Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 11 of 26)

iJppER Carboniferous System. - This includes the Conglomerate, or "Mill Stone Grit" of European authors, and the true coal measures. In the southern portion of the State its greatest thickness is about 1,200 feet. It becomes thinner toward the north, scarcely exceeding 400 or 600 feet in the vicinity of La Salle. The word "conglomerate" designates a thick bed of sandstone that lies at the base of the coal measures, and appears to have resulted from the culmination of the arenaceous sedimentary accumulations. It consists of massive quartzose sandstone, sometimes nearly white, but more frequently stained red or brown by the ferruginous matter which it contains, and is frequently composed in part of rounded quartz pebbles, from the size of a pea to several inches in diameter. When highly ferruginous, the oxide of iron cements the sand into a hard crust on the surface of the rock, which successfully resists the denuding influence of the atmosphere, so that the rock forms towering cliffs on the banks of the stream along which are its outcrops. Its thickness varies from 200 feet in the southern part of the State to twenty-five feet in the northern. It has afforded a few species of fossil plants, but no animal remains. The coal measures of Illinois are at least 1,000 feet thick and cover nearly three-fourths of its entire area. The strata are horizontal, the dip rarely exceeding six to ten feet to the mile. The formation is made up of sandstone, shales, thin beds of limestone, coal, and its associated fire clays. The thickness of the workable beds is from six to twenty-four inches in the upper measures, and from two to five feet in the lower measures. The fire clays, on which the coal seams usually rest, probably represent the ancient soil on which grew the trees and plants from which the coal is formed.

When pure, these clays are valuable for the manufacture of fire brick, tile and common pottery. Illinois coal is wholly of the bituminous variety, the metamorphic conditions which resulted in the production of anthracite coal in Pennsylvania not having extended to this State. Fossils, both vegetable and animal, abound in the coal measures.

Tertiary System. - This system is represented only in the southern end of the State, where certain deposits of stratified sands, shales and conglomerate are found, which appear to mark the northern boundary of the great Tertiary formation of the Gulf States. Potter's clay, lignite and silicious woods are found in the formation.

Quaternary System. - This system embraces all the superficial material, including sands, clay, gravel and soil which overspreads the older formations in all portions of the State. It gives origin to the soil from which the agricultural wealth of Illinois is derived. It may be properly separated into four divisions: Post-tertiary sands. Drift, Loess and Alluvium. The firstnamed occupies the lowest position in the series, and consists of stratified J^eds of ^llow sand and blue clay, of variable thickness, overlaid by a black or deep brown, loamy soil, in which are found leaves, branches and trunks of trees in a good state of preservation. Next above lie the drift deposits, consisting of blue, yeUow and brown clays, containing gravel and boulders of various sizes, the latter the water-worn fragments of rocks, many of which have been washed down from the northern shores of the great lakes. This drift formation varies in thickness from twenty to 120 feet, and its accumulations are probably due to the combined influence of water currents and moving ice. The subsoil over a large part of the northern and central portions of the State is composed of fine brown day. Prof. Deslliuereux (Ulinois Geological Survey, Vol. I. ) accounts for the origin of this clay and of the black prairie soil above it, by attributing it to the growth and decomposition of a peculiar vegetation. The Loess is a fine mechanical sediment that appears to have accumulated in some body of fresh water. It consists of marly sands and clays, of a thickness var3ring from five to sixty feet. Its greatest development is along the bluffs of the principal rivers. The fossils found in this formation consist chiefly of the bones and teeth of extinct mammalia, such as the mammoth, mastodon, etc. Stone implements of primeval man are also discovered. The term alluvium is usually restricted to the deposits forming the bottom lands of the rivers and smaller streams. They consist of irregularly stratified sand, clay and loam, which are frequently foimd in alternate layers, and contain more or less organic matter from decomposed animal and vegetable substances. When suificiently elevated, they constitute the richest and most productive farming lands in the State.

OEOROETOWICy a city (incor. 1909) of Vermilion County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 10 miles south of Danville. It has a bank and one weekly paper; extensive coal mines in vicinity. Pop. (1910), 2,307.

GERMAN ET ANGELICAL SCHOOL, located at Addison, Du P&ge County; incorporated in 1852; has a faculty of three instructors and reports 187 pupils for 1897-98, with a property valuation of $9,600.

GERMANTOWIfy a village of Clinton County, on the Southern Railroad 25 miles east of Belleville, in a farming and stock-raising district. Pop. (1910), 655; (1910), 711.

GEST, William H., lawyer and ex-Congressman, was bom at Jacksonville, 111., Jan. 7, 1838. When but four years old his parents removed to Rock Island, where he has since resided. He graduated from Williams College in 1860, was admitted to the bar in 1862, and has always been actively engaged in practice. In 1886 he was elected to Congress by the Republicans of the Eleventh Illinois District, and was re-elected in 1888, but in 1890 was defeated by Benjamin T. Cable, Democrat.

GIBAULT, Pierre, a French priest, supposed to have been born at New Madrid in what is now Southeastern Missouri, early in the eighteenth century; was Vicar-Gleneral at Kaskaskia, with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the churches at Cahokia, St. Oenevieve and adjacent points, at the time of the capture of Kaskaskia by CoL G^rge Rogers Clark in 1778, and rendered Clark important aid in conciliating the French citizens of Illinois. He also made a visit to Vincennes and induced the people there to take the oath of allegiance to the new government. He even advanced means to aid Clark's destitute troops, but beyond a formal vote of thanks by the Virginia Legislature, he does not appear to have received any recompense. Governor St. Clair, in a report to Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State, dwelt impressively upon the value of Father Gibault's services and sacrifices, and Judge Law said of him, "Next to Clark and (Francis) Vigo, the United States are indebted more to Father Gibault for the accession of the States comprised

GIBSON CITY, a town in Ford County, situated on the Lake Erie & Western Railroad, 84 miles east of Bloom ington, and at the intersection of the Wahash Railroad and the Springfield Division of the lUinois Central. The principal mechanical industries are iron works, canning works, a shoe factory, and a tile factory. It has two banks, two newspapers, nine churches and an academy. A college is projected. Population (1890), 1,803; (1900), 2,054; (1910), 2,086.

tillX, Joseph B«, Lieutenant-Governor (1898- 97), was bom on a farm near Marion, Williamson County, III, Feb. 17, 1862. In 1868 his father settled at Murphysboro, where Mr. QiU still makes his home. His academic education was received at the school of the Christian Brothers, in St. Louis, and at the Southern Illinois Normal University, Carbondale. In 1886 he graduated from the Law Department of the Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor. Returning home he purchased an interest in 'The Murphysboro Independent," which paper he conducted and edited up to January, 1898. In 1888 he was elected to the lower house of the Legislature and re-elected in 1890. As a legislator he was prominent as a champion of the labor interest. In 1892 he was nominated and elected Lieutenant-Governor on the Democratic ticket, serving from January, 1898, to *97.

GILLESPIE, a village of Macoupin County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati. Chicago & St. Louis Railway. 10 miles southwest of Litchfield. This is an agricultural, coal-mining and stock-raising region : the town has a bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1890). 948; (1900), 873; (1910), 2,241.

GILLESPIE, Joseph, lawyer and JudgQ, was bom in New York City, August 22, 1809, of Irish parents, who removed to Illinois in 1819, settling on a farm near Edwardsvilla After coming to Illinois, at 10 years, he did not attend school over two months. In 1827 he went to the lead mines at Galena, remaining until 1829. In 1881, at the invitation of Cyrus Edwards, he began the study of law. and was admitted to the bar in 1887, having been elected Probate Judge in 1886. He also served during two campaigns (1881 and '82) in the Black Hawk War. He was a Whig in politics and a warm personal friend of Abraham Lincoln. In 1840 he was elected to the lower house of the Legislature, serving one term, and was a member of the State Senate from 1847 to 1869. In 1858 he received the few votes of the

Whig members of the Legislature for United States Senator, in opposition to Stephen A. Douglas, and, in 1860, presided over the second Republican State Convention at Decatur, at which elements were set in motion which resulted in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency for the first time, a week later. In 1861 he was elected Judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial Circuit, and re-elected in 1867 for a second term, serving until 1878. Died, at his home at Edwardsville, Jan. 7, 1885.

GILLETT, John Dean, agriculturist and stockman, was bom in Connecticut, April 28, 1819; spent several years of his youth in G^eorgia, but, in 1888, came to Illinois by way of St. Louis, finally reaching *'Bald Knob,'' in Logan County, where an uncle of the same name resided. Here he went to work, and, by frugality and judicious investments, finally acquired a large body of choice lands, adding to his agricultural operations the rearing and feeding of stock for the Chicago and foreign markets. In this he was remarkably successful In his later years he was President of a National Bank at Lincoln. At the time of his death, August 27, 1888, he was the owner of 16,500 acres of improved lands in the vicinity of Elkhart, Logan County, besides large herds of fine stock, both cattle and horses. He left a large family, one of his daughters being the wife of the late Senator Richard J. Oglesby.

GILLETT, Philip Goode, specialist and educator, bom in Madison, Ind., March 24, 1888; was educated at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind., graduating in 1853, and the same year became an instructor in the Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb in that State. In 1856 he became Principal of the Illinois Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, remaining there until 1898, when he resigned. Thereafter, for some years, he was President of the Association for the Promotion of Speech by the Deaf, with headquarters in Washington, D. C, but later returned to Jacksonville, where he died Oct. 2, 1901.

GILLHAM, Daniel B*, agriculturist and legislator, was bom at a place now called Wanda, in Madison County, 111., April 29, 1826 - his father being a farmer and itinerant Methodist preacher, who belonged to one of the pioneer families in the American Bottom at an early day. The subject of this sketch was educated in the conmion schools and at McKendree College, but did not graduate from the latter. In his early life he followed the vocation of a farmer and stockgrower in one of the most prosperous and highly cultivated portions of the American Bottom, a few miles below Alton, but, in 1872, removed to Alton, where he spent the remainder of his life. He became a member of the State Board of Agriculture in 1866, serving eight years as Superintendent and later as its President; was also a Trustee of Shurtleff College some twenty-five years, and for a time President of the Board. In 1870 he was elected to the lower branch of the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, and to the State Senate in 1882, serving a term of four years in the latter. On the night of March 17, 1890, he was assaulted by a burglar in his house, receiving a wound from a pistol-shot in consequence of which he died, April 6, following. The identity of his assailant was never discovered, and the crime consequently went unpunished.

OILMAN, a city in Iroquois County, at the intersection of the Illinois Central and the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railways, 81 miles south by west from Chicago and 208 miles northeast of St. Louis. It is in the heart of one of the richest corn districts of the State and has large stock-raising and fruit-growing interests. It has an opera house, a public library, an extensive nursery, brick and tile works, a linseed oil mill, two banks and two weekly newspapers. Artesian well water is obtained by boring from 90 to 200 feet. Pop. (1900), 1,441; (1910), 1,305.

OILMAN, Arthur, was bom at Alton, IlL, June 22, 1837, the son of Winthrop S. Oilman, of the firm of Oilman & Oodfrey, in whose warehouse the printing press of Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy was stored at the time of its destruction by a mob in 1837 ; was educated in St. Louis and New York, began business as a banker in 1857, but, in 1870, removed to Ccunbridge, Mass., and connected himself with "The Riverside Press." Mr. Oilman was one of the prime movers in what is known as "The Harvard Annex" in the interest of equal collegiate advantages for women, and has written much for the periodical press, besides publishing a number of volumes in the line of history and English literature.

OIBABD, a city in Macoupin County, on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 25 miles south by west from Springfield and 18 miles north-northeast of Carlinville. Coal-mining is carried on extensively here. The city also has a bank, five churches and a weekly newspaper. Population (1880), 1,024; (1890), 1,524; (1900), 1,661; (1910), 1,891.

GLENCOEj'a village of Cook County, on the Milwaukee Division of the Chicago & Northwestem Railway, 10 miles north of Chicago. Population (1890), 569; (1900), 1,020; (1910), 1,899.

OLENN, Archibald A., ex-Lieutenant-Oovemor, was bom in Nicholas County, Ky.. Jan. 30, 1819. I^ 1828 his father's family removed to Illinois, settling first in Vermilion, and later in Schuyler County. At the age of 13, being forced to abandon school, for six yecurs he worked upon the (arm of his widowed mother, and, at 19, entered a printing office at Rushville, where he learned the trade of compositor. In 1844 he published a Whig campaign paper, which was discontinued after the defeat of Henry day. For eleven years he was Circuit Clerk of Brown County, during which period he was admitted to the hox ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention o' 1862, and of the State Board of Equalization from 1868 to 1872. The latter year he was elected to the State Senate for four years, and, in 1875, chosen its President, thus becoming ex-officio Lieutenant-Oovernor. He early abandoned legal practice to engage in banking and in mercantile investment. After the expiration of his term in the Senate, he removed to Kansas, where he resided until his death, May 21, 1901.

OLENN, John J«, lawyer and jurist, was bom in Ashland County, Ohio, March 2, 1831 ; graduated from Miami University in 1856 and, in 1858, was admitted to the bar at Terre Haute, Ind. Removing to Illinois in 1860, he settled in Mercer Ck>unty, a year later removing to Monmouth in Warren County, where he still resides. In 1877 he was elected Judge of the Tenth Judicial Circuit and re-elected in 1879, '85, '91, and *97. After his last election he served for some time, by appointment of the Supreme Court, as a member of the Appellate Court for the Springfield District, but ultimately resigned and returned to Circuit Court duty. His reputation as a coolheaded, impartial Judge stood very high, and his name had been favorably regarded for a place on the Supreme Bench. Died Jan. 6, 1905.

OLOTER, Joseph Otis, lawyer, was bom in Cayuga County, N. Y.. April 13, 1810, and educated in the high-school at Aurora in that State. In 1835 he came west to attend to a land case at GkJena for his father, and, although not then a lawyer, he managed the case so successfully that he was asked to take charge of two others. This determined the bent of his mind towards the law, to the study of which he turned his attention imder the preceptorsbip of the late Judge Theophilus L. Dickey, then of Ottawa. Soon after being admitted to the bar in 1840, he formed a partnership with the late Burton C. Cook, whioh !asted over thirty years. In 1846 he was elected as a Democrat to the lower branch of the Fifleenth General Assembly, but, on the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he became one of the founders of the Republican party and a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he entertained, at the time of his (Lincoln's) debate with Senator Douglas, at Ottawa, in 1858. In 1868 he served as Presidential Elector at the time of General Grant's first election to the Presidency, and the following year was appointed United States District Attorney for the Northern District, serving until 1875. In 1877 he was appointed by Governor Cullom a member of the Board of Railway and Canal Commissioners, of which he afterwards became President, serving six years. Died, in Chicago, Dec. 10, 1892.

GODFREY^ (Capt.) Bei^amin, sea captain and philanthropist, was bom at Chatham, Mass., Dec. 4, 1794; at nine years of age he ran away from home and went to sea, his first voyage being to Ireland, where he spent nine years. The War of 1812 coming on, he returned home, spending a part of the next three years in the naval service, also gaining a knowledge of the science of navigation. Later, he became master of a merchant^ vessel making voyages to Italy, Spain, the West Indies and other countries, finally, by shipwreck in Cuban waters, losing the bulk of his fortune. In 1824 he engaged in mercantile business at Matamoras, Mex., where he accumulated a handsome fortune; but, in transferring it (amounting to some $200,000 in silver) across the country on pack-animals, he was attacked and robbed by brigands, with which that country was then infested. Resuming business at New Orleans, he was again successful, and, in 1832, came north, locating near Alton, IlL, the next year engaging in the warehouse and commission business as the partner of Winthrop S. Oilman, tmder the name of Godfrey & Oilman. It was in the warehouse of this firm at Alton that the printing-press of Elijah P. Love joy was stored when it was seized and destroyed by a mob, and Lovejoy was killed, in October, 1887. (See Lovejoy, Elijah P. ) Soon after establishing himself at Alton, Captain Godfrey made a donation of land and money for the erection of a young ladies' seminary at the village of Godfrey, four miles from Alton. (See Jlfon^teello Tenude Seminary.) The first cost of the erection of buildings, borne by him, was $58,000. The institution was opened, April 11, 1888, and Captain Godfrey continued to be one of its Trustees as long as he lived. He was also one of the leading spirits in the construction of the Alton & Springfield Railroad (now a part of the Chicago & Alton), in which he invested heavily and unprofitably. Died, at Godfrey, April 18, 1862.

OOLCONDA^ a village and county-seat of Pope County, on the Ohio River, 80 miles northeast of Cairo; located in agricultural and mining district ; zinc, lead and kaolin mined in the vicinity ; has a courthouse, eight churches, schools, one bank, a newspaper, a box factory, flour and saw mills, and a fluor-spar factory. It is the terminus of a branch of the Illinois Ontral Railroad. Pop. (1890), 1,174; (1900), 1,140; (1910), 1,088.

Jallas, ex- Congressman, was bom at Vienna, Austria, Jan. 20, 1854, and emigrated to New York in 1866. In 1872 he settled in Chicago, where he was admitted to the bar in 1877, and where he has practiced law ever since. From 1890 to 1892 he was a member of the Chicago City Ck>uncil, and, in 1892, was the successful Democratic candidate in the Fourth District, for Ck>ngress, but was defeated in 1894 by Edward D. Ckx)ke. At the Qhicago city election of 1899 he was again returned to the Council as Alderman for the Thirtysecond Ward.

GOODING^ James^ pioneer, was bom about 1767, and, in 1882, was residing at Bristol, Ontario CJounty, N. Y., when he removed to Cook County, HI., settling in what was later called ''Gooding's Grove,*' now a part of Will CJounty. The Grove was also called the ''Yankee Settlement," from the Eastern origin of the principal settlers. Mr. Gooding was accompanied, or soon after joined, by three sons - James, Jr., William and Jasper - and a nephew, (IJharles Gooding, all of whom became prominent citizens. The senior Gooding died in 1849, at the age of 82 years. - William (Gooding), civil engineer, son of the preceding, was bom at Bristol. Ontario (>>unty, N. Y., April 1, 1803; educated in the common schools and by private tuition, after which he divided his time chiefly between teaching and working on the farm of his father, James Gooding. Having devoted considerable attention to surveying and civil engineering, he obtained employment in 1826 on the Welland Canal, where he remained three years. He then engaged in mercantile pursuits at Lockport, N. Y., but sold out at the end of the first year and went to Ohio to engage in his profession.

Being unsucoessful in this, he accepted employment for a time as a rodman, but later secured a position as Assistant Ekigineer on the Ohio CanaL After a brief visit to his father's in 1882, he returned to Ohio and engaged in business there for a short time, but the following year joined his father, who had previously settled in a portion of what is now Will County, but then Cook, making the trip by the first mail steamer around the lakes. He at first settled at * 'Gooding's Qrove" and engaged in farming. In 1836 he was appointed Assistant Engineer on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, but, in 1842, became Chief Engineer, continuing in that position until the completion of the canal in 1848, when he became Secretary of the Canal Board. Died, at Lockport, Will County, in May, 1878.

GOODRICH^ Grant; lawyer and jurist, was bom in Milton, Saratoga, County, N. Y., August 7, 1811 ; grew up in Western New York, studied law and came to Chicago in 1834, becoming one of the most prominent and reputable members of his profession, as well as a leader in many of the movements for the educational, moral and religious advancement of the community. He was one of the founders of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Chicago, an active member of the Union Defense Committee during the war, an incorporator and life-long Trustee of the Northr westem University, and President of the Board of Trustees of Gkurett Biblical Institute, besides being identified with many organizations of a strictly benevolent character. In 1859 Judge (Goodrich was elected a Judge of the newly organized Superior Court, but, at the end of his term, resumed the practice of his profession. Died, March 15, 1889.

GORE; David; ex-State Auditor, was bom in Trigg County, Ky., April 5, 1827; came with his parents to Madison County, 111. , in 1834, and served in the Mexican War as a Quartermaster, afterwards locating in Macoupin Coimty, where he has been extensively engaged in farming. In 1874 he was an unsuccessful Qreenback-Liabor candidate for State Treasurer, in 1884 was elected to the State Senate from the Macoupin-Morgan District, and, in 1892, nominated and elected, as a Democrat, Auditor of Public Accounts, serving until 1897. For some sixteen years he was a member of the State Board of Agriculture, the last two years of that period being its President. His home is at Carlinville.

in 1832 to Vandalia, III, where he worked in the State printing office and bindery. In the fall of 1833 the family removed to Jacksonville, and the following year he entered Illinois College, being for a time a college-mate of Richard Yates, afterwards Governor. Here he continued his vocation as a printer, working for a time on * 'Peck's Gazetteer of Illinois" and "Goudy's Almanac," of which his father was publisher. In association with a brother while in Jacksonville, he began the publication of *'The Common School Advocate,*' the pioneer publication of its kind in the Northwest, which was continued for about a year. Later he studied medicine with Drs. Henry and Merriman in Springfield, finally graduating at the St. Louis Medical College and, in 1844. began practice at Taylor ville; in 1847 was elected Probate Judge of Christian County for a term of four years; in 1851 engaged in mercantile business, which he continued nineteen years. In 1856 he was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly and, in the session of the following year, was a leading supporter of the act establishing the State Normal School at Normal, still later serving for some sixteen years on the State Board of Eklucation. Died, at Taylorville, in 1877. Dr. Goudy was an older brother of the late William C. Goudy of Chicago.

GOUDY, William C, lawyer, was bom in Indiana, May 15, 1824 ; came to Illinois, with his father, first to Vandalia and afterwards to Jacksonville, previous to 1833, where the latter began the publication of '*The Farmer's Almanac" - a well-known publication of that time. At Jacksonville yoimg Groudy entered Illinois College, graduating in 1845, when he began thQ study of law with Judge Stephen T. Logan, of Springfield; was admitted to the bar in 1847, and the next year began practice at Lewistown, IHilton County; served as State's Attorney (1852-55) and as State Senator (1856-60); at the close of his term removed to Chicago, where he became prominent as a corporation and railroad lawyer, in 1886 becoming Greneral Solicitor of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. During President Cleveland's first term, Mr. Groudy was believed to exert a large influence with the administration, and was credited with having been largely instrumental in securing the appointment of his partner, Melville W. Fuller, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Died, April 27, 1893.

GRAFF, Joseph T.^ lawyer and Congressman, was bom at Terre Haute, Ind., July 1, 1854; after graduating from the Terre Haute highnschool, spent on6 year in Wabash College at Crawfords-

Tille, but did not graduate; studied law and was admitted to the bar at Delavan, III., in 1879; in 1892 was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis, but, with the exception of President of the Board of Education, never held any public office until elected to Congress from the Fourteenth Illinois District, as a R^ublican, in November, 1894. Mr. Graff was a successful candidate for re-election in 1896, and again in '98.

GRAFTON; a city in Jersey County, situated on the Mississippi one and a half miles below the mouth of the Illinois River. The bluffs are high and fine river views are obtainable. A fine quality of fossiliferous limestone is quarried here and exported by the river. The town has a bank, three churches, a graded school and one weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 988; (1910), 1,116.

GRAIN INSPECTION; a mode of regulating the grain-trade in accordance with State law, and under the general supervision of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission. The principal executive officer of the department is the Chief Inspector of Grain, the expenses of whose administration are borne by fees. The chief business of the inspection department is transacted in Chicago, where the principal offices are located. (See BaQroad and Warehouse Commission.)

GRAMMAR; John; pioneer and early legislator, came to Southern Illinois at a very early date and served as a member of the Third Territorial Council for Johnson County (1816-18); was a citizen of Union County when it was organized in 1818, and served as State Senator from that county in the Third and Fourth General Assemblies (1823-26), and again in the Seventh and Eighth General Assemblies (1880-84), for the District composed of Union, Johnson and Alexander Counties. He is described as having been very illiterate, but a man of much shrewdness and considerable influence.

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPURUC; a fraternal, charitable and patriotic association, limited to men who served in the Union army or navy during the Civil War, and received honorable discharge. Its founder was Dr. B. F. Stephenson, who served as Surgeon of the Fourteenth Illinois Infantry. In this task he had the oo5peration of Rev. William J. Rutledge, Chaplain of the same regiment, CoL John M. Snyder, Dr. James Hamilton, Maj. Robert M. Woods, Maj. Robert Allen, Col. Martin Flood, CoL Daniel Grass, Col. Edward Prince, Capt. John S. Phelps, Capt. John A. Lightfoot, CoL B. F. Smith, Maj. A. A. North, Capt. Henry E.

Howe, and Col. B. F. Hawkes, all Illinois veterans. Numerous conferences were held at Springfield, in this State, a ritual was prepared, and the first post was chartered at Decatur, IlL, April 6, 1866. The charter members were CoL I. C. Pugh, George R. Steele, J. W. Routh, Joseph Prior, J. H. Nale, J. T. Bishop, G. H. Dunning, B. F. Sibley, M. F. Kanan, C. Reibsapae, I. N. Coltrin, and Aquila Toland. All but one of these had served in Illinois regiments. At first, the work of organization proceeded slowly, the ex-soldiers generally being somewhat doubtful of the result of the project; but, before July 12, 1866, the date fixed for the assembMng of a State Convention to form the Department of Illinois, thirty-nine posts had been chartered, and, by 1869, there were 880 reported in Illinois. By October, 1866, Departments had been formed in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and posts established in Ohio, Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, Massachussetts. New York, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia, and the first National Elncampment was held at Indianapolis, November 20 of that year. In 1894 there were 7,500 posts, located in every State and Territory of the Union, with a membership of 450,000. The scheme of organization provides for precinct. State and National bodies. The first are known as posts, each having a number, to which the name of some battle or locality, or of some deceased soldier may be prefixed ; the second (State organizations) are known as Departments; and the supreme power of the Order is vested in the National Encampment, which meets annually. As has been said, the G. A. R. had its inception in Illinois. The aim and dream of Dr. Stephenson and his associates was to create a grand organization of veterans which, through its cohesion, no less than its incisiveness, should constitute a potential factor in the inculcation and development of patriotism as well as mutual support. While he died sorrowing that he had not seen the fruition of his hopes, the present has witnessed the fullest realization of his dream. (See Stephenson, B. F. ) The constitution of the order expressly prohibits any attempt to use the organization for partisan purposes, or even the discussion, at any meeting, of partisan questions. Its aims are to foster and strengthen fraternal feelings among members; to assist comrades needing help or protection and aid comrades* widows and orphans, and to inculcate unswerving loyalty. The * 'Woman's Relief Corps'' is an auxiliary organization, originating at Portland, Maine, in 1869. The following is a list of Illinois Department Commanders, chronolog-

GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, a co-educational institution at Onarga, Iroquois County, incorporated in 1863 ; had a faculty of eleven teachers in 1897-98, with 285 pupils - 145 male and 140 female. It reports an endowment of $10,000 and property valued at $55,000. Besides the usual classical and scientific departments, instruction is given in music, oratory, fine arts and preparatory studies.

GRAND TOWER, a town in Jackson Ck)unty, situated on the Mississippi River, 27 miles southwest of Carbondale; the western terminus of the Grand Tower & Carbondale R. R.; named from a high, rocky island in the river. Pop. (1910), 873.

Grand Tower A Cape Girardeau

GRANGER, Flayel K., lawyer, farmer and legislator, was born in Wayne County, N. Y., May 16, 1832, educated in public schools at Sodus in the same State, and settled at Waukegan, 111., in 1853. Here, having studied law, he was admitted to the bar in 1855, removing to McHenry Cotmty the same year, and soon after engaging in the live-stock and wool business. In 1872 he was elected as a Republican Representative in the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, being successively re-elected to the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth and Thirty-first, and being chosen Temporary Speaker of the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth. He was a member of the State Senate for the

GRANT, Alexander Fraeser, early lawyer and jurist, was bom at Inverness, Scotland, in 1804 ; came to Illinois at an early day and located at Shawneetown, where he studied law with Henry Eddy, the pioneer lawyer and editor of that place. Mr. Grant is described as a man of marked ability, as were many of the early settlers of that region. In February, 1835, he was elected by the General Assembly Judge for the Third Circuit, as successor to his preceptor, Mr. Eddy, but served only a few months, dying at Vandalia the same year.

GRANT, Ulysses Simpson, (originally Hiram Ulysses), Lieutenant - General and President, was bom at Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822 ; graduated from West Point Military Academy, in 1843, and served through the Mexican War. After a short residence at St. Louis, he became a resident of Galena in 1860. His war-record is a glorious part of the Nation's history. Entering the service of the State as a clerk in the office of the Quartermaster- General at Springfield, soon after the breaking out of the war in 1861, and still later serving as a drill-master at Camp Yates, in June following he was commissioned by Governor Yates Colonel of the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteers, which he immediately led into the field in the State of Missouri ; was soon after promoted to a Brigadier- Generalship and became a full Major-General of Volunteers on the fall of Forts Donelson and Henry, in February following. His successes at Fort Gibson, Raymond, Champion Hill, and Big Black River, ending with the capture of Vicksburg, were the leading victories of the Union armies in 1863. His successful defense of Chattanooga was also one of his victories in the West in the same year. Commissioned a Major-General of the Regular Army after the fall of Vicksburg, he became Lieutenant-General in 1864, and, in March of that year, assumed command of all the Northern armies. Taking personal command of the Army of the Potomac, he directed the campaign against Richmond, which resulted in the final evacuation and downfall of the Confederate capital and the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox on April 8, 1865. In July, 1866, he was made General - the office being created for him. He also served as Secretary of War, ad interim, under President Johnson, from August, 1867, to January, 1868. In 1868 he was elected President of the United States and reelected in 1872. His administration may not have been free from mistakes, but it was oharao- teruBed hj patriotism and integrity of purpose. During 1877-79 he made a tour of the world, being received everywhere with the highest honors. In 1880 his friends made an unsuccessful effort to secure his rendmination as a Presidential candidate on the Bepublican ticket. Died, at Mount McGregor, N. Y., July 28, 1885. His chief Kterary work was his "Memoirs" (two volumes, 1885-86), which was verj extensively sold.

GRANVILLE, a village of Putnam County, six miles east of Hennepin, at the junction of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad with two other lines; is in an agricultural and coal mining district; has one weekly paper. Population (1900), 320; (1910), 1,391.

GRATIOT^ Charles^ of Huguenot parentage, bom at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1752. After receiving a mercantile training in the counting house of an uncle in London, he emigrated to Canada, entering the employ of another uncle at MontreaL He first came to the ''Illinois Country'* in 1775, as an Indian trader, remaining one year. In 1777 he returned and formed a partnership with David McRae and John Kay, two young Scotchmen from MontreaL He established depots at Cahokia and Kaskaskia. Upon the arrival of Col. George Rogers Clark, in 1778, he rendered that commander material financial assistance, becoming personally responsible for the supplies needed by the penniless American army. When the transfer of sovereignty took place at St. Louis, on March 10, 1804, and Louisiana Territory became a part of the United States, it was from the balcony of his house that the first American flag was unfurled in Upper Louisiana. In recompense for his liberal expenditure, he was promised 80,000 acres of land near the present site of Louisville, but this he never received. . Died, at St. Louis, April 21, 1817.

GRATIER^ Father Jaeqnes, a Jesuit missionary, born in France, but at what date cannot be stated with certainty. After some years spent in Cknada he was sent by his ecclesiastical superiors to the Illinois Mission (1688), succeeding Allouez as Superior two years later, and being made Vicar-Qeneral in 1691. He labored among the Miamia^ Pcorias and TTaakfialrifta - ^his most numerous conversions being among the latter tribe - as also among the Cahokias, Osages, Tamaroas and Missouris. It is said to have been largely through hi^ influence that the Illinois were induced to settle at Kaskaskia instead of going south. In 1705 he received a severe wound during an attack by the Illinois Indians, incited, if not actually led, by one of their medicine men. It is said that he visited Paris for treatment, but failed to find a cure. Accounts of his death vary as to time and place, but all agree that it resulted from the wound above mentioned. Some of his biographers assert that he died at sea: others that he returned from France, yet suffering from the Indian poison, to Louisiana in February, 1708, and died near Mobile, Ala., the same year.

GRAY, Elisha, electrician and inventor, waa bom at Bamesville, Ohio, August 2, 1835; after serving as an apprentice at various trades, took a course at Oberlin College, devoting especial attention to the physical sciences, meanwhile supporting himself by manual labor. In 1865 he began his career as an electrician and, in 1867,* received his first patent; devised a method of transmitting telephone signals, and, in 1875, succeeded in transmitting four messages simultaneously on one wire to New York and Boston, a year later accomplishing the same with eight messages to New York and Philadelphia. Professor Gray also invented a telegraph switch, a repeater, enunciator and type-writing telegraph. From 1869 to '73 he was employed in the manufacture of telegraph apparatus at Cleveland and Chicago, but has since been electrician of the Western Electric Company of Chicago. His latest invention, the "telautograph" - for reproducing by telegraph the handwriting of the sender of a telegram - attracted great interest at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. He was author of "Telegraphy and Telephony" and "Experimental Researches in Electro-Harmonic Telegraphy and Telephony." Died Jan. 20, 1901.

ORAY^ William C, Ph.D,, editor, was bom in Butler County, Ohio, in 1830; graduated from the Farmers' (now Belmont) College in 1850, read law and began secular editorial work in 1852, being connected, in the next fourteen years, with **The Tiffin Tribune," "Cleveland Herald" and "Newark American." Then, after several years spent in general publishing business in Cincinnati, after the great fire of 1871 he came to Chicago, to take charge of "The Interior," the organ of the Presbyterian Church, which he conducted until his death, Sept. 29, 1901. The success of the paper under his management gave evidence of his practical good sense. He received the degree of Ph.D. from Wooster University in 1881.

GRAYTILLE, a city situated on the border of White and Eidwards Counties, lying chiefly in the former, on the Wabash River, 35 miles northwest of Evansville, Ind., 16 miles northeast of Carmi, and forty miles southwest of Vincennes. It is located in the heart of a heavily timbered region and is an important hard-wood market. Valuable coal deposits exist. The industries include flour, saw and planing mills, stave factories and creamery. The city has an electric light and water plant, two banks, eight churches, and two weekly papers. Pop. (1910), 1,940.

GREATHOUSE, Lacien, soldier, was bom at Carlinville, IlL, in 1843; graduated at Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington. and studied law ; enlisted as a private at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion and rose to the rank of Colonel of the Forty-eighth Illinois Volunteers; bore a conspicuous part in the movements of the Army of the Tennessee ; was killed in battle near Atlanta, Ga., June 21, 1864

GREEN RITER, rises in Lee County, and, after draining part of Bureau County, flows westward through Henry CJounty, and enters Rock River about 10 miles east by south from Rock Island. It is nearly 120 miles long.

GREENy WiUlam H., State Senator and Judge, viras born at Danville, Ky., Dec. 8, 1880. In 1847 he accompanied his father's family to Illinois, and, for three years following, taught school, at the same time reading law. He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and began practice at Mount Vernon, removing to Metropolis the next year, and to Cairo in 1863. In 1858 he was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly, was re-elected in 1860 and, two years later, wf« elected to the State Senate for four years. In December, 1865, he was elected Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit, to fill the unexpired term of Judge Mulkey, retiring with the expiration of nis term in 1867. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Conventions of 1860, '64, '68, '80, '84 and '88, besides being for many years a member of the State Central Conmiittee of that party, and also, for four terms, a member of the State Board of Education, of which he has been for several years the President. He was engaged for several years in the practice of his profession at Cairo. Died June 6, 1902.

GREENE^ Henry SaeheTeral^ attorney, was bom in the North of Ireland, 1833, brought to Canada at five years of age, and from nine compelled to support himself, sometimes as a clerk and at others setting type in a printing office. After spending some time in Western New York, in 1853 he commenced the study of law at Danville, Ind.. with Hugh Crea, now of Decatur, IlL ; four years* later settled at Clinton, DeWitt County, where he taught and studied law with Lawrence Weldon, now of the CJourt of Claims, Washington. In 1859 he was admitted to the bar at Springfield, on the motion of Abraham Lincoln, and was associated in practice, for a time, with Hon. CJlifton H. Moore of Clinton; later served as Prosecuting Attorney and one term (1867-69) as Representative in the General Assembly. At th^ close of his term in the Legislature he removed to Springfield, forming a law partner^ ship with Milton Hay and David T. Littler, under the firm name of Hay, Greene & Littler, still later becoming the head of the firm of Greene & Humphrey. From the date of his removal to Springfield, for some thirty years his chief employment was as a corporation lawyer, for the most part in the service of the Chicago & Alton and the Wabash Railways. His death occurred at his home in Springfield, after a protracted illness, Feb. 25, 1899. Of recognized ability, thoroughly devoted to his profession, high minded and honorable in all his dealings, he commanded respect wherever he was known.

GREENE^ William G., pioneer, was bom in Tennessee in 1812; came to Illinois in 1822 with his father (Bowling Greene), who settled in the vicinity of New Salem, now in Menard County. The younger Greene was an intimate friend and fellow-student, at Illinois College, of Richard Yates (afterwards Governor), and also an early friend and admirer of Abraham Lincoln, imder whom he held an appointment in Utah for somo years. He died at Tallula, Menard County, in 1894.

GREENFIELD, a city in the eastern part of Greene County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Quincy, Carrollton & St. Louis Railways, 12 miles east of Carrollton and 55 miles north of St. Louis; is an agncultural, coal-mining and stock-raising region. The city has several churches, public schools, a seminary, electrio light plant, steam flouring mill, and one weekly paper. It is an important shipping point for cattle, horses, swine, com, grain and produce. Pop. (1890), 1,131; (1900), 1,085; (1910), 1,161.

GREENE COUNTY, cut off from Madison and separately organized in 1821; has an area of 540 square miles; population (1910), 22,363; named for Gtea, Nathaniel Greene, a Revolutionary soldier. The soil and climate are varied and adapted to a diversity of products, wheat and fruit being among the principal Building stone and clay are abundant. Probably the first English-speaking settlers were David Stockton and James Whiteside, who located south of Macoupin Creek in June, 1817. Samuel Thomas and others (among them Qen. Jacob Fry) followed soon afterward. The Indians were numerous and aggressive, and had destroyed not a few of the mcmuments of the Government surveys, erected some years before. Immigration of the whites, however, was rapid, and it was not long before the nucleus of a village was established at Carrollton, where General Fry erected the first house and made the first coffin needed in the settlement. This town, the county-seat and most important place in the county, was laid off by Thomas CarUn in 1821. Other fiourishing towns are Whitehall (population, 1,961), and Roodhouse (an important railroad center) with a population of 2,860.

GBEENUPy village of Cumberland County, at intersection of the Vandalia Line and Evansville branch 111. Cent Ry. ; in farming and fruitgrowing region; has powder mill, bank, broom factory, several chiurches, public libraryi good schools and two papers. Pop. (1910), 1,224.

GREENYIEWy a village in Menard County, on the Jacksonville branch of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 22 miles north-northwest of Springfield and 36 miles northeast of Jacksonville. It has a coal mine, bank, one weekly paper, seven churches, and a graded and high school. Pop. (1900), 1,019; (1910), 921.

GBEEIIYILLE9 an incorporated city, the county-seat of Bond County, on the East Fork of Big Shoal Creek and the St. Louis, Vandalia k Terre Haute Railroad, 50 miles east-northeast of St. Louis; is in a rich agricultural and coal-mining region. Com and wheat are raised extensively in the surroundipg country, and there are extensive coal mines adjacent to the city. The leading manufacturing product is in the line of wagons. It is the seat of Greenville College (a coeducational institution) ; has several banks and one weekly and two semi-weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,868; (1900), 2,504; (1910), 3,178.

GREEmniLE^ TREATY OF, a treaty negotiated by Gen. Anthony Wayne with a number of Indian tribes (see Indian Treaties), at Greenville, after his victory over the savages at the battle of Maumee Rapids, in August, 1795. This was the first treaty relating to Illinois lands in which a number of tribes united. The lands conveyed within the present limits of the State of Illinois were as follows: A tract six miles ^uare at the mouth of the Chicago River; another, twelve miles square, near the mouth of the Illinois River; another, six miles square, around the old fort at Peoria; the post of Fort Massac; the 150,000 acres set apart as boimty lands for the army of Gen. George Rogers Clark, and ''the lands at all other places in the possession of the French people and other white settlers cunong them, the Indian title to which has been thus extinguished. " On the other hand, the United States relinquished a!l claim to all other Indian lands north of the Ohio, east of tne Mississippi and south of the great lakes. The cash consideration paid by the Government was 1210,000.

GRE6G5 Dayid !-, lawyer and Secretary ol State, emigrated from Albany, N. Y., and began the practice of law at Joliet, 111., where, in 1839, he also edited **The Juliet Courier,'* the first paper established in Will County. From 1842 to 1846, he represented Will, Du Page and Iroquois Counties in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies; later removed to Chicago, after which he served for a time as United States Dis* trict Attorney; in 1847 was chosen one of the Delegates from Cook County to the State Consti* tutional Convention of that year, and served as Secretary of State from 1850 to 1858, as successor to Horace S. Cooley, who died in office the former year. In the Democratic State Convention of 1852, Mr. Gregg was a leading candidate for the nomination for Governor, though finally defeated by Joel A. Matteson; served as Presidential Elector for that year, and. in 1853, Tvas appointed by President Pierce Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands, still later for a time acting as the minister or adviser of King Kamehamaha FV, who died in 1863. Returning to California he was appointed by President Lincoln Receiver of Public Moneys at Carson City, Nov., where he died. Dec. 23, 1868.

GREGORY, John MiltOD, clergyman and educator, was bom at Sand Lake, Rensselaer Co, N. Y.. July 6, 1822; graduated from Union College in 1846 and, after devoting two years to the study of law, studied theology and entered the Baptist ministry. After a brief pastorate in the East he came West, becoming Principal of a classical school at Detroit. His ability as an educator was soon recognized, and, in 1858, he was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction in Michigan, but declined a re-election in 1863. In 1854, he assisted in founding **The Michigan Journal of Education,'' of which he was editor-in-chief. In 1863 he accepted the Presidency of Kalanuusoo College, and four years later was oaUed to that of the newly founded University of Illinois, at Champaign, where he remained until 1880. He was United States Commissioner to the Vienna Exposition in 1878, Illinois State Commissioner to the Paris Elxposition of 1878, also serving as one of the judges in the educational department of the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876. From 1882 to '85 he was a member of the United States Civil Service Commission. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Madison University (Hamilton, N. Y.) in 1866. While State Superintendent he published a *'Compend of School Laws'* of Michigan, besides numerous addresses on educational Biibjects. Other works of his are ''Handbook of History" and "Map of Time'* (Chicago, 1866) ; "A New Political Economy" (Cincinnati, 1882); and "Seven Laws of Teaching" (Chicago, 1888). While holding a chair as Professor Emeritus of Political Economy in the University of Illinois during the latter years of his life, he resided in Washington, D. C, where he died, Oct. 20, 1898. By his special request he was buried on the grounds of the University at Champaign.

GRESHAM^ Walter Qnlntoii^ soldier, jurist and statesman, was bom near Lanesville, Harrison County, Ind., March 17, 1882. Two years at a seminary at Corydon, followed by one year at Bloomington University, completed his early education, which was commenced at the common schools. He read law at Corydon, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. In 1860 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature, but resigned to become Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirtyeighth Indiana Volunteers, and was almost immediately oommissioned Colonel of the Fiftythird Regiment. After the fall of Vibksburg he was promoted to a Brigadier-Generalship, and was brevetted Major-General on March 18, 1865. At Atlanta he was severely wounded, and disabled from service for a year. After the war he resumed practice at New Albany, Ind. His political career' began in 1856, when he stumped his county for Fremont. From that time until 1892 he was always prominently identified with the Republican party. In 1866 he was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Congress, and. in 1867-68, was the financial agent of his State (Indiana) in New York. In 1869 President Grant appointed him Judge of the United States District Court for Indiana. In 1883 he resigned this position to accept the portfolio of Postmaster-General in the Cabinet of President Arthur. In July, 1884, upon the death of Secretary Folger, he was made Secretary of the Treasury. In Oct. 1884, he was appointed United States Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, and thereafter made his home in Chicago. He was an earnest advocate of the renomination of Grant in that year, but subsequently took no active personal part in politics. In 1888 he was the substantially unanimous choice of Illinois Republicans for the Presidency, but w.as defeated in convention. In 1892 he was tendered the Populist nomination for President, but declined. In 1898 President Cleveland ofifered him the portfolio of Secretary of State, which he accepted, dying in office at Washington, D. C, May 28, 1895.

6REUSEL, Nicholas^ soldier, was bom in Germany, July 4, 1817, the son of a soldier of Murat; came to New York in 1838 and to Detroit, Mich., in 1885 ; served as a Captain of the First Michigan Volunteers in the Mexican War; in 1857, came to Chicago and was employed on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, until the firing on Fort Sumter, when he promptly enrolled himself as a private in a company organized at Aurora, of which he was elected Captain and attached to the Seventh Illinois (three-months' men), later being advanced to the rank of Major. Re-enlisting for three years, he was conmiissioned Lieutenant- Colonel, but, in August following, was commissioned Colonel of the Thirty-sixth Illinois; took part in the battles of Pea Ridge and Perryville and the campaign against Corinth ; compelled to resign on accoimt of failing health, in February, 1863, he removed to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, whence he returned to Aurora in 1898. Died at Aurora, April 25. 1896.

GRIDLETy Asahel^ lawyer and banker, was born at Cazenovia, N. Y., April 21, 1810; was educated at Pompey Academy and, at the age of 21, came to Illinois, locating at Bloomington and engaging in the mercantile business, which he carried on quite extensively some eight years. He served as First Lieutenant of a cavalry company during the Black Hawk War of 1882, and soon after was elected a Brigadier-General of militia, thereby acquiring the title of "General*' In 1840 he was elected to the lower branch of the Twelfth General Assembly, and soon after began to turn his attention to the study of law, subsequently forming a partnership with CoL J. H. Wickizer, which continued for a number of years. Having been elected to the State Senate in 1850, he took a conspicuous part in the two succeeding sessions of the General Assembly in securing the location of the Chicago & Alton and the Illinois Central Railroads by way of Bloomington: was also, at a later period, a leading promoter of the

Indiana, Bloomingtoa & Western and other lines. In 1858 he joined J. Y. Scanunon and J. H. Buroh of Chicago* in the establishment of the McLean County Bank at Bloomington, of which he became President and ultimately sole proprietor; also became proprietor* in 1857, of the Bloomington Gktf- Light Sc Coke Company, which he managed some twenty-five years. Originally a Whig, he identified himself with the Republican cause in 1856, serving upon the State Central Committee during the campaign of that year, but, in 1872, took part in the Liberal Republican movement, serving as a delegate to the Cincinnati Convention, where he was a zealous supporter of David Davis for the Presidency. Died, at Bloomington, Jan. 20, 1881.

GBIERy (CoL) David Perkins^ soldier and merchant, was bom near Wilkesbarre, Pa., in 1887; received a conmion school education and, in 1852, came to Peoria, IlL, where he engaged in the grain business, subsequently, in partnership with his brother, erecting the first grain-elevator in Peoria, with three or four at other points. Early in the war he recruited a company of which he was elected Captain, but, as the State quota was already full, it was not accepted in Illinois, but was mustered in, in June, as a part of the Eighth Missouri Yolunteerq. With this organization he took part in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, the battle of Shiloh and the siege and capture of Corinth. In August, 1862, he was ordered to report to Qovemor Yates at Springfield, and, on his arrival, was presented with a conamission as Colonel of the Seventy-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of which he retained command up to the siege of Vicksburg. During that siege he commanded a brigade and, in subsequent operations in Louisiana, was in command of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division of the Thirteenth Army Corps. Later he had command of an the troops on Dauphin Island, and took a oonspiouous part in the capture of Fort Morgan and Mobile, as well as other, operations in Alabama. He subsequently had command of a division until his muster-out, July 10, 1865, with the rank of brevet Brigadier-CeneraL After the war, Qeneral Grier resumed his business as a grain merchant at ]^eoria, but, in 1879, removed to East St. Louis, where he had charge of the erection and management of the Union Elevator there - was also Vice-President and Director of the St. Louis Merchants' Exchange. Died, April 22, 1891.

to Trumbull County, Ohio, and, about 1850, to Jacksonville, IlL, where he was engaged for a time in teaching music, later embarking in the grain and produce business at Meredosia. He enlisted promptly at the beginning of the Civil War, becoming Aid-de-camp to Qeneral Prentiss at Cairo during the three-months* service, later being conmiissioned Major of the Sixth Illinois Cavairy. From, this time his promotion was rapid. He was conunissioned Colonel of the same regiment in March, 1862, and was commander of a brigade in December following. He was promi- -nent in nearly all the cavalry skirmishes between Memphis and the Tennessee river, and, in April and May, 1868, led the f^unous raid from La Grange, Tenn., through the States of Mississippi and Louisiana to Baton Rouge in the latter - for the first time penetrating the heart of the Confederacy and causing consternation among the rebel leaders, while materially aiding General Grant's movement against Vicksburg. This demonstration was generally regarded as one of the most brilliant events of the war, and attracted the attention of the whole country. In recognition of this service he was, on June 8, 1863, made a Brigadier-General, and May 27, 1865, a full Major-G^eneral of Volunteers. Soon after the close of the war he entered the regular army as Colonel of the Tenth United States Cavalry and was successively brevetted Brigadier- and Major- General for bravery shown in a raid in Arkansas during December, 1864. His subsequent service was in the West and Southwest conducting campaigns against the Indians, in the meanwhile being in command at Santa Fe, San Antonio and elsewhere. On the promotion of G^eral Miles to a Major-Generalship following the death of Ma j. -Gen. George Crook in Chicago, March 19, 1890, General Grierson, who had been the senior Colonel for some years, vvras promoted Brigadier- General and retired with that rank in July following; homein Jacksonville, III. Died Aug. 31, 1911. (ilBIGGSy Samuel Chapman, publisher, was bom in Tolland, Conn., July 20, 1819; began business as a bookseller at Hamilton, N. Y., but removed to Chicago, where he established the largest bookselling trade in the Northwest. Mr. Griggs was a heavy loser by the fire of 1871, and the following year, having sold out to his partners, established himself in the publishing busi* ness, which he conducted until 1896, when he retired. The class of books published by him include many educational and classical, with others of a high order of merit. Died in Chicago, April 5, 1897.

GBI6CISTILLE, a city in Pike County, on the Wabash Raih-oad, 4 miles west of the Illinois River, and 60 miles east of Quincy. Flour, camp stoves, and brooms are manufactured here. The city has churches, graded schools, a public library, fair grounds, opera house, a bank and two weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,400; (1900), 1,404; (1910), 1,262.

6BIMSHAW, Jackson, lawyer and politician, was bom in Philadelphia, Nov. 22, 1820, of Anglo- Irish and Revolutionary ancestry. He was partially educated at Bristol College, Pa., and began the study of law with his father, who was a lawyer and an author of repute. His professional studies were interrupted for a few years, during which he was employed at surveying and civil engineering, but he was admitted to the bar at Harrisburg, in 1848. The same year he settled at Pittsfield, IlL, where he formed a partnership with his brother, William A. Grimshaw. In 1857 he removed to Quincy, where he resided for the remainder of his life. He was a member of the first Republican Convention* at Bloomington, in 1856, and was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Congress (1856 and *58) in a strongly Democratic District. He was a warm personal friend and trusted counsellor of Governor Yates, on whose staff he served as Ck)loneL During 1861 the latter sent Mr. Qrimshaw to Washing^n with dispatches announcing the capture of Jefiferson Barracks, Mo. On arriving at Annapolis, learning that the railroads had been torn up by rebel sympathizers, he walked from that city to the capital, and was summoned into the presence of the President and General Scott with his feet protruding from his boots. In 1865 Mr. Lincoln appointed him Collector of Internal Revenue for the Quincy District, which office he held until 1869. Died, at Quincy. Dec. 13, 1875.

GRIMSHAW, William A., early lawyer, was bom in Philadelphia and admitted to the bar in his native city at the age of 19; in 1883 came to Pike County, 111., where he continued to practice until his death. He served in the State Constitutional Convention of 1847, and had the credit of preparing the article in the second Constitution prohibiting dueling. In 1864 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President a second time; also served as Presidential Elector in 1880. He was, for a time, one of the Trustees of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at JacksonviUe, and, from 1877 to 1882, a member of the State Board of Public Charities, being for a time President of the Board. Died, at Pittsfield, Jan. 7, 1895.

GRINNELL, Julias S*^ lawyer and ex-Judge, was bom in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., in 1842, of New England parents, who were of French descent. He graduated from Middlebury College in 1866, and, two years later, was admitted to the bar at Ogdensburg, N. T. In 1870 he removed to Chicago, where he soon attained a prominent position at the bar; was elected City Attorney in 1879, and re-elected in 1881 and 1883. In 1884 he was elected State's Attorney for Cook County, in which capacity he successfully conducted some of the most celebrated criminal prosecutions in the history of Illinois. Among these may be mentioned the cases against Joseph T. Mackin and William J. Gallagher, growing out of an election conspiracy in Chicago in 1884; the conviction of a number of Cook County Conmiissioners for accepting bribes in 1885, and the conviction of seven anarchistic leaders charged with complicity in the Haymarket riot and massacre in Chicago, in May, 1886 - ^the latter trial being held in 1887. The same year (1887) he was elected to the Circuit bench of Cook County, but resigned his seat in 1890 to become counsel for the Chicago City Railway. Died, in Chicago, June 8, 1898.

GROSSy Jacob, ex-State Treasurer and banker, was bom in Germany, Feb. 11, 1840; having lost his father by death at 13, came to the United States two years later, spent a year in Chicago schools, learned the trade of a tinsmith and clerked in a store until August, 1862, when he enlisted in the Eighty-Second Illinois Volunteers (the second "Hecker Regiment"); afterwards participated in some of the most important battles of the war, including Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Resaca and others. At Dallas, Ga., he had his right leg badly shattered by a bullet-wound above the knee, four successive amputations being found necessary in order to save his life. Having been discharged from the service in February, 1865, he took a course in a commercial college, became deputy clerk of the Police Court, served three terms as Collector of the West Town of Chicago, and an equal number of terms (12 years) as Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and, in 1884, was elected State Treasurer. Since retiring from the latter office, Mr. Gross has been engaged in the banking business, being President, for several years, of the Commercial Bank of Chicago.

GROSS, William !-, lawyer, was bom in Herkimer County, N. Y., Feb. 21, 1839, came with his father to Illinois in 1844, was admitted to the bar at Springfield in 1862, but almost immediately entered the servioe of the Government, and, a year later, was appointed by President Lincohi Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, and, under command of General Stager, assigned to the Department of the Ohio as Military Superintendent of Telegraphs. At the close, of the wathe was transferred to the Department of the Gulf, taking control of military telegraphs in that Department with headquarters at New Orleans, remaining until August, 1866, meanwhile being brevetted Major and Lieutenant-Colonel. For the next two years he occupied various positions in the civil telegraph service, but, in 1868, resumed the practice of law at Springfield, in conjimction with his brother (Eugene L.) issuing the first volume of "Gross' Statutes of Illinois," followed in subsequent years by two additional volumes, besides an Index to all the Laws of the State. In 1878 he was elected as a Republican to the General Assembly from Sangamon County, and, in 1884, was appointed by Governor Hamilton Circuit Judge to succeed Judge C. S. Zane, who had been appointed Chief Justice of Utah. Upon the organization of the Illinois State Bar Association, Judge Gross became its first Secretary, serving until 1883, when he was elected President, again serving as Secretary and Treasurer. Died Jan. 18, 1909. GBOSSCUP; Peter Stenger^ jurist, bom in Ashland, Ohio, Feb. 15, 1852; was educated in the local schools and Wittenberg College, graduating from the latter in 1872; read law in Boston, Mass., and settled down to practice in his native town, in 1874. He was a candidate for Congress in a Democratic District before he was 25 years old, but, being a Republican, was defeated. Two years later, being thrown by a reapportionment into the same district with William McKinley, he put that gentleman in nomination for the seat in Congress to which he was elected. He removed to Chicago in 1888, and, for several years, was the partner of the late Leonard Swett; in December, 1892, was appointed by President Harrison Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois as successor to Judge Henry W. Blodgett. On the death qt Judge Showalter, in December, 1898, Judge Grosscup was appointed his successor as Judge of the United States Circuit Court for the Seventh Judicial District. Although one of the youngest incumbents upon the bench of the United States Court, Judge Grosscup has given ample evidence of his ability as a jurist, besides proving himself in harmony with the progressive spirit of the time on questions of national and international interest.

GRUNDY COUNTY, situated in the northeastem quarter of the State, having an area of 440 square miles and a population (1910) of 24,162. The surface is mainly rolling prairie, beneath which is a continuous coal seam, three feet thick. Building stone is abundant (particularly near Morris), and there are considerable beds of potter's clay. Tlie county is crossed by the Illinois River and the Illinois & Michigan Canal, also by the Rock Island and the Chicago & Alton Railways. The chief occupation of the people is agriculture, although there are several manufacturing establishments. The first white settler of whom any record has been preserved, was William Marquis, who arrived at the mouth of the Mazon in a "prairie schooner" in 1828. Other pioneers were Colonel Sayers, W. A. Holloway, Alexander K. Owen, John Taylor, James McCartney and Joab Chappell. The first public land sale was made in 1835, and, in 1841, the county was organized out of a part of La Salle, and named after Felix Grundy, the eminent Tennesseean. The first poUbook showed 148 voters. Morris was chosen the county-seat and has so remained. Its present population is 3,658. Another prosperous town is Gardner, with 1,100 inhabitants.

GULLIYEB, John Patnam, DJ).^ LL.D., clergyman and educator, was bom in Boston, Mass., May 12, 1819; graduated at Yale College, in 1840, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1845, meanwhile serving two years as Principal of Randolph Academy. From 1845 to 1865 he was pastor of a church at Norwich, Conn., in 1865-68, of the New England Church, of Chicago, and, 1868-72, President of Knox College at Galesburg, 111. The latter year he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Binghamton, N. Y., remaining until 1878, when he was elected Professor of the ''Relations of Christianity and Secular Science" at Andover, holding this position actively until 1891, and then, as Professor Emeritus, until his death, Jan. 25, 1894 He was & member of the Corporation of Yale College and had been honored with the degrees of D.D. and LL.D.

GURLEY^ William F. E., State Geologist, was bom at Oswego, N. Y., June 5, 1854; brought by his parents to Danville, IlL, in 1864, and educated in the public schools of that city and Cornell University, N. Y. ; served as city engineer of Danville in 1885-87, and again in 1891-93. In July of the latter year he was appointed by Governor Altgeld State Geologist as successor to Prof. Joshua Lindahl.

HACKER^ John S.^ pioneer and soldier of the Mexican War, was bom at Owensburg, Ky., November, 1797; in early life removed to Missouri, where he was employed in the stock and produce trade with New Orleans. Having married in 1817, he settled at Jonesboro, Union Ck>unty, 111., where he kept a tavern for a number of years, and was also engaged some thirty years in mercantile business. It is said that he was unable to read until taught after marriage by his wife, who appears to have been a woman of intelligence and many graces. In 1824 he was elected Representative in the Fourth General Assembly and, in 1884, to the State Senate, serving by re-election in 1838 until 1842, and being a supporter of the internal improvement scheme. In 1887 he voted for the removal of the State capital from Vandalia to Springfield, and, though differing from Abraham Lincoln politically, was one of his warm personal friends. He served in the War of 1812 as a private in the Missouri militia, and, in the Mexican War, as Captain of a company in the Second Regiment, Illinois Volunteers - Col. W. H. Bissell's. By service on the staff of Oovemor Duncan, he had already obtained the title of Colonel He received the nomination for Lieutenant-Governor from the first formal State Convention of the Democratic party in December, 1887, but the head of the ticket (CoL J. W. Stephenson) having withdrawn on accoimt of charges connected with his administration of the Land Office at Dixon, Colonel Hacker also declined, and a new ticket was put in the field headed by Col. Thomas L Carlin, which was elected in 1888. In 1849 Colonel Hacker made the overland journey to California, but returning with impaired health in 1852, located in Cairo, where he held the position of Surveyor of the Port for three years, when he was removed by President Buchanan on account of his friendship for Senator Douglas. He also served, from 1854 to *56, as Secretary of the Senate Conmiittee on Territories under the Chairmanship of Senator Douglas, and, in 1856, as Assistant Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives in Washington. In 1857 he returned to Jonesboro and spent the remainder of his life in practical retirement, dying at the home of his 4&ughter, in Anna, May 18. 1878.

HADLETy William F. L., lawyer and Congressman, was bom near Collinsville, ILL, June 15, 1847; grew up on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools and at McKendree College, where he graduated in 1867. In 1871 he graduated from the Law Department of the

University of Michigan, and established him self in the practice of his profession at Edwardsville. He was elected to the State Senate from Madison County in 1886, serving four years, and was nominated for a eecond term, but declined; was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention of 1888, and, in 1895, was nominated and elected, in the Eighteenth District, as a Republican, to the Fifty-fourth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Frederick Remann, who had been elected in 1894, but died before taking his seat. Mr. Hadley was a candidate for re-election in 1896, but was prevented by protracted illness from making a canvass, and suffered a defeat. He was a son-in-law of the late Edward M. West, long a prominent business man of Edwardsville, and after his retirement from Congress devoted his attention to his profession and banking business. Died at Riveiside, Cal., April 25, 1901.

HAHNEMANN HOSPITAL, a homeopathic hospital located in Chicago. It was first opened with twenty beds, in November, 1870, in a block of wooden buildings, the use of which was given rent free by Mr. J. Toung Scammon, and was known as the Scammon Hospital After the fire of October, 1871, Mr. Scammon deeded the property to the Trustees of the Hahnemann Medical College, and the hospital was placed on the list of public charities. It also received a donation of $10,000 from the ReUef and Aid Society, besides numerous private benefactions. In April, 1878, at the suggestion of Mr. Scammon, the name of the institution was changed to the Hahnemann Hospital, by which designation it has since been known. In 1893 the oomer-stone of a new hospital was laid and the building completed in 1894. It is seven stories in height, with a capacity for 225 beds, and is equipped with all the improved appliances and facilities for the care and protection of the sick. It has also about sixty private rooms for paying patients.

HAHNEMANN MEpiCAL COLLEGE, located in Chicago, chartered in 1834-85, but not organized until 1860, when temporary quarters were secured over a drug-store, and the first ooUege ^ term opened, with a teaching faculty numbering nine professors, besides clinical lecturers, demonstrators, etc. In 1866-67 the institution moved into larger quarters and, in 1870, the oomer-stone of a new college building was laid. The six snoceeding years were marked by internal dissension, ten of the professors withdrawing to establish a rival school The faculty was curtailed in numbers and re-organized. In August,

1892, the comer-stone of a second building was laid with appropriate Masonic ceremonies, the new structure occupying the site of the old, but being larger, better sUranged and better equipped. Women were admitted as students in 1870-71 and co-education of the sexes has ever since continued an established feature of the institution. For more than thirty-five years a free dispensary has been in operation in connection with the college. HAIKESy John Charles, Mayor of Chicago and legislator, was bom in Oneida CJounty, N. Y., May 26, 1818 ; came to Chicago in 1885, and, for the next eleven years, was employed in various pursuits; served three terms (1848-54) in the City Council ; was twice elected Water Commissioner (1853 and '56), and, in 1858, was chosen Mayor, serving two terms. He also served as Delegate from Cook County in the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, and, in 1874, was elected to the State Senate from the First District, serving in the Twenty -ninth and Thirtieth General Assemblies. At the session of 1877 he received sixtynine votes for the seat in the United States Senate to which Judge David Davis was afterwards elected. Mr. Haines was a member of the C^cago Historical Society, was interested in the old Chicago West Division Railway and President of the Savings Institute. During his later years he was a resident of Waukegan, dying there, July 4, 1896. - Elijah Middlebrook (Haines), brother of the preceding, lawyer, politician and legislator, was born in Oneida County, N. Y., April 21, 1822 ; came to Illinois in boyhood, locating first at Chicago, but, a year later, went to Lake County, where he resided until his death. His education, rudimentary, classical and professional, was self-acquired. He began to occupy and cultivate a farm for himself before attaining his majority; studied law, and, in 1851, was admitted to the bar, beginning practice at Waukegan; in 1860 opened an office in Chicago, still, however, making his home at Waukegan. In 1855 he published a compilation of the Illinois township laws, followed by a ''Treatise on the Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace. " He made similar compilations of the township laws of Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Missouri. By nature Mr. Haines was an agitator, and his career as a politician both checkered and unique. Originally a Democrat, he abandoned that organization upon the formation of the Republican party, and was elected by the latter to the Legislature from Lake County in 1858, *60 and '62. In 1867 he came into prominence as an anti-monopolist, and on this issue was elected to the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. In 1870 he was again chosen to the Legislature as an "independent,'* and, as such, re-elected in '74, '82, '84, '86 and '88, receiving the support, however, of the Democrats in a District normally Republican. He served as Speaker during the sessions of 1875 and '85, the party strength in each of these Assemblies being so equally divided that he either held, or was able to control, the balance of power. He was an adroit parliamentarian, but his decisions were the cause of much severe criticism, being regarded by both Democrats and Republicans as often arbitrary and unjust. The two sessions over which he presided were among the stormiest in the State's history. Died, at Waukegan, April 25, 1889.

HALE^ Albert^ pioneer clergyman, was bom at Glastonbury, Conn., Nov. 29, 1799; after some years spent as a clerk in a country store at Wethersfield, completed a course in the theological department of Yale College, later serving as a home missionary, in Georgia ; came to Illinois in 1831, doing home missionary work in Bond County, and. in 1833, was sent to Chicago, where his open candor, benignity and blameless conduct enabled him to exert a powerful influence over the dnmken aborigines who constituted a large and menacing class of the population of what was then a frontier town. In 1839 he assumed the pastorate of the Second Presbyterian Church in Springfield, continuing that connection tmtil 1865. From that time mntil his death, his life was largely devoted to missionary work among the extremely poor and the pariahs of society. Among these he wielded a large influence and always conmianded genxdne respect from all denominations. His forte was love rather than argument, and in this lay the secret of his success. Died, in Springfield, Jan. 30, 1891.

HALE^ (Dr.) Edwin M.^ physician, was bom in Newport, N. H., in 1829, commenced the study of medicine in 1848 and, in 1850, entered the Cleveland Homeopathic College, at the end of the session locating at Jonesville, Mich. From 1855 he labored in the interest of a representation of homeopathy in the University of Michigan. When this was finally accomplished, he was offered the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, but was compelled to decline in consequence of having been elected to the same position in the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. In 1876 he made a visit to Europe, and, on his return, severed his connection with the Hahnemann and accepted a similar position in the Chicago Homeopathic College, where he remained five yearst when he retired with the rank of Professor Emeritus. Dr. Hale was the author of several volumes held in high esteem by members of the profession, and maintained a high reputation for professional skill and benevolence of character. He was a member of the Chicago Academy of Sciences and an honorary member of various home and foreign associations. Died, in Chicago, Jan. 18, 1899.

HALLy (CoL) Cyrus^ soldier, was bom in Fayette County, IlL, August 29, 1822 - the son of a pioneer who came to Illinois about the time of its admission as a State. He served as Second Lieutenant in the Third Illinois Volunteers (CoL Foreman's regiment), during the Mexictm War, and, in 1860, removed to Shelbyville to engage in hotel-keeping. The Civil War coming on, he raised the first company for the war in Shelby County, which was attached to the Fourteenth Illinois (Col. John M. Palmer's regiment); was promptly promoted from Captain to Major and finally to Lieutenant-Colonel, on the promotion of Palmer to Brigadier-General, succeeding to command of the regiment. The Fourteenth Regiment having been finally consolidated with the Fifteenth, Lieutenant-Colonel Hall was transferred, with the rank of Colonel, to the command of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth Illinois, which he resigned in March, 1864, was breveited Brigadier-General for gallant and meritorious service in the field, in March, 1865, and mustered out Sept 16, 1865. Returning to Shelbyville, he engaged in the furniture trade, later was appointed Postmaster, serving some ten years and imtil his death, Sept. 6, 1878.

HALL^ James^ legislator, jurist. State Treasurer and author, was bom in Philadelphia, August 19, 1793; after serving in the War of 1812 and spending some time with Com. Stephen Decatur in the Mediterranean, in 1815, he studied law, beginning practice at Shawneetown, in 1820. He at once assumed prominence as a citizen, was appointed State's Attorney in 1821, and elevated to the bench of the Circuit Court in 1825. He was legislated out of office two years later and resumed private practice, making his home at Vandalia, where he was associated with Robert Blackwell in the publication of 'The Illinois Intelligencer." The same year (1827) he was elected by the Legislature State Treasurer, continuing in office four years. Later he removed to Cincinnati, where he died, July 5, 1868. He conducted **The Western Monthly Magazine," the first periodical published in Illinois. Among his published volumes may be mentioned ''Tales of

HAMEB^ Thomas^ soldier and legislator, was bom in Union County, Pa., June 1, 1818; came to Illinois in 1846 and began business as a merchant at Vermont, Fulton County; in 1863 assisted in recruiting the Eighty-fourth Illinois Volunteers and was elected Lieutenant-Colonel; was wounded in the battle of Stone River, returned to duty after i)artial recovery, but was finally compelled to retire on account of disability. Returning home he resumed business, but retired in 1878; was elected Representative in the General Assembly in 1886 and to the Senate in 1888, and re-elected to the latter in 1892, making ten years of continuous service.

HAMILTOIf^ a city in Hancock County, on the Mississippi River opposite Keokuk, Iowa; at junction of the Toledo, Peoria & Western and Keokuk branch of the Wabash Railway. Its position at the foot of the lower rapids insures abundant water power for manufacturing purposes. An iron railroad and wagon bridge connects the Illinois city with Keokuk. It has two banks, electric lights, one newspaper, six churches, a high school, and an apiary. The surrounding country is a farming and fruit district. The city is the site of Riverside Mineral Springs and a sanitarium. Pop. (1890), 1,301; (1900), 1,344; (1910), 1,627.

HAMILTON, John B., H.D, LL.D., surgeon, was bom of a')>ioneer family in Jersey County, 111., Dec. 1, 1847, his grandfather, Thomas M. Hamilton, having removed from Ohio in 1818 to Monroe County, 111., where the father of the subject of this sketch was bom. The latter (Elder Benjamin B. Hamilton) was for fifty years a Baptist preacher, chiefly in Greene County, and, from 1862 to '65, Chaplain of the Sixty-first Illinois Volunteers. Young Hamilton, having received his literary education at home and with a classical teacher at Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1863 began the study of medicine, and the following year attempted to enlist as a soldier, but was rejected on accoimt of being a minor. In 1869 he graduated from Rush Medical College in Chicago, and, for the next five years, was engaged in general practice. Then, having passed an examination before an Army Examining Board, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the regular army with the rank of First Lieutenant, serving successively at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis; Fort Colville, Washington, and in the Marine Hospital at Boston ; in 1879 became Supervising Surgeon- General as successor to Gren. John M. Wood worth and, during the yellow-fever epidemio in the South, a few years later, rendered efficient service in checking the spread of the disease by taking charge of the camp of refugees from Jacksonville and other stricken points. Resigning the position of Surgeon-General in 1891, he took charge of the Marine Hospital at Chicago and became Professor of Surgery in Rush Medical Ck)llege, besides holding other allied positions; was also editor of '*The Journal of the American Medical Association.'* In 1896 he resigned his position in the Medical Department of the United States Army, in 1897 was appointed Superintendent for the Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin, but died, Dec. 24, 1898.

HAMILTON; John L.^ farmer and legislator, was bom at Newry, Ireland, Nov. 9, 1829; emigrated to Jersey CJounty, 111., in 1851, where he began life working on a farm. Later, he followed the occupation of a farmer in Mason and Macoupin Counties, finally locating, in 1864, in Iroquois County, which has since been his home. After filling various local offices, in 1875 he was elected County Treasurer of Iroquois County as a Republican, and twice re-elected (1877 and '79), also, in 1880, being Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee. In 1884 he was elected to the House of Representatives, being one of the **103" who stood by Ceneral Logan in the memorable Senatorial contest of 1885 ; was re-elected in 1886, and again returned to the same body in 1890 and '98.

HAMILTOIf, John Marshall^ lawyer and ex- Governor, was bom in Union County, Ohio, May 28, 1847; when 7 years of age, was brought to Illinois by his father, who settled on a farm in Marshall County. In 1864 (at the age of 17; he enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Illinois Volunteers - a 100-day regiment. After being mustered out, he matriculated at the Wasleyan (Ohio) University, from which he graduated in 1868. For a year he taught school at Henry, and later became Professor of Languages at the Wesleyan (111.) University at Bloomington. He was admitted to the bar in 1870. and has been a successful practitioner at the bar. In 1876 he was elected State Senator from McLean County, and, in 1880, Lieutenant-Oovernor on the ticket with Gov. Shelby M. Cullom. On Feb. 6, 1883, he was inaugurated Governor, to succeed Governor Cullom, who had been chosen LTnited States Senator. In 1884 he was a candidate for the gubernatorial nomination before the Republican State Convention at Peoria, but that body selected ex-Gov. and ex-Senator Richard J.

HAMILTON, Richard Jones, pioneer lawyer, was bom near Danville. Ky., August 21, 1799; studied law and, about 1820, came to Jonesboro, Union County, 111. , in company with Abner Field, afterwards State Treasurer ; in 1821 was appointed cashier of the newly established Branch State Bank at Brownsville, Jackson County, but, in 1831, removed to Chicago, Governor Reynolds having appointed him the first Probate Judge of Cook County. At the same time he also held the ofiices of Circuit and CJounty Clerk, Recorder and Commissioner of School lands - the sale of the Chicago school section being made under his administration. He was a Ck>lonel of State militia and, in 1832, took an active part in raising volunters for defense during the Black Hawk War; also was a candidate for the colonelcy of the Fifth Regiment for the Mexican War (1847), but was defeated by Colonel Newby. In 1856 he- was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on the Democratic ticket. Died, Dec. 26, 1860.

HAMILTON, William Stephen, pioneer - son of Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secretary of the Treasury - was born in New York City, August 4, 1797; spent three years (1814-17), at West Point ; came west and located at an early day &t Springfield, 111. ; was a deputy surveyor of public lands, elected Representative from Sangamon County, in the Fourth General Assembly (1824-26); in 1827 removed to the Lead Mine region and engaged in mining at '^Hamilton's Diggings" (now Wiota) in southwest Wisconsin, and occasionally practiced law at Galena; was a member of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature of 1842-43, emigrated to California in 1849, and died in Sacramento, Oct. 9, 1850, where, some twenty years later, a monument was erected to his memory. Colonel Hamilton was an aid-decamp of Governor Coles, who sent him forward to meet General La Fayette on his way from New Orleans, on occasion of La Fayette's visit to Illinois in 1825.

HAMILTON COUNTY, situated in the southeastern part of the State; has an area of 440 square miles, and population (1910) of 18,227 - named for Alexander Hamilton. It was organized in 1821, with McLeansboro as the coimtyseat. The surface of the coimty is rolling and the fertile soil well watered and drained by numerous creeks, fiowing east and south into Wabash, which constitutes its southeast eru boimdary. Coal crops out at various points in the southwestern portion. Originally Hamilton County was a dense forest, and timber is still abimdant and saw-mills numerous. * Among the hard woods found are black and white oak, black walnut, ash and hickory. The softer woods are in imusual variety. Com and tobacco are the principal crops, although considerable fruit is cultivated, besides oats, winter wheat and potatoes. Sorghum is also extensively produced. Among the pioneer settlers was a Mr. Auxier (for whom a water course was named), in 1815; Adam Crouch, the Biggerstaffs and T. Stelle, in 1818, and W. T. Golson and Louis Baxter, in 1821. The most important town is McLeansboro, whose population in 1890 was 1,855.

HAMMOND; Charles Goodrich^ Railway Mana^ ger, was bom at Bolton, Conn., June 4, 1804, sp^t his youth in Chenango County, N. Y., where he became Principal of the Whitesboro Seminary (in which he was partially educated), and entered mercantile life at Canandaigua; in 1884 removed to Michigan, where he held various offices, including member of the Legislature and Auditor; in 1852 completed the construction of the Michigan Central Railroad (the first line from the East) to Chicago, and took up his residence in that city. In 1855 he became Superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, but soon resigned to take a trip to Europe for the benefit of his health. Returning from Europe in 1869, he accepted the Superintendency of the Union Pacific Railroad, but was compelled to resign by failing health, later becoming Vice-President of the Pullman Palace Car Company. He was Treasurer of the Chicago Relief & Aid Society after the fire of 1871, and one of the founders of the Chicago Theological Seminary (Congregational); also President, for several years, of the Chicago Home for the Friendless. Died, April 15, 1884

HAMPSHIRE, a village of Kane County, on the Omaha Division of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, 61 miles west-northwest from Chicago. There are brick and tile works, a large canning factory, pickle factory, and machine shop; dairy and stock interests are large. The place has a bank, electric lights and water- works, and a weekly paper. Pop. (1910), 697.

HANCOCK COUNTY, on the western border of the State, bounded on the west by the Mississippi River; was organized in 1825 and named for John Hancock; has an area of 780 square miles; population (1910) 30,638. Its early settlers were chiefly from the Middle and Southern States, among them being I. J. Waggen, for nearly sixty years a resident of Montebello Township. Black EEawk, the famous Indian Chief, is reputed to have been bom within the limits of Camp Creek Township, in this county. Fort Edwards was erected on the present site of Warsaw, soon after the War of 1812, but was shortly afterwards evacuated. Abraham Lincoln, a cousin of the President of that name, was one of the early settlers. Among the earliest were John Day, Abraliam Brewer, Jacob Compton, D. F. Parker, the Dizons, Mendenhalls, Logans, and Luther Whitney. James White, George Y. Cutler and Henry Nichols were the first Conmiissioners. In 1839 the Mormons crossed the Mississippi, after being expelled from Missouri, and founded the city of Nauvoo in this coimty. (See MoiTnons, Nauvoo.) Carthage and Appanoose were surveyed and laid out in 1885 and 1836. A ferry across the Mississippi was established at Montebello (near the present site of Hamilton) in 1829, and another, two years later, near the site of old Fort Edwards. The county is crossed by six lines of railway, has a fine public school system, numerous thriving towns, and is among the wealthy counties of the State.

HAIfDT, Moses Pnmelly journalist, was bom at Warsaw, Mo., April 14, 1847; before he was one year old was taken back to Maryland, his parents' native State. He was educated at Portsmouth, Va., and was a student at the Virginia Collegiate Institute at the breaking out of the Civil War, when he joined the Confederate army at the age of seventeen. When the war ended Handy found himself penniless. He was schoolteacher and book-canvasser by turns, meantime writing some for a New York paper. Later he became a clerk in the office of *'The Christian Observer' ' in Richmond. In 1867, by some clever reporting for "The Richmond Dispatch," he wasable to secure a regular position on the local staff of that paper, quickly gaining a reputation as a successful reporter, and, in 1869, becoming city editor. From this time until 1887 his promotion was rapid, being employed at different times upon many of the most prominent and influential papers in the East, including "The New York Tribune," "Richmond Enquirer," and, in Philadelphia, upon "The Times," "The Press" and "Daily News. " In 1893, at the request of Director- General Davis of the World's Colimibian Elxposition, Mr. Handy accepted the position of Chief of the Department of Publicity and Promotion, preferring this to the Consul-Generalship to Egypt, tendered him about the same time by President