Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 2 of 26)

& St. Louis R. R., north by northwest of Springfield. It is also the center of a prosperous agricultural and stock-raising district, and large numbers of cattle are shipped there for the Chicago market. The place has an electric lighting plant, brickyards, two machine shops, two grain elevators, five churches, pne newspaper, and good schools. Athens is one of the oldest towns in Central Illinois. Pop. (1900), 1,635; (1910), 1,340.

ATKINS^ Smith D.^ soldier and journalist, was bom near Elmira, N. Y., June 9, 1836; came with his father to UUnois in 1846, and lived on a farm till 1850; was educated at Rock River Seminary, Mount Morris, meanwhile learning the printer's trade, and afterwards established "The Savanna Register" in Carroll County. In 1854 he began the study of law, and in 1860, while practicing at Freeport, was elected Prosecuting Attorney, but resigned in 1861, being the first man to enlist as a private soldier in Stephenson County. He served as a Captain of the Eleventh Illinois Volunteers (three-months' men), re-enlisted with the same rank for three years and took part in the capture of Fort Donelson and the battle of Shiloh, serving at the latter on the staff of Greneral Hurlbut. Forced to retire temporarily on account of his health, he next engaged in raising volunteers in Northern Illinois, was finally commi^oned Colonel of the Ninety-second Illinois, and, in June, 1863, was assigned to command of a brigade in the Army of Kentucky, later serving in the Army of the Cumberland. On the organization of Sherman's great * 'March to the Sea," he efficiently codperated in it, was brevetted Brigadier-Greneral for gallantry at Savannah, and at the close of the war, by special order of President Lincoln, was brevetted Major-Greneral. Since the war. General Atkins' chief occupation has been that of editor of "The Freeport Journal,*' though, for nearly twenty-four years, he served as Postmaster of that city.^ He took a prominent part in the erection of the Stephenson County Soldiers' Moniunent at Freeport, has been President of the Freeport Public Library since its organization, member of the Board of Education, and since 1895, by appointment of the Governor of Illinois, one of the Illinois Commissioners of the Chickamauga and Chattanooga Military Park.

ATKINSON, village of Henry County, on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway, 89 miles east of Rock Island ; has an electric light plant, a bankand a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 762; (1910), 805.

and the surrounding region is rich in coal, aa well as a productive agricultural and stock-raising district. It has a water- works system, electric light plant, five churches, a graded school, a weekly paper, two banks, a fiouring mill, and is the headquarters of the Union Agricultural Society established 1860. Pop. (1900), 1,270; (1910), 1,367.

ATLAS^ a hamlet in the southwestern part of Pike County, 10 miles southwest of Pittsfield and three miles from Rockport, the nearest station on the Quincy & Louisiana Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. Atlas has an interesting history. It was settled by Col. William Ross and four brothers, who came here from Pittsfield, Mass., in the latter part of 1819, or early in 1820, making there the first settlement within the present limits of Pike County. The town was laid out by the Rosses in 1823, and the next year the county-seat was removed thither from Coles Grove - now in Calhoun County - but which had been the first county-seat of Pike County, when it comprised all the territory lying north and west of the Illinois River to the Mississippi River and the Wisconsin State line. Atlas remained the county-seat until 1833, when the seat of justice was removed to Pittsfield. During a part of that time it was one of the most important points in the western part of the State, and was, for a time, a rival of Quincy. It now has only a postoffice and general store. The population, according to the census of 1890, was 52.

ATTORNETS-OENERAL. The following is a list of the Attomeys-Greneral of Illinois imder the Territorial and State Governments, down to the present time (1899), with the date and duration of the term of each incumbent:

Territorial - Benjamin H. Doyle, July to December, 1809; John J. Crittenden, Dec. 30 to April, 1810; Thomas T. Crittenden, April to October, 1810; Benj. M Piatt, October, 1810-13; William Mears, 1813-18.

however, by legislative enactment in 1867, and on Feb. 28 of that year Governor Oglesby appointed Robert G. Ingersoli, of Peoria, to dis charge the duties of the position, which he con> tinned to do until 1869. Subsequent incumbents of the office have been: Washington BushneU, 1869-73; James K. Edsall, 1878-81 ; James McCartney, 1881-85 ; George Hunt, 1885-98 ; M. T. Moloney, 1893-97; Edward C. Akin, 1897-1901; Rowland J. Hamlin, 1901-05; Wm. H. Stead, 1905 - . Under the Constitution of 1818 the office was filled by appointment by the Legislature; imder that of 1848, it ceased to exist imtil re-created by act of the Legislature of 1867, but, in 1870, it was made a constitutional office to be filled by popular election for a term of four years.

ATWOOD, a village lying partly in Piatt and partly in Douglas County, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R., 27 miles east of Decatur. The region is agricultural and fruit-growing; has one bank, churches, an excellent school and a newspaper. Pop. (1900). 698; (1910), 659.

ATWOOD9 Charles B., architect, was bom at llillbury, Mass., May 18, 1849; at 17 began a full course in architecture at Harvard Scientific School, and, after graduation, received prizes for public buildings at San Francisco, Hartford and a number of other cities, besides furnishing designs for some of the finest private residences in the country. He was associated with D. H. Bumham in preparing plans for the Ck)lumbian Exposition buildings, at Chicago, for the World's Fair of 1898, and distinguished himself by producing plans for the **Art Building," the **Peristyle," the "Terminal Station" and other prominent structures Died, in the midst of his highest successes as an architect, at Chicago, Dec. 19, 1895.

AUBUBN^ a village of Sangamon Coimty, on the Chicago & Alton Railroail, 15 miles south of Springfield ; has some manufactories of flour and farm implements, besides tile and brick works, two coal mines, electric light plant, two banks, several churches, a graded school and a weekly newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,281; (1910), 1,814.

AUDITORS OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS, The Auditors of Public Accounts under the Territorial Grovemment were H. H. Maxwell, 1812-16; Daniel P. Cook, 1810-17; Robert Blackwell (April to August), 1817; Elijah C. Berry, 1817-18. Under the Constitution of 1818 the Auditor of Public Accounts was made appointive by the legislature, without limitation of term ; but by the Constitutions of 1848 and 1870 the office was made elective by the people for a term of four years.

AU6USTA9 a village in Augusta township, Hancock County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 36 miles northeast of Quincy. Wagons and brick are the principal manufactures. The town has one newspaper, two banks, tiiree churches and a graded schooL The sur rounding country is a fertile agricultural region and abounds in a good quality of bituminous coal. Fine qualities of potter's clay and mineral paint are obtained here. Population (1890), 1,077; (1900), 1,149; (1910), 1,146.

AUGUST AN A COLLEGE, an educational institution controlled by the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, located at Rock Island and founded in 1863. Besides preparatory and collegiate de- I)artments, a theological school is connected with the institution. To the two first named, young women are admitted on an equality with men More than 500 students were reported in attendance in 1896, about one-fourth being women. A majority of the latter were in the prei)aratory (or academic) department. The college is not endowed, but owns property (real and personal) to the value of $250,000. It has a library of 13,000 volumes.

AUROBA, a city and important railroad center, Kane County, on Fox River, 39 miles southwest of Chicago; is location of principal shops of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R., has fine water-power and many successful manufactories, including extensive boiler works, iron foundries, cotton and woolen mills, fiour mills, silver-plating works, corset, sash and door and carriage factories, stove and smelting works, establishments for turning out road-scrapers, buggy tops, and wood-working machinery. The city owns water-works and electric light plant; has six banks, three daily and several weekly papers, some twenty-five churches, excellent schools and handsome public library building; is connected by interurban electric lines with the principal towns and villages in the Fox River valley. Pop. (1890), 19,6S8; (1900), 24,147; (1910), 29,807.

AUSTIN) a former western suburb of the city <^ Chicago on the line of the Chicago & Northwestern R. R.; was annexed to the city of Chicago in 1899.

ATEBTTILLE, a village of Peoria County, lying north of the city of Peoria and on the Illinois River; is an important manufacturing point, especially in the line of agricultural implements. Population (1900), 1,573; (1910), 2,668.

AUSTIN GOLLEGE^aco-^ducational institution, was founded at Effingham in 1890, by Edward Austin and brother, but about 1904 the property came into possession of Prof. Lewis H. Bissell, and now constitutes a part of the Bissell Photo-engraving College.

AUSTBALIAN BALLOT, a form of ballot for popular elections, thus named because it was first brought into use in Australia. It was adopted by act of the Legislature of Illinois in 1891, and is applicable to the election of all public officers except Trustees of Schools, School Directors, members of Boards of Education and officers of road districts in counties not under township organization. Under it, all ballots for the election of officers (except those just enumerated) are required to be printed and distributed to the election officers for use on the day of election, at public cost. These ballots contain the names, on the same sheet, of all candidates to be voted for at such election, such names having been formally certified previpusly to the Secretary of State (in the case of candidates for offices to be voted for by electors of the entire State or any district greater than a single county) or to the County Clerk (as to all others), by the presiding officer and secretary of the convention or caucus making such nominations, when the party represented cast at least two per cent of the aggregate vote of the State or district at the preceding general election. Other names niay be added to the ballot on the petition of a specified number of the legal voters under certain prescribed conditions named in the act. The duly registered voter, on presenting himself at the poll, is given a copy of the official ticket by one of the judges of election, upon which he proceeds to indicate his preference in a temporary booth or closet set apart for his use, by making a cross at the head of the column of candidates for whom he wishes to vote, if he desires to vote for all of the candidates of the same party, or by a similar mark before the name of each individual for whom he wishes to vote, in case he desires to distribute his support among the candidates of dififerent parties. The object of the law is to secure for the voter secrecy of the ballot, with independence and freedom from dictation or interference by others in the exercise of his right of suffrage.

ATA, a town in Jackson County (incorporated as a city, 1901), on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad (Cairo & Su. Louis Division), 75 miles southsoutheast from St Louis. It has two banks and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 984; (1910), 780.

AVON, village of Fulton County, on C, B. & Q. R. R., 20 miles south of Galesburg; has drainpipe works, flouring mill, factories of steam and hotwater heaters, two banks and one newspaper; agricultural fair held here annually. Population (1900), 809; (1910), 865.

ATER, Benjamin F., lawyer, was bom in Kingston, N. H., April 22. 1825, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1846, studied law at Dane Law School (Harvard University), was admitted to the bar and began practice at Manchester, N. H. After serving one term in the New Hampshire Legislature, and as Prosecuting Attorney for Hillsborough CJoimty, in 1857 he came to Chicago, soon advancing to the front rank of lawyers then in practice there ; became Ck>rporation Counsel in 1861, and, two years later, drafted the revised city charter. After the close of his official career, he was a member for eight years of the law firm of Beckwith, Ayer & Kales, and afterwards of the firm of Ayer & Kales, until, retiring from general practice, Mr. Ayer became Solicitor of the Illinois Central Railroad, then a Director of the Company, finally becoming General Counsel and a potent factor in its management. Died April 6, 1903.

AYERS, Marshall Paul, banker, Jacksonville, was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., July 27, 1823; came to Jacksonville, 111., with his parents, in 1830, and was educated there, graduating from Illinois Ck>llege, in 1843, as the classmate of Dr. Newton Bateman, afterwards President of Knox (Ik)llege at Galesburg, and Rev. Thomas K. Beecher, now of Elmira, N. Y. After leaving college he became the partner of his father (David B. Ayers)as agentof Mr. John Grigg, of Philadelphia, who was the owner of a large body of Illinois lands. His father dying in 1850, Mr. Ayers succeeded to the management of the business, about 75,000 acres of Mr. Grigg's unsold lands coming under his charge. In December, 1852, with the assistance of Messrs. Page & Bacon, bankers, of St. Louis, he opened the first bank in Jacksonville, for the sale of exchange, but which finally grew into a bank of deposit and has been continued ever since, being recognized as one of the most solid institutions in Central Illinois. In 1870-71, aided by Philadelphia and New York capitalists, he built the '^Illinois Farmers* Rail- road" between Jacksonville and Waverly, afterwards extended to Virden and finally to Centralia and Mount Vernon. This was the nucleus of the Jacksonville Southeastern Railway, though Mr. Ayers had no connection with it in his later years. Other business enterprises with which he was connected were the Jcaksonville Gas CJompany (now including an electric light and power plant), of which he was President for forty years; the "Home Woolen Mills'* (early wiped out by fire), sugar and paper-barrel manufacture, coal-mining, etc. About 1877 he purchased a body of 23,600 acres of land in Champaign Ck>unty, known as "Broadlands," from John T. Alexander, an extensive cattle-dealer, who had become heavily involved during the years of financial revulsion. As a result of this transaction, Mr. Alexander's debts, which aggregated $1,000,000, were discharged within the next two years. Mr. Ayers had been an earnest Republican since the organization of that party and, during the war, rendered valuable service in assisting to raise funds for the support of the operations of the Christian Commission in the field. He was also active in Sunday School, benevolent and educational work, having been for twenty years a ^Trustee of Illinois College, of which he had been an ardent friend. In 1846 he was married to Miss Laura Allen, daughter of Rev. John Allen, D.D., of Huntsville, Ala., and was father of four sons and four daughters. Died Sept. 30, 1902.

BABCOCK^ Amos C.^ was bom at Penn Yan, N. Y., Jan.20, 1828, the son of a member of Congress from that State; at the age of 18, having lost his father by death, came West, and soon after engaged in mercantile business in partnership with a brother at Canton, 111. In 1854 he was elected by a majority of one vote, as an Anti- Nebraska Whig, to the lower branch of the Nineteenth Oeneral Assembly, and, in the following session, took part in the election of United States Senator which resulted in the choice of Lyman Trumbull. Although a personal and political friend of Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Babcock, as a matter of policy, cast his vote for his townsman, William Kellogg, afterwards Congressman from that district, until it was apparent that a concentration of the Anti-Nebraska vote on TnmibuU was necessary to defeat the election of a Democrat. In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln the first Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fourth District, and, in 1863, was commissioned by Governor Yates Colonel of the One Hundred and Third Illinois Volunteers, but soon resigned. Colonel Babcock served as Delegate-at-large in the Republican National Convention of 1868, which nominated General Grant for the Presidency, and the same year was made Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee, also conducting the campaign two years later. He identified himself with the Greeley movement in , 1872, but, in 1876, was again in line with his party and restored to his old position on the State Central Committee, serving until 1878. Among business enterprises with which he was connected was the extension, about 1854, of the Buda branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad from Yates City to Canton, and the erection of the State Capitol at Austin, Tex., which was imdertaken, in conjunction with Abner Taylor and J. V. and C. B. Farwell, about 1881 and completed in 1888, for which the firm received over 8,000,000 acres of State lands in the "Pan Handle" portion of Texas. In 1889 Colonel Babcock took up his residence in Chicago, which continued to be his liome until his death from apoplexy, Feb. 25, 1899.

BABCOCK, Andrew J.^ soldier, was bom at Dorchester, Norfolk County, Mass., July 19, 1880; began life as a coppersmith at Lowell; in 1851 went to Concord, N. H., and, in 1856, removed to Springfield, 111., where, in 1859, he joined a military comiMiny called the Springfield Greys, commanded by Capt. (afterwards Gen. ) John Cook, of which he was First Lieutenant. This company became the nucleus of Company I, Seventh Illinois Volunteers, which enlisted on Mr. Lincoln's first call for troops in April, 1861. Captain Cook having been elected Colonel, Babcock succeeded him as Captain, on the re-enlistment of the regiment in July following becoming Lieutenant- Colonel, and, in March, 1862, being promoted to the Colonelcy *'for gallant and meritorious service rendered at Fort Donelson." A year later he was compelled to resign on accoimt of impaired health. Died at St. Paui, Minn., Jan. 12, 1911.

BACON, George E., lawyer and legislator, bom at Madison, Ind., Feb. 4, 1851; was brought to Illinois by his parents at three years of age, and, in 1876, located at Paris, Edgar County; in 1879 was admitted to the bar and held various minor offices, including one lerm as State's Attorney. In 1886 he was elected as a Republican to the State Senate and re-elected four years later, but finally removed to Aurora, where he died, July 6, 1896. Mr. Bacon was a man of recognized ability, as shown by the fact that, after the death of Senator John A. Logan, he was selected by his colleagues of the Senate to pronounce the eulogy on the deceased statesman.

BA6BT5 John C«9 jurist and Congrefisman, was bom at Glasgow, Kj,, Jan. 24, 1819. After passing through the common schools of Barren Coontj, Ky., he studied ciyll engineering at Bacon College, graduating in 1840. Later he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1845. In 1846 he conmienced practice at Rushville, IlL, confining himself ezclusiTely to professional work until nominated and elected to Ck>ngress in 1874, by the Democrats of the (old) Tenth District. In 1885 he was elected to the Circuit Bench for the Sixth Circuit. Died, April 4, 1896.

BAILEY, Joseph Mead, legislator and jurist, wasbomatMiddlebury, Wyoming County, N. Y., June 22, 1888, graduated from Rochester (N. Y.) UniTenity in 1854, and was admitted to the bar in that city in 1855. In August, 1856, he removed to Freeport, IlL, where he soon built up a profitable practice. In 1866 he was elected a Representative in the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, being re-elected in 1868. Here he was especially prominent in securing restrictive legislation oonoeming railroads. In 1876 he was chosen a Presidential Elector for his district on the Republican ticket. In 1877 he was elected a Judge of the Thirteenth judicial district, and re-elected in 1879 and in 1885. In January, 1878, and again in June, 1879, he was assigned to the bench of the Appellate Court, being presiding Justice from June, 1879, to June, 1880, and from June, 1881, to June. 1882. In 1879 he received the degree of LL.D. from the Universities of Rochester and Chicago. In 1888 he was elected to the bench of the Supreme Court Died in office, Oct. 16. 1895.

BAILHACHE, John, pioneer journalist, was bom in the Island of Jersey, May 8, 1787; after gaining the rudiments of an education in his mother tongue (the French), he acquired a knowledge of T^gliah and some proficiency in Greek and Latin in an academy near his paternal home» when he spent five years as a printer's apprentice. In 1810 he came to the United States, first locating at Cambridge, Ohio, but, in 1812, purchased a half interest in "The Fredonian" at Chillicothe (then the State Capital), soon after becoming sole owner. In 1815 he purchased "The Scioto Gazette'* and consolidated the two papers under the name of "The Scioto Gazette and Fredonian Chronicle." Here he remained until 1828, meantime engaging temporarily in the banking busi« ness, also serving one term in the Legislature (1820), and being elected Associate Justice of the Court of Common Fleas for Ross County. In 1828 he removed to Columbus, assuming charge of "The Ohio State Jourfaal," served one term as Mayor of the city, and for three consecutive years was State Printer. Selling out "The Journal'* in 1886. he came west, the next year becoming part owner, and finally sole proprietor, of "The Telegraph" at Alton, HI, which he conducted alone or in association with various partners until 1854, when he retired, giving his attention to the book and job branch of the business. He served as Representative from Madison County in the Thirteenth General Assembly (1842-44). As a man and a journalist Judge Bailhache commanded the highest respect, and did much to elevate the standard of journalism in Illinois, "The Telegraph," during the period of his connection with it, being one of the leading papers of the State. His death occurred at Alton, Sept. 8, 1857, as the result of injuries received the day previous, by being thrown from a carriage in which he was riding. - MaJ. William Benry (Bailhache), son of the preceding, was bom at Chillicothe, Ohio, Aug^ust 14, 1826, removed with his father to Alton, BL, in 1886, was educated at Shurtleff College, and learned the printing trade in the office of "The Telegraph," under the direction of his father, afterwards being associated with the business department. In 1855, in partnership with Edward L. Baker, he became one of the proprietors and business manager of "The State Journal" at Springfield. During the Civil War he received from President Lincoln the appointment of Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, serving to its close and receiving the brevet rank of Major. After the war he returned to journalism and was associated at different times with "The State Journal" and "The Quincy Whig." as business manager of each, but retired in 1878; in 1881 was appointed by President Arthur, Receiver of Public Moneys at Santa Fe., N. M., remaining four years. Prior to 1899 he removed to San Diego, Cal., there engaged in newspaper work, and, under the administration of President McKinley, was Special Agent of the Treasury Department. Died March 12, 1905. - Preston Heath (Bailhache), another son, was bom in Columbus, Ohio, February 21, 1835; served as a Surgeon during the Civil War, later became a Surgeon in the regular army and has held posi« tions in marine hospitals at Baltimore, Washington and New York, and has visited Europe in the interest of sanitary and hospital service. At present (1899) he occupies a prominent position at the headquarters of the United States Marine Hospital Service in Washington. - Arthur Lee (Bculhache), a third son, bom at Alton, lU., April

12, 1839; at the beginning of the Civil War was employed in the State oommissary service at Gamp Yates and Cairo, became Adjutant of the Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteers, and died at Pilot Knob. Mo., Jan. 9, 1862, as the result of disease and exposure in the service.

BAKER, David Jewett, lawyer and United States Senator, was bom at Blast Haddam, Conn. , Sept. 7, 1792. His family removed to New York in 1800, where he worked on a farm during boyhood, but graduated from Hamilton College in 1816, and three years later was admitted to the bar. In 1819 he came to Illinois and began practice at Kaskaskia, where he attained prominence in his profession and was made Probate Judge of Randolph Coimty. His opposition to the introduction of slavery into the State was so aggressive that his life was frequently threatened. In 1880 Grovemor Edwards appointed him United States Senator, to fill the unexpired term of Senator McLean, but he served only one month when he was succeeded by John M. Robinson, who was elected by the Legislature. He was United States District Attorney from 1888 to 1841 (the State then constituting but one district), and thereafter resumed private practice. Died at Alton, August 6, 1869. - Henry Southard (Baker), son of the pre- <)eding, was bom at Kaskaskia, IlL, Nov. 10> 1824, received his preparatory education at Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, and, in 1848, entered Brown University, R. I., graduating therefrom in 1847; was admitted to the bar in 1849, beginning practice at Alton, the home of his father, Hon. David J. Baker. In 1854 he was elected as an Anti-Nebraska candidate to the lower branch of the Nineteenth General Assembly, and, at the subsequent session of the General Assembly, was one of the five Anti-Nebraska members whose uncompromising fidelity to Hon. Lyman Trumbull resulted in the election of the latter to the United States Senate for the first time - the others being his colleague. Dr. Oeorge T. Allen of the House, and Hon. John M. Palmer, afterwards United States Senator, Burton C. Cook and Norman B. Judd in the Senate. He served as one of the Secretaries of the Republican State Convention held at Bloomington in May, 1856, was a Republican Presidential Elector in 1864, and, in 1865, became Judge of the Alton City Court, serving until 1881. In 1876 he presided over the Republican State Convention, served as delegate to the Republican National Convention of the same year and was an unsuccessful candidate for Congress in opposition to William R. Morrison.

Judge Baker was the orator selected to deliver the address on occasion of the unveiling of the statue of Lieut. -Gov. Pierre Menard, on the capitol grounds at Springfield, in January, 1888. About 1888 he retired from practice, dying at Alton, March 5, 1897. - Edward L. (Baker), second son of David Jewett Baker, was bom at Kaskaskia, 111., June 8, 1829; graduated at Shurtlefl^ College in 1847; read law with his father two years, after which he entered Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar at Springfield in 1855. Previous to this date Mr. Baker had become associated with William H. Bailhache, in the management of "The Alton Daily Telegraph," and, in July, 1855, they purchased "The Illinois State Journal," at Springfield, of which Mr. Baker assumed the editorship, remaining until 1874. In 1869 he was appointed United States Assessor for the Eighth District, serving until the abolition of the office. In 1878 he received the appointment from President Grant of Consul to Buenos Ayres, South America, >and, assuming the duties of the office in 1874, remained there for twenty-three years, proving himself one of the most capable and efficient officers in the consular service. On the evening of the 20th of June, 1897, when Mr. Baker was about to enter a railway train already in motion at the station in the city of Buenos Ayres, he fell under the cars, receiving injuries which necessitated the amputation of his right arm, finally resulting in his death in the hospital at BUenos Ayres, July 8, following. BAb remains were brought home at the Gk)vemment expense and interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery, at Springfield, where a monument has since been erected in his honor, bearing a tablet contributed by citizens of Buenos Ayree and foreign representatives in that city expressive of their respect for his memory. - David Jewett (Baker),. Jr., a third son of David Jowett Baker, Sr., was bom at Kaskaskia, Nov. 20,1884; graduated from Shurtleff College in 1854, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. In November of that year he removed to Cairo and began practice. He was Mayor of that city in 1864-65, and» in 1869, was elected to the bench of the Nineteenth Judicial Circuit. The Legislature of 1878 (by Act of March 28) having divided the State into twenty-six circuits, he was elected Judge of the Twenty-sixth, on June 2, 1878. In August, 1878, he resigned to accept an appointment on the Supreme Bench as successor to Judge Breese» deceased, but at the close of his term on the Supreme Bench (1879), was re-elected Circuit Judge, and again in 1885. During this period he served for several years on the Appellate Bench. In 1888 he retired from the Circuit Bench by resignation and was elected a Justice of the Supreme Coiurt for a term of nine years. Again, in 1897, he was a candidate for re-election, but was defeated by Carroll C. Boggs. Soon after retiring from the Supreme Bench he removed to Chicago and engaged in general practice, in partnership with his son, John W. Baker. He fell dead almost instantly in his office, March 18, - 1899. In all. Judge Baker had spent some thirty years almost continuously on the bench, and had attained eminent distinction both as a lawyer and a jurist.

BAKEB, Edward Dickinson, soldier and United States Senator, was bom in London, Eng., Feb. 24, 1811; emigrated to Illinois while yet in his minority, first locating at Belleville, afterwards removing to CarroUton and finally to Sangamon County, the last of which he represented in the lower house of the Tenth General Assembly, and as State Senator in the Twelfth and Thirteenth. He was elected to Congress as a Whig from the Springfield District, but resigned in December, 1846, to accept the colonelcy of the Fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, in the Mexican War, and succeeded General Shields in command of the brigade, when the latter was wounded at Cerro Gordo. In 1848 he was elected to Congress from the Galena District; was also identified with the construction of the Panama Railroad; went to San Francisco in 1852, but Viter removed to Oregon, where he was elected to the United States Senate in 1860. In 1861 he resigned the Senatorship to enter the -Union army, commanding a brigade at the battle of Ball's Bluff, where he was killed, October 21, 1861.

BAKEBy JehUy lawyer and Congressman, was bom in Fayette County, Ky., Nov. 4, 1822. At an early age he removed to Illinois, making his home in Belleville, St. Clair County. He received his early education in the common schools and at McKendree College. Although he did not graduate from the latter institution, he received therefrom the honorary degree of A. M. in 1858, and that of LXi. D. in 1882. For a time he studied medicine, but 'abandoned it for the study of law. From 1861 to 1805 he was Master in Chancery for St. Clair County. From 1865 to 1869 he represented the Belleville District as a Republican in Congress. From 1876 to 1881 and from 1882 to 1885 he was Minister Resident in Venezuela, during the latter portion of his term of service acting also as Consul-GeneraL Returning home, he was again elected to Congress (1886) from the Eighteenth District, but was defeated for re-election, in 1888, by William S. Forman, Democrat. Again, in 1896, having identified himself with the Free Silver Democracy and People's Party, he was elected to Congress from the Twentieth District over Everett J. Murphy, the Republican nominee, serving until March 8, 1899. He was author of an annotated edition of Montesquieu's "Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans." Died March 1, 1903.

BALDWIN^ Elmer, agriculturist and legislator, was bom in litchfield County, Conn., March 8, 1806 ; at 16 years of age began teaching a country school, continuing this occupation for several years during the winter months, while working on his father's farm in the simmier. He then started a store at New Milford, which he managed for three years, when he sold out on account of his health and began farming. In 1833 he came west and purchased a considerable tract of Government land in La Salle County, where the village of Farm Ridge is now situated, removing thither with his family the following year. He served as Justice of the Peace for fourteen consecutive terms, as Postmaster twenty years and as a member of the Board of Supervisors of La Salle County six years. In 1856 he was elected as a Republican to the House of Representatives, was re-elected to the same office in 1866, and to the State Senate in 1872, serving two years. He was also appointed, in 1869, a member of the first Board of Public Charities, serving as President of the Board. Mr. Baldwin is author of a "History of La Salle County," which contains much local and biographical history. Died, Nov. 18, 1895.

BALDWO^ Theron^ clergyman and educator, was born in Goshen, Conn., July 21, 1801; graduated at Yale College in 1827; after two years' study in the theological school there, was ordained a home missionary in 1829, becoming one of the celebrated "Yale College Band," or "Western College Society," of which he was Corresponding Secretary during most of his life. He was settled as a Congregationalist minister at Vandalia for two years, and was active in procuring the charter of Illinois College at Jacksonville, of which he was a Trustee from its organization to his death. He served for a number of years, from 1831, as Agent of the Home Missionary Society for Illinois, and, in 1838, became the first Principal of Monticello Female Seminary, near Alton, which he conducted five years. Died at Orange, N. J., April 10, 1870.

BALLABDy Addison, men^iant, was bam of Quaker parentage in Warren Comity, Ohio» No- Tember, 1822. He located at La Porte» Ind., about 1841, where he learned and pursued the carpenter's trade; in 1849 went to California, remaining two years, when he returned to La Porte; in 1858 removed to Chicago and embarked in the lumber trade, which he prosecuted until 1887, retiring with a competency. Mr. Ballard served several years as one of the Conmiissioners of Cook Coimty, and, from 1876 to 1882, as Alderman of the City of Chicago, and again in the latter office, 1894-96. Died June 27, 1905.

BALTES^ Peter Joseph^ Roman Catholic Bishop of Alton, was bom at Ensheim, Rhenish Bavaria, April 7, 1827; was educated at the colleges of the Holy Cross, at Worcester, Mass., and of St. Ignatius, at Chicago, and at Lavalle University, Montreal, and was ordained a priest in 1858, and consecrated Bishop in 1870. ELis diocesan administration %was successful, but regarded by hin priests as somewhat arbitrary. He wrote numerous pastcnral letters and brochures for the guidance of clergy and laity. His most important literary work was entitled "Pastoral Instruction," first edition, N. Y., 1875; second edition (revised and enlarged), 1880. Died at Alton, Feb. 15, 1886.

Baltimobe A Ohio Southwestern

BALTIMOBE A OHIO SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY. This road (constituting a part of the Baltimore & Ohio system) is made up of two principal divisions, the first extending across the State from East St. Louis to Belpre, Ohio, and the second (known as the Springfield Division) extending from Beardstown to Shawneetown. The total mileage of the former (or main line) is 587 miles, of which 147^ are in Illinois, and of the latter (wholly within Illinois) 228 miles. The main line (originally known as the Ohio & Mississippi Railway) was chartered in Indiana in 1848, in Ohio in 1849, and in Illinois in 1851. It was constructed by two companies, the section from Cincinnati to the Indiana and Illinois State line being known as the Eastern Division, and that in Illinois as the Western Division, the gauge, as originally built, being six feet, but reduced in 1871 to standard. The banking firm of Page & Bacon, of St. Louis and San Francisco, were the principal financial backers of the enterprise. The line was completed and opened for trafiic, May 1, 1857. The following year the road became financially embarrassed; the Eastern Division was placed in the hands of a receiver in 1860. while the Western Division was sold under foreclosure, in 1862, and reorganized as the Ohio & Mississippi Railway under act of the Illinois

Legislature passed in February, 1861. The Eastern Division was sold in January, 1867; and, in November of the same year, the two divisions were consolidated under the title of the Ohio & Mississippi Railway. - ^The Springfield Division was the result of the consolidation, in December, 1869, of the Pana, Springfield & Northwestern and the Illinois & Southeastern Railroad - each having been chartered in 1867 - ^the new corporation taking the name of the Springfield & Illinois Southeastern Railroad, under which name the road was built and opened in March, 1871. In 1878, it was placed in the hands of receivers; in 1874 was sold under foreclosure, and, on Jiarch 1, 1875, passed into the hands of the Ohio & Mississippi Railway Company. In November, 1876, the road was again placed in the hands of a receiver, but was restored to the Company in 1884. - ^In November, 1898, the Ohio & Mississippi was consolidated with the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, which was the successor of the Cincinnati, Washington & Baltimore Railroad, the reorganized Company taking the name of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Company. The total capitalization of the road, as organized in 1898, was $84,770,581. Several branches of the main line in Indiana and Ohio go to increase the aggregate mileage, but being wholly outside of Illinois are not taken into account in this statement.

BALTIMORE & OHIO & CHICAGO RAILR0A1>5 part of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System, of which only 8.21 out of 265 miles are in Illinois. The principal object of the company's incorporation was to secure entrance for the Baltimore & Ohio into Chicago. The capital stock outstanding exceeds $1,500,000. The total capital (including stock, funded and fioating debt) is 920,329,166 or $76,728 per mile. The gross earnings for the year ending June 80, 1898, were $8,883,016 and the operating expenses $2,498,452. The income and earnings for the portion of the line in Illinois for the same period were $209,208 and the expenses $208,096.

BAN6S5 Mark^ lawyer, was bom in Franklin County, Mass., Jan. 9, 1822; spent his boyhood on a farm in Western New York, and, after a year in an institution at Rochester, came to Chicago in 1844, later spending two years in farm work and teaching m Central Illinois. Returning east in 1847, he engaged in teaching for two years at Springfield, Mass., then spent a year in a dry goods store at Lacon, IlL, meanwhile prosecuting his legal studies. Ib 1851 he began practice, was elected a Judg% of theCirouit Ck>urt in 1859; served one session as State Senator (1870-72); in 1878 was appointed Circnit Judge to fill the unexpired term of Judge Richmond, deceased, and, in 1875, was appointed by President Qrant United States District Attorney for the Northern District* remaining in office four years. Judge Bangs was also a member of the first Anti-Nebraska State Convention of Illinois, held at Springfield in 1854; in 1862' presided over the Congressional Convention which nominated Owen Love joy for Congress for the first time ; was one of the charter members of the *' Union League of America," serving as its President, and» in 1868, was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated Greneral Grant fox President for the first time. After retiring from the office of District Attorney in 1879, he removed to Chicago, where he was engaged in practice until his death, June 23, 1902.

BANESOIT^ Andrew, pioneer and early legis* lator, a native of Tennessee, settled on Silver Creek, in St. Clair County, 111., four miles south of Lebanon, about 1808 or 1810, and subsequently removed to Washington County. He was a Colonel of "Bangers*' during the War of 1812, and a Captain in the Black Hawk War of 1832. In 1822 he was elected to the State Senate from Washington County, serving four years, and at the session of 1822-28 was one of those who voted agamst the Convention resolution which had for its object to make Illinois a slave State. He subsequently removed to Iowa Territory, but died, in 1853, while visiting a son-in-law in Wisconsin.

BAPTISTS. The first Baptist minister to settle in Illinois was Elder James Smith, who located at New Design, in 1787. He was followed, about 1796-97, by Rev& David Badgley and Joseph Chance, who organized the first Baptist church within the limits of the State. Five churches, having four ministers and 111 members, formed an association in 1807. Several causes, among them a difference of views on the slavery question, resulted in the division of the denomination into factions. Of these perhaps the most numerous was the Regular (or Missionary) Baptists, at the head of which was Rev. John M. Peck, a resident of the State from 1822 until his death (1858). By 1835 the sect had grown, until it had some 250 churches, with about 7,500 members. These were under the ecclesiastical care of twenty-two Associations. Rev. Isaac McCoy, a Baptist Indian missionary, preached at Fort Dearborn on Oct. 9, 1825, and, eight years later. Rev. AUen B. Freeman organized the first Bc^itist society in what was then an infant settlement. By 1890 the number of Associations had grown to forty, with 1010 churches. 891 ministers and 88,884 members. A Baptist Theological Seminary was for some time supported at Morgan Pftrk, but, in 1895, was absorbed by the University of C^cago, becoming the divinity school of that institution. The chief organ of the denomination in Illinois is '*The Standard," published at C^cago.

BARBER, Hiram, was bom in Warren County, N. T., March 24, 1885. At 11 years of age he accompanied his family to Wisconsin, of which State he was a resident until 1866. After gradu* ating at the State University of Wisconsin, at Madison, he studied law at the Albany Law School, and was admitted to practice. After serving one term as District Attorney of his county in Wisconsin (1861-62), and Assistant Attorney-General of the State for 1865-66, in the latter year he came to Chicago and, in 1878, was elected to Congress by the Republicans of the old Second Illinois District. His home is in Chicago, where he holds the position of Master in Chancery of the Superior Court of Cook County.

BARCLAY, a village in Sangamon County, on the line of the Illinois Central Railroad, 9 miles northeast of the city of Springfield; in a coal-mining district. Population (1910), 252.

BARNSBACK, George Frederick Julias, pioneer, was bom in Germany, July 25, 1781 ; came to Philadelphia in 1797, and soon after to Kentucky, where he became an overseer; two or three years later visited his native country^ suf - f ering shipwreck en route in the English Channel ; returned to Kentucky in 1802, remaining until 1809, when he removed to what is now Madison (then a part of St. Clair) County, HI ; served in the War of 1812, farmed and raised stock until 1824, when, after a second visit to Germany, he bought a plantation in St. Francois County, Mo. Subsequently becoming disgusted with slavery, he manumitted his slaves and returned to Illinois, locating on a farm near EdwardsviUe, where he resided until his death in 1869. Mr. Bamsback served as Representative in the Fourteenth General Assembly (1844-46) and, after returning from Springfield, distributed his salary among the poor of Madison County. - Julius A. (Bamsback), his son, was bom in St. Francois County, Mo., May 14, 1826; in 1846 became a merchant at Troy, Madison County; was elected Sheriff in 1860; in 1864 entered the service as Captain of a Ck>mpany in the One Hundred and Fortieth Illinois Volunteers (100-days' men); also served as a member o£ the Twenty-fourth (3^neral Assembly (1865).

Historical Encyclopedu Of Illinois

BASNUM, William H., lawyer and ex-Judge» was bom in Onondaga County, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1840. When he was but two years old his family removed to St. Clair County, IlL, where he passed his boyhood and youth. His preliminary education was obtained at Belleville, IR, Ypsilanti, Mich., and at the Michigan State University at Ann Arbor. After leaving the institution last named at the end of the sophomore year, he taught school at Belleville, still pursuing his classical studies. In 1862 he was admitted to the bar at Belleville, and soon afterward opened an office at Chester, where, for a time, he held the office of Master in Chancery. He removed to Chicago in 1867, and, in 1879, was elevated to the bench of the Cook County Circuit Court. At the expiration of his term he resumed private practice.

BABBERE, GraiiTilley was bom in Highland County, Ohio. After attending the common schools, he acquired a higher education at Augusta, Ky., and Marietta, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in his native State, but began the practice of law in Fulton County, HI., in 1856. In 1872 he received the Republican nomination for Congress and was elected, representing his district from 1878 to 1875, at the conclusion of his term retiring to private life. Died at Canton, HL, Jan. 18, 1889.

BABBINGTON, a village located on the northem border of Cook County, and partly in Lake, at the intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern and the Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway, 82 miles northwest of Chicago. It has banks, a local paper, several cheese factories and a milk-bottling plant. Pop. (1890), 848; (1900), 1,162; (1910), 1,444.

BABBOWS^ John Henry, D. D., clergyman and educator, was bom at Medina, Mich., July 11, 1847; graduated at Mount Olivet College in 1867, and studied theology at Yale, Union and Andover Seminaries. In 1869 he went to Kansas, where he spent two and a half years in missionary and educational work. He then (in 1872) accepted a call t6 the First (Congregational Crhuroh at Springfield, HI, where he remained a year, after which he gave a year to foreign travel, visiting Europe, Egypt and Palestine, during a part of the time supplying the American chapel in Paris. On his return to the United States he spent six years in pastoral work at Lawrence and East Boston, Mass., when (in November, 1881) he assumed the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago. Dr. Barrows achieved a world-wide celebrity by his services as Chairman of the "Parliament of Religions," a branch of the "World's Congress Auxiliary,'* held during the

World*s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. Later, he was appointed Professorial Lecturer on Comparative Religions, under lectureships in connection with the University of C^cago endowed by Mrs. Caroline E. HaskelL One of these, established in Dr. Barrows' name, contemplated a series of lectures in India, to be delivered on alternate years with a similar course at the University. Courses were delivered at the University in 1895-96, and, in order to carry out the purposes of the foreign lectureship, Dr. Barrows found it necessary to resign his pastorate, which he did in the spring of 1896. After spending the summer in Germany, the regular itinerary of the roimdthe- world tour began at London in the latter part of November, 1896, ending with his return to the United States by way of San Francisco in May, 1897. Dr. Barrows was accompanied by a party of personal friends from Chicago and elsewhere, the tour embracing visits to the principal cities of Southern Europe, Egypt, Palestine, China and Japan, with a somewhat protracted stay in India during the winter of 1896-97. After his return to the United States he lectured at the University of Chicago and in many of the principal cities of the country, on the moral and religious condition of Oriental nations, but, in 1898, was offered the Presidency of Oberlin College, Ohio, which he accepted, entering upon his duties early in 1899. Died June 3, 1902.

BARBT^ a city in Pike County, founded in 1836, on the Wabash Raihoad, 18 miles east c^ Hannibal, Mo., and 30 miles southeast of Quincy. The surroimding coimtry is agricultural. The city contains flouring miUs, pork-packing plant* a large creamery; also has two local papers, two banks, three churches and a high school, besides schools of lower grade. Population (1890), 1,354; (1900), 1,643; (1910), 1,647.

BABTLETT, Adolphns Glay^ merchant, was bom of Revolutionary ancestry at Stratford, Fulton County, N. Y., June 22, 1844; was educated in the common schools and at Danville Academy and Clinton Liberal Institute, N. T., and, coming to Chicago in 1868, entered into the employment of the hardware firm of Tuttle, Hibbard & Co., now Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co., of which, a few years later, he became a partner, and later Vice-President of the Company. Mr. Bartlett has also been a Trustee of Beloit College, President of the Chicago Home for the Friendless and a Director of the Chicago & Alton Railroad and the Metropolitan National Bank, besides being identified with various other business and benevolent associations.

BASCOM5 (BeT.) FlaTel, D. D., clergyman, was bom at Lebanon, Ck)nn., June 8, 1804; spent his boyhood on a farm until 17 years of a^, meanwhile attending the common schools; prepared for college under a private tutor, and, in 1824, entered Yale College, graduating in 1828. After a year as Principal of the Academy at New Canaan, Conn., he entered upon the study of theology at Yale, was licensed to preach in 1881 and, for the next two years, served as a tutor in the literary department of the college. Then coming to Illinois (1888), he cast his lot with the -*Yale Band," organized at Yale College a few years previous; spent five years in missionary work in Tazewell County and two years in Northern Illinois as Agent of the Home Missionary Society, exploring new settlements, founding churches and introducing missionaries to new fields of labor. In 1889 he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, remaining until 1849, when he assumed the pastorship of the First Presbyterian Church at Galesburg, this relation continuing until 1856. Then, after a year's service as the Agent of the American Missionary Association of the Congregational Church, he accepted a call to the Congregational Church at Princeton, where he remained until 1869, when he took charge of the Congregational Church at Hinsdale. From 1878 he served for a considerable period as a member of the Executive Committee of the Illinois Home Missionary Society; was also prominent in educational work, being one of the founders and, for over twenty-five years, an officer of the Chicago Theological Seminary, a Trustee of Knox College and one of the founders and a Trustee of Beloit College, Wis., from which he received the degree of D. D. in 1869. Dr. Bascom died at Princeton, 111., August 8, 1890.

BATAYIA, a city in Kane County, on Fox River and branch lines of the Chicago & Northwestern and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 85 miles west of Chicago; has water power and several prosperous manufacturing establishments employing over 1,000 operatives. The city has fine water- works supplied from an artesian well, electric lighting plant, electric street car lines with interurban connections, two weekly papers, eight churches, two public schools, and private hospital for insane women. Population (1900), 3,871; (1910), 4,436.

BATEMA9, Newton^ A. M., LLD., educator and Editor-in-Chief of the "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois," was bom at Fairfield, N. J., July 27, 1822, of mixed English and Scotch ancestry ; was brought by his parents to Illinois in 1888; in his youth enjoyed only limited educational advantages, but graduated from Ulinois College at Jacksonville in 1843, supporting himself during his college course wholly by his own labor. Having contemplated entering the Christian ministry, he spent the following year at Liane Theological Seminary, but was compelled to withdraw on account of failing health, when he gave a year to travel He then entered upon his life-work as a teacher by engaging as Principal of an English and Classical School in St. Louis, remaining there two years, when he accepted the Professorship of Mathematics in St. Charles College, at St. Charles, Mo., continuing in that position four years (1847-51). Returning to Jacksonville, ni., in the latter year, he assumed the principalship of the main public school of that city. Here he remained s^ven years, during four of them discharging the duties of County Superintendent of Schools for Morgan County. In the fall of 1857 he became Principal of Jacksonville Female Academy, but the foUdwing year was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction, having been nominated for the office by the Republican State Convention of 1858, which put Abraham Lincoln in nomination for the United States Senate. By successive re-elections he continued in this office fourteen years, serving continuously from 1859 to 1875, except two years (1868-65), as the result of his defeat for re-election in 1862. He was also endorsed for the same office by the State Teachers' Association in 1856, but was not formally nominated by a State Convention. During his incumbency the Illinois common school system was developed and brought to the state of efficiency which it has so well maintained. He also prepared some seven volumes of biennial reports, portions of which have been republished in five different languages of Europe* besides a volume of ''Common School Decisions," originally published by authority of the General Assembly, and of which several editions have since been issued. This volume has been recognized by the courts, and is still regarded as authoritative on the subjects to which it relates. In addition to his official duties during a part of this period, for three years he served as editor of "The Illinois Teacher,** and was one of a committee of three which prepared the bill adopted by Congress creating the National Bureau of Education. Occupying a room in the old State Capitol at Springfield adjoining that used as an office by Abraham Lincoln during the first candidacy of the latter for the Presidency, in 1860, a close intimacy sprang up between the two men, which enabled the **School-ma8ter," as Mr. Lincoln playfully called the Doctor, to acquire an insight into the character of the future emancipator of a race, enjoyed by few men of that time, and of which he gave evidence by his lectures full of interesting reminiscence and eloquent appreciation of the high character of the "Martyr President." A few months after his retirement from the State Superintendency (1875), Dr. Bateman was offered and accepted the Presidency of Knox College at Qalesburg, remaining until 1893, when he voluntarily tendered his resignation. This, after having been repeatedly urged upon the Board, was finally accepted; but that body immediately, and by unanimous vote, appointed him President Emeritus and Professor of Mental and Moral Science, under which he continued to discharge his duties as a special lecturer as his health enabled him to do so. During his incumbency as President of Knox College, he twice received a tender of the Presidency of Iowa State University and the Chancellorship of two other important State institutions. He also served, by appointment of successive Governors between 1877 and 1891, as a member of the State Board of Health, for four years of this period being President of the Board. In February, 1878, Dr. Bateman, imexpectedly and without solicitation on his part, received from President Hayes an appointment as *' Assay Commissioner" to examine and test the fineness and weight of United States coins, in accordance with the provisions of the act of Congress of June 22, 1874, and discharged the duties assigned at the mint in Philadelphia. Never of a very strong physique, which was rather weakened by his privations while a student and his many years of close confinement to mental labor, towards the close of his life Dr. Bateman suffered much from a chest trouble which finally developed into * 'angina pectoris," or heart disease, from which, as the result of a most painful attack, he died at his home in Oalesburg, Oct. 21, 1897. The event produced the most profound sorrow, not only among his associates in the Faculty and among the students of Elnox College, but a large number of friends throughout the State, who had known him officially or personally, and had learned to admire his many noble and beautiful traits of character. His funeral, which occurred at Galesburg on Oct. 25, called out an immense concourse of sorrowing friends. Almost the last labors performed by Dr. Bateman were in the revision of matter for this volume, in which he manifested the deepest interest from the time of his assumption of the duties of its Editor-in-Chief. At the time of his death he had the satisfaction of knowing that his work in this field was practically complete. Dr. Bateman had been twice married, first in 1850 to Miss Sarah Dayton of Jacksonville, who died in 1857, and a second time in October, 1859, to Miss Annie N. Tyler, of Massachusetts (but for some time a teacher in Jacksonville Female Academy), who died. May 28, 1878. - Clifford Bash (Bateman), a son of Dr. Bateman by his first marriage, was bom at Jacksonville, March 7, 1854, graduated at Amherst College and later from the law department of Columbia College, New York, afterwards prosecuting his studies at Berlin, Heidelberg and Paris, finaUy becoming Professor of Administrative Law and Government in Columbia College - a position especially created for him. He had filled this position a little over one year when his career - which was one of great promise - was cut short by death, Feb. 6, 1888. Three daughters of Dr. Bateman survive - all the wives of clergymen. - ^P. S.

BATES9 Clara Doty, author, was bom at Ann Arbor, Mich., Dec. 22, 1888; published her first book in 1868; the next year married Morgan Bates, a Chicago publisher; wrote much for juvenile periodicals, besides stories and poems, some of the most popular among the latter being "Blind Jakey" (1868) and "iEsop's Fables'' in verse (1873). She was the collector of a model library for children, for the World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. Died in Chicago, Oct. 14, 1895.

BATES, Erastns Newton, soldier and State Treasiirer, was bom at Plainfield, Mass., Feb. 29, 1828, being descended from Pilgrims of the Mayfiower. When 8 years of age he was brought by his father to Ohio, where the latter soon afterward died. For several years he lived with an uncle, preparing himself for college and earning money by teaching and manual labor. He graduated from Williams College, Mass., in 1853, and commenced the study of law in New York City, but later removed to Minnesota, where he served as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1856 and was elected to the State Senate in 1857. In 1859 he removed to Centralia, 111., and commenced practice there in August, 1862; was commissioned Major of the Eightieth Illinois Volunteers, being successively promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, and finally brevetted Brigadier-OeneraL For fifteen months he was a prisoner of war, escaping from Libby Prison only to be recaptured and later exjKtsed to the fire of the Union batteries at Mor- rto Island, Charleston harbor. In 1866 he was elected to the Legislature, and, in 1868, State Treasurer, being reelected to the latter office under the new Constitution of 1870, and serving until January, 1878. Died at Minneapolis, Minn., May 29, 1898, and was buried at Springfield.

BATES5 George G^ lawyer and politician, was bom in Canandaigua, N. Y., and removed to Michigan in 1834; in 1849 was appointed United States District Attorney for that State, but removed to California in 1850, where he became a member of the celebrated ''Vigilance Committee*' at San Francisco, and, in 1856, delivered the first Republican speech there. From 1861 to 1871, he practiced law in Chicago; the latter year was appointed District Attorney for Utah, serving two years, in 1878 removing to Denver, Colo., where he died, Feb. 11, 1886. Mr. Bates was an orator of much reputation, and was selected to express the thanks of the citizens of Chicago to Qea. B. J. Sweet, commandant of Camp Douglas, after the detection and defeat of the Camp Douglas conspiracy in November, 1864 - a duty which he performed in an address of great eloquence. At an early day he married the widow of Dr. Alexander Wolcott, for a number of years previous to 1830 Indian Agent at Chicago, his wife being a daughter of John Kinzie, the first white settler of Chicago.

BATLIS9 a corporate village of Pike County, on the main line of the Wabash Railway, 40 miles southeast of Quincy; has one newspaper and wagon factory. Pop. (1900), 340; (1910), 386.

BAYLISS9 Alft^, Superintendent of Public Instruction, was bom about 1846, served as a private in the First Michigan Cavalry the last two years of the Civil War, and graduated from Hillsdale College (Mich.), in 1870, supporting himself during his college course by work upon a farm and teaching. After serving three years as County Superintendent of Schools in La Grange County, Ind., in 1874 he came to Illinois and entered upon the vocation of a teacher in the northern part of the State. He served for some time as Superintendent of Schools for the city of Sterling, afterwards served as Principal of the Township High School imtil 1898, when he was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction and re-elected in 1902, serving two consecutive terms. On retirement from the Superintendent's office in

BEARD, Thomas, pioneer and founder of the city of Beardstown, HL, was bom in Granville, Washington County, N. Y., in 1795, taken to Northeastern Ohio in 1800, and, in 1818, removed to Illinois, living for a time about Edwardsville and Alton. In 1820 he went to the locality of the present city of Beardstown, and later esteblished there the first ferry across the Illinois River. In 1827, in conjunction with Enoch March of Moi^an County, he entered the land on which Beardstown was platted in 1829. Died, at Beardstown, in November, 1849.

BEARDSTOWN, a city in Cass County, on the Illinois River, being the intersecting point for the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railways, and the northwestern terminus of the former. It is 111 miles north of St Louis and 90 miles south of Peoria. Thomas Beard, for whom the town was named, settled here about 1820 and soon afterwards established the first ferry across the Illinois River. In 1827 the land was patented by Beard and Enoch March, and the tovni platted, and, during the Black Hawk War of 1832, it became a principal base of supplies for the Illinois volunteers. The city has six churches and five schools (including a high school), three banks and daily and weekly newspapers. Several branches of manufacturing are carried on here - flouring and saw mills, cooperage works, extensive fishing and packing interests, two button factories, one shoe factory and large machine shops. The river is spanned here by a fine railroad bridge, costing some $300,000, and a steel wagon bridge. Pop. (1900), 4,827; (1910), 6,107.

BEAUBIEN, Jean Baptiste, the second peii* manent settler on the site of Chicago, was bom at Detroit in 1780, became clerk of a fur-trader oil Grand River, married an Ottewa woman for hiB first wife, and, in 1800, had a trading-post at Mil* waukee, which he maintained imtil 1818. Ho visited Chicago as early as 1804, bought a cabia there soon after the Fort Dearborn massacre o£ 1812, married the daughter of Francis La Framf> boise, a French trader, and, in 1818, became agent of the American Fur Company, having charge of trading poeto at Mackinaw and else* where. After 1828 he occupied the building known as ''the factory," just outside of Fort Dear« bom, which had belonged te the Government, but removed te a farm on the Des Plaines in 1840. Out of the ownership of this building grew his claim to the right, in 1885, to enter seventy-five acres of land belonging to the Fort Dearborn reservation. The claim was allowed by the Land Office officials and sustained lij the State courts, but disallowed by the Supreme Court of the United States after long litigation. An attempt was made to reviTe this claim in Congress in 1878, but it was reported upon adversely by a Senate Committee of which the late Senator Thomas F. Bayard was chairman. Mr. Beaubien was evidently a man of no little prominence in his day. He led a company of Chicago citizens to the Black Hawk War in 1832, was appointed by the Governor the first Colonel of Militia for Cook County, and, in 1850, was commissioned Brigadier-GeneraL In 1858 he removed to Nashville, Tenn., and died there, Jan. 5, 1868. - Mark (Beaubien), a younger brother of Gen. Beaubien, was bom in Detroit in 1800, came to Chicago in 1836, and bought a log house of James Kinzie, in which he kept a hotel for some time. Later, he erected the first frame building in Chicago, which was known as the ''Sauganash,'* and in which he kept a hotel imtil 1884. He also engaged in merchandising, but was not successful, ran the first ferry across the South Branch of the Chicago River, and served for many years as lighthouse keeper at Chicago. About 1884 the Indians transferred to him a reservation of 640 acres of land on the Calumet, for which, some forty years afterwards, he received a patent which had been signed by Martin Van Buren - he having previously been ignorant of its existence. He was married twice and had a family of twenty -two children. Died, at Kankakee, HI, April 16, 1881. - ^Madore B. (Beaubien), the second son of General Beaubien by his Indian wife, was bom on Grand River in Michigan, July 15, 1809, joined his father in Chicago, was educated in a Baptist Mission School where Niles, Mich., now stands; was licensed as a merchant in C!hicago in 1881, but failed as a business man; served as Second Lieutenant of the Naperville Company in the Black Hawk War, and later was First Lieutenant of a Chicago Company. His first wife was a white woman, from whom he separated, afterwards marrying an Indian woman. He left Illinois with the Pottawatomies in 1840, resided at Council Bluffs and, later, in Kansas, being for many years the official interpreter of the tribe and, for some time, one of six Commissioners employed by the Indians to look after their affairs with the United States Government. - Alexander (Beaubien), son of General Beaubien by his white wife, was born in one of the buildings belonging to Fort Dearborn, Jan. 28,

1822. In 1840 he accompanied his father to his farm on the Des Plaines, but returned to Chicago in 1862, and for years past has been employed on the Chicago police force.

BEBB, William, Govemor of Ohio, was bom in Hamilton County in that State in 1802 ; taught school at North Bend, the home of William Henry Harrison, studied law and practiced at Hamilton; served as Govemor of Ohio, 1846-48; later led a Welsh colony to Tennessee, but left at the outbreak of the Civil War, removing to Winnebitgo County, IlL, where he had purchased a large body of land. He was a man of uncompromising loyalty and high principle; served as Elxaminer of Pensions by appointment of President Lincoln and, in 1868, took a prominent part in the campaign which resulted in Grant's first election to the Presidency. Died at Bockford, Oct. 28, 1878. A daughter of Govemor Bebb married Hon. John P. Reynolds, for many years the Secretary of the Illinois State Agricultural Society, and» during the"" World's Columbian Exposition, Director-in-Chief of the Illinois Board of World's Fair Commissioners.

BECKER, Charles St. N., ex-State Treasurer, was bom in Germany, June 14, 1840, and brought to this country by his parents at the age of 11 years, the family settling in St. Clair County, 111. Early in the Civil War he enlisted in the Twelfth Missouri regiment, and, at the battle of Pea Ridge, was so severely wounded that it was found necessary to amputate one of ^ his legs. In 1866 he was elected Sheriff of St. Clair County, and, from 1872 to 1880, he served as clerk of the St. Clair Circuit Coiurt. He also served several terms as a City Councilman of Belleville. In 1888 he was elected State Treasurer on the Republican ticket. Died Jan. 2, 1908.

BECKWITH, Corydon^ lawyer and jurist, was bom in Vermont in 1828, and educated at Providence, R. I., and Wrentham, Mass. He read law and was admitted to the bar in St. Albans, Vt., where he practiced for two years. In 1858 he removed to Chicago, and, in January, 1864, was appointed by Govemor Yates a Justice of the Supreme Court, to fill the five remaining months of the unexpired term of Judge Caton, who had resigned. On retiring from the bench he resumed private practice. Died, August 18, 1890.

BECKWITH, Hiram Williams, lawyer and author, was bom at Danville, 111., March 5, 1888. Mr. Beckwith's father, Dan W. Beckwith, a pioneer settler of Eastern Illinois and one of the founders of the city of Danville, was a native of Wyalusing, Pa., where he was bora about 1789, his mother being, in her girlhood. Hftnnah York, one of the survivors of the famous Wyoming massacre of 1778. In 1817, the senior Beckwith, in company with his brother George, descended the Ohio River, afterwards ascending the Wabash to where Terre Haute now stands, but finally locating in what is now a part of Edgar County, IlL A year later he removed to the vicinity of the present site of the city of Danville. Having been employed for a time in a surveyor's corps, he finally became a surveyor himself, and, on the organization of Vermilion County, served for a time as County Surveyor by appointment of the Governor, and was also employed by the General Government in surveying lands in the eastern part of the State, some of the Indian reservations in that section of the Stote being set off by him. In connection with Guy W. Smith, then Receiver of Public Moneys in the Land Office at Palestine, HI, he donated the ground on which the county-seat of Vermilion County was located, and it took the name of Danville from his first name - ''Dan." In 1880 he was elected Representative in the State Legislature for the District composed of Clark, Edgar, and Vermilion Counties, then including all that section of the State between Crawford County and the Kankakee River. He died in 1835. mi-miw, the subject of this sketch, thus left fatherless at less than three years of age, received only such education as was afforded in the common schools of that period. Nevertheless, he began the study of law in the Danville office of Lincoln & Lamon, and was admitted to practice in 1854, about the time of reaching his majority. He continued in their office and, on the removal of Lamon to Bloomington in 1850, he succeeded to the business of the firm at Danville. Mr. Lamon - ^who, on Mr. Lincoln's accession to the Presidency in 1861, became Marshal of the District of Columbia - was distantly related to Mr. Beckwith by a second marriage of the mother of the latter. While engaged in the practice of his profession, Mr. Beckwith was for over thirty years a zealous collector of records and other material bearing upon the early history of Illinois and the Northwest, probably becoming the owner of one of the most complete and valuable collections of Americana in Illinois; was also the author of several monographs on historic themes, including "The Winnebago War," **The Illinois and Indiana Indians," and "Historic Notes of the Northwest," published in the "Fergus Series.'* besides having edited an edition of "Reynolds' History of Illinois" (published by the same firm), which he had enriched by the addition of valuable notes. During 1895-96 he contributed a series of valuable articles to "The Chicago Tribime" on various features of early Illinois and Northwest history. In 1890 he was appointed by Governor Fifer a member of the first Board of Trustees of the Illinois State Historical Library, serving until the expiration of his term in 1894, and was re-appointed to the same position by (Governor Tanner in 1897, in each case being chosen President of the Board." Died Dec. 22, 1903. BEEGHEB^ Charles A., attorney and railway solicitor, was bom in Herkimer County, N. Y., August 27, 1829, but, in 1836, removed with his family to Licking Coimty, Ohio, where he lived upon a farm until he reached the age of 18 years. Having taken a course in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, in 1854 he removed to Illinois, locating at Fairfield, Wayne Coimty, and began the study of law in the office of his brother, Edwin Beecher, being admitted to practice in 1855. In 1867 he united with others in the organization of the Illinois Southeastern Railroad projected from Shawneetown to Eklgewood on the Illinois Central in Effingham County. This enterprise was consolidated, a year or two later, with the Pana, Springfield & Northwestem, taking the name of the Springfield & Illinois Southeastern, under which name it was constructed and opened for traffic in 1871. (This line - which Mr. Beecher served for some time as Vice-President - now constitutes the Beardstown & Shawneetown Division of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern.) The Springfield & Illinois Southeastern Company having fallen into financial difficulty in 1873, Mr. Beecher was appointed receiver of the road, and, for a time, had control of its operation as agent for the bondholders. In 1875 the line was conveyed to the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad (now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio), when Mr. Beecher became General Counsel of the controlling corporation, so remaining until 1888. From that date he continued to be one of the assistant counsel of the Baltimore & Ohio system. His later home was in Cincinnati, althoiigh for over a quarter of a century he had been prominently identified with one of the most important railway enterprises in Southern Illinois. In politics Mr. Beecher had always been a Republican, and was one of the few in Wayne County who voted for Fremont in 1856, and for Lincoln in 1860. He was also a member of the Republican State Central Committee of Illinois from 1860 for a period of ten or twelve years. Died April 11, 1904.

BEECHEB, Edwirdy D. D., clergyman and educator, was bom at East Hampton, L. L, August 27, 1808 - the son of Rev. Lyman Beecher and the elder brother of Henry Ward; graduated at Yale College in 1822, taught for over a year at Hartford, Conn., studied theology, and after a year's service as tutor in Yale Ck>llege, in 1826 was ordained pastor of the Park Street Congregational Church in Boston. In 1880 he became President of Illinois College at Jacksonville, remaining until 1844, when he resigned and returned to Boston, serving as pastor of the Salem Street Church in that city until 1856, also acting as senior editor of "The Congregationalism' for four years. In 1856 he returned to Illinois as pastor of the First Congregational Church at Galesburg, continuing until 1871, when he removed to Brooklyn, where he resided without pastoral charge, except 1885- 89, when he was pastor of the Parkville Congregational Church. While President of Illinois College, that institution was exposed to much hostile criticism on acooimt of his outspoken opposition to slavery, as shown by his participation in founding the first Illinois State Anti- Slavery Society and his eloquent denunciation of the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy. Next to his brother Henry Ward, he was probably the most powerful orator belonging to that gifted family, and, in connection with his able associates in the facidty of the Illinois College, assisted to give that institution a wide reputation as a nursery of independent thought. Up to a short time before his death, he was a prolific writer, his productions (besides editorials, reviews and contributions on a variety of subjects) including nine or ten volumes, of which the most important are: "Statement of Anti-Slavery Principles and Address to the People of Illinois" (1887); "A Plea for Illinois College"; ''History of the Alton Riots" (1838); "The Concord of Ages" (1858); "T>e Conflict of Ages" (1854); "Papal Conspiracy Exposed" (1854), besides a number of others invariably on religious or anti-slavery topics. Died in Brooklyn, July 28, 1895.

BEEGHEBy William H«, clergyman - oldest son of Rev. Lyman Beecher and brother of Edward and Henry Ward - was bom at East Hampton, N. T., educated at home and at Andover, became a Congregationalist clergyman, occupying pulpits at Newport, R. L, Batavia, N. T., and Cleveland, Ohio; came to Chicago in his later years, dying at the home of his daughters in that city, June 28, 1889.

Episcopal preacher, was bom in Buckingham County, Va., Bfaroh 80, 1801. His father, who was opposed to slavery, moved to Kentucky in 1805, but remained there only two years, when he removed to Clark County, Ind. The son enjoyed but poor educational advantages here, obtaining his education chiefly by his own efforts in what he called "Brush College." At the age of 21 he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, during the next ten years traveling different circuits in Indiana. In 1881 he was appointed to Chicago, but the Black Hawk War coming on immediately thereafter, he retired to Plainfield. Later he traveled various circuits in Illinois, until 1868, when he was superannuated, occupying his time thereafter in writing reminiscences of his early history. A volume of this character published by him, was entitled "Pages from the Early History of the West and Northwest." He died at Plainfield, la, Sept. 9, 1895, in the 95th year of his age.

BEIDLEB9 Henry^ early settler, was bom of (German extraction in Bucks County, Pa., Nov. 27, 1812; came to Illinois in 1848, settling first at Springfield, where he carried on the grocery business for five years, then removed to Chicago and engaged in the lumber trade in connection with a brother, aftervrards carrying on a large lumber manufacturing business at Muskegon, Mich., which proved very profitable. In 1871 Mr. Beidler retired from the lumber trade, investing largely in west side real estate in the city of Chicago, which appreciated rapidly in value, making him one of the most wealthy real estate owners in Chicago. Died, March 16, 1898. - Jaeob (Beidler), brother of the preceding, was bom in Bucks County, Penn., in 1815; came west in 1842, first began working as a carpenter, but later engaged in the grocery business with his brother at Springfield, 111.; in 1844 removed to Chicago, where he was joined by his brother four years later, when they engaged largely in the lumber trade. Mr. Beidler retired from business in 1891, devoting his attention to large real estate investments. He was a liberal contributor to religious, educational and benevolent institutions. Died in Chicago, March 15, 1898.

BELFIELD, Henry Holmes, educator, was bom in Philadelphia, Nov. 17, 1887; was educated at an Iowa College, and for a time was tutor in the same ; during the War of the Rebellion served in the army of the Cumberland, first as Lieutenant and afterwards as Adjutant of the Eighth Iowa Cavalry, still later being upon the staff of Gen. E. M. McCook, and taking part in the

Atlanta and Nashville campaigns. While a prisoner in the hands of the rebels he was plaoed under fire of the Union batteries at Charleston. Coming to Chicago in 1866, he served as Principal in various public schools, including the North Division High School. He was one of the earliest advocates of manual training, and, on the establishment of the Chicago Manual Training School in 1884, was appointed its Director - a position which he has continued to occupy. During 1891-92 he made a trip to Europe by appointment of the Oovemment, to investigate the school systems in European countries.

BELKNAP, Hugh Reid, ex-Member of Congress, was bom in Keokuk, Iowa, Sept. 1, 1860, being the son of W. W. Belknap, for some time Secretary of War under President Grant. After attending the public .schools of his native city, he took a course at Adams Academy, Quincy, Mass., and at Phillips Academy, Andover, when he entered the service of the Baltimore & Ohio Railrocui, where he remained twelve years in various departments, finally becoming Chief Clerk of the General Manager. In 1892 he retired from this position to become Superintendent of the South Side Elevated Railroad of Chicago. He never held any political position until nominated (1894) as a Republican for the Fifty-fourth Congress, in the strongly Democratic Third District of Chicago. Although the returns showed a plurality of thirty -one votes for his Democratic opponent (Lawrence McGann), a recount proved him elected, when, Mr. McGann having voluntarily withdrawn, Mr. Belknap was unanimously awarded the seat. In 1896 he was re-elected from a District usually strongly Democratic, receiving a plurality of 690 votes, but was defeated by his Democratic opponent in 1898, retiring from Congress, March 8, 1899, when he received an appointment as Paymaster in the Army from President McKinley, with the rank of Major.

BELL, Robert, lawyer, was bom in Lawrence Ck>unty, IlL, in 18^, educated at Mount Carmel and Indiana State University at Bloomington, graduating from the law department of the latter in 1855; while yet in his minority edited **The Mount Carmel Register," during 1851-52 becoming joint owner and editor of the same with his brother, Victor D. Bell. After graduation he qpened an office at Fairfield, Wayne County, but, in 1857, returned to Mount Carmel and from 1864 was the partner of Judge E. B. Green, until the appointment of the latter Chief Justice of Oklahoma by President Harrison in 189a In 1869 Mr. Bell was appointed County

Judge of Lawrence Ck>\mty, being elected to the same office in 1894. He was also President of the Illinois Southern Railroad Ck)mpany until it was merged into the Cairo & Vincennes Road in 1867; later became President of the St Louis & Mt. (!!armel Railroad, now a part of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis line, and secured the construction of the division from Princeton, Ind., to Albion, IlL In 1876 he visited California as Special Agent of the Treasury Department to investigate' alleged frauds in the Revenue Districts on the Pacific Ck)a8t; in 1878 was an unsuccessful candidate for (Ik>ngre8S on the Republican ticket in the strong Democratic Nineteenth District; was appointed, the same year, a member of the Republican State (Central Ck>mmittee for the State-at-Iarge, and, in 1881, officiated by appointment of President Garfield, as (Ik>mmissioner to examine a section of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad in New Mexico. Judge Bell is a gifted stump-speaker and is known in the southeastern part of the State as the "Silver-tongued Orator of the Wabash."

BELLEYILLE, the county-seat of St. Clair County, a city and railroad center, 14 miles south of east from St. Louis. It is one of the oldest towns in the State, having been selected as the county-seat in 1814 and platted in 1815. It lies in the center of a rich agricultural and coal-bearing district and contains numerous factories, including agricultural implements, flouring mills, a nail mill, glass works and shoe factories. It has five newspaper establishments, of which four issue both daily and weekly editions. Its commercial and educational facilities are exceptionally good. Its population is largely of German descent. Population (1890), 15,361; (1900), 17,484, (1910), 21,122 BELLEVILLE, GENTBALlA & EASTEBIf RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville A St Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.)

Belleville & Carondelet Railroad

BELLEVILLE & CARONDELET RAILROAD, a short line of road extending from Belleville to East Carondelet, 111. , 17. 8 miles. It was chartered Feb. 20, 1881, and leased to the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company, June 1, 1888. The annual rental is $80,000, a sum equivalent to the interest on the bonded debt. The capital stock (1895) is $500,000 and the bonded debt $485,- 000. In addition to these sums the fioating debt swells the entire capitalization to $995,054 or $57,- 817 per mile.

Belleville & Eldorado Railroad

BELLEVILLE & ELDORADO RAILROAD, a road 50.4 miles in length running from Belleville to Duquoin, IlL It was chartered Feb. 22, 1861, and completed Oct. 81, 1871. On July 1,

1880, it was leased to the St Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company for 486 years, and has since been operated by that corporation in connection with its Belleville branch, from East St. Louis to Belleville. At Eldorado the road intersects the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad and the Shawneetown branch of the St. Louis & Southeastern Railroad, operated by the Louisville & Npshville Railroad Company. Its capital stock (1896) is 11,000,000 and its bonded debt $550,000. The corporate office is at Belleville.

Belleyille A Illinoistown Railroad Belleyille A Southern Ilunois

BELLEYILLE A SOUTHERN ILUNOIS RAILROAD, a road (laid with steel rails) running from Belleville to Duquoin, IlL, 56.4 miles in length. It was chartered Feb. 15, 1857, and completed Dec. 15, 1873. At Duquoin it connects with the Illinois Central and forms a short line between St. Louis and Cairo. Oct. 1, 1866, it was leased to the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company for 999 years. The capital stock is 11,692,000 and the bonded debt $1,000,- 000. The corporate office is at Belleville.

Belt Railway Company Of Chicago

BELT RAILWAY COMPANY OF CHICAGO, THE, a corporation chartered, Nov. 22, 1882, and the lessee of the Belt Division of the Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad (which see). Its total trackage (all of standard gauge and laid with 66- pound steel rails) is 93.26 miles, distributed as follows: Auburn Junction to Chicago, Milwaukee & St PaulJunction, 15.9 miles; branches from Pullman Junction to Irondale, IlL, etc.,. 5.41 miles; second track, 14.1 miles; sidings, 57.85 miles. The cost of construction has been $524,549; capital stock, 11,200,000. It has no funded debt. The earnings for the year ending June 80, 1895, were $556,847, the operating expenses |878,012, 'and the taxes $51,009.

BELYIDERE^an incorporated city, the countyseat of Boone County, situated on the Kishwaukee River, and on two divisions of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, 78 miles west-northwest of Chicago and 14 miles east of Rockford ; is connected with the latter city by electric railroad. The city has twelve churches, five graded schools, and three banks (two national). One daily and one semi-weekly paper are published here. Belvidere also has very considerable manufacturing interests, including manufactories of sewing machines, bicycles, automobiles, besides a large

BEMENT, a village in Piatt County, at intersection of main line and Chicago Division of Wabash Railroad, and the 111. Traction System; 166 miles south-southwest of Chicago, in agricultural and stock-raising district; has three grain elevators, good system of water-works, eletrio-light plant, four churches, two banks and a weekly paper. Pop. (1900). 1.484; (1910), 1,530

BENJAMIN, Reaben Moore, lawyer, bom at Chatham Centre, Columbia County, N. Y., June 29, 1^ ; was educated at Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. ; spent one year in the law department of Harvard, another as tutor at Amherst and, in 1856, came to Bloomington, IlL, where, on an examination certificate furnished by Abraham Lincoln, he was licensed to practice. The first public office held by Mr.^ Benjamin was that of Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, in which he took a prominent part in shaping the provisions of the new Constitution relating to corporations. In 1878 he was chosen County Judge of McLean County, by repeated re-elections holding the position until 1886, when he resumed private practice. For more than twenty years he has been connected with the law department of Wesleyan University at Bloomington, a part of the time being Dean of the Faculty ; is also the author of several volumes of le^^ text-books.

BENNETT MEDICAL COLLEGE, an Eclectic Medical School of Chicago, incorporated by special charter and opened in the autunm of 1868. Its first sessions were held in two large rooms; its faculty consisted of seven professors, and there were thirty matriculates. More commodious quarters were secured the following year, and a still better home after the fire of 1871, in which all the college property was destroyed. Another change of location was made in 1874. In 1890 the property then owned was sold and a new college building, in connection with a hospital, erected in a more quiet quarter of the city. A free dispensary is conducted by the college. The teaching faculty (1896) consists of nineteen professors, with four assistants and demonstrators. Women are admitted as pupils on equal terms with men.

BENT, Charles, journalist, was bom in (Chicago, Dec. 8, 1844, but removed with his family, in 1856, to Morrison, Whiteside County, where, two years later, he became an apprentice to the printing business in the office of ''The Whiteside SentineL" In June, 1864, he enlisted as a soldier in the One Hundred and Fortieth Illinois (100- days* raiment) and» on the expiration of his term of service, re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty -seventh lUinois, heing mustered out at Savannah, Ga., in January, 1866, with the rank of Second Lieutenant. Then resuming his vocation as a printer, in July, 1867, he purchased the office of '*The Whiteside Sentinel,'* in which he learned his trade, and has since been the editor of that paper, except during 1877-70 while engaged in writing a "History of Whiteside Coimty." He is a charter member of the local Grand Army Post and served on the staff of the Department Commander; was Assistant Assessor of Internal Bevenue during 1870-78, and, in 1878, was elected as a Republican to the State Senate for Whiter side and OarroU Counties, serving four years. Other positions held by him include the office of City Alderman, member of the State Board of Canal Conmiissioners (1888-85) and Conmiissioner of the Joliet Penitentiary (1889-93), member of the Republican State Central Conmiittee and (1911) is serving as U. S. Pension Agent.

BENTON, county seat of Franklin County, on HI. Cent, and Chi. & E. HI. railroads; has electriclight plant, water-works, saddle and harness factory, two banks, two flouring mills, shale brick and tile works, extensive coal mines in vicinity; has two weekly papers. Pop. (1900), 1,341; (1910), 2,675.

BEBDAN, James, lawyer and County Judge, was bom in New York City, July 4, 1805, and educated at Columbia and Yale Colleges, graduating from the latter in the class of 1824. His father, James Berdan, Sr., came west in the fall of 1810 as one of the agents of a New York Emigration Society, and, in January, 1820, visited the vicinity of the present site of Jacksonville, HL, but died soon after his return, in part from exposure incurred during his long and arduous winter journey. Thirteen years later (1832) his son, the subject of this sketch, came to the same region, and Jacksonville became his home for the remainder of his life. Mr. Berdan was a wellread lawyer, as well as a man of high principle and sound culture, with pure literary and social tastes. Although possessing unusual capabilities, his refinement of character and dislike of ostentation made him seek rather the association and esteem of friends than public office. In 1849 he was elected County Judge of Morgan County, serving by a second election until 1857. lAter he was Secretary for several years of the Tonica ft Peteiipbturg Railroad (at that time in course of construction), serving until it was merged into the St. Louis, Jacksonville & Chicago Railroad, now constituting a part of the Jacksonville division of the Chicago & Alton Railroad; also served for many years as a Trustee of Illinois College. In the latter years of his life he was, for a considerable period, the law partner of ex-Qovemor and ex-Senator Richard Yates. Judge Berdan was the ardent political friend and admirer of Abraham Lincoln, as well as an intimate friend and frequent correspondent of the poet Longfellow, besides being the correspondent, during a long period of his life, of a number of other prominent literary men. Pierre Irving, the nephew and biographer of Washington Irving, was his brother-in-law through the marriage of a favorite sister. Judge Berdan died at Jacksonville, August 24, 1884

BERGEN, (Rev.) John G., pioneer clergyman, was bom at Hightstown, N. J., Nov. 27, 1790; studied theology, andf after two years' service as tutor at Princeton and sixteen years as pastor of a Presbyterian church at Madison, N. J., in 1828 came to Springfield, IlL, and assisted in the erection of the first Protestant church in the central part of the State, of which he remained pastor until 1848. Died, at Springfield, Jan. 17, 1872.

BERGOBENy Angnstns Yf., legislator, bom in Sweden, August 17, 1840; came to the United States at 16 years of age and located at Oneida, Knox County, 111., afterwards removing to Oalesburg; held various offices, including that of Sheriff of Kjiox County (1873-81), State Senator (1881-89) - serving as President pro tem. of the Senate 1887-89, and was Warden of the State penitentiary at Joliet, 1888-91. He was for many years the very able and efficient President of the Covenant Mutual Life Association of Illinois, and is now its Treasurer.

BEBGIEB, (Bey.) J, a secular priest, bom in France, and an early missionary in Illinois. He labored among the Tamaroas, being in charge of the mission at Cahokia from 1700 to his death in 1710. * BERRTy OiriUe F., lawyer and legislator, was bom in McDonough County, 111., Feb. 16, 1852; early left an orphan and, after working for some time on a farm, removed to Carthage, Hancock County, where he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1877; in 1888 was elected Mayor of Carthage and twice re-elected; was elected to the State Senate in 1888 and *92, and, in 1891, took a prominent part in securing the enactment of the compulsory education clause in the common school law. Mr. Berry presided over the Republican State Convention of 1896, the same year was a candidate for re-election to the State Senate, but the certificate was awarded to his Democratic competitor, who was declared elected by 164 plurality. On a contest before the Senate at the first session of the Fortieth Oeneral Assembly, the seat was awarded to Mr. Berry on the ground of illegality in the rulings of the Secretary of State affecting the vote of his opponent.