Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 4 of 26)

BlIDl,a village in Bureau County, at the junction of the main line with the Buda and Rushville branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and the 3terliDg and Peoria branch of the Chicago & Northwestern. 12 miles southwest of Princeton and 117 miles west-southwest of Chicago; has excellent water- works, electriclight plant, brick and tile factory, fine churches, graded school, a bank and one newspaper Dairying is carried on quite extensively and a good-sized creamery is located here. Population (1890), 990; (1900), 873; (1910), 887.

BUFORD, Napoleon Bonaparte, banker and soldier, was bom in Woodford Coimty. Ky., Jan. 13. 1807; graduated at West Point Military Academy, 1827. and served for some time as Lieutenant of Artillery; entered Harvard Law School in 1831, served as Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy there (1834-35), then resigned his commission, and, after some service as an engineer upon public works in Kentucky, established himself as an iron-founder and banker at Rock Island, IlL, in 1857 becoming President of the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service, as CJolonel of the Twenty-seventh Illinois, serving at various points in Western Kentucky and Tennessee, as also in the siege of Vicksburg, and at Helena, Ark., where he was in command from September. 1863, to March, 1865. In the meantime, by promotion, he attained to the rank of Major- Creneral by brevet, being mustered out in August, 1865. He subsequently held the post of Special United States Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1868), and that of Inspector of the Union Pacific Railroad (1867-69). Died, March 28, 1883.

years of age, where he remained until 17, attending school in a log school-house in the winter and working on a farm in the summer. His family then removed to Illinois, finally locating at Barry, Pike County. In 1842 he entered the preparatory department of Shurtleff College at Upper Alton, graduating there in 1847. He was immediately made Principal of the preparatory department, remaining two years, when he was ordained to the Baptist ministry and became pastor of a church at Jerseyville. Four years later he was appointed Professor of Mathematics in Shurtleff College, but remained only two years, when he accepted the pastorship of a church at Carrollton, which he continued to fill nine years, when, in 1864, he was called to a church at Upper Alton. At the expiration of one year he was again called to a professorship in Shurtleff College, this time taking the chair of Church History and Chiurch Polity, which he continued to fill for a period of thirty-four years; also serving for a time as Acting President during a vacancy in that ofiice. During this period he was frequently called upon to preside as Mod* erator at (General Associations of the Baptist Church, and he became widely known, not only in that denomination, but elsewhere. Died at Upper Alton, Jan. 16, 1899.

BULL) Lorenzo^ banker, Quincy, IlL, was bom in Hartford, Conn., March 21, 1819, being the eldest son of Lorenzo and Elizabeth Gk)odwin Bull. His ancestors on both sides were of the party who, under Thomas Hooker, moved from the vicinity of Boston and settled Hartford in 1634. Leaving Hartford in the spring of 1833, he arrived at Quincy, IlL, entirely without means, but soon after secured a position with Judge Henry H. Snow, who then held most of the coimty offices, being Clerk of the County Commissioners' Court, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Recorder, Judge of Probate, Notary Public and Justice of the Peace. ' Here the young clerk made himself acquainted with the people of the county (at that time few in niunber), with the land-system of the country and with the legal forms and methods of procedure in the courts. He remained with Judge Snow over two years, receiving for his services, the first year, six dollars per month, and, for the second, ten dollars per month, besides his board in Judge Snow s family. He next accepted a situation with Messrs. Holmes, Brown & Co., then one of the most prqminent mercantile houses of the city, remaining through various changes of the firm until 1844, when he formed a partnership with his brother under the firm name of L. & C. H. Bull, and opened a store for the sale of hardware and crockery, which was the first attempt made in Quincy to separate the mercantile business into different departments. Disposing of their business in 1861, the firm of L. & C. H. Bull embarked in the private banking business, which they continued in one location for about thirty years, when they organized the State Savings Loan & Trust Company, in which he held the position of President imtil 1898, when he retired. Mr. Bull has always been active in promoting the improvement and growth of the city; was one of the five persons who built most of the horse railroads in Quincy, and was, for about twenty years, President of the Company. The Quincy waterworks were sometime owned entirely by himself and his son. He never sought or held political office, but at one time was the active President of five distinct business corporations. He was also for some five years one of the Trustees of Illinois College at Jacksonville. He was married in 1844 to Miss Margaret H. Benedict, daughter of Dr. Wm. M. Benedict, of Milbury, Mass., and they had five children. In politics he was a Republi* can, and in religious associations a Congregationalist. Died THar. 2, 1905. - Charles Henry (Bull), brother of the preceding, was bom in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 16, 1822, and removed to Quincy, IlL, in June, 1837. He commenced business as a clerk in a general store, where he remained for seven years, when he entered into partnership with his brother, Lorenzo Bull, in the hardware and crockery business^ to which was subsequently added dealing in agricultural implements. This business was continued until the year 1861, when it was sold out, and the brothers established themselves as private bankers under the same firm nama A few years later they organized the Merchants* and Farmers' National Bank, which was mainly owned and altogether managed by them. Five or six years later this banl| was wound up, when they returned to private banking, continuing in this business imtil 1891, when it was merged in the State Savings Loan & Trust Company, organized under the laws of Hlinob with a capital of $800,000, held equally by Lorenzo Bull, Charles H. Bull and Edward J. Parker, respectively, as President, Vice-President and Cashier. Near the close of 1898 the First National Bank of Quincy was merged into the State Savings Loan & Trust Company with J. H. Warfield, the President of the former, as President of the consolidated concern. Mr. Bull was one of the parties who originally organized the Quincy, Missouri & P^ific Railroad Company in 1869 -a road intended to be built from Quincy, 111., across the State of Missouri to Brownsville, Neb., and of which he was (1898) the President, the name having been changed to the Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railway. He was also identified with the construction of the system of street railways in Quincy, and continued active in their management for about twenty years. He was also active in various other public and private enterprises, and has done much to advance the growth and prosperity of the city. Died Nov. 27, 1908.

BUNKER HILL^a city of Macoupin County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, 87 miles northeast of St. Louis; has electric-lighting plant; telephone service, coal mine, flouring mill, wagon and various other manufactories, two banks, two newspapers, opera house numerous churches, public library, a military academy and fine public schools, and many handsome residences; is situated on high ground in a rich agricultural and dairying region and an important. shipping-point. Pop. (1910), 1,046.

BUNN, Jacob, banker and manufacturer, was bom in Hunterdon County, N. J., in 1814; came to Springfield in 1836, and, four years later, began business as a grocer, to which he afterwards added that of private banking, continuing until 1878. During a part of this time his bank was one of the best known and widely regarded as one of the most solid institutions of its kind in the State. Though crippled by the financial revulsion of 1873-74 and forced investments in depreciated real estate, he paid dollar for dollar. After retiring from banking in 1878, he assumed charge of the Springfield Watch Factory, in which he was a large stockholder, and of which he became the President. Mr. Bunn was, between 1866 and 1870, a principal stockholder in "The Chicago Republican'* (the predecessor of '*The Inter-Ocean*'), and was one of the bankers who came to the aid of the State Gk>vemment with financial assistance at the beginning of the Civil War. Died at Springfield, Oct. 16, 1897. - John W. (Bunn), brother of the preceding and successor to the grocery business of J. & J. W. Bunn, has been a prominent business man of Springfield. Served many years as Treasurer of the State Agricultural Board and of Illinois State University; is now President of the Marine Bank, Springfield.

dty and at Berlin University; while still a student took part in the Peninsular War which resulted in the downfall of Napoleon, but resuming his studies in 1816, graduated three years later. He then founded a boys' school at Frankfort, which he maintained fourteen years, when, having been implicated in the republican revolution of 1883. he was forced to leave the country, locating the following year on a farm in St. Clair Ck>imty, nL Here he finally became a teacher in the public schools, served in the State Constitutional Ck>nvention of 1847. was elected School Commissioner of St. Clair Coimty, and, having removed to Belleville in 1855, there conducted a private school for the instruction of teachers while discharging the duties of his ofifice; later was appointed a member of the first State School Board, serving imtil 1800, and taking part in the establishment of the Illinois State Normal Uni - versity, of which he was a zealous advocate. He was idso a contributor to "The Illinois Teacher, and, for several years prior to his death, served as Superintendent of Schools at Belleville without compensation. Died, November, 1872.

BURCHARD, Horatio C*, ex Congressman, was bom at Marshall, Oneida County. N. Y., Sept. 22, 1825; graduated at Hamilton College, N. Y., in 1850. and later removed to Stephenson County, nL, making his home at Freeport. By profession he was a lawyer, but had also been largely interested in mercantile pursuits. From 1857 to 1860 he was School Commissioner of Stephenson County ; from 1863 to 1866 a member of the State Legislature, and from 1869 to 1879 a Representative in Congress, being each time elected as a Republican, for the first time as the successor of R B. Washbume. After retiring from Congress, he served for six years (1879-85) as Director of the United States Mint at Philadelphia, with marked ability. During the World's CJolumbian Exposition at Chicago (1893), Mr. Burchard was in charge of the Bureau of Awards in connection with the Mining Department, afterwards resuming practice of his profession. Died Mar. 14, 1908.

BURBETTE, Robert Jones, journalist and humorist, was bom in Greensborough, Pa., July 80> 1844. and taken to Peoria, III., in early life, where he was educated in the public schools. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the Forty -seventh Illinois Volimteers and served to the end of the war; adopted journalism in 1869, being employed upon "The Peoria Transcript" and other papers of that city. LAter he became associated with --The Burlington (Iowa) Hawkeye," upon which he gained a wide reputation as a genial humorist. Several volumes of his sketches have bees published, but in recent years he has devoted hij attention chiefly to lecturing with occasional contributions to the literary press.

BUREAU COUNTY, set off from Putnam Ck)unty in 1837. near the center of the northern half of the State, Princeton being made the county-seat. Coal had been discovered in 1834, there being considerable quantities mined at Mineral and Selby. Sheffield also has an important coal trade. Public lands were offered for sale as early as 1835, and by 1844 had been nearly all sold. Princeton was platted in 1832, and. in 1890. contained a population of 8,396. The county has an area of 846 square miles, and, according to the census of 1910, a population of 43,975. The pioneer settler was Henry Thomas, who erected the first cabin, in Bureau township, in 1828. He was soon followed by the Ament brothers (Edward. Justus and John L. ) , and for a time settlers came in rapid succession, among the earliest being Amos Leonard. Daniel Dimmick, John Hall. William Hoskins, Timothy Perkins, Leonard

Indian disturbances in 1831 caused a hegira of the settlers, some of whom never returned. In 1833 a fort was erected for the protection of the whites, and, in 1836, there began a new and large influx of immigrants. Among other early settlers were John H. and Arthur Bryant, brothers of the poet, William Cullen Bryant.

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, established in 1879, being an outgrowth of the agitation and discontent among the laboring classes, which culminated in 1877-78. The Board consists of five Commissioners, who serve for a nominal compensation, their term of office being two years. They are nominated by the Executive and confirmed by the Senate. The law requires that three of them shall be manual laborers and two employers of manual labor. The Bureau is charged with the collection, compilation and tabulation of statistics relative to labor in Ulinois, particularly in its relation to the commer* cial, industrial, social, educational and sanitary conditions of the working classes. The Commission is required to submit biennial reports. Those already published contain much information of value concerning coal and lead mines, convict labor, manufactures, strikes and lockouts, wages, rent, cost of living, mortgage indebtedness, and kindred topics.

from Brown University in 1888 and from the G^eneral Theological Seminary (New York) in 1841. He was made a Deacon, Nov. 8. 1842. and ordained a priest, Nov. 1, 1848. Prior to his elevation to the episcopate he was rector of various parishes in Maine, at Brooklyn, N. Y., and at Springfield, Mass. He represented the dioceses of Maine, Long Island and Massachusetts in the General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church from 1844 to 1877, and, in the latter year, was President of the House of Deputies. Upon the death of his brother Greorge, Bishop of Maine, he was chosen by the clergy of the diocese to succeed him, but declined. When the diocese of Quincy. IlL was created, he was elected its first Bishop, and consecrated at Christ Chiurch, Springfield, Mass., on May 15, 1878. Besides publishing a memoir of his brother. Bishop Burgess is the author of several Sunday-school question books, carols and hymns, and has been a contributor to periodical church literature. His residence is at Peoria.

BUBLET, Artlmr Gilman, merchant, was bom at fbceter, N. H., Oct. 4, 1812, received his education in the local schools, and, in 1885, came West, locating in Chicago. For some two years he served as clerk in the boot, shoe and clothing store of John Holbrook, after which he accepted a position with his half-brother, Stephen F. Gale, the proprietor of the first book and stationery store in Chicago. In 1888 he invested his savings in a bankrupt stock of crockery, purchased from the old State Bank, and entered upon a business career which was continued uninterruptedly for nearly sixty years. In that time Mr. Burley built up a business which, for its extent and success, was unsurpassed in its time in the West. His brother-in-law, Mr. John Tyrrell, became a member of the firm in 1852, the business thereafter being conducted imder the name of Burley & Tyrrell, with Mr. Burley as President of the Company until his death, which occurred, August 27, 1897. - Augrustns Harris (Burley), brother of the preceding, was bom at Exeter, N. H, March 28, 1819 ; was educated in the schools of his native State, and, in his youth, was employed for a time as a clerk in Boston. In 1887 he came to Chicago and took a position as clerk or salesman in the book and stationery store of his halfbrother, Stephen F. Gale, subsequently became a partner, and, on the retirement of Mr. Gale a few years later, succeeded to the control of the business. In 1857 he disposed of his book and stationery business, and about the same time became one of the founders of the Merchants'

Loan and Trust Company, with which he was connected as a Director several years. Mr. Burley was a member of the volunteer fire department organized in Chicago in 1841- Among tlie numerous public positions held by him may be mentioned, member of the Board of PublicWorks (1867-70), the first Superintendent of Lincoln Park (1869), Representative from Cook County in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly (1870-72), City Comptroller during the administration of Mayor Medill (1872-78), and again undor Mayor Roche (1887), and member of the City Council (1881-82). Politically, Mr. Burley had been a zealous Republican and served on the Chicago Union Defense Committee in the first year of the Civil War, and was a delegate from the State-at-large to the National Republican C!on vention - at Baltimore in 1864, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency a second time. Died Nov. 27, 1903.

BURNHAM, Daniel Hudson^ architect, was bom at Henderson, N. Y., Sept. 4, 1846; came to Chicago at 9 years of age; attended private schools and the Chicago High School, after which he spent two years at Waltham, Mass., receiving special instruction; returning to Chicago in 1867, he was afterwards associated with various firms. About 1878 he formed a business connection with J. W. Root, architect, which extended to the death of the latter in 1891. The firm of Bumham & Root furnished the plans of a large number of the most conspicuous business buildings in Chicago, but won their greatest distinction in connection with the construction of buildings for the World's Columbian Exposition, of which Mr. Root was Supervising Architect previous to his death, while Mr. Bumham was made Chief of C!onstruction and, later. Director of Works. In this capacity his authority was almost absolute, but was used with a discretion that contributed greatly to the success of the enterprise.

BURR) Albert G*« former Congressman, was bom in (Genesee CJounty, N. Y.. Nov. 8, 1829; came to Illinois about 1882 with his widowed mother, who settled in Springfield. In early life he became a citizen of Winchester, where he read law and was admitted to the bar, also, for a time, following the occupation of a printer. Here he was twice elected to the lower house of the (General Assembly (1860 and 1862), meanwhile serving as a member of the State Constitutional Ck>nvention of 1862. Having removed to C!arrollton, Greene Coimty, he was elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth and Forty-first CJongresses (1866 and 1868), serving until March 4, 1871. In August, 1877, he was elected Circuit Judge to fill a

BUBBELL^ Orlando, member of Congress, was bom in Bradford County, Pa. ; removed with his parents to White County, 111., in 1834, growing up on a farm near Carmi; received a common school education; in 1850 went to California, driving an ox-team across the plains. Soon after the beginning of the Civil War (1861) he raised a company of cavalry, of which he was elected Captain, and which became a part of the First Regiment Illinois Cavalry; served as Coimty Judge from 1873 to 1881, and was elected Sheriff in 1886. In 1894 he was elected Representative in Congp*ess as a Republican from the Twentieth District, composed of counties which formerly constituted a large part of the old Nineteenth District, and which had uniformly been represented by a Democrat. He suffered defeat as a candidate for re-election in 1896.

BUBBOUGHS, John Cnrtls, clergyman and educator, was bom in Stamford, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1818; graduated at Yale College in 1842, and Madison Theological Seminary in 1846. After five years spent as pastor of Baptist churches at Waterford and West Troy, N. Y., in 1852 he assumed the pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Chicago; about 1856 was elected to the presidency of the Chicago University, then just established, having previously declined the presidency of Shurtleff College at Upper Alton. Resigning his position in 1874, he soon after became a member of the Chicago Board of Education, and, in 1884, was elected Assistant Superintendent of Public Schools of that city, serving until his death, April 21, 1892.

BUSET, Samuel T*^ banker and ex-Congressman, was bom at Greencastle, Ind., Nov. 16, 1835; in infancy was brought by his parents to Urbana, IlL, where he was educated and has since resided. From 1857 to 1859 he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, but during 1860-61 attended a commercial college and read law. In 1862 he was chosen Town Collector, but resigned to enter the Union Army, being commissioned Second Lieutenant by (Governor Yates, and assigned to recruiting service. Having aided in the organization of the Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteers, he was commissioned its Lieutenant- Colonel, August 12, 1862 ; was afterward promoted to the colonelcy, and mustered out of service at Chicago, August 6, 1865, with the rank of Brevet Brigadier-GeneraL In 1866 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the General Assembly on the Democratic ticket, and for Trustee of the State

University in 1888. From 1880 to 1889 he was Mayor and President of the Board of Education of Urbana. In 1867 he opened a private bank, which he conducted for twenty-one years. In 1890 he was elected to Congress from the Fifteenth Illinois District, defeating Joseph G. Can non, Republican, by whom he was in tum defeated for the same office in 1892. Died Aug. 12, 1909.

BUSHNELL, a flourishing city and manufacturing center in McDonough County, 11 miles northeast of Macomb, at the junction of two branches of the Chicago, Burlington & Quinoy with the Toledo, Peoria & Westem Raikoads; has numerous manufactories, including wooden pumps, flour, agricultural implements, wagons and carriages, tank and fence-work, rural mailboxes, mattresses, brick, besides egg and poultry packing houses; also has water- works and electric lights, grain elevators, three banks, several churches, graded public and high schools, two newspapers and a public library. Pop. (1910), 2,619.

BUSHNELL, Nehemiah, lawyer, was bom in the town of Westbrook, Conn., Oct. 9, 1813, graduated at Yale College in 1835, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1837, coming in December of the same year to Quincy, III., where, for a time, he assisted in editing *'The Whig*' of that city, later forming a partnership with O. H. Browning, which was never fully broken until his deaths In his practice he gave much attention to land titles in the "Military Tract" ; in 1851 was President of the portion of the Northem Cross Railroad between Quincy and Galesburg (now a part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy), and later of the Quincy Bridge Company and the Quincy & Palmyra (Mo.) Railroad. In 1872 he was elected by the Republicans the '^minority" Representative from Adams County in the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, but died during the succeeding session, Jan. 81, 1878. He was able, high-minded and honorable in pubUo and private life.

BUSHNELL, Washington^ lawyer and Attoi^ ney-General, was bom in Msuiison County, N. Y., Sept. 30, 1825; in 1837 came with his father to Lisbon, Kendall County, IlL, where he worked on a farm and taught at times ; studied law at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., was admitted to the bar and established himself in practice at Ottawa, IlL The public positions held by him were those of State Senator for La Salle County (1861-69) and Attorney -General (1869-73) ; was also a member of the Republican National Convention of 1864, besides being identified with various business enterprises at Ottawa. Died, June 30, 1885.

BUTLER, William, State Treasurer, was bom in Adair County, Ky., Dec. 15. 1797; during the war of 1812, at the age of 16 years, served as the messenger of the Governor of Kentucky, carrying dispatches to Gen. William Henry Harrison in the field; removed to Sangamon County, IlL. in 1828, and, in 1836, was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court by Judge Stephen T. Logan. In 1859 he served as foreman of the Grand Jury which investigated the "canal scrip frauds" charged against ez^Govemor Matteson, and it was largely through his influence that the proceedings of that body were subsequently published in an official form. During the same year Governor Bissell appointed him State Treasurer to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of James Miller, and he was elected to the same office in 1860. Mr. Butler was an ardent supporter of Abraham Lincoln, whom he efficiently befriended in the early struggles of the latter in Springfield. He died in Springfield. Jan. 11, 1876.

BUTTERFIELD, Jastin, early lawyer, was bom at Keene, N. H., in 1790. He studied at Williams College, and was admitted to the bar at Watertown, N. Y., in 1812. After some years devoted to practice at Adams and at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., he removed to New Orleans, where he attained a high rank at the bar. In 1835 he settled in Chicago and soon became a leader in his profession there also. In 1841 he was appointed by President Harrison United States District Attorney for the District of Illinois, and, in 1849, by President Taylor Commissioner of the General Land Office, one of his chief competitors for the latter place being Abraham Lincoln. This distinction he probably owed to the personal influence of Daniel Webster, then Secretary of State, of whom Mr. Butterfield was a personal friend and warm admirer. While Commissioner, he rendered valuable service to the State in securing the canal land grant. As a lawyer he was logical and resourceful, as well as witty and quick at repartee, yet his chief strength lay before the Court rather than the jury. Nimierous stories are told of his brilliant sallies at the bar and elsewhere. One of the former relates to his address before Judge Nathaniel Pope, of the United States Court at Springfield, in a habeasoorpus case to secure the release of Joseph Smith, the Mormon prophet, who was under arrest imder the charge of complicity in an attempt to assassinate Governor Boggs of Missouri. Rising to begin his argument, Mr. Butterfield said: '*I am to address the Pope'' (bowing to the Court), **surrounded by angels** (bowing still lower to a party of ladies in the audience), 'in the presence of the holy apostles, in behalf of the prophet of the Lord.** On another occasion, being asked if he was opposed to the war with Mexico, he replied, ''I opposed one war** - meaning his opposition as a Federalist to the War of 1812 - -*but learned the folly of it. Henceforth I am for war, pestilence and famine.** He died, Oct. 25, 1855.

BTFORD, William H., physician and author, was born at Eaton, Ohio, March 20, 1817; in 1880 came with his widowed mother to Crawford 0>unty, 111., and began learning the tailor*s trade at Palestine; later studied medicine at Vincennes and practiced at different points in Indiana. Meanwhile, having graduated at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1850, he assimied a professorship in a Medical College at Evansville, Ind., also editing a medical joumaL In 1857 he removed to Chicago, where he accepted a chair in Rush Medical College, but two years later became one of the foimders of the Chicago Medical College, where he remained twerty years. He then (1879) returned to Rush, assuming the chair of Gynecology. In 1870 he assisted in foimding the Woman*8 Medical College of Chicago, remaining President of the Faculty and Board of Trustees until his death. May 21, 1890. He published a number of medical works which are regarded as standard by the profession, besides acting as associate of Dr. N. S. Davis in the editorship of **The Chicago Medical Journal** and as editor-in-chief of **The Medical Journal and Examiner," the successor of the former. Dr. Byford was held in the highest esteem as a physician and a man, both by the general public and his professional associates.

BTRON, a village of Ogle County, in a picturesque region on Rock River, at junction of the Chicago Great Western and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railways 88 miles west-northwest from Chicago; is in rich farming and dairying district; has two banks and one weekly paper. Population (1C90), 698; (1900), 1,015; (1910), 932.

CABLE9 a town in Mercer Ck)imty, on the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad, 26 miles south by east from Rock Island. Coal-mining is the principal industry, but there are also tile works, a good quality of clay for manufacturing purposes beingfound in abundance. Population (1880), 572; (1890), 1,276; (1900), 697; (1910), 360.

Augnat 11, 1853. When he was three year? old his father's family removed to Rock Island, 111., where he has since resided. After passing through the Rock Island public schools, he matriculated at the University of Michigan, graduating in June, 1876. He owns extensive ranch and manufacturing property, and is reputed wealthy ; is also an active Democratic politician, and influential in his party, having been a member of both the National and State Central Committees. In 1890 he was elected to Congress from the Eleventh Illinois District, but since 1893 has held no public office.

CIBLE^ Ransom R.^ railway manager, was bom in Athens County, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1834. His early training was mainly of the practical sort, and by the time he was 17 years old he was actively employed as a lumberman. In 1857 he removed to Illinois, first devoting his attention to coial mining in the neighborhood of Rock Island. Later he became interested in the projection and management of railroads, being in turn Superintendent, Vice-President and President of the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. His next position was that of General Manager of the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis Raibroad. His experience in these positions rendered him familiar with both the scope and the details of railroad management, while his success brought him to the favorable notice of those who controlled railway interests all over the country. In 1876 he was elected a Director of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway. In connection with this company he also held, successively, the offices of Vice-President, Assistant to the President, General Bianager and President, being chief executive officer from 1880. Died Nov. 12, 1909. (See ChicagOy Rock Island & Pacific Railway.)

CAHOKIA) the first permanent white settlement in Illinois, and, in French colonial times, one of its principal towns. French Jesuit missionaries established the mission of the Tamaroas here in 1700, to which they gave the name of '*Sainte Famille de Caoquias," antedating the settlement at Kaskaskia of the same year by a few months. Cahokia and Kaskaskia were jointly made the county -seats of St. Clair County, when that county was organized by (Governor St. Clair in 1790. Five years later, when Randolph County was set off from St. Clair, Cahokia was continued as the county-seat of the parent county, 80 remaining until the removal of the seat of justice to Belleville in 1814 Like its early rival, Kaskaskia, it has dwindled in importance until, in 1890, its population was estimated at 100. Descendants of the early French settlers make up a considerable portion of the present population. The site of the old town is on the line of the Baltimore &. Ohio Southwestern Railroad, about four miles from East St. Louis. Some of the most remarkable Indian mounds in the Mississippi Valley, known as '*the Cahokia Mounds, " are located in the vicinity. (See Mound- Builders, Works of the.)

CAIRNE89 Abraham^ a native of Kentucky, in 1816 settled in that part of Crawford County, IlL, which was embraced in Lawrence Coimty on the organization of the latter in 1821. Mr. Caimes was a member of the House for Crawford County in the Second General Assembly (1820-22), and for Lawrence Coimty in the Third (1822-24), in the latter voting against the pro-slavery Convention scheme. He removed from Lawr^ioe County to some point on the Mississippi River in 1826, but further details of his history are unknown.

CAIRO9 the county-seat of Alexander County, and the most important river point between/ St. Louis and Memphis. Its first charter was obtained from the Territorial Legislature by Shadrach Bond (afterwards Governor of Illinois), John G. Comyges and others, who incorporated the * *Cit V and Bank of Cairo. ' ' The company entered about 1,800 acres, but upon the death of Mr. Comyges, the land reverted to the Government. The forfeited tract was re-entered in 1835 by Sidney Breese and others, who later transferred it to the "Cairo City and Canal Company," a corporation chartered in 1837, which, by purchase, increased its holdings to 10,000 acres. Peter Stapleton is said to have erected the first house, and John Hawley the second, within the town limits. In consideration of certain privileges, the Illinois 'Central Railroad has erected around the water front a substantial levee, eighty feet wide. During the Civil War Cairo was an important base for military operations; is ah important shipping point; has flouring mills and other factories; 2 daily and 3 weekly papers. Pop. (1910), 14.548.

CAIBO BRIDOE, THE, one of the triumphs of modem engineering, erected by the Illinois Central Railroad Company across the Ohio River, opposite the city of Cairo. It is the longest metallic bridge across a river in the world, being thirty -three feet longer than the Tay Bridge, in Scotland. The work of construction was begun, July 1, 1887, and uninterruptedly prosecuted for twenty-seven months, being completed, Oct. 29, 1889. The first train to cross it was made up of ten locomotives coupled together. The ap- preaches from both the Illinois aif^ Kentucky shores consist of iron viaducts and well-braced timber trestles. The Illinois viaduct approach consists of seventeen spans of 150 feet each, and one span of 106^ feet. All these rest on cylinder piers filled with concrete, and are additionally supported by piles driven within the cylinders. The viaduct on the Kentucky shore is of similar general construction. The total number of spans is twenty-two - twenty-one being of 150 feet each, and one of 106X feet. The total length of the metal work, from end to end, is 10,650 feet, including that of the bridge proper, which is 4644 feet. The latter consists of nine through spans and three deck spans. The through spans rest on ten first-class masonry piers on pneumatic foundations. The total length of the bridge, including the timber trestles, is 20,461 feet - about 8^ miles. [Four-fifths of the Illinois trestle work has been filled in with earth, while that on the southern shore has been virtually replaced by an embankment since the completion of the bridge. The bridge proper stands 10442 feet in the clear above low water, and from the deepest foundation to the top of the highest iron work is 248.94 feet. The total cost of the work, including the filling and embankment of the trestles, has been (1895) between $8,250,000 and $8,500,000.

CAIRO^ TINCEIOrES & CHICAGO BAILROAB^ a division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, extending from Danville to Cairo (261 miles), with a branch nine miles in length from St. Francisville, IlL, to Vincennes, Ind. It was chartered as the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad in 1867, completed in 1872, placed in the hands of a receiver in 1874, sold imder foreclosure in January, 1880, and for some time operated as the Cairo Division of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. In 1889, having been surrendered by the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, it was united with the Danville & Southwestern Railroad, reorganized as the Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago Railroad, and, in 1890, leased to the Cleveland, C^cinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, of which it is known as the "Cairo Division." (See Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago iSb St. Louis Railtoay. )

Wethersfield, Conn., Feb. 21, 1778, and received his literary education at Hartford, and his professional at Rutland, Vt. He married a daughter of Hon. Matthew Lyon, who was a native of Ireland, and who served two terms in Congress from Vermont, four from Kentucky (1808-11), and was elected the first Delegate in Congress from Arkansas Territory, but died before taking his seat in August, 1822. Lyon was also a resident for a time of St. Louis, and was a candidate for Delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory, but defeated by Edward Hempstead (see Hempstead, Edward). Dr. Caldwell descended the Ohio River in 1799 in company with Lyon^s fa!mily and his brother-in-law, John Meesinger (see Messinger, John), who afterwards became a prominent citizen of St. Clair County,, the party locating at Eddyville, Ky. In 1802, Caldwell and Messinger removed to Illinois, landing near old Fort Chartres, and remained some time in the American Bottom. The former finally located on the banks of the Mississippi a few miles above St. Louis, where he practiced his profession and held various public offices, including those of Justice of the Peace and County Judge for St. Clair Coimty, as also for Madison County after the organization of the latter. He served as State Senator from Madison County in the First and Second General Assemblies (1818-22), and, having removed in 1820 within the limits of what is now Morgan County (but still earlier embraced in Greene), in 1822 was elected to the Senate for Greene and Pike Counties - the latter at that time embracing all the northern and northwestern part of the State, including the county of Cook. During the following session of the Legislature he was a sturdy opponent of the scheme to make Illinois a slave State. His home in Morgan County was in a locality known as **Swinerton's Point," a few miles west of Jacksonville, where he died, August 1, 1826. (See Slavery and Slave Laws.) Dr. Caldwell (or ^ Cadwell, as he was widely known) commanded a high degree of respect among early residents of Illinois. Governor Reynolds, in his '^Pioneer History of Illinois," says of him: "He was moral and correct in his public and private life, - . . was a respectable physician, and always maintained an unblemished character. "

CALHOUlf^ John^ pioneer printer and editor, was bom at Watertown, N. Y., April 14, 1808; learned the printing trade and practiced it in his native town, also working in a type-foundry in Albany and as a compositor in Troy. In the fkll of 1888 he came to Chicago, bringing with him an outfit for the publication of a weekly paper, and, on Nov. 26, began the issue of 'The Chicago Democrat" - ^the first paper ever published in that dty. Mr. Calhoun retained the management of the paper three years, transferring it in November. 1836, to John Wentworth, who conducted i^ ' until its absorption by **The Tribune" in July, 1861. Mr. Calhoun afterwards served as County Treasurer, still later as Collector, and, finally, as agent of the Illinois Central Railroad in procuring right of way for the construction of its lines. Died in Chicago, Feb. 20, 1859.

CALHOUN^ Johikf surveyor and politician, was bom in Boston, Mass., Oct. 14, 1806; removed to Springfield, 111., in 1880, served in the Black Hawk War and was soon after appointed County Surveyor. It was under Mr. Calhoun, and by his appointment, that Abraham Lincoln served for some time as Deputy Surveyor of Sangamon County. In 1838 Calhoun was chosen Representative in the General Assembly, but was defeated in 1840, though elected Clerk of the House at the following session. He was a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1844, was an unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for Governor in 1846, and, for three terms (1849, '60 and '51). served as Mayor of the city of Springfield. In' 1852 he was defeated by Richard Yates (afterwards (Governor and United States Senator), as a candidate for Congress, but two years later was appointed by President Pierce Surveyor-Gteneral of Kansas, where he became discreditably conqttcuous by his zeal in attempting to carry out tiie policy of the Buchanan administration for Tw^iHtig Kansas a slave State - especially in connection with the Leoompton Constitutional Convention, with the election of which he had much to do, and over which he presided. Died at St. Jos^h, Mo., Oct. 25, 1859.

CAIMOXrSf William J.^ lawyer, was bom in Pittsburg, Pa., Oct. 5, 1847. After residing at various points in that State, his family removed to Ohio, where he worked on a f^urm until 1864, when he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantiy, serving to the end of the war. He participated in a number of severe battles while with Sherman on the march against Atlanta, returning with General Thomas to Nashville, Tenn. During the last few months of the war he served in Texas, being mustered^ out at San Antonio in that State, though receiving his final discharge at Columbus, Ohio. After the war he entered the Poland Union Seminary, where he became the intimate personal friend of Maj. William McElnley, who was elected to the

Presidency in 1896. Having graduated at the seminary, he came to Areola, Douglas County, IlL, and began the study of law, later taking a course in a law school in Chicago, after which he was admitted to the bar (1875) and established himself in practice at Danville as the partner of the Hon. Joseph B. Mann. In 1882 Mr. Calhoun was elected as a Republican to the lower branch of the Thirty-third General Assembly and, during the following session, proved himself one of the ablest members of that body. In May, 1897, Mr. Calhoun was appointed by President McKinley a special envoy to investigate the circumstanoee attending the death of Dr. Ricardo Ruiz, a naturalized citizen of the United States who had died while a prisoner in the hands of the Spaniards during the rebellion then in progress in Cuba. In 1898 he was appointed a member of the Inter- State Commerce Commission, is now (1911*) Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China.

CALHOUN COUNTTy situated between the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, just above their junction. It has an area of 254 square miles, with a population (1910) of 8,610; was oiganized in 1825 and named for John C. Calhoun. Originally, the county was well timbered and the early settlers were largely engaged in lumbering, which tended to give the population more or less of a migratory character. Much of the timber has been clea^red off, and the principal business in later years has been agriculture, although coal is found and mined in paying quantities along Silver Oeek. Tradition has it that the aborigines found the precious metals in the bed of this stream. It was originaUy included within the limits of the Military Tract set apart for the veterans of the War of 1812. The physical conformation of the county's surface exhibits some peculiarities. Limestone bluffs, rising sometimes to the height of 200 feet, skirt the banks of both rivers, while through the center of the county runs a ridge dividing the two watersheds. The side valleys and the top of the central ridge are alike fertile. The bottom lands are very rich, but are liable to inundation. The countyseat and principal town is Hardin, with a population (1890) of 311.

CALLAHAIf, Ethelbert, lawyer and legislator, was bom near Newark, Ohio, Dec. 17, 1829; came to CJrawford County, IlL, in 1849, where he farmed, taught school and edited, at different times, *The Wabash Sentinel" and *'The Marshall Telegraph.'' He early identified himself with the Republican party, and, in 1864, was the Republican candidate for Congress in his dia- triot; became a member of the first State Board of Equalization by appointment of Oovemor Oglesby in 1867; served in the lower house of the General Assembly during the sessions of 1875, '91, '93 and '95, and, in 1898-95, on a Joint Committee to revise the State Revenue Laws. He was also Presidential Elector in 1880, and again in 1888. Mr. Callahan was admitted to the bar when past 80 years of age, and was President of the State Bar Association in 1889. His home is at Robinson.

CALUMET RIYER^a short stream the main body^of which is formed by the union of two branches which come together at the southern boundary of the city of Chicago, and which flows into Lake Michigan a short distance north of the Indiana State line. The eastern branch, known as the Grand Calumet, flows in a westerly direction from Northwestern Indiana and unites with the Little Calumet from the west, 8>i miles from the mouth of the main stream. From the southem limit of Chicago the general course of the stream is north between Lake Calumet and Wolf Lake, which it serves to drain. At its mouth, Calumet Harbor has been constructed, which admits of the entrance of vessels of heavy draught, and is a shipping and receiving point of importance for heavy freight for the Illinois Steel Works, the P^illman Palace Car Works and other manufacturing establishments in that vicinity. The river is regarded as a navigable stream, and has been dredged by the General Government to a depth of twenty feet and 200 feet wide for a distance of two miles, with a depth of sixteen feet for the remainder of the distance to the forks. The Calumet feeder for the Illinois and Michigan Canal extends from the west branch (or Little Calumet) to the canal in the vicinity of Willow Springs. The stream was known to the early French explorers as '*the Calimic,'* and was sometimes confounded by them with the Chicago River.

CALUMET RIYER RAILROAD, a short Une, 443 miles in length, lying wholly within Cook County. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company is the lessee, but the line is not operated at present (1898). Its outstanding capital stock is $68,700. It has no fimded debt, but has a floating debt of $116,357, making a total capitalization of $185,087*. This road extends from One Hundredth Street in Chicago to Hegewisch, and was chartered in 1883. (See Pennsylvania Railroad.)

CAMBRIDGE, the oounty-seat of Henry County, about 160 miles southwest of Chicago, on the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. It is situated in a fertile region chiefly devoted to agriculture and stock-raising. The city is a considerable grain market and has some manufaotories. Some coal is also mined. It has a public library, three newspapers, three banks, good schools, and handsoma public (county) buildings. PopuUtion (1880), 1,203; (1890), United States census report, 940; (1900), 1,345; (1910), 1,272.

CAMERON, James, Cumberland Presbyterian minister and pioneer, was born in Kentucky in 1791, came to Illinois in 1815, and, in 1818, settled in Sangamon County. In 1829 he is said to have located where the town of New Salem (afterwards associated with the early history of Abraham Lincoln) was built, and of which he and James Rutledge were the founders. He is also said to have officiated at the funeral of Ann Rutledge, with whose memory Mr. Lincoln's name has been tenderly associated by his biographers. Mr. Cameron subsequently removed successively to Fulton Coimty, Jll, to Iowa and to California, dying at a ripe old age, in the latter State, about 1878.

CAMP DOUGLAS, a Federal military camp established at Chicago early in the War of the Rebellion, located between Thirty-flrst Street and College Place, and Cottage Grove and Forest Avenues. It was originally designed and solely used as a camp of instruction for new recruits. Afterwards it was utilized as a place of confinement for Confederate prisoners of war. (For plot to liberate the latter, together with other similar prisoners in Illinois, see Camp Douglas Con^racy. )

CAMP DOUGLAS CONSPIRACY, a plot formed in 1864 for the liberation of the Confederate prisoners of war at Chicago (in Camp Douglas), Rock Island, Alton and Springfield. It was to be but a preliminary step in the execution of a design long cherished by the Confederate Government, viz., the seizing of the organized governments of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the formation of a Northwestern Confederacy, through the cooperation of the "Sons of Liberty. ** (See Secret Treasonable Societies. ) Three peace conmiissioners (Jacob Thompson, C. C. Clay and J. P. Holcomb), who had been sent from Richmond to Canada, held frequent conferences with leaders of the treasonable organizations in the North, including Clement L. Vallandigham, Bowles, of Indiana, and one Charles Walsh, who was head of the movement in Chicago, with a large number of allies in that city and scattered throughout the States. The general management of the affair was entrusted to Capt. Thomas H. Hines, who had been second in command to the rebel Qen. John Morgan during his raid north of the Ohio River, while Ck)l. Vincent Marmaduke, of Missouri, and G. St. Leger Grenfell (an Englishman) were selected to carry out the military program. Hines followed out his instructions with great zeal and labored inde&ktigably. Thompson's duty was to disseminate incendiary treasonable literature, and strengthen the timorous **Sons of Liberty'* by the use of argument and money, both he and his agents being lavishly supplied with the latter. There was to be a draft in July, 1864, and it was determined to arm the "Sons of Liberty" for resistance, the date of uprising being fixed for July 20. This part of the scheme, however, was finally abandoned. Captain Hines located himself at Chicago, and personally attended to the distribution of funds and the purchase of arms. The date finally fixed for the attempt to liberate the Southern prisoners was August 29, 1864, when the National Democratic Convention was to assemble at Chicago. On that date it was expected the city would be so crowded that th& presence of the promised force of * 'Sons'' would not excite comment. The program also included an attack on the city by water, for which purpose reliance was placed upon a horde of Canadian refugees, under Capt. John B. Castleman. There were some 26,500 Southern prisoners in the State at this time, of whom about 8,000 were at Chicago, 6,000 at Rock Island, 7,500 at Springfield, and 5,000 at Alton. It was estimated that there were 4,000 "Sons of Liberty" in Chicago, who would be largely reinforced. With these and the Canadian refugees the prisoners at Camp Douglas were to be liberated, and the army thus formed was to march upon Rock Island, Springfield and Alton. But suspicions were aroused, and the Camp was reinforced by a regiment of infantry and a battery. The organization of the proposed assailing force was very imperfect, and the great majority of those who were to compose it were lacking in courage. Not enough of .the latter reported for service to justify an attack, and the project was postponed. In the meantime a preliminary part of the plot, at least indirectly connected with the Camp Douglas conspiracy, and which contemplated the release of the rebel officers confined on Johnson's Island in Lake Erie, had been "nipped in the bud" by the arrest of Capt. C. H. Cole, a Confederate officer in disguise, on the 19th of September, just as he was on the point of putting in execution a scheme for seizing the United States steamer Michigan at Sandusky, and putting on board of it a Confederate crew. November 8 was the date next selected to carry out the Chicago scheme - the day of President Lincoln's second election. The same preliminaries were arranged, except that no water attack was to be made. But Chicago was to be burned and flooded, and its banks pillaged. Detachments were designated to apply the torch, to open fire plugs, to levy arms, and to attack banks. But representatives of the United States Secret Service had been initiated into the "Sons of Liberty," and the plans of Captain Hines and his associates were well known to the authorities. An efficient body of detectives was put upon their track by Gen. B. J. Sweet, the commandant at Camp Douglas, although some of the most valuable service in running down the conspiracy and capturing its agents, was rendered by Dr. T. Winslow Ayer of Chicago, a Colonel Langhome (an ex-Confederate who had taken the oath of allegiance without the knowledge of some of the parties to the plot), and CoL J. T. Shanks, a Confederate prisoner who was known as "The Texan." Both Langhome and Shanks were appalled at the horrible nature of the plot as it was unfolded to them, and entered with zeal into the effort to defeat it. Shanks was permitted to escape from Camp Douglas, thereby getting in communication with the leaders of the plot who assisted to conceal him, while he faithfully apprised General Sweet of their plans. On the night of Nov. 6 - or rather after midnight on the morning of the 7th - General Sweet caused simultaneous arrests of the leaders to be made at their hiding-places. Captain Hines was not captured, but the following conspirators were taken into custody: Captains Cantrill and Traverse; Charles Walsh, the Brigadier-General of the "Sons of Liberty," who was sheltering them, and in whose bam and house was foimd a large quantity of arms and military stores; Cols. St. Leger Grenfell, W. R. Anderson and J. T. Shanks; R. T. Semmes, Vincent Marmaduke, Charles T. Daniel and Buckner S. Morris, the Treasurer of the order. They were tried by Military Commission at Cincinnati for conspiracy. Marmaduke and Morris were acquitted; Anderson committed suicide during the trial; Walsh, Semmes and Daniels were sentenced to the penitentiary, and Grenfell was sentenced to be hung, although his sentence was afterward commuted to life imprisonment at the Dry Tortugas, where he mysteriously disappeared some years afterward, but whether he escaped or was drowned in the attempt to do so has never been known. The British (Government had made repeated attempts to secure his release, a brother of his being a General in the British Army. Daniels managed to escape, and was never recaptured, while Walsh and Semmes, after imdergoing brief terms of imprisonment, were pardoned by President Johnson. The subsequent history of Shanks, who played so prominent a part in defeating the scheme of wholesale arson, pillage and assassination, is interesting. While in prison he had been detailed for service as a clerk in one of the offices under the direction of General Sweet, and, while thus employed, made the acquaintance of a young lady member of a loyal family, whom he afterwards married. After the exposure of the contemplated uprising, the rebel agents in Canada offered a reward of $1,000 in gold for the taking of his life, and he was bitterly persecuted. The attention ol President Lincoln was called to the service rendered by him, and sometime during 1865 he received a commission as Captain and engaged in fighting the Indians upon the Plains. The efficiency shown by Colonel Sweet in ferreting out the conspiracy and defeating its consunmiation won for him the gratitude of the people of Chicago and the whole nation, and was recognized by the Government in awarding him a commission as Brigadier-GeneraL (See Benjamin J. Sweet, Camp Douglas and Secret Treaeonable Societies.)

CAMPBELL) Alexander, legislator and Congressman, was bom at Concord, Pa., Got. 4, 1814. After obtaining a limited education in the common schools, at an early age he secured employment as a clerk in an iron manufactory. He soon rose to the position of superintendent, managing iron-works in Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Missouri, until 1850, when he removed to Illinois, settling at La Salle. He was twice (1852 and 1853) elected Mayor of that city, and represented his county in the Twenty-first General Assembly (1859). He was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1862, and served one term (1875-77) as Representative in Congress, being elected as an Independent, but, in 1878, was defeated for re-election by Philip C. Hayes, Republican. Mr. Campbell was a zealous friend of Abraham Lincoln, and, in 1858, contributed liberally to the expenses of the latter in making the tour of the State during the debate with Douglas. He broke with the Republican party in 1874 on the greenback issue, which won for him the title of * 'Father of the Greenback." His death occurred at La Salle, August 9, 1898.

in 1838; was appointed Master in Chancery for Sangamon County in 1849, and, in 1861, to a similar position by the United States District Court for that district. Died, August 11, 1868.

CAMPBELL^ James B.^ Congressman and soldier, was bom in Hamilton County, HL, May 4, 1858, his ancestors being among the first settlers in that section of the State; was educated at Notre Dame University, Ind., read law and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1877 ; in. 1878 purchased "The McLeansboro Times," which he has since conducted; was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly in 1884, and again in '86, advanced to the Senate in 1888, and re-elected in '92. During his twelve years' experience in the Legislature he participated, as a Democrat, in the celebrated Logan-Morrison contest for the United States Senate, in 1885, and assisted in the election of Gen. John M. Palmer to the Senate in 1891. At the close of his last term in the Senate (1896) he was elected to Congress from the Twentieth District, receiving a plurality of 2,851 over Orlando Burrell. Republican, who had been elected in 1894 On the second call for troops issued by the President during the Spanish-American War, Mr. Campbell organized a regiment which was mustered in as the Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of which he was commissioned Colonel and assigned to the corps of Gren. Fitzhugh Lee at Jacksonville, Fla. Although his regiment saw no active service during the war, it was held in readiness for that purpose, and, on the occupation of Cuba in December, 1898, it became a part of the army of occupation. As Colonel Campbell remained with his regiment, he took no part in the proceedings of the last term of the Fifty-fifth Congress, and was not a candidate for re-election in 1898.

CAMPBELL, Thompson, Secretary of State and Congressman, was bom in Chester County, Pa., in 1811 ; removed in childhood to the western part of the State and was educated at Jefferson College, afterwards reading law at Pittsburg. Soon after being admitted to the bar he removed to Galena, HI., where he had acquired some mining interests, and, in 1848, was appointed Secretary of State by Governor Ford, but resigned in 1846, and became a Delegate to the Ck>nstitutional Convention of 1847; in 1850 was elected as a Democrat to Congress from the Galena District, but defeated for re-election in 1852 by E. B. Washbume. He was then appointed by President Pierce Commissioner to look after certain land grants by the Mexican Government in California^ removing to that State in 1858, but resigned this position about 1855 to engage in general practioe. In 1859 he made an extended visit to Europe with his family, and, on his return, located in Chicago, the following year becoming a candidate for Presidential Elector-at-large on the Breckinridge ticket; in 1861 returned to California, and, on the breaking out of the Civil War, became a zealous champion of the Union cause, by his speeches exerting a powerful influence upon the destiny of the State. He also served in the California Legislature during the war. and, in 1864, was a member of the Baltimore Convention which nominated Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency a second time, assisting most ably in the subsequent campaign to carry the State for the Republican ticket. Died in San Francisco, Dec. 6, 1868.

CAMPBELL^ William J.y lawyer and politician, was bom in Philadelphia in 1850. When he was two years old his father removed to Illinois, settling in Cook County. After passing through the Chicago public schools, Mr. Campbell attended the University of Pennsylvania, for two years, after which he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1875. From that date he was in active practice and attained prominence at the Chicago bar. In 1878 he was elected State Senator, and was re-elected in 1882, serving in all eight years. At the sessions of 1881, '88 and '85 he was chosen President pro tempore of the Senate, and, on Feb. 6, 1888, he became lieutenant-Govemor upon the accession of Lieutenant- Gk>vemor Hamilton to the executive office to succeed Shelby M. Cullom, who had been elected United States Senator. In 1888 he represented the First Illinois District in the National Republican Convention, and was the same year chosen a member of the Republican National Committee fdr Illinois and was re-elected in 1882. Died in Chicago, March 4, 1896. For several years inunediately preceding his death, Mr. Campbell was the chief attorney of the Armour Packing Company of Chicago.

CAMP POINT, a village in Adams County, at the intersection of the Chicago, Burlington & Quinoy and the Wabash Railroads, 22 miles eastnortheast of Quinoy. It is a grain center, has one flour mill, two feed mills, one elevator, a pressed brick plant, two banks, four churches, a high school, and one newspaper. Population (1890), 1,150; (1900), 1,260; (1910), 1,148.

CAH AL SCRIP FRAUD. During the session of the Illinois General Assembly of 1859, Qen. Jacob Fry, who, as Commissioner or Trustee, had been associated with the construction of the

Illinois & Michigan Canal from 1887 to 1845, had his attention called to a check purporting to have been issued by the Commissioners in 1889, which, upon investigation, he became convinced was counterfeit, or had been fraudulently issued. Having communicated his conclusions to Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, the State Auditor, in charge of the work of refunding the State indebtedness, an inquiry was instituted in the office of the Fimd Conmiissioner - a position attached to the Covemor's office, but in the charge of a secretary - which developed the fact that a large amount of these evidences of indebtedness had been taken up through that office and bonds issued therefor by the State Auditor under the laws for funding the State debt. A subsequent investigation by the Finance Committee of the State Senate, ordered by vote of that body, resulted in the discovery that, in May and August, 1889, two series of canal "scrip" (or checks) had been issued by the Canal Board, to meet temporary demands in the work of construction - the sum aggregating 1269,059 - of which all but $816 had been redeemed within a few years at the Chicago branch of the Illinois State Bank. The bank officers testified that this scrip (or a large part of it) had, after redemption, been held by them in the bank vaults without cancellation until settlement was had with the Canal Board, when it was packed in boxes and turned over to the Board. After having lain in the canal office for several years in this condition, and a new ''Trustee" (as the officer in charge was now called) having come into the canal office in 1853, this scrip, with other papers, was repacked in a shoe-box and a trunk and placed in charge of Joel A. Matteson, then (Governor, to be taken by him ^o Springfield and deposited there. Nothing further was known of these papers until October, 1854, when $800 of the scrip was presented to the Secretary of th^ Fund Commissioner by a Springfield banker, and bond issued thereon. This was followed in 1856 and 1857 by larger sums, until, at the time the legislative investigation was instituted, it was found that bonds to the amount of $228,182.66 had been issued on account of principal and interest. With the exception of the $300 first presented, it was shown that all the scrip so funded had been presented by Grovemor Matteson, either while in office or subsequent to his retirement, and the bonds issued therefor delivered to him - although none of the persons in whose names the issue was made were known or ever afterward discovered. The developments made by the Senate Finance Committee led to an offer from Matteson to indemnify the State, in which he stated that he had * 'unconsciously and innocently been made the instnmient through whom a gross fraud upon the State had been attempted." He therefore gave to the State mortgages and an indemnifying bond for the siun shown to have been funded by him of this class of indebtedness, upon which the State, on foreclosure a few years later, secured judgment for $255,000, although the property on being sold realized only $238,000. A further investigation by the Legislature, in 1861, revealed the fact that additional issues of bonds for similar scrip had been made amounting to $165,840, for which the State never received any compensation. A search through the State House for the trunk and box placed in the hands of Oovemor Matteson in 1853, while the official investigation was in progress, resulted in the discovery of the trunk in a condition showing it had been opened, but the box was never found. The fraud was made the subject of a protracted investigation by the Grand Jury of Sangamon County in May, 1859, and, although the jury twice voted to indict (Jovemor Matte^n for larceny, it as often voted to reconsider, and, on a third ballot, voted to "ignore the bill."

CANBY, Richard Sprlgg, jurist, was bom in Green County, Ohio, Sept. 30, 1808; was educated at Miami University and admitted to the bar, afterwards serving as Prosecuting Attorney, member of the Legislature and one term (1847-49) in Congress. In 1863 he remoVed to Illinois, locating at Olney, was elected Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit in 1867, resuming practice at the expiration of his term in 1873. Died in Richland County, July 27, 1895. Judge Canby was a relative of Gen. Edward Richard Spriggs Canby, who was treacherously killed by the Modocs in California in 1873.

CANNON^ Joseph G., Congressman, was bom at Guilford, N. C, May 7, 1836, and removed to Illinois in early youth, locating at Danville, Vermilion County. By profession he is a lawyer, and served as State's Attorney of Vermilion County for two terms (1861-68). Incidentally, he is conducting a large banking business at Danville. In 1872 he was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress for the Fifteenth District, and has been re-elected biennially ever since, except in 1890, when he was defeated for the Fifty-second Congress by Samuel T. Busey, his Democratic opponent. He is now (1898) serving his twelfth term as the Representative for the Twelfth Congressional District, and has been re-elected for a thirteenth term in the Fiftysixth Congress (1899-1901). Mr. Cannon has been an influential factor in State and National politics, as shown by the fact that^he has been Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations during the important sessions of the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses.

CANTON^ a flourishing city in Fulton County, 13 miles from the Illinois River, and 28 miles southwest of Peoria. It is the commercial metropolis of one of the largest and richest counties in the **corn belt"; also has abundant supplies of timber and clay for manufacturing purposes. There are coal mines within 4;he municipal limits, and various manufacturing establishments. Among the principal outputs are agricultural implements, flour, brick and tile, cigars, cigar boxes, foundry and machine-shop products, fl rearms, brooms, and marble. The city is lighted by gas and electricity, has water-works, flre department, a public library, six ward schools and one high school, and three newspapers. Population (1890), 5,604; (1900), 6,564; (1910), 10,453.

CAPPSy Jabez^ pioneer, was bom in London, England, Sept. 9, 1796; came to the United States in 1817, and to Sangamon County, 111., in 1819. For a time he taught school in what is now called Round Prairie, in the present County of Sangamon, and later in Calhoun (the original name of a part of the city of Springfield), having among his pupils a number of those who after* wards became prominent citizens of Central Illinois. In 183^, in conjunction with two partners, he laid out the town of Mount Pulaski, the original county-seat of Logan County, where he continued to live for the remainder of his life, and where, during its later period, he served as Postmaster some fifteen years. He also served as Recorder of Logan County four years. Died, April 1, 1896, in the 100th year of his age.

CARBONDALE, a city in Jackson County, founded in 1852, 57 miles north of Cairo, and 91 miles from St. Louis. Three lines of railway center here. The chief industries are ooal-miniog, farming, stock-raising, fruit-growing and lumberiog. It has two preserving plants, eight churches, one daily and two weekly papers, public schools, and is the seat of the Southern Illinois Normal University. Pop. (1910), 5,441.

CARBONDALE & SHAWNEETOWN RAILBOAD^ a short line 17^ miles in length, extending from Marion to Carbondale, and operated by the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company, as lessee. It was incorporated as the Murphysboro Sc Shawneetown Railroad in 1867 ; its name changed in 1869 to The Carbondale &

Shawneetown, was opened for business, Deo. 31, 1871, and leased in 1886 for 980 years to the St. Louis Southern, through whioh it passed into the hands of the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad, and by lease from the latter, in 1896, became a part of the Illinois Central System (which see).

CARET, William, lawyer, was bom in the town of Turner, Maine, Dec. 29, 1826; studied law with Gieneral Fessenden and at Yale Law School, was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Maine in 1856, the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1857, and the Supreme Court of the United States, on motion of Hon. Lyman Trumbull, in 1873. Judge Carey was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1869-70 from Jo Daviess County, and the choice of the Republicans in that body for temporary presiding officer; was elected to the next Greneral Assembly (the Twenty-seventh), serving as Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee through its four sessions; from 1873 to 1876 was United States District Attorney for Utah, still later occupying various offices at Deadwood, Dakota, and in Reno County, Kan. The first office held by Judge Carey in Illinois (that of Superintendent of Schools for the city of Oalena) was conferred upon him through the influence of John A. Rawlins, afterwards Greneral Grant's chief-of-staff during the war, and later Secretary of War - although at the time Mr. Rawlins and he were politically opposed. Mr. Carey's present residence is in Chicago.

CABLINy Thomas^ former was bom of Irish ancestry in Fayette County, Ky., July 18, 1789; emigrated to Illinois in 1811, and served as a private in the War of 1812, and as a Captain in the Black Hawk War. While not highly educated, he was a man of strong common sense, high moral standard, great firmness of character and unfailing courage. In 1818 he settled in Greene County, of which he was the first Sheriff; was twice elected State Senator, and was Register of the Land Office at Quincy, when he was elected Governor on the Democratic ticket in 1838. An uncompromising partisan, he nevertheless commanded the respect and good- will of his political opponents. Died at his home in CarroUton, Feb. 14, 1852.

CABLIN^ William Passmore, soldier, nephew of Gov. Thomas Carlin, was bom at Rich Woods, Greene County, IlL, Nov. 24, 1829. At the age of 21 he graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, and, in 1855, was attached to the Sixth United States Infantry as Lieutenant. After several years spent in Indian fighting, he was ordered to California, where he was promoted to a captaincy and assigned to recruiting duty. On August 15, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteers. His record during the war was an exceptionally brilliant one. He defeated Gen. Jeff. Thompson at Fredericktown, Mo., Oct. 21, 1861 ; commanded the District of Southeast Missouri for eighteen months; led a brigade under Slocum in the Arkansas campsiign ; served with marked distinction in Kentucky and Mississippi; took a prominent part in the battle of Stone River, was engaged in the Tullahoma campaign, at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and, on Feb. 8, 1864, was commissioned Major in the Sixteenth Infantry. He also took part in the Georgia campaign, aiding in the capture of Atlanta, and marching with Sherman to the sea. For gallant service in the assault at Jonesboro, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1864, he was made Colonel in the regular army, and, on March 13, 1865, was brevetted Brigadier-Gtoneral for meritorious service at Benton ville, N. C, and Major- General for service during the war, retiring with rank of Brigadier-General in 1893. Died in Montana, Oct. 4, 1903, on way home at CarroUton, 111. CARLIN YILLEy the county-seat of Macoupin Coimty; a city and railroad junction, 57 miles northeast of St. Louis and 38 miles southwest of Springfield. Blackburn University (which see) is located here. Three coal mines are operated, and there are brick works, tile works, and one daily and two weekly newspapers. The city is an important trade center, has banks, gas and electric light plants and water-works. Pop. (1900), 3,502; (1910), 3,616.

GABLTLE) the county-seat of Clinton County, 48 miles east of St. Louis, located on the Kaskaskia River and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad. The town has churches, parochial and public schools, water-works, lighting plant, and manufactures. It has a flourishing seminary for young ladies, two weekly papers, and a public library connected with the high school. Population (1890), 1,784; (1900), 1,874; (1910), 1,982.

GARMIy the county-seat of White County, on the Little Wabash River, 124 miles east of St. Louis and 38 west of Evans ville, Ind. The surrounding country is fertile, yielding both cereals and fruit. Flouring mills and lumber manufacturing, including the making of staves, are the chief industries, though the city has brick and tile works, a plow factory and foundry. Population (1890), 2,785; (1900), 2,939; (1910), 2,833.

Bepresentative in the Ninth General Assembly (1884) from Hamilton County, serving by successive re-elections in the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth. While a member of the latter (1841) he was elected by the Legislature to the office of State Treasurer, retaining this position until the adoption of the Constitution of 1848, when he was chosen his own successor by popular vote, but died a few days after the election in August, 1848. He was buried in what is now known as the "Old Hutchinson Cemetery" - a burying ground in the west part of the city of Springfield, long since abandoned - where his remains still lie (1897) in a grave unmarked by a tombstone.

CABPEIfTEB, Phllo, pioneer and early druggist, was bom of Puritan and Revolutionary ancestry in the town of Savoy, Mass., Feb. 27, 1805 ; engaged as a druggist's clerk at Troy, N. Y., in 1828, and came to Chicago in 1832, where he established himself in the drug business, which was later extended into other lines. Soon after his arrival, he began investing in lands, which have since become immensely valuable. Mr. Carpenter was associated with the late Rev. Jeremiah Porter in the organization of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, but, in 1851. withdrew on account of dissatisfaction with the attitude of some of the representatives of that denomination on the subject of slavery, identifying himself with the Congregationalist Church, in which he had been reared. He was one of the original founders and most liberal benefactors of the Chicago Theological Seminary, to which he gave in contributions, during his life-time, or in bequests after his death, sums aggregating not far from $100,000. One of the Seminary buildings was named in his honor, "Carpenter Hall." He was identified with various other organizations, one of the most important being the Relief and Aid Society, whiph did such useful work after the fire of 1871. By a life of probity, liberality and benevolence, he won the respect of all classes, dying, August 7, 1886.

CABPEITTEB, (Mrs.) Sarah L. Warren, pioneer teacher, bom in Fredonia, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1818; at the age of 18 she began teaching at State Line, N. Y. ; in 1838 removed with her parents (Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Warren) to Chicago, and soon after began teaching in what was called the "Yankee settlement," now the town of Lockport, Will County. She came to Chicago the following year (1884) to take the place of assistant of Granville T. Sproat in a school for boys, and is said to have beeb the first teacher paid out of the public funds in Chicago, though Miss Eliza Chappell

(afterwards Mrs. Jeremiah Porter) began teach* ing the children about Fort Dearborn in 1833. Miss Warren married Abel E. Carpenter, whom she survived, dying at Aurora, Kane County, Jan. 10, 1897.

CABPENTEBSYILLE, a village of Kane County and manufacturing center, on Lake Geneva branch of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad,6 miles north of East Elgin and about 48 mike from Chicago. Pop. (1900), 1,002; (1910), 1,128.

CARR^ Clark E.^ lawyer, politician and diplomat, was bom at Boston, Erie County, N. Y., May 20, 1836; at 18 years of age accompanied his father's family to Galesburg, 111., where he spent several years at Knox College. In 1857 he graduated from the Albany Law School, but on returning to Illinois, soon embarked in politics, his affiliations being uniformly with the Republican party. His first office was that of Postmaster at Galesburg, to which he was appointed by President Lincoln in 1861 and which he held for twenty-four years. He was a tried and valued assistant of Governor Yates during the War of the Rebellion, serving on the staff of the latter with the rank of ColoneL He was a delegate to the National Convention of his party at Baltimore in 1864, which renominated Lincoln, and took an active part in the campaigns of that year, as well as those of 1868 and 1872. In 1869 he purchased "The Galesburg Republican," which he edited and published for two years. In 1880 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor ; in 1884 was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, from the Stateat-large, and, in 1887, a candidate for the caucus nomination for United States Senator, which was given to Charles B. Farwell. In 1888 he was defeated in the Republican State Convention as candidate for Governor by Joseph W. Fifer. In 1889 President Harrison appointed him Minister to Denmark, which post he filled with marked ability and credit to the country until his resignation was accepted by President Cleveland, when he returned to his former home at Galesburg. While in Denmark he did much to promote American trade with that country, especially in the introduction of American com as an article of food, which has led to a large increase in the annual exportation of this commodity to Scandinavian markets.

CABB^ Eugene A.^ soldier, was bom in Erie County, N. Y., May 20, 1830, and graduated at West Point in 1850, entering the Mounted Rifies. Until 1861 he was stationed in the Far West, and engaged in Indian fighting, earning a First Lieu- tenancy through his gallantry. In 1861 he entered upon active service under Oeneral Lyon, in Southwest Missouri, taking part in the engagements of Dug Springs and Wilson's Creek, winning the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel. In September, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the Third Illinois Cavalry. He served as acting Brigadier-General in Fremont's hundred-day expedition, for a time commanding the Fourth Division of the Army of the Southwest. On the second day at Pea Ridge, although three times wounded, he remained on the field seven hours, and materially aided in securing a victory, for his bravery being made Brigadier-Oeneial of Volunteers. In the summer of 1862 he was promoted to the rank of Major in the Regular Army. During the Vicksburg campaign he commanded a division, leading the attack at Magnolia Church, at Port Gibson, and at Big Black Riyer, and winning a brevet Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the United States Army. He also distinguished himself for a first and second assault upon taking Vicksburg, and, in the autumn of 1862, commanded the left wing of the Sixteenth Corps at Ck>rinth. In December of that year he was transferred to the Department of Arkansas, where he gained new laurels, being brevetted Brigadier-General for gallantry at Little Rock, and Major-General for services during the war. After the close of the Civil War, he was stationed chiefly in the West, where he rendered good service in the Indian campaigns. In 1894 he was retired with the rank of Brigadier-General, and died in Washington, D. C, Dec. 2, 1910.

GABRIEL^ Henry F.^ M.D., alienist, was bom at Charlestown, N. H., and educated at Mar low Academy, N. H., and Wesleyan Seminary, Vt. ; graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, in 1857, and immediately accepted the position of Assistant Physician in the New Jersey State Lunatic Asylum, remaining imtil 1870. Meanwhile, however, he visited a large number of the leading hospitals and asylums of Europe. In 1870, Dr. Carriel received the appointment of Superintendent of the Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, a position which he continued to fill imtil 1893, when he tendered his resignation to Gov. Altgeld, retiring July 1 of that year. Died June 21, 1908. - -Mrs. Mary Turner (Carriel), wife of Dr. Carriel, and a daughter of Prof. Jonathan B. Turner of Jacksonville, was elected a Trustee of the University of Illinois on the Republican ticket in 1896, receiving a plurality of 148,039 over Julia Holmes Smith, her highest competitor.

CARROLL COUNTY, originally a pai-t of Jo Daviess County, but set apart and organized in 1839, named for Charles Carroll of CarroUton. The first settlements were in and aroimd Savanna, Cherry Grove and Arnold's Grove. The first Coimty Commissioners were Messrs. L. H. Borden, Gamer Moffett and S. M. Jersey, who held their first court at Savanna, April 18, 1839. In 1843 the county-seat was changed from Savanna to Mount Carroll, where it yet remains. Townships were first organized in 1850, and the development of the county has steadily progressed since that date. The surface of the land is rolling, and at certain points decidedly picturesque. The land is generally good for farming. It is well timbered, particularly along the Mississippi. Area of the county, 450 square miles; population, 18,035. Mount Carroll is a pleasant, prosperous, wide-awake town, of about 2,000 inhabitants, and noted for its excellent public and private schools.

CABROLLTON, the county-seat of Greene County, situated on the west branch of the Chicago & Alton and the Quinoy, CarroUton & St. Louis Railroads, 83 miles north-northwest of Alton, and 84 miles south by west from Jacksonville. The town has a foundry, carriage and wagon factory, two machine ^ops, two flour mills, two banks, six churches, a high school, and two weekly newspapers. Population (1890). 2,258; (1900), 2,355; (1910), 2,323.

CARTER^ Joseph N., Justice of the Supreme Court, was bom in Hardin Coimty, Ky., March 12, 1843; came to Illinois in boyhood, and, after attending school at Tuscola four years, engaged in teaching until 1863, when he entered Illinois College, graduating in 1866; in 1868 graduated from the Law Department of the University of Michigan, the next year establishing himself in practice at Quincy, where he has since resided. He was a member of the Thirty-first and Thirtysecond General Assemblies (1878-82), and, in June, 1894, was elected to the seat on the Supreme Bench, which he now occupies.

CARTER, Thomas Henry, United States Senator, bom in Scioto County, Ohio, Oct, 80, 1854; in his fifth year was brought to Illinois, his father locating at Pana, where he was educated in the public schools; was employed in farming, railroading and teaching several years, then studied law and was admitted to the bar, and, in 1882, removed to Helena, Mont., where he engaged in practice; was elected, as a Republican the last Territorial Delegate to Congress from Idaho and the first Representative from the new

Histoeical Encyclopedia Of Illinois

State; was CommiBsioner of the General Land Office (1891-92), and, in 1895, was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1901. In 1892 he was chosen Chairman of the Republican National Committee, serving until the St. Louis Convention of 1896.

CARTERYILLE^ a city in Williamson County, 10 miles by rail northwest of Marion. Coal mining is the principal industry. It has a bank, five churches, a public school, and two weekly newspapers Population (1880), 692; (1330), 969; (1900), 1,749; (1910), 2,971.

CARTHAGE, a city and the county-seat of Hancock County, 18 miles east of Keokuk, Iowa, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quinoy and the Wabash Railroads; has water-works, electric lights, three banks, four trust companies, four weekly papers, and is the seat of a Lutheran College. Pop. (1890), 1,654; (1900), 2,104; (1910), 2,373.

CARTHAGE COLLEGE, at Carthage, Hancock Coimty. incorporated in 1871; has a teaching faculty of twelve members, and reports 158 pupils - sixty-eight men and ninety women - for 1897-98. It has a library of 5,000 volumes and endowment of $82,000. Instruction is given in the classical, scientific, musical, fine arts and business departments, as well as in preparatory studies. In 1898 this institution reported a property valuation of $41,000. of which $35,000 was in real estate.

Carthage & Burungton Railroad

CARTWRIGHT, James Henry, Justice of the Supreme Court, was bom at Maquoketa, Iowa, Deo. 1, 1842 - the son of a frontier Methodist clergyman I was educated at Rock River Seminary and the University of Michigan, graduating from the latter in 1867; began practice in 1870 at Oregon, Ogle County, which is still his home; in 1888 was elected Circuit Judge to succeed Judge Eustace, deceased, and in 1891 assigned to Appellate Court duty ; in December, 1895, was elected Justice of the Supreme Court to succeed Justice John M. Bailey, deceased, and re-elected in 1897.

CARTWRIGHT, Peter, pioneer Methodist preacher, was bom in Amherst County, Va., Sept. 1, 1785, and at the age of five years accompanied his father (a Revolutionary veteran) to Logan County, Ky. The coimtry was wild and unsettled, there were no schools, the nearest mill was 40 miles distant, the few residents wore homespun garments of fiax or cotton ; and coffee, tea and sugar in domestic use were almost unknown. Methodist circuit riders soon invaded the district, and, at a camp meeting held at Cane

Ridge in 1801, Peter received his first religious impressions. A few months later he abandoned his reckless life, sold his race-horse and abjured gambling. He began preaching inmiediately after his conversion, and, in 1803, was regularly received into the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, although only 18 years old. In 1823 he removed to Illinois, locating in Sangamon Coimty, then but sparsely settled. In 1828, and again in 1832, he was elected to the Legislature, where his homespun wit and imdaunted courage stood him in good stead. For a long series of years he attended annual conferences (usually as a delegate), and was a conspicuous figure at camp-meetings. Although a Democrat all his life, he was an imcompromising antagonist of slavery, and rejoiced at the division of his denomination in 1844. He was also a zealous supporter of the Government during the Civil War. In 1846 he was a candidate for Congress on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by Abraham Lincoln. He was a powerful preacher, a tireless worker, and for fifty years served as a Presiding Elder of his denomination. On the lecture platform, his quaintness and eccentricity, together with his inexhaustible fund of personal anecdotes, insured an interested audience. Numerous stories are told of his physical prowess in overcoming unruly characters whom he had failed to convince by moral suasion. Inside the church he was equally fearless and outspoken, and his strong common sense did much to promote the success of the denomination in the West. He died at his home near Pleasant Plains, Sangamon County, Sept. 25, 1872. His principal published works are "A Controversy with the Devil" (1858), "Autobiography of Peter Cartwright" (1856), *The Backwoods Preacher" (London, 1869), and several works on Methodism. CARY^ Eugene^ lawyer and insurance manager, was bom at Boston, Erie County, N. Y., Feb. 20, 1835; began teaching at sixteen, meanwhile attending a select school or academy at intervals; studied law at Sheboygan, Wis., and Buffalo, N. Y., 1855-56; served as City Attorney and later as County Judge, and, in 1861, enlisted in the First Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, serving as a Captain in the Army of the Cumberland, and the last two years as Judge- Advocate on the staflf of General Rousseau. After the war he settled at Nashville, Tenn., where he held the office of Judge of the First District, but in 1871 he was elected to the City Council, and, in 1888, was the High-License candidate for Mayor in opposition to Mayor Harrison, and believed by

CASAB^ Anthony Hf ayne^ clergyman and phyidcian, was bom in Wantage Township, Sussex County, N. J.. May 2, 1791 ; died at Summerfield, IlL, Deo. 16. 1857. His father. Rev. Thomas Casad, was a Baptist minister, who, with his wife, Abigail Tingley, was among the early settlers of Sussex County. He was descended from Dutch-Huguenot ancestry, the family name being originally Ck)ssart, the American branch having been founded by Jacques Ck)8sart, who emigrated from Leyden to New York in 1663. At the age of 19 Anthony removed to Greene County, Ohio, settling at Fairfield, near the site of the present city of Dayton, where some of his relatives were then residing. On Feb. 6, 1811, he married Anna, eldest daughter of Captain Samuel Stites and Martha Martin Stites, her mother's father and grandfather having been patriot soldiers in the War of the Revolution. Anthony Wayne Casad served as a volunteer from Ohio in the War of 1812, being a member of Captain Wm. Stephenson's Company. In 1818 he removed with his wife's father to Union Grove, St. Clair County, 111. A few years later he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and during 1821-23 was stationed at Kaskaskia and Buffalo, removing, in 1823, to Lebanon, where he taught school. Later he studied medicine and attained considerable prominence as a practitioner, being conmiissioned Surgeon of the Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry in 1835. He was one of the founders of McKendree College and a liberal contributor to its support; was also for many years Deputy Superintendent of Schools at Lebanon, served as County Surveyor of St. Clair County, and acted as agent for Harper Brothers in the sale of Southern Illinois lands. He was a prominent Free Mason and an influential citizen. His youngest daughter, Amanda Keziah, married Rev. jColin D. James (which see).

CASETy a city of Clark County, at the intersection of the Vandalia Line and the Chicago & Ohio River Railroad, 35 miles southwest of Terra Haute; in oilfield. Pop, (1900), 1,500; (1910), 2,157.