Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 12 of 26)

Harrison. Later, as a member of the National Commission to Europe, he did much to arouse the interest of foreign countries in the Exposition. For some time after the World's Fair, he was associate editor of *'The Chicago Times-Herald.'* In 1807, having been appointed by President McKinley United States Commissioner to the Faris Exposition of 1900, he yisited Paris. Upon his return to this country he foimd himself in very poor health, and went South in a vain attempt to regain his lost strength and vigor, but died, at Augusta, Ga., Jan. 8, 1898.

HAKKSy Dennis, pioneer, bom in Hardin County, Ky., May 15, 1799; was a cousin of the mother of Abraham Lincoln and, although ten years the senior of the latter, was his intimate friend in boyhood. Being of a sportive disposition, he often led the future President in boyish pranks. About 1818, he joined the Lincoln household in Spencer County. Ind., and finally married Sarah Johnston, the step-sister of Mr. Lincoln, the families removing to Macon Coimty, 111., together, in 1880. A year or so later, Mr. Hanks removed to Coles County, where he remained until some three years before his death, when he went to reside with a daughter at Paris, Eklgar County. It has been claimed that he first taught the youthful Abraham to read and write, and this has secured for him the title of Mr. Lincoln's teacher. He has also been credited with having once saved Lincoln from death by drowning while crossing a swollen stream. Austin CoUaher, a school- and play-mate of Lincoln^s, has also made the same claim for himself - the two stories presumably referring to the same event After the riot at Charleston, IlL, in March, 1863, in which several persons were killed, EUuiks made a visit to President Lincoln in Washington in the interest of some of the arrested rioters, and, although they were not immediately released, the fact that they were ordered returned to Charleston for trial and finally escaped punishment, has been attributed to Hanks* influence with the President. He died at Paris, Edgar County, Oct. 81. 1892, in the 94th year of his age, as the result of injuries received from being run over by a buggy while returning from an Emancipation-Day celebration, near that city, on the 22d day of September previous.

HANKS) Johii) pioneer, a cousin of the mother of Abraham Lincoln, was bom near Bardstown, Ky., Feb. 9, 1802; joined the Lincolns in Spencer Coxmty, Ind., in 1822, and made his home with them two years; engaged in flat- boating, making numerous trips to New Orleans, in one of them being aooompanied by Abraham Lincoln, then about 19 years of age, who then had his feelings aroused against slavery by his first sight of a slave-mart. In 1828 Mr. EEanks removed to Macon County, IlL, locating about four miles west of Decatur, and it was partly through his influence that the Lincolns were induced to emig^te to the same locality in 1880. EUuiks had cut enough logs to build the Lincolns a house when they arrived, and these were hauled by Abraham Lincoln to the site of the house, which was erected on the north bank of the Sangamon River, near the present site of Harristown. During the following summer he and Abraham Lincoln worked together splitting rails to fence a portion of the land taken up by the elder Lincoln - some of these rails being the ones displayed during the campaign of 1860. In 1881 Hanks and Lincoln worked together in the construction of a flat-boat on the Sangamon River, near Springfield, for a man named Off utt, which Lincoln took to New Orleans - Hanks only going as far as St. Louis, when he returned home. In 1882, Hanks served as a soldier of the Mexican War in the company commanded by Capt. I. C. Pugh,. afterwards Colonel of the Forty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War. He followed the occupation of a farmer until 1850, when he went to California, where he spent three years, returning in 1858. In 1861 he enlisted as a soldier in the Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry (afterwards commanded by General Grant), but being already 59 years of age, was placed by Grant in charge of the baggage-train, in which capacity he remained two years, serving in Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Alabama and Mississippi. While Grant was with the regiment. Hanks had charge of the staff team. Being disabled by rheumatism, he was finally discharged at Winchester, Tenn. He made three trips to California after the war. Died, July 1, 1891.

HAIfON^ Martin^ pioneer, was bom near Nashville, Tenn., April, 1799; came with his father to Gallatin Coimty, Illinois Territory, in 1812, and, in 1818, to what is now a portion of Christian County, being the first white settler in that region. Died, near Sharpsburg, Christian County, April 5, 1879.

HANOYER, a village in Jo Daviess County, on Apple River, 14 miles south-southeast of Galena. It has a woolen factory, besides five churches and a graded school. The Township (also called Han-

Uistokical Encyclopedia Of Illinois

HARMN, the county-seat of Calhoun County, situated in Hardin Township, on the west bank of the Illinois River, some 30 miles northwest of Alton; is in an agricultural and fruit-growing region; has churches, a graded school and two newspaper ofSces. Pop. (1890), 311; (1900), 494; (1910), 654.

HARDINy John J., lawyer, Congressman and soldier, was bom at Frankfort, Jan. 6, 1810. After graduating from Transylvania University and being admitted to the bar, he began practice at Jacksonville, III., in 1830; for several years he was Prosecuting Attorney of Morgan Ck)unty, later being elected to the lower house of the Legislature, where he served from 1886 to *42. The latter year he was elected to Congress, liis term expiring in 1845. During the later period of his professional career at Jacksonville he was the partner of David A. Smith, a prominent lawyer of that city, and had Richard Yates for a pupil. At the outbreak of the Mexican War he was commissioned Colonel of the First Illinois Volunteers (June 80, 1846) and was killed on the second day of the battle of Buena Vista (Feb. 27, . 1847) while lead ing the final charge. His remains were brought to Jacksonville and buried with distinguished honors in the cemetery there, his former pupil, Richard Yates, delivering the funeral oration. - Gen* Martin D* (Hardin), soldier, son of the preceding, was born in Jacksonville, IlL , June 26, 1837; graduated at West Point Military Academy, in 1859, and entered the service as brevet Second Lieutenant of the Third Artillery, a few months later becoming full Second Lieutenant, and, in May, 1861, First Lieutenant. Being assigned to the command of volunteer troops, he passed through various grades until May, 1864, when he was bre vetted Colonel of Volunteers for meritorious conduct at North River, Va., became Brigadier-GJeneral of Volunteers, July 2, 1864, was brevetted Brigadier- General of the regular army in March, 1865, for service during the war, and was finally mustered out of the volunteer service in January, 1866. He continued in the regular service, however, imtil December 15, 1870, when he was retired with the rank of Brigadier-GeneraL General Hardin lost an arm and suffered other wounds during the war. His home is in Chicago. - Ellen Hardin (Walworth), author, daughter of Col. John J. Hardin, was bom in Jacksonville, III, Oct. 20, 1832, and educated at the Female Seminary in that place; was married about 1854 to Mansfield Tracy Walworth (son of Chanoellor R. H. Walworth of New York). Her husband became an author of considerable repute, chiefly in the line of fiction, but was assassinated in 1873 by a son who was acquitted of the charge of murder on the ground of insanity. Mrs. Walworth is a leader of the Daughters of the Revolution, and has given much attention, of late years, to literary pursuits. Among her works are accounts of the Burgoyne Campaign and of the battle of Buena Vista - the latter contributed to "The Magazine of American History"; a **Life of CoL John J. Hardin and History of the Hardin Family," besides a number of patriotic and miscellaneous poems and essays. She served for several years as a member of the Board of Education, and was for six years principal of a young ladies* school at Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

HARDIN COUNTY, situated on the southeast border of the State, and bounded on the east and south by the Ohio River. It has an area of 180 square miles, and was named for a ooimty in Kentucky. The surface is broken by ridges and deep gorges, or ravines, and well timbered with oak, hickory, elm, maple, locust and cottonwood. Corn, wheat and oats are the staple agricultural products. The minerals found are iron, coal and lead, J^esides carboniferous limestone of the Keokuk group. Elizabethtown is the county-seat. Population (1880), 6,024; (1890), 7,234; (1000), 7,448; (1910), 7,015.

HARDING, AbnerClarky soldier and Member of Congress, bom in East Hampvon, Middlesex County, Conn., Feb. 10, 1807; was educated chiefly at Hamilton Academy, N. Y., and, after practicing law for a time, in Oneida County, removed to Illinois, resuming practice and managing several farms for twenty-five years. He was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1847 from Warren County, and of the lower branch of the Sixteenth General Assembly (1848-50). Between 1850 and 1860 he was engaged in railroad enterprises. In 1863 he enlisted as a private in the Eighty -third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was commissioned Colonel and, in less than a year, was promoted to Brigadier-GeneraL In 1864 he was elected to Congress and re-elected in 1866. He did much for the development of the western part of the State in the construction of railroads, the Peoria & Oquawka (now a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy) being one of the lines constructed by him. He left a fortune of about $2,000,000, and, before his death, endowed a professorship in Monmouth College Died, July 19, 1874.

HABGRITE5 Willis, pioneer, came from Kentucky to Illinois in 1816, settling near Carmi in White County; served in the Third Territorial Legislature (1817-18; and in the First Oeneral Assembly of the State (1818-20). His businesslife in Illinois was devoted to farming and saltmanufacture.

HABLANy James, statesman, was-bom in Clark County, HL, August 25, 1820 ; graduated at Asbury University, Ind.; was State Superintendent of Public Instruction in Iowa (1847), President of Iowa Wesleyan University (1858), United States Senator (1855-65), Secretary of the Interior (1865-66), but re-elected to the Senate the latter year, and, in 1869, chosen President of Iowa University. He was also a member of the Peace Conference of 1861, and a delegate to the Philadelphia Loyalists' Convention of 1866; in 1878, after leaving the Senate, was editor of '*The Washington Chronicle." and, from 1882 to 1885, presiding Judge of the Court of Commissioners of the Alabama Claims. A daughter of ex-Senator Harlan married Hon. Robert. T. Lincoln, son of President Lincohi, and (1889-98) United States Minister \o fhigland. Mr. Harlan's home is at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Died, Oct 5, 1899.

HABLAN, JoBtin, jurist, was bom in Ohio about 1801 and. at the age of 25, settled in Clark County, 111. ; served in the Black Hawk War of 1882 and, in 1885, was appointed a Justice of the Circuit Court; was a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1847 and the following year was elected to the Circuit bench under the new Constitution, being re-elected in 1855. In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln Indian Agent, continuing in office imtil 1865; in 1872 was elected County Judge of Clark County. Died, while on a visit in Kentucky, in March, 1879.

HABLOW9 George H., ex-Secretary of State, bom at Sackett's Harbor. N. Y., in 1880, removed to Tazewell County, 111., in 1854, and engaged in business as a commission merchant; also served a term as Mayor of Pekin. For many years he took a prominent part in the history of the State. Early in the *60'8 he was one of seven to organize, at Pekin, the "Union League of America,** a patriotic secret organization sworn to preserve the Union, working in harmony with the war party and against the **Sons of Liberty.** In 1862 he enlisted, and was about to go to the front, when (Jovemor Yates requested him to remain at home and continue his effective work in the Union League, saying that he could accomplish more for the cause in this way than in the field.

Accordingly Mr. Harlow continued to labor as an organizer, and the League became a powerful factor in State politics. In 1865 he was made First Assistant Secretary of the State Senate, but soon after became Governor Oglesby*s private secretary. For a time he also served as Inspector- General on the Govemor*s staff, and had charge 9f the troops as they were mustered out. I>iu*ing a portion of Mr. RummePs term (1869-78) as Secretary of State, he served as Assistant Secretary, and, in 1872, was elected as successor to Secretary Runmiel and re-elected in 1876. While in Springfield he acted as correspondent for several newspapers, and, for a year, was city editor of *'The Illinois State Journal.** In 1881 he took up his residence in Chicago, where he was engaged at different periods in the conmiission and real estate business, but has been retired of late years on account of ill health. Died May 16, 1900.

HARPER, William H., legislator and commission merchant, born in Tippecanoe County, Ind., May 4, 1845; was brought by his parents in boyhood to Woodford County, 111., and served in the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteers; took a course in a commercial college and engaged in the stock and grain-shipping business in Woodford County until 1868, when he entered upon the commission business in Chicago. From 1872 to '75 he served, by appointment of the Governor, as Chief of the Grain Inspection Department of the city of Chicago; in 1882 was elected to the Thirty-third General Assembly and re-elected in 1884. During his first term in the Legislature, Mr. Harper introduced and secured the passage of the *' High License Law.** For a time he was in grain commission trade, but later was President of the Grand Pacific Hotel Co. Died Sept. 22, 1909.

HARPER^ William Rainey^ clergyman and educator, was bom at New Concord, Ohio, July 26, 1856; graduated at Muskingimi College at the age of 14, delivering the Hebrew oration, this being one of the principal commencement honors in that institution. After three years* private study he took a post-graduate course in philology at Yale, receiving the degree of PhD., at the age of 19. For several years he was engaged in teaching, at Macon, Tenn., and Denison University, Ohio, meanwhile continuing his philological studies and devoting special attention to Hebrew. In 1879 he accepted the chair of Hebrew in the Baptist Union Theological Seminary at Morgan Park, a suburb of Chicago. Here he laid the foundation of the 'inductive method** of Hebraic study, which rapidly grew in favor. The school by correspondence was known as the

"American Institute of Hebrew/' and increased so rapidly that, by 1885, it had enrolled 800 students, from M parts of the world, many leading professors co-operating. In 1886 he accepted the professorship of Semitic Language and Literature at Yale University, having in the previous year become Principal of the Chautauqua Ck>llege of Liberal Arts, and, in 1891, Principal of the entire Chautauqua system. During the winters of 1889-91, Dr. Harper delivered courses of lectures on the Bible in various cities and before several universities and colleges, having been, in 1889, made Wooisey Professor of Biblical Literature at Yale, although still filling his former chair. In 1891 he accepted an invitation to the Presidency of the then incipient new Chicago University, which has rapidly increased in wealth, extent and influence. (See University of Chicago,) For some years he was a member oi the Chicago Board of Education; was author of numerous philological text-books, relating chiefly to Hebrew, but applying the "inductive method" to the study of Latin and Greek, and sought to improve the study of English along the same lines. In addition, he edited two scientific periodicals and published numerous monographs. Died of cancer of the stomach, Jan. 10, 1906.

H ABBIS^ Thomas L., lawyer, soldier and Member of Congress, was bom at Norwich, Conn., Oct. 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, in 1841, studied law with Gov. Isaac Toucey, and was admitted to the bar in Virginia in 1842, the same year removing to Petersburg, Menard County, IlL Here, in 1845, he was elected School Commissioner, in 1846 raised a company for the Mexican War, joined the Fourth Regiment (CoL £. D. Baker*s) and was elected Major. He was present at the capture of Vera Cruz and the battle of Cerro Gordo, after the wounding of General Shields at the latter, taking command of the regiment in place of Colonel Baker, who had assumed command of the brigade. During his absence in the army (1846) he was chosen to the State Senate; in 1848 was elected to the Thirty-first Congress, but was defeated by Richard Yates in 1850; was re-elected in 1854, '56, and *58, but died Nov. 24, 1858, a few days after his fourth election and before completing his preceding term.

HARRIS^ William Logan, Methodist Episcopal Bishop, bom near Mansfield, Ohio, Nov. 14, 1817; was educated at Norwalk Seminary, licensed to preach in 1886 and soon after admitted lo the Michigan Conference, being transferred to the Ohio Conference in 1840. In 1845-46 he was a tutor in the Ohio Wesleyan Uniyersity; then, after two years' pastoral work and eome three years as Principal of Baldwin Seminary, in 1851 returned to the Wesleyan, filling the position fiirstof Principal of the Academic Department and then a professorship; was Secretary of the General Conferences (1856-72) and, during 1860-72, Secretary of the Church Missionary Society; in 1872 was elected Bishop, and visited the Methodist Mission stations in China, Japan and Europe; joined the Illinois Conference in 1874, remaining until his death, which occurred in New York, Sept. 2, 1887. Bishop Harris was a recognized authority on Methodist Church law, and published a small work entitled 'Towers of the General Conference" (1859), and, in connection with Judge William J. Henry, of this State, a treatise on "Ecclesiastical Law,*' having special reference to the Methodist Church.

HARRISBURG9 county -seat of Saline County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 70 miles northeast of Cairo The region is devoted to agriculture and fruit-growing, and valuable deposits of salt, coal and iron are found. The town has flour and ^w mills, coal mines, dairy, brick and tile works, carriage and other wood-working establishments, two banks and one daily and two weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 1,723; (1900), 2,202: (1910), 5,309.

HARRISONf Carter Henry^ politician. Congressman and Mayor of Chicago, was bom in Fayette County, Ky., Feb. 15, 1825; at the age of 20 years graduated from Yale College and began reading law, but later engaged in farming. After spending two years in foreign travel, he entered the Law Department of Transylvania University, at Lexington, Ky., and, after graduation, settled at Chicago, where he soon became an operator in real estate. In 1871 he was elected a Commissioner of Cook County, serving three years. In 1874 he again visited Europe, and, on his return, was elected to Congress as a Democrat, being re-elected in 1876. In 1879 he was chosen Mayor of Chicago, filling that office for four successive biennial terms, but was defeated for re-election in 1887 by his Republican competitor, John A. Roche. He was the Democratic candidate for Governor in 1888, but failed of election. He thereafter made a trip around the world, and, on his return, published an entertaining account of his journey imder the title, **A Race with the Sim.*' In 1891 he was an Independent Democratic candidate for the Chicago mayoralty, but was defeated by Hempstead Washbume, Republican. In 1898 he received the regular nomina- tkm of his party for the office, and was elected. In 1893, in connection with a few associates, he purchased the plant of ' 'The Chicago Times, ' ' plaoinir his sons in charge. He was a man of strong character and intense personality, making warm friends and bitter enemies; genial, generous and kindly, and accessible to any one at all times, at either hia office or his home. Taking advantage of this latter trait, one Prendergast, on the night of Oct. 38, 1893 - ^immediately following the closing exercises of the World's Columbian £xi)06ition - gained admission to his residence, and, without the slightest provocation, shot him down in his library. He lived but a few hours. The assassin was subsequently tried, convicted and hung.

HARBISOX; Carter Henry, Jr., son of the preceding, was bom in Chicago, April 28, 1860, being a lineal descendant of Benjamin Harrison, an early Colonial Governor of Virginia, and laterally related to the signer of the Declaration of Independence of that name, and to President William Henry Harrison. Mr. Harrison was educated in the public schools of Chicago, at the Gymnasium, Altenburg, Germany, and St. Ignatius College, Chicago, graduating from the latter in 1881. Having taken a course in Yale Law School, he began practice in Chicago in 1888, remaining until 1889, when he turned his attention to real estate. His father having purchased the ''Chicago Times'* about 1892, he became associated with the editorship of that paper and, for a time, had charge of its publication until its consolidation with **The Herald'* in 1895. In 1897, he received the Democratic nomination for Mayor of Chicago, his popularity being shown by receiving a majority of the total vote. Again in 1899, he was re-elected to the same office, receiving a plurality over his Republican competitor of over 40,000. Mayor Harrison is one of the youngest men who ever held the office.

HABRISON, William Henry, first Governor of Indiana Territory (including the present State of Illinois), was bom at Berkeley, Va., Feb 9, 1778, being the son of Benjamin Harrison, a signer of the Declaration of Independence; was educated at Hampden Sidney College, and began the study of medicine, but never finished it. In 1791 he was commissioned an Ensign in the First U. S. Infantry at Fort Washington (the present site of Cincinnati), was promoted a Lieutenant a year later, and, in 1797, assigned to command of the Fort with the rank of Captain. He had pre- Tiooflly served as Aid-de-Camp to G«n. Wayne, by whom he was complimented for gallantry at the battle of Miami. In 1798 he was appointed by

President Adams Secretary of the Northwest Territory, but resigned in 1799 to become Delegate in Congress; in 1800 he was appointed Governor of the newly created Territory of Indiana^ serving by reappointment some 12 years. During his incumbency and as Commissioner, a few years later, he negotiated many important treaties with the Indians. In 1811 he won the decisive victory over Chief Tecumseh and hjs followers at Tippecanoe. Having been made a Brigadier- General in the War of 1812, he was promoted to Major-General in 1813 and, as Commander of the Army of the Northwest, he won the important battle of the Thames. Resigning his commission in 1814, he afterwards served as Representative in Ck>ngre8s from Ohio (1816-1819); Presidential Elector in 1820 and 1824; United States Senator (1824-1828), and Minister to the United States of Colombia (1828-29). Returning to the United States, he was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County, serving twelve years. In 1886 he was an unsuccessful Whig candidate for President, buf; was elected in 1840, dying in Washington City, April 4, 1841, just on^ month after his inauguration.

HABTZELL^ William, Congressman, was born in Stark County^ Ohio, Feb. 20, 1837. When he was three years old his parents removed to Illinois, and, four years later (1844) to Texas. In 1858 he returned to Illinois, settling in Randolph County, whicht became his permanent home. He was brought up on a farm, but gpraduated at Mc- Kendree College, Lebanon, in June, 1859. Five years later he was admitted to the bar, and began practice. He was Representative in Congress for two terms, being elected as a Democrat, in 1874, and again in 1876.

HABTARD, an incorporated city in McHenry County, 63 miles northwest of Chicago on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. It has eleotric light plant, artesian water system, hardware and bicycle factories, malt house, cold storage and packing plant, a flouring mill, a carriagewhedl factory and two weekly papers. The region is agricultural Population (1890), 1,967; (1900), 2,602; (1910), 3,008,

HASKELL; Harriet Newell, educator and third Principal of Montioello Female Seminary, was bom at Waldboro, Lincoln County, Maine. Jan. 14, 1835; educated at Castleton Seminary, Vt., and Mount Holyoke Seminary, Mass., graduating from the latter in 1855. Later, she served as Principal of high schools in Maine and Boston until 1862, when she was called to the principalship of CJastleton Seminary. She resigned thi» position in 1867 to assume a similar one at Monticello Female Seminary, at Gk>dfrey. 111., where she spent her last years. The main building of this mstitution having been burned m November, 1889, it was rebuilt on an enlarged and improved plan, largely through the earnest efforts of Miss Haskell. ^ (See MonticeUo Female Seminary.) Died May 6, 1907.

HATCH; Ozlas Mather, Secretary of the State of Illinois (1857-'65). was bom at Hillsborough Center, N. H., April 11, 1814, and removed to Griggsville. 111., in 1886. In 1829 he began life as a clerk for a wholesale and retail grocer in Boston. From 1886 to 1841 he was engaged in storekeeping at Griggsville. In the latter year he was appointed Circuit Court Clerk of Pike County, holding the office seven years. In 1858 he again embarked in business at Meredosia, 111. In 1850 he was elected to the Legislature, serving one term. An earnest anti -slavery man, he was, in 1856, nominated by the newly organized Republican party for Secretary of State and elected, being re-elected in 1860, on the same ticket with Mr. Lincoln, of whom he was a warm personal friend and admirer. During the war he gave a zealous and effective support to Grovemor Yates' administmtion. In 1864 he declined a renomination and retired from political life. He was an original and active member of the Lincoln Monument Association from its organization in 1865 to his death, and, in company with Qov. R. J. Oglesby, made a canvass of E^astern cities to collect funds for statuary to be placed on the monument. After retiring from office he was interested ko some extent in the banking business at Griggsville, and was influential in securing the construction of the branch of the Wabash Railway from Naples to Hannibal, Mo. He was. for over thirty-five years, a resident of Springfield, dying there, March 12, 1893.

HATFIELD, (Rev.) Robert Miller, clergyman, was bom at Mount Pleasant, Westchester County, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1819; in early life enjoyed only such educational advantages as could be obtained while living on a farm ; later, was em ployed as a clerk at White Plains and in New York City, but, in 1841, was admitted to the Providence Methodist Episcopal Conference, during the next eleven years supplying churches in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 1852 he went to Brooklyn and occupied pulpits in that vicinity until 1865, when he assumed the pastorship of the Wabash Avenue Metjiodist Episcopal Church in Chicago, two years later going to the Centenary Church in the same city. He subsequently hdd charge of churches in Cincinnati and Philadelphia, but, returning to Illinois in 1877. he occupied ' pulpits for the next nine years in Evanston and Chicago. In 1886 he went to Summerfield Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, which was his last regular charge, as, in 1889, he becam^ Financial Agent of the Northwestern University at Evanston, of which he had been a Trustee from 187a As a temporary supply for pulpits or as a speaker in popular assemblies, his services were in constant demand during this period. Dr. Hatfield served as a Delegate to the General Conferences of 1860, '64, '76, '80 and '84, and was a leader in some of the most important debates in those bodies. Died, at Evanston, March 31, 1891.

HATTON^ Franks journalist and Postmaster- General, was bom at Cambridge, Ohio, April 28, 1846; entered his father's newspaper office at Cadiz, as an apprentice, at 11 years of age, becoming foreman and local editor; in 1862, at t^e age of 16, he enlisted in the Ninety-eighth Ohio Infantry, but, in 1864, was transferred to the One Himdred and Eighty -fourth Ohio and commissioned Second Lieutenant - his service being chiefly in the Army of the Cumberland, but participating in Sherman's March to the S^sl After the war he went to Iowa, whither his father had preceded him, and where he edited **The Mount Pleasant Journal' ' (1869-74) ; then removed to Burlington, where he secured a controlling interest in **The Hawkey e," which he brought to a point of great prosperity; was Postmaster of that city under President Grant, and, in 1881, became First Assistant Postmaster-GtoneraL On the retirement of Postmaster-General GreSham in 1884, he was appointed successor to the latter, serving to the end of President Arthur's administration, being the youngest man who ever held a cabinet position, except Alexander Hamilton. From 1882 to 1884, Mr. Hatton managed "The National Republican" in Washington; in 1885 removed to Chicago, where he became one of the proprietors and editor-in-chief of **The Evening Mail" ; retired from the latter iif 1887, and, purchasing the plant of **The National Republican" in Washington, commenced the publication of 'The Washington Post," with which he was connected until his death, April 80, 1894.

HAYANA, the county -seat of Mason County, an incorporated city founded in 1827 on the Illinois River, opposite the mouth of Spoon River, and a point of junction for three railways. It is a shipping-point for corn and osage orange hedge plants. A number of manufactories are located

HAVEN, ErastQS Otis, Methodist Episcopal Bishop* was bom in Boston, Mass., Nov. 1, 1820; graduated at the Wesleyan University in 1842, and taught in various institutions in Massachusetts and New York, meanwhile studying theology. In 1848 he entered the Methodist ministry as a member of the New York Conference; five years later accepted a professorship in Michigan University, but resigned in 1856 to become editor of '*Zion*s Herald," Boston, for seven years - in that time serving two terms in the State Senate and a part of the time being an Overseer of Harvard University. In 1863 he accepted the Presidency of Northwestern University at Evanston, IlL ; in 1872 became Secretary of the Methodist Board of Education, but resigned in. 1874 to become CHiancellor of Sjrracuse University, N.Y. In 1880 he was elected a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Died, in Salem, Oregon, in August. 1881. Bishop Haven was a man of great versatility and power as an orator, wrote much for the periodical press and published several volumes on religious topics, bjBsides a treatise on rhetoric.

HATEN, Lnther^ educator, was bom near Framingham, Mass., August 6, 1806. With a meager country-school education, at the age of 17 he began teaching, continuing in this occupation six or seven years, after which he spent three years in a more liberal course of study in a private academy at Ellington, Conn. He was next employed at Leicester Academy, first as a teacher, and, for eleven years, as Principal. He then engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1849, when he removed to Chicago. After several years spent in manufacturing and real-estate business, in 1854 he became proprietor of "The Prairie Farmer," of which he remained in control until 1858. Mr. ELaven took an active interest in public affairs, and was an untiring worker for the promotion of popular education. For ten years following 1858, he was officially connected with the Chicago Board of Education, being for four years its President. The comptrollership of the city was offered him in 1860, but declined. During the war he was a zealous supporter of the Union cause. In October, 1861, he was appointed by President Lincoln Collector for the Port of Chicago, and Sub-Treasurer of the United States for the Department of the Northwest, serving in this capacity during a part of President Johnson's administration. In 1866 he was attacked with congestion of the lungs, dying on March 6, of that year.

HAWK^ Bobert M* A.^ Congressman, was bom in Hancock County, Ind., April 28, 1839; came to Carroll County, 111., in boyhood, where he attended the common sclifools and later graduated from Eureka College. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union army, was commissioned First Lieutenant, next promoted to a Captaincy and. finally, brevetted Major for soldierly conduct in the field. In 1865 he was elected County Clerk of Carroll County, and three times re-elected, serving from 1865 to 1879. The latter year he resigned, having been elected to Congress on the Republican ticket in 1878. In 1880 he was re-elected, but died before the expiration of his term, his successor being Robert R. Hitt, of Mount Morris, who was chosen at a special election to fill the vacancy.

HAWLET; John B.^ Congressman and First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, was bom in Fairfield County, Conn., Feb. 9, 1831; accompanied his parents to Illinois in childhood, residing in his early manhood at Carthage, Hancock Coimty. At the age of 23 (1854) he was admitted to the bar and began practice at Rock Island. From 1856 to 1860 he was State's Attomey of Rock Island County. In 1861 he entered the Union army as Captain, but was so severely wounded at Fort Donelson (1862) that he was obliged to quit the service. In 1865 President Lincoln appointed him Postmaster at Rock Island, but one year afterward he was removed by President Johnson. In 1868 he was elected to Congress as a Republican, being twice re-elected, and, in 1876, was Presidential Elector on the Hayes- Wheeler ticket. In the following year he was appointed by President Hayes First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, serving until 1880, when he resigned. During the last six years of his life he was Solicitor for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, with headq«arters at Omaha, Neb. Died, at Hot Springs, South Dakota, May 24, 1895.

HAT^ John^ author, diplomatist and Secretary of State, was bom in Salem, Ind., Oct. 8, 1838, of Scottish ancestry; graduated at Brown University. 1858, and studied law at Springfield, IlL, his father, in the meantime, having become a resident of Warsaw, III. ; was admitted to practice in 1861, but immediately went to Washington as assistant private secretary of President Lincoln, acting part of the time as the President's aid-decamp, also serving for some time imder Oeneral

Hunter and Gilmore, with the rank of Major and Adjutant-General. After President Lincoln^s assassination he served as Secretary of Legation at Paris and Madrid, and as Charge d*Affaires at Vienna; was also editor for a time of "The Illinois State Journal" at Springfield, and a leading editorial writer on "The New York Tribune." Colonel Hay's more important literary works include "Castilian Days," "Pike County Ballads." and the ten-volume "History of the Life and Times of Abraham Lincoln," written in collaboration with John G. Nicolay. In 1875 he settled at Cleveland, Ohio, but, after retiring from "The New York Tribune, " made Washington his home. In 1897 President McKinley appointed him Ambchssador to England, where, by his tact, good judgment and sound discretion manifested as a diplomatist and speaker on public occasions, he won a reputation as one of the most able and accomplished foreign representatives America has produced. His promotion to the position of Secretary of State on the retirement of Secretary William R. Day, at the close of the Spanish- American War, in September, 1898, followed naturally as a just tribute to the rank which he had won as a diplomatist, was reappointed by President Roosevelt and died in office July 1, 1905.

HAT^ John B*^ ez-Ck>ngressman, was born at Belleville, 111., Jan. 8, 1834; attended the common schools and worked on a farm until he was 16 years of age, when he learned the printer*s trade. Subsequently he studied law, and won considerable local prominence in his profession, being for eight years State's Attorney for the Twenty-fourth Judicial Circuit. He served in the Union army during the War of the Rebellion, and, in 1868, was elected a Representative in the Forty-first Congress, being re-elected in 1870.

HAT^ Milton^ lawyer and legislator, was bom in Fayette County, Ky., July 3, 1817; removed with his father's family to Springfield, 111., in 1832; in 1838 became a student in the law office of Stuart & Lin^ln; was admitted to the bar in 1840, and began practice at Pittsfield, Pike County. In 1858 he returned to Springfield and formed a partnership with Judge Stephen T. Logan (afterwards his father-in-law), which ended by the retirement of the latter from practice in 1861. Others who were associated with him as partners, at a later date, were Hon. Shelby M. Cullom, Gen. John M. Palmer, Henry S. Greene and D. T. Littler. In 1869 he was elected a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention and, as Chairman of the Committee on Revenue and member of the Judiciary Committee, was prominent in shaping the Constitution of 1870 Again, as a member of the lower branch of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly (1873-74), he assisted in revising and adapting the laws to the new order of things under the new ConstitutiozL The estimate in which he was held by his associates is shown in the fact that he was a member of the Joint Committee of five appointed by the Legislature to revise the revenue laws of the State, which was especially complimented for the manner in which it performed its work by concurrent resolution of the two -houses. A conservative Republican in politics, gentle and unobtrusive in manner, and of calm, dispassionate judgment and unimpeachable integrity, no man was more frequently consulted by State executives on questions of great delicacy and public importance, during the last thirty years of his life, than Mr. Hay. In 1881 he retired from the active prosecution of his profession, devoting his time to the care of a handsome estate. Died, Sept. 15, 1893.

HATES) Philip C.^ ex-Congressman, was bom at Granby, Conn., Feb. 8, 1833. Before he was a year old his parents removed to La Salle Coimty, 111., where the first twenty years of his life were spent upon a farm. In 1860 he graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, and, in April, 1861, enlisted in the Union army, being commissioned successively. Captain, Ldeutenant-Colonel and Colonel, and finally brevetted Brigadier-General. After the war he engaged in journalism, becoming the publisher and senior editor of ''The Morris Herald,'' a weekly periodical issued at Morris, Grundy County. In 1873 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia which renominated Grant, and represented hia district in Congress from 1877 to 18^1. Later he became editor and part proprietor of "The Republican" at Joliet, IlL, but retired some years since.

HAYESy Samnel Snowden^ lawyer and politician, was bom at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 25, 1820; settled at Shawneetown in 1838, and engaged in the drug business for two years; then began the study of law and .was admitted to practice in 1842, settling first at Moimt Vernon and later at Carmi. He early took an interest in politics, stumping the southern counties for the Democratic party in 1843 and *44 In 1845 he was a delegate to the Memphis Commercial Convention and, in 1846, was elected to the lower House of the State Legislature, being re-elected in '48. In 1847 he raised a company for service in the Mexican War, but, owing to its distance from the seat of government, its muster rolls were not received until the quota of the State had beea filled. The same year he was chosen a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention for White County, and, in 1848, was a Democratic Presidential Elector. About 1852 he removed to Chicago, where he was afterwards City Solicitor and (1862-65) City Comptroller. He was a delegate to the National Democratic Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore in 1860, and an earnest worker for Douglas in the campaign which followed. While in favor of the Union, he was strongly opposed to the policy of the administration, particularly in its attitude on the question of slavery. His last public service was as a Delegate from Cook County to the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70. His talents as an orator, displayed both at the bar and before popular, assemblies, were of a very high order.

HATMABKET RIOT^ THE, an anarchistic outbreak which occurred in Chicago on the evening of May 4, 1886. For several days prior, meetings of dissatisfied workingmen had been addressed by orators who sought to infiame the worst passions of their hearers. The excitement (previously more or less under restraint) culminated on the date mentioned. Haymarket Square, in Chicago, is a broad, open space formed by the widening of West Randolph Street for an open-air produce-market. An immense concourse assembled there on the evening named ; inflammatory speeches were made from a cart, which was used as a sort of improvised platform. Dur-' ing the earlier part of the meeting the Mayor (Carter H. ELarrison) was present, but upon his withdrawal, the oratory became more impassioned and incendiary. Towards midnight, some one whose identity has never been thoroughly proved, threw a dynamite bomb into the ranks of the police, who, under command of Inspector John Bonfield, had ordered the dispersal of the crowd and were endeavoring to enforce the command. Simultaneously a score of men lay dead or bleeding in the street. The majority of the crowd fled, pursued by the officers. Numerous arrests followed during the night and the succeeding morning, and search was made in the office of the principal Anarchistic organ, which resulted in the discovery of considerable evidence of an incriminating character. A Grand Jury of Cook County found indictments for murder against eight of the suspected leaders, all of whom were conTicted after a trial extending over several months, both the State and the defense being represented by some of the ablest coimsel at the Chicago bar. Seven of the accused were condemned to death, and one (Oscar Neebe) was given twenty years' imprisonment , The death sentence of two - Samuel Fielden and Justus Schwab - was subsequently commuted by Governor Oglesby to life-imprisonment, but executive clemency was extended in 1898 by Governor Altgeld to all three of those serving terms in the penitentiary. Of those condemned to execution, one (Louis Linng) committed suicide in the county- jail by exploding, between his teeth, a small dynamite bomb which he had surreptitiously obtained; the remaining four (August Spies, Albert D. Parsons, Louis Engel and Adolph Fischer) were hanged in the county-jail at Chicago, on November 14, 1887. The affair attracted wide attention, not only throughout the United States but in other countries also.

HATNIE, Isham Ifieolas, soldier and Adjutant-General, was bom at Dover, Tenn., Nov. 18, 1824; came to niinois in boyhood and received but little education at school, but worked on a farm to obtain means to study law, and was licensed to practice in 1846. Throughout the Mexictm War he served as a Lieutenant in the Sixth Illinois Volunteers, but, on his return, resumed practice in 1849, and, in 1850, was elected to the Legislature from Marion Coimty. He graduated from the Kentucky Law School in 1852 and, in 1856, was appointed Judge of the Court of Common Pleas at Cairo. In 1860 he was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the Douglas ticket. In 1861 he entered the army as Colonel of the Forty-eighth Illinois Infantry, which he had assisted in organizing. He participated in the battles of Fort Donelson and Shiloh. and was severely wounded at the latter. In 1862 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Coligress as a War Democrat, being defeated by W. J. Allen, and the same year was commissioned Brigadier- General of Volunteers. He resiuned practice at Cairo in 1864, and, in 1865, was appointed by Governor Oglesby Adjutant-General as successor to Adjutant-General Fuller, but died in office, at Springfield, November, 1868.

HATWARD COLLEGE AND COMMERCLiL SCHOOL^at Fairfield, W^yne County; incorpo. rated in 1886 ; is co-educational ; had 160 pupils in 1898, with a faculty of nine instructors.

HEACOOK^ Russell E., pioneer lawyer, was bom in Litchfield, Conn., in 1770; having lost his father at 7 years of age, learned the carpenter's trade and came west early in life ; in 1806 was studying law in Missouri, and, two years later, was licensed to practice in Indiana Territory, of which Illinois then formed a part, locating first at Kaskaskia and afterwards at Jonesboro, in Union County; in 1828 went to Buffalo, N. Y., but returned west in 1827, arriving where Chicago now stands on July 4 ; in 1828 was living inside Fort Dearborn, but subsequently located several miles up the South Branch of the Chicago River, where he opened a small farm at a place which went by the name of "Heacock's Point." In 1831 he obtained a license to keep a tavern, in 1838 became a Justice of the Peace, and, in 1885, had a law office in the village of Chicago. He took a prominent part in the organization of Cook County, invested liberally in real estate, but lost it in the crash of 1887. He was disabled by paralysis in 1843 and died of cholera, June 28, 1849. - Reuben E. (Heacock), a son of Mr. Heacock, was member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1847, from Cook County.

HEALTH, BOARD OF, a bureau of the State Government, created by act of May 25, 1877. It consists of seven members, named by the Governor, who hold office for seven years. It is charged with "general supervision of the interests connected with the health and life of the citizens of the State. '* All matters pertaining to quarantine fall within its purview, and in this respect it is invested with a power which, while discretionary, is well-nigh autocratic. The same standard holds good, although to a far less extent, as to its supervisory power over contagious diseases, of man or beast. The Board also has a modified control over medical practitioners, imder the terms of the statute popularly known as the "Medical Practice Act.'* Through its powers thereunder, it has kept out or expelled from the State an army of irregular practitioners, and has done much toward raising the standard of professional qualification.

HEALT, George P. A., artist, was bom in Boston, July 15, 1808, and early manifested a predilection for art, in which he was encouraged by the painter Scully. He struggled in the face of difficulties imtil 1836, when, having earned some money by his art, he went to Eurgpe to study, spending two years in Paris and a like period in London. In 1855 he came to Chicago, contemplating a stay of three weeks, but remained until 1867. During this time he is said to have painted 575 portraits, many of them being likenesses of prominent citizens of Chicago and of the State. Many of his pictures, deposited in the rooms of the Chicago Historical Society for safe-keeping, were destroyed by the fire of 1871. From 1869 to *91 his time was spent chiefly in Rome. During his several visits to Europe he painted the portraits of a large number of royal personages, including Louis Phillippe of France, as also, in this country, the portraits of Presidents and other distinguished persons. One of his historical pictures was "Webster Replying to Hayne," in which 150 figures are introduced. A few years before his death, Mr. Healy donated a large number of his pictures to the Newberry Library of Chicago. He died in Chicago, June 24, 1894.

HEATOIf, William Weed, lawyer and jurist, was bom at Western, Oneida County, N. Y., April 18, 1814. After completing his academio studies he engaged, for a short time, in teaching, but soon began the study of law, and, in 1838, was admitted to the bar at Terre Haute, Ind. In 1840 he removed to Dixon, 111., where he resided until his death. In 1861 he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court for the Twenty-second Circuit, and occupied a seat upon the bench, through repeated re-elections, until his death, which occurred Dec. 26, 1877, while serving as a member of the Appellate Court for the First District.

HECKER, Friedrleh Karl Fi^nz, German patriot and soldier, was bom at Baden, Germany, Sept. 28, 1811. He attained eminence in his native country as a lawyer and politician; was a member of the Baden Assembly of 1842 and a leader in the Diet of 1846-47, but, in 1848, was forced, with many of his compatriots, to find a refuge in the United States. In 1849 he settled ' as a farmer at Summerfield, in St. Clair County, UL He took a deep interest in politics and, being earnestly opposed to slavery, ultimately joined the Republican party, and took an active part in the campaigns of 1856 and '60. In 1861 he was commissioned Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Illinois Volunteers, and was later transferred to the command of the Eighty -second. He was a brave soldier, and actively participated in the battles of Missionary Ridge and Chancellorsville. In 1864 he resigned his commission and returned to his farm in St. Clair County. Died, at St. Louis, Mo., March 24, 1881.

BEDDING COLLEGE^ an institution incorporated in 1875 and conducted under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Abingdon, Knox Coimty, III. ; has a faculty of seventeen instructors, and reports (1895-96), 403 students, of whom 212 were male and 181 female. The branches taught include the sciences, the classics, music, fine arts, oratory and preparatory courses. The institution has funds and endowment amounting to $55,000, and property valued jit $158,000.

HEMPSTEADy Charles S.^ pioneer lawyer and first Mayor of Galena, was bom at Hebron, Tolland County, Conn., Sept. 10, 1794 - the son of Stephen Hempstead, a patriot of the Revolution. In 1809 he came west in company with a brother, descending the Ohio River in a canoe from Marietta to Shawneetown, and making his way across the * 'Illinois Country" on foot to Kaskaskia and finally to St Louis, where he joined another brother (Edward), with wbom he soon began the study of law. Having been admitted to the bar in both Missouri Territory and Illinois, he removed to St. Genevieve, where he held the office of Proeeouting Attorney by appointment of the Governor, but returned to St. Louis in 181849 and later became a member of the Missouri Legislature. In 1829 Mr. Hempstead located at Galena, IlL, which continued to be his home for the remainder of his life, and where he was one of the earliest and best known lawyers. The late Minister K B. Washbume became a clerk in Mr. Hempstead's law office in 1840, and, in 1845, a partner. Mr. Hempstead was one of the promoters of the old Chicago & Galena Union Railroad (now a part of the Chicago & Northwestern), serving upon the first Board of Diriectors; was elected the first Mayor of Galena in 1841, and, in the early days of the Civil War, was appointed by President Lincoln a Paymaster in the Army. Died, in Galena, Dec. 10, 1874. ~Ed ward (Hempstead), an older brother of the preceding, already mentioned, came west in 1804, and, after holding various positions at Vinoennes, Indiana Territory, under Gov. William Henry Harrison, located at St Louis and became the first Territorial ' Delegate in Ck>ngre8s from Missouri Territory (1811-14). His death occurred as the result of an accident, August 10, 1817.--^tephen (Hempstead), another member of this historic family, was GJovemor of Iowa from 1850 to '54. Died, Feb. 16, 1883.

HEXDEBSOX, Thomas J., Princeton, III., was bom at Brownsville, Tenn., Nov. 19, 1824; came to Illinois in 1887, and was reared upon a farm, but received an academic education. In 1847 he was elected Clerk of the County Commissioners' Court of Stark County, and, in 1849, Clerk of the County Court of the same county, serving in that capacity for four years. Meanwhile he had studied law and had been admitted to the bar in 1852. In 1855 and '56 he was a member of the lower house of the Legislature, and State Senator from 1857 to '60. He entered the Union army, in 1862, as Colonel of the One Hundred and Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, and served until the close of the war, being brevetted Brigadier-General in January, 1865; served as Presidential Elector for the State-atjlarge, 1868, and as Congressman, 1875-95; later, as First Vice- President of National Board of Managers of Soldiers' Homes and had supervision of the Home at Danville, 111. Died Feb. 5, 1911.

HENDERSON; William H., poUtician and legislator, was bom in Garrard County, Ky., Nov. 16, 1798. After serving in the War of 1812. he settled in Tennessee, where he held many positions of public trust, including that of State Senator. In 1886 he removed to Illinois, and, two years later, was elected to the Qeneral Assembly as Representative from Bureau and Putnam Counties, being re-elected in 1840. In 1842 he was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for Lieutenant- Oovemor, being defeated by John Moore. In 1845 he migrated to Iowa, where he died in 1864.

HENDEBSON COUNTY^ a county comprising 880 square miles of territory, located in the westem section of the State and bordering on the Mississippi River. The first settlements were made about 1827-28 at Yellow Banks, now Oquawka. Immig^tion was checked by the Black Hawk War, but revived after the removal of the Indians across the Mississippi. The county was set off from Warren in 1841, with Oquawka as the county-seat. Population (1880), 10,722; (1890), 9,876. The soil is fertile, and underlaid by limestone. The surface is imdulating, and well timbered. Pop. (1900), 10,836; (1910), 9,734.

HENNEPIN^ the county-seat of Putnam County, situated on the left bank of the Illinois River, about 28 miles below Ottawa, 100 miles southwest of Chicago, and 8 miles southeast of Bureau Junction. It has a courthouse, a bank, two grain elevators, three churches, a graded school, a newspaper. It is a prominent shipping I>oint for produce by the river. The Hennepin Canal, in process of construction (1902-07) from Illinois River to the Mississippi at the mouth of Rock River, leaves the Illinois about two miles above Hennepin. Population (1880), 623; (1890), 674; (1900). 523; (1910), 451.

HENNEPIN, LoniSy a Franciscan (Recollect) friar and explorer, born at Ath, Belgium, about 1640. After several years of clerical service in Belgiimi and Holland, he was ordered (1675) by his ecclesiastical superiors to proceed to Canada. In 1679 he accompanied La Salle on his explorations of the great lakes and the upper Mississippi. Having reached the Illinois by way of Lake Michigan, early in the following year (1680> , La Salle proceeded to construct a fort on the east side of the Illinois River, a little below the present site of Peoria, which afterwards received the name of Fort Creve-Coeur. In February, 1680, Father Hennepin was dispatched by La Salle, with two companions, by way of the mouth of the Illinois, to explore the upper Mississippi. Ascending the latter stream, his party was captured by the Sioux and carried to the villages of that tribe among the Minnesota lakes, but finally rescued. During his captivity he discovered the Falls of St. Anthony, which he named. After his rescue Hennepin returned to Quebec, and thence sailed to France. There he published a work describing La Sailers first expedition and his own explorations. Although egotistical and necessarily incorrect, this work was a valuable contribution to history. Because of ecclesiastical insubordination he left France for Holland. In 1697 he published an extraordinary volume, in which he set forth claims as a discoverer which have been wholly discredited. His third and last work, published at Utrecht, in 1698, was entitled a "New Voyage in a Country Larger than Europe." It was a compilation describing La Salle's voyage to the mouth of the Mississippi. His three works have been translated into twenty-four different languages. He died, at Utrecht, between 1702 and 1705.

HENRT^ a city in Marshall County, on the Illinois River and the Peoria branch of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 33 miles northnortheast of Peoria; is a thriving commercial center; has grain elevators, flour mills, a creamery, banks and two newspapers. Pop. (1900), 1,637; (1910), 1,687.

HENBTy James D., pioneer and soldier, was bom in Pennsylvania, came to Illinois in 1822, locating at EdwardsviUe, where, being of limited education, he labored as a mechanic during the day and attended school at night; engaged in merchandising, removed to Springfield in 1826, and was soon after elected Sheriff ; served in the Winnebago War (1827) as Adjutant, and, in the Black Hawk War (1881-32) as Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, finally being placed in conmiand of a brigade at the battle of Wisconsin and the Bad Axe, his success in both winning for him great popularity. His exposures brought on disease of the lungs, and, going South, he died at New Orleans, March 4, 1834.

miles, - named for Patrick Henry. The American pioneer of the region was Dr. Baker, who located in 1835 on what afterwards became the town of Colona. During the two years following several colonies from the eastern States settled at different points (Geneseo, Wethersfield, etc.;. The act creating it was passed in 1825, though organization was not completed until 1887. The first county court was held at Dayton. Subsequent county-seats have been Riclmiond (1837) ; Geneseo (1840); Morristown (1842); and Cambridge (1843). Population (1870), 36,597; (1890), 83,338; (1900), 40.049; (1910), 41,736.

HERNDON, Areher G^ one of the celebrated *'Long Nine*' members of the General Assembly of 1836-37, was bom in Culpepper County, Va., Feb. 13,. 1796; spent his youth in Green Ojimty, Ky., came to Madison County, IlL, 1820, and to Sangamon in 1821, becoming a citizen of Springfield in 1825, where he engaged in mercantile business; served eight years in the State Senate (1834-42), and as Receiver of the Land Office 1842-49. Died, Jan. 3, 1867. Mr. Hemdon was the father of William H. Hemdon, the law partner of Abraham Lincoln.

HERNDO.N, William H., lawyer, was bom at Greensburg, Ky., Dec. 25, 1818; brought to Illinois by his father. Archer G. Hemdon, in 1820, and to Sangamon County in 1821 ; entered Illinois College in 1836, but remained only one year on account of his father's hostility to the supposed abolition infiuences prevailing at that institution ; spent several years as clerk in a store at Springs field, studied law two years with the firm of Lincoln & Logan (1842-44), was admitted to the bar and became the partner of Mr. Lincoln, so continuing until the election of the latter to the Presidency. Mr. Hemdon was a radical opponent of slavery and labored zealously to promote the advancement of' his distinguished partner. The offices he held were those of City Attorney, Mayor and Bank Commissioner imder three Governors. Some years before his death he wrote, and, in conjunction with Jesse W. Weik, published a Life of Abraham Lincoln in three volumes - afterwards revised and issued in a two-volume edition by the Messrs. Appleton, New York. Died, near Springfield, March 18. 1891.

HEBRIN^ a city of Williamson County, 10 miles northwest of Marion; junction of three lines of railroad and center of coal-mining district; has banks, powder plant, machine shops and foundry; two weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910), 6,861.

when ten years of age was brought by his father to Chicago, the family removing two years later (1835) to Geneva, Kane County, where the elder Herrington opened the first store. Augustus was admitted to the bar in 1844 ; obtained great prominence as a Democratic politician, serving as Presidential Elector for the State-at-large in 1856, and as a delegate to Democratic National Conventions in 1860, '64, *68, '76 and '80, and was almost invariably a member of the State Conventions of his party during the same period. He also served for many years as Solicitor of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Died, at (Geneva, Kane County, August 14, 1888. - James (Herrington), brother of the preceding, was bom in Mercer County, Pa., June 6, 1824; came to Chicago in 1838, but, two years later, was taken by his parents to Geneva, Kane County. In 1843 he was apprenticed to the printing business on the old "Chicago Democrat" (John Went worth, publisher), remaining until 1848, when he returned to X^eneva, where he engaged in farming, being also connected for a year or two with a local paper. In 1849 he was elected County Clerk, remaining in office eight years; also served three terms on the Board of Supervisors, later serving continuou8ly>in the lower branch of the General Assembly from 1872 to 1886. He was also a member of the State Board of Agriculture and a frequent delegate to Democratic State Conventions. Died, July 7, 1890. - James Herrington^ Sr«^ fother of the two preceding, was a Representative in the Fifteenth General Assembly (1846-48) for the District embracing the counties of E^ane, McHenry, Boone and De Kalb.

HEBTZy Henry L., ex-State Treasurer, was bom at Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1847; graduated from the University of Copenhagen in 1866, and after pursuing the study of medicine for two years, emigrated to this country in 1869. After various experiences in selling sewing-machines, as bank-clerk, and as a farm-hand, in 1876 Mr. Hertz was employed in the Recorder's office of Cook County; in 1878 was record- writer in the Criminal Court Clerk's office; in 1884 was elected Coroner of Cook County, and re-elected in 1888. In 1892, as Republican candidate for State Treasurer, he was defeated, but, in 1896, again a candidate for the same office, was elected by a majority of 115,000, serving until 1899. He is now a resident of Chicago.

HESIN69 Antone Caspar^ journalist and politician, was bom in Prussia in 1823 ; left an orphan at the age of 15, he soon after emigrated to America, landing at Baltimore and going thence to Cincinnati. From 1840 to 1842 he worked in a grocery store in Cincinnati, and later opened a small hotel. In 1854 he removed to Chicago, where he was for a time engaged in the manufacture of brick. In 1860 he was elected Sheriff of Cook County, as a Republican. In 1862 he purchased ' an interest in **The Chicago Staats Zeitung," and in 1867 became sole proprietor. In 1871 he admitted his son, Washington Hesing, to a partnership, installing him as general manager. Died, in Chicago, March 31, 1895. - Washington (Hesing), son of the preceding, was bom in Cincinnati, Ohio, May 14, 1849, educated at Chicago and Tale College, graduating from the latter in 1870. After a year spent in study abroad, he returned to Chicago and began work upon *The Staats Zeitung, " later becoming managing editor, and finally editor-in-chief. While yet a young man he was made a member of the Chicago Board of Education, but declined to serve a second term. In 1872 he entered actively into politics, making speeches in both English and (German in support of General Grant's Presidential candidacy. Later ho affiliated with the Democratic party, as did his father, and, in 1893, was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for the Chicago mayoralty, being defeated by Carter H. Harrison. In December, 1893, he was appointed by President Cleveland Postmaster of the city of Chicago, serving four years. His administration was characterized by a high degree of efficiency and many improvements in the service were adopted, one of the most important being the introduction of postal cars on the street-railroads for the collection of mail matter. In April, 1897, he became an Independent candidate for Mayor, but was defeated by Carter H. Harrison, the regular Democratic nominee. Died, Dec. 18, 1897.

HETWOBTHy a village of McLean County, on the Illinois Central Railway, 10 miles south of Bloomington; has a bank, churches, gas wells, and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 683; (1910), 681.

HIBBABD, Homer Nash^ lawyer, was bom at Bethel, Windsor County, Vt., Nov. 7, 1824, his early life being spent upon a farm and in attendance upon the common schools. After a short term in an academy at Randolph, Yt., at the age of 18 he began the study of law at Rutland - also fitting himself for college with a private tutor. Later, having obtained means by teaching, he took a course in Castleton Academy and Vermont University, graduating from the latter in 1850. Then, having spent some years in teaching, he entered the Dane Law School at Harvard, later oontinuing his studies at Burlington and finally, in the fall of 1853, removing to Chicago. Here he opened a law office in connection with his old classmate, the late Judge John A. Jameson, but early in the following year removed to Freeport, where he subsequently served as City Attorney, Master in Chancery and President of the City School Board. Returning to Chicago in 1860, he became a member of the law firm of Cornell, Jameson & Hibbard, and still later the head of the firm of Hibbard, Rich & Noble. In 1870 he was appointed by Judge Dnunmond Register in Bankruptcy for the Chicago District, serving during the life of the law. He was also, for some time, a Director of the National Bank of Illinois, and Vice-President of the American Insurance Company. Died, Nov. 14, 1897.

HICKSy Stephen G^ lawyer and soldier of three wars, was bom in Jackson County, Ga., Feb. 22, 1807 - the son of John Hicks, one of the seven soldiers killed at the battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8, 1815. Leaving the roof of a step-father at an early age, he found his way to Illinois, working for a time in the lead mines near Oalena, and later at the carpenter's trade with an uncle; served as a Sergeant in the Black Hawk War, finally locating in Jefferson County, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. Here he was elected to the lower branch of the Twelfth General Assembly (1840) and re-elected successively to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth. Ekirly in the Mexican War (1846) he recruited a company for the Third Regiment, of which he was chosen Captain, a year later becoming Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixth. At the beginning of the Civil War Colonel Hicks was practicing his profession at Salem, Marion County. He promptly raised a company which became a part of the Fortieth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, of which he was commissioned ColoneL The regiment saw active service in the campaign in Westem Tennessee, including the battle of Shiloh, where Colonel Hicks was dangerously wounded through the lungs, only recovering after some months in hospital and at his home. He rejoined his regiment in July following, but found himself compelled to accept an honorable discharge, a few months later, on account of disability. Having finally recovered, he was restored to his old command, and served to the close of the war. In October, 1863, he was placed in command at Paducah, Ky., where he remained eighteen months, after which he was transferred to Columbus, Ky. While in command at Paducah, the place was desperately assaulted by the rebel

Colonel Forrest, but successfully defended, the rebel assailants sustaining a loss of some 1,200 killed and wounded. After the war Colonel Hicks returned to Salf m, where he died, Dec. 14, 1869, and was buried, in accordance with his request, in the folds of the American flag. Bom on Washington's birthday, it is a somewhat curious coincidence that the death of this brave soldier should have occurred on the anniversary of that of the "Father of His Country."

HIGBEE, Chauncej L«^ lawyer and Judge, was . born in Clermont County, Ohio, Sept. 7, 1821, and settled in Pike County. HI., in 1844. He early took an interest in politics, being elected to the lower house of the Legislature in 1854, and two years later to the State Senate. In 1861 he was elected Judge of the Fifth Circuit Court, and was re-elected in 1867, '78, and *79. In 1877, and again in '79, he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate Court. Died, at Pittsfield. Dec. 7, 1884.

HIGGINSy Tan Hollls^ lawyer, was bom in Genessee County, N. Y., and received his early education at Auburn and Seneca Falls; came to Chicago in 1837 and, after spending some time as clerk in his brother's store, taught some months in Vermilion County; then went to St. Louis, where he spent a year or two as reporter on "The Missouri Argus," later engaging in commercial pursuits; in 1842 removed to Iroquois County, 111., where he read law and was admitted to the bar; in 1845, established himself in practice in Galena, served two years aa City Attorney there, but returned to Chicago in 1852, where he continued to reside for the remainder of his life. In 1858 he was elected as a Republican Representative in the Twenty-first General Assembly ; served several years as Judge of the Chicago City Court, and was a zealous supporter of the Government during the War of the Rebellion. Judge Higgins was successful as a lawyer and business man, and was connected with a number of important business enterprises, especially in connection with real-estate operations; was also a member of several local societies of a professional, social and patriotic character. Died, at Darien, Wis., April 17, 1893.

HI66INS0N, Charles M., civil engineer and Assistant Railway President, was bom in Chicago, July 11, 1846 - the son of George M.Higginson, who located in Chicago about 1843 and engaged in the real-estate biisiness; was educated at the Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge, Mass., and entered the engineering department of the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad in 1867, remaining until 1875. He then became the pur- chasing agent of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railroad, but, a year later, returned to Chicago, and soon after assumed the same position in connection with the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, being transferred to the Auditorship of the latter road in 1879. Later, he became assistant to President Ripley of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Line, where he remained until his death, which occurred at Riverside, 111., May 6, 1899. Mr. Higginson was, for several years, President of .the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and a member of the Board of Managers of the Young Men*s Christian Association of Chicago.

HIGH, James L., lawyer and author, was bom at Belleville, Ohio, Oct. 6, 1844; in boyhood came to Wisconsin, and graduated at Wisconsin State University, at Madison, in 18G4, also serving for a time as Adjutant of the Forty-ninth Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers; studied law at the Michigan University Law School and, in 1867, came to Chicago, where he began practice. He spent the winter of 1871-72 in Salt Lake City and, in the absence of the United States District Attorney, conducted the trial of certain Mormon leaders for connection with the celebrated Mountain Meadow Massacre, also acting as correspondent of 'The New York Times,'* his letters being widely copied. Returning to Chicago he took a high rank in his profession. He was the author of several volumes, including treatises on **The Law of Injunctions as administered in the Courts of Englandand America, '' and "Extraordinary Legal Remedies, Mandamus, Quo Warranto and Prohibitions, *' which are accepted as high authority with the profession. In 1870 he published a revised edition of Lord Erskine's Works, including all his legal arguments, together with a memoir of his Ufe. Died, Oct. 8, 1898.

HIGHLAND, a city in the southeastern part of Bfadison County, founded in 1836 and located on the Vandalia line, 82 miles east of St. Louis. Its manufacturing industries include a milk-con* densiog plant, creamery, flour and planing mills, breweries, embroidery works, etc. It contains several churches and schools, a Roman Catholic Seminary, a hospital, and has three newspapers - one German. Pop. (1900), 1,970; (1910), 2,675.

HI6HW00D, a \'illage of Lake County, on the Chicago & North Western Railroad, 24} miles north of Chicago; is adjacent to Fort Sheridan. Pop. (1910), 1,227.

HIGHLAND PABK^ an incorporated city of Lake County, on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 23 miles north-northwest of Chicago. It has a salubrious site on a bluff 100 feet above

Lake Micliigan. and is a favorite residence and health resort. It has a large hotel, seveml churches, a military academy, and u weekly paper. Two Waukegan papers issue editions here. Pop. (1800), 2,103; (1900),2,806; (1910),4,209.

HILDBUPy Jesse S., lawyer and legislator, was bom in Middletown, Conn., March 14, 1833 , at 15 removed to the State of New York and afterwards to Harrisburg, Pa. ; in 1860 came to Belvidere. 111., where he began the practice of law, also serving as Corporation Trustee and Township Supervisor, and, during the latter years of the war, as Deputy Provost Marshal. His first important elective office was that of Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1870. but he was elected Representative in the Ceneral Assembly the same year, and again in 1872. While in the House he took a prominent part in the legislation which resulted in the organization of the Railroad and Warehouse Board. Mr. Hildrup was also a Republican Pi^dential Elector in 1868, and United States Marshal for the Northern District of Illinois from 1877 to 1881. During the last few years much of his timei has been spent in California for the benefit of the health of some members of his family.

HILL, Charles Augustas, ex-Congressman, was bom at Truxton, Cortland County, N. Y., August 23, 1883. He acquired his early education by dint of hard labor, and much privation. In 1854 he removed to Illinois, settling in Will County, where, for several years, he taught school, as he had done while in New York. Meanwhile he read law, his last instructor being Hon. H. C. Newcomb, of Indianapolis, where he was admitted to the bar. He returned to Will County in. 1860, and, in 1862, enlisted in the Eignth Illinois Cavalry, participating in the battle of Antietam. Later he was commissioned First Lieutenant in the First United States Regiment of Colored Troops, with which he remained imtil the close of the war, rising to the rank of Captain. In 1865 he returned to Joliet and to the practice of his profession. In 1868 he was elected State's Attorney for the district comprising Will and Gnmdy Counties, but declined a renomination. In 1888 he was the successful Republican candidate for Congress from the Eighth Illinois District, but was defeated for re-election in 1890 by Lewis Steward, Democrat.

HILLSBOBO, an incorporated city, the county-seat of Montgomery County, on the C. C. C. & St. L. and the C. & E. I. Railways, 67 miles northeast of St. Louis. Its manufactures are brick and tile, and furniture; there are three coal shafts and two large smelters. It has three public schools and a high school, three banks and two semi-weekly newspapers. The surrounding region is agricultural and dairying is also carried on. Pop. (1900), 1,937; (1910), 3,424.

HIKCSLET, a village of De Kalb County, on the Bochelle Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 18 miles west of Aurora; in rich agricultural and dairying region ; has grain elevators, brick and tile works, creamery, water and electric light plants. Pop. (1900), 587; (1910), 661.

HI^BICHSENy WilUam H., ez-Secretary of State and ex-Congressman, was bom at Franklin, Morgan County, 111., l^iay 27, 1850; educated at the University of Illinois, spent four years in the office of his father, who was stock-agent of the Wabash Railroad, and six years (1874-80) aa Deputy Sheriff of Morgan County; then went into the newspaper business, editing the Jacksonville "Evening Courier," until 1886, after which he was connected with **The Quincy Herald," to 1890, when he returned to Jacksonville and resumed his place on * The Courier. * ' He was Clerk of the House of Representatives in 1891, and elected Secretary of State in 1892. serving until Januaxy, 1897. Mr. Hinrichsen was also a member of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1890, and was CBairman of that body during 1894-96. In 1896 Mr. Hinrichsen was the nominee of his party for Congress in the Sixteenth District and was elected by over 6,000 majority, but failed . to secure a renomination in 1898. Died Dec*^18, 1907.

HINSDALE, a village in Du Page County and popular residence suburb, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 17 miles west-southwest of Chicago. It has four churches, a graded school, an academy, electric light plant, waterworks, sewerage system, and one weekly newspaper. Pop. (1900), 2,578; (1910>, 2,451.

HITCHCOCK^ Charles, lawyer, was born at Hanson, Plymouth Coimty, Mass., April 4, 1827; studied at Dartmouth College and at Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1854, soon afterward establishing himself for the practice of his profession in Chicago. In 1869 Mr. Hitchcock was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, which was the only important public office that he held, though his capacity was recognized by his election to the Presidency of that body. Died, May 6, 1881.

HITCHCOCK, Luke, clergyman, was bom April 18, 1813, at Lebanon, N. Y., entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1884 and, after supplying various charges in that State during the next five years, in 1889 came to Chicago, becoming one of the. most influential factors in the Methodist denomination in Northern Illinois. Between that date and 1860 he was identified, as regular pastor or Presiding Elder, with churches at Dixon, Ottawa, Belvidere, Bockford, Mount Morris, St. Charles and Chicago (the old Clark Street church), with two years' service (1841-48) as agent of Bock River Seminary at Mount Morris - ^his itinerant labors being interrupted at two or three periods by ill-health, compelling him to assume a superannuated relation. From 1852 to '80, inclusive, he was a delegate every four years to the General Conference. In 1860 he was appointed Agent of the Western Book Concern, and, as the junior representative, was placed in charge of the depository at Chicago - in 1868 becoming the Senior Agent, and so remaining until 1880. His subsequent service included two terms as Presiding Elder for the Dixon and Chicago Districts; the position of Superintendent of the Chicago Home Missionary and Church Extension Society; Superintendent of the Wesley Hospital (which he assisted to organize), his last position being that of Corresponding Secretary of the Superannuates' Relief Association. He was also influential in securing the establishment of a church paper in Chicago and the founding of the Northwestern University and Grarrett Biblical Institute. Died, while on a visit to a daughter at East Orange, N. J., Nov. 12, 1898.

HITT, Daniel F.^ civil engineer and soldier, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., June 13, 1810 - the son of a Methodist preacher who freed his slaves and removed to Urbana, Ohio, in 1814. In 1829 the son began the study of engineering and, removing to Illinois the following year, was appointed Assistant Engineer on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, later being employed in surveying some sixteen years. Being stationed at Prairie du Chien at the time of the Black Hawk War (1832), he was attached to the Stephenson Bangers for a year, but at the end of that period resimied surveying and, having settled in La Salle County, became the flrst Surveyor of that county. In 1861 he joined Colonel Cushman, of Ottawa, in the organization of the Fifty-third Illinois Volunteers, was mustered into the service in March, 1862, and conmiissioned its Lieutenant- ColoneL The regiment took part in various battles, including those of Shiloh, Corinth and La Grange, Tenn. In the latter Colonel Hitt received an injury by being thrown from his horse which compelled his resignation and from which he never fully recovered. Returning to Ottawa, he continued to reside there until his death. May 11, 1899. Colonel Hitt was father of Andrew J. Hitt, General Superintendent of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and uncle of Congressman Robert R Hitt of Mount Morris. Originally a Democrat, he allied himself with the Republican party on the breaking out of the Civil War. He was a thirty -second degree Mason and prominent in Grand Army circles.

HITT^ Isaac B., real-estate operator, was bom at Boonsboro, Md., June 2, 1828; in 1845 entered the freshman class at Asbury University, Ind., graduating in 1849. Then, removing to Ottawa, nL, he was engaged for a time in farming, but, in 1852, entered into the forwarding and commission business at La Salle. Having meanwhile devoted some attention to real-estate law, in 1858 he began buying and selling real estate while continuing his farming operations, adding thereto ooal-mining. In May, 1856, he was a delegate from La Salle County to the State Convention at Bloomington which resulted in the organization of the Republican yartj in Illinois. Removing to Chicago in 1860, he engaged in the real-estate business there; in 1862 was appointed on a committee of citizens to look after the interests of woiinded Illinois soldiers after the battle of Fort Donelson, in that capacity visiting hospitals at Cairo, Evansville, Paducah and Nashville. During the war he engaged to some extent in the business of prosecuting soldiers' claims. Mr. Hitt has been a member of both the Chicago and the National Academy of Sciences, and, in 1869, was appointed by Governor Palmer on the Commission to lay out the park system of Chicago. Since 1871 he has resided at Evanston, where he aided in the erection of the Woman's College in connection with the Northwestern University. In 1876 he was appointed by the Governor agent to prosecute the claims of the State for swamp lands within its limits, and gave much of his attention to that business. Died June 13, 1909.

HITT| Bobert Roberts^ Congressman, was bom at Urbfliia, Ohio, Jan. 16. 1834 When he was three years old his parents removed to Illinois, settling in Ogle County. His education was acquired at Rock River Seminary (now Mount Morris College), and at De Pauw University, Ind. In 1858 Mr. Hitt was one of the reporters who reported the celebrated debate of that year between Lincoln and Douglas. From December, 1874, until March, '81, he was connected with the United States embassy at Paris, serving as First Secretary of Legation and Charge d' Affaires ad interim. He was Assistant Secretary of State in 1881, but resigned the post in 1882, having been elected to Congress from the Sixth Illinois District to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of R. M. A. Hawk. By eight successive re-elections he represented the District continuously since, his career being conspicuous for long service In that time he had takeh an important part in the deliberations of the House, serving as Chairman of many important committees, notably that on Foreign Affairs, of which he had been Chairman for several terms, and for which his diplomatic experience well qualified him. In 1898 he was appointed by President McKinley a member of the Committee to visit Hawaii and report upon a form of government for that portion of the newly acquired national domain. Mr. Hitt was strongly supported as a candidate for the United States Senate in 1895, and favorably considered for the position of Minister to England after the retirement of Secretary Day in 1898. Died Sept. 20, 1906.

HOBART^ Horace B.^ was bom in Wisconsin in 1839; graduated at Beloit College and, after a brief experience in newspaper work, enlisted, in 1861, in the First Wisconsin Cavalry and was assigned to duty as Battalion Quartermaster. Being wounded at Helena, Ark., he was compelled to resign, but afterwards served as Deputy Provost Marshal of the Second Wisconsin District. In 1866 he re-entered newspaper work as reporter on "The Chicago Tribune," and later was associated, as city editor, with "The Chicago Evening Post" and "Evening Mail"; later was editor of "The Jacksonville Daily Journal" and "The Chicago Morning Courier," also being, for some years from 1869, Western Manager of the American Press Association. In 1876, Mr. Hobart became one of the editors of "The Railway Age" (Chicago), with which he remained until the close of the year 1898. when he retired to give his attention to real-estate matters.

HOFFMAN^ Francis A.^ Lieutenant-Governor (1861-65), was bom at Herford, Prussia, in 1822, and emigrated to America in 1839, reaching Chicago the same year. There he became a boot-black in a leading hotel, but within a month was teaching a small German school at Dimkley^s Grove (now Addison), Du Page County, and later officiating as a Lutheran minister. In 1847 he represented that county in the River and Harbor Convention at Chicago. In 1852 he removed to Chicago, and, the following year, entered the City Council. Later, he embarked in the real-estate business, and, in 1854, opened a banking house, but was forced to assign in 1861. He early became a recognized anti-slavery leader and a contributor to the German press, and» in 1856, was nominated for Lieutenant-Governor on the first Republican State ticket with William H. Bissell, but was found ineligible by reason of his short residence in the United States, and withdrew, giving place to John Wood of Quincy. In 1860 he was again nominated, and having in the meantime become eligible, was elected. In 1864 he was a Republican candidate for Presidential Elector, and assisted in Mr. Lincoln*s second election. He was at one time Foreign Land Commissioner for the Illinois Central Railroad, and acted as Consul at Chicago for several German States. For a number of years in his later life Mr. Hoffman was editor of an agricultural paper in Southern Wisconsin. Died Jan. 23, 1903.

HOOAN^ John^ clergyman and early politician, was born in the city of Mallow, County of Cork, Ireland, Jan. 2, 1805; brought in childhood to Baltimore, Md., and having been left an orphan at eight years of age, learned the trade of a shoemaker. In 1826 he became an itinerant Methodist preacher, and, coming west the same year, preached at various points in Indiana, Dlinois and Missouri. In 1880 he was married to Miss Mary Mitchell West, of Belleville, IlL, and soon after, having retired from the itinerancy , engaged in mercantile business at Edwardsville and Alton. In 1886 he was elected Representative in the Tenth General Assembly from Madison County, two years later was appointed a Commissioner of Public Works and, being re-elected in 1840, was made President of the Board; in 1841 was appointed by President Harrison Register of the Land Office at Dixon, where he remained until 1845. During the anti-slavery excitement which attended the assassination of 'Elijah P. Love joy in 1837, he was a resident of Alton and was regarded by the friends of Love joy as favoring the pro-slavery faction. After retiring from the Land Office at Dixon, he removed to St. Louis, where he engaged in the wholesale grocery busiaess. In his early political life he was a Whig, but later 6o-operated with the Democratic party ; in 1857 he was appointed by President Buchanan Postmaster of the city of St. Louis, serving imtil ;he accession of Lincoln in 1861; in 1864 was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving two years. He was also a delegate to the National Union (Democratic) Convention at Philadelphia in 1866. After his retirement from the Methodist itinerancy he continued to officiate as a "local" preacher and was esteemed a speaker of unusual eloquence and ability. His death occurred, Feb. 5, 1892. He is author of several volumes, including 'The Resources of Missouri,** "Commerce and Manufactures of St. Louis," and a "History of Methodism."

HOOEy Joseph P.^ Congressman, was bom in Ohio early in the century and came to Galena, lU., in 1886, where he attained prominence as a lawyer. In 1842 he was elected Representative in Congress, as claimed at the time by the aid of the Mormon vote at Nauvoo, serving one term. In 1853 he went to San Francisco, Cal., and became a Judge in that State, dying a few years since at the age of over 80 years. He is represented to have been a man of much ability and a graceful and eloquent orator. Mr. Hoge was a son-in-law of Thomas C. Browne, one of the Justices of the first Supreme Court of Illinois who held office until 1848.

HOLLISTER5 (Dr.) Jolu Hamilton, physician, was born at Riga, N. Y., in 1824; was brought to Romeo, Mich., by his parents in infancy, but his father having died, at the age of 17 went to Rochester, N. Y., to be educated, finally graduating in medicine at Berkshire College, Mass., in 1847, and beginning practice at Otisco, Mich. Two years later he removed to Grand Rapids and, in 1855, to Chicago, where he held, for a time, the position of demonstrator of anatomy in Rush Medical College, and, in 1856, became one of the founders of the Chicago Medical College, in which he has held various chairs. He also served as Surgeon of Mercy Hospital and was, for twenty years. Clinical Professor in the same institution; was President of the State Medical Society, and,-fftr twenty years, its Treasurer. Other positions held by him have been those of Trustee of the American Medical Association and editor of its journal. President of the Young Men's Christian Association and of the Chicago Congregational Club. He has also been prominent in Sunday School and church work in connection with the Armour Mission, with which he has been associated for many years.

HOME FOR JUTENILE OFFENDERS, (FEMALE)* The establishment of this institution was authorized by act of June 22, 1898, which appropriated $75,000 towards its erection and maintenance, not more than $15,000 to be expended for a site. (See also State Guardians for Oirls.) It is designed to receive girls between the ages of 10 and 16 committed thereto by any court of record upon conviction of a misdemeanor, the term of commitment not to be less than one year, or to exceed minority. Justices of the

Peace, however, may send giris for a term not lees than three months. The act of incorporation provides for a commutation of sentence to be earned by good conduct and a prolongation of the sentence by bad behavior. The Trustees are empowered, in their discretion, either to apprentioe the girls or to adopt them out during their minority. Temporary quarters were furnished for the Home during the first two years of its existence in Chicago, but permanent buildings for the institution have been erected on the banks of Fox River, near Oeneva, in Kane Coimty.

HOMEBy a village in Champaign Coimty, on the Wabash Railway, 20 miles west-south west from Danville and about 18 miles east-southeast from Champaign. It supports a carriage factory ; also has two banks, several phurches, a seminary, an opera house, and one weekly paper. The region is chiefly agricultural. Population (1880), 924; (1890), 917; (1900), 1,080; (1910), 1,086.

HOMESTEAD LATVS. In general such laws have been defined to be ' legislation enacted to secure* to some extent, the enjoyment of a home and shelter for a family or individual by exempting, under certain conditions, the residence occupied by the family or individual, from liability to be sold for the payment of the debts of its owner, and by restricting his rights of free alienation.'' In Illinois, this exemption extends to the farm and dwelling thereon of every householder having a family, and occupied as a residence, whether owned or possessed under a lease, to the value of $1,000. The exemption continues after death, for the benefit of decedent's wife or husband occupying the homestead, and also of the children, if any, until the youngest attain the age of 21 years. Husband and wife must join in releasing the exemption, but the property is always liable for improvements thereoD. - ^In 1862 Congress passed an act known as the **Homestead Law" for the protection of the rights of settlers on public lands under certain restrictions as to active occupancy, under which most of that class of lands since taken for settlement have been purchased.

HOOLET; Richard M., theatrical manager, was bom in Ireland, April 13, 1822 ; at the age of 18 entered the theater as a musician and, four years later, came to America, soon after forming an association with E. P. Christy, the originator of negro minstrelsy entertainments which went imder his name. In 1848 Mr. Hooley conducted a company of minstrels through the principal towns of England, Scotland and Ireland, and to some of the chief cities on the continent; returned to America five years later, and subsequently managed houses in San Francisco, Philadelphia, Brooklyn and New York, finally locating- in Chicago in 1869, where he remained the rest of his life, - his theater becoming one of the most widely known and popular in the city. Died, Sept. 8, 1893.

HOOPESTON, a prosperous city in Vermilion County at the intersection of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and the Lake Erie & Western Railroads, 99 miles south of Chicago. It has grain elevators, a nai^ factory, brick and tile works, carriage and machine shops, and two large canning factories, besides two banks and two newspapers, issuing daily and weekly editions, several churches, a high school and a business college. Pop. (1890), 1,911; (1900), 3,823; (1910), 4,698. ,

HOPKiySy Albert J., Congressman, was bom in De Kalb County, 111., August 15, 1846. After graduating from Hillsdale College, Mich., in 1870, he studied law and began practice at Aurora. He rapidly attained prominence at the bar, and, in 1872, was elected State's Attorney for Kane County, serving in that capacity for four years. He is an ardent Republican and high in the party's councils, having been Chairman of the State Central Committee from 1878 to 1880, and a Presidential Elector on the Blaine & Logan ticket in 1884. The same year he was elected to the Forty -ninth Congress from the Fifth District, serving by successive re elections until 1903, when he was chosen United States Senator as successor to Hon. William E. Mason, serving one term. In 1908 he received a majority vote in the primaries for re election as Senator, but was defeated by William A. Lorimer in the General Assembly. In 1898 he received a majority of more than 18,000 over the combined vote of two competitors for Congress in his district. His residence is at Aurora, 111.

HOUGHTOir^ Horace Hocking^ pioneer printer and journalist, was bom at Springfield, Vt., Oct. 26, 1806, spent his youth on a farm, and at eighteen began learning the printer's trade in the office of **The Woodstock Overseer" ; on arriving at his majority became a journeyman printer and, in 1828, went to New York, spending some time in the employment of the Harper Brothers. After a brief season spent in Boston, he took charge of * The Statesman" at Castleton. Vt., but, in 1834, again went to New York, taking with him a device for throwing the printed sheet off the press, which was afterwards adopted on the