Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 7 of 26)

COWLES, Alfred, newspaper manager, was bom in Portage County, Ohio, May 13, 1^2, grew up on a farm and, after spending some time at Michigan University, entered the office of "The Cleveland Leader" as a clerk: in 1855 accepted a similar position on **The Chicago Tribune,*' which had just been bought by Joseph Medill and others, finally becoming a stockholder and busi-

COX^ Thomas^ pioneer, Senator in the First General Assembly of Illinois (1818-22) from Union Ck)iinty, and a conspicuous figure in early State history ; was a zealous advocate of the policy of making Illinois a slave State; became one of the original proprietors and founders of the city of Springfield, and was appointed the first Register of the Land Office there, but was removed under charges of misconduct; after his retirement from the Land Office, kept a hotel at Springfield. In 1836 he removed to Iowa (then a part of Wisconsin Territory), became a member of the first Territorial Legislature there, was twice re-elected and once Speaker of the House, being prominent in 1840 as commander of the "Regulators*' who drove out a gang of murderers and desperadoes who had got possession at Bellevue, Iowa. Died, at Maquoketa, Iowa, 1843.

COY, Ims^ lawyer, was bom in Chenango County, N. Y., July 25, 1832; educated in the common schools and at Central College, Cortland County, N. Y., graduating in law at Albany in 1857. Then, having removed to Illinois, he located in Kendall 0>unty and began practice; in 1868 was elected to the lower house of the Oeneral Assembly and, in 1872, served as Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket; removed to Chicago in 1871, later serving as attorney of the Union Stock Yards and Transit Company. Died, in Chicago, Sept. 20, 1897.

CR AFTS^ Clay ton E., legislator and politician, bom at Auburn, Oeauga County, Ohio, July 8, 1848; was educated at Hiram College and graduated from the Cleveland Law School in 1868, coming to Chicago in 1869. Mr. Crafts served in seven consecutive sessions of the Oeneral Assembly (1883-95, inclusive) as Representative from Cook County, and was elected by the Democratic majority as Speaker, in 1891, and again in '93.

CRAIGy Alfred M.^ jurist, was bom in Edgar County, nL, Jan. 15, 1831, graduated from Knox College in 1853, and was admitted to the bar in the following year, conmiencing practice at Knoxville. He held the offices of State's Attorney and (Ik>Tmty Judge, and represented Knox County in the Constitutional Ck)nvention of 1869-70. In 1873 he was elected to the bench of the Supreme Court, as successor to Justice C. B. Lawrence, and was re-elected in '82 and '91, his last term expiring June 1, 1900. He was a Democrat in politics, but was three times elected as Justice of the Supreme Court in Republican judicial district. Died Sept. 6, 1911.

CRAWFORD, Charles H., lawyer and legislator, was bom in Bennington, Vt., but reared in Bureau and La Salle Counties, 111.; had practiced \aw for twenty years in Chicago, a|id been three times elected to the State Senate - 1884, '88 and '94 - *nd was author of the Crawford Primary Election Law, enacted in 1885. Died June 4, 1903.

CRAWFORD COUNTY, a southeastem county, bordering on the Wabash, 190 miles nearly due south of Chicago - named for William H. Crawford, a Secretary of War. It has an area of -470 square miles; population (1910), 26,281. The first settlers were the French, but later came emigrants from New fingland. The soil is nch and well adapted to the production of com and wheat, which are the principal crops. The county was organized in 1816, Darwin being the first county-seat. The present coimty-seat is Robinson, with a population (1890) of 1,387; centrally located and the point of intersection of two railroads. Other towns of importance are Palestine (population, 734) and Hutsonville (population, 582). The latter, as well as Robinson, is a grain-shipping point. The Embarras River crosses the southwest portion of the county, and receives the waters of Big and Honey Creeks and Bushy Fork. The coimty has no mineral resources, but contains some valuable woodland and many well cultivated farms. Tobacco, potatoes, sorghum and wool are among the leading products.

CREAL SPRIXOS, a village of Williamson County, on the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad ; has a bank and a weekly paper. Population (1890), 639; (1900), 940; (1910), 936.

CREBS, John M., ex-Congressman, was bom in Middleburg, Loudoim Coimty, Va., April 7, 1830. When he was but 7 years old his parents removed to Illinois, where he ever after resided. At the age of 21 he began the study of law, and, in 1852, was admitted to the bar, beginning practice in White County. In 1862 he enlisted in the Eighty-seventh Illinois Volunteers, receiving a conmiission as Lieutenant-Colonel, participating in all the important movements in the Mississippi Valley, including the capture of Vicksburg, and in the Arkansas campaign, a part of the time commanding a brigade. Returning home, he resumed the practice of his profession. In 1866 he was an unsuccessful candidate for State Superintendent of Public Instruction on the Democratic ticket. He was elected to Congress in 1868 and re-elected in 1870, and, in 1880, was a delegate to the Democratic State Convention. Died, June 26, 1890.

GBElOHTONy James A., jurist, was bom in White County, lU., March 7, 1846; in childhood removed with his parents to Wayne County, and was educated in the schools at Fairfield and at the Southern Illinois College, Salem, graduating from the latter in 1868. After teaching for a time while studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1870, and opened an office at Fairfield, but, in 1877, removed to Springfield. In 1885 he was elected a Circuit Judge for the Springfield Circuit, was re-elected in 1891, 1897, in 1903 and 1909.

CRERAR^ John^ manufacturer and philanthropist, was bom of Scotch ancestry in New York City, in 1827; at 18 years of age was an employ^ of an iron-importing firm in that city, subsequently accepting a position with Morris K. Jessup & Co., in the same line. Coming to Chicago in 1862, in partnership with J. McGregor Adams, he succeeded to the business of Jessup & Co., in that city, also becoming a partner in the Adams & Westlake Company, iron manufacturers. He also became interested and an official in various other business organizations, including the Pullman Palace Car Company, the Chicago & Alton Railroad, the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank, and, for a time, was President of the Chicago & Joliet Railroad, besides being identified with various benevolent institutions and associations. After the fire of 1871. he was intrusted by the New York Chamber of Commerce with the custody of fimds sent for the relief of sufferers by that calamity. His integrity and business sagacity were imiversally recognized. After his death, which occurred in Chicago, Oct. 19, 1889, it was foimd that, after making munificent bequests to some twenty religious and benevolent associations and enterprises, aggregating nearly a million dollars, besides liberal legacies to relatives, he had left the residue of his estate, amounting to some 52,000,000, for the purpose of founding a public library in the city of Chicago, naming thirteen of his most intimate friends as the first Board of Trustees. No more fitting and lasting monument of so noble and public-spirited a man could have been devised.

CROOK, George^ soldier, was bom near Dayton, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1828; graduated at the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1852, and was assigned as brevet Second Lieutenant to the Fourth Infantry, becoming full Second Lieutenant in 1853. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service as Colonel of the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry ; was promoted Brigadier-General in 1862 and Major-General in 1864, being mustered out of the service, January, 1866. During the war he participated in some of the most important battles in West Virginia and Tennessee, fought at Chickamauga and Antietam, and commanded the cavalry in the advance on Richmond in the spring of 1865. On being mustered out of the volimteer service he returned to the regular army, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty4hird Infantry, and, for several years, was engaged in campaigns against the hostile Indians in the Northwest and in Arizona. In 1888 he was appointed Major-General and, from that time to his death, was in command of the Military Division of the Missouri, with headquarters at Chicago, where he died, March 19, 1890.

GROSIAR; Simon, pioneer, was bom near Pittsburg, Pa., in the latter part of the last century ; removed to Ohio in 1815 and to Illinois in 1819, settling first at Cap au Oris, a French village on the Mississippi just above the mouth of the Illinois in what is now Calhoun Coimty ; later lived at Peoria (1824), at Ottawa (1826), at Shippingport near the present city of La Salle (1829), and at Old Utica (1834); in the meanwhile built one or two mills on Cedar Creek in La Salle County, kept a storage and commission house, and, for a time, acted as Captain of a steamboat plying on the Illinois. Died, in 1846.

CRYSTAL LAKE, a village in McHenry County, at the intersection of two divisions of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, 43 miles northwest of Chicago. Population (1880), 546; (1890), 781; (1900), 950; (1910), 1,242.

CUBA; a town in Fulton County, distant 88 miles west-southwest of Peoria, and about 8 miles north of Lewistown. The entire region (including the town) is underlaid with a good quality of bituminous coal, of which the late State Geologist Worthen asserted that, in seven townships of Fulton County, there are 9.000,000 tons to the square mile, within 150 feet of the surface. Brick and cigars are made here, and the town has two banks, a newspaper, three churches and good schools. Population (1890), 1,114; (1900), 1,198; (1910), 2,019.

GULLEN; William^ editor and Congressman, bom in the north of Ireland, March 4, 1826; while yet a child was brought by his parents to Pittsburg, Pa., where he was educated in the public schools. At the age of 20 he removed to La Salle County, 111, and began life as a farmer. Later he took up his residence at Ottawa. He lias served as Sheriff of La Salle County, and held other local offices, and was for many years a part owner and senior editor of "The Ottawa Republican.*' From 1881 to 1885, as a Republican, he represented the Eighth Illinois District in Con-

CULLOM, Rieliard Northcraft, farmer and legislator, was bom in the State of Maryland, October 1, 1795, but early removed to Wajrne County, Ky., where he was married to Miss dizabeth Coflej, a native of North CaroHna. In 1830 he removed to Illinois, settling near Washington, Tazewell County, where he continued to reside during the remainder of his life. Although a farmer by vocation, Mr. Cullom was a man of prominence and a recognized leader in public afiEairs. In 1886 he was elected as a Whig Representative in the Tenth (General Assembly, serving in the same body with Abraham Lincoln, of whom he was an intimate personal and political friend. In 1840 he was chosen a member of the State Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Oeneral Assemblies, and, in 1852, was again elected to the House. Mr. Cullom*s death occurred in Tazewell County, Dec. 4, 1872, his wife having died Dec. 5, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. Cullom were the parents of Hon. Shelby M. Cullom.

CULLOM, Shelby Moore, United States Senator, was bom in Wayne Coimty, Ky., Nov. 22, 1829. Bis })arents removed to Tazewell County, IlL, in 1830, where his father became a member of the Legislature and attained prominence as a public man. After two years spent in Rock River Seminary at Mount Morris, varied by some experience as a teacher, in 1853 the subject of this sketch went to Springfield to enter upon the study of law in the office of Stuart & Edwards. Being admitted to the bar two years afterward, he was almost immediately elected City Attorney, and, in 1856, was a candidate on the Fillmore ticket for Presidential Elector, at the same time being elected to the Twentieth General Assembly for Sangamon Coimty, as he was again, as a Republican, in 1860, being supported alike by the Fillmore men and the Free-Soilers. At the session following the latter election, he was chosen Speaker of the House, which was his first important political recognition. In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln a member of the War Claims Commission at Cairo, serving in this capacity with Grovemor Boutwell of Massachusetts and Charles A. Dana of New York. He was also a candidate for the State Senate the same year, but then sustained his only defeat. Two years later (1864) he was a candidate for Congress, defeating his former preceptor, Hon. John T. Stuart, being re-elected in 1866, and again in 1868, the latter year over B. S. Edwards. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention of 1872, and, as Chairman of the Illinois delegation, placed (General Grant in nomination for the Presidency, holding the same position again in 1884 and in 1892; was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1872 and in 1874, being chosen Speaker a second time in 1878, as he was the unanimous choice of his party for Speaker again in 1875 ; in 1876 was elected Governor, was re-elected in 1880, and, in 1888, elected to the United States Senate as successor to Hon. David Davis. By four successive re-elections since 1885, he is now serving his fifth term, which will expire in 1913. In 1898, by special appointment of President McKinley, Senator Cullom served upon a Conunission to investigate the condition of the Hawaiian Islands and report a plan of government for this new division of the American Republic. Other important measures with which his name has been prominently identified have been the laws for the suppression of polygamy in Utah and for the creation of the Inter-State Commerce Commission. At present he is Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, and has been a prominent member of other important Committees. His career has been conspicuous for his long public service, the large number of important offices which he has held, the almost imbroken uniformity of his success when a candidate, and his complete exemption from scandals of every sort. No man in the history of the State has been so frequently elected to the United States Senate, and only three - Senators Douglas, Trumbull and Logan - were each elected for three terms; though only one of these (Senator Trumbull) lived to serve out the full period for which he was elected.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY, situated in the southeast quarter of the State, directly south of Coles County, from which it was cut off in 1843. Its area is 350 square miles, and population (1900), 16,124. The county-seat was at Greenup \mtil 1855, when it was transferred to Prairie City, which was laid off in 1854 and incorporated as a town in 1866. The present county-seat is at Toledo (population, 1890, 676). Tlie Embarras River crosses the county, as do also three lines of railroad. Neoga, a mining town, has a population of 829. The county received its name from the Cumberland Road, which, as originally pro jected, passed through it. Pop. (1910), 14,281.

GUMMINS9 (Rev.) Darid, Bishop of the Reformed Protestant Episcopal Church, was bom near Smyrna, Del., Dec. 11, 1822; graduated at Dickinson College, Pa., in 1841, and became a licentiate in the Methodist ministry, but, in 1846, took orders in the Episcopal Church; afterwards held rectorships in Baltimore, Norfolk, Richmond and the Trinity Episcopal Church of Chicago, in 1866 being consecrated Assistant Bishop of the Diocese of Kentucky. As a recognized leader of the Low- Church or Evangelical party, he early took issue with the ritualistic tendencies of the High-Church party, and, having withdrawn from the Episcopal Church in 1873, became the first Bishop of the Reformed Episcopal organization. He was zealous, eloquent and conscientious, but overtaxed his strength in his new field of labor, dying at Lutherville, Md.. June 26, 1876. A memoir of Bishop Cummins, by his wife, was publishedin 1878.

CURTIS^ Harrey, clergyman and educator, was bom. in Adams, Jefferson County, N. Y., May 80, 1806; graduated at Middlebury College, Vt., in 1831, with the highest honors of his class; after three years at Princeton Theological Seminary, was ordained pastor of the Congregational .church at Brandon, Vt., in 1836. In 1841 he accepted an appointment as agent of the Home Missionary Society for Ohio and Indiana, between 1843 and 1858 holding pastorates at Madison, Ind., and Chicago. In the latter year he was chosen President of Knox College, at Galesburg, dying there, Sept. 18, 1862.

CURTIS, William Elroy, journalist, was bom at Akron, Ohio, Nov. 5, 1850; graduated at Western Reserve . College in 1871, meanwhile learning the art of typesetting ; later served as a reporter on "The Cleveland Leader" and, in 1872, to^k a subordinate position on '*The Chicago Inter Ocean," finally rising to that of managingeditor. While on **The Inter Ocean" he accompanied General Custer in his campaign against the Sioux, spent several months investigating the '*Ku-Klux" and "White League" organizations in the South, and, for some years, was "The Inter Ocean" correspondent in Washington. Having retired from "The Inter Ocean," he became Secretary of the "Pan-American Congress" in Washington, and afterwards made the tour of the United States with the South and Central American representatives in that Congress. During the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago he had general supervision of the

Latin-American historical and archsBological exhibits. Mr. Curtis has visited nearly every Central and South American country and has written elaborately on these subjects for the magazines and for publication in book form ; has also published a "Life of Zachariah Chandler'' and a "Diplomatic History of the United States and Foreign Powers." Mr. Curtis spent his last years as correspondent of ** The Chicago Record- Herald," writing extensively from various parts of the world. Died Sept. 6, 1911.

CUSHMAN, (Col.) WiUlam H. W., financier and manufacturer, was born at Freetown, Mass., May 13, 1818 ; educated at the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy, Norwich, Vt. ; at 18 began a mercantile career at Middlebury, and, in 1824, removed to La Salle County, 111., where he opened a country store, also built a mill at Vermilionville ; later was identified with many large financial enterprises which generally proved successful, thereby accumulating a fortime at one time estimated at $3,000,000. He was elected as a Democrat to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Oeneral Assemblies (1842 and '44) and, for several years, held a conmiission as Captain of the Ottawa Cavalry (militia). The Civil War coming on, he assisted in organizing the Fifty-third Illinois Volunteers, and was commissioned its Colonel, but resigned Sept. 3, 1862. He organized and was principal owner of the Bank of Ottawa, which, in 1865, became the First National Bank of that city; was the leading spirit in the Hydraulic CJompany and the Gas Company at Ottawa, built and operated the Ottawa Machine Shops and Foundry, speculated largely in lands in La Salle and Cook Counties - his operations in the latter being especially large about Riverside, as well as in Chicago ; was a principal stockholder in the bank of Cushman & Hardin in Chicago, had large interests in the lumber trade in Michigan, and was one of the builders of the Chicago, Paducah & Southwestern Railroad. The Chicago fire of 1871, however, brought financial disaster upon him, which finally dissipated his fortime and destroyed his mental and physical health. His death occurred at Ottawa, Oct. 28, 1878.

DALE^ Michael O^ lawyer, was bom in Lancaster, Pa., spent his childhood and youth in the public schools of his native city, except one year in West Chester Academy, when he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, graduating there in 1835. He then began the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1837 ; coming to niinois the following year, he was retained in a suit at Greenville. Bond County, which led to his employment in others, and finally to opening an office there. In 1839 he was elected Probate Judge of Bond Coimty, remaining in office fourteen years, meanwhile being commissioned Major of the State Militia in 1844, and serving as member of a Military Court at Alton in 1847 ; was also the Delegate from Bond County to the State Constitutional Convention of 1847. In 1853 he resigned the offioe of County Judge in Bond Coimty to accept that of Register of the Land office at Eklwardsville, where he continued to reside, filling the office of County Judge in Madison County f)ve or six terms, besides occupying some subordinate positions. Judge Dale married a daughter of Hon. William L. D. Ewing. Died at Edwardsville, AprU 1. 1895.

DALLAS CITT^ in Hancock and Henderson Coimties, at the intersection of Atchison, Topeka A Santa Fe and Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 16 miles south of Burlington. It has manufactories of lumber, buttons, carriages and wagons, and two weekly newspapers. Pop. (1890), 747; (1900), 970; (1910), 1,288.

BAlfENHOWER, John Wilson, Arctic explorer, was bom in Chicago, Sept. 80, 1849 - the son of W. W. Danenhower, a journalist. After passing through the schools of Chicago and Washington, he graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1870, was successively commissioned as Ensign, Master and Lieutenant, and eerved on expeditions in the North Pacific and in the Mediterranean. In 1878 he joined the Arctic steamer Jeannette at Havre, France, as second in oonmiand under Lieut. G^rge W. De Long; proceeding to San Francisco in July, 1879, the steamer entered the Arctic Ocean by way of Behring Straits. Here, having been caught in an ice-pack, the vessel was held twenty-two months. Lieutenant Danenhower meanwhile being disabled most of the time by ophthalmia. The crew, as last compeUed to abandon the steamer, dragged their boats over the ice for ninety-five days until they were able to launch them in open water, but were soon separated by a gale. The boat commanded by Lieutenant Danenhower reached the Lena Delta, on the north coast of Siberia, where the crew were rescued by natives, landing Sept 17, 1881. After an ineffectual search on the deltb for the crews of the other two boats, Lieutenant Danenhower, with his crew, made the journey of 6.000 miles to Orenburg, finally arriving in the United States in Jime, 1882. He has told the story of the expedition in 'The

DANYERS) a village of McLean County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway. The section is agricultiu^l. The town has a bank and a newspaper. Population (1880), 460; (1890). 506; (1900), 607; (1910), 593.

DANYILLE, the county -seat of Vermilion County, on Vermilion River and on five important lines of railroad; in rich coal-mining district and near large deposits of shale and soapstone, which are utilized in manufacture of sewer-pipe, paving and fire-clay brick. The city has car-shops and numerous factories, waterworks, electric lights, paved streets, several banks, twenty-seven churches, five graded schools and one high school, and eight new8paf>ers, two daily. A Soldiers' Home is located three miles east of the city. Pop. (1900), 16,354; (1910), 27,871.

D'ARTAIOUIETTE, Pierre, a French commandant of Illinois from 1784 to 1786, having been appointed by Bienville, then Oovemor of Louisiana. He was distinguished for gallantry and coiu^ge. He defeated the Natchez Indians, but, in an unsuccessful expedition against the Chickasaws, was wounded, captured and burned at the stake.

DAYENPORT, Oeorge, soldier, pioneer an4 trader, bom in Lincolnshire, England, in 1783, came to this country in 1804, and soon aftei enlisted in the United States army, with the ran| of sergeant. He served gallantly on varioui expeditions in the West, where he obtained a knowledge of the Indians which was afterward of great value to him. During the War of 1813 his regiment was sent East, where he participated in the defense of Fort Erie and in other enterprises. In 1815, his term of enlistment having expired and the war ended, he entered the service of the contract commissary. He selected the site for Fort Armstrong and aided in planning and supervising its construction. He cultivated friendly relations with the surrounding tribes, and, in 1818, built a double log house, married, and engaged in business as a fur-trader, near the site of the present city of Rock Island. He had the confidence and respect of the savages, was successful and his trading posts were soon scattered through Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. In 1823 he piloted the* first steamboat through the upper Mississippi, and, in 1825, was appointed the first postmaster at Rock Island, being the only white civilian resident there. In 1826 he united his business with that of the American Fur Company, in whose service he remained. Although he employed every effort to induce President Jackson to make a payment to Black Hawk and his followers to induce them to emigrate across the Mississippi volimtarily,, when that Chief commenced hostilities, Mr. Davenport tendered his services to Governor Reynolds, b> whom he was commissioned Quartermaster-Ceneral with the rank of Colonel. Immigration increased rapidly after the close of the Black Hawk War. In 1835 a company, of which he was a member, founded the town of Davenport, opposite Rock Island, which was named in his honor. In 1887 and *42 he was largely instrumental in negotiating treaties by which the Indians ceded their lands in Iowa to the United States. In the latter year he gave up the business of fur-trading, having accumulated a fortune through hard labor and scrupulous integrity, in the face often of grave perils. He had large business interests in nearly every town in his vicinity, to all of which he gave more or less personal attention. On the night of July 4, 1848, he was assassinated at his home by robbers. For a long time the crime was shrouded in mystery, but its perpetrators were ultimately detected and brought to punishment.

DATIS^ DaTid, jurist and United States Senator, was born in Cecil County, Md., March 9, 1815; p\irsued his academic studies at Kenyon College, Ohio, and studied law at Yale. He settled at Bloomington, IlL, in 1886, and, after practicing law there until 1844, was elected to the lower house of the Fourteenth General Assembly. After serving in the Constitutional Convention of 1847, he was elected Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit under the new Constitution in 1848, being re-elected in 1855 and '61. He was a warm, personal friend of Abraham Lincoln, who, in 1863, placed him upon the bench of the United States Supreme Coiui;. He resigned his high judicial honors to become United States Senator in 1877 as successor to Logan's first term. On Oct. 13, 1881, he was elected President pro tern, of the Senate, serving in this capacity to the end of his term in 1885. He died at his home in Bloomington, June 26, 1886.

DAVIS, (jteorge R., lawyer and Congressman, was bom at Three Rivers, Mass., January 3, 1840; received a common school education, and a classical course at WiUiston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass. From 1862 to 1865 he served in the

Union army, first as Captain in the Eighth Massachusetts Infantry, and later as Major in the ^ Third Rhode Island Cavalry. After the war he removed to Chicago, where he still resides. By profession he is a lawyer. He took a prominent part in the organization of the Chicago militia, was elected Colonel of the First Regiment, I. N. G., and was for a time the senior Colonel in the State service. In 1876 he was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Congress, but was elected in 1878, and re-elected in 1880 and 1882. From 1886 to 1890 he was Treasurer of Cook County. He took an active and influential part in securing the location of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and was Director-General of the Exposition from its inception to its close, by his executive ability demonstrating the wisdom of his selection. Died Nov. 25, 1899.

DAYIS^ Hasbronek, soldier and journalist, was bom at Worcester, Mass., April 28, 1827. being the son of John Davis, United States Senator and Governor of Massachusetts, known in his lifetime as * 'Honest John Davis." The son came to Chicago in 1855 and commenced the practice of law ; in 1861 joined Colonel Voss in the organization of the Twelfth Illinois Cavalry, being elected Lieutenant-Colonel and, on the retirement of Colonel Voss in 1868, succeeding to the colonelcy. In March, 1865, he was brevetted Brigadier-Gen' eral, remaining in active service until August, 1865, when he resigned. After the war he was, for a time, editor of **The Chicago Evening Post," was City Attorney of the City of Chicago from 1867 to '69, but later removed to Massachusetts Colonel Davis was drowned at sea, Oct. 19, 1870, by the loss of the steamship Cambria, while on a voyage to Europe.

DATIS^ James M.^ early lawyer, was bom in Barren Coimty, Ky., Oct. 9, 1798, came to Illinois in 1817, located in Bond Coimty and is said to have taught the first school in that county. He became a lawyer and a prominent leader of the Whig party, was elected to the Thirteenth General Assembly (1842) from Bond Coimty, and to the Twenty-first from Montgomery in 1858, having, in the meantime, become a citizen of Hillsboro ; was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1847. Mr. Davis was a man of striking personal appearance, being over six feet in height, and of strong individuality. After the dissolution of the Whig party he identified himself with the Democracy and was an intensely bitter opponent of the war policy of the Government. Died, at HiUsboro, Sept. 17, 1866.

BATIS5 Jolin A«9 soldier, was bom in Crawford County, Pa., Oct. 25, 1823; came to Stephenson County, UL, in boyhood and served as Representative in the (General Assembly of 1857 and '59; in September, 1861, enlisted as a private, was elected Captain and, on the organization of the Forty-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, at Camp Butler, was commissioned its Colonel He participated in the capture of Fort Donelson, and in the battle of Shiloh was desperately wounded by a shot through the lungs, but recovered in time to join his regiment before the battle of Corinth, where, on Oct. 4, 1862, he fell mortally wounded, dying a few days after. On receiving a request from some of his fellow-citizens, a few days before his death, to accept a nomination for Congress in the Freeport District, Colonel Davis patriotically replied : **I can serve my country better in following the torn banner of my reg^ent in the battlefield."

DAVIS, Levi, lawyer and State Auditor, was bom in Cecil Coimty, Md., July 20, 1806; graduated at Jefferson College, Pa., in 1828, and was admitted to the bar at Baltimore in 1830. The following year he removed to Illinois, settling at Vandalia, then the capital. In 1835 Governor Duncan appointed him Auditor of Public Accounts, to which office he was elected by the Legislature in 1837, and again in 1838. In 1846 he took up his residence at Alton. He attained prominence at the bar and was, for several years, attorney for the Chicago & Alton and St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Raihx)ad Companies, in which he was also a Director. Died, at Alton, March 4, 1897.

DATIS, Nathan Smith, M.D., LLJ>., physician, educator and editor, was bom in Chenango County, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1817; took a classical and scientific course in Cazenovia Seminary ; in 1887 graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, winning several prizes during his course; the same year began practice at Binghamton ; spent two years (1847-49) in New York City, when he removed to Chicago to accept the chair of Physiology and Ceneral Pathology in Rush Medical College. In 1859 he accepted a gimil^^r position in the Chicago Medical College (now the medical department of Northwestern University), where he still remains. Dr. Davis had not only been a busy practitioner, but a voluminous writer on general and special topics connected with his profession, having been editor at different times of several medical periodicals, including "The Chicago Medical Journal," "The Medical Journal and Examiner," and "The

Journal of the American Medical Association.'* He was also prominent in State, National and International Medical Congresses, and was one of the founders of the Northwestern University, the Chicago Academy of Sciences, the Chicago Historical Society, the Illinois State Microscopical Society and the Union College of Law, besides other scientific associations. Died June 16, 1904.

DAYIS^ Oliver L*, lawyer, was bom in New York City, Dec. 20, 1819; after being in the employ of the American Fur Company some seven years, came to Danville, 111., in 1841 and conmienced studying law the next year; was elected to the lower branch of the Seventeenth and Twentieth G^eneral Assemblies, first as a Democrat and next (1856) as a Republican; served on the Circuit Bench in 1861-66, and again in 1873-79, being assigned in 1877 to the Appellate bench. Died, Jan. 13, 1892.

DAWSON; John^ early legislator, was bom in Virginia, in 1791; came to Illinois in 1827, settling in Sangamon County ; served five terms in the lower house of the General Assembly (1830, '84, '86, '38 and '46), during a part of the time being the colleague of Abraham Lincoln. He was one of the celebrated "Long Nine" who represented Sangamon Ck)imty at the time of the removal of the State capital to Springfield; was also a member of the CJonstitutional (invention of 1847. Died, Nov. 12, 1850.

DEAF AND DUMB, ILLINOIS INSTITUTION FOR EDUCATION OF, located at Jacksonville, established by act of the Legislature, Feb. 23, 1839, and the oldest of the State charitable institutions. Work was not begun until 1842, but one building was ready for partial occupancy in 1846 and was completed in 1849. (In 1871 this building, then known as the south wing, was declared unsafe, and was razed and rebuilt.) The center building was completed in 1852 and the north wing in 1857. ether additions and new buildings have been added from time to time, such as new dining halls, workshops, bams, bakery, refrigerator house, kitchens, a gymnasium, separate cottages for the sexes, etc. At present (1895) the institution is probably the largest, as it is unquestionably one of the best conducted, of its class in the world. The number of pupils in 1894 was 716. Among its employes are men and women of ripe culture and experience, who have been connected with it for more than a quarter of a century.

and educated in Plymouth schools and at New Hampton Academy ; in youth removed to Dearborn County, Ind., where he taught school and served as deputy Circuit Clerk; then came to Mason County, 111., and, in 1844, to Elgin. Here he was elected Sheriff and, at the expiration of his term. Circuit Clerk, later engaging in the banking business, which proving disastrous in 1857, he returned to Mason County and began the practice of law. He then spent some years in Minnesota, finally returning to Illinois a second time, resumed practice at Havana, served one term in the State Senate (1876-80); in 1884 became member of a law firm in Chicago, but retired in 1887 to accept the attorneyship of the Chicago & Alton Railway, retaining this position until his death, which occurred suddenly at Springfield, April 6, 1889. For the last two years of his life Mr. Dearborn's residence was at Aurora.

DECATUR^ the county-seat of Macon County; 89 miles east of Springfield and one mile north of the Sangamon River - also an important railway center. Three coal shafts are operated outside the city. It is a center for the grain trade, having five elevators. Extensive car and repair shops are located there, and several important manufacturing industries flourish, among them three flouring mills. Decatur has paved streets, water- works, electric street railways, and excellent public schools, including one of the best and most noted high schools in the State. Two daily papers and one weekly (labor) journal are published there. Pop. (1900), 20,754; (1910), 31,140.

DEEP SNOW, THE, an event occurring in the winter of 1830-81 and referred to by old settlers of Illinois as constituting an epoch in State history. The late Dr. Julian M. Sturtevant, President of Illinois College, in an address to the "Old Settlers" of Morgan County, a few years before his death, gave the following account of it : "In the interval between Christmas, 1830, and January, 1881, snow fell all over Central Illinois to a depth of fully three feet on a level. Then came a lain with weather so cold that it froze as it fell, forming a crust of ice over this three feet of snow, nearly, if not quite, strong enough to bear a man, and finally over this crust there were a few inches of snow. The clouds passed away and the wind came down upon us from the northwest with extraordinary ferocity. For weeks - certainly not less than two weeks - the mercury in the thermometer tube was not, on any one morning, higher than twelve degrees below zero. This snow-fall produced constant sleighing for nine weeks.** Other contemporaneous accounts say that this storm caused great suffering among both men and beasts. The scattered^settlers, un* able to reach the mills or produce stores, were driven, in some cases, to great extremity for supplies; mills were stopped by the freezing up of streams, while deer and other game, sinking through the crust of snow, were easily captured or perished for lack of food. Birds and domestic fowls often suffered a like fate for want of sustenance or from the severity of the oold.

DEERE, John, manufacturer, was bom at Middlebury, Vt., Feb. 7, 1804; learned the blacksmith trade, which he followed until 1838, when he came west, settling at Grand Detour, in Ogle Coimty ; ten years later removed to Moline, and there founded the plow-works which bear his name and of which he was President from 1868 until his death in 1886.~Charle8 H. (Deere), son of the preceding, was bom in Hancock, Addison County Vt., March 28, 1837; educated in the common schools and at Iowa and Knox Academies, and Beirs Commercial College, Chicago; became assistant and head book-keeper, traveling and purchasing agent of the Deere Plow Company, and, on its incorporation, Vice-President and Oeneral Manager, until his father^s death, when he succeeded to the Presidency. He was also foimder of the Deere & Mansur Com Planter Works, President of the Moline Water Power Ck)mpany, besides being a Director in various other concerns and in the branch houses of Deere & Oj., in Kansas City, Des Moines, Council Bluffs and San Francisco. Notwithstanding his immense business interests. Mr. Deere found time for the discharge of public and patriotic duties, as shown by the fact that he w^ for years a member and Chairman of the State Bureau of Labor Statistics; a Commissioner from Illinois to the Vienna International Exi)06ition of 1878 ; one of the State Conunissioners of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1898; a Presidential Elector f or the State-at-large in 1888, and a delegate to the National Republican Convention at St. Louis, in 1896. Died Oct. 29, 1907.

BEEBING; William^ manufacturer, was bom at Paris, Oxford County, Maine, April 06, 1826, completed his education at the Readfield high school, in 1848, engaged actively in manufacturing, and during his time has asusted in establishing several large, successful business enterprises, including wholesale and commission dry-goods houses in Portland, Maine, Boston and New York. His greatest work has been the building up of the Deering Manufacturing Company, a main feature of which, for thirty years, has been the manufacture of Marsh harvesters and other agricultural implements and appliances. This concern began operation in Chicago about 1870, at the present time (1899) occupying eighty acres in the north part of the city and employing some 4,000 hands. It is said to turn out a larger amount and greater Tariety of articles for the use of the agriculturist than any other establishment in the country, receiving its raw material from many foreign countries, including the Philippines, and distributing its products all over the globe. Mr. Deering continues to be President of the Company and a principal factor in the management of its immense business. He is liberal, public-spirited and benevolent, and his business career has been notable for the absence of controversies with his employ^ He has been, for a number of years, one of the Trustees of the Northwestern University at Evantfton, and, at the present time, is President of the Board.

DE KALB, a city in De Kalb Coimty, 58 miles west of Chicago. Of late years it has grown rapidly, largely because of the introduction of new industrial enterprises. It contains a large wire drawing plant, barbed wire factories, foundry, agricultural implement works, machine shop, shoe factory and several minor manufacturing establishments. It has banks, three newspapers, electric street railway, eight miles of paved streets, nine churches and three graded schools. It is the site of the Northern State Normal School, located in 1895. Population (1880), 1,598; (1890), 2,579; (1900), 5,904; (1910), 8,102.

DE KALB COUNTT, originally a portion of La Salle Coimty, and later of Kane, was organized in 1837, and named for Baron De Kalb, the Revolutionary patriot. Its area is 650 square miles and population (in 1910), 33,457. The knd is elevated and well drained, lying between Fox and Rock Rivers. Prior to 1885 the land belonged to the Pottawatomie Indians, who maintained several villages and their own tribal government. No sooner had the aborigines been removed than white settlers appeared in large numbers, and.

in September, 1835, a convocation was held on the banks of the Kishwaukee, to adopt a temporary form of government. The public lands in the county were sold at auction in Chicago in 1848. Sycaiiiore (originally called Orange) is the county-seat, and, in 1890, had a population of 2,987. Brick buildings were first erected at Sycamore by J. S. Waterman and the brothers Mayo. In 1854, H. A. Hough established the first newspaper, "The Republican Sentinel.'* Other prosperous towns are De Kalb (population, 2,579), Cortland, Malta and Somonauk. The surface is generally rolling, upland prairie, with numerous groves and wooded tracts along the principal streams. Various lines of railroad traverse the county, which embraces one of the wealthiest rural districts in the State.

De Kalb & Great Western Railroad

DELAY AN; a thriving city in Tazewell County, on the line of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, at the point of its intersection with the Peoria and Pekin Division of the Illinois Central Railway, 84 miles west-southwest of Bloomington and 24 miles south of Peoria. Grain is extensively grown in the adjacent territory, and much shipped from Delavan. The place supports two banks, tile and brick factory, creamery, and two weekly papers. It also has five churches and a graded school. Pop. (1900), 1,304; (1910), 1,175.

DEMENT; Henry Dodge, ex-Secretary of State, was bom at Galena, 111., in 1840 - the son of Colonel John Dement, an early and prominent citizen of the State, who held the office of State Treasurer and was a member of the Constitutional Convention^ of 1847 and 1870. Colonel Dement having removed to Dixon about 1845, the subject of this sketch was educated there and at Mount Morris. Having enlisted in the Thirteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry in 1861, he was elected a Second Lieutenant and soon promoted to First Lieutenant - also received f ro|n Governor Tates a complimentary commission as Captain for gallantry at Arkansas Post and at Chickasaw Bayou, where the commander of his regiment. Col. J. B. Wyman, was killed. Later he served with General Curtis in Mississippi and in the Fifteenth Army Corps in the siege of Vioksburg. After leaving the army he engaged in the manufacturing business for some years at Dixon. Captain Dement entered the State Legislature by election as Representative from. Lee County in 1872, was re-elected in 1874 and, in 1876, was promoted to the Senate, serving in the Thirtieth and Thirty-first General Assemblies. In 1880 he was chosen Secretary of State, and re-elected in 1884, serving eight years. The last public position held by Captain Dement was that of Warden of the State Penitentiary at Joliet, to which he was appointed in 1891, serving two years. His present home is at Oak Park, CJook County.

DEMENT^ Johiiy was bom in Sumner County, Tenn., in April, 1804. When 13 years old he accompanied his parents to Illinois, settling in Franklin County, of which he was elected Sheriff in 1826, and which he represented in the General Assemblies of 1828 and '30. He served with distinction during the Black Hawk War, having previously had experience in two Indian campaigns. In 1831 he was elected State Treasurer by the Legislature, but, in 1836, resigned this office to represent Fayette County in the General Assembly and aid in the fight against the removal of the capital to Springfield. His efforts failing of success, he removed to the northern part of the State, finally locating at Dixon, where he became extensively engaged in manufacturing. In 1837 President Van Buren appointed him Receiver of Public Moneys, but he was removed by President Harrison in 1841; was reappointed by Polk in 1845, only to be again removed by Taylor in 1849 and reappointed by Pierce in 1853. He held the office from that date until it was abolished. He was a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1844; served in three Constitutional Conventions (1847, '62, and '70), being Temporary President of the two bodies last named. He was the father of Hon. Denry D. Dement, Secretary of State of Illinois from 1884 to 1888. He died at his home at Dixon, Jan. 16, 1883.

DENT^ Thomas, lawyer, was bom in Putnam County, IlL, Nov. 14, 1881; in his youth was employed in the Clerk's office of Putnam County, meanwhile studying law; was admitted to the bar in 1854, and, in 1856, opened an office in Chicago; is still in practice and has served as President, both of the Chicago Law Institute and the State Bar Association.

DES PLAINES, a village of Cook County, at the intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern and the Wisconsin Central Railroads, 17 miles northwest from* Chicago; is a dairying region. Population (1890), 986; (1900), 1,666; (1910), 2,348.

DES FLAINES RITER, a branch of the Illinois River, which rises in Racine County, Wis., and, after passing through Kenosha County, in that State, and Lake County, 111., running nearly parallel to the west shore of Lake Idichigan through Cook County, finally imites with the Kankakee, about 1? miles southwest of Joliet, by its confluence with the latter forming the Illinois River. Its length is about 150 miles. The Chicago Drainage Canal is constructed in the valley of the Des Plaines for a considerable portion of the distance between Chicago and Joliet.

DEWET, (Dr.) Richard H., physician, aUenist, was bom at Forest ville, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1845; after receiving his primary education took a two years' course in the literary and a three years' course in the medical department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, graduating from the latter in 1869. He then began practice as House Physician and Surgeon in the City Hospital at Brooklyn, N. Y., remaining for a year, after which he visited Europe inspecting hospitals and sanitary methods, meanwhile spending six months in the Prussian military service as Surgeon during the Franco-Prussian War. After the close of the war he took a brief course in the University of Berlin, when, returning to the United States, he was employed for seven years as Assistant Physician in the Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin. In 1879 he was appointed Medical Superintendent of the Elastem Hospital for the Insane at Kankakee, remaining until the accession of John P. Altgeld to the Governorship in 1898. Dr. Dewey's reputation as a specialist in the treatment of the insane has stood among the highest of his class.

DE WITT COUNTY, situated im the central portion of the State; has an area of 440 square miles and a population (1910) of 18,906. The land was originaUy owned by the Kickapoos and Pottawatomies, and not imtil 1820 did the first permanent white settlers occupy this region. The first to come were Felix Jones, Prettyman Marvel, William Cottrell, Samuel Glenn, and the families of Scott, Lundy and Coaps. Previously, however, the first cabin had been built on the site of the present Farmer City by Nathan Clearwater. Zion Shugest erected the earliest grist-mill and Burrell Post the first 'saw-mill in the county. Kentuckians and Tennesseeans were the first immigrants, but not until the advent of settlers from Ohio did permanent improvements begin to be made. In 1835 a school house and Presbyterian church were built at Waynesville. The county was organized in 1889, and - with its capital (Clinton) - was named after one of New York's most distinguished Governors. It lies- within the great "corn belt," and is well watered by Salt Creek and its branches. Most of the surface is rolling prairie, interspersed with woodland. Several lines of railway (among them the Illinois Central) cross the county. Clinton had a popu-

DE WOLF* CalTln^ pioneer and philanthropist, was bom in Luzerne County, Pa., Feb. 18, 1815; taken early in life to Vermont, and, at 19 years of age, commenced teaching at Orwell, in that State; spent one year at a manual labor school in Ashtabula County, Ohio, and, in 1887, came to Chicago, and soon after began teaching in Will County, still later engaging in the same vocation in Chicago. In 1889 he commenced the study of law with Messrs. Spring & Goodrich and, in 1843, was admitted to practice. In 1854 he was elected a Justice of the Peace, retaining the position for a quarter of a century, winning for himself the reputation of a sagacious and incorruptible public officer. Mr. De Wolf was an original abolitionist and his home is said to have been one of the stations on the '^underground railroad*' in the days of slavery. Died Nov. 28, '99.

DEXTER, Wirt, lawyer, bom at Dexter, Mich., Oct. 25, 1831 ; was educated in the schools of his native State and at Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y. He was descended from a family of lawyers, his gprandfather, Samuel Dexter, having been Secretary of War, and afterwards Secretary of the Treasury, in the cabinet of the elder Adams. Coming to Chicago at the beginning of his professional career, Mr. Dexter gave considerable attention at first to his father's extensive lumber trade. He was a zealous and eloquent supporter of the (Government during the Civil War, and was an active member of the Relief and Aid Society after the fire of 1871. His entire professional life was spent in Chicago, for several years before his death being in the service of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company as its general solicitor and member of the executive committee of the Board of Directors. Died in Chicago, May 20, 1890.

DICKET, Hagh Thompson, jurist, was bom in New York City, May 80, 1811; graduated from Columbia College, read law and was admitted to the bar. He visited Chicago in 1886, and four years later settled there, becoming one of its moKt influential citizens. Upon the organization of the County Court of Cook County in 1845, Ui. Dickey was appointed its Judge. In September, 1848, he was elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, practically without partisan opposition, serving until the expiration of his term in 1858. He was prominently identified with several important commercial enterprises, was one of the founders of the Chicago Library

Association, and one of the first Trustees of the Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes, now Mercy Hospital In 1885 he left Chicago to take up his residence in his native city, New York, where he died, June 2, 1892.

DICKEY, Tlieopliiliis Lyle, lawyer and jurist, was bom in Bourbon County, Ky., Nov. 12, 1812, the grandson of a Revolutionary soldier, graduated at the Miami (Ohio) University, and removed to Illinois in 1834, settling at Macomb, McDonough County, where he was admitted to the bar in 1835. In 1836 he moved to Rushville, where he resided three years, a part of the time editing a Whig newspaper. Later he became a resident of Ottawa, and, at the opening of the Mexican War, organized a company of volunteers, of which he was chosen Captain. In 1861 he raised a regiment of cavalry which was mustered into service as the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, and of which he was commissioned Colonel, taking an active part in Grant's campaigns in the West. In 1865 he resigned his commission and resumed the practice of his profession at Ottawa. In 1866 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Congressman for the State-at-large in opposition to John A. Logan, and, in 1868, was tendered and accepted the position of Assistant Attorney-General of the United States, resigning after eighteen months' service. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, and, in 1874, was made Corporation Counsel In December, 1875, he was elected to the Supreme Court, vice W. K. McAllister, deceased; was re-elected in 1879, and died at Atlantic City, July 22, 1885.

DISCIPLES OF CHRIST^ THE, known also as the Christia^ Church and as ''Campbellites," having been founded by Alexander Campbell Many members settled in Illinois in the early 80*s, and, in the central portion of the State, the denomination soon began to flourish greatly. Any one was admitted to membership who made what is termed a scriptural confession of faith and was baptized by immersion. Alexander Campbell was an eloquent preacher and a man of much native ability, as well as a born^ conversationalist. The sect has steadily grown in numbers and influence in the State. The United States Census of 1890 showed 641 churches in the State, with 368 ministers and an aggregate membership of 61,587, having 550 Sunday schools, with 50,000 pupils in attendance. The value of the real property, which included 552 church edifices (with a seating capacity of 155,000) and 30 parsonages, was $1, 167,675. The denomination supports Eureka College, with an attendance of between

DIXON 9 an incorporated city, the county-seat of Lee County. It lies on both sides of Rock River and is the point of intersection of the Illinois Central and the Chicago & Northwestern Railroads; is 98 miles west of Chicago. Rock River furnishes abundant water power and the manufacturing interests of the city are very extensive, including large plow works, wire-cloth factory, wagon factory; also has electric light and power plant, three shoe factories, planing mills, and a condensed milk factory. There are two National and one State bank, eleven churches, a hospital, and three newspapers. In schools the city particularly excels, having several g^raded (grammar) schools and two colleges. The Chautauqua Assembly holds its meeting here annuaUy. Population (1900), 7,917; (1910), 7,216.

DIXOICy John^ pioneer - the first white settler in Lee Coimty, 111., was bom at Rye, Westchester County, N. Y., Oct. 9, 1784; at 21 removed to New York City, where he was in business some fifteen years. In 1820 he set out with his family for the West, traveling by land to Pittsburg, and thence by flat-boat to Shawneetown. Having disembarked his horses and goods here, he pushed out towards the northwest, passing the vicinity of Springfield, and finally locating on Fancy Creek, some nine miles north of the present site of that city. Here he remained some five year^, in that time serving as foreman of the first Sangamon County Grand Jury. The new coimty of Peoria having been established in 1825, he was offered and accepted the appointment of Circuit Clerk, removing to Fort Clark, as Peoria was then called. Later he becanie contractor for carrying the mail on the newly established route between Peoria and Galena. Compelled to provide means of crossing Rock River, he induced a French and Indian half-breed, named Ogee, to take charsre of a ferry at a point afterwards knowu as Ogee's Ferry. The tide of travel to the lead-mine region caused both the mail-route and the ferry to prove profitable, and, as the halfbreed ferryman could not endure prosperity, Mr. Dixon was forced to buy him out, removing his family to this point in April, 1830. Here he established friendly relations with the Indians, and, during the Black Hawk War ,two years later, was enabled to render valuable service to the State. His station was for many years one of the most important points in Northern Illinois, and among the men of national reputation who were entertained at different times at his home: may be named Gen. Zachary Taylor, Albert Sid« ney Johnston, Gen. Winfield Scott, Jefferson Davis, CoL Robert Anderson, Abraham Lincoln, CoL E. D. Baker and many more. He bought the land where Dixon now stands in 1835 and laid off the town; in 1838 was elected by the Legislature a member of the Board of Public Works, and, in 1840, secured the removal of the land office from Galena to Dixon. Colonel Dixon was a delegate from Lee County to the Republican State Convention at Bloomington, in May, 1856, and, although then considerably over 70 years of age, spoke from the same stand with Abraham Lincoln, his presence producing much enthusiasm. His death occurred, July 6, 1876.

DOAIfEy John Wesley^ merchant and banker, was bom at Thompson, Windham County, Conn., March 23, 1838; was educated in the common schools, and, at 22 years of age, came to Chicago and opened a small grocery store which, by 1870, had become one of the most extensive concerns of its kind in the Northwest. It was swept out of existence by the fire of 1871, but was re-established and, in 1872, transferred to other parties, although Mr. Doane continued to conduct an importing business in many lines of goods used in the grocery trade. Having become interested in the Merchants' Loan A Trust Company, he was elected its President and continued to act in thai capacity. He was also a stockholder and a Director of the Pullman Palace Car Company, the Allen Paper Car Wheel Company and the Illinois Central Railroad, and was a leading promoter of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 - being one of those who guaranteed the $5,000,000 raised by citizens of Chicago to assure the success of the enterprise. Died March 23, 1901.

DOLTON STATION, a village of Cook County, on the Chicago & Eastern Illinois, the Chicago & Western Indiana, and the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Itailroads, 16 miles south of Chicago; has a carriage factory, a weekly paper, churches and a g^raded school Population ( 1880) . 448; (1890), 1,110; (1900), 1,229; (1910), 1,869.

DOOUTTLE, James Rood, United States Senator, was bom in Hampton, . Washington County, N. Y., Jan 3, 1815; educated at Middlebury and Geneva (now Hobart) Colleges, admitted to the bar in 1837 and practiced at Rochester and Warsaw, N. Y. ; was elected District Attorney ot Wyoming County, N. Y., in 1845, and. in 185t remoyed to Wisconsin; two years later was elected Circuit Judge, but resigned in 1856, and the following year was elected as a Democratic- Republican to the United States Senate, being xe-elected as a Republican in 1868. Retiring from public life in 1869, he afterwards resided chiefly at Racine, Wis., though practicing in the courts of Chicago. He was President of the National Union Convention at Philadelphia in 1866, and of the National Democratic Convention of 1872 in Baltimore, which endorsed Horace Greeley for President. Died, at Edgewood, R. L, July 27. 1897.

BORE, John Clark, first Superintendent of Chicago City Schools, was bom at Ossipee, N. H, March 22, 1S22; began teaching at 17 years of age and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1847; then taught several years and, in 1854, was offered and accepted the position of Superintendent of City Schools of Chicago, but resigned two years later. Afterwards engaging in btLsiness, he served as Vice-President and President of the Board of Trade, President of the Commercial Insurance Company and of the State Savings Institution; was a member of the State Senate, 1868-72, and has been identified with various benevolent organizations of the city of Chicagg Died in Boston, Mass., Dec., 14, 1900.

Jolm^ lawyer and lieut^iant- Gk>vemor, was bom at Marietta, Ohio, May 6, 1806; brought by his parents, in 1808, to Cape Girardeau, Mo., where they remained until after the disastrous earthquakes in that region in 1811-12, when, his father having died, his mother removed to Jonesboro, 111. Here he finally read law with CoL A. P. Field, afterwards Secretary of State, being admitted to the bar in 1831 and early attaining prominence as a successful crindnal lawyer. He soon became a recognized political leader, was elected as a member of the House to the Eighth General Assembly (1882) and re-elected in 1884, '86 and '40, and again in 1856, and to the Senate in 1842, serving in the latter body until the adoption of the Constitution of 1848. Originally a Democrat, he was, in 1858, the Administration (Buchanan) candidate for State Treasurer, as opposed to the Douglas wing of the party, but, in 1861, became a strong supporter of Abraham Lincoln. He served as Presidential Elector on the Republican ticket in 1864 and in 1872 (the former year for the State- atlarge), in 1868 was elected Lieutenant-Qovemor and, in 1877, to a seat on the criminal bench, serving until June, 1879. Died, at Jonesboro, Sept. 7, 1879.

DOU6ULS9 John M., lawyer and Railway President, was bom at Plattsburg, Clinton County, N. Y., August 22, 1819; read law three years in his native city, then came west and settled at Galena, HL, where he was admitted to the bar in 1841 and began practice. In 1856 he removed to Chicago, and, the following year, became one of the solicitors of the Illinois Central Railroad, with which he had been associated as an attorney at Galena. Between 1861 and 1876 he was a Director of the Company over twelve years; from 1865 to 1871 its President, and again for eighteen months in 1875-76, when he retired permanently. Mr. Douglas' contemporaries speak of him as a lawyer of great ability, as well as a capable executive officer. Died, in Chicago, March 25, 1891.

DOUGLAS5 Stephen Arnold, statesman, was bom at Brandon, Vt., April 28, 1813. In consequence of the death of his father in infancy, his early educational ^vantages were limited. When fifteen he applied himself to the cabinetmaker's trade, and, in 1880, accompanied his mother and step-father to Ontario County, N. Y. In 1882 he began the study of law, but started for the West in 1838. He taught school at Winchester, 111., reading law at night and practicing before a Justice of the Peace on Saturdays. He was soon admitted to the bar and took a deep interest in politics. In 1835 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Morgan County, but a few months later resigned this office to enter the lower house of the Legislature, to which he was elected in 1836. In 1838 he was a candidate for Congress, but was defeated by John T. Stuart, his Whig opponent; was appointed Secretary of State in December, 1840, ^nd, in February, 1841, elected Judge of the Supreme Court. He was elected to Congress in 1842, '44 and '46, and, in the latter year, was chosen United States Senator, taking his seat March 4, 1847, and being re-elected in 1853 and '59. His last canvass was rendered memorable through his joint debate, in 1858, before the people of the State with Abraham Lincoln, whom he defeated before the Legislature. He was a candidate for the presidential nomination before the Democratic National Conventions of 1852 and '56. In 1860, after having failed of a nomination for the Presidency at Charleston, S. C, through the operation of the "two thirds rule," he received the nomination from the adjourned convention held at Baltimore six weeks later - though not until the delegates from nearly all the Southern States had withdrawn, the seceding delegates afterwards nomi- nating John C. Breckenridge. Although defeated for the Presidency by Lincoln, his old-time antagonist, Douglas yielded a cordial support to the incoming administration in its attitude toward the seceded States, occupying a place of honor beside Mr. Lincoln on the portico of the capitol during the inauguration ceremonies. As politician, orator and statesman, Douglas had few superiors. Quick in perception, facile in expedients, ready in resources, earnest and fearless in utterance, he was a bom '^leader of 4nen." His shortness of stature, considered in relation to his extraordinary mental acumen, gained for him the sobriquet of the * 'Little Giant." He died in Chicago, June 3, 1861.

DOUGLAS COUNTY^ lying a little east of the center of the State, embracing an area of 410 square miles and having a population (1910) of 19,591. The earliest land entry was made by Harrison Gill, of Kentucky, whose patent was signed by Andrew Jaclraon. Another early settler was John A Bichman, a West Virginian, who erected one of the first frame houses in the county in 1829. The Embarras and Kaskaskia Rivers flow through the county, which is also crossed by the Wabash and Illinois Central Railways. Douglas County was organized in 1859 (being set off from Coles) and named in honor of Stephen A Douglas, then United States Senator from Illinois. After a sharp struggle Tuscola was made the coimty-seat. It has been by several disastrous conflagrations, but is a thriving town, credited, in 1890, with a population of 1,897. Other important towns are Areola (population, 1,788), and Camargo, which was originally known as New Salem.

DOWHEBS eROTE^ village, Du Page County, on C, B. & Q. R. R., 21 miles south-southwest from Chicago, incorporated 1878; has water- works, electric lights, furniture factory, good schools, bank and a newspaper. Pop. (1900), 2,103; (1910), 2,601.

DOWNING, Finis Ewing, ex-Congressman and lawyer, was bom at Virginia, HI, August 24, 1846 ; reared on a farm and educated in the public and private schools of his native town; from 1865 was engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1880, when he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cass County, serving three successive terms; read law and was admitted to the bar in December, 1887. In August, 1891, he became interested in "The Virginia Enquirer" (a Democratic paper), which he has since conducted; was elected Secretary of the State Senate in 1898, and, in 1894, was returned as elected to the Fiftyfourth Congress from the Sixteenth District by a plurality of forty votes over Gen. John I. Rinaker, the Republican nominee. A contest and recount of the ballots resulted, however, in awarding the seat to General Rinaker. In 1896 Mr. Downing was the nominee of his party for Secretary of State, but was defeated with the rest of his ticket.

DBAKE^ Francis Marion, soldier and Governor, was bom at Rushville, Schuyler County, IlL, Deo. 80, 1880; early taken to Drakesville, Iowa, which his father foundM; entered mercantile life at 16 years of age; crossed the plains to California in 1852, had experience in Indian warfare aiid, in 1859, established himself in business at XJnionville, lowar served through the Civil War, becoming Lieutenant-Colonel and retiring in 1865 with the rank of Brigadier-Gleneral by brevet. He re-entered mercantile life after the war, was admitted to the bar in 1866, subsequently engaged in railroad building and, in 1881, contribbuted the bulk of the funds for founding Drake University; was elected Governor of Iowa in 1895, serving until Jan., 1898. Died Nov. 20, 1903.

DRAPER, Andrew Sloan, LL.D., lawyer and educator, was bom in Otsego County, N. Y., June 21, 1848 - being a descendant, in the eighth generation, from the "Puritan," James Draper, who settled in Boston in 1647. In 1855 Mr. Draper *s parents settled in Albany, N. Y., where he attended school, winning a scholarship in the Albany Academy in 1868, and graduating from that institution in 1866. During the next four years he was employed in teaching, part of the time as an instructor at his alma mater; bat, in 1871, graduated from the Union College Law Department, when he began practice. The rank he attained in the profession was indicated by his appointment by President Arthur, in 1884, one of the Judges of the Alabama Claims Commission, upon which he served until the conclusion of its labors in 1886. He had previously served in the New York State Senate (1880) and, in 1884, was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, also serving as Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee the same year. After his return from Europe in 1886, he served as State Superintendent of Public Instruction of New York until 1892, and, in 1889, and again in 1890, was President of the National Association of School Superintendents. Soon after retiring from the State Superintendency in New York, he was chosen Superintendent of Public Schools for the city of Cleveland. Ohio, remaining in that position until 1894, when he was elected President of the University of Illinois at Champaign, where he now is. His adminis-

DRESSEB, Charles^ clergyman, was bom at Pomfret, Conn., Feb. 34, 1800; graduated from Brown University in 1828, went to Virginia, where he studied theology and was ordained a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1888 he removed to Springfield, and became rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church there, retiring in 1858. On Nov. 4, 1842, Mr. Dresser performed the ceremony uniting Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd in marriage. He died, March 25, 1865.

DBUMMOND, Thomas^ jurist, was bom at Bristol Mills, Lincoln County, Maine, Oct. 16, 1809. After graduating from Bowdoin College, in 1880, he studied law at Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the bar in 1888. He settled at Gtalena, HL, in 1885, and was a member of the General Assembly in 1840-41. In 1850 he was appointed United States District Judge for the District of Illinois as successor to Judge Nathaniel Pope, and four years later removed to Chicago. Upon the division of the State into two judicial districts, in 1855, he was assigned to the Northem. In 1869 he was elevated to the bench of the United States Circuit Court, and presided over the Seventh Circuit, which at that time included the States of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. In 1^4 - at the age of 75 - he resigned, living in retirement until his death, which occurred at Wheaton, ILL, May 15, 1890.

DUBOIS^ Jesse KUgore^ State Auditor, was bom, Jan. 14, 1811, in Lawrence County, IlL, near Vinoennes, Ind., where his father, Capt. Toussaint Dubois, had settled about 1780. The latter was a native of Canada, .of French descent, and, after settling in the Northwest Territory, had been a personal friend of General Harrison, under whom he served in the Indian wars, including the battle of Tippecanoe. The son received a partial collegiate education at Bloomington, Ind., but, at 24 years of age (1884), was elected to the General Assembly, serving in the same House with Abraham Lincoln, and being re-elected in 1886, '88, and *42. In 1841 he was appointed by President Harrison Register of the Land Office at Palestine, 111., but soon resigned, giving his attention to mercantile pursuits imtil 1849, when he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at Palestine, but was removed by Pierce in 1853. He was a Delegate to the first Republican State Convention, at Bloomington, in 1856, and, on the recommendation of Mr. Lincoln, was nominated for Auditor of Public Accoimts, renominated in 1860, and elected both times. In 1864 he was a candidate for the nomination of his party for Governor, but was defeated by General Oglesby, serving, however, on the National Executive Conmiittee of that year, and as a delegate to the National Convention of 1868. Died, at his home near Springfield, Nov. 22, 1876. - Fred T. (Dubois), son of the preceding, was bom in Crawford County, 111., May 29, 1851; received a common-school and classical education, graduating from Yale College in 1872; was Secretary of the Illinois Railway and Warehouse Commission in 1875-76 ; went to Idaho Territory and engaged in business in 1880, was appointed United States Marshal there in 1882, serving until 1886; elected as a Republican Delegate to the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses, and, on the admission of Idaho as a State (1890), became one of the first United States Senators, his term extending to 1897. He was Chairman of the Idaho delegation in the National Republican Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and was a member of the National Republican Convention at St. Louis in 1896, but seceded from that body with Senator Teller of Colorado, and has since cooperated with the Populists and Free Silver Democrats.

DUCAT^ Arthur Charles^ soldier and civil engineer, was born in Dublin, Ireland, Feb. 24, 1880, received a liberal education and became a civil engineer. He settled in Chicago in 1851, and six years later was made Secretary and Chief Surveyor of the Board of Underwriters of that city. While acting in this capacity, he virtually revised the schedule system of rating filre-risks. In 1861 he raised a company of 800 engineers, sappers and miners, but neither the State nor Federal authorities would accept it. Thereupon he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth Illinois Volunteers, but his ability earned him rapid promotion. He rose through the grades of Captain, Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, to that of Colonel, and was brevetted Brigadier-General in February, 1864. Compelled by sickness to leave the army, Ghaneral Ducat returned to Chicago, re-entering the insurance field and finally, after holding various responsible positions, engaging in general business in that line. In 1875 he was entrusted with the task of reorganizing the State militia, which he performed with signal success. Died, at Downer's Grove, 111., Jan. 29, 1896.

DUELS AOT) ANTI-DUELING LAWS. Although a majority of the population of Illinois, in Territorial days, came from Southern States where the duel was widely regarded as the proper mode for settling "difficulties'* of a personal character, it is a curious fact that so few * 'affairs of honor'* (so-called) should have occurred on Illinois soil The first "affair** of this sort of which either history or tradition has handed down any account, is said to have occurred between an English and a French officer at the time of the surrender of Fort.Chartres to the British in 1765, and in connection with that event. The officers are said to have fought with small swords one Sunday morning near the Fort, when one of them was killed, but the name of neither the victor nor the vanquished has come down to the present time. Gov. John Reynolds, who is the authority for the story in his "Pioneer History of Illinois,*' claimed to have received it in his boyhood from an aged Frenchman who represented that he had seen the combat.

An afEair of less doubtful authenticity has come down to us in the history of the Territorial period, and, although it was at first bloodless, it finally ended in a tragedy. This was the Jones- Bond affair, which originated at Kaskaskia in 1808. Rice Jones was the son of John Rice Jones, the first English-speaking lawyer in the "lUinois Country. *' The younger Jones is described as an exceptionally brilliant young man who, having studied law, located at Kaskaskia in 1806. Two years later he became a candidate for Representative from Randolph County in the Legislature of Indiana Territory, of which Illinois was a part. In the course of the canvass which resulted in Jones' election, he became involved in a quarrel with Shadrach Bond, who was then a member of the Territorial Council from the same county, and afterwards became Delegate in Congress from Illinois and the first (Governor of the State. Bond challenged Jones and the meeting took place on an island in -the Mississippi between Kaskaskia and St. G^enevieve. Bond's second was a Dr. James Dunlap of Kaskaskia, who appears also to have been a bitter enemy of Jones. The discharge of a pistol in the hand of Jones after the combatants had taken their places preliminary to the order to "fire," raised the question whether it was accidental or to be regarded as Jones' fire. Dunlap maintained the latter, but Bond accepted the explanation of his adversary that the discharge was accidental, and the generosity which he displayed led to explanations that averted a final exchange of shots. The feud thus started between Jones and Dunlap grew imtil it involved a large part of the community. On Dec. 7, 1808, Dunlap shot down Jones in cold blood and without warning in the streets of Kaskaskia, killing him instantly. The murderer fied to Texas and was never heard '^ of about Kaskaskia afterwarda This incident furnishes the basis of the most graphic chapter in Mrs. Catherwood's story of "Old Kaskaskia.*' Prompted by this tragical affair, no doubt, the Governor and Territorial Judges, in 1810, framed a stringent law for the suppression of dueling, in which, in case of a fatal result, all parties connected with the affair, as principals or seconds, were held to be guilty of murder.

Governor Reynolds furnishes the record of a duel between Thomas Rector, the member of a noted family of that name at Kaskaskia, and one Joshua Barton, supposed to have occurred sometime during the War of 1812, though no exact dates are given. This affair took place on the favorite dueling ground known as "Bloody Island," opposite St. Louis, so often resorted to at a later day, by devotees of "the code" in Missouri. Reynolds says that "Barton fell in the confiict.*'

The next affair of which history makes mention grew out of a drunken carousel at Belleville, in February, 1819, which ended in a duel between two men named Alonzo Stuart and William Bennett, and the killing of Stuart by Bennett. The managers of the affair for the principals are said to have agreed that the guns should be loaded with blank cartridges, and Stuart was let into the secret but Bennett was not. When the order to fire came, Bennett*s gun proved to have been loaded with ball. Stuart fell mortally wounded, expiring almost immediately. One report says that the duel was intended aS a sham, and was so imderstood by Bennett, who was horrified by the result. He and his two seconds were arrested for murder, but Bennett broke jail and fied to Arkansas. The seconds were tried, Daniel P. Cook conducting the prosecution and Thomas H. Benton defending, the trial resulting in their acquittal Two years later, Bennett was apprehended by some sort of artifice, put on his trial, convicted and executed - Judge John Reynolds (afterwards Governor) presiding and pronouncing sentence.

In a footnote to "The Edwards Papers,'* edited by the late E. B. Washbume, and printed imder the auspices of the Chicago Historical Society, a few years ago, Mr. Washbume relates an incident occurring in Galena about 1888, while "The Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser" was under the charge of Sylvester M. Bartlett, who was afterwards one of the founders of "The Quincy Whig." The story, as told by

Mr. Washbume, is as follows: ''David G. Bates (a Qalena business man and captain of a packet plying between St Louis and Gralena) wrote a short communication for the paper reflecting on the character of John Tumey, a prominent lawyer who had been a member jot the House of ReiH-esentatiTes in 1828-80, from the District composed of Pike, Adams, Fulton, Schuyler, Peoria and Jo Daviess Counties. Tumey demanded the name of the author and Bartlett gave up the name of Bates. Tumey refused to take any notice of Bates and then challenged Bartlett to a duel, which was promptly accepted by Bartlett. The second of Tumey was the Hon. Joseph P. Hoge, afterward a member of Congress from the Galena District. Bartlett's second was William A. Warren, now of Belle vue, Iowa." (Warren was a prominent Union officer during the Civil War.) "The parties went out to the groimd selected for the duel, in what was then Wisconsin Territory, seven miles north of Galena, and, after one ineffectual fire, the matter was compromised. Subsequently, Bartlett removed to Quincy, and was for a long time connected with the publication of *The Quincy Whig.'*'

During the session of the Twelfth General Assembly (1841), A. R. Dodge, a Democratic Representative from Peoria County, feeling himself aggrieved by some reflections indulged by Qen. John J. Hardin (then a Whig Representative from Morgan County) upon the Democratic party in connection with the partisan reorganization of the Supreme Court, threatened to *'call out" Hardin. The affair was referred to W. L. D. Ewing and W. A. Richardson for Dodge, and J. J. Brown and E. B. Webb for Hardin, with the result that it was amicably adjusted **honorably to both parties."

It was during the same session that John A. McClemand, then a young and fiery member from Gkdlatin County - who had, two years before, been appointed Secretary of State by Governor Carlin, but had been debarred from taking the office by an adverse decision of the Supreme Court - indulged in a violent attack upon the Whig members of the Court based upon allegations afterwards shown to have been furnished by Theophilus W. Smith, a Democratic member of the same court. Smith having joined his associates in a card denying the truth of the charges, McClemand responded with the publication of the cards of persons tracing the allegations directly to Smith himself. This brought a note from Smith which McClemand construed into a challenge and answered with a prompt acceptance. Attorney-General Lambom, having got wind of the affair, lodged a complaint with a Springfield Justice of the Peace, which resulted in placing the pugnacious jurist under bonds to keep the peace, when he took his departure for Chicago, and the **affair" ended.

An incident of greater historical interest than all the others yet mentioned, was the affair in which James Shields and Abraham Lincoln - ^the former the State Auditor and the latter at that time a young attorney at Springfield - were concerned. A communication in doggerel verse had appeared in **The Springfield Journal" ridiculing the Auditor. Shields made demand upon the editor (Mr. Simeon Francis) for the name of the author, and, in accordance with previous understanding, the name of Lincoln was given. (Evidence, later coming to light, showed that the real authors were Miss Mary Todd - ^who, a few months later, became Mrs. Lincoln - and Miss Julia Jayne, afterwards the wife of Senator TrumbulL) Shields, through John D. Whiteside, a former State Treasurer, demanded a retraction of the offensive matter - the demand being presented to Lincoln at Tremont, in Tazewell County, where Lincoln was attending court. Without attempting to follow the affair through all its complicated details - Shields having assumed that Lincoln was the author without further investigation, and Lincoln refusing to make any explanation unless the first demand was withdrawn - Lincoln named Dr. K H. Merriman as his second and accepted Shield's challenge, naming cavalry broadswords as the weapons and the Missouri shore, within three miles of the city of Alton, as the place. The principals, with their * 'friends," met at the appointed time and place (Sept. 22, 1842, opposite the city of Alton) ; but, in the meantime, mutual friends, having been apprised of what was going on, also appeared on the groimd and brought about expkmations which averted an actual confiict. Those especially instrumental in bringing about this result were G«n. John J. Hardin of Jacksonville, and Dr. R. W. English of Greene CJoimty, while John D. Whiteside, W. L. D. E\^ng and Dr. T. M. Hope acted as representatives of Shields, and Dr. E. H. Merriman, Dr. A. T. Bledsoe and William Butler for Lincoln.

Out of this affair, within the next few days, followed challenges from Shields to Butler and Whiteside to Merriman ; but, although these were accepted, yet owing to some objection on the part of the challenging party to the conditions named by the party challenged, thereby resulting in delay, no meeting actually took place.

Another affair whioh bore important results without ending in a tragedy, occurred during the session of the Constitutional Convention in 1847. The parties to it were O. C. Pratt and Thompson . Campbell - both Delegates from Jo Daviess County, and both Democrats. Some sparring between them over the question of suffrage for naturalized foreigners resulted in an invitation from Pratt to Campbell to meet him at the Planters* House in St. Louis, with an intimation that this was for the purpose of arranging the preliminaries of a duel. Both parties were on hand before the appointed time, but their arrest by the St. Louis authorities and putting them under heavy bonds to keep the peace, gave them an excuse for returning to their convention duties without coming to actual hostilities - if they had such intention. This was promptly followed by the adoption in Convention of the provision of the Constitution of 1848, disqualifying any person engaged in a dueling affair, either as principal or second, from holding any office of honor or profit in the State.

The last and principal affair of this kind of historic significance, in which a citizen of Illinois was engaged, though not on Illinois soil, was that in which Congressman William H. Bissell, afterwards (Governor of Illinois, and Jefferson Davis were concerned in February, 1860. During the debate on the ''Compromise Measures" of that year. Congressman Seddon of Virginia went out of his way to indulge in implied reflections upon the coiirage of Northern soldiers as displayed on the battle-field of Buena Vista, and to ckdm for the Mississippi regiment commanded by Davis the credit of saving the day. Replying to these claims Colonel Bissell took occasion to correct the Virginia Congressman's statements, and especially to vindicate the good name of the Illinois and Kentucky troops. In doing so he declared that, at the critical moment alluded to by Seddon, when the Indiana regiment gave way, Davis's regiment was not within a mile and a half of the scene of action. This was construed by Davis as a reflection upon his troops, and led to a challenge which was promptly accepted by Bissell, who named the soldier's weapon (the common army musket), loaded with ball and buckshot, with forty paces as the distance, with liberty to advance up to ten - otherwise leaving the preliminaries to be settled by his friends. The evidence manifested by Bissell that he was not to be intimidated, but was prepared to face death itself to vindicate his own honor and that of his comrades in the field, was a surprise to the Southem leaders, and they soon found a way for Davis to withdraw his challenge on condition that Bissell should add to his letter of acceptance a clause awarding credit to the Mississippi regiment for what they actually did, but without disavowing or retracting a single word he had uttered in his speech. In the meantime, it is said that President Taylor, who was the father-in-law of Davis, having been apprised of what was on foot, had taken precautions to prevent a meeting by instituting legal proceedings the night before it was to take place, though this was rendered unnecessary by the act of Davis himself. Thus, Colonel BisseU's position was virtually, (though indirectly) justified by his enemies. It is true, he was violently assailed by his political opponents for alleged violation of the inhibition in the State Constitution against dueling, especially when he came to take the oath of office as Governor of Illinois, seven years later ; but his course in ''turning the tables" against his fire-eating opponents aroused the enthusiasm of the North, while his friends maintained that the act having been performed beyond the jurisdiction of the State, he was technically not guilty of any violation of the laws.

While the provision in the Constitution of 1848, against dueling, was not re- incorporated in that of 1870, the laws on the subject are very stringent. Besides imposing a penalty of not less than one nor more than five years' imprisonment, or a fine not exceeding $8,000, upon any one who, as principal or second, participates in a duel with a deadly weapon, whether such duel proves fatal or not, or who sends, carries or accepts a challenge: the law also provides that any one convicted of such offense shall be disqualified for holding "any office of profit, trust or emolument, either civil or military, under the Constitution or laws of this State." Any person leaving the State to send or receive a challenge is subject to the same penalties as if the offense had been committed within the State ; and any person who may infiict upon his antagonist a fatal wound, as the result of an engagement made in this State to fight a duel beyond its jurisdiction - when the person so wounded dies within this State - is held to be guilty of murder and subject to punishment for the same. The publishing of any person as a coward, or the applying to him of opprobrious or abusive language, for refusing to accept a challenge, is declared to be a crime punishable by fine or imprisonment.

Connty, IlL, Jan. 24, 1820; was educated in the country schools, and, from 1842 to 1847, spent his time in teaching and as a farmer. The latter year he removed to Benton, Franklin County, where he began reading law, but suspended his studies to enlist in the Mexican War, serving as a private; in 1849 was elected County Judge of Franklin County, and, in the following year, was admitted to the bar. In 1861 he was elected Judge for the Twenty-sixth Circuit and reelected in 1867, serving until 1878. He also served as a Delegate in the State Constitutional Convention of 1862 from the district composed of Franklin and Jackson Counties, and, being a zealous Democrat, was one of the leaders in calling the mass meeting held at Peoria, in August, 1864, to protest against the policy of the Qovemment in the prosecution of the war. About the close of his last term upon the bench (1873), he removed to Carbondale, where he continued to reside. In his later years he became an Independent in politics, acting for a time in codperation with the friends of temperance. In 1885 he was appointed by joint resolution of the Legislature on a commission to revise the revenue code of the State. Died, at Tucson, Ariz., June 25, 1889.

DUNCAN^ Joseph^ Congressman and Governor, was bom at Paris, Ky., Feb. 22, 1794; emigrated to Illinois in 1818, having previously served with distinction in the War of 1812, and been presented with a sword, by vote of Congress, for gallant conduct in the defense of Fort Stephenson. He was oonmiissioned Major-Qeneral of Illinois militia in 1823 and elected State Senator fron^ Jackson Coimty in 1824 He served in the lower house of Congress from 1827 to 1884, when he resigned his seat to occupy the gubernatorial chair, to which he was elected the latter year. He was the author of the first free-school law, adqpted in 1825. His executive policy was conservative and consistent, and his administration soocessfuL He erected the first frame building at Jacksonville, in 1834, and was a liberal friend of Illinois College at that place. In his personal character he was kindly, genial and unassuming, although fearless in the expression of his convictions. He was the Whig candidate for Grovemor in 1842, when he met with his first political defeat. Died, at Jacksonville, Jan. 15, 1844, mourned by men of all parties.

DUNCAIC^ Thomas, soldier, was bom in Easkaskia, HI., April 14, 1809; served as a private in the Illinois mounted volunteers during the Black Hawk War of 1832; also as First Lieutenant of cavalry in the regular army in the Mexican War (1846), and as Major and Lieutenant-Colonel during the War of the Rebellion, still later doing duty upon the frontier keeping the Indians in check. He was retired from active service in 1873, and died in Washington, Jan. 7, 1887.

DUNDEE, a town on Fox River, in Kane County, 5 miles (by rail) north of Elgin and 47 miles west-northwest of Chicago. It has two distinct corporations - East and West Dundee - but is progressive and united in action. Dairy farming is the principal industry of the adjacent region, and the town has two large milk-condensing plants, a cheese factory, eta It has good water power and there are fiour and saw-mills, besides brick and tile-works, an^xtensive nursery, two banks, six churches, a handsome high school building, a public library and two weekly papers. Pop. (1890), 2,023; (1900), 2,765; (1910), 2,785.

DUNHAM^ John Hlgh^ banker and Board of Trade operator, was bom in Seneca County, N. Y., 1817; came to Chicago in 1844, engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, and, a few years later, took a prominent part in solving the question of a water supply for the city ; was elected to the Twentieth Oeneral Assembly (1856) and the next year assisted in organizing the Merchants' Loan & Trust Company, of which he became the first President, retiring five years later and reengaging in the mercantile business. While Hon. Hugh McCullough was Secretary of the Treasury, he was appointed National Bank Examiner for Illinois, serving until 1866. He was a member of the Chicago Historical Society, the Academy of Sciences, and an early member of the Board of Trade. Died, April 28, 1893, leaving a large estate.

DUNHAM^ Bansom W^ merchant and Congressman, was bom at Savoy, Mass., March 21, 1838; after graduating from the High School at Springfield, Mass., in 1855, was connected with the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company until August, 1860. In 1857 he removed from Springfield to Chicago, and at the termination of his connection with the Insurance Company, embarked in the grain and provision commission business in that city, and, in 1882, was President of the Chicago Board of Trade. From 1888 to 1889 he represented the First Illinois District in Congress, after the expiration of his last term devoting his attention to his large private business. His death took place suddenly at Springfield. Mass., August 19, 1896.

Maine, in 1828 ; studied mathematics and engineering at Gk>rham Academy, and, after several years* experience on the Boston & Maine and the New York & Erie Railways, came west in 1855 and accepted a position as assistant engineer on what is now the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, finally becoming its General Superintendent, and, in fourteen years of his connection with that road, vastly extending its lines. Between 1872 and '79 he was connected with the Montreal & Quebec Railway, but the latter year returned to Illinois and was actively connected with the extension of the Wabash system until his retirement a few years ago. Died May 12, 1904.