your white bread except that you use i/2 graham andVa white flour, and add 1 tablespoonful of sugar or molasses for every pint of liquid used in making your sponge, and bake in a moderate oven about 45 minutes. Or you can use all graham flour thus For every loaf of bread desired, take 1 pint of your white sponge, add 1 tablespoonful of sugar or molasses, and stir in enough graham flour to make a batter stiff enough to stir hard but not stiff enough to knead. Put into a greased tin, let rise an hour and bake in a moderate oven for 45 minutes. But a better bread results if you use at least a third white flour instead of all graham.

Rhubarb Pudding. - Chop rhubarb fine, put into a pudding dish, and sprinkle sugar over it. Make a batter ojf 1 cupful of sour milk, 2 eggs, a piece of butter the size of an egg, % teaspoonful of soda and enough flour to make a stiff batter. Spread this over the rhubarb and bake until done. Turn out on a platter upside down, so that the rhubarb will be on the top. Lerve with sugar and cream. - A. R. Annable.

Olive Oil Test. - The finest olive oil is a pale green color. Deep golden yellow, a brown yellow or deep green oil is always an inferior article. Peanut oil presence is readily appreciable by its peculiar nutty flavor. If pure olive oil is allowed to stand at freezing temperature from two to three hours, it should form a whitish, granular mass, or at least have many white particles suspended in it. Another test is easily made by setting a small bottle of the oil in a pan of ice water; should it in three hours' time still be clear, it is an excellent indication that it has been adulterated, or is some Other kind of oil than olive. - Francis L. Risley, Tolland Co., Conn.

OUR PATTERNS. Price 10 cents. Waist and skirt patterns are usually separate, therefore be sure to send 20 cents for a two-piece suit pattern which has two numbers, i. e., a waist number and a skirt number; if such a pattern has but one number, send only 10 cents. Order by number and title of pattern. If for children, give age; for adults, give bust measure for waists, and waist measure for skirts. Address orders to Pattern Department. The Ohio Farmer, Cleveland, Ohio. Complete catalog, containing 1,000 spring and summer designs, will be sent you postpaid for 16 cents.

Seasonable Styles For Juveniles

Children's dresses are prettier than ever this season, and the majority of them are very simple, showing the long-waisted effect which has been so popular during the last few years. Some of them are worn with guimpes, and these are made with waists cut on the ever popular jumper design.

2262 - Boy's Russian Suit, consisting of a blouse closed at right side of front, and knickerbockers. Suitable for serge! mohair, cambric or khaki, with collar. cuffs, bias band and belt in a contrasting color, trimmed with braid. 4 Sizes. 2 to 5 years.

1923 - Girl's Jumper Dress, with a separate guimpe. Plain colored challis, or English delaines are suitable for this attractive jumper dress. worn with a guimpe of white dotted swiss. 4 Sizes, 6 to 12 years.

2252 - Girl's One- Piece Dress, flowered or plain dimity or challie. with a guimpe of all-over embroidery, and trimming of velvet ribbon. 4 Sizes, 6 to 12 years.

2270 - Child's Tucked French Dress, with yoke. White or light colored Persian lawn or dimity arc suitable for this frock. 4 Sizes, 2 to 5 years.

1974 - Child's Plaited One-Piece Dress, with or without epaulets. Mohair, cashmere, voile, henrietta cloth, chambray or French gingham are all serviceable for this style. 4 Sizes. 1 to 7 years.

2292 - Miss's Jumper Dress. Tucked jumper, with attached four-gored skirt, and a separate guimpe having long or three-quarter length sleeves. A good model for lawn or organdie. 3 Sizes - 13 to 17 years.

2311 - Lady's Work Apron. Oreen-andwhite figured dimity has been used for this attractive little all-cover apron. 4 Sizes - 32. 36. 40 and 44.

2291 - Lady's Nine-Gored Kilt-Plaited Skirt. Pinafore style. Panama-cloth. serge, voile, or any of the checked or striped novelty worsteds are suitable for the development of this pattern. 6 Sizes - 22 to 32.

As a user of buggies and carriages, you ought to know more about them. Perhaps you have been going to your retail dealer at home, picking out a certain buggy that was pleasing to your eye, paying him the price he asked and let that settle the matter. You wouldn't have done that if you had known that you could save from $25 to $40 and have gotten the same buggy or a better one by another plan - would you? Our free 192-page catalog will explain all this, tell you how you can send your order right to the manufacturer, and get a buggy made just as you want it.finished in a tasty and attractive manner, guaranteed fully for two years, and sent to you on a very liberal 30- Day Free Trial Plan. This large catalog will give you a much bigger variety of goods to select from than you will find in the showrooms of any dealers in U. S. Over 125 styles of vehicles and over 50 styles of harness, with very lowest wholesale manufacturer's price direct to you, quoted in plain figures for each style of vehicle and each style of harness - prices guaranteed to save you 33 Mi to 50 percent. This large book will give you information regarding construction of vehicles that you have never had before, so that when you get ready to buy a new buggy, phaeton, surrey, carriage, driving wagon or harness, you will know how to buy it, how to save money and get best value possible for money you spend. Write for this free catalog to Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co., Station 33, Columbus, O.

A telephone wire draws lightning into your telephone, and then into your house. As there are miles of this telephone wire to be struck, your telephone or your house may be totally destroyed, altho the i storm may be miles away. To open the | switch, or remove the fuses, will not keep the lightning out of the house. The only safe way is to install a switch which disconnects the 'phone from the line wire and connects it to the ground outside of the house by simply pulling a button I when the storm is approaching. The only switch of this kind is the "No-Risk" Ar- i rester. manufactured by W. E. Ashbv Co., Chariton. Iowa, which is sold under a positive guarantee to protect vour 'phone against lightning. If you mention the Ohio Farmer when writing, thev will send frep circulars.

<J All that can be said of the Singer is as nothing compared to the way the Singer speaks for itself. Singer results tell the story of Singer success.

-I The best way to prove the superiority of the Singer is to try it - try it in your own home - test it by the most difficult work you know.

The Singer lasts a lifetime. The half a century's reputation behind the Singer proves its supremacy - why not let the millions of Singers in the homes all over the world prove which is the best machine for you ?

We nave more than 100. 000 satisfied customer* In more than 17,000 cities. Tillages and towns In the United States who have each saved from lf> to 140 by buying a Kalamazoo stove or range oa direct from onr factory at actual f&ctorv prices. No stove 01 range has a higher reputation or gives better satisfaction. Yon n>n no risk. You save all dealers' profit*. We pay the freight.

(Conducted by \V. C. Fair, V. S.) Advice through this department is free to our subscribers. Kach communication should state history and symptoms of the rase in full; also name and address of writer. Initials only will be published. In acute cases, where we believe that immediate treatment will be necessary, reply will be made by return mail, free.

Enlarged Scrotum. - Colt castrated a year ago has bunch in the scrotum. It seems like a testicle but is soft. P. N. H., Vickery, O. - Are you sure that both testicles were removed when he was castrated? It may be a testicle that has descended since the operation. If so, it should be removed. It may be scrotal hernia, and if it is a surgical operation will make him well. Perhaps a tumor has grown on the end of cord which needs cutting off. The case requires the attention of a veterinarian. If it is not convenient to consult one leave him alone and he may get well without an operation.

Hernia. - Colt castrated a year ago, has a rupture at one side of sheath. G. H. G., Sistersville, W. Va. - A surgical operation is the only treatment that will give satisfactory results. It should be done by a competent veterinarian.

Exostosis. - Colt has bony enlargements on hind leg between hoof and pastern joint. A sow is troubled with paralysis of hind quarters. H. W. S., Haydenville, O. - Your colt suffers from ringbones situated high up. If they produce.no lameness you had better leave them alone for blistering such enlargements frequently start them growing. Your sow is incurable. Change her feed if you keep her.

Mare Cleaned Improperly. - Filly lost her colt 4 days before due. She has slimy discharge from vagina. J. H. H.,Haviland, O. - Put 20 drops carbolic acid, 40 drops glycerine and 1 oz. hyposulfite soda in a quart of water. Mix it with feed and give to her night and morning. Also inject her with 1 part permanganate potash and 500 parts water, once a day.

Blood Poison - Barren Mare. - Horse has several sores on different parts of body. A mare, 14 years old, has never had a colt, but has been bred several times. She has leucorrhea. D. F. M., Harmony. Pa. - Burn sores with nitrate silver, twice a week, and apply 1 part bichloride mercury to 100 parts water, twice a day. Do not apply ointment. Put 1 oz. bicarbonate soda in an oz. tepid water and inject mare twice a day. Also mix equal parts carbolic acid and glycerine and give her 4 drops once a day. This had better be diluted in water and mixed with feed.

Impure Blood. - Mare is troubled with eruptions on different parts of body. Her limbs stock some and hind legs appear affected with grease heal. E. R., Wolcott, Ind. - Give her a teaspoonful of Fowler's solution at a dose in feed. 3 times a day. and apply 1 part bichloride mercury and 100 parts water to sores, once a day; also apply calomel once a day. A run on grass will do her good.

Castration. - I would like information concerning castration of a bull. Should the white covering of testicle be removed at time of operation or should it be allowed to retract back into body? E. H., Blanchester. O. - The right way to cas- .trate a bull is to remove end of sack; cut thru the white membrane you speak of and cut it loose from cord. Cut the cord with either an emasculator or ecrasuer. If not. the bleeding should be stopped by tying a piece of sterilized catgut around cord. This of course does not need to be removed, but soon absorbs. Some operators prefer to remove a portion of the tunic with the cord and testicle; however. I prefer not to do so. for in cutting it off peritonitis is more likely to follow. Many non-professional castrators do not use enough cleanliness in performing the operation, thereby infecting the animal which prevents the wound from healing.

Mare Refuses to Own Colt. - What can be done to make a mare own her colt? Can colt be raised on cows' milk? M. J. M.. Walker, W. Va. - If you hopple mare and tie her in a position where she can not get away from colt, she may soon own it. If she does not you should use cleanliness in feeding utensils and dilute the cows' milk with one-third or one-half of water. I prefer to feed them on equal partiS until they are about 2 months old. then one-third water and two-thirds milk. About the third month they may be fed cows' milk.

Bog Spavin. - Horse got hurt and has puffy swelling in hock joint. It causes no lameness. J. M. M.. Mitchell. Ind. - Apply equal parts camphorated oil and tincture iodine to bunch, once a day. If you are not oblighed to work him it might be well to apply a light blister, using cerate of can thar ides or any one of the blisters ndvertised in this paper.

Calves Scour. - Calves have scours shortly after they arc born. I keep them In a clean basement barn with cement floor. G. H.. West View, O. - All young stock do better out of basement stables, no matter how dry they are. Keep calves In a dry. well-lighted stable. The milk from a fresh cow Is laxative and it Is possible that your calves suck too much. The cow's udder may not he clean or your calves may become Infected thru navel opening. Apply a little oxide zinc or carbolic ointment to sores once or twice a clay until they heal. Feed calves on milk from a cow that has been fresh some time. Be sure and ?oald the milking utensils thoroly. It is dangerous to medicate calves Of that age. Ascertain the cause and remove It.

powdered kamala, once a day, and a teaspoonful castor oil or enough to move bowels. Use your judgement as to how long to keep up the treatment.

on pasture and doing well. Some hay left over. Wheat all right and growing fine. Very little good coin. Fruit trees in full bloom. Hay $12; corn, 70c; wheat. 90c; butter, 21c; potatoes, 80c; eggs. 11 %c. Ground too wet to haul manure or plow. Many tobacco beds sown. A large amount of wire fence being put up. - H. B. Strout.

Knox Co.. O., (C.) April 20. - Farmers are late sowing oats. Wheat and grass looks fine. Plowing of sod is the main work. Sheep are shearing light on account of not being grained. Hogs are advancing in price. Cattle looking good. Farmers busy getting ground ready for planting. Some potatoes planted. Timber just budding out. - H. W. Deenis.

Gallia Co., O.. (S. C.) April 20. - Wet and cool. Stock wintered well, pasture coming on nicely; some stock turned out. Cattle,4@4%c; horses in good demand and high; hogs and pigs in better demand than for months; lambs, 5V4c for July delivery; butter, 20c; eggs, 13c; wheat. $1; corn, 65c. Farmers behind with plowing, owing to incessant rains. Not much oats sowed. Roads in bad condition. Sawmills doing nothing so far. - S. N. Rees.

Oceana Co.. Mich.. (W. C.) April 20. - Weather changeable. Stock looking well. Wheat came thru in good shape; everything starting up nicely. Potatoes. 60c; butter, dairy. 24c, creamery, 31c. Farm work well under way. Pea sowing for factory will begin this week. Weather favorable for rushing all work. - R. H. Taylor.

Delaware Co.. O., (C.) April 21. - More ice this month than last. Fair weather. Inquiries for horses are numerous, with prices about as high as usual. Butcher cattle in demand; hogs scarce at a good price. A good season for lambs and little pigs. Not much change in prices since last month. Farm work coming along fine, plenty of rain for growing crops. Fruit trees in bloom. - W. E. Watkins.

Geauga Co., O., (N. E.) April 20. - Too wet to work the ground. Stock doing well. Wheat looks well; some oats sown; wheat. 90c; corn. 80c; seed oats, 70c; veal calves. 5%@6c; hogs. 5c; pigs old enough to wean. $3 head; eggs. 13c; butter, 28c. Sugar season lasted three weeks, good yield and quality. Prospect for fruit good. - F. L. S.

Tippecanoe Co.. Ind., (W. C.) April 23. - A wet April with little sunshine. Most stock came thru in good condition. Few fat cattle and hogs. Cattle. 3%@6c; hogs. 5%@6c; fat sheep, 4%@5%c; veals. 5%c. Wheat and grasses look fine. More hay in county than for many years, dull sale at $12(5)14; corn. 55c; wheat. 88c; oats. 44 ffl46c: rye. 65@70c; clover seed. $14; timothy. $2.75 ;butter, 20c; eggs. 15c. A backward spring for work but not for crops. Oats about all sown. Some plowing sod. Not as much demand for farm labor as usual; wages, $21 for single man. - L. T. Ross.

Clinton Co.. O., (S. W.) April 20. - Fine growing weather, but too much rain. Live stock wintered well. Pastures ready to turn on. Little oats sowed. Considerable thin wheat. Last year's1 clover seeding good. All fruit in bloom except apples. Most cherries were killed. Wheat. 91c: corn. 60@65e;timothy hay. $8(5)9: fat hogs. 6c: fat lambs, clipped. 6%c: eggs. 15c:butter, 22c. Farmers behind with work because of rains. Considerable sod to plow yet. Young pigs and lambs doing well. - N. R. Vandervort.

Carroll Co.. O.. (E. C.) April 20. - Wet and backward but considerable plowing has been done Wheat Is improving and promises a pretty full crop. Meadows and pastures good; hay prospects very good. Few oats sown yet: ground too cold. Farm hands scarce and high. -Oats. 70c: corn. 90c; hogs rather slow; horses higher than ever. Fruit prospects very good. - J. L. Buchanan.

Comanche Co.. Okla.. (S. C.) April 20. - Everything doing well since recent rain. Strawberries ripe. Garden stuff doing fine. Peaches and apricots are growing fast. Corn being cultivated. Green bug doing some damage to oats and wheat. - Jas. M. F.

Henderson Co.. Tenn.. (W. C.) April 19. - Very warm with heavy rains. Some frost on 8th and 12th. doing considerable damage to fruit. Wheat looking tine. Oats very late. Crimson clover has made very good growth. Farm work late and little planting done. The Ohio Farmer is in many new homes here and receives much praise. - W. C. Crook.

Highland Co.. O.. (S. W.I April 22. - Fine weather but rainy. Wheat and i.'iass growing nicely. Stock doing well. Farm prices are higher. Farmers pushed with work. Very few oats sown and some plowing to do yet for corn. - E. J. Druhot.

How about yovr buildings ? Are they roofed with Ruberoid * If not, how much damage has been done by leaks, and how much have you spent for repairs ?

It's not too late to start using Ruberoid Roofing. It will prolong the life and usefulness of every building on your farm. It is not affected by any kind of weather, and is fire-resisting.

Don't accept any substitute. There is only one Ruberoid Roofing and nothing is "just as good." ' Write for Samples, Prices and Literature. THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, 100 William St., NEW YORK. Chicago. St. Louis. Kansas City. Boston, Philadelphia. New Orleans

Cottage Kill Farm

25 Shorthorn Bulls at farmers' prices. Also some herd header! - Imp. and Canadian bred - will \,c Bold cheap as we have ontprow n our staide room and they must he sold to make room for culves.Kor catalogs and prices addr. JOHN (J ARDKN ,Ka\ enna.O.

Sired by Lord Crocus, he by Lord Mistle- i toe (81522). out of Imp. Sweet Crocus, both bred bv Wm. Dothle, Collynie. Scotland. I ord Mistletoe sired by the fnmons l,ovnt T4S4M. Norton KenDer .Columbus Grove. Put.Co.O.

First-Lass Berkshire

Oure-Hred l\ </. Bogu - Yonnir boar* and sow*. | **- bred or open, at panic prieeg if taken n»nn. Need the room for yonnp stock cnmlrg on Won more prizes than any others at Ohio. JN. V. and Tennessee and Va. State Fairs last Reason. A. C. GUIHVK & SONS. R. 9. Phone 2 on r>39. Xenia. Ohio

U B. Harnf.R. K. 3. Xenia. Ohio Shorthorns For Sale

SHORTHORNS, Poland-China'*, Barred Rocks of best strains. Pigs nnd egt*s nt very reasonable prices. I). J. Oreen A Bander. Cumberland. Ohio.

T3oland Chi 11 n a - Service Boars; Gilts bred: Kail J- pigs, Meddler strain. Prict-a right. Representations guaranteed. J. H. Burkholiler, Archbold. O

Fall Pigs Olmsted. Ohio

China Hogs. - \j. M.. Crnwfordsvllle.Tnd.. wants to know Where he ran get some of the nlcl-fashlonerl. small-honed white China hops, formerly railed the "Little China." We do not know of any. now. The first lntrodurtlon of this hreeil (n Ohio was In ISlfi. t>y the Shakers of T'nion Village, but they were railed the "Bis China." They were brought from Philadelphia, but It Is doubted whether they were pure China stoek or not. The blood of the China hog has done much In the Improvement of some of our best breeds. It refined prevailing roarseness. improved the disposition, increased the tendency to fatten at tfny age. and Improved the texture and quality of the flesh. It had more to do in producing the Poland-China breed than any other of the various bloods used in the make-up.

E. E. Miller. Van W I.Rt. Ou10

Stock run down and worried by germ diseases, with the blood sucked and strength depleted by lice and other parasites, can't grow fast and put on flesh. They can and iviil with the start they get by grenn= eradicating and lice-killing treat* meat with

Recommended as a dip for all live stock and general disinfectant by the agricultural experiment stations of various States and permitted by the U. S. Government for the official dipping of sheep for scab.

Shear cuts, barbed-wire gadies. dehorning, castration, and wounds of «.ll sorts healed by its antiseptic and healing qualities. Best in the world for rope burns and col.ar sores.

Prices: 1 gaS. (makes 100 gals, dip and disinfectant) $1.50; 5 gal. $6.75; 10 gal. $12 CO. Quotations on quantity furnished gladiy. Send us your order direct and give us name of your dealer.

"Making Stock Healthy and Keeping Them So" i. a short, scientific, and practical work on the methods of prevention and cure of all germ diseases in every kind of farm stock, poultry, etc. Sent gladly free on request.

Use it under onr guarantee - yoer money refunded If it doesn't make the horse so sound. Most cases cured by a single 45- minute aopiication - occasionally two required. Cures Bone Spavin, Ringbone and aidebone, new and old casoseJike. Not used on soft bunches. Write for

Best book on blemishes, and we send It free. Read it before you treat any kind of lameness in horses. 192 pages. 69 illustrations, durablv bound in leatherette.

LARGEST IMPORTERS and BREEDERS in AMERICA of PERCH ERON, BELGIAN and GERMAN COACH STALLIONS and MARES. Imported 400 in 1907, and now have on hands over 200 head. The last Importation arrived in Nov. 1307. All from three to five years old. sound and serviceable horses that will do our customers good.

We won more riies in 1907 than ..II others combined, and every prize winner is for ants. Our prizewinners cost no more than other hnpolters axle for their horses that have won no prizes Prices ran from $;i>0 up. We can how more good, vice- any importer in America, and sell on loner time, and Inrk every horse by a pilt-edge guarantee. Deliver all uorses lh.it we sell. Come and see us.

Shire, Percheron, Belgian

SHIRE, PERCHERON, BELGIAN aad HACKNEY STALLIONS. Write or come to our barns and get our prices on young, fresh imported stallions. ire have no old. left-over ones from last year, and have 250 stallions from one to four years old! Come and see our horses, for we can please you and save you from $500 to $1,000 on every individual and give the best and strongest of guarantees.

Buy Direct, Ingersoll'S Best Mixed Paints

At WHOLESALE PRICES, Delivered FREE For Houses, Barns, Roots, all colors, and SAVE Dealers proiils. In use 66 years. Officially Endorsed by the Grange. Low prices will surprise vou. Write for Samples.O.W.lNGERSOLt.236 Plymouth Sl..BrookIyu,N. Y.

The Ohio State Road Law

Mr. J. O. of Lorain. Ohio, asks for an explanation of the Ohio road law - especially as it refers to the powers and duties of the road superintendent and the power and authority of the township trustees in the matter of creating road districts within their respective townships. Reference is made, by t hi ^ question, to the somewhat comprehensive and radical road law passed by the General Assembly of Ohio. April 2, 1906.

By this act the office of supervisor of roads is done away with and the office of road superintendent is created. The trustees are empowered to hire or employ for each road district a suitable person, not one of their own number, but a resident of the district, as road superintendent. The one so employed must take an oath of office and give bond in a sum fixed by the trustees, b.ut not less than five hundred dollars. The road superintendent is given full charge of the roads of his district and has authority to engage necessary materials and. by inference, power to employ necessary labor. He does his work under the direction of the trustees, however, and can only contract subject to the approval of the trustees. He has all the powers of road supervisors in regard to the removal of obstructions from the roads and the use of materials.

His employment is at the will of the trustees and he may be dismissed at any time by a majority vote of that board. His compensation is determined by the trustees, but may not exceed twenty -five cents an hour. It is also set forth in the statute that the road superintendent can not receive compensation for the services Of any team of which he is the owner, nor shall he employ any member of his own family in road work whereby he will himself be financially benefited.

In regard to road districts the law provides that the trustees shall meet annually on the last Monday in December, and shall divide their respective townships into not less than two or more than four road districts and cause a description of such districts to be entered in the township record.

There is also another statute, passed April 2, 1906, authorizing the trustees to create special road districts out of two and not more than four townships. Such a district may,' by vote, authorize the issuing of bonds for improved roads. I do not understand, however, that the question refers to this law. - H. L. S.

The house-owner wants paint which will not become spotted or streaked or scaly. White Lead, if pure, mixed with pure linseed oil, makes paint which never scales nor spots. It is possible to know the purity of the White Lead before painting if you have a blowpipe, and this we will furnish free for the asking.

We could not afford to make this exposure if our White Lead had a grain of adulteration in it. The "Dutch Boy Paintt-r" trade-mark guarantees the purity of our White Lead.

Foul Water in Cistern. - I have a large cistern for house use; partition wall and filter in it and pitcher pump, and the water becomes bad when the weather is hot. What can I do to keep it pure? Joseph C. Ault, Jefferson Co.. O. - It will greatly help to purify it if you put a sack of permanganate of potash as large as a * hick - orynut into the cistern and let it dissolve. But a pitcher pump or any suction or force pump fails to agitate and aerate the water. A common chain pump is better but best of all is. the chain pump with small aerating cups. That carries the air down and lets it bubble up thru the water thus aerating and purifying the water.

Line Fence. - B"s property lies back of A's and he secures an outlet to the public road thru a lane on A's land. C's property lies back of B's. abutting on another road. A builds his share of the line fence between them but before B builds his share A closes the lane and ends B's access to the road. Can A compel B to build his share of the fence under those circumstances; and if C's stock cross B's land and damage A's property would B be responsible? M. J. P. - B can be compelled to build his share of the fence. A can compel him to do so by making the proper application to the trustees of the township. The question as to whether or not he has an outlet to his land has no relation to the line fence. Any right B may have to force an outlet thru A's land depends upon the circumstances in the case and upon the chain of title, but no opinion can be given in regard to that from your statement of the case. You should consult local counsel regarding that matter. As to whether or not B is liable for the damage done to A's crop by C's stock depends upon who was negligent in the matter. If A's crops were damaged primarilv by B's negligence B would be liable; otherwise not. - H. L. S.

Live Stock in Sprayed Orchard. - Should live stock be allowed to graze in the orchard after spraying with Bordeaux alone or Bordeaux and Paris green? C. S. Lonsley. Fayette Co.. Ky. - If only Bordeaux mixture is used it is safe to pasture the orchard. But when the apples have been sprayed with arsenates and are an inch thru, and begin to drop, then it is not safe to pasture the orchard, for the small apples are poisoned. We once had a good heifer poisoned to death, by eating such apples. m

Sucking Cow. - How can I prevent a cow from sucking herself ? J. M.. Mercer, O. - Make a halter for the cow with a nose band close to the end of the nose. Make this hand of about a two-inch strap, and set with a row of sharpened nails. Face the back of the strap with another strap or canvas to hold the nails in place and prevent them from galling the cow.

Chickens-- Private Road. - S. E. H., Stockport. O. : A man has no right to allow his chickens to trespass on another man's land and destroy his crops. In the absence of any special statute, however, the only remedy is the law for damages. If the owner of the chickens is poor - exempt from execution - it will he useless to sue him. Better take the law in your own hands and confine th^ depredating fowls until the owner settles for damages or agrees to keep the fowls off of your premises. As to the private road that runs thru another man's land, the owner or user of such road must build and maintain half of the fence on each side of it. Thnt is ttm l>tw.

"O-M" Wire Stretcher and you need one to follow you | and staple the wire. Stretch the wire. The taut while you go back and do your own stapling. Speedy and sure. Light, strong and easily handled. Wire can not slip. Greatest time and money saver, best worker ever invented for stretching wire. Price $3.00 by prepaid express. Write for Free booklet describing "O-M" Wire S.rctcher and explaining how efficiently it works.

That Never Wear Out

cbsolutely Inst forever. Boint: solid fvwfc.they are spark and lire-proof. Reduce your insurance rate. Afford pore cis- J tt-rn water. Don't require frequent painting and coating like metal and ecmpo^ition roofim*. Not affected by beat or cold. Suitable for all buildings, new or obi. Kiist coat - only <t trifle more tlian short-lived roofings, l et us settle your roofing question fw oil time. Don't *pend more good money for poor roofing. If WHITE TO T'S AT ONCE for onr.ft ee book, "ROOFS." H will save you money. Give us the name of your local dealer.

The American Sea Green Slate Co

Upon the urgent request < f buyers at my last sale. March 18. I cabled at once to Europe for Rft more Belgian and Percheron Stallions and Mar«*s, which will be sold Wed., May 6, lOOS. SHARON VALLEY STOCK FARM at 9 o'clock a. m. Yon will find there imported and home-bred etallioirs and mare- - Belgians, Fercherons and German Coachers - home-bred draft geldings suitable for brewery teams - »ome high-stepping coih-Ii horses in pairs. Also some single driving horses and marc*. Farmers and breeders will find it to their interest to be at this sale. Watch for a change in this adv. from week to week. Do not miss any of the goo-l thincs. Catalog* will be out one week bef r« sale. Send for one. Citizens' Phone ;S«>4>; Bell Phone 651 \V.

And Holder Geo. D. Gaby & Sons

Brother Farmer, write to us and let us aid you to ring your hogs withoutsoiling yocr hands or clothes. Kill refund the price if you are not delighted. For $1. 25 will send tool postpaid to any address. AGKNT3 WANTED. Wri'.e GEO. D. GABY & SONS Brimfiefd, Ind.

Pto deliver the bay at any height d to build his load in layers, and as On the load Irom the time it is started uonl Cannot get at \to blow it away.

Roller bearings on main axle and crank shalt, dl (instead ol eld style crossed chain) and hin^ _ j|which can be thrown forward to increase capaai, handling extremely heavy hay or windrows - don't ove Rock Island lea pores in deciding which loader to buy.' lor descriptive circulars and convincing evidence.

Potash

Let us send you our free book, which tells you exactly what increase the farmers have gotten with it. From cover to cover, the book is filled with money-making facts. Write to-day and learn all about it. Address

German Kali Works

The picture tells part of the story - the Catalogue tells the rest. Send for the Catalogue today and get the whole story - FREE. There are about fivj hundred different Gasoline Engines on the market, but only one like this. Just like an athlete, ready for a race, the McVicker is stripped of all useless parts. No cams! No gears! No tumbling rods! No ratchet wheels! No alternating wheels! No eccentrics! Every part has a vital purpose. Study the picture - isn't it wonderful? Is it surprising that the McVicker has left its five hundred competitors far behind in the race? Do you wonder that the big demand from farmers for the Simple Engine made it necessary to Increase the capacity of our factory one hundred per cent this year?

is what the farmers want. It runs right along for years without the attention of an expert mechanic. The simple, sturdy McVicker simply cannot get out of order. It will shell corn, pump water, churn, run a fanning mill, cream separator, feed chopper or grinder, threshing machine, grindstone, buzz saw, etc., for 1 cent per hour per horse-power. Put the McVicker to work on your farmand get along with less hired help. Send for FREE Catalog'1 D8" and the Pink Pamphlet oa "Jim Johnson's Hired Man. " a Ug crop like last year's is no harder to handle than a small one. Heavy crops don't phaze the Dain Side Delivery Kalce. Working overtime can't tire it. No fear of a breakdown when you're head over heels In work. You see. It's got the nan.e *4Daln** on it - that on a hay tool means highest quality made - perfectioo down to the last bolt and washer.

Our Side Delivery Rake Is a big hay moneymaker. It's a tedder aiid a rake in one. You can follow right behind the mower within an hour after cutting. It turns up the hay gently in lik'ht windrows giving free circulation, air-curing and so intreasing the market and feeding value at least 75 cents a ton.

This rake has three sets of raker teeth working on a reel. As they slowly and gently revolve they turn the hay loosely up side down without whipping off any of the leaves. And the Dain is simpler uian any rake on earth so it handles hay with marvelous quickness and ease - cleans up every wisp too.

It has exclusive construction advantages that make It lightest draft, easiest to run, longestlived, cheapest to keep in running orler. We can't tell you all its special patent good points here, but write us and we'll explain and send you free our illustrated descriptive book. We've been making hay tools a quarter of a century and arc glad to place our practical experience at your servke. So ask us any questions. We'll tell you all you want to know about hay tools.

Before You Manure Spreader

SE E that its frame and sills are made of oak; that it has a ball and socket joint on front axle to prevent racking and twisting and steel braces and steel truss rods to guard against warping and sagging. See that the apron does not run backward and forward on billy ground but insist on a positive and continuous apron drive.

Allow the door to elinc close to the vraU.and yet it will be able to pass any uneven wall surface. Double straps prevent all bindinff on track. Made of unbreakable Malleable Iron with roller hearings of chilled steeL Prices no higher than the ordinary kind. Also full line of Hay Carriers, Tracks, Slings, Forks, Stackers, Kickers and the famous labor saving Louden Litter Carriers. Complete catalogue free.

Louden Machinery Company

You can save many a dollar by marketing your fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc.. on springs. They will arrive in good condition and bring the highest prices.

Harvey Bolster Springs are made of the FINEST STEEL, TEMPERED J USX BIOUT to get that lite and elasticity which make a strong, easy, durable spring.

Let Us Prove Bt To You

See that it is practically automatic and so simple that any boy who can drive a team can run it as well as any man and control its every operation without leaving the seat. The

Appleton Hantfactcbikg Co

The Keystone No. "90" Cultivator overcomes com inou objectious to similar tools. Has every advantage of other cultivators and in addition a perfect Balance l-'rame and Pivot Axle Combined. A convenient lever shifts center f gravity; ki r;>s machine on balance and prcs whipping of tongue. This takes weight otT CS1 necks and makes couvenient turning. 3, 4 1 5 shovel! to the gang. <".ani>4 run level and easily around obstructions. I>cj>t1i and width Changed while shovels are in the ground. AM 111:1'- leablc iron and steel Construction. Write for descriptive literature of great value to farmers.

Keystone Farm Machine Co

was not the best you could have bought for the money, you would be sorry. Our presses have taken so many first prizes, including St Louis World s Fair GRAM) PRIZE, that they are called

Ought you not to know why they are so superior before you buy a press? Let us ?end you our catalog of Presses and other superior Agricultural Machinery' . UH1TMVN AGRICULTURAL CO.. Si. Louis

Cleveland, Ohio, Saturday, May 9, 1908 A First-Class Dairy

On this page is presented a picture of one of Erf Bros', dairy plants and herds. As the picture shows, this outfit is up-to-date in all details - buildings well made and well kept, not pretentious but good and servlceaole. Twothirds of the herd shown are pure-bred Jerseys which the proprietors believe are better suited to their work in the production of sanitary milk. They use the most modern labor-saving machinery and devices and are up to the hour in every particular. Professor Oscar Erf, of the Ohio Dairy School, at Columbus, is one of the owners of this dairy establishment. The brothers own and manage several farms. The milk sent to the Cleveland dairy contest from this farm last year won. first place on bacteria content.

Drainage is much more expensive here than in many portions of the state. The soils are so close and tenacious that drains must often be put every two rods, or even less in some cases, to do thoro work. The cost per rod is also greater, for frequently a hardpan is encountered which can not be spaded, making the work very slow and expensive. Much of this soil can not be thoroly drained for less than $30 to $35 per acre. Men naturally hesitate worth $100. The cost of raising and marketing a good crop on good land does not differ materially from the cost of raising, harvesting and marketing a poor crop on poor land. So of two farms, one may produce only a very few more bushels of grain, and a few more hundredweight of hay per acre than the other, and still be worth twice as much as an investment. Now let us apply this to our question of drainage! Most men will admit at once that land that is inclined to be heavy can be cultivated" a dollar per acre

Farming Condition In Northeastern Ohio

It is customary to spe ,k of the clays of northeastern Ohio, yet a large portion of these soils would be classed by the soil survey as silts rather than clays. Altho this is glaciated territory, yet the soil is composed largely of the product resulting from the decomposition of the more or less sandy underlying shales. Tn general, these soils are cold, heavy and tenacious, and usually sour. That they are naturally strong is shown by the very heavy growth of timber with which they were originally covered. Woodsmen say that this was a remarkably heavy timbered section, and beech, hickory, elm, etc., abound in general, while the lighter, better drained portions support magnificent specimens of sugar maple and chestnut.

Dairying is the chief business of the country. Under this system of farming a large part of the land is devoted to permanent pasture. Usually only the lighter, better-drained portions are under the plow. These produce fair to good crops of corn, oats, wheat, potatoes and grass. Altho not strictly in the corn belt, the better drained lands produce good corn. This is largely siloed for the dairy- The soil is unfriendly to clover, the crop being a failure except in favorable localities. In my experience, a ton of caustic lime to the acre has produced marvelous results in growth of clover upon well-drained land. I believe that if these cheap lands were thoroly drained and sweetened by a liberal application of lime, they would compare very favorably in production with the high-priced lands of the western portion of the state. The great need of the section is drainage. The lands are generally rolling so that water does not stand on them, but they are tenacious and water stands in them. Our farmers pasturing the lower, wetter ground and plowing only the higher surface-drained land, have somehow failed to appreciate the need of drainage. The men who are coming here from other portions of the state are bringing with them their drainage experience, and the demonstrations which they are making of the value of

Many men have crude ideas as to the value of land. I think in general the poorer lands are rated too high, while the best lands are rated too low. That is, there is not as much difference in price as there should be between the best and poorest lands. The value of a piece of land as an investcheaper after thoro drainage. They will also agree that the annual product of the drained acre will be at least $2 more than that of the undrained. They will usually say $5, but taking the smaller number, we have $1 saved in cost of production, and $2 increase of crop, making $3 added to the net income of the drained land, which means an increase of $00 per acre in its value as an investment. If one can, by the ment (not to speak now as to its value as a home) is determined by the amount of net income it will produce. A farm that will produce a net income of $1 per acre is worth, as an Investment, $20 per acre (5 percent on a safe and permanent investment). One that will produce $2 per acre net profit is worth $40 per acre. One that will show a net profit of $5 per acre is expenditure of $30 to $35 in drainage, increase the vaiue of his land by $60, it surely is a good investment. This of course is a hypothetical question.but practical farmers in this section are proving that it is not contrary to fact but well within the bounds of safety.

an experiment, but an es- Ggm which we believe is .-£on of the rural school problem. \ ^ matter of roads we are handicap ^> iy not having suitable road ma? d at hand. Only a little has thus far been done in the way of permanent improvement. It is a surprise to those living in other parts of the state that a people so progressive in most respects should be so far behind in road improvement. However, a beginning has been made. The road improvement germ is everywhere at work, and even the Western Reserve Yankee will have to succumb.

Dean Price, in a thoughtful article recently published by the Ohio Farmer, mentioned thirteen points which should claim the attention of the prospective purchaser of a farm. In addition to these I think one who is contemplating this important transaction should take a long look ahead, and consider the general business possibilities and probable future development of the section which he thinks of making his home. So mu< h depends upon the choice of location that the problem should be studied from every possible viewpoint. A section of the country in which the interests are diversified, and which is capable of large industrial de^ velopment, possesses many advantages over one that is, and in all probability, must remain, purely agricultural. Northeastern Ohio is peculiarly situated in .reference to the probable future development of the country, and this situation presents some points worthy the notice of those who have their eyes turned toward the cheap lands of this section.

Let the reader take a map of the United States and notice how the chain of great lakes bends down from the north, and how the Ohio River with its broken, unglaciated territory, approaches from the South, leaving a narrow strip of level, glaciated country in the northeastern corner of the state between the lake and the river. This narrow strip of level country forms the great natural highway of the nation between the great fertile West and the Eastern seaboard, Commerce, like everything else, must develop along lines of least resistance. More and more, the everincreasing traffic of the country is to be carried over this highway. This means much for the future development of this section. Then again, the best coal in the country is in southwestern Pennsylvania, southeastern Ohio and Virginia. The best ore obtainable is from the Lake Superior region. These naturally come together in northeastern Ohio. This means that this section is to be the center of the iron and steel manufacturing of the whole country. Pittsburg has been the center of this industry, but the tendency now is to shift it toward Lake Erie. The Mahoning Valley, with Youngstown as a center, and the lake shore, from Conneaut on the east, to Lorain on the west, are the two sections which are building most rapidly at present.

The industrial development of the valley is wonderful. A few months ago, the writer was thrown in company with a Chicago stockbroker/lealing in railroad stocks alone. This gentleman, on learning that my home was near Youngstown. gave me some remarkable facts in regard to the rail- road development of that city. Among other things he said that Youngstown was the third city in the United States in railroad tonnage; Chicago being first and Pittsburg second. He said further that Youngstown handled 5,000 loaded cars every day; that the earning of the Youngstown devisions of the various roads running into the city averaged $59,000 per mile in 1907. He said, "You people here do not begin to appreciate the significance of these things to your section of the country." Surely the business condition that will justify such statements means much to the agriculture of the region round about. It means good markets for all farm products. It is one reason why there are fewer tenant farmers here than elsewhere. Men who do not own farms are drawn to these busy towns rather than to rented farms. Again, it -is one great reason for the low price of land. The farmers' sons have been attracted to the cities by the large wages and found employment in the mills, shops and factories and on the railroads, and the resulting dearth of farm labor compels many owners to offer their farms for, sale at prices which look attractive to those who live w.here land sells for $100 to $150 per acre.

The Lake Erie and Ohio River Canal, now contemplated, will, if built, he another mighty influence affecting the future development of this section; $50,000,000 spent on the "big ditch" will greatly facilitate the bringing together of the coal and ore, and thus render more pronounced the centralization of the iron and steel industry in this section, and it will open the way for many new business enterprises along its course thru Ashtabula, Trumbull and Mahoning counties. That the railroad managers (long headed and clear-visioned as usual) are alive to the situation is shown by their concentration of improvements in this section. Vast sums of money are being spent to reduce grades and straighten tracks. One can only stand and wonder at the business that will justify such works. It seems that no undertaking is too great, if it will add to the efficiency of the roads and better enable them to handle the vast traffic that has developed.

Dean Price was right when he said that the buying of a farm was the most important business transaction that a farmer makes during his lifetime. Next to choosing a wife, it should have his most careful and thoro investigation. It is hoped that by thus pointing out some things that are frequently overlooked, some may be helped in their investigations. - F. L. Allen, Trumbull Co., O.

Manure Spreader On Small Farm

When I began on my farm I made a very careful and extensive study of how I was to make it yield me the greatest profit. I finally decided that I must feed, as nearly as possible, all of my products to some form of live stock. I saw that my soil demanded this system and I believed that it would yieldi me the greatest financial income. After "orkine; nearly a quarter of a century along this line. I am more convinced that I am right. I verv soon found that the method of fanning; which I had adopted carried with it the further necessity of looking carefully after the manure supply. I found that I must not only accumulate as large an amount as possible, but that I must care for it after the "lost approved method and apply it in such a way as to get the best results.

With this end in view we constructed our barns in such a way that we could house all of our animals and the food supply; and also Pi that we could make nearly all the manure under rover. With these improvement* crime the necessity of better and more np-todate methods of applying it. We found that the manure spreader might assist us somewhat, and we studied the spreader question for three years. As the machine costs considerable we deemed this precaution necessary. We studied the many makes in actual operation and finally the evidence became so strong that we gave our order. The machine came and we have tested it thoroly and under almost all conditions, and it has worked to our entire satisfaction at all times. First, as to quali'y of work done, let me say that no man in reasonable time can possibly do the work and do it so well as the spreader. Second, neither can a man do the work so rapidly and so accurately as does the spreader. Third, human labor is not only difficult to secure but it is very expensive, constantly growing more so nnd often goes on a strike when most needed. This is obviated by the use of the spreader.

The spreader requires power, but brains have directed that power in such a way as to do the greatest possible good and in the best possible manner. My farm is level and as I apply the manure upon clover sod jtyf corn, two good, common farm horses, weighing about 1,400 pounds each, will handle the spreader which is a fifty-five bushel size all day and every day for a month if necessary without injury.* I generally load large loads, loading it level, beginning in front and often a foot above the top of side boards. I am often asked how many loads a man can haul in a day of ten hours. This of course depends upon how far he has to haul it, how fast his team will walk, the condition of the manure for loading, and1 last but not least, how hard he wishes to work. If he belongs to a union do not expect too much. If he is a willing worker, understands his business, and conditions are favorable, an excellent day's work will have been accomplished. You see he and the team work on a reciprocity basis. That is, he works while the team rests and then the team works while he rests. Under almost any condition, the manure spreader is a profitable investment on a small farm. - C. R. Wagner, Hancock Co., O.

Water-Proofing Concrete

Can I keep water out of a cellar by using cement on the bottom and sides, and how should it be done? Our drainage is not very good, and in a rainy season like the present the cellar gets nearly full of water. - A Farmer, Springboro, O.

The idea that cement work is waterproof is wrong. In fact, concrete must be kept moist for two or three weeks after setting to become hard. Water is the lifel of new concrete and sunshine and air drafts are its enemies and will prevent 'it from reaching its full strength. But concrete over three weeks old is sufficiently seasoned to endure both air drafts and sunshine. To water-proof old walls and floors, first plaster with a half-inch coat of one part Portland cement to two or three parts sand. Let it season for a week by daily sprinkling, then waterproof with any good waterproof paint, which can usually be purchased of any large paint dealer. Cover at once (before paint is hard) with an eighth to half-inch coat of plaster consisting of one part Portland cement to two parts sharp sand. Float and trowel smooth and you will have an absolutely waterproof cellar. - Haman Glock.

Soy Beans Or Cow Peas For

We are frequently asked by our Ohio readers if it will pay to grow cow peas in this state. We recently submitted such a query to Prof. Thome of the Ohio Experiment Station, and received the following reply:

We have grown the cow pea at this Station alongside of the soy bean for a number of years past with the result that we have discarded the cow pea a; not being suited to this latitude, altho it is a very valuable plant, perhaps more so than the soy bean,, from the Ohio River southward. But jn Ohio. especially northern Ohio, the soy bean is without question the plant to grow as a late summer leguminous crop. 1 would say that our farmers in north- - i ii Ohio do not realize as fully as iln v should the value of the r ;nada pea. which may be sown with ».ats early in the spring. whereas the soy bean should n< ' »- sown until the latter part of .May

We grow both these plants regularly, using a mixture of Canada peas and oats for an early sailing crop, and the soy bean as a re-en foreement of protein for our. soils, it being harvested the same time the corn is cut in the tall, both going into the silo together. We find it better, however, to grow them separately. One point in regard to the soy bean should be understood, which is that when sown on land that has not grown this variety, the beans do not produce the nodules that indi-

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I've just gotten out a Special sheet on this Buggy. When I hear from you I'll send it, together with my big catalog of all kinds of Split Hickory Vehicles - and Harness - all made to order - all guaranteed - all sold on 30 days' free trial. This handsome book and circular is FREE and it will be sent at once. DON'T DELAY if you are interested in the best Buggy Bargain of the year, because I can only make 500 of these Buggies this season, and at this price they'll go like wildfire.

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The DISC PRINCIPLE ap piled ton hand tool for the first t-.me. Any adjustment is readily made. Works beautifully. Order one quick of your dealer or from us direct for St?. 00, freight prepaid. Money bark if not pleasvd. Every other hand culti vator a bark number. THE PRAIRIE MFG. CO. (Sole owners! INDIANAPOLIS, I»D.

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Making Concrete Drain Tile

The subject of cost must first be considered in making drain tile, as the cost of clay tile varies as to localities, hence are cheaper at one place and higher at another than concrete tile. Concrete tile should be made of one part cement, four parts coarse sand and three parts pea gravel. This will make a very porous tile which is most desirable. Two barrels^ cement, one cubic yard sand and three-fourth yard gravel will make 300 tile, twelve inches long, having an opening of- 4 inches in diameter and 6 inches outside diameter. One part cement to seven parts sand and four parts pea gravel makes a weaker tile, its strength being about the same as the ordinary clay tile. With these proportions, two barrels cement, one and three-quarter cubic such that it can not sway when core is lowered, as this is liable to break the tile. The concrete! used must be mixed with just sufficient water to enable packing, and after the tile are several hours old, they should be sprinkled with clean water every six or eight hours for several days. Tile may be laid in the grouni when but a few days old, as the dampness in the soil is sufficient to continue the hardening of the cement.

The parts of this mold should be coated with shellac before using, and the pallet boards should either be kept from sunlight at all times or well painted before using. The metal parts of the mold will readily free themselves from the concrete if frequently oiled with harvester or common machine oil. Flower nots may be made on this machine by using a proper shaped core and shell. There are various shapes of pots and vases all made on this machine. They must be molded in inverted position, the design governing the form of shell and core and the core one inch less in hight than the shell so as to form the bottom of pot or vase. This necessitates oiling the top of the core that it will free itself from the concrete. - Haman Glock.

Building Department Plan No. 113

yards sand and one yard gravel will make 425 tiles of size mentioned. If lighter weight tile are desired the shell of the mold may be reduced to 5V> inches in diameter, which would make 580 tiies of the same concrete that produces 425 Of the larger tiles.

The mold for making these tiles is shown in Fig. 1.8. The table should be 16 inches square and 30 inches high, with a four-inch hole in the center for the core to pass thru. Fourteen inches below the top is a support for lever which holds the core when raised. The lever is inserted in notch A of the core. When raised, the bottom of the core cylinder is one inch below the top of the table, and the pallet board is placed over it. These pallet boards are eight inches square with a four-inch round opening in center, and two cleats on each end to prevent warping. As the tile must remain on these boards until the cement has set, it is necessary to have as many pallet boards as tile made per day, as the tile must remain on them undisturbed at least 24 hours. After the pallet is placed over the core, the shell is then placed around the core and on the pallet board. This shell can be made by any tinner, using a sheet of galvanized iron or zinc 12x20 inches. Four curved hooks are riveted on as shown in detail. These hooks pass each other and the latch rod is placed in them. The concrete tamped inside the shell around the core forms the tile. To remove, first draw lever B which releases the core; then tap the core on top and it will drop 13 inches until its cylinder rests on lever B. Next draw latch rod out vertically, and the shell can be removed. The tile is then carried away on the pallet and another pallet inserted, the core raised and the operation repeated.

The best tamper is made of a block of iron, two inches square and fiveeighth inch thick. On one edge insert a half-inch bar, two feet long and the tamper is complete. The core, which is made of wood, is one-fourth inch less in diameter at the top than the bottom. This is done so that its release from the finished tile is easy and no danger of cracking the tile is encountered. The rod inserted into this core may be wood or iron; an old fork handle is good. The hole for the rod to pass thru board C should be

Rill Of Materials

Winner plow Truck attached to any plow, holds the plow to its »»- - -1- soil, even tho too stony to plow by hand, and one doesn't have to hold tlv> 11H11 even when turning corners. With it a light hoy can do perfect work. Only device of tho kind equally successful on a side hill plow, the levers instantly reversing the wheels at end of furrow when mould-hoard is reversed. It carries the plow free of the ground from place to place, no wagon or stone boat being necessary. Ten days' free trial are allowed. Write L .R. Lewis, Box 29, Cortland, N. Y., for particulars.

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Every roll of long-lasting "B-B" Roofing carries our absolute guarantee to be water-proof, fire-resisting and durable. It's made of longfibre Wool-felt, saturated in Asphalt by special B, B. Process, heavily coated both sides with Flexible Water-proof Compound. Can't crack, wrinkle or leak. Costs one-fourth as much as shingles and lasts twice as long.

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Manure Spreader

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Niles, Ohio

See that it is practically automatic and so simple that any boy who can drive a team ran run it as well as any man and control its every operation without leaving the seat. The

Rations For Horses

I am a farmer, and a rural mail carrier. I Mrs three miles from the office, must report there at 8:30 A. M. and leave at 9:30. The route is 17% miles in lengt-h. I stop at an intermediate office at 12:30, and have half an hour to feed.. I arrive at my home office at 3 P. M. and at home by 4:30. My horse weighs 1,050 - has weighed 1,100 lb. I feed timothy hay, bran and corn. How much of each should I feed? Considering time of feeding at noon, at what hours should he have morning and evening feeds? The horse rests one -? two days each week. Have been feeding about 6 ears of corn and gal. bran three times a day. Would not less corn and more bran be better? - W. B. S.