Piatt County, Illinois - The whole text, 1917 (part 19 of 26)

The same year he sailed for Canada, landing at Quebec. For eighteen months he devoted himself chiefly to the study of Indian dialects, and, in 1668, accompanied a party of Nez-Peroes to Lake Superior, where he foimded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie. Later, after various vicissitudes, he went to Mackinac, and, in that vicinity, foimded the Mission of S^. Ignace and built a rude church. In 1678 he accompanied Joliet on his voyage of discovery down the Mississippi, the two setting out from Green Bay on May 17, and reaching the Mississippi, by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Riverc, June 17. (For an interesting translation of Marquette's quaint narrative of the expedition, see Shea*8 "Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi,'' N. Y., 1852.) In September, 1673, after leaving the Illinois and stopping for some time among the Indians near "Starved Rock," he returned to Green Bay much broken in health. In October, 1674, under orders from his superior, he set out to establish a mission at Kaskaskia on the Upper Illinois. In December he reached the present site of Chicago, where he was compelled to halt because of exhaustion. On March 29, 1675, he resumed his journey, and reached Kaskaskia, after much suffering, on April 8. After laboring indefatigably and making many converts, failing health compelled him to start on his return to Mackinac. Before the voyage was completed he died, May 18, 1675, at the mouth of a stream which long bore his name - but is not the present Marquette River - on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. His remains were subsequently removed to Point St. Ignace. He was the first to attempt to explain the lake tides, and modem science has not improved his theory.

MARSEILLES, a city on the Illinois River, in La Salle County, 8 miles east of Ottawa, and 77 miles southwest of Chicago, on the line of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad. Excellent water power is furnished by a dam across the river. The city has several factories, among the leading products being fiour, paper and agricultural implementa Coal is mined in the vicinity. The grain trade ib large, sufficient to support three elevators. There are two papers, one issuing a daily edition. Pop. (1900), 2,559; (1910), 3,291.

MARSH) Bei^amin F., Congressman, bom in Wythe Township. Hancock County, 111., was educated at private schools and at Jubilee College, leaving the latter institution one year before graduation. He read law under the tutelage of his brother. Judge J. W. Marsh, of Warsaw, and ' admitted to the bar in 1860. The same year he was an unsuccessful candidate for State's Attorney. Immediately upon the first call for troops in 1861, he raised a company of cavaby. and, going to Springfield, tendered it to Govemor Yates. No cavalry having been called for, the Govemor felt constrained to decline it. On his way home Mr. Marsh stopped at Quincy and enlisted as a private in the Sixteenth Illinois Infantry, in which regiment he served until July 4, 1861, when Gk>vemor Yates advised him by telegraph of his readiness to accept his cavalry company. Returning to Warsaw he recruited another company within a few days, of which he was commissioned Captain, and which was attached to the Second Illinois Cavalry. He served in the army until January, 1866, being four times wounded, and rising to the rank of Colonel. On his return home he interested himself in politics. In 1869 he was a Republican candidate for the State Constitutional Convention, and. in 1876, was elected to represent the Tenth Illinois District in Congress, and re-elected in 1878 and 1880. In 1885 he was appointed a member of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission, serving until 1889. In 1894 he was again elected to Congress from his old district, which, under the new apportionment, had become the Fifteenth, was re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898. In the Fifty-fifth Congress he was a member of the House Committee on Military AfEairs and Chairman of Committee on Militia. Died June 2, 1905.

MABSH^ William^ jurist, was bom at Moravia, N. Y., May 11, 1822; was educated at Groton Academy and Union College, graduating from the latter in 1842. He studied law, in part, in the office of Millard Fillmore, at Buffalo, and was admitted to the bar in 1845, practicing at Ithaca until 1854, when he removed to Quincy, IlL Here he continued in practice, in partnership, at different periods, with prominent lawyers of that city, until elected to the Circuit bench in 1885, serving until 1891. Died, April 14, 1894.

MARSHALL, the county -seat of Clark County, and an incorporated city, WH miles southwest of Terre Haute, Ind., and a point of Intersection of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis and the Vandalia Railroads. The surrounding country is devoted to farming and stock-raising. The city has woolen, fiour, saw and planing mills, and milk condensing plant. It has two banks, eight churches and a good public school system, which includes city and township high schools, and two newspapers. Pop. (1S90), 1,9UU; (1900), 2,077; (1910), 2,569.

MARSHALL, Samuel S.^ lawyer and Congressman, was bom in Gallatin Coimty, III., in 1824; studied law and soon after located at McLeansboro. In 1846 he was chosen a member of the lower house of the Fifteenth General Assembly, but resigned, early in the following year, to become State's Attorney, serving until 1848 ; was Judge of the Circuit Court from 1851 to 1854, and again from 1861 to 1865; was delegate from the State-at-large to the Charleston and Baltimore Conventions of 1860, and to the National Union Convention at Philadelphia in 1866. In 1861 he received the complimentary vote of his party in the Legislature for United States Senator, and was similarly honored in the Fortieth Congress (1867) by receiving the Democratic support for Speaker of the House. He was first elected to Congress in 1854, re-elected in 1856, and, later, served continuously from 1865 to 1875, when he returned to the practice of his profession. Died, July 26, 1890.

MARSHALL COUNTY, situated in the northcentral part of the State, with an area of 350 square miles - named for Chief Justice John Marshall. Settlers began to arrive in 1827, and coimty organization was effected in 1889. The Illinois River bisects the county, which is also drained by Sugar Creek. The surface is gener- - ally level prairie^ except along the river, although occasionally undulating. The soil is fertile, com, wheat, hay and oats forming the staple agricultural products. Hogs are raised in great number, and coal is extensively mined. Lacon is the county-seat. Population (1880), 15,058; (1890), 13,653; (1900), 16,370; (1910), 15,679.

MARTIN, (Oen.) James S., ex- Congressman and soldier, was bom in Scott County, Va., August 19, 1826, educated in the common schools, and, at the age of 20, accompanied his parents to Southern Illinois, settling in Marion County. He served as a non-commissioned officer in the war with Mexico. In 1849, he was elected Clerk of the Marion County Court, which office he filled for twelve years. By profession he was a lawyer, and was in active practice when not in public or military life. For a number of years he was a member of the Republican State Central Committee. In 1862 he was commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh Illinois Volunteers, and, at the close of the war, brevetted Brigadier-Greneral. On his return home he was elected County Judge of Marion Coimty, and, in 1868, appointed United States Pension Agent. The latter post he resigned in 1872, having been elected, as a Republican, to represent

MARTINSYILLE^ a village of Clark County, on the Terra Haute <fe Indianapolis (Vandalia) Railroad, 11 miles southwest of Marshall; has a bank, flouring mills and one weekly paper. Pop. (1890), 779; (1900), 1,000; (1910), 1,500.

MASCOUTAH^ a city in St. Clair County, 25 miles from St. Louis and 11 miles east of Belleville, on the line df the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Coal-mining and agriculture are the principal industries of the surrounding country. The city has flour mills, a brickyard, dairy» school, churches, and electric line; also bank and two weekly papers. Pop. (1900), 2,171; (1910), 2,081.

MASON) Roswell B.^ civil engineer, was bom in Oneida Coimty, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1805; in his boyhood was employed as a teamster on the Erie Cuial, a year later (1822) accepting a position as rodman under Edward F. Oay, assistant-engineer in charge of construction. Subsequently he was employed on the Schuylkill and Morris Canals, on the latter becoming assistant-engineer and, finally, chief and superintendent. Other works with which Mr. Mason was connected in a similar capacity were the Pennsylvania Canal and the Housatonic, New York & New Haven and the Vermont Valley Railroads. In 1851 he came west and took charge of the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, a work which required five years for its completion. The next four years were spent as contractor in the construction of roads in Iowa and Wisconsin, until 1860, when he became Superintendent of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, but remained only one year, in 1861 accepting the position of Controller of the land department of the Illinois Central Railroad, which he retained until 1867. The next two years were occupied in the service of the State in lowering the summit of the Illinois & Michigan CanaL In 1869 he was elected Mayor of the city of Chicago, and it was in the closing days of his term that the great fire of 1871 occurred, testing his executive ability to the utmost. From 1873 to 1883 he served as one of the Trustees of the Illinois Industrial University, and was one of the incorporators, and a life-long Director, of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest Died, Jan. 1, 1892. - Edward Gay (Mason), son of the preceding, was bom at Bridgeport;, Conn., August 28, 1839; came with his father's family, in 1852, to Chicago, where he attended school for several years, after which he entered Yale College, graduating there in 1860. He then studied law, and, later, became a member of the law firm of Mattocks & Mason, but subsequently, in conjunction with two brothers, organized the firm of Mason Brothers, for the prosecution of a real-estate and law busiiiess. In 1881 Mr. Mason was one of the organizers of the Chicago Musical Festival, which was instrumental in bringing Theoddre Thomas to Chicago. In 1887 he became President of the Chicago Historical Society, as the successor of Elihu B. Washbume, retaining the position imtil his death, Dec. 18, 1898. During his incumbency, the commodious building, now occupied by the Historical Society Library, was erected, and he added largely to the resources of the Society by the collection of rare manuscripts and other historical records. He was the author of several historical works, including "Illinois in the Eighteenth Century,'* "Kaskaskia and Its Parish Records,'' besides papers on La Salle and the first settlers of Illinois, and "The Story of James Willing - An Episode of the American Revolution." He also edited a volume entitled "Early Chicago and Illinois," which was published under the auspices of the Chicago Historical Society. Mr. Mason was, for several years, a Trustee of Yale University and, about the time of his death, was prominently talked of for President of that institution, as successor to President Timothy Dwight.

MASON, WUliam E., United States Senator, was bom at Franklinville, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., July 7, 1850, and accompanied his parents to Bentonsport, Iowa, in 1858. He was educated at the Bentonsport Academy and at Birmingham College. From 1866 to 1870 he taught school, the last two years at Des Moines. In that city he studied law with Hon. Thomas F. Withrow, who afterward admitted him to partnership. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, where he has since practiced his profession. He soon embarked in politics, and, in 1878, was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly, and, in 1882, to the State Senate. In 1884 he was the regular Republican candidate for Congress in the Third Illinois District (then strongly Republican), but, owing to party dissensions, was defeated by James H. Ward, a Democrat. In 1886, and again in 1888, he was elected to Congress, but, in 1890, was defeated for re-election by Allan C. Durborow. He is a vigorous and effective campaign speaker. In 1897 he was elected United States Senator, receiving in the Legislature 125 votes to 77 for John P. Altgeld, the Democratic candidate.

Alton and the Havana branch of the Illinois Central Railroads, 18 miles west by north of Lincoln, and about 80 miles north of Springfield. Being in the heart of a rich corn-growing district, it is an important shipping point for that commodity. It has four churches, two banks, two newspapers, brick works, flour-mills, grain-elevators and a carriage factory. Population (1880), 1,714; (1890), 1,869; (1900), 1,890; (1910), 1,842.

MASOX COUNTY, organircd in 1841, with a population of about 2,000; population (1910), 17,377, and area of 518 square miles - named for a ooimty in Kentucky. It lies a little northwest of the center of the State, the Illinois and Sangamon Rivers forming its west and its south boundaries. The soil, while sandy, is fertile. The chief staple is com, and the county offers excellent opportunities for viticulture. The American pioneer of Mason Coimty was probably Maj. Ossian B. Ross, who settled at Havana in 1882. Not until 1887, however, can immigration be said , to have set in rapidly. Havana was first chosen as the county -seat, but Bath enjoyed the honor for a few years, the county offices being permanently removed to the former point in 1851. Mason City is an important shipping point on the Chicago So Alton Railroad

Masoxs, Ancient Order Of Free And

MASSAC COUNTY, an extreme southern county of the State and one of the smallest, its area, being but little more than 240 square miles, with a population (1910) of 14,200 - named for Fort Massac, within its borders. The surface is hilly toward the north, but the bottom lands along the Ohio River are swampy and Jiable to frequent overflows. A considerable portion of the natural resources consbts of timber - oak, walnut, poplar, hickory, cypress and cottonwood abounding. Saw-mills are found in nearly every town, and considerable grain and tobacco are raised. The original settlers were largely from Ohio, Kentucky and North Carolina, and hospitality is traditional. Metropolis, on the Ohio River, is the coimty-seat. It was laid off in 1889, although Massac County was not separately organized until 1848. At Massac City may be seen the ruins of the early French fort of that name.

MASSAC COUNTY REBELLION, the name commonly given to an outbreak of mob violence which occurred in Massac County, in 1845-46. An arrested criminal having asserted that an organized band of thieves and robbers existed, and having given the names of a large number of the alleged members, popular excitement rose to fever heat. A company of self-appointed **regulators** was formed, whose acts were so arbitrary that, at the August election of 1846, a Sheriff and County Clerk were elected on the avowed issue of opposition to these irregular tactics. This served to stimulate the ''regulators'* to renewed activity. Many persons were forced to leave the county on suspicion, and others tortured into making confession. In consequence, some leading "regulators** were thrown into jail, only to be soon released by their friends, who ordered the Sheriff and Coimty Clerk to leave the county. The feud rapidly grew, both in proportions and in intensity. Grovemor French made two futile efforts to restore order through mediation, and the ordinary processes of law were also found unavailing. Judge Scates was threatened with lynching. Only 60 men dared to serve in the Sheriff's posse, and these surrendered upon promise of personal immunity from violence. This pledge was not regarded, several members of the posse being led away as prisoners, some of whom, it was believed, were drowned in the Ohio River. All the incarcerated ''regulators** were again released, the Sheriff and his supporters were once more ordered to leave, and fresh seizures and outrages followed each other in quick succession. To remedy this condition of affairs, the Legislature of 1847 enacted a law creating district courts, under the provisions of which a Judge might hold court in any county in his circuit. This virtually conferred upon the Judge the right to change the venue at his own discretion, and thus secure juries unbiased by local or partisan feeling. The effect of this legislation was highly beneficial in restoring quiet, although the embers of the feud still smoldered and intermittently leaped into flame for several years thereafter.

MATH EN Y^ Charles R.^ pioneer, was bom in Loudoun County, Va., March 6, 1786, licensed as a Methodist preacher, in Kentucky, and, ,in 1805, came to St. Clair County (then in Indiana Territory), as a missionary. Later, he studied law and was admitted to the bar; served in the Third Territorial (1817) and the Second State Legislatures (1820-22) ; removed, in 1821, to the newly organized county of Sangamon, where he was appointed the first County Clerk, remaining in office eighteen years, also for some years holding, at the same time, the offices of Circuit Clerk, Recorder and Probate Judge. Died, while County Clerk, in 1839. - Noah W. (Matheny), son of the preceding, was bom in St. CHair County, IlL, July 31, 1815; was assistant of his father in the

Countj Clerk^s office in Sangamon County, and, on the death of the latter, (November, 1889), was elected his successor, and re-elected for eight consecutive terms, serving until 1878. Died, April 80, '1877. - James H. (Matheny), another son, bom Oct. 80, 1818, in St. Clair County; served in his youth as Clerk in various local offices; was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, elected Circuit Clerk in 1852, at the close of his term beginning the practice of law; was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Volunteers, in October, 1862, and, after the siege of Vicksburg, served as Judge Advocate until July, 1864, when he resigned. He then returned to his profession, but, in 1878, was elected County Judge of Sangamon County, holding the office by repeated reelections until his death, Sept. 7, 1890, - having resided in Springfield 68 years.

MATHER) Thomas, pioneer merchant, was bom, April 24, 1795, at Simsbury, Hartford County, Conn. ; in early manhood was engaged for a time in business in New York City, but, in the spring of 1818, came to Kaskaskia, 111., where he soon after became associated in business with James L. Lamb and others. This firm was afterwards quite extensively engaged in trade with New Orleans. Later he became one of the foimders of the town of Chester. In 1820 Mr. Mather was elected to the lower branch of the Second Oeneral Assembly from Randolph County, was re-elected to the Third (serving for a part of the session as Speaker), and again to the Fourth, but, before the expiration of his last term, resigned to accept an appointment from President John Quincy Adams as Commissioner to locate the military road from Independence to Santa Fe, and to conclude treaties with the Indians along the line. In the Legislature of 1822 he was one of the most determined opponents of the scheme for securing a pro-slavery Constitution. In 1828 he was again elected to the House and, in 1882, to the Senate for a term ot four years. He also served as Colonel on the staff of Oovemor Coles, and was supported for the United States Senate, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John McLean, in 1830. Having removed to Springfield in 1885, he became prominent in business affairs there in connection with his former partner, Mr. James L. Lamb; in 1887 was appointed a member of the first Board of Fund Commissioners for the State under the internal improvement system ; also served seven years as President of the Springffield branch of the State Bank; was connected, as a stockholder, with the construction of the Sangamon Sc Morgan (now Wabash) Railroad, extending from Springfield to the Illinois river at Naples, and was also identified, financially, with the old Chicago & Galena Union Railroad. From 1885 until his death, Colonel Mather served as one of the Trustees of Illinois College at Jacksonville, and was a liberal contributor to the endowment of that institution. His death occurred during a visit to Philadelphia, March 28, 1858.

MATTESON, Joel Aldrich, ninth regularly elected Oovemor of Illinois (1858-57), was bom in Watertown, N. Y., August 8, 1808; after some exx)erience in business and as a teacher, in 1881 he went to South Carolina, where he was foreman in the construction of the first railroad in that State. In 1884 he removed to Illinois, where he became a contractor on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, and also engaged in manufacturing at Joliet. After serving three terms in the State Senate, he was elected Governor in 1852, and, in 1855, was defeated by Lyman Trumbull for the United States Senatorship. At the close of his gubernatorial term he was complimented by the Legislature, and retired to private life a popular man. Later, there were developed grave scandals in connection with the refunding of certain canal scrip, with which his name - unfortunately - was connected. He turned over property to the State of the value of nearly $250,000. for its indemnification. He finally took up his residence in Chicago, and later spent considerable time in travel in Europe. He was for many years the lessee and President of the Chicago & Alton Railroad. Died in Chicago, Jan. 81, 1878.

MATTHEWS, Asa C, ex-Comptroller of the United States Treasury, was born in Pike County, 111., March 22, 1888; graduated from Illinois College in 1855, and was admitted to the bar three years later. Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he abandoned a remunerative practice at Pittsfield to enlist in the army, and was elected and commissioned a Captain in the Ninety -ninth Illinois Volunteers. He rose to the rank of Colonel, being mustered out of the service in August, 1865. He was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue in 1869, and Supervisor for the District composed of Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, in 1875. Being elected to the Thirtieth General Assembly in 1876, he resigned his office, and was re-elected to the Legislature in 1878. On the death of Judge Higbee, Governor Hamilton appointed Mr. Matthews to fill the vacancy thus created on the bench of the Sixth Circuit, his term expiring in 1885. In 1888 he was elected to the Thirty-sixth General Assembly and was chosen Speaker of the House. In May, 1889, President Harrison named him First Ck>mptroUer of the United States Treasury, and the House, by a unanimous vote, expressed its gratification at his selection. Col. Matthews served as Department Commander of the G. A. R. of Illinois, 1907-08. Died at his home inPittsfield, June 14, 1908.

MATTHEWS^ Milton W., lawyer and journalist, was bom in Clark Coimty, 111., March 1, 1846, educated in the common schools, and, near the close of the war, served in a 100-days' regiment ; began teaching in Champaign County in 1865, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1867 ; in 187B was appointed Master in Chancery, served two terms as Prosecuting Attorney, and, in 1888, was elected to the State Senate, meanwhile, from 1879, discharging the duties of editor of **The Champaign County Herald," of which he was also proprietor. During his last session in the State Senate (1891-92) he served as President pro tern, of that body; was also President of the State Press Association and served on the staff of Governor Fifer, with the rank of Colonel of the niinoifl National Guard. Died, at Urbana, May 10, 1892.

MATTOON. an important city in Coles Coimty, 172 miles west of south from Chicago and 56 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. ; a point of junction for three lines of railway, and an iinportant shipping point for com and broom com, which are both extensively grown in the surrounding region. It has several banks, foundries, machine shops, brick and tile-works, flour-mills, broom factories, with three daily and two weekly newspapers; also has good graded schools and a high school. The repair shops of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad are located here. Pop. (1890), 6,833; (1900), 9,622; (1910), 11,456.

MAXWELL) Philip^ M.B., pioneer physician, was bom at Guilford, Vt., April 3, 1799, graduated in medicine and practiced for a time at Sackett's Harbor, also serving in the New York Legislature; was appointed Assistant Surgeon at Fort Dearborn, in 1883, remaining intil the abandonment of the fort at the end of 1836. In 1838 he was promoted Surgeon, and served with Gen. Zachary Taylor in the campaign against the Seminoles in Florida, but resumed private practice in Chicago in 1844; served two terms as Representative in the General Assembly (1848-52) and, in 1855. settled on the shores of Lake Geneva, Wis., where he died, Nov. 5. 1859.

to Edwardsville. IlL, and afterwards to Jacksonville; was elected from Morgan County to the Sixth General Assembly (1828), and the next year removed to Springfield, having been appointed by President Jackson Receiver of Public Moneys for the Land Office there. He was twice elected to Congress (1834 and '86), the first year defeating Benjamin Mills, a briUiant lawyer of Galena. Later, May became a resident of Peoria, but finally removed to California, where he died.

MATO^ Walter L*, legislator, was hem in Albemarle Coimty Va., March 7, 1810; came to Edwards County, 111., in 1828, and began teaching. He took part in the Black Hawk War (1831-32), being appointed by Governor Reynolds Quartermaster of a battalion organized in that section of the State. He had previously been appointed County Clerk of Edwards County to fill a vacancy, and continued, by successive re-elections, to occupy the position for thirty -seven years - also acting, for a portion of the time, as Circuit Clerk, Judge of Probate and County Treasurer. In 1870 he was elected Representative in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly for the Edwards County District. On the evening of Jan. 18, 1878, he mysteriously disappeared, having been last seen at the Union Depot at East St. Louis, when about to take the train for his home at Albion, and is supposed to have been secretly murdered. No trace of his body or of the crime was ever discovered, and the affair has remained one of the mysteries of the criminal history of Illinois.

MAYWOOD, a village of Cook County, and suburb of Chicago, 10 miles west of that city, on the Chicago & Northwestern and the Chicago Great Western Railways; has churches, two weekly newspapers, public schools and some manufactures. Pop. (1900), 4,532; (1910), 8,033.

McAllister, WiUlam K., jurist, was born in Washington County, N. Y., in 1818. After admission to the bar he commenced practice at Albion, N. Y., and, in 1854, removed to Chicago. In 1866 he was a candidate for the bench of the Superior Court of that city, but was defeated by Judge Jameson. Two years later he was chosen Judge of the Recorder's Court, and, in 1870, was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court, which position he resigned in 1875, having been elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to fill a vacancy. He was re-elected for a full term and assigned to Appellate Court duty in 1879. He was elected for a third time in 1885, but,, before the expiratioii of his term, he died, Oct. 29. 1888.

McARTHURy John, soldier, was bom in Erskine, Scotland, Nov. 17, 1826; worked at his father's trade of blacksmith until 23 years old, when, coming to the United States, he settled in Chicago. Here he became foreman of a boilermaking establishment, later acquiring an establishment of his own. Having joined the Twelfth Illinois Volunteers at the beginning of the war, with a company of which he was Captain, he was chosen Lieutenant-Colonel, still later Colonel, and. in March, 1862, promoted to Brigadier-General for gallantry in the assault on Fort Donelson, where he commanded a brigade. At Shiloh he was wounded, but after having his wound dressed, returned to the fight and succeeded to the command of the Second Division when Gten. W. H. L. Wallace fell mortally wounded. He commanded a division of McPherson's corps in the operations against Vicksburg, and bore a conspicuous part in the battle of Nashville, where he commanded a division under Gren. A. J. Smith, winning a brevet. Major-Generalship by his gallantry. General Mc Arthur was Postmaster of Chicago from 1873 to 1877. Died March 16, 1906.

McCAOGy Ezra Batter, lawyer, was bom at Kinderhook, N Y., Nov. 22, 1825; studied law at Hudson, and, coming to Chicago in 1847, entered the law office of J. Young Scammon, soon afterwards becoming a member of the firm of Scammon & McCagg. During the war Mr. McCagg was an active member of the United States Sanitary Commission, and (for some years after the fire of 1871) of the Relief and Aid Society; also a life-member and officer of the Chicago Historical Society, besides being identified with several State and mimicipal boards. His standing in his profession is shown by the fact that he was more than once offered a non-partisan nomination for Justice . of the Supreme Court, but declined it. He held a high rank in literary circles, as w6ll as a connoisseiu* in art, and was owner of a large private library collected since the destruction of one by the fire of 1871. Died Aug. 2, 1908.

McCartney, James, lawyer and ex- Attorney General, was bom of Scotch parentage in the north of Ireland, Feb. 14, 1835; at two years of age was brought to the United States and, until 1845, resided in Pennsylvania, when his parents removed to Trumbull County, Oliio. Here he spent his youth in general farm work, meanwhile attending' a high school and finally engaging in teaching. In 1856 he began the study of law at Warren, Ohio, which he continued a year later in the office of Harding & Reed, at Monmouth, 111. ; was admitted to the bar in January, 1858, and began practice at Monmouth, removing the following year to Galva. In April, 1861, he enlisted in what afterwards became the Seventeenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, was commissioned a First Lieutenant, but, a year later, was compelled to resign on account of ill-health. A few months later he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Twelfth Illinois, being soon promoted to a captaincy, although serving much of the time as Judge Advocate on courts-martial, and, for one year, as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General in the Army of the Ohio. At the conclusion of his term of service in the army, he resumed the practice of his profession at Fairfield, 111.; in 1880 was nominated and elected, as a Republican, Attorney- General of the State, and, during his last year in office, began the celebrated *'Lake Front suits'* which finally terminated successfully for the city of Chicago. Since retiring from office, Generad McCartney has been engaged in the practice of his profession, chiefly in Springfield and Chicago, having been a resident of the latter city since 1890.

McCARTICET, Robert Wilson, lawyer and jurist, was bom in Trumbull Coimty, Ohio, March 19, 1843, spent a portion of his boyhood in Pennsylvania, afterwards returning to Youngstown, Ohio, where he enlisted as a private in the Sixth Ohio Cavalry. He was severely wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, lying two days and nights on the field and enduring untold suffering. As soon as able to take the field he was commissioned, by Governor Curtin, a Captain in the Eighty -third Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving in the army of the Potomac to the close of the war, and taking part in the grand review at Washington, in May, 1865. After the war he took a course in a business college at Pittsburg, removed to Cleveland and began the study of law, but soon came to Illinois, and, having completed his law studies with his brother, J. T. McCartney, at Metropolis, was admitted to the bar in 1868; also edited a Republican paper there, became interested in lumber manufacture and was one of the founders of the First National Bank of that city. In 1873 he was elected Coimty Judge of Massao County, serving nine years, when (1882) he was elected Representative in the Thirty-third C^eneral Assembly. At the close of his term in the Legislature he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court for the first Circuit, serving from 1885 to 1891. Died, Oct. 27, 1893. Judge McCartney was able, public-spirited and patriotic. The city of Metropolis owes to him the Free Public Library bearing his name.

MeCLAUGHRTy Ro1l>ert Wilson, penologist, was born at Fountain Green, Hancock County, HI., July 22, 1839, being descended from Scotch- Irish ancestry - his grandfather, who was a native of the North of Ireland, having come to America in his youth and served in the War of the Revolution. The subject of this sketch grew up on a farm, attending school in the winter until 1854, then spent the next two winters at an academy, and, in 1856, began a course in Monmouth College, where he graduated in 1860. The following year he spent as instructor in Latin in the same institution, but, in 1861, became editor of **The Carthage Republican," a Democratic paper, which he made a strong advocate of the cause of the Union, meanwhile, both by his pen and on the stump, encouraging enlistments in the army. About the first of July, 1862, having disposed of his interest in the paper, he enlisted in a company of which he was unanimously chosen Captain, and which, with four other companies organized in the same section, became the nucleus of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Illinois Volunteers. The regiment having been completed at Camp Butler, he was elected Major, and going to the field in the following fall, took part in General Sherman^s first movement against Vicksburg by way of Chickasaw Bayou, in December, 1862. Later, as a member of Osterhaus* Division of Greneral McClemand*s corps, he participated with his regiment in the capture of Arkansas Post, and in the operations against Vicksburg which resulted in the capture of that stronghold, in July, 1868. He then joined the Department of the Gulf under command of General Banks, but was compelled by sickness to return north. Having sufficiently recovered, he spent a few months in the recruiting service (1864), but, in May of that year, was transferred, by order of President Lincoln, to the Pay Department, as Additional-Paymaster, with the rank of Major, being finally assigned to duty at Springfield, where he remained, paying off Illinois regiments as mustered out of the service, until Oct. 13, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. A few weeks later he was elected County Clerk of Hancock County, serving four years. In the meantime he engaged in the stone business, as head of the firm of R. W. McClaughry & Co., furnishing stone for the basement of the State Capitol at Springfield and for t>ridges across the Mississippi at Quincy and Keokuk - later being engaged in the same business at St. Genevieve, Mo., with headquarters at St. Louis. Compelled to retire by failing health, he took up his residence at Monmouth in 1873, but, in 1874, was called to the wardenship of the State Penitentiary at Joliet. Here he remained until December, 1888, when he resigned to accept the superintendency of the Industrial Reformatory at Huntingdon, Pa., but, in May, 1891, accepted from Mayor Washbume the position of Chief of Police in Chicago, continuing in service, under Mayor Harrison, until August, 1893, when he became Superintendent of the Illinois State Reformatory at Pontiac. Early in 1897 he was again offered and accepted the position of Warden o( the State Penitentiary at Joliet. Here he remained until 1899, when he received from President McKinley the appointment of Warden of the Military Prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., which position he now (1899) occupies. Major Mc- Claughry's administration of penal and reformatory institutions has been eminently satisfactoiy, and he has taken rank as one of the most successful penologists in the country.

McCLELLAN^ Robert H., lawyer and banker, was born in Washington County, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1828; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, in 1847, and then studied law with Hon. Martin I. Townsend, of Troy, being admitted to the bar in 1850. The same year he removed to Galena, IlL ; during his first winter there, edited ''The Galena Gazette," and the following spring formed a partnership with John M. Douglas, afterwards General Solicitor and President of the Illinois Central Railroad, which ended with the reriioval of the latter to Chicago, when Mr. McClellan succeeded him as local attorney of the road at Gralena. In 18C4 Mr. McClellan became President of the Bank of Galena - later the * 'National Bank of Galena" - remaining for over twenty yeara He was also largely interested in local manufactories and financial institutions elsewhere. He served as a Republican Representative in the Twenty-second General Assembly (1861-62), and as Senator (1876-80), and maintained a high rank as a sagacious and judicious legislator. Liberal, public spirited and patriotic, his name was prominently connected with all movements for the improvement of his locality and the advancement of the mterests of the State. Died July 23, 1902.

McCLERNANDy John Alexander^ a volunteer officer in the Civil War and prominent Democratic politician, was bom in Breckenridge County, Ky., May 80, 1812, brought to Shawneetown in 1816, was admitted to the bar in 1832, and engaged in journalism for a time. He served in the Black Hawk War, and was elected to the Legislature in 1836, and again in 1840 and *42. The latter year he was elected to Congress, serv- ing four consecutive terms, but declinmg a renominatioD, being about to remoTe to Jacksonville, where he resided from 1851 to 1856. Twice (1840 and '53) he was a Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket. In 1856 he removed to Springfield, and, in 1859, re-entered Congress as Representative of the Springfield District; was re-elected in 1860, but resigned in 1861 to accept a commission as Brigadier-General of Volunteers from President Lincoln, being promoted Major- General early in 1862. He participated in the battles of Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh and before Vicksburg, and was in command at the capture of Arkansas Post, but was severely criticised for some of his acts during the Vicksburg campaign and relieved of his command by General Grant. Having finally been restored by order of President Lincoln, he participated in the campaign in Louisiana and Texas, but resigned his commission in 1864. General McClemand presided over the Democratic National Convention of 1876, and, in 1886, was appointed by President Cleveland one of the members of the Utah Commission, serving through President Harrison's administration. He was also elected Circuit Judge in 1870, as succ essor to Hon. B. S. Edwards, who had resigned. Died Sept. 20, 1900. McCLURG^ Alexander C.^ soldier and publisher, was bom in Philadelphia but grew up in Pittsburg, where his father was an iron manufacturer. He graduated at Miami University* Oxford, Ohio., and, after studying law for a time with Chief Justice Lowrie of Pennsylvania, came to Chicago in 1859, and entered the bookstore of S. C. Griggs & Co., as a jimior clerk. Early in 1861 he enlisted as a private in the War of the Rebellion, but the quota of three-months' men being already full, his services were not accepted. In August. 1862, he became a member of the "Crosby Guards," afterwards incorporated in the Eighty -eighth Illinois Infantry (Second Board of Trade Regiment), and was unanimously elected Captain of Company H. After the battle of Perryville, he was detailed as Judge Advocate at Nashville, and, in the following year, offered the position of Assistant Adjutant-General on the staff of General McCook, afterwards serving in a similar capacity on the staffs of Generals Thomas, Sheridan and Baird. He took part in the defense of Chattanooga and, at the battle of Missionary Ridge, had two horses shot under him ; was also with the Fourteenth Army Corps in the Atlanta campaign, and, at the request of Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, was promoted to the rank of Colonel and brevetted Brigadier-General - later, being presented with a sword bearing the names of the principal battles in which he was engaged, besides being especially complimented in letters by Generals Sherman, Thomas, Baird, Mitchell, Davis and others. He was invited to enter the regular army at the close of the war, but preferred to return to private life, and resumed hia former position with S. C. Griggs & Co., soon after becoming a junior partner in the concern, of which he later became the chief. In the various mutations through which this extensive firm has gone, General McClurg became a leading factor until, in his later years, he stood at the head of the most extensive publishing firm west of New York. Died April 15, 1901.

McCONNELy Murray^ pioneer and lawyer, was born in Orange County, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1798, and educated in the common schools; left home at 14 years of age and, after a year at Louisville, spent several years flat-boating, trading and hunting in the West, during this period visiting Arkansas, Texas and Kansas, finally settling on a farm near Herculaneum, Mo. In 1828 he located in Scott (then a part of Morgan) County, IlL, but when the town of Jacksonville was laid out, became a citizen of that place. During the Black Hawk War (July and August, 1882), he served on the staff of Gen. J. D. Henry with the rank of Major; in 1887 was appointed by Governor Duncan a member of the Board of Public Works for the First Judicial District, in this capacity having charge of the construction of the railroad between Meredosia and Springfield (then known as the Northern Cross Railroad) - the first public railroad built in the State, and the only one constructed during the * 'internal improvement'' era following 1837. He also held a commission from Governor French as Major-General of State Militia, in 1855 was appointed by President Pierce Fifth Auditor of the Treasury Department, but retired in 1859. In 1882, on his return from the Black Hawk War, he was elected a Representative in the State Legislature from Morgan County, and, in 1864, was elected to the State Senate for the District composed of Morgan, Menard, Cass, Schuyler and Brown Counties, serving until 1868. Though previously a Democrat and a delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1860, he was an earnest supporter of the war policy of the Government, and was one of four Democratic Senators, in the General Assembly of 1865, who voted for the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment of the National Constitution, prohibiting slavery in the United States. His death occurred by assassination, by some unknown person, in his office at Jacksonville, Feb. 9, 1869. - John* Lndlnm (McCk>nnel), son of the preceding, was bom in Jacksonville, IlL, Nov. 11, 1826, studied law and graduated at Transylvania Law School; in 1846 enlisted as a private in the Mexican War, became First Lieutenant and was promoted Captain after the battle of Buena Vista, where he was twice wounded. After the war he returned to Jacksonville and wrote several books illustrative of Western life and character, which were published between 1850 and 1858. At the time of his death - Jan. 17, 1862 - he was engaged in the preparation of a "History of Early Explorations in America," having special reference to the labors of the early Roman Catholic missionaries.

MeCONNELLy (Gen). John^ soldier, was bom in Madison County, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1824, and came with his parents to Illinois when about sixteen years of age. His father (James McConnell) was a native of Lreland, who came to the United States shortly before the War of 1812, and, after remaining in New York until 1840, came to Sangamon County, 111., locating a few miles south of Springfield, where he engaged extensively in sheep-raising. He was an enterprising and progressive agriculturist, and was one of the founders of the State Agricultural Society, being President of the Convention of 1852 which resulted in its organization. His death took place, Jan. 7, 1867. The subject of this sketch was engaged with his liither and brothers in the farming and stock business until 1861, when he raised a company for the Third Illinois Cavalry, of which he was elected Captain, was later promoted Major, serv- 'ing until March, 1868, during that time taking part in some of the important battles of the war in Southwest Missouri, including Pea Ridge, and was highly complimented by his commander. Gen. Q. M. Dodge, for bravery. Some three months after leaving the Third Cavalry, he was commissioned by (Governor Yates Colonel of the Fifth niinois Cavalry, and, in March, 1865, was commissioned Brevet Brigadier-General, his commission being signed by President Lincoln on April 14, 1865, the morning preceding the night of his assassination. During the latter part of his service, Greneral McConnell was on duty in Texas, being finally mustered out in October, 1865. After the death of his father, and until 1879, he continued in the business of sheep-raising and farming, being for a time the owner of several extensive farms in Sangamon County, but, in 1879, engaged in the insurance business in Springfield, where he died, March 14, 1898.

McCONNELL^ Samuel P.^ son of the preceding, was born at Springfield, III., on July 5, 1849. After completing his literary studies he read law at Springfield in the office of Stuart, Edwards & Brown, and was admitted to the bar in 1872, soon after establishing himself in practice in Chicago. After various partnerships, in which he was associated with leading lawyers of Chicago, he was elected Judge of the Cook County Circuit Court, in 1889, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge W. K. McAllister, serving until 1894, when he resigned to give his attention to private practice. Although one of the youngest Judges upon the bench. Judge McConnell was called upon, soon after his election, to preside at the trial of the conspirators in the celebrated Cronin murder case, in which he displayed great ability. He has also had charge, as presiding Judge, of a number of civil suits of great importance affecting corporations.

MeCORMICKy Cyms Hall^ inventor and manufacturer, bom in Rockbridge County, Ya., Feb. 15> 1809. In youth he manifested unusual mechanical ingenuity, and early began attempts at the manufacture of some device for cutting grain, his first finished machine being produced in 1831. Though he had been manufacturing for years in a small way, it was not until 1844 that his first machine was shipped to the West, and, in 1847, he came to Chicago with a view to establishing its manufacture in the heart of the region where its use would be most in demand. One of his early partners in the business was William B. Ogden, afterwards so widely known in connection with Chicago's railroad history. The business grew on his hands imtil it became one of the largest manufacturing interests in the United States. Mr. McCormick was a Democrat, and, in 1860, he bought "The Chicago Times." and having united it with "The Herald," which he already owned, a few months later sold the consolidated concern to Wilbur F. Storey. "The Interior," the Northwestern mouthpiece of the Presbyterian faith, had been founded by a joint stock-company in 1870, but was burned out in 1871 and removed to Cincinnati. In January, 1872, it was returned to Chicago, and, at the beginning of the following year, it became the property of Mr. McCormick in conjunction with Dr. Gray, who has been its editor and manager ever since. Mr. McCormick's most liberal work was undoubtedly the endowment of the Presby« terian Theological Seminary in Chicago, which goes by his name. His death occurred. May 18, 1884, after a business life of almost unprece-

Presbyterian school of theology in Chicago, being the outgrowth of an institution originally connected with Hanover College, Ind., in 1830. In 1859 the late Cyrus H. McCormick donated $100,- 000 to the school, and it was removed to Chicago, where it was opened in September, with a class of fifteen students. Since then nearly $800,000 have been contributed toward a building fimd by Mr. McCormick and his heirs, besides numerous donations to the same end made by others. The nimiber of buildings is nine, four being for the general purposes of the institution (including dormitories), and five being houses for the professors. The course of instruction covers three annual terms of seven months each, and includes didactic and polemic theology, biblical and ecclesiastical history, sacred rhetoric and pastoral theology, church government and the sacraments. New Testament literature and exegesis, apologetics and missions, and homiletics. The faculty consists of eight professors, one adjimct professor, and one instructor in elocution and vocal culture. Between 200 and 300 students are enrolled, including post-graduates.

McCULLOCH, David, lawyer and jurist, was bom in Cumberland County, Pa., Jan. 25, 1832; received his academic education at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., graduating in the class of 1852. Then, after spending some six months as a teacher in his native village, he came west, arriving at Peoria early in 1853. Here he conducted a private school for two years, when, in 1855, he began the study of law in the office of Manning & Merriman, being admitted to the bar in 1857. Soon after entering upon his law studies he was elected School Commissioner for Peoria County, serving, by successive re-elections, three terms (1855-61). At the close of this period he was taken into partnership with his old preceptor, Julius Manning, who died, July 4, 1862. In 1877 he was elected Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, under the law authorizing the increase of Judges in each circuit to three, and was reelected in 1879, serving until 1885. Six years of this period were spent as a Justice of the Appellate Court for the Third Appellate District. On retiring from the bench, Judge McCulloch entered into partnership with his son, E. D. McCulloch, which is still maintained. Politically, Judge McCulloch was reared as a Democrat, but during the Civil War became a Republican. Since 1886 he has been identified with the Prohibition Party, although, as the result of questions arising during the Spanish- American War, giving a cordial support to the policy of President McKinley. In religious viewS was a Presbyterian, and a member of the Board of Directors of McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago. Died Sept. 17, 1907.

McCULLOUGH, James Skiles, Auditor of Public Accounts, was bom in Mercersburg, Franklin County, Pa., May 4, 1848; in 1854 came with his father to Urbana, 111., and grew up on a farm in that vicinity, receiving such education as could be obtained in the public schools. In 1862, at the age of 19 years, he enlisted as a private in Company G, Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served during the next three years in the Departments of the Mississippi and the Gulf, meanwhile participating in the campaign against Vicksburg, and, near the close of the war, in the operations about Mobile. On the 9th of April, 1865, while taking part in the assault on Fort Blakely, near Mobile, his left arm was torn to pieces by a grape-shot, compelling its amputation near the shoulder. His final discharge occurred in July, 1865. Eetuming home he spent a year in school at Urbana, after which he was a student in the Soldiers' College at Fulton, 111., for two years. He then (1868) entered the office of the County Clerk of Champaign Coimty as a deputy, remaining until 1873, when he was chosen County Clerk, serving by successive re-elections until 1896. The latter year he received the nomination of the Republican Party for Auditor of Public Accounts, and, at the November election, was elected by a plurality of 138,000 votes over his Democratic opponent. He was serving his sixth term as County Clerk when chosen Auditor, having received the nomination of his party on each occasion without opposition.

McDAIflfOLD^ John J,^ lawyer and ex-Con gressman, was bom in Brown County, 111.. August 29, 1851, acquired his early education in the common schools of his^ native county and in a private school ; graduated from the Law Department of the Iowa State University in 1874, and was admitted to the bar in Illinois the same year, commencing practice at Mount Sterling. In 1885 he was made Master in Chancery, in 1886, elected County Judge, and re-elected in 1890, resigning his seat in October, 1892, to accept an election by the Democrats of the Twelfth Illinois District as Representative in the Fifty-third Congress. After retiring from Congress (March 4, 1895), Mr. McDannold removed to Chicago, where he engaged in the practice of law. Died Feb. 3, 1904.

Mcdonough county, organized under an act passed, Jan. 25, 1826, and attached, for judicial purposes, to Schuyler County until 1880. Its present area is 576 square miles - named in honor of Commodore McDonough. The first settlement in the county was at Industry, on the site of which William Carter (the pioneer of the county) built a cabin in 1826. James and John Vance and William Job settled in the vicinity in the following year. Out of this settlement grew Blandinsville. William Pennington located on Spring Creek in 1828, and, in 1881, James M. Campbell erected the first frame house on the site of the present city of Macomb. The first sermon, preached by a Protestant minister in the county, was delivered in the Job settlement by Rev. John Logan, a Baptist. Among the early officers were John Huston, County Treasurer; William Southward, Sheriff; Peter Hale, Coroner, and Jesse Bartlett, Surveyor. The first term of the Circuit Court was held in 1880, and presided over by Hon. Richard M. Young. The first railway to cross the county was the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (1857). Since then other lines have penetrated it, and there are numerous railroad centers and shipping points of considerable importance. Population (1880), 25,087; (1890), 27,467; (1900), 28,412; (1910), 26,887.

McDOUGALL, James Alexander^ lawyer and United States Senator, was bom in Bethlehem, Albany County, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1817; educated at the Albany grammar school, studied law and settled in Pike County, 111., in 1887; was Attorney-(>eneral of Illinois four years (1843-47) ; then engaged in engineering and, in 1849, organized and led an exploring expedition to the Rio del Norte, Gila and Colorado Rivers, finally settling at San Francisco and engaging in the practice of law. In 1850 he was elected Attorney-General of California, serv'ed several terms in the State Legislature, and, in 1852, was chosen, as a Democrat, to Congress, but declined a re-election ; in 1860 was elected United States Senator from California, serving as a War Democrat until 1867. At the expiration of his senatorial term he retired to Albany, N. Y., where he died, Sept. 3, 1867. Though somewhat irregular in habits, he was, at times, a brilliant and effective speaker, and, diiring the War of the Rebellion, rendered valuable aid to the Union cause.

McFABLAND, Andrew, M^D., alienist, was bom in Concord, N. H., July 14, 1817, graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1641, and, after being engaged in general practice for a few years, was invited to assume the management of the New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane at Concord. Here he remained some eight years, during which he acquired considerable reputation in the treatment of nervous and mental disorders. In 1854 he was offered and accepted the position of Medical Superintendent of the Illinois State (now Central) Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, entering upon his duties in June of that year, and continuing his connection with that institution for a period of more than sixteen years. Having resigned his position in the State Hospital in Jime, 1870, he soon after established the Oaklawn Retreat, at Jacksonville, a private institution for the treatment of insane patients, which he conducted with a great degree of success, and with which he was associated during the remainder of his life, dying, Nov. 22, 1891. Dr. McFarland's services were in frequent request as a medical expert in cases before the courts, invariably, however, on the side of the defense. The last case in which he appeared as a witness was at the trial of Charles F. Guiteau, the assassin of President Garfield, whom he believed to be insane.

McOAHET, DaTldy settled in Crawford County, 111., in 1817, and served as Representative from that County in the Third and Fourth . General Assemblies (1822-26), and as Senator in the Eighth and Ninth (1882-86). Although a native of Tennessee, Mr. McGahey was a strong opponent of slavery, and, at the session of 1822, was one of those who voted against the pro-slavery Constitution resolution. He continued to reside in Lawrence Ck>unty until his death in 1851. - James D. (McGfihey), a son of the preceding, was elected to the Ninth General Assembly from Crawford County, in 1884, but died during his term of service.

McOAITN, Lawrenee Edward^ ex-Congressman, was bom in Ireland, Feb. 2, 1852. His father having died in 1884, the following year his mother emigrated to the United States, settling at Milford, Mass., where he attended the public schools. In 1865 he came to Chicago, and, for fourteen years, found employment as a shoemaker. In 1879 he entered the municipal service as a clerk, and, on Jan. 1, 1885, was appointed City Superintendent of Streets, resigning in May, 1891. He was elected in 1892, as a Democrat, to represent the Second Illinois District in the Fifty-second Congress, and re-elected to the Fiftythird. In 1894 he was a candidate for re-election and received a certificate of election by a small majority over Hugh R. Belknap (Republican). An investigation having shown his defeat, he magnanimously surrendered his seat to his competitor without a contest. He has large business interests in Chicago, especially in street railroad property, being President of an important electric line.

McHENBTy a village in MoHenry County, situated on the Fox River and the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. The river is here navigable for steamboats of light draft, which ply between the town and Fox Lake, a favorite resort for sportsmen. The town has bottling works, a creamery, marble and granite works, cigar factory, flour mills, brewery, bank, four churches, and one weekly paper. Pop. (1900), 1,013; (1910), 1,031.

McHENRTy TfUliam^ legislator and soldier of the Black Hawk War, came from Kentucky to Illinois in 1809, locating in White County, and afterwards became prominent as a legislator and soldier in the War of 1812, and in the Black Hawk War of 1832, serving in the latter as Major of the "Spy Battalion" and participating in the battle of Bad Axe. He also served as Representative in the First, Fourth, Fifth and Ninth General Assemblies, and as Senator in the Sixth and Seventh. While serving his last term in the House (1885), he died and was buried at Vandalia, then the State capital McHenry County - organized by act of the Legislature, passed at a second session during the winter of 1885-36 - was named in his honor.

McHENRT COUNTY, lies in the northern portion of the State, bounded on the north by Wisconsin - named for Gen. William MoHenry. Its area is 612 square miles. With what is now the County of Lake, it was erected into a county in 1886, the county-seat being at McHenry. Three years later the eastern part was set off as the County of Lake, and the county-seat of McHenry County removed to Woodstock, the geographical center. The soil is well watered by living springs and is highly productive. Hardwood groves are numerous. Fruits and berries are extensively cultivated, but the herbage is especially adapted to dairying, Kentucky blue grass being indigenous. Large quantities of milk are daily shipped to Chicago, and the annual production of butter and cheese reaches into the millions of pounds. The geological formations comprise the drift and the Cincinnati and Niagara groups of rocks. Near Fox River are found gravel ridges. Vegetable remains and logs of wood have been foimd at various depths in the drift deposits; in one instance a cedar log, seven inches in diameter, having been discovered fortytwo feet below the surface. Peat is found everywhere, although the most extensive deposits are in the northern half of the county, where they exist in sloughs covering several thousands of acres. Several lines of railroad cross the county, and every important village is a railway station. Woodstock, Marengo, and Harvard are the principal towns. Population (1880), 24,908; (1890), 26,114; (1900), 29,759; (1910), 32,509.

McINTOSH^ (Capt.) Alexander, was bom in Fulton County, N. Y., in 1822; at 19 years of age entered an academy at Galway Center, remaining three years; in 1845 removed to Joliet, 111., and, two years later, started *'The Joliet True Democrat," but sold out the next year, and, in 1849, went to California. Returning in 1852, he bought back 'The True Democrat,*' which he edited until 1857, meanwhile (1856) having been elected Clerk of the Circuit Court and Recorder of Will Coimty. In 1868 he was appointed by President Lincoln Captain and Assistant Quartermaster, serving under General Sherman in 1864 and in the '*March to the Sea," and, after the war, being for a time Post Quartermaster at Mobile. Having resigned in 1866, he engaged in mercantile business at Wilmington, Will Coimty; but, in 1869, bought "The Wilmington Independent," which he published until 1878. The next year he returned to Joliet, and, a few months after, became political editor of 'The Joliet Republican," and was subsequently connected, in a similar capacity, with other papers, including "The Phoenix" and "The Sun" of the same city. Died, in Joliet, Feb. 2, 1899.

McKENDBEE, William, Methodist Episcopal Bishop, was bom in Virginia, in 1757, enlisted as a private in the War of the Revolution, but later served as Adjutant and in the commissary depart* ment. He was converted at 80 years of age, and the next year began preaching in his native State, being advanced to the position of Presiding Elder; in 1800 was transferred to the West, Illinois falling within his District. Here he remained until his elevation to the epbcopacy in 1808. McKendree College, at Lebanon, received its name from him, together with a donation of 480 acres of land. Died, near Nashville, Tenn., March 5, 1835.

McKENBBEE COLLEGE, one of the earliest of Illinois colleges, located at Lebanon and incorporated in 1835. Its founding was suggested by Rev. Peter Cartwright, and it may be said to have had its inception at the Methodist Episcopal Conference held at Mount Carmel, in September, 1827. The first funds for its establishment were subscribed by citizens of Lebanon, who contrib- uted from their scanty means, $1,885. Instruction began, Nov. 24, 1828, under Rev. Edward Amee, afterwards a Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1880 Bishop MoKendree made a donation of land to the infant institution, and the school was named in his honor. It cannot be said to have become really a college imtil 1886, and its first class graduated in 1841. University powers were granted it by an amendment to its charter in 1889. At present the departments are as follows: Preparatory, business, classical, scientific, law, music and oratory. The institu* tion owns property to the value of $90,000, including an endowment of $25,000, and has about 200 students, of both sexes, and a faculty of ten instructors. (See Colleges, Early.)

MeLAREN, William Edward, Episcopal Bishop, was bom at Greneva, N. Y., Deo. 18, 1881; graduated 4t Washington and Jefferson College (Washington, Pa.) in 1851, and, after six years spent in teaching and in journalistic work, entered Allegheny Theological Seminary, graduating and entering the Presbyterian ministry in 1860. For three years he was a missionary at Bogota, South America, and later in charge of churches at Peoria, IlL, and Detroit, Mich^ Having entered the Protestant Episcopal Church, he was made a deacon in July, 1872, and ordained priest the following October, immediately thereafter assuming the pastorate of Trinity Church, Cleveland, Ohia In July, 1875, he was elected Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Illinois, which then included the whole State. Subsequently, the dioceses of*Quincyand Springfield were erected therefrom, Bishop McLAren remaining at the head of the Chicago See. During his episcopate, church work has been active and effective, and the Western Theological Seminary in Chicago has been founded. His published works include numerous sermons, addresses and poems, besides a volume entitled "Catholic Dogma the Antidote to Doubt" (New York, 1884). Died Feb. 19, 1905. I MCLAUGHLIN; Robert K., early lawyer and State Treasurer, was bom in Virginia, Oct. 25, 1779; before attaining his majority went to Kentucky, and, about 1815, removed to Illinois, settling finally at Belleville, where he entered upon the practice of law. The first public position held by him seems to have been that of Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk of both Houses of the Third (or last) Territorial Legislature (1816-18). In August, 1819, he entered upon the duties of State Treasurer, as soocessor to John Thomas, who had been Treasurer during the whole Territorial period, serving until January, 1828. Becoming a citizen of Vandalia, by the removal thither of the State capital a few months later, he continued to reside there the remainder of his life. He subsequently represented the Fayette District as Representative in the Fifth General Assembly, and as Senator in the Sixth, Seventh and Tenth, and, in 1887, became Register of the Land OfSce at Vandalia, serving until 1845. Although an uncle of Gen. Joseph Duncan, he became a candidate for Governor against the latter, in 1884, standing third on the list. He married a Miss Bond, a niece of Gov. Shadrach Bond, imder whose adminbtration he served as State Treasurer. Died, at Vandalia, May 29, 1862.

McLEANy a village of McLean Ck>unty, on the Chicago & Alton Railway, 14 miles southwest of Bloomington, in a farming, dairying and stockgrowing district; has one weekly paper. Population (1900), 532; (1910), 707.

McLEAN^ John, early United States Senator, was bom in North Carolina in 1791, brought by his father to Kentucky when four years old, and. at 28, was admitted to the bar and removed to Illinois, settling at Shawneetown in 1815. Poe. sessing oratorical gifts of a high order and an almost magnetic power over men, coupled with strong conunon sense, a keen sense of humor and, great command of language, he soon attained prominence at the bar and as a popular speaker. In 1818 he was elected the first Representative in Congress from the new State, defeating Daniel P. Cook, but served only a few months, being defeated by Cook at the next election. He was three times elected to the Legislature, serving once as Speaker. In 1824 he was chosen United States Senator to succeed C^vemor Edwards (who had resigned), serving one year. In 1828 he was elected for a second time by a imanimous vote, but lived to serve only one session, dying at Shawneetown, Oct. 4, 1830. In testimony of the public appreciation of the loss which the State had sustained by his death, McLean County was named in his honor.

MeLEAN COUNTY, the largest county of the State, having an area of 1,161 square miles, is central as to the region north of the latitude of St. Louis and about midway between that city and Chicago - was named for John McLean, an early United States Senator. The early immigrants were largely from Ohio, although Kentucky and New York were well represented. The county was organized in 1830, the population at that time being about 1,200. The greater portion of the surface is high, imdulating prairie, with occasional groves and belts of timber. On the creek bottoms are found black walnut, sycamore, buckeye, black ash and elm, while the sandy ridges are covered with scrub oak and black-jack. The soil is extremely fertile (generally a rich, brown loam), and the entire county is imderlaid with ooaL The chief occupations are stock-raising, coal-mining, agriculture and manufactures. Sugar and Mackinaw Creeks, with their tributaries, afford thorough drainage. Sand and gravel beds are numerous, but vary greatly in depth. At Chenoa one has been found, in boring for coal, thirty feet thick, overlaid by forty-five feet of the clay common to this formation. The upper seam of coal in the Bloomington shafts is No. 6 of the general section, and the lower. No. 4; the latter averaging four feet in thickness. The principal towns are Bloomington (the countyseat), Normal, Lexington, LeRoy and Chenoa. Population (1900), 67,843; (1910), 68,008.

MeLEANSBORO^ a city and the county- seat of Hamilton County, upon a branch of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 102 miles east southeast of St. Louis and about 48 miles southeast of Centbilia. The people are enterprising and progressive, the city is up-to-date and prosperous, supporting three banks and six churches. Two weekly newspapers are published here. Population (1890), 1,355; (1900), 1,758; (1910), 1,796.

McMULLlK^ James C*, Railway Manager, was bom at Watertown. N. Y., Feb. 13, 1836; began work as Freight and Ticket Agent of the Great Western Railroad (now Wabash), at Decatur, 111., May, 1857, remaining until 1860, when he accepted the position of Freight Agent of the Chicago & Alton at Springfield. Here he remained until Jan. 1, 1863, when he was transferred in a similar capacity to Chicago; in September, 1864, became Superintendent of the Northern Division of the Chicago & Alton, afterwards successively filling the positions of Assistant dteneral Superintendent (1867), General Superintendent (1868-78) and General Manager (1878-83). The latter year he was elected Vice- President, remaining in office some ten years, when ill-health compelled his retirement Died, in Chicago. Dec. 80, 1896.

McMURTRT^ William^ Lieutenant-Governor, was bom in Mercer County. Ky., Feb. 20, 1801; removed from Kentucky to Oawford County, Ind., and, in 1829, came to Knox County, 111., settling in Henderson Township. He was elected Representative in the Tenth General Assembly (1836), and to the Senate in 1842, serving in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies. In 1848 he was elected Lieutenant-(]k>vemor on the same ticket with Qot. A. C. French, being the first to hold the office under the Constitution adopted that year. In 1862 he assisted in raising the One Hundred and Second Regiment Illinois Volunteers, and, although advanced in years, was elected Colonel, but a few weeks later was compelled to accept a discharge on account of failing health. Died, April 10, 1875.

McNEELET; Thompson W., lawyer and ex-Congressman, was born in Jacksonville, IlL, Oct. 5, 1835, and graduated at Lombard University, Galesburg, at the age of 21. The following year he was licensed to practice, but continued to pursue his professional studies, attending the Law University at Louisville, Ky., from which institution he graduated in 1859. He was a member of the Constitutional Ck>nvention of 1862, and chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee in 1878. From 1869 to 1873 he represented his District in Ck)ngress, resuming his practice at Petersburg, Menajrd County, after his retirement.

McNULTAy John, soldier and ex-Congressman, was born in New York City, Nov. 9, 1837, received an academic education, was admitted to the bar, and settled at Bloomington, in this State, while yet a young man. On May 8, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Union army, and served xmtil August 9, 1865, rising, successively, to the rank of Captain, Lieutenant-Ck^lonel, Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General. From 1869 to 1873 he was a member of the lower house of the General Assembly from McLean County, and, in 1872, was elected to the Forty-third Ck>ngres8, as a Republican. General McNulta has been prominent in the councils of the Republican party, standing second on the ballot for a candidate for Governor, in the State Convention of 1888, and serving as Permanent President of the State Convention of 1890. In 1896 he was one of the most earnest advocates of the nomination of Mr. McKinley for President. Some of his most important work, within the past few years, has been performed in connection with receiverships of certain railway und other corporations, especially that of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, from 1884 to 1890. He is now (1898) Receiver of the National Bank of Illinois, Chicago. Died Feb. 22, 1900.

McPHERSON; Simeon J., clergyman, descended from the Clan McPherson of Scotland, was bom at Mumford, Monroe County, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1850 ; prepared for college at Leroy and Fulton, and graduated at Princeton, N. J., in 1874 Then, after a year's service as teacher of mathematics at his Alma Mater, he entered the Theological

Seminary there, and graduated from that department in 1879, having in the meantime traveled through Europe, Egypt and Palestine. He was licensed to preach by the Rochester Presbytery in 1877, and spent three years (1879-82) in pastoral labor at East Orange, N. J. ; when he ac> cepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church of Chicago, remaining until the early part of 1899, when he tendered his resignation to accept the position of Director of the Lawrenceville Preparatory Academy of Princeton College, N. J.

McROBERTS, Joslah, jurist, was bom in Monroe Coimty, HL, June 12, 1820; graduated from St. Mary*s College (Mo.) in 1889; studied law at Danville, HL, with his brother Samuel, and, in* 1842, entered the law department of Transylvania University, graduating in 1844, after which he at once began practice. In 1846 he was elected to the State Senate for the Champaign and Vermilion District, at the expiration of his term removing to Joliet. In 1852 he was appointed by Governor Matteson Trustee of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, which office he held for four years. In 1866 he was appointed Circuit Court Judge by Governor Oglesby, to fill a vacancy, and was re-elected in 1867, '78, '79, and '85, but died a few months after his last election.

McROBERTS, Samuel, United States Senator, was bom in Monroe County, 111., Feb. 20, 1799; graduated from Transylvania University in 1819; in 1821, was elected the first Circuit Clerk of his native county, and, in 1825, appointed Circuit Judge, which office he held for three years. In 1828 he was elected State Senator, representing the district comprising Monroe, Clinton and Washington Counties. Later he was appointed United States District Attorney by President Jackson, but soon resigned to become Receiver of Public Moneys at Danville, by appointment of President Van Buren, and, in 1889, Solicitor of the General Land Office at Washington. Resigning the latter office in the fall of 1841, at the next session of the Illinois Legislature he was elected United States Senator to succeed John M. Robinson, deceased. Died, at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 22, 1848, being succeeded by James Semple.

MeYICORy Jani«8 Hubert^ actor and theatrical manager, was bom in New York City, Feb. 14, 1822; thrown upon his own resources by the death of his father in infancy and the necessity of assisting to support his widowed mother, he early engaged in various occupations, until, at the age of 15, he became an apprentice in the office of **The St. Louis Republican," three years later becoming a journeyman printer. He first appeared on the stage in the St. Charles Theater. New Orleans, in 1848; two years later was principal comedian in Rice's Theater, Chicago, remaining until 1852, when he made a tour of the country, appearing in Yankee characters. About 1855 he made a tour of England and, on his return, commenced building his first Chicago theater, which was opened, Nov. 8, 1857, and was conducted with varied fortune until burned down in the great fire of 1871. Rebuilt and remodeled from time to time, it burned down a second time in August, 1890, the losses from these several fires having imposed upon Mr. McVicker a heavy burden. Although an excellent comedian, Mr. McVicker did not appear on the stage after 1882, from that date giving his attention entirely to management. He enjoyed in an eminent degree the respect and confidence, not only of the profession, but of the general public. Died in Chicago, March 7, 1896.

McWILLIAMS, David, banker, Dwight, m.» was bom in Belmont County, Ohio, Jan. 14, 1884; was brought to Illinois in infancy and grew up on a farm until 14 years of age, when he entered the office of the Pittsfield (Pike County) **Free Press" as an apprentice. In 1849 he engaged in the lumber trade with his father, the management of which devolved upon him a few years later. In the early 50's he was, for a time, a student in Illinois College at Jacksonville, but did not graduate; in 1855 removed to Dwight, Livingston County, then a new town on the line of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, which had been completed to that point a few months previous. Here he erected the first store building in the town, and put in a $2,000 stock of goods on borrowed capital, remaining in the mercantile business for eighteen years, and retaining an interest in the establishment seven years longer. In the meantime, while engaged in merchandising, he began a banking business, which was enlarged on his retirement from the former, receiving his entire attention. The profits derived from his banking business were invested in farm lands until he became one of the largest land-owners in Livingston County. Mr. McWilliams was one of the original members of the first Methodist Episcopal Church organized at Dwight, and served as a lay delegate to several General Conferences of that denomination, as well as a delegate to the Ecumenical Council in London in 1881; was also a liberal contributor to the support of various literary and theological institutions of the church, and had served for many years as a Trus- tee of the Northwestern University at Evanston. In politics he was a zealous Republican, and repeatedly served as a delegate to the State Conventions of that party, including the Bloomington Convention of 1856, and was a candidate for Presidential Elector for the Ninth District on the Blaine ticket in 1884 He made several extended tours in Europe and other foreign countries, the last including a trip to Egypt and the Holy Land, during 1898-99. Died May 17, 1909.

MEDILL, Joseph^ editor and newspaper publisher, was bom, April 6, 1828, in the vicinity (now a part of the city) of St. John, N. B., of Scotch- Irish parentage, but remotely of Huguenot descent. At nine years of age he accompanied his parents to Stark County, Ohio, where he enjoyed such educational advantages as belonged to that region and period. He entered an aoidemy with a view to preparing for college, but his family having suffered from a fire, he was compelled to turn his attention to business; studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1846, and began practice at New Philadelphia, in Tuscarawas County. Here he caught the spirit of journalism by frequent visits to the office of a local paper, leam^sd to set type and to work a hand-press. In 1849 he bought a paper at Coshocton, of which he assumed editorDal charge, employing his brothers as assistants in various capacities. The name of this paper was "The Coshocton Whig," which he soon changed to '*The Republican,'* in which he dealt vigorous blows at political and other abuses, which several times brought upon him assaults from his political opponents - that being the style of political argument in those days. Two years later, having sold out **The Republican,'' he established "The Daily Forest City'' at Cleveland - a Whig paper with free-soil proclivities. The following year **The Forest City" was consolidated with **The Free- Democrat," a Free- Soil paper under the editorship of John C. - Vaughan, a South Carolina Abolitionist, the new paper taking the name of "The Cleveland Leader." Mr. Medill, with the co-operation of Mr. Vaughan, then went to work to secure the consolidation of the elements opposed to slavery in one compact organization. In this he was aided by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in Congress, in December, 1853. and. before its passage in May following, Mr. Medill had begun to agitate the question of a union of all opposed to that measure in a new party under the name "Republican." During the winter of 1854-55 he received a call from Gen. J. D. Webster, at that time part owner of "The Chicago Tribune," which resulted in his visiting Chicago a few months later, and his purchase of an interest in the paper, his connection with the concern dating from June 18, 1855. He was almost immediately joined by Dr. Charles H. Ray, who had been editor of "The Galena Jeffersonian,** and, still later, by J. C. Vaughan and Alfred Cowles. who had been associated with him on "The Cleveland Leader." Mr. Medill assumed the position of managing editor, and, on the retirement of Dr. Ray, in 1863, became editor-in« chief until 1866, when he gave place to Horace White, now of "The New York Evening Post'* During the Civil War period he was a zealous supporter of President Lincoln's emancipation policy, and served, for a time, as President of the "Loyal League," which proved such an influential factor in upholding the hands of the Government during the darkest period of the rebellion. In 1869 Mr. Medill was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, and, in that body, was the leading advocate of the principle of "minority representation" in the election of Representatives, as it was finally incorporated in the Constitution. In 1871 he was appointed by President Grant a member of the first Civil Service Conunission, representing a principle to which he ever remained thoroughly committed. A few weeks after the great fire of the same year, he was elected Mayor of the city of Chicago^ The financial condition of the city at the time, and other questions in issue, involved great difiSculties and responsibilities, which he met in a way to command general approval. During his administration the Chicago Public Library was established, Mr. Medill delivering the address at its opening, Jan. 1, 1873. Near the close of his term as Mayor, he resigned the office and spent the following year in Europe. Almost simultaneously with his return from his European trip, he secured a controlling interest in "The Tribune," resuming control of the paper, Nov. 9, 1874, which, as editor-in-chief, he retained for the remainder of his life of nearlj^^ twenty-five years. The growth of the paper in business and influence, from the beginning of his connection with it, was one of the marvels of journalism, making it easily one of the most successful newspaper ventures in the United States, if not in the world. Early in December, 1898. Mr. Medill went to San Antonio, Texas, hoping to receive relief in that mild climate from a chronic disease which had been troubling him for years, but died in that city, Biarch 16, 1899, within three weeks of having reached his 76th birthday. The conspicuous features of his character were a strong individuality and indomitable perseverance, which led him never to accept defeat. A few weeks previous to his death, facts were developed going to show that, in 1881, he was offered, by President Garfield, the position of Postmaster-General, which was declined, when he was tendered the choice of any position in the Cabinet except two which had been previously promised; also, that he was offered a position in President Harrison's Cabinet, in 1889.

MEDILL, (Mi4.) William H., soldier, was bom at Massillon, Ohio, Nov. 5, 1835; in 1855, came to Chicago and was associated with 'The Prairie Farmer." Subsequently he was editor of "The Stark County (Ohio) Republican," but again returning to Chicago, at the beginning of the war, was employed on "The Tribune," of which his brother (Hon. Joseph Medill) was editor. After a few months' service in Barker's Dragoons (a short- time organization), in September, 1861, he joined the Eighth Illinois Cavalry (Colonel Famsworth's), and, declining an election as Major, was chosen Senior C^aptain. The regiment soon joined the Army of the Potomac. By the promotion of his superior officers Captain Medill was finally advanced to the command, and, during the Peninsular campaign of 1862, led his troops on a reconnoissance within twelve miles of Richmond. At the battle of Gettysburg he had command of a portion of his regiment, acquitting himself with great credit. A few days after, while attacking a party of rebels who were attempting to build a bridge across the Potomac at Williamsburg, he received a fatal wound through the lungs, dying at Frederick City, July 16, 1863.

MEEKER^ MoseS; pioneer, was bom in Newark, N. J., June 17, 1790; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1817. engi^ing in the manufacture of white lead until 1822, when he headed a pioneer expedition to the frontier settlement at Galena, m., to enter upon the business of smelting leadore. He served as Captain of a company in the Black Hawk War, later removing to Iowa County, Wis., where he built the first smelting works in that Territory, served in the Territorial Legislature (1840-48) and in the first Constitutional Convention (1846). A **History of the Early Llad Regions." by. him, appears in the sixth volume of "The Wisconsin Historical Society Collections." Died, at ShuUsburg, Wis., July 7, 1865.

MELROSE^ a suburb of Chicago, 11 miles west of the initiid station of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, upon which it is located. It has two or three churches, some manufacturing establishments and one weekly paper. Population (1900), 2,592; (1910), 4,806.

MEMBREy ZenoblaSy French missionary, was bom in France in 1645; accompanied La ^lle on his expedition to lUinois^in 1679, and remained at Fort Creve-Coeur with Henry de Tonty ; descended the Mississippi with La Salle in 1682; returned to France and wrote a history of the expedition, and, in 1684, accompanied La Salle on his final exi)edition ; is supposed to have landed with La Salle in Texas, and there to have been massacred by the natives in 1687. (See La Salle and Tonty.)

MENARD^ Pierre, French pioneer and first Lieutenant-Governor, was bom at St. Antoine, Can., Oct. 7, 1766; settled at Kaskaskia, in 1790, and engaged in trade. Becoming interested in politics, he was elected to the Territorial Council of Indiana, and later to the Legislative Council of Illinois Territory, being presiding officer of the latter until the admission of Illinois as a State. He was, for several years, Government Agent, and in this capacity negotiated several important treaties with the Indians, of whose characteristics he seemed to have an intuitive perception. He was of a nervous temperament, impulsive and generous. In 1818 he was elected the first Lieutenant-Governor of the new State. His term of office having expired, he retired to private life and the care of his extensive business. He died at Kaskaskia, in June, 1844, leaving what was then considered a large estate. Among his assets, however, were found a large number of promissory notes, which he had endorsed for personal friends, besides many imcollectable accounts from poor people, to whom he had sold goods through pure generosity. Menard County ivas named for him, and a statue in his honor stands in the capitol grounds at Springfield, erected by the son of his old partner - Charles Pierre Chouteau, of St. Louis.

MENARD COUNTY, near the geographical center of the State, and originally a part of Sangamon, but separately organized in 1889, the Provisional Commissioners being Joseph Watkins, William Engle and George W. Simpson. Th^ county was named in honor of Pierre Menard, who settled at Kaskaskia prior to the Territorial organization of Illinois. (See Menard, Pierre,) Cotton was an important crop until 1880, when agriculture underwent a change. Stock-raising is now extensively carried on. Three fine veins of bituminous coal underlie the county. Among early American settlers may be mentioned the Clarys, Matthew Rogers, Amor Batterton, Solomon Pruitt and William Gideon. The names of Meadows, Montgomery, Green, Boyer and Grant are also familiar to early settlers. The county furnished a company of eighty -six volunteers for the Mexican War. The county-seat is at Petersburg. The area of the coflnty is 311 square niiles; and its population, imder census (1910), 12,796. In 1829 was laid out the town of Salem, now extinct, but for some years the home of Abraham Lincoln, who was once its Postmaster, and who marched thence to the Black Hawk War as Captain of a company.

MENDON, a town of Adams County, on the Burlington & Quincy Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, 15 miles northeast/ of Quincy; has a bank and a newspaper; is surroimded by a farming and stock-raising district. Pop. (1890), 640; (1900), 627j (1910), 640.

MENDOTA, a city in La Salle County, founded in 1853, at the junction of the Chicago. Burlington & Quincy with its Roche! le and Fulton branches and the Illinois Central Railway, 80 miles southwest of Chicago. It has eight churches, three graded and two high schools, and a public library. Wartzburg Seminary (Lutheran, opened in 1858) is located here. The chief industrial plants are two iron foundries, machine shops, plow works and a brewery. The city has three banks and foiir weekly newspapers. The surrounding country is agricultural and the city has considerable local trade. Population (1890), 3,642; (1900), 3,736; (1910), 3,806.

MERCER COUNTY, a western county, with an area of 550 square miles and a popiHation (1910) of 19,723 - ^named for Gen. Hugh Mercer. " The Mississippi forms the western boundary, and along this river the earliest American settlements were made. William Dennison, a Pennsylvanian, settled in New Boston Township in 1828, and, before the expiration of a half dozen years, the Vannattas, Keith, Jackson, Wilson, Farlow, Bridges, Perry and Fleharty had arrived. Mercer County was separated from Warren, and specially organized in 1825. The soil is a rich, black loam, admirably adapted to the cultivation of cereals. A good quality of building stone is foimd at various points. Aledo is the countyseat. The county lies on the outskirts of the Illinois coal fields and mining was commenced in 1845.

MERCT HOSPITAL, located in Chicago, and the first permanent hospital in the State - chartered in 1847 or 1848 as the '^Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes.'* No steps were taken toward organization until 1850, when, with a scanty fund scarcely exceeding $150, twelve beds were secured and placed on one floor of a boarding house, whose proprietress was engaged as nurse and stewardess. Drs. N. S. Davis and Daniel Brainard were, respectively, the first physician and surgeon in charge. In 1851 the hospital was given in charge of the Sisters of Mercy, who at once enlarged and improved the accommodations, and, in 1852, changed its name to Mercy Hospital. Three or four years later, a removal was made to a building previously occupied as an orphan asylum. Being the only public hospital in the city, its wards were constantly overcrowded, and, in 1869, a more capacious and better arranged building was erected. This edifice it has continued to occupy, although many additions and improvements have been, and are still being, made. The Sisters of Mercy own the grounds and buildings, and manage the nursing and all the domestic and financial affairs of the institution. The present medical staff (1896) consists of thirteen physicians and surgeons, besides three internes, or resident practitioners.

MEREDOSIA^a town in Morgan Coxmty, on the east 'bank of the Ilh'nois River and on the Wabash Railway, some 58 miles west of Springfield; is a grain shipping point and fishing and hunting resort. It was the first Illinois River point to be connected with the State capital by railroad in 1838. Pop. (1900), 700; (1910), 951.

MERRIAM, (Col.) Jonathan, soldier, Iegisl» tor and farmer, was bom in Vermont, Nov. 1, 1834; was brought to Springfield, HI, when two years old, living afterwards at Alton, his parents finally locating, in 1841, in Tazewell County, where he now resides - when not oflScially employed - -pursuing the occupation of a farmer. He was educated at Wesleyan University, Bloomington, and at McKendree College; entered the Union army in 1862, being commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, and serving to the close of the war. During the Civil War period he was one of the founders of the '*Union League of America," which proved so influential a factof in sustaining the war policy of the Grovemment. He was also a member of the State O>nstitutiona] Convention of 1869-70; an imsuccessful Republican nominee for Congress in 1870; served as Collector of Internal Revenue for the Springfield

District from 1878 to '83, was a Representative in the Thirty -ninth and Fortieth General Assemblies, and, in 1897, was appointed, by President McKinley, Pension Agent for the State of Illinois, with headquarters in Chicago. Thoroughly patriotic and of incorruptible integrity, he has won the respect and confidence of all in every public position he has Jbeen called to fill

MERRILL, Stephen Mason, Methodist Episcopal Bishop, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, Sept. 16, 1825, entered the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Chiirch, in 1864, as a traveling preacher, and, four years later, became editor of **The Western Christian Advocate," at Cincinnati. He was ordained Bishop at Brooklyn in 1872, and, after two years spent in Minnesota, removed to Chicago, where he still resides. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Ohio Wesleyan University, in 1868, and that of LL.D. by the Northwestern University, in 1886. He has published * 'Christian Baptism" (Cincinnati, 1876); "New Testament Idea of Hell" (1878); "Second Coming of Christ" (1879) ; "Aspects of Christian Experience" (1882) ; "Digest of Methodist Law" (1885); and "Outlines of Thought on Probation" (1886). Died Nov. 12, 1905.

MERRITTy John W., journalist, was born in New York City, July 4, 1806; studied law and practiced, for a time, with the celebrated James T. Brady as a partner. In 1841 he removed to St. Clair Coimty, HI., purchased and, from 1848 to '51, conducted "The Belleville Advocate"; later, removed to Salem, IlL, where he established "The Salem Advocate" ; served as Assistant Secretary of the State Constitutional Convention of 1862, and as Representative in the Twenty-third General Assembly. In 1864 he purchased "The State Register" at Springfield, and was its editor for several years. Died, Nov. 16, 1878. - Thomas £. (Merritt), son of the preceding, lawyer and politician, was bom in New York City, April 29, 1834; at six years of age was brought by his father to Illinois, where he attended the common schools and later learned the trade of carriagepainting. Subsequently he read law, and was admitted to the bar, at Springfield, in 1862. In 1868 he was elected, as a Democrat, to the lower house of the Oeneral Assembly from the Salem District, and was re-elected to the same body in 1870, '74, '76, '86 and '88. He also served two terms in the Senate (1878-'86), making an almost continuous service in the General Assembly of eighteen years. He has repleatedly been a member of State conventions of his party, and stands as one of its trusted representatives. - MiJ«-Oen.