Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 17 of 26)

KELLOGG, Hiram Hantington, clergyman and educator, was bom at Clinton (then Whitestown), N. Y., in February, 1808. graduated at Hamilton College and Auburn Seminary, after which he served for some years as pastor at various |)laces in Central New York. Later, he established the Young Ladies' Domestic Seminary at Clinton, claimed to be the first ladies* seminary in the State, and the first experiment in the country uniting manual training of girls with scholastic instruction, antedating Mount Hoiyoke, Oberlin and other institutions which adopted this system. Color was no bar to admission to the institution, though the daughters of some of the wealthiest families of the State were among its pupils. Mr. Kellogg was a co-laborer with Gerritt Smith, Beriah Green, the Tappans, Garrison and others, in the effort to arouse public sentiment in opposition to slaveiy. In 1836 he imited * with Prof. George W. Gale and others in the movement for the establishment of a colony and the building up of a Christian and anti-slavery institution in the West, which resulted in the location of the town of Gtdesburg and the found, ing there of Knox College. Mr. Kellogg was chosen the first President of the institution and, in 1841, left his thriving school at Clinton to identify himself with the new enterprise, which, in its infancy, was a manual-labor school. In the West he soon became the ally and co-laborer of such men as Owen Lovejoy, Ichabod Codding, Dr. C. V. Dyer and others, in the work of extirpating slavery. In 1843 he visited England as a member of the World's Peace Convention, remaining abroad about a year, during which time he made the acquaintance of Jacob Bright and others of the most prominent men of that day in England and Scotland. Resigning the Presidency of Ejiox College in 1847, he returned to Clinton Seminary, and was later engaged in various business enterprises until 1861, when he again removed to Illinois, and was engaged in preaching' and teaching at various points during the remainder of his life, dying suddenly, at his home school at Mount Forest, III., Jan. 1, 1881.

KELLOGG^ William Pitt, was bom at Orwell, Vt., Dec. 8, 1831, removed to Illinois in 1848, studied law at Peoria, was admitted to the bar in 1854, and began practice in Fulton County. He was a candidate for Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket in 18.56 and 1860, being elected the latter year. Appointed Chief Justice of Nebraska in 1861, he resigned to accept the colonelcy of the Seventh Illinois Cavalry Failing health caused his retirement from the army-

1. - Old Kaskaskia from Garrison Hill (1893). 2. - Kaskaskia Hotel where LaFayette was feted in 1825. 3. - First Illinois State House, 1818. 4. - Interior of Room (1893)/ where LaFayette banquet was held 5. - Pierre Menaid Mans 'on. G. - House of Chief Ducoign, last of tl>e Cascasquias (Kaskaskias).

after the battle of Corinth. In 1865 he was appointed Collector of the Port at New Orleans. Thereafter he became a conspicuous figure in both Louisiana and National politics, serving as United States Senator from Louisiana from 1868 to 1871, and as Governor from 1872 to 1876, during the stormiest period of reconstruction, and making hosts of bitter personal and political enemies as well as warm friends. An unsuccessful attempt was made to impeach him in 1876. In 1877 he was elected a second time to the United States Senate bj one of two rival Legislatures, being awarded his seat after a bitter contest. At the close of his term (1888) he took his seat in the lower house to which he was elected in 1882, serving until 1885. While retaining his residence in Louisiana, Mr. Kellogg has spent much of his time of late years in Washington City.

KENDALL COUNTY, a northeastern county, with an area of 321 square miles and a population (1910) of 10,777. The surface is rolling and the soil fertile, although generally a light, sandy loam. The county was organized in 1841, out of parts of Kane and La Salle, and was named in honor of President Jackson's Postmaster-GeneraL The Fox River (running southwestwardly through the county), with its tributaries, affords ample drainage and considerable water power; the railroad facilities are admirablei; timber is abundant. Yorkville and Oswego have been rivals for the county-seat, the distinction finally resting with the former. Among the pioneers may be mentioned Messrs. John Wilson, Edward Ament, David Carpenter, Samuel Smith, the Wormley and Pierce brothers, and E. Morgan.

KENDRICK, Adin A., educator, was bom at Ticonderoga, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1836; educated at Granville Academy, N. Y., and Middlebury College; removed to Janesville, Wis., in 1857, studied law and began practice at Monroe, in that State, a year later removing to St. Louis, where he continued practice for a short time. Then, having abandoned the law, after a course in the Theological Seminary at Rochester, N. Y., in 1861 he became pastor of the North Baptist Church in Chicago, but, in 1865, removed to St. Louis, where he remained in i)astoral work until 1872, when he assumed the Presidency of Shurtleff 0>llege at Upper Alton, 111.

KENNET, a village and railway station in Dewitt County, at the intersection of the Springfield Division of the Illinois Central and the Peoria, Decatur & Evans ville Railroads, 36 miles northeast of Springfield. The town has two banks

KENT, (Rev.) Aratns, pioneer and Congregational missionary, was born in Suffield, Conn, in 1794, educated at Yale and Princeton and, in 1829, as a Congregational missionary^ came to the Galena lead mines - then esteemed '*a place so hard no one else would take it. *' In less than two years he had a Sunday-schoolwith ten teachers and sixty to ninety scholars, and had also established a day-school, which he conducted himself. In 1881 he organized the First Presbyterian Church of Galena, of which he remained pastor until 1848, when he became Agent of the Home Missionary Society. He was prominent in laying the foundations of Beloit College and Rockford Female Seminary, meanwhile contributing freely from his meager salary to charitable purposes. Died at Galena, Nov. 8, 1869.

KEOKUK, (interpretation, **The Watchful Fox"), a Chief of the Sacs and Foxes, bom on Rock River, about*1780. He had the credit of shrewdness and bravery, which enabled him finally to displace his rival. Black Hawk. He always professed ardent friendship for the whites, although this was not infrequently attributed to a far-seeing policy. He earnestly dissuaded Black Hawk from the formation of his confederacy, and when the latter was forced to surrender himself to the United States authorities, he was formally delivered to the custody of Keokuk. By the Rock Island treaty, of September, 1832, Keokuk was formally recognized as the principal Chief of the Sacs and Foxes, and granted a reservation on the Iowa River, 40 miles square. Here he lived until 1845, when he removed to Kansas, where, in June, 1848, he fell a victim to poison, supposedly administered by some partisan of Black Hawk. (See Black Hawk and Black Hawk War.)

KERFOOT, Samuel H., real-estate operator, was born in Lancaster, Pa., Dec. 18, 1823, and educated under the tutorship of Rev. Dr. Muhlenburg at St. Paul's College, Flushing, Long Island, graduating at the age of 19. He was then associated with a brother in founding St. James College, in Washington County, Md., but, in 1848, removed to Chicago and engaged in the real-estate business, in which he was one of the oldest operators at the time of his death, Dec. 28, 1896. He was one of the founders and a life member of the Chicago Historical Society and of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, and associated with other learned and social organizations. He was also a member of the original Real Estate

KEWAIfEE,a city in Henry County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 181 miles southwest of Chicago. Agriculture and coal-mining are chief industries of the surrounding country. The city contains eighteen churches, six graded schools, a public library of 10,000 volumes, three national banks, one weekly and two daily papers. It has extensive manufactories employing four to five thousand hands, the output including tubing and soil-pipe, boilers, pumps and heating apparatus, agricultural implements, etc. Population (1890), 4,569; (1900), 8,382; (1910), 9,307.

KETES5 WiUardy pioneer, was bom at Newfane, Windsor County. Vt., Oct. 28, 1792; spent his early life on a farm, enjoying only such educational advantages as could be secured by a few months' attendance on school in winter; in 1817 started west by way of Mackinaw and, crossing Wisconsin (then an imbroken wilderness), finally reached Prairie du Chien, after which he spent a year in the ''pineries. " In 1819 he descended the Mississippi with a raft, his attention en route being attracted by the present site of the city of Quincy, to which, after two years spent in extensive exploration of the "Military Tract" in the interest of certain owners of bounty lands, he again returned, finding it still unoccupied. Then, after two years spent in farming in Pike County, in 1824 he joined his friend, the late Gov. John Wood, who had built the first house in Quincy two years previous. Mr. Keyes thus becatne one of the three earliest settlers of Quincy, the other two being John Wood and a Major Rose. On the organization of Adams County, in January, 1825, he was appointed a member of the first Board of County Commissioners, which held its first meeting in his house. Mr. Keyes acquired considerable landed property about Quincy, a portion of which he donated to the Chicago Theological Seminary, thereby furnishing means for the erection of **Willard Hall" in connection with that institution. His death occurred in Quincy, Feb. 7, 1872.

KICKAPOOS, a tribe of Indians whose ethnology is closely related to that of the Mascoutins. The French orthography of the word was various, the early explorers designating them as **Kic-a-pou8,'' **Kick-a-poux," "Kick-a-bou, " and ''Quick-a-pous." The significance of the name is uncertain, different authorities construing it to mean **the otter's foot" and the "rabbit's ghost, " according to dialect. From 1602, when the tribe was first visited by Samuel Champlain, the Kickapoos were noted as a nation of warriors. They fought against Christianization, and were, for some time, hostile to the French, although they proved efficient allies of the latter during the French and Indian War. Their first formal recognition of the authority of the United States was in the treaty of Edwardsville (1819), in which reference was made to the treaties executed at Vincennes (1805 and 1809). Nearly a century before, they had left their seats in Wisconsin and established villages along the Rock River and near Chicago (1712- 15). At the time of the Edwardsville treaty they had settlements in the valleys of the Wabash, Embarras, Kaskaskia, Sangamon and Illinois Rivers. While they fought bravely at the battle of Tippecanoe, their chief military skill lay in predatory warfare. As compared with other tribes, they were industrious, intelligent and cleanly. In 1882-83 they were removed to a reservation in Kansas. Thence many of them drifted to the southwest, joining roving, plundering bands. In language, manners and customs, the Kickapoos closely resembled the Sacs and Foxes, with whom some ethnologists believe them to have been more or less closely connected.

KILPATRIGK, Thomas M., legislator and soldier, was bom in Crawford County, Pa., June 1, 1807. He learned the potter's trade, and, at the age of 27, removed to Scott County, 111. He was a deep thinker, an apt and refiective student of public affairs, and naturally eloquent. He was twice elected to the State Senate (1840 and '44), and, in 1846, was the Whig candidate for Governor, but was defeated by Augustus C. French, Democrat. In 1850 he emigrated to California, but, after a few years, returned to Illinois and took an active part in the campaigns of 1858 and 1860. On the outbreak of the Civil War he was commissioned Colonel of the Twentyeighth Illinois Volunteers, for which regiment he had recruited a company. He was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, while leading a charge.

KINDERHOOK, a village and railway station in Pike County, on the Hannibal Division of the Wabash Railway, 18 miles east of Hannibal Population (1890), 473; (1900), 370; (1910), 371.

KING^ John Lyle^ lawyer, was bom in Madison, Ind., in 1826 - ^the son of a pioneer settler who was one of the founders of Hanover College and of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary there, which afterwards became the "Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest," now the MoCormick Theological Seminary of Chicago. After graduating at Hanover, Mr. King began the study of law with an uncle at Madison, and the following year was admitted to the bar. In 1852 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature and, while a member of that body, acted as Chairman of the Committee to present Louis Kossuth, the Himgarian patriot and exile, to the Legislature ; also took a prominent part, during the next few years, in the organization of the Republican party. Removing to Chicago in 1856, he soon became prominent in his profession there, and, in 1860, was elected City Attorney over Col. James A. Mulligan, who became eminent a year or two later, in connection with the war for the Union. Having a fondness for literature, Mr. King wrote much for the press and, in 1878, published a volume of sporting experiences with a party of professional Mends in the woods and waters of Northern Wisconsin and Michigan, under the title, ^'Trouting on the Brule River, or Summer Wayfaring in the Northern Wilderness. *' Died in Chicago, April 17, 1892.

KING5 William H., lawyer, was bom at CUf ton Park, Saratoga County, N.Y., Oct. 28, I8I7; graduated from Union College in 1846, studied law at Waterford and, having been admitted to the bar the following year, began practice at the same place. In 1853 he removed to Chicago, where he held a number of important positions, including the Presidency of the Chicago Law Institute, the Chicago Bar Association, the Chicago Board of Education, and the Union College Alumni Association of the Northwest. In 1870 he was elected to the lower branch of the Twentyseventh General Assembly, and, during the sessions following the fire of 1871 prepared the act for the protection of titles to real estate, made necessary by the destruction of the records in the Recorder's office. Mr. King received the degree of LLD from his Alma Mater in 1879. Died, in Chicago, Feb. 6, 1892.

KmGMAN^ Martin, was born at Deer Creek, Tazewell County, III., April 1, 1844; attended school at Washington, 111., then taught two or three years, and, in June, 1862, enlisted in the Eighty -sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, serving three years without the loss of a day - a part of the time on detached service in charge of an ambulance corps and, later, as Assistant Quartermaster. Returning from the war with the rank of First Lieutenant, in August, 1865, he went to Peoria, where he engaged in business and has remained ever since. He is now connected with the following business concerns: Kingman & Co., manufacturers and dealers in farm machinery, buggies, wagons, etc. ; The Kingman Plow Company, Bank of Illinois, Peoria Cordage Company, Peoria General Electric Company, and National Hotel Company, besides various outside enterprises - all large concerns in each of which he is a large stockholder and a Director. Mr. Kingman was Canal Commissioner for six years - ^this being his only connection with politics. During 1898 he was also chosen Lieutenant-Colonel of the Peoria Provisional Regiment organized for the Spanish- American War. His career in connection with the industrial development of Peoria has been especially conspicuous and successfuL

KINKADE (or Kinkead), William, a native of Tennessee, settled in what is now Lawrence County, in 1817, and was elected to the State Senate in 1822, but appears to have served only one session, as he was succeeded in the Fourth General Assembly by James Bird. Although a Tennesseean by birth, he was one of the most aggressive opponents of the scheme for making Illinois a slave State, being the only man who made a speech against the pro-slavery convention resolution, though this was cut short by the determination of the pro-conventionists to permit no debate. Mr. Kinkade was appointed Postmaster at Lawrenceville by President John Quincy Adams, and held the position for many years. He died in 1846.

KINMUNDT9 a city in Marion County, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 229 miles south of Chicago and 24 miles northeast of Centralia. Agriculture, stock-raising, fruit-growing and coal-mining are the principal indiistries of the surrounding country. Kinmundy has flouring mills and brick-making plants, with other manufacturing establishments of minor importance. There are five churches, a bank and a weekly newspaper. Population (1890), 1,045; (1900), 1,221; (1910), 997

KINNEY, William, Lieutenant-Governor of Illinois from 1826 to 1830 ; was bom in Kentucky in 1781 and came to Illinois early in life, finally settling in St. Clair County. Of limited educational advantages, he was taught to read by his wife after marriage. He became a Baptist preacher, was a good stump-orator; served two sessions in the State Senate (the First and Third), was a candidate for Grovernor in 1834, but was defeated by Joseph Duncan ; in 1838 was elected by the Legislature a member of the Board of Public Works, becoming its President. Died in 1843. - William C. (Kinney), son of the preluding, was bom in Illinois, served as a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847 and as Representative in the Nineteenth Oeneral Assembly (1855), and, in 1857, was appointed by Governor Bissell Adjutant-Oeneral of the State, dying in office the following year.

KINZIE^ John; Indian-trader and earliest citizen of Chicago, was bom in Quebec, Canada, in 1768. His father was a Scotchman named McKenzie, but the son dropped the prefix '*Mo,'* and the name soon csune to be spelled **Kinzie'* - an orthography recognized by the family. During his early childhood his father died, and his mother gave him a stepfather by the name of William Forsythe. When ten years old he left home and, for three years, devoted himself to learning the jeweler's trade at Quebec. Fascinated by stories of adventure in the West, he removed thither and became an Indian-trader. In 1804 he established a trading post at what is now the site of Chicago, being the first solitary white settler. Later he established other posts on the Rock, Illinois and Kankakee Rivers. He was twice married, and the father of a nimierous family. His daughter Maria married Gen. David Hunter, and his daughter-in-law, Mrs. John H. Kinzie, achieved literary distinction as the authoress of **Wau Bun," etc. (N. Y. 1850.) Died in Chicago, Jan. 6, 1828.~John Harris (Kinzie), son of the preceding, was bom at Sandwich, Canada, July 7, 1803, brought by his parents to Chicago, and taken to Detroit after the massacre of 1812, but returned to Chicago in 1816. Two years later his father placed him at Mackinac Agency of the American Fur Company, and, in 1824, he was transferred to Prairie du Chien. The following year he was Sub-Agent of Indian affairs at Fort Winnebago, where he witnessed several important Indian treaties. In 1830 he went to Connecticut, where he was married, and, in 1883, took up his permanent residence in Chicago, forming a partnership with Qen. David Hunter, his brother-in-law, in the forwarding business. In 1841 he was appointed Registrar of Public Lands by President Harrison, but was removed by Tyler. In 1848 he was appointed Canal Collector, and, in 1849, President Taylor conmiissioned him Receiver of Public Moneys. In 1861 he was commissioned Paymaster in the army by President Lincoln, which office he held until his death, which occurred on a railroad train near Pittsburg, Pa., June 21, 1865.

KIRBT^ Edward P., lawyer and legislator, was bom in Putnam County, 111., Oct. 28, 1834 - the son of Rev. William Kir by, one of the founders and early professors of Illinois College at

Jacksonville; graduated at Illinois College in 1854, then taught several years at St. Louis and Jacksonville; was admitted to the bar in 1864, and, in 1873, was elected County Judge of Morgan County as a Republican ; was Representative in the General Assembly from Morgan County (1891-93) ; also served for several years as Trustee of the Central Hospital for the Insane and, for a long period, as Trustee and Treasurer of Illinois College.

KIRK5 (Gen.) Edward N., soldier, was bom of Quaker parentage in Jefferson County, Ohio, Feb. 29, 1828; graduated at the Friends' Academy, at Mount Pleasant in the same State, and, after teaching for a time, began the study of law, completing it at Baltimore, Md., where he was admitted to the bar in 1853. A year later he removed to Sterling, 111., where he continued in his profession until after the battle of the first Bull Run, when he raised a regiment. The quota of the State being already full, this was not immediately accepted; but, after some delay, was mustered in in September, 1861, as the Thirtyfourth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, with the subject of this sketch as Colonel In the field he soon proved himself a brave and dashing officer; at the battle of Shiloh, though wounded through the shoulder, he refused to leave the field. After remaining with the am^y several days, inflammatory fever set in, necessitating his removal to the hospital at Louisville, where he lay between life and death for some time. Having partially recovered, in August, 1862, he set out to rejoin his regiment, but was stopped en route by an order assigning him to command at Louisville. In November following he was commissioned Brigadier-Ceneral for "heroic action, gallantry and ability** displayed on the field. In the last days of December, 1862, he had sufficiently recovered to take part in the series of engagements at Stone River, where he was again wounded, this time fatally. He was taken to his home in Illinois, and, although he survived several months, the career of one of the most brilliant and promising soldiers of the war was cut short by his death, July 21, 1863.

KIRKLAND5 Joseph, journalist and author, was bom at Geneva, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1830 - the son of Prof. William Kirkland of Hamilton College; was brought by his parents to Michigan in 1885, where he remained imtil 1856, when he came to the city of Chicago. In 1861 he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Illinois Infantry (threemonths' men), was elected Second Lieutenant, but later became Aid-de-Camp on the staff of

General McClellan, serving there and on the staff of General Fitz-John Porter until the retirement of the latter, meanwhile taking part in the Peninsular campaign and in the battle of Antietam. Returning to Chicago he gave attention to some coalmining property near Danville, but later studied law and was admitted to .the bar in 1880. A few years later he produced his first novel, and. from 1890, devoted his attention solely to literary pursuits, for several years being literary editor of **The Chicago Tribune." His works - several of which first appeared as serials in the magazines - include ''Zury, the Meanest Man in Spring County" (1885); **The McVeys" (1887); -The Captain of Ck). K." (1889), besides the "History of the Chicago Massacre of 1812," and ''The Story of Chicago" - the latter in two volumes. At the time of his death he had just concluded, in collaboration with Hon. John Moses, the work of editing a two- volume "History of Chicago," published by Messrs. Munsell & Co. (1895). Died, in Chicago, April 29, 1894. - Elizabeth Stansbnry (Kirkland), sister of the preceding - teacher andauthor - was bom at Geneva, N. Y. , came to Chicago in 1867 and, five years later, established a select school for young ladies, out of which grew what is known A the "Kirkland Social Settlement," which was continued until her death, July 80, 1896. She was the author of a number of volumes of decided merit, written with the especial object of giving entertainment and instruction to the young - including "Six Little Cooks," "Dora's Housekeeping," "Speech and Manners," a Child^s "History of France," a "History of England," -'History of English Literature," etc. At her death she left a "History of Italy" ready for the hands of the publishers.

KIRKPATRICS, John, pioneer Methodist preacher, was bom in Georgia, whence he emigrated in 1802; located 'at Springfield, IlL, at an early day, where he built the first horse-mill in that vicinity ; in 1829 removed to Adams County, and finally to Ottumwa, Iowa, where he died in 1845. Mr. Kirkpatrick is believed to have been the first local Methodist preacher licensed in Illinois. Having inherited three slaves (a woman and two boys) while in Adams County, he brought them to Illinois and gave them their freedom. The boys were bound to a man in Quincy to learn a trade, but mysteriously disappeared - presumably having been kidnaped with the connivance of the man in whose charge they had been placed.

Burlington & Quincy Railroad; is a stock-shipping point and in an agricultural region. The town has two banks, five churches, and one weekly newspaper Pop. (1900), 1,008; (1910). 926.

KISHWAUKEE RIVER, rises in McHenry County, runs west through Boone, and enters Rock River in Winnebago County, eight miles below Rockford. It is 75 miles long. An affluent called the South Eishwaukee River runs north-northeast and northwest through De Kalb County, and enters the Kiskwaukee in Winnebago (Dounty, about eight miles southeast of Rockford.

KITCHELL, Wickliir, lawyer and Attorney- General of Illinois, was bom in New Jersey, Blay 21, 1789. Feb. 29, 1812, he was married, at Newark, N. J., to Miss Elizabeth Ross, and the same year emigrated west, passing down the Ohio on a flat-boat from Pittsburg, Pa., and settled near Cincinnati In 1814 he became a resident of Southern Indiana, where he was elected sheriff, studied law and was admitted to the bar, finally becoming a successful practitioner. In 1817 he removed to Palestine, Crawford County, 111., where, in 1820, he was elected Representative in the Second General Assembly, and was also a member of the State Senate from 1828 to 1832. In 1838 he removed to Hillsboro, Montgomery County, was appointed Attorney -General in 1839, serving until near the close of the following year, when he resigned to take his seat as Representative in the Twelfth General Assembly. Between 1846 and 1854 he was a resident of Fort Madison, Iowa, but the latter year returned to Hillsboro. During his early political career Mr. Kitchell had been a Democrat ; but, on the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska act, became an earnest Republican. Public-spirited and progressive, he was in advance of his time on many public questions. Died, Jan« 2, 1869. - Alfred (kitchell), son of the preceding, lawyer and Judge, bom at Palestine, IlL, March 29, 1820; was educated at Indiana State University and Hillsboro Academy, admitted to the bar in 1841, and, the following year, commenced practice at Olney ; was elected State's Attorney in 1843, through repeated re-elections holding the office ten years ; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847 and, in 1849, was elected Judge of Richland County ; later assisted in establishing the first newspaper published in Olney, and in organizing the Republican party there in 1856; in 1859 was elected Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit, serving one term. He was also influential in procuring a charter for the Ohio & Mississippi Raiboad, and in the construction of the line, being an original corporator and subsequently a Director of the Company. Later he removed to Galesburg, where he died, Nov. 11, 1876. - Edward (Kitchell), another son, was bom at Palestine, 111., Dec. 21, 1829; was educated at Hillsboro Academy until 1846, when he removed with his father's family to Fort Madison, Iowa, but later returned to Hillsboro to continue his studies ; in 1852 made the trip across the plains to California to engage in gold mining, but the following year went to Walla Walla, Washington Territory, where he opened a law office; in 1854 returned to Illinois, locating at Olney, Richland County, forming a partnership with Horace Hay ward, a relative, in the practice of law. Here, having, taken position against the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he became, in 1856, the editor of the first Republican newspaper published in that part of Illinois known as "Egypt," with his brother. Judge Alfred Kitchell, being one of the original thirty-nine Republicans in Richland County. In 1862 he assisted in organizing the Ninety -eighth Regiment Illinois Volunteers at Centralia, which, in the following year having been mounted, became a part of the famous. "Wilder Brigade.'' At first he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, but succeeded to the command of the regiment after the wounding of Colonel Funkhouser at Chickamauga in September, 1868; was finally promoted to the colonelcy in July, 1865, and mustered out with the rank of Brigadier-General by brevet. Resuming the practice of his profession at Olney, he was, in 1866, the Republican candidate for Congress in a district strongly Democratic; also served as Collector of Internal Revenue for a short time and, in 1868, was Presidential Elector for the same District. Died, at Olney, July 11, 1869. - John Wickliir (Kitchell), youngest son of Wickliff Elitchell, was bom at Palestine, Crawford County, 111., May 30. 1835, educated at Hillsboro, read law at Fort Madison, Io\^a, and admitted to the bar in that State. At the age of 19 years he served as Assistant Clerk of the House of Representatives at Springfield, and was Reading Clerk of the same body at the session of 1861. Previous to the latter date he had edited "The Montgomery County Herald," and later, "The Charleston Courier." Resigning his position as Reading Clerk in 1861, he enlisted under the first call of President Lincoln in the Ninth Illinois Volunteers, served as Adjutant of the regiment and afterwards as Captain of his company. At the expiration of his term of enlistment he established

"The Union Monitor" at Hillsboro, which he conducted until drafted into the service in 1864, serving imtil the close of the war. In 1866 he removed to Pana (his present residence), resuming practice there; was a candidate for the State Senate the same year, and, in 1870, was the Republican noipinee for Congress in that District.

KNICKERBOCKER, Joshua C, lawyer, was bom in Gallatin, Columbia County, N. Y., Sept 26, 1827 ; brought by his father to Alden, McHenry County, 111., in 1844, and educated in the common schools of that place ; removed to Chicago in 1860, studied law and was admitted to practice in 1862; served on the Board of Supervisors and in the City Council and, in 1868, was elected Representative in the Greneral Assembly, serving one term. He was also a member of the State Board of Education from 1875 to '77, and the latter year was elected Probate Judge for Cook County, serving imtil his death, Jan. 5, 1890.

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, a secret semi-military and benevolent association founded in the City of Washington, D. C, Feb. 19, 1864, Justus H. Rathbone (who died Dec. 9, 1889) being its recognized founder. The order was established in Illinois, May 4, 1869, by the organization of "Welcome Lodge, No. 1," in the citj^of Chicaga On July 1, 1869, this Lodge had nineteen members. At the close of the year four additional Lodges had been instituted, having an aggregate membership of 245. Early in the following year, on petition of these five Lodges, approved by the Grand Chancellor, a Grand Lodge of the Order for the State of Illinois was instituted in Chicago, with a membership of twenty-nine Past Chancellors as representatives of the five subordinate Lodges - the total membership of these Lodges at that date being 382. December 81, 1870, the total membership in Illinois had increased to 850. June 30, 1895, the total number of Lodges in the State was 525, and the membership 38.441. The assets belonging to the Lodges in Illinois, on Jan. 1, 1894, amounted to $418,151.77.

KNOWLTON, Dexter A.^ pioneer and banker, was bom in Fairfield, Herkimer County, N. Y., March 3, 1812, taken to Chautauqua County in infancy and passed his childhood and youth on a farm. Having determined on a mercantile career, he entered an academy at Fredonia, paying his own way ; in 1838 started on a peddling tour for the West, and, in the following year, settled at Freeport, 111., where he opened a general store; in 1843 began investments in real estate, finally laying off sundry additions to the city of Freeport, from which he realized large profits. He

\ also prominently connected with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad and, in 1850» became a Director of the Company, remaining in office some twelve years. In 1852 he was the Free-Soil candidate for Governor of Illinois, but a few years later became extensively interested in the Congress & Empire Spring Company at Saratoga, N. T. ; then, after a four years* residence in Brooklyn, returned to Freeport in 1870, where he engaged in banking business, dying in that city, Karch 10, 1876.

KNOXy Joseph, lawyer, was bom at Blanford, Mass., Jan. 11, 1805; studied law with his brother. Gen. Alanson Knox, in his native town, was admitted to the bar in 1828, subsequently removing to Worcester, in the same State, where he began the practice of his profession. In 1887 he removed west, locating at Stephenson, now Rock Island, IlL, where he continued in practice for twenty-three years. During the greater part of that time he was associated with Hon. John W. Drury, under the firm name of Knox & Dnuy, gaining a wide reputation as a lawyer throughout Northern Illinois. Among the important cases in wlvich he took part during his residence in Rock Island was the prosecution of the murderers of Colonel Davenport in 1845. In 1852 he served as a Democratic Presidential Elector, but in the next campaign identified himself with the Republican party as a supporter of John C. Fremont for the Presidency. In 1860 he removed to Chicago and, two years later, was appointed State's Attorney by Governor Yates, remaining in office until succeeded by his partner, Charles H. Reed. After coming to Chicago he was identified with a number of notable cases. His death occurred, August 6, 1881.

KKOX COLLEGE^ a non-sectarian institution for the higher education of the youth of both sexes, located at Galesburg, Ejiox County. It was founded in 1887, fully organized in 1841, and graduated its first class in 1846. The number of graduates from that date until 1894, aggregated 867. In 1893 it had 663 students in attendance, and a faculty of 20 professors. Its library contains about 6,000 volumes. Its endowment amounts to $300,000 and its buildings are valued at $150,000. Dr. Newton Bateman was at its head for more than twenty years, and, on his resignation (1893), John H. Finley, Ph.D., became its President, but resigned in 1899.

KNOX COUNTY, a wealthy interior county west of the Illinois River, having an area of 720 square miles and a population (1910) of 46,159. It was named in honor of Gen. Henry Knox. Its territorial limits were defined by legislative enactment in 1825, but the actual organization dates from 1830, when Riggs Pennington, Philip Hash and Charles Hansford were named the first Commissioners. Knoxville was the first countyseat selected, and here (in the winter of 1830-31) was erected the first oourt house, constructed of logs, two stories in height, at a cost of ^

$192. The soil is rich, and agriculture fiourishes. The present county-seat (1911) is Galesburg, well known for its educational institutions, * the best known of which are Knox College, founded in 1837, and Lombard University, founded in 1851. A fiourishing Episcopal Seminary is located at Knoxville, and Hedding College at Abingdon.

KNOXTILLE9 a city In Knox County, on the Galesburg-Peoria Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 60 miles west of Peoria, and 5 miles east of Galesburg; was formerly the county-seat, and still contains the fair grounds and almshouse. The municipal government is composed of a mayor, six aldermen, with seven heads of departments. It has electric lighting and street-car service, good water-works, flouring mills, banks, numerous churches, three public schools, one weekly paper, and is the seat of St. Mary's school for girls, and St. Alban's for boys. Pop. (1890), 1,728; (1900), 1,857; (1910), 1,818.

KOEBNEB^ GnstaynSy lawyer and Lieutenant- Governor, was bom in Germany in 1809, and received a university education. He was a lawyer by profession, and emigrated to Illinois in 1833, settling finally at Belleville. He at once affiliated with the Democratic party, and soon became prominent in politics. In 18^ he was elected to the General Assembly, and three years later was appointed to the bench of the State Supreme Court. In 1852 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket headed by Joel A. Matteson; but, at the close of his term, became identified with the Republican party and was a staunch Union man during the Civil War, serving for a time as Colgjiel on General Fremont's and General Halleck's staffs. In 1862 President Lincoln made him Minister to Spain, a post which he resigned in January, 1865. He was a member of the Chicago Convention of 1860 that nominated Lincoln for the Presidency; was a Republican Presidential Elector in 1868, and a delegate to the Cincinnati Convention of 1872 that named Horace Greeley for the Presidency. In 1867 he served as President of the first Board of Trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and, in 1870, was elected to the Legislature a second time. The following year he was appointed a member of the first Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners, and served as its President. He is the author of "Collection of the Important General Laws of Illinois* with Conmients" (in Grerman, St. Louis, 1838); "From Spain" (Frankfort onthe-Main, 1866); "Das Deutsche Element in den Vereiningten Staaten" (Cincinnati, 1880; second edition. New York, 1885) ; and a nimiber of monographs. Died, at Belleville, April 9, 1806. 4 KOHLSAATy Christian Judge of United

States Court, was bom in Edwards County, IlL, Jan. 8, 1844 - ^his father being a native of Grermany who settled in Edwards County in 1825, while his mother was bom in England. The family removed to Calena in 1854, where young Kohlsaat attended the public schools, later taking a course in Chicago University, after which he began the study of law. In 1867 he became a reporter on "The Chicago Evening Journal," was admitted to the bar in the same year, and, in 1868, accepted a position in the office of the County Clerk, where he kept the records of the County Court under Judge Bradwell's administration. During the sessions of the Twenty-seventh (^neral Assembly (1871-72) , he served as First Assistant Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of the House, after which he began practice; in 1881 was the Republican nominee for County Judge, but was defeated by Judge Prendergast; served as member of the Board of West Side Park Commissioners, 1884-90; in 1890 was appointed Probate Judge of Cook County (as successor to Judge Knickerbocker, who died in January of that year), and was elected to the office in November following, and re-elected in 1894, as he was again in 1898. Early in 1699 he was appointed, by President McKinley, Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, as successor to Judge Grosscup, who had been appointed United States Circmt Judge in place of Judge Showalter, deceased.

KOHLSAAT, Herman H., editor and newspaper publisher, was born in Edwards County, 111., March 22, 1853, and taken the following year to Galena, where he remained imtil 12 years of age, when the family removed to Chicago. Here, after attending the public schools some three years, he became a cash-boy in the store of Carson, Pirie & Co., a year later rising to the position of cashier, remaining two years. Then, after having been connected with various business concerns, he became the junior member of the firm of Blake, Shaw & Co., for whom he had been a traveling salesman some five years. In 1880 he became associated with the Dake Bakery, in connection with which he laid the foundation of an extensive business by establishing a system of restaurants and lunch counters in the business portions of the city. In 1891, after a somewhat protracted visit to Europe, Mr. Kohlsaat bought a controlling interest in "The Chicago Inter Ocean," but withdrew early in 1894 In April, 1895, he became principal proprietor of "The Chicago Times- Herald," as the successor of the late James W. Scott, who died suddenly in New York, soon after effecting a consolidation of Chicago^s two Democratic papers, "The Times" and "Herald," in one concern. Although changing the political status of the paper from Democratic to Independent, Mr. Kohlsaat^s liberal enterprise has won for it an assured success. He is also owner and publisher of "The Chicago Evening Post." His whole business career has been one of almost phenomenal success attained by vigorous enterprise and high-minded, honorable methods. Mr. Kohlsaat is one of the original incorporators of the University of Chicago, of which he continues to be one of the Trustees.

KBOME, William Henry^ lawyer, bom of German parentage, in Louisville, Ky., July 1, 1842; in 1851 was brought by his father to Madison County, m, where he lived and worked for some years on a farm. He acquired his education in the common schools and at McKendree College, graduating from the latter in 1863. After spending his simmier months in farm labor and teaching school during the winter, for a year or two, he read law for a time with Judge M. G. Dale of Edwardsville, and, in 1866, entered the law department of Michigan University, graduating in 1869, though admitted the year previous to practice by the Supreme Court of Illinois. Mr. Krome has been successively the partner of Judge John G. Irwin, Hon. W. F. L. Hadley (late Congressman from the Eighteenth District) and C. W. Terry. He has held the office of Mayor of Edwardsville (1873), State Senator (1874-78), and, in 1898,' was a prominent candidate before the Democratic judicial convention for the nomination for Justice of the Supreme Court, to succeed Justice Scholfield, deceased. He is also President of the Madison Coimty State Bank.

KUEFFNEE, William C, lawyer and soldier, was bom in Germany and came to St. Clair County, 111., in 1861. Early in 1865 he was commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Fortyninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, one of the latest regiments organized for the Civil War, and was soon after promoted to the rank of Brevet

Brigadier-General, serving until January, 1866. Later, Qeneral Kueffner studied law at St. Louis, and having graduated in 1871, established himself in practice at Belleville, where he has since resided. He was a successful contestant for a seat in the Republican National Convention of 1880 from the Seventeenth District.

KUTKENDALL, Andrew J., lawyer and legislator, was bom of pioneer parents in Gallatin (now Hardin) County, 111., March 8, 1815; was self-educated chiefly, but in his early manhood adopted the law as a profession, locating at Vienna in Johnson County, where he continued to reside to the end of his life. In 1842 he was elected a Representative in the Thirteenth General Assembly, and re-elected two years later; in 1850 became State Senator, serving continuously in the same body for twelve years; in 1861 enlisted, and was commissioned Major, in the Thirty-first Illinois Volunteers (Gen. John A, Logan's regiment), but was compelled to resign, in May following, on acount of impaired health. Two years later (1864) he was elected Representative in the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving one term ; and, after several years in private life, was again returned to the State Senate in 1878, serving in the Thirty-first and Thirty-second General Assemblies. In all. Major Kuykendall saw twenty years' service in the State Legislature, of which sixteen were spent in the Senate and four in the House, besides two years in Congress. A zealous Democrat previous to the war, he was an ardent supporter of the war policy of the Government, and, in 1864, presided over the **Union" (Republican) State Convention of that year. He was also a member of the Senate Finance Committee in the session of 1850, which had the duty of investigating the Matteson ''canal scrip fraud. " Died, at Vienna, 111., May 11, 1801.

LABOR TROUBLES. 1. The Railroad Strike of 1877. - By this name is generally characterized the labor disturbances of 1877, which, beginning at Pittsburg in July, spread over the entire country, interrupting transportation, and, for a time, threatening to paralyze trade. Illinois suffered severely. The primary cause of the troubles was the general prostration of business resulting from the depression of values, which affected manufacturers and merchants alike. A reduction of expenses became necessary, and the wages of employes were lowered. Dissatisfaction and restlessness on the part of the latter ensued, which found expression in the ordering of a strike among railroad operatives on a larger scale than had ever been witnessed in this country. In Illi-^ nois, Peoria, Decatur, Braidwood, East St. Louis, Galesburg, La Salle and Chicago were the principal points affected. In all these cities angry, excited men formed themselves into mobs, which tore up tracks, took possession of machine shops, in some cases destroyed roundhouses, applied the torch to warehouses, and, for a time, held commerce by the throat, not only defying the law, but even contending in arms against the military sent to disperse them. The entire force of the State militia was called into service, Major- General Arthur C. Ducat being in command. The State troops were divided into three brigades, commanded respectively by Brigadier-Generals Torrence, Bates and Pavey. Greneral Ducat assumed personal command at Braidwood, where were sent the Third Regiment and the Tenth Battalion, who suppressed the riots at that point with ease. Col. Joseph W. Stambaugh and Lieut. -Col. J. B. Parsons were the respective regimental commanders. Generals Bates and Pavey were in command at East St. Louis, where the excitement was at fever heat, the mobs terrorizing peaceable citizens and destroying much property. Governor Cullom went to this point in person. Chicago, however, was the chief railroad center of the State, and only prompt and severely repressive measures held in check one of the most dangerous mobs which ever threatened property and life in that city. The local police force was inadequate to control the rioters, and Mayor Heath felt himself forced to call for aid from the State. Brig. -Gen. Joseph T. Torrence then commanded the First Brigade, I. N. G., with headquarters at Chicago. Under instructions from Governor Cullom, he promptly and effectively co-operated with the municipal authorities in quelling the uprising. He received valuable support from volunteer companies, some of which were largely composed of Union veterans. The latter were commanded by such experienced commanders as Generals Reynolds, Martin Beem, and O. L. Mann, and Colonel Owen Stuart. General Lieb also led a company of veterans enlisted by himself, and (General Shaffner and Major James H. D. Daly organized a cavalry force of 150 old soldiers, who rendered efficient service. The disturbance was promptly subdued, transportation resumed, and trade once more began to move in its accustomed channels. 2. The Strike of 1894. - This was an uprising which originated in Chicago and was incited by a comparatively yoimg labor organization called the American Railway Union. In its inception it was sympathetic, its ostensible motiye» at the outset, being the righting of wrongs alleged to have been suffered by employes of the Pullman Palace Car Company. The latter quit work on May 11, and, on June 22, the American Railway Union ordered a general boycott against all railroad companies hauling Pullman cars after June 26. The General Managers of the lines entering Chicago took prompt action (June 25) looking toward mutual protection, protesting against the proposed boycott, and affirming their resolution to adhere to existing contracts, any action on the part of the strikers to the contrary notwithstanding. Trouble began on the 26th. The hauling of freight was necessarily soon discontinued; suburban traffic was interrupted; switching had to be done by inexperienced hands under ix>lice or military protection (officials and clerks sometimes throwing the levers), and in the presence of large crowds of law-defying hoodlums gathered along the tracks, avowedly through sympathy with the strikers, but actually in the hope of plimder. Trains were sidetracked, derailed, and» in not a few instances, valuable freight was burned. Passengers were forced to undergo the inconvenience of being cooped up for hours in crowded cars, in transit, without food or water, sometimes almost within sight of their destination, and sometimes threatened with death should they attempt to leave their prison houses. The mobs, intoxicated by seeming success, finally ventured to interfere with the passage of trains carrying the United States mails, and, at this juncture, the Federal authorities interfered. President Cleveland at once ordered the protection of all mail trains by armed guards, to be appointed by the United States Marshal. An additional force of Deputy Sheriffs was also sworn in by the Sheriff of Cook County, and the city police force was augmented. The United States District Court also issued a restraining order, directed against the officers and members of the American Railway Union, as well as against all other persons interfering with the business of railroads carrying the mails. Service was readily accepted by the officers of the Union, but the copies distributed among the insurgent mob were torn and trampled upon. Thereupon the President ordered Federal troops to Chicago, both to protect Government property (notably the Subtreasury) and to guard mail trains. The Governor (John P. Altgeld) protested, but without avail A few days later, the Mayor of Chicago requested the State Executive to place a force of State militia at his control for the protection of property and the prevention of bloodshed. Gen* eral Wheeler, with the entire second division of the I. N. G., at once received orders to report to the municipal authorities. The presence of the militia greatly incensed the turbulent crowds, yet it proved most salutary. The troops displayed exemplary firmness under most trying circumstances, dispersing jeering and threatening crowds by physical force or bayonet charges, the rioters being fired upon only twice. Gradually order was restored. The disreputable element subsided, and wiser and more conservative counsels prevailed among the ranks of the strikers. Impediments to traffic were removed and trains were soon running as though no interruption had occurred. The troops were withdrawn (first the Federal and afterwards those of the State), and the courts were left to deal with the subject in accordance with the statutes. The entire executive board of the American Railway Union were indicted for conspiracy, but the indictments were never pressed. The officers, however, were all found guilty of contempt of court in having disobeyed the restraining order of the Federal court, and sentenced to terms in the county jail. Eugene V. Debs, the President of the Union, was convicted on two charges and given a sentence of six months on each, but the two sentences were afterward made concurrent. The other members of the Board received a similar sentence for three months each. All but the Vice-President, George W. Howard, served their terms at Woodstock, McHenry County. Howard was sent to the Will County jail at Joliet.

LACEY; Lyman^ lawyer and jurist, was bom in Tompkins County, N. Y., May 6, 1882. In 1837 his i)arents settled in Fulton Coimty, IlL He graduated from Illinois College in 1855 and was admitted to the bar in 1856, commencing practice at Havana, Mason County, the same year. In 1862 he was elected, as a Democrat, to represent the coimties of Mason and Menard in the lower house of the Legislatiure ; was elected to the Cir* cuit Court bench in 1878, and re-elected in 1879, '85 and '91; also served for several years upon the bench of the Appellate Court.

LACONy a city and county-seat of Marshall County, situated on the Illinois River, and on the D wight and Lacon branch of the Chicago, & Alton Railroad, 130 miles southwest of Chicaga A pontoon bridge connects it with Sparland on the opposite bank of the Illinois. The surrounding country raises large quantities of grain, for which Lacon is a shipping point. The river in navigable by steamboats to this point. The city has grain elevators, woolen mills, marble works, a carriage factory and a national bank. It also has water works, an excellent telephone system, good drainage, and is lighted by electricity. There are seven churches, a graded school and two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 1,814; (1890), 1,649; (1900), 1,601; (1910), 1,495.

LA PAYETTE (Marqais de), YISIT OF. An event of profound interest in the history of Illinois, during the year 1825, was the visit to the State by the Marquis de La Fayette, who had been the ally of the American people during their struggle for independence. The distinguished Frenchman having arrived in the country during the latter part of 1824, the General Assembly in session at Vandalia, in December of that year, adopted an address inviting him to visit Illinois. This was communicated to La Fayette by Gov. Edward Coles, who had met the (General in Europe seven years before. Governor Coles' letter and the address of the General Assembly were answered with an acceptance by La Fayette from Washington, under date of Jan. 16, 1825. The approach of the latter was made by way of New Orleans, the steamer Natchez (by which Gtoeral La Fayette ascended the Mississippi) arriving at the old French village of Carondelet, below St. Louis, on the 28th of April. CoL William S. Hamilton, a son of Alexander Hamilton, and at that time a Representative in the General Assembly from Sangamon County, as well as an Aid-de-Camp on the staff of Governor Coles, was dispatched from the home of the latter at Edwardsville, to meet the distinguished visitor, which he did at St. Louis. On Saturday, April 80, the boat bearing General La Fayette, with a large delegation of prominent citizens of Missouri, left St. Louis, arriving at Kaskaskia, where a reception awaited him at the elegant residence of Gen. John Edgar, Governor Coles delivering an address of welcome. The presence of a number of old soldiers, who had fought under La Fayette at Brandy wine and Yorktown, constituted an interesting feature of the occasion. This was followed by a banquet at the tavern kept by Colonel Sweet, and a closing reception at the house of William Morrison. Sr.. a member of the celebrated family of that name, and one of the leading merchants of Kaskaskia. Among those participating in the reception ceremonies, who were then, or afterwards became, promineDt factors in State history, appear the names of Gten. John Eklgar, ex-Governor Bond, Judge Nathaniel Pope Elias Kent Kane, ex- Lieutenant-Governor Menard, CoL Thomas Mather and Sidney Breese, a future United States Senator and Justice of the Supreme Court. The boat left Kaskaskia at midnight for Nashville, Tenn., Governor Coles accomi)anying the party and returning with it to Shawneetown, where an imposing reception was given and an address of welcome delivered by Judge James Hall, on May 14, 1825. A few hours later General La Fayette left on his way up the Ohio.

LAFLIN, Matthew, manufacturer, was bom at Southwick, Hampden County, Mass., Dec. 16, 1803; in his youth was clerk for a time in the store of Laflin & Lbomis, powder manufacturers, at Lee, Mass., later becoming a partner in the Canton Powder Mills. About 1832 he engaged in the manufacture of axes at Saugerties, N. Y., which proving a failure, he again engaged in powder manufacture, and, in 1837, came to Chicago, where he finally established a factory - his firm, in 1840, becoming Laflin & Smith, and, later, Laflin, Smith & Co. Becoming largely interested in real estate, he devoted his attention chiefly to that business after 1849, with great success, not only in Chicago but elsewhere, having done much for the development of Waukesha, Wis., where he erected one of the princii)al -hotels - the "Fountain Spring House^* - also being one of the original stockholders of the Elgin Watch Company. Mr. Laflin was a zealous supporter of the Government during the war for the preservation of the Union, and, before his death, made a donation of $75,- 000 for a bmlding for the Chicago Academy of Sciences, which was erected in the western -part of Lincoln Park. Died, in Chicago, May 20, 1897.

LA GRANGE, a village in Cook County, and one of the handsomest suburbs of Chicago, from which it is distant 15 miles, south-southwest, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Raih-oad. The streets are broad and shaded and there are many handsome residences. The village is lighted by electricity, and has public water-works, seven churches, a high school and a weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 2,314; (1900), 3,969; (1910), 5,282.

LA HARPEy a city in Hancock \. 'inty, on the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway, 83 miles west by south from Peoria and 20 miles south-southeast of Burlington, Iowa. Brick, tile and cigars constitute the manufactured output. La Harpe has two banks, five churches, a graded and a high school, a seminary, and three weekly papers. Pop. (1890), 1,113; (1900), 1,591; (1910), 1,349.

LAKE COUNTY, in the extreme northeast comer of the State, ha\dng an area of 394 square miles, and a population (1010) of 55,058. It was cut off from McHenry County and separately organized in 1839. Pioneer settlers began to arrive in 1839, locating chiefly along the Des Plaines River. The Indians vacated the region the following year. The first County Commissioners (E. E. Hunter, William Brown and E. C. Berrey) located the county-seat at Libertyville, but, in 1841, it was removed to Little Fort, now Waukegan. The county derives its name from the fact that some forty small lakes are found within its limits. The surface is undulating and about equally divided between sand, prairie and second-growth timber. At Waukegan there are several maufacturing establishments, and the Glen Flora medicinal spring attracts many invalids. Highland Park and Lake Forest are residence towns of great beauty situated on the lake bluff, populated largely by the families of Chicago business men.

Lake Erie & Mississippi Railroad

LAKE ERIE & WESTERN RAILROAD. Of the 710.61 miles which constitute the entire length of this line, only 118.6 are within Illinois. This portion extends from the junction of the Peoria & Pekin Union Railway, on the east side of the Illinois River opposite Peoria, to the Indiana State line. It is a single-track road of standard gauge. About one-sixth of the line in Illinois is level, the grade nowhere exceeding 40 feet to the mile. The track is of 56 and 60-pound steel rails, and lightly ballasted. The total capital of the road (1898) - including $23,680,000 capital stock, $10,875,000 bonded debt and a floating debt of $1,479,809 - was $36,034,809, or $50,- 708 per mile. The total earnings and income in Illinois for 1898 were $559,743, and the total expenditures for the same period, $457,713. - (EDiSTORY.) The main line of the Illinois Division of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad was acquired by consolidation, in 1880, of the Lafayette, Bloomington & Mississippi Railroad (81 miles in length), which had been opened in 1871, with certain Ohio and Indiana lines. In May, 1885, the line thus formed was consolidated, without change of name, with the Lake Erie & Mississippi Railroad, organized to build an extension of the Lake Erie &. Western from Bloomington to Peoria (43 miles). The road was sold iinder foreclosure in 1886, and the present company organized, Feb. 9, 1887.

LAKE FOREST, a city in Lake County, on Lake Michigan and Chicago & Northwestern Railway, 28 miles north by west from Chicago. It is the seat of Lake Forest University; has four schools, five churches, one bank, gas and electrio light system, electric car line, water system, fire department and hospital, and one weekly local paper. Pop. (1900), 2,215; (1910), 3,349.

LAKE FOREST UNIYERSITT, an institution of learning comprising six distinct schools, viz. : Lake Forest Academy, Ferry Hall Seminary, Lake Forest College, Rush Medical College, Chicago College of Dental Surgery, and the Chicago College of Law. The three first named are located at Lake Forest, while the three profes- ^sional schools are in the city of Chicago. The college charter was granted in 1857, but the institution was not opened until nineteen year* later, and the professional schools, which were originally independent, were not associated until 1887. In 1894 there were 316 undergraduates at Lake Forest, in charge of forty instructors. During the same year there were in attendance at the professional schools, 1,557 students, making a total enrollment in the University of 1,878. While the institution is affiliated with the Presb3rterian denomination, the Board of Trustees is self -perpetuating. The Academy and Seminary are preparatory schools for the two sexes, respectively. Lake Forest College is co-educational and organized upon the elective plan, having seventeen departments, a certain number of studies being required for graduation, and work upon a major subject being required for three years. The schools at Lake Forest occupy fifteen buildings, standing within a campus of sixty-five acres.

LAKE MICHIGAN; one of the chain of five great northern lakes, and the largest lake lying wholly within the United States. It lies between the parallels of 4r 35' and 46'' North latitude, its length being about 335 miles. Its width varies from 50 to 88 miles, its greatest breadth being opposite Milwaukee. Its surface is nearly 600 feet above the sea-level and its maximum depth is estimated at 840 feet. It has an area of about 20,000 square miles. It forms the eastern boundary of Wisconsin, the western boundary of the lower peninsula of Michigan and a part of the northern boundary of Illinois and Indiana. Its waters find their outlet into Lake Huron through the struts of Mackinaw, at its northeast extremity, and are connected with Lake Superior by the Sault Ste. Marie River. It contains few islands, and these mainly in its northern part, the largest being some fifteen miles long. The principal rivers which empty into thb lake are the Fosc,

Lake Shore & Michigan Southern

LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN R A I LW AT. The main line extends from Buffalo, N. Y., to Chicago, IlL, a distance of 539 miles, with various branches of leased and proprietary lines located in the States of Michigan, New York and Ohio, making the mileage of lines operated 1,415.63 miles, of which 862.15 are owned by the company - only 14 miles being in Illinois. The total earnings and income in Illinois, in 1898, were $453,946, and the ezi)enditure6 for the same period, $360,971.- - (History.) The company was formed in 1869, from the consolidation of the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana, the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula, and the Buffalo & Erie, Railroad Companies. The proprietary roads have been acquired since the consolidation.

LAMR; James- L«; pioneer merchant, was bom in Connellsville, Pa., Nov. 7, 1800; at 12 years of age went to Cincinnati to serve as clerk in the store of a distant relative, came to Kaskaskia, IlL, in 1820, and soon after engaged in mercantile business with Thomas Mather, who had come to IlUnois two years earlier. Later, the firm established a store at Chester and shipped the first barrels of pork from Illinois to the New Orleans market. In 1881 Mr. Lamb located in Springfield, afterwards carrying on merchandising and porkpacking extensively; also established an iron foundry, which continued in operation until a few years ago. Died, Dec. 3, 1873.

LAMB, Martha J. B« N«, magazine editor and historian, was bom (Martha Joan Reade Nash) at Plainfield, Mass., August 13, 1829, received a thorough education and, after her marriage in 1852 to Charles A. Lamb, resided for eight years in Chicago, IlL, where she was one of the principal founders of the Home for the Friendless and Half Orphan Asylum, and Secretary of the Sanitary Fair of 1863. In 1866 she removed to New York and gave her after life to literary work, from 1883 until her death being editor of "The Magazine of Ajmerican History,** besides furnishing numerous papers on historical and other subjects; also publishing some sixteen volumes, one of her most important works being a "History o^ New -York City," in two volumes. She was a member of nearly thirty historical and other learned societies. Died, Jan. 2, 1893.

and educated at Transylvania University; was Attomey-Ceneral of the State by appointment of Governor Carlin, 1840-43, at that time being a resident of Jacksonville. He is described by his contemporaries as an able and brilliant man, but of convivial habits and unscrupulous to such a degree that his name was mixed up with a number of official scandals. Separated from his family, he died of delirium tremens, at Whitehall, Greene County.

LAMOILLE^ a village of Bureau County, on the Mendota-Fulton branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, 9 miles northwest of Mendota; in rich farming and stock-raising region; has a bank, three churches, fine school-building, and one weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 576; (1910), 555.

LAMON^ Ward Hill, lawyer, was bom at Mill Creek, Frederick County, W. Va., Jan. 6, 1828; received a common school education and was engaged in teaching for a time; also began the study of medicine, but relinquished it for the law. About 1847-48 he located at Danville, 111., subsequently read law with the late Judge Oliver L. Davis, attending lectures at the Louisville Law School, where he had Gen. John A. Logan for a class-mate. On admission to the bar, he became the Danville partner of Abraham Lincoln - the partnership being in existence as early as 1852. In 1859 he removed to Bloomington, and, in the Presidential campaign of 1860, was a zealous supporter of Mr. Lincoln. In February, 1861, he was chosen by Mr. Lincoln to accompany him to Washing^n, making the perilous night journey through Baltimore in Mr. Lincoln's company. Being a man of undoubted courage, as well as almost giant stature, he soon received the appointment of Marshal of the District of Columbia, and, in the first weeks of the new administration, made a confidential visit to Colonel Anderson, then in command at Fort Sumter, to secure accurate information as to the situation there. In May, 1861, he obtained authority to raise a regiment, of which he was commissioned Colonel, remaining in the field to December, when he returned to the discharge of his duties as Marshal at Washington, but was absent from Washington on the night of the assassination - April 14, 1865. Resigning his office after this event, he entered into partnership for the practice of law with the late Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania. Some years later he published the first volume of a proposed Life of Lincoln, using material whicli he obtained from Mr. Lincoln's Springfield partner. William H. Hemdon, but the second volume was never issued. His death occurred at Martins-

LANARK, a city in Carroll County, 19 miles by rail southwest of Freeport, and 7 miles east of Mount Carroll The surrounding country is largely devoted to grain-growing, and Lanark has two elevators and is an important shippingpoint. Manufticturing of various descriptions is carried on. The city has two banks (one National and one State), eight churches, a graded and high school, and a weekly newspaper. Population (1900), 1,306; (1910), 1,175.

LANDESy Silas Z«^ ex-Congressman, was bom in Augusta County, Va., May 15, 1842. In early youth he removed to Illinois, and was admitted to the bar of this State in August, 1863, and has been in active practice at Mount Carmel since 1864. In 1872 he was elected State's Attorney for Wabash County, was re-elected in 1876, and again in 1880. He represented the Sixteenth Illinois District in Congress from 1885 to 1889, being elected as a Democrat. Died May 23, 1910.

LANDRIGAN, John, farmer and legislator, was bom in County Tipperary, Ireland, in 1882, and brought to America at one year of age, his parents stopping for a time in New Jersey. His early life was spent at Lafayette, Ind. After completing his education in the seminary there, he engaged in railroad and canal contracting. Coming to Illinois in 1858, he purchased a farm near Albion, Edwards County, where he has since resided. He has been twice elected as a Democrat to the House of Representatives (1868 and '74) and twice to the State Senate (1870 and '96), and has been, for over twenty ye^rs, a member of the State Agricultural Society - for four years of that time being President of the Board, and some sixteen years Vice-President.

LANE, Albert Grannis, educator, was bom in Cook County, IlL, March 15, 1841, and educated in the public schools, graduating with the first class from the Chicago High School in 1858. He immediately entered upon the business of teaching as Principal, but, in 1869, was elected Superintendent of Schools for Cook County. After three years' service as cashier of a bank, he was elected County Superintendent, a second time, in 1877, and regularly every four years thereafter until 1890. In 1891 he was chosen Superintendent of Schools for the city of Chicago, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Superintendent Howland - a position which he continued to fill until the appointment of E. B. Andrews,

LANE, Edward, ex-Ck)ngressman, was bom in Cleveland. Ohio, March 27, 1842, and became a resident of Illinois at the age of 16. After receiving an academic education he studied law and was admitted to the Illinois bar in February, 1865. Since then he has been a successful practitioner at Hillsboro. From 1869 to 1873 he served as County Judge. In 1886 he was the successful Democratic candidate for Congress from the Seventeenth Illinois District and re-elected for three successive terms, but was defeated by Frederick Remann (Etepublican) in 1894, and again by W. F. L. Hadley, at a special election, in 1895, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Remann.

LANFHIER, Charles H., journalist, was bom at Alexandria, Va., April 14, 1820; from 4 years of age lived in Washington City; in 1886 entered the office as an apprentice of '*The State Register*' at Vandalia, 111., (then owned by his brotherin-law, William Walters). Later, the paper was removed to Springfield, and Walters, having enlisted for the Mexican war in 1846, died at St. Louis, en route to the field. Lanphier, having thus succeeded to the management, and, finally, to the proprietorship of the paper, was elected public printer at the next session of the Legislature, and, in 1847, took into partnership George Walker, who acted as editor until 1858. Mr. Lanphier continued the publication of the paper until 1863, and then sold out. During the war he was one of the State Board of Ajmy Auditors appointed by Governor Yates; was elected Circuit Clerk in 1864 and re-elected in 1868, and, in 1872, was Democratic candidate for State Treasurer but defeated with the rest of his party. Died March 17, 1903.

LARCOMy Lncy^ author and teacher, bom at Beverly, Mass., in 1826; attended a grammar school and worked in a cotton mill at Lowell, becoming one of the most popular contributors to **The Lowell Offering," a magazine conducted by the factory girls, thereby winning the acquaintance and friendship of the poet Whittier. In 1846 she came to Illinois and, for three years, was a student at Monticello Female Seminary, near Alton, meanwhile teaching at intervals in the vicinity. Returning to Massachusetts she taught for six years; in 1865 established **Our Young Folks," of which she was editor until 1874. Her books, both poetical and prose, have taken a high rank for their elevated literary and moral tone. Died, in Boston, April 17, 1893.

LABICED, Edward Channiiigy lawyer, was bom in Providence, R. I., July 14, 1820; graduated at Brown University in 1840 ; was Professor of Mathematics one year in Kemper College, Wis., then studied law and, in 1847, came to Chicago. He was an earnest opponent of slavery and gained considerable deserved celebrity by a speech which he delivered in 1851, in opposition to the fugitive slave law. He was a warm friend of Abraham Lincoln and, in 1860, made speeches in his support ; was an active member of the Union Defense Committee of Chicago during the war, and, in 1861, was appointed by Mr. Lincoln United States District Attorney of the Northern District of Illinois, but compelled to resign by failing health. Being absent in Europe at the time of the fire of 1871, he returned immediately and devoted his attention to the work of the Relief and Aid Society. Making a second visit to Europe in 1872-73, he wrote many letters for the press, also doing much other literary work in spite of declining health. Died at Lake Forest, ni., September, 1884.

LA SALLE, a city in La Salle Coimty, 99 miles southwest of Chicago, situated on the Illinois River at southern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and at intersection of three trunk lines of railroads. Bituminous coal abounds and is extensively mined ; zinc smelting and the manufacture of glass and hydraulic and Portland cement are leading industries; has an abimdant supply of fine sand for glass manufacture; is connected with adjacent towns by electric railways, and with Peoria by daily river packets; two daily papers. Pop. (1900), 10,446; (1910), 11,537.

LA SALLE, Beni Robert Cayeller, Siear de, a famous explorer, bom at Rouen, France, in 1643; entered the Jesuit order, but conceiving that he had mistaken his vocation, came to America in 1666. He obtained a grant of land about the Lachine Rapids of the St. Lawrence, above Montreal. It was probably his intention to settle there as a grand seigneur; but, becoming interested in stories told him by some Seneca Indians, he started two years later in quest of a great waterway, which he believed led to the South Sea (Pacific Ocean) and afforded a short route to China. He passed through Lake Ontario, and is believed to have discovered the Ohio. The claim that he reached the Illinois River at this time has been questioned. Having re-visited France in 1677 he was given a patent of nobility and extensive land-grants in Canada. In 1679 he visited the Northwest and explored the great lakes, finally reaching the head of Lake Michigan and erecting a fort near the mouth of the St. Joseph River. From there he made a portage to the Illinois, which he descended early in 1680 to Lake Peoria, where he began the erection of a fort to which, in consequence of the misfortunes attending the expedition, was given the name of Creve-Coeur. Returning from here to Canada for supplies, in the following fall he again appeared in Illinois, but found his fort at Lake Peoria a ruin and his followers, whom he had left there, gone. Compelled again to return to Canada, in the latter part of 1681 he set out on his third expedition to Illinois, and making the portage by way of the Chicago and Des Plaines Rivers, reached "Starved Rock,'* near the present city of Ottawa, where his lieutenant, Tonty, had already begun the erection of a fort. In 1683, accompanied by Tonty, he descended the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers, reaching the Gulf of Mexico on April 9. He gave the region the name of Louisiana. In 1683 he again returned to France and was commissioned to found a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi, which he unsuccessfully attempted to do in 1684, the expedition finally landing about Matagorda Bay in Texas. After other fruitless attempts (death and desertions having seriously reduced the number of his colonists), while attempting to reach Canada, he was murdered by his companions near Trinity River in the present State of Texas, March 19, 1687. Another theory regarding La Sailers ill-starred Texas expedition is, that he intended to establish a colony west of the Mississippi, with a view to contesting with the Spaniards for the possession of that region, but that the French government failed to give him the support which had been promised, leaving him to his fate.

LA SALLE COUNTY; one of the wealthiest counties in the northeastern section, being second in size and in population in the State It was organized in 1831, and has an area of 1,152 square miles; population (1900), 87,776. The history of this region dates back to 1675, when Marquette established a mission at an Indian village on the Illinois River about where Utica now stands, eight miles west of Ottawa. La Salle (for whom the county is named) erected a fort here in 1682, which was, for many years, the headquarters for French missionaries and traders. Later, the Illinois Indians were well-nigh exterminated by starvation, at the same point, which has become famous in Western history as "Starved Rock." The surface of the county is undulating and slopes toward the Illinois River. The soil is rich, and timber abounds on the bluffs and along the streams. Water is easily procured. Four beds of coal underlie the entire county, and good building stone is quarried at a depth of 150 to 200 feet. Excellent hydraulic cement is made from the calciferous deposit, Utica being especially noted for this industry. The First American settlers came about the time of Captain Long's survey of a canal route (1816). The Dlinois & Michigan Canal was located by a joint corps of State and National engineers in 1830. (See Illinois <fc Michigan Canal.) During the Black Hawk War, La Salle County was a prominent base of military operations. Pop. (1910), 90,132.

LATHBOP, William, lawyer and Congressman, was born in Genesee County, N. Y., April 17, 1825. His early education was acquired in the common schools. Later he read law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in 1851, making his home in Central New York imtil his removal to Illinois. In 1856 he represented the Rockford District in the lower house of the General Assembly, and, in 1876, was elected, as a Republican, to represent the (then) Fourth Illinois District in Congress.

LA TANTUM, the name given, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, to the principal village of the Illinois Indian's, situated on the Illinois River, near the present town of Utica, in La Salle County. (See Starved Rock.)

LAWLEBy Franky was bom at Rochester, N. Y., June 25, 1842. His first active occupation was as a news-agent on railroads, which business he followed for three years. He learned the trade of a ship-calker, and was elected to the Presidency of the Ship-Carpenters' and Ship- Calkers' Association. While yet a young man he settled in Chicago and, in 1869, was appointed to a clerical position in the postoffice in that city ; later, served as a letter-carrier, and as a member of the City Council (1876-84). In 1884 he was elected to Congress from the Second District, which he represented in that body for three cuccessive terms. While serving his last year in Congress (1890) he was an unsuccessful candidate on the Democratic ticket for Sheriff of Cook County; in 1893 was an unsuccessful applicant for the Chicago postmastership, was defeated as an Independent-Democrat for Congress in 1894, but, in 1895, was elected Alderman for the Nineteenth Ward of the city of Chicago. Died, Jan. 17, 1896.

LAWLEB^ (Gen.) Michael K.^ soldier, was bom m County Kildare, Ireland, Nov. 16, 1814, brought to the United States in 1816, and, in 1819, to Qallatin County, HI., where his father began farming. The younger Lawler early evinced a military taste by organizing a military company in 1842, of which he served as Captain three or four years. In 1846 he organized a company for the Mexican War, which was attached to the Third Regiment Illinois Volunteers (Colonel Forman*s), and, at the end of its term of enlistment, raised a company of cavalry, with which he served to the end of the war - in all, seeing two and a half years' service. He then resumed the I>eaceful life of a farmer; but, on the breaking out of the rebellion, again gave proof of his patriotism by recruiting the Eighteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry - the first regiment organized in the Eighteenth Congressional District - of which he was commissioned Colonel, entering into the three years' service in May, 1861. His regiment took part in most of the early engagements in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, including the capture of Fort Donelson, where it lost heavily. Colonel Lawler himself being severely wounded. Later, he was in command, for some time, at Jackson, Tenn., and. in November, 1862, was commissioned Brigadier-Oeneral "for gallant and meritorious service." He was also an active participant in the operations against Vicksburg, and was thanked on the field by Ceneral Grant for his service at the battle of Big Black, pronounced by Charles A. Dana (then Assistant Secretary of War) "one of the, most splendid exploits of the war. ' ' After the fall of Vicksburg he took part in the siege of Jackson, Miss., and in the campaigns on the Teche and Red River, and in Texas, also being in command, for six months, at Baton Rouge, La. In March, 1865, he was brevetted Major-General, and muster^ out, January, 1866, after a service of four years and seven months. He then returned to his Gallatin CJounty farm, where he died, July 26, 1882.

LAWLER, Thomas G., soldier and Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, was bom in Liverpool, Eng.. April 7, 1844; was bn)ught to Illinois by his parents in childhood, and, at 17 years of age, enlisted in the Nineteenth Illinois Volunteers, serving first as a private, then as Sergeant, later being elected First Lieutenant, and (although not mustered in, for two months) during the Atlanta campaign being in command of his company, and placed on the roll of honor by order of General Rosecrans. He participated in every battle in which his regiment was engaged, and, at the battle of Missionary Ridge, was the first man of his command over the enemy's works. After the war he became prominent as an officer of the Illinois National Guard, organizing the Bockford Rifles, in 1876, and serving as Colonel of the Third Regiment for seven years; was appointed Postmaster at Rockford by President Hayes, but removed by Cleveland in 1885; reappointed by Harrison, again displaced on the accession of Cleveland, reinstated by McKinley and oontinued in office under President Roosevelt. He was one of the organizers of G. L. Nevius Post, G. A. R., served as Commander thirty-nine years, and, in 1894, was elected Commander-in-Chief, serving on© year.

LAWRENCE^ Charles B., jurist, was bom at Vergennes, Vt., Dec. 17, 1820. After two years spent at Middlebury College, he entered the junior class at Union College, graduating from the latter in 1841. He devoted two years to teaching in Alabama, and began reading law at Cincinnati in 1843, completing his studies at St. Louis, where he was admitted to the bar and began practice in 1844. The following year he removed to Quincy, 111., where he was a prominent practitioner for ten years. The years 1856-58 he spent in foreign travel, with the primary object of restoring his impaired health. On his return home he began farming in Warren County, with the same end in view. In 1861 he accepted a nomination to the Circuit Court bench and was elected without opposition. Before the expiration of his term, in 1864, he was elected a Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court for the Northern Grand Division, and, in 1870, became Chief Justice. At this time his home was at Oalesburg. Failing of a re-election in 1873, he removed to Chicago, and at once became one of the leaders of the Cook County bar. Although persistently urged by personal and political friends, to permit his name to be used in connection with a vacancy on the bench of the United States Supreme Court, he steadfastly declined. In 1877 he received the votes of the Republicans in the State Legislature for United States Senator against David Davis, who was elected. Died, at Decatur, Ala., April 9, 1883.

LAWRENCE COUNTY, one of the eastern coxmties in the '^southern tier,'' originally a part of Edwards, but separated from the latter in 1821, and named for Commodore Lawrence. In 1910 its area was 362 square miles, and its population 22,661. The first Enghsh-speaking settlers seem to have emigrated from the colony at Vincennes, Ind. St. Francisville, in the southeastem portion, and Allison prairie, in the northeast, were favored by the American pioneers. Settlement was more or less desultory until after the

War of 1812. Game was abundant and the soil productive. About a dozen negro families found homes, in 1819, near Lawrenceville, and a Shaker colony was established about Charlottesville the same year. Among the best remembered pioneers are the families of Lautermann, Chubb, Kincaid, Buchanan and Laus - the latter having come from South Carolina. Toussaint Dubois, a Frenchman and father of Jesse K. Dubois, State Auditor (1857-64), was a large land proprietor at an early day, and his house was first utilized as a court house. The county is richer in historic associations than in populous towns. Lawrenceville, the county-seat, was credited with 865 inhabitants by the census of 1890. St. Francisville and Sumner are flourishing towns.

LAWRENCEVILLE, the county-seat of Law rence County, is situated on the Embarras River, at the intersection of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railways, 9 miles west of Vincennes, Ind., and 189 miles east of St. Louis. It has a courthouse, .four churches, a graded school and two weekly newspapers. Population (1890), 865; (1900), 1,300; (1910), 3,235.

LAWSOX, Victor F., journalist and newspaper proprietor, was bom in Chicago, of Scandinavian parentage, Sept. 9, 1850. After graduating at the Chicago High School, he prosecuted his studies at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and at Harvard University. In August, 1876, he purchased an interest in "The Chicago Daily News," being for some time a partner of Melville E. Stone, but became sole proprietor in 1888, publishing morning and evening editions. He reduced the price of the morning edition to one cent, and changed its name to 'The Chicago Record." He has always taken a deep interest in the cause of popular education, and, in 1888, established a fund to provide for the distribution of medals among public school children of Chicago, the award to be made upon the basis of comparative excellence in the preparation of essays upon topics connected with American history.

LEBANON^ a city in St. Clair County, situated on Silver Creek, and on the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, 11 miles northeast of Belleville and 24 miles east of St. Louis; is located in an agricultural and coal-mining region. Its manufacturing interests are limited, a flouring mill being the chief industry of this character. The city has electric lights and electric trolley line connecting with Belleville and St. Louis; also has a bank, eight churches, one weekly paper and is an important educational center, being the seat of McKendree College, founded in 1828. Pop. (1900), 1,812; (1910), 1,907.

LEE COUNTY, one of the third tier of counties south of the Wisconsin State line; named for Richard Henry Lee of Revolutionary fame; area, 728 square miles; population (1910), 27,750. It was out off from Ogle County, and separately organized in 1889. In 1840 the population was but little over 2,000. Charles F. Ingals, Nathan R. Whitney and James P. Dixon were the first County-Commissioners. Agriculture is the principal pursuit, although stone quarries are found here and there, notably at Ashton. The countyseat is Dixon, where, in 1828, one Ogee, a halfbreed, built a cabin and established a ferry across the Rock River. In 1830, John Dixon, of New York, purchased Ogee*s interest for $1,800. Settlement and progress were greatly retarded by the Black Hawk War, but immigration fairly set in in 1838. ' The first court house was built in 1840, and the same year the United States Land Oflfice was removed from Galena to Dixon, CoL John Dement, an early pioneer, being appointed Receiver. Dixon was incorporated as a city in 1859, and, in 1910, had a population of 7,216.

LELANDy Edwin S.^ lawyer and Judge, was bom at DennysviUe, Me., August 28, 1812, and admitted to the bar at Dedham, Mass., in 1884 In 1835 he removed to Ottawa, 111., and, in 1839, to Oregon, Ogle County, where he practiced for four years. Returning to Ottawa in 1843, he Tapidly rose in his profession, imtil, in 1852, he was elected to the Circuit Court bench to fill the unexpired term of Judge T. Lyle Dickey, who had resigned. In 1866 Governor Oglesby appointed him Circuit Judge to fill the unexpired term of Judge Hollister. He was elected by popular vote in 1867, and re-elected in 1873, being assigned to the Appellate Court of the Second District in 1877. He was prominently identified with the genesis of the Republican party, whose tenets he zealously championed. He was also prominent in local affairs, having been elected the first Republican Mayor of Ottawa (1856), President of the Board of Education and County Treasurer. Died, June, 24, 1889.

in the War of the Revolution, being present at the surrender of Comwallis at Yorktown in 1781 ; in 1786 came to Illinois, settling at the village of New Design, near the present site of Waterloo, in Monroe County. He was a man of enterprise and sterling integrity, and ultimately became the head of one of the most prominent and influential families in Southern Illinois. He is said to have been the first person admitted to the Baptist Church by immersion in Illinois, finally becoming a minister of that denomination. Of a family of eight children, four of his sons became ministers. Mr. Lemen's prominence was indicated by the fact that he was approached by Aaron Burr, with offers of large rewards lor his infiuence in founding that ambitious schemer*s projected Southwestern Empire, but the proposals were indignantly rejected and the scheme denounced. Died, at Waterloo, Jan. 8, 1822.~Bobert (Lemen), oldest son of the preceding, was bom in Berkeley County, Va., Sept. 25, 1788; came with his father to Illinois, and, after his marriage, settled in St. Clair County. He held a commission as magistrate and, for a time, was United States Marshal for Illinois under the administration of John Quincy Adams. Died in Ridge Prairie, St. Clair County, August 24, I860. - Rev. Joseph (Lemen), the second son, was bom in Berkeley County, Va., Sept. 8, 1785, brought to Illinois in 1786, and, on reaching manhood, married Mary Kinney, a daughter of Rev. William Kinney, who afterwards became Lieutenant-Governor of the State. Joseph Lemen settled in Ridge Prairie, in the northern part of St. Clair County, and for many years supplied the pulpit of the Bethel Baptist church, which had been founded in 1809 on the principle of opposition to human slavery. His death occurred at his home, June 29, 1861. - ^BeT« James (Lemen), Jr., the third son, was bom in Monroe County, 111., Oct. 8, 1787; early united with the Baptist Church and became a minister - assisting in the ordination of his father, whose sketch stands at the head of this article. He served as a Delegate from St. Clair Coimty in the first State Constitutional Convention (1818), and as Senator in the Second, Fourth and Fifth Oeneral Assemblies. He also preached extensively in Illinois, Missouri, and Kentucky, and assisted in the organization of many churches, although his labors were chiefly within his own. Mr. Lemen was the second child of American parents bom in Illinois - Enoch Moore being the first. Died, Feb. 8, 1870. - William (Lemen), the fourth son, bom in Monroe County, 111., in 1791; served as a soldier in the Black Hawk War. Died in Monroe

Comity, in 1857. - Rer* JosUh (Lemen), the fifth son, bom in Monroe County, 111., August 15, 1794; was a Baptist preacher. Died near Duquoin, July 11, 1867. - Rev. Moses (Lemen), the sixth son, bom in Monroe County, 111., in 1797; became a Baptist minister early in life, served as Representative in the Sixth General Assembly (1828-80) for Monroe County. Died, in Montgomery County, m., March 5, 1859.

LEXONT, a city in Cook County, 25 miles southwest of Chicago, on the Des Piaines River and the Chicago & Alton Railroad. A thick vein of Silurian limestone (Athens marble) is extensively quarried here, constituting the chief industry. Owing to the number of industrial enterprises, Lemont is at times the temporary home of a large number of workmen. The city has a bank, electric lights, six churches, two papers, five public and four private schools, one business college, aluminum and concrete works. Population of the township (1900), 4,441; of the city (1910), 2,284.

LE MOTNEy John T.^ ex-Congressman, was bom in Washington County, Pa., in 1828, and graduated from Washington College, Pa., in 1847. He studied law at Pittsburg, where he was admitted to the bar in 1852. He at once removed to Chicago, where he continued a permanent resident and active practitioner. In 1872 he was a candidate for Congress on the Liberal Republican ticket, but was defeated by Charles B. Farwell, Republican. In 1874 he was again a candidate against Mr. Farwell. Both claimed the election, and a contest ensued which was decided by the House in favor of Mr. Le Moyne.

LENA) a village in Stephenson County, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 18 miles northwest of Freeport and 88 miles east of Galena. It is in a farming and dairying district, but has some manufactures, the making of caskets being the principal industry in this line. There are six churches, two banks, and one newspaper. Popufction (1890), 1,270; (1900), 1,252; (1910), 1,168.

LEONARD, Edward F., Railway President, was bom in Connecticut in 1836; graduated from Cnion College, N. Y., was admitted to the bar and came to Springfield, 111., in 1858; served for several years as clerk in the office of the State Auditor, was afterwards connected with the construction of the "St. Louis Short Line'' (now a part of the Illinois Central Railway), and was private secretary of Grovemor CuUom during his first term. For several years he has been President of the Toledo, Peoria & Western Railroad, with headquarters at Peoria.

LEROT9 a city in McLean Ck>unty, 15 miles southwest of Bloomington; has two banks, several churches, a graded school and a plow factory .^ Two weekly papers are published there. Population (1890), 1,258; (1900), 1,629; (1910), 1,702.