Chicago City (part 17 of 57)

with the war, it did not prosper financially in competition with so vigorous and aggressive a rival as the Times proved itself to be. In January, 1865, Senator Alonzo W. Mack, of Kankakee, acting in the interest of a syndicate of politicians and capitalists who had been dissatisfied with the course of the Tribune, including friends of Ex-Gov. Yates (who had just been elected to the United States Senate), secured the passage through the legislature of an act granting a special charter for the organization of a company to publish a paper in the city of Chicago, to be called the Chicago Republican. The incorporators named in the act were IraY. Munn, John V. Farwell, J. K. C. Forrest and J. Y. Scammon, of Chicago; Jesse K. Dubois and Jacob Bunn, of Springfield; John Wood, of Quincy; J. Wilson Shaffer, of Freeport; A. C. Babcock, of Canton; A. W. Mack, of Kankakee, and Francis A. Hoffman and Henry Childs of DuPage county. The authorized capital stock was $500,000. Other persons besides those named, especially about Springfield, made investments in the proposed paper, a fact which indicates the ambitious character of the enterprise. In April or May following, the projectors of the new paper purchased of Mr. Sheahan the plant and good will of the Chicago Post, the object being to secure an Associated Press franchise, without which no paper could be expected to make headway. Mr. Charles A. Dana, now of the New York Sun, who had been asso - ciatedwith Horace Greeleyonthe New York Tribune, and was then Assistant Secretary of War under Mr. Stanton, was employed as editor-in-chief at the munificent salary of $10,000 j year, and on the 30th day of May, 1865, the first issue of the Chicago Republican was given to the public. No paper ever established in Chicago had started out with a more cordial demand for its existence, with stronger backing or more flattering promises of success; yet the result was not what its over-sanguine projectors had anticipated. Differences arose between the editorial and business departments; a meeting of the stock- holders was held May 22, 1866, which was followed promptly by the removal of the names of Mr. Dana and Senator Mack from the head of the paper as editorand publisher, respectively. Dana returned to New York at the close of his first year, the interests of the smaller stockholders were absorbed by the larger ones, and before many months had elapsed, the concern was practically in the hands of Messrs. Bunn and Dubois, of Springfield. A syndicate composed of V. B. Denslow, Henry M. Smith, James F. Ballantyne and Geo. D. Williston,/all experienced journalists who had^J>een employed upon the Tribune, agswmed the management of the paper ;tnfaer a contract for the purchase of a portion of the stock, issuing their first number Augusts, 1866. Denslow was editor, Smith associate, Ballantyne commercial editor and Williston business manager. At the close of the first year Denslow withdrew, and Ballantyne became editor. Compelled to retire on account of ill health, he was succeeded by Smith, but finally the interests of the syndicate having reverted to the original Springfield stockholders, Mr. John G. Nicolay, who had been President Lincoln's private secretary and had recently retired from the position of Consul- General at Paris, was placed in editorial charge. In the meantime, Mr. Bunn, having become sole owner, in the fall of 1870, sold the establishment to a company consisting of Joseph B. McCullagh, the present editor of the St. Louis Globe Democrat; John R. Walsh, then proprietor of the Western News Company, now president of the Chicago National Bank; Homer N. Hibbard and Wm. H. Schuyler. One of the first steps of the new proprietors was to reduce the size and price of the paper - the latter being placed at three cents. Under such management the paper seemed destined at last to enter upon a career of prosperity, but the fire of October, 1871, swept away all its tangible assets and its insurance proving worthless, its ruin seemed now complete. The remnant, which consisted of the "good will" and whatever could be gathered together of the subscrip tion list, was soon after purchased by J. Y. Scammon. Among those who were associated with the Republican between 1865 and 1870 were J. W. Sheahan, J. K. C. Forrest, Isaac England, later of the New York Sun; I. N. Higgins, afterward of the San Francisco Call; Charles D. Bragdon, subsequently editor of Moore's Rural Neiv Yorker; S. J. Medill, afterwards managing editor of the Chicago Tribune; John M. Farquhar, late congressman from the Buffalo, N. Y., District; Paul Selby, and others. Mr. Scammon, who had been one of the members of the company which founded the Evening Journal in 1844, as well as connected with the preliminary steps for the establishment of the Republican in 1865, had cherished a favorite scheme for the establishment of a strong organ of stalwart Republicanism, but being unable to set it on foot at once, the publication of the Republican was continued to keep alive its franchise. March 25, 1872, the first number of the new paper appeared and the Chicago Inter Ocean was launched under the editorship of E. W. Halford, previously as well as since of the Indianapolis Journal, but later private secretary of President Harrison. Col. Gilbert A. Pierce, since territorial governor of Dakota and United States Senator for North Dakota, was added to the editorial force at an early day, and in May, 1872, Wm. Penn Nixon, who had been identified with newspaper enterprises in Ohio, assumed charge of the business department. A year later (in the spring of 1873) The Inter Ocean Company was organized, and Col. Frank W. Palmer, who had been editor of the Des Moines (Iowa) State Register and a member of Congress from that State, became the holder of a considerable interest and editor-in-chief. In the fall of 1875, the paper having become financially embarrassed, a new company was organized for its purchase, Mr. Scammon retiring. Mr. Nixon and his brother, Dr. W. 0. Nixon, now became owners of the controlling stock, the latter assuming the presidency of the new company. Col. Pierce succeeded Palmer as editor-in-chief, but was himself succeeded in 1883 by W. E. Curtis, who had been the Washington correspondent. Curtis gave place, in 1884 to Mr. W. II. Busbey, who remains managing editor. During this year (1884) the publication of a Sunday edition was commenced. The first location of the paper was on Congress street on the present site of the Auditorium building; between 1873 and 1880 it was at 119 Lake street; then at 85 Madison until the latter part of 1890, when it was removed to the new building which it now occupies on the northwest corner of Dearborn and Madison streets. The Inter Ocean Publishing Company has recently been greatly strengthened by the accession of Mr. II. II. Kohlsaat, a wealthy and public spirited capitalist, under whose direction extensive improvements have been made in the publishing department, including the introduction of perfecting presses of the latest and most approved design and other features, making it one of the most complete and best appointed newspaper offices in the city of Chicago. The effect of these improvements has been to give to the paper a new stimulus, and a large increase of its circulation and business. Under its present management, the Inter Ocean has been noted for its careful and conservative treatment of all questions of National, State and local policy, its avoidance of personalities and mere sensationalism, or anything which can offend the taste of its most refined readers, and an intelligent but unswerving adherence to the tenets of the Republican party. The present business organization of the Inter Ocean Publishing Company consist of Dr. W. 0. Nixon, president ; H. H. Kohlsaat, treasurer and superintendent of business department, with W. P. Nixon editor-in-chief. The editorial force includes William H. Busbey, managing editor, with Messrs. Frank Gilbert, John A. Tindall, Ehvyn A. Barren and T. C. MacMillan as general or special editorial writers, and J. H. Ballard, city editor, with a large force of reporters. Dr. Nixon fills the position of literary editor and paragrapher, while Judge A. W. Tourgee, author of "A Fool's Errand," and other popular novels, is a special contributor, furnishing, as a part of his labor, the weekly " Bystander's Notes," printed in the Saturday edition. The circulation of the weekly edition of the Inter Ocean is probably much larger than that of any other weekly political paper printed in Chicago, giving to it a wide influence, while its resources in all departments indicate that it stands at the threshhold of a prosperous future.

Chronologically, the FREIE PRESSE stands next in the list of prominent daily journals Freic °^ Chicago which have maintained Pressc. a continuous existence. It was established in July, 1871, as a literary and political weekly by Richard Michaelis, the author of " Looking Further Forward, "who continues to be its editor and publisher. In 1872, the publication of a daily edition was begun, and the paper unfurled its flag as "Liberal Republican," supporting Horace Greeley for president that year. After Mr. Greeley's defeat it espoused the cause of straight-out Republicanism, and has maintained this position since, though it has not hesitated, when it saw what it conceived to be sufficient reason for doing so, to " bolt" the " regular " nominations. Until recently it was the only Republican German daily in Chicago. Its conservative and business-like management has secured for it a steady increase in circulation, until it claims the largest subscription list for its several editions (of which there are five in all) of all the German dailies west of New York City. Besides its daily morning and evening editions, it issues a readable weekly edition and a Sunday paper for city readers, under the title of DaJieim. It maintains a large force of editors and reporters. The location of the Freie Presse is at 90 to 94 Fifth avenue, adjoining the Times office, and in the heart of one of the two great newspaper centers of Chicago.

Daily NCWS ample being the Chicago DAILY NEWS, which was established as a one-cent afternoon paper, December 2G, 1875, by Melville E. Stone, (now vice-president of the Globe National Bank and General Manager of the Western Associated Press), Percy R. Meggy and Win. E. Dougherty, based on a combined capital of about $5,000. Within a few months Dougherty retired and Meggy followed his example beforejtke^ close of the year, leaving Mr. Stone-Sole proprietor. In July or Augiis>j^l876, Mr. Stone sold an interest to, Victor. F. Lawson, who became business manager, while Stone retained the editorship. From the first, the location of the paper was at 123 Fifth avenue, where its business office still remains, though the growth of its business has compelled it to occupy a vastly increased amount of space. There has been a similar increase in its machinery from a double Hoe cylinder with a capacity of 3,000 impressions per hour, to the fastest printing machines now in use. In August, 1878, the Jfews absorbed (by purchase) the Evening Post, as the latter had absorbed the Evening Mail, some three years before.

The establishment of the POST followed closely upon the discontinuance of the morn- The Evening ing paper of that name, as related in connection with the his- ' tory of the Republican. The first issue bears date September 4, 1865, with William Pigott, who had been one of the early proprietors of the Morning Post, and Stanley G. Fowler, as publishers. The first place of publication was a basement on Randolph street. A few months later, the paper was purchased by David Blakely, who had been engaged in journalis'm in Minnesota, and had also been secretary of State, and exofficio superintendent of public schools in that State. His brother, C. H. Blakely, became associated with him in the business department, and the paper was removed to 151

Dearborn street. den. Hasbrouck Davis had an interest and acted as its editor for a short time. In the latter part of 1867, a company was organized, and Dr. Charles II. Ray, who had been a leading writer on the Tribune, assumed the editorship. About the same time, or soon after, Wm. H. Schuyler purchased the interest of C. H. Blakely, and became business manager. Some time during 1809, the office was removed to 104-106 Madison street, and Schuyler sold out to the McMullen Brothers, J. B. McMullen succeeding to the management. Politically, the paper was Republican, and Dr. Ray's connection with it gave vigor to its editorial utterances and won the confidence of the party. It sustained an irreparable loss in his death, which occurred in September, 1870.

Following this came the great calamity of the fire of October, 1871. The paper was promptly resuscitated, and a temporary building having been erected on Dearborn Park, which was well supplied with material, it was, for some months, one of the most prosperous papers in Chicago. Blakely finally purchased the interest of the McMullens at a valuation of $150,000 for the whole paper, and continued its management after its consolidation with the Mail, as hereafter related. Previous to this step, however, the publication office had been removed to 84-86 Dearborn street.

The EyENiNGMAiL (No. 1), which afterwards became a part of the Evening Post, The Evening was established August 18, Mail- 1870, by S. S. Schorl, C. B.

Langley and H. R. llobart, the latter, who had been a reporter on the Tribune, being editor. . It was at first a six-column folio, and was the first two-cent daily in the West to maintain its existence for a considerable period. Its first location was at No. 86 Dearborn street, in an upper story. As it did not possess an Associated Press franchise, it was dependent on specials for its telegraphic news, but the demand for news of the Franco-German war, then in progress, gave an impulse to its circulation. As time advanced a joint-stock company was organized with a capital stock of $50,000, a number of prominent capitalists and politicians taking stock. E. H. Talbott, who had been publisher of the Belvidere Northwestern, became a stockholder and business manager. For a time after the fire, it occupied temporary quarters on Market street near Madison, but later was removed to Canal street, on the West side. On February 11, 1873, Major Woodbury M. Taylor, having resigned the office of Clerk of the Supreme Court for the Northern Division, contracted for a large interest in the Mail, including that held by Mr. Hobart, and was entrusted by the stockholders with the general direction of the editorial and business departments. In May following, the office was removed to 123 Fifth avenue, since occupied by the Daily News. December 19th, of the same year, he became the purchaser of stock in the Evening Post (held chiefly by Chicago banks) amounting to $111,500, and in conjunction with other stockholders of the Mail, was appointed upon a committee (or board of trustees) to effect a consolidation of the two papers. This was accomplished, and about January 1, 1874, the first issue of the paper, under the name of the Post and Mail, was published. Major Taylor was elected president of the consolidated company, also retaining the position of general manager, which he had occupied while connected with the Mail. In December, 1877, he retired. In the meantime the McMullen Brothers, who had previously been connected with the Post, were endeavoring to secure a controlling interest, and published the paper for a few months in the latter part of 1877. Subsequently Oliver A. Willard, who had been connected with the Mail and its successor, attempted to reorganize the company on a basis of $100,000 capital, but after procuring subscriptions of stocks to nearly half the amount required, his efforts were brought to a termination by his sudden death in March, 1878. After this event, his widow and his sister, Miss Frances E. Willard, continued the publication for a few months, but it finally passed into the hands of the Daily News, as already stated, in August, 1878. for a consideration of $16,000.

The acquisition by the News, in this manner, of an Associated Press franchise, gave to the paper a new impulse, and its prosperity has been continued and uninterrupted. Its prestige has been greatly enhanced by its custom, in times of great public excitement, of issuing hourly editions, as was done during the street railroad strike of 1887. On March 21, 1881, it commenced the issue of a two-cent morning edition, for which a press franchise was obtained in 1882. The partnership of Messrs. Stone & Lawson having expired, a joint-stock company was organized, January 1, 1883, with a capital stock of 8150,000, all being held by Messrs. Stone & Lawson. In 1888, Mr. Stone retired, Mr. Lawson becoming sole proprietor. One of his first steps was to reduce the price of the morning edition of the News to one cent after a period of liberal advertising, which had the effect to immensely increase its circulation and advertising patronage. It now has a larger circulation than any other paper outside of New York, the daily issue of its several editions averaging from 215,000 to 225,000 copies, though it has at times reached 260,000. The paper has recently taken possession of commodious quarters for its mechanical departments on Calhoun place, in the rear of its old location on Fifth avenue. A leading feature of the News is the concentration of the largest amount of news possible in the smallest practicable space, requiring a large force of editors and special writers and reporters. Its employes number over 300, of whom some forty are engaged in the collection and preparation of matter for its columns. Among those who have been, or still are, connected with the editorial department, are Melville E. Stone, J. F. Ballantyne, Dr. F. W. Reilly, Eugene Field, Van Bureu Denslow, Willis B. Hawkins, J. K. C. Forrest, Franc B. Wilkie, John Flynn, Slason Thompson,

Harry F. White and Eobert R. Peattie. About December, 1891, Dr. Reilly, having been elected secretary of the Illinois State Board of Health, retired from the editorship of the Morning News, being succeeded in that position by Mr. Charles H. Dennis, an experienced and painstaking journalist.*

The name "Herald," so popular in newspaper nomenclature, has been used several times in connection with Chicago enterprises. The first secj*Mr paper of this name of which we^JHtffT information in Chicago, was e^fcatffished in May, 1858, as an organ oJ^the Buchanan wing of the Democratic party. After the election of 1860, it was merged into the Times (which see). The second was the Chicago Daily Herald, a five-column folio 1-cent evening paper, of which the first number was issued Aug. 16, 1873, by the Herald Company from an office at No. 58 Clark street. The issue of Dec. 23, 1873, shows that the paper previous to this date had been enlarged to six columns, but this number announces the suspension of the paper, and that " the defunct Herald will be succeeded by 'The Sunday Argus' (under the direction of the Argus Publishing Company)" - the first issue to take place Jan. 4. How long the "Argus" was continued we have no means at this time of accurately determining. On March 17, 1879, appeared the first number of the Chicago Morning Herald, a 7-column 2-cent paper issued from No. 183 Washington street, the name of neither editor nor publisher being given. It introduced itself to "the Democrats of Chicago and the Northwest as a zealous champion of their principles and leaders," while deploring the fact that, for the previous decade, "Democrats of this populous and wealthy section have had no representative newspaper whatever:" How long it continued to champion Democratic principles we are unable to state.

* The morning edition of the Xeit'8, at the beginning of the year 1892, took the name of the Chicago Ifews Record. Its business office is at 181 Madison street, though the mechanica! departments of the two papers remain united, erty of the Chicago Daily Telegraph. The latter paper had been established March 21, 1878, by S.F.Norton as an organ of the Greenback-Labor party. After three or four months unsuccessful effort to float the paper without money, simply as a political venture in the interest of the farmers and laboring men of the country, Wm. T. Collins purchased a large interest, supplied capital for its support, and directed its political course in the interest of the Democratic party. For a time it seemed destined to a prosperous career, but the burden of its current expenses and the payment of debts incurred in itd early management became very heavy, and in the spring of 1881, Mr. Collins relinquished the ownership which passed into the hands of the projectors of the Morning Herald. The subsequent successful career of the latter has demonstrated the accuracy of Mr. Collins' judgment in assuming that there was a legitimate field for an independent Democratic journal among the few successful daily papers of Chicago, and that, under favorable conditions, such a paper would become a valuable property.

On this foundation, the present Chicago MORNING HERALD was established by a number of prominent Republican friends of Gen. John A. Logan, with Col. Frank W. Palmer, then postmaster of the city of Chicago, in the position of editor; Will D. Eaton, an exceedingly bright and popular young journalist, assistant-editor; John F. Ballantyne, city editor, and J. AV. Scott, publisher and business manager. October 16, 1881, the publication of a Sunday edition was commenced, and a year later Palmer retired, being succeeded in the editorship by Ballantyne, with Slason Thompson and David Henderson, assistants. At this point the paper became independent, though still maintaining Republican proclivities. Having been mulcted in heavy damages in a suit for libel, brought by E. J. Lehman, it passed into new hands in August, 1883, Messrs. Palmer, A. M. Jones, and Dan Shepard, disposing of their interest to John R. Walsh, of the Chicago National Bank, who still holds a majority of the stock. The judgment of Mr. Lehman, which was for $35,000, is said to have been compromised for $3,000, to be paid to certain specified charities. Under the new regime Martin J. Russell became editor, with Horatio W. Seymour assistant, William A. Taylor city editor and Margaret B. Sullivan literary editor, and the paper became Democratic. Mr. Russell retired two or three years later, and has been succeeded by Mr. Seymour. Although a franchise in the National Press Association was acquired by the purchase of the Telegraph, at the outset, the Herald labored under a serious disadvantage in competing with papers receiving their telegraphic news through so complete an organization us the Western Associated Press. This disparity has since been removed by the reorganization and improvement, chiefly under the auspices of the Herald, of the United Press Association, which now renders an excellent service. One of the prominent features of the Herald, which it has maintained from the start, has been the neatness and beauty of its typography and the excellent quality of the paper used. In this it is unsurpassed by any paper in the country, if it has an equal. Its arrangements for the collection of news are also most complete, and its increase in circulation has been almost phenomenal. While there have been changes in the stockholders, the management has been unchanged since the establishment of the paper in 1881. The present stockholders are J. R. Walsh, James W. Scott and A. F. Hatch, who constituted the Board of directors. Mr. Scott has general supervision of the editorial and business departments. The editorial stuff (1892) included II. W. Seymour, managing editor; F. G. Rae, night editor, and Charles E. Chapin, city editor. Mr. William R. Taylor, for some years past, a member of the editorial force, retired in November, 1891, to accept the position of secretary of the Cook County Board of Election Commissioners. The location of the Herald from its establishment to the fall of 1891, was at Nos. 120-122 Fifth avenue, when it was removed into a splendid new building of its own at 152-158 Washington street, furnished with every appointment needed to make it one of the most complete and elegant newspaper establishments in the country. Its counting-room, editorial rooms, composing-room and machinery departments are not surpassed, if equaled, in elegance and convenience by any similar establishment on the American continent.

The Chicago whicl1 beSan Publication as Evening Mail a six-column sheet of four pages, March 25, 1882, announcing itself as "strictly non-partisan and devoted to the interests of the people of Chicago." The publishers of this sheet were F. 0. Bennett and John J. Curran,but it seems to have maintained but a brief existence, as it soon passed into the hands of Messrs. Stevens & Dillingham, by whom its name was changed to Evening Mail. [Another paper of the same name was established in August, 1870, and subsequently consolidated with the Evening Post under the title of Post and Mail, afterwards merged into the Evening News - which see.] In 1885, Messrs. Hatton, Snowden & Co. became proprietors of the Evening Mail, and changed its title to Chicago Mail. They also changed its politics from Democratic to Republican. Two years later (1887) it was purchased by the Chicago Mail Company, James J. West being the principal stockholder, when it was moved into The Times building. The paper finally became the property of The Times Company, this arrangement continuing until the sale of the Times to Carter II. Harrison, November 1, 1891, when J. R. Dunlop, who had been the editor and a stockholder in the Times, became principal pro- prietor of the Mail and assumed the editorship of the latter. In September, 1892, Mr. Dunlop retired from the Mail, the stock falling into the hands of Frank S Weigley, an attorney, under whose auspices it has since been conducted with Charles I). Almy in the position of manager and editor. Since its connection with the Times was severed its location has been at 120 Fifth avenue.

The Chicago DAILY GLOBE is a morning two-cent folio, founded in 1887J>y-^A. L. Pat£ers3n7 formerly of ie Chicago Times, and transferred , to The Globe Company in 1890. A Sunday edition is also published. About the middle of the year 1893, the paper was driven by stress of financial difficulties into the hands of a receiver, Harry Wilkinson, who had been the editor, assuming charge in this capacity. Some months later M. C. McDonald, who had already purchased the interest of some of the leading stockholders, bought in the establishment at public sale, and has since placed Alexander Turney in charge of the business department and Wm. D. St. Clair of the advertising, Mr. Wilkinson retaining the position of editor. Its location is at No. 118 Fifth avenue.

The ABENDPOST is one of the youngest of the German papers of Chicago, established as a one-cent daily September 2, 1889, by Fritz Glogauer and William Kauffmann - the former being editor and manager. December 29, 1890, it was transferred to the Abendpost Company, who are now (1892) the publishers, with Mr. Glogauer as president and treasurer, and Julius Goldzier, secretary. Its first location was at No. 92 Fifth avenue, but it was. afterwards removed to No. 187 Washington street, in the Times building. It is represented to have been a success from the start, and claimed a circulation at the beginning of 1891 of 30,000. Jt is Independent in politics.

The Chicago EVENING POST, though one of the youngest, already ranks as one of the The Chica o most success! ul of Chicago daily Evening Post, newspapers. Its first issue appeared April 29, 1890, and it sprang almost immediately into a wide circulation. Though occupying different quarters, the Post and the Herald are owned by the same proprietors, viz.: John E. Walsh, James W. Scott and A. F. Hatch, stockholders, with Mr. Scott as president and treasurer of the company. Cornelius McAuliff fills the chair of managing editor, with John A. Wright in the position of City Editor and Samuel T. Clover as business manager. The Post is Independent in politics, and a model in mechanical execution, while careful editing and enterprise in the collection of news, have won for it a deserved popularity. Like its mate, the Herald, it has recently taken quarters in anew building, especially erected for its use, at 104-166 Washington street.

zcitung. two-cent eight-page daily issue was commenced. Politically it is thoroughly Republican, giving a zealous support to the principle of protection of American industries. It is published by the German Republican Publishing Company, with Joseph Brucke, president and editor-in-chief; Paul Hsedicke, managing editor and Emil Karpowsky, city editor. A prominent feature of the National Zeitunrj is the publication of carefully selected articles from German and American periodicals. Its present location is at 103 Randolph street.

The Chicago TAGEBLATT (German), a seven column, one-cent folio, evening paper, commenced publication July 13, 1891. The Chicago Tageblatt Publishing Company are the publishers, at No. 83 Fifth avenue. The principal officers are Dr. George Leininger, president ; Charles A. Puschek, vice-president; H. C. Znttermejster, treasurer, anri

Albert W. Reifuss, secretary, with Louis Wagner, editor. In addition to the daily, semi-weekly and Sunday editions are published. The paper is Independent politically. The Chicago DAILY PRESS was the title of a one-cent evening paper, with a Sunday The Chicago morning edition attached, which Daily Pre^s. wftg conimence{j November 1)

1891, by an association of which Robert Lindblom was president and Max Polachek vice-president and general manager. Mr. Charles Barry was editor-in-chief, with Stanley Waterloo managing editor and H. 0. Heinemann city editor. The paper was the revival of the title of a six-column, one-cent paper established in March, 1882, afterwards merged into the Evening Mail (which see). While its publication was continued, it was regarded as the representative of the " Personal Rights League," of which Mr. Lindblom was the president. The Personal Rights Advocate was its weekly edition. The publication of the Press was discontinued early in February, 1892.

Mr. J. R. Dunlop having withdrawn from the Mail in September, 1892, on the 19th of October following, issued the initial number of the Evening Dispatch, which in the course of a year has attained the rank of one of the most successful evening papers of the city. In this it has been greatly aided by the World's Fair, as well as by the policy of employing experienced newspaper men, and the vigor and enterprise shown in the management.

The Arbeiter Zeitung, published by the Socialist Publication Society, organ of the Chicago Socialists (or Anarchists) of which August Spies, executed for participation in the " Haymarket massacre/' was editor at the time of his arrest - with a Sunday edition called Die Frackel ("the Torch"): the Daglladet (German-Ind.), published at 3G9 Milwaukee avenue ; Goodall's Daily Sun, published at the Union Stock Yards, and devoted to reports of live stock sales, and other matters of interest to live stock dealers, Harvey Goodall, publisher and proprietor ; Drover's Journal, devoted to the same interest ; Listy, a Democratic paper printed in the Bohemian language, founded in 1883, publication office, 362 West Eighteenth street; the National Hotel Reporter, F. W. Rice, editor and proprietor, founded in 1871, devoted to hotel inteiests and news the Skandinaven (Norwegian) ; Republican in politics, office at No. 183-187 North Peoria street, and two or three others.

The RELIGIONS PRESS of Chicago has kept pace in growth and influence with the The Religious secular press. While it has had Press. gome failures, yet owing no

The Baptists have the credit of having established the first religious paper ever published in the city. This was the NORTHWESTERN BAPTIST, a semi-monthly, printed at the office of the Western Citizen (Zebina Eastman's paper), with Thomas Power as editor. The initial number bore date September 15, 1842, and its last, September 15, 1844, when it appears to have been removed elsewhere.

This was followed a few months later by the BETTER COVENANT, a weekly in the interest of the Universalist denomination, established January G, 1842, by Rev. Seth Barnes and William Rounseville, and issued for a few months simultaneously from Rockford and St. Charles, 111. February 2, 1843, Mr. Barnes became sole proprietor and editor, and after continuing the publication for a few weeks at Rockford, it was removed to Chicago, and April 6, 1843, began to be issued from an office at the corner of Water and Wells streets, with Charles Stedman printer. A few weeks later (May 18), its location was on Randolph street, and August 24 of the same year, A. P. Spence was printer. March 7, 1844, Mr. Rounseville resumed his connection with the paper as assistant editor, and September 5th, follow- ing, became editor and proprietor, Mr. Barnes retiring. November 21, 1844, Cyrus B. Ingliam became associated with Rounseville in the publication, and June 5,1845, was sole proprietor, with office at 99 Lake street. In the fall of 1847, the paper was sold to John A. Gurley, of the Star of the West, at Cincinnati, and consolidated with the latter paper. Rev. W. E. Mauley, George W. Lawrence, F. G. Briggs and D. P. Bailey were associated with the paper in an editorial capacity at different periods duripg'the last years of its publication inCWCago.

The NEW CovENAjffsoon after appeared as the successor of the Better Covenant, its first issue being in January, 1848, with Rev. W. E. Manley and J. M. Day editors and publishers. In about a year, Manley sold out to Rev. S. P. Skinner, who sold to I. B. -Mason in 1855. In 1858 it passed into the hands of Rev. D. P. Livermore, who (assisted by his wife, the well-known lecturer) continued its publication until May, 1869, when Revs. J. W. Hanson and Selden Gilbert became proprietors. In September, 1S69, the Northwest Publishing House assumed control, Dr. Hanson continuing in the capacity of editor and business manager until 1874, wheu Rev. W. A. Start took the latter position. A year later Mr. Hanson assumed entire control. In the fall of 1880, the paper was consolidated with the Star of the West, published in Cincinnati, and the name was changed to the Star am/ Covenant. The publication was continued in Chicago until December, 1883, when it was sold to the Universalist Publishing House of Boston, its size enlarged and name changed to the Universalist. In May, 1884, Rev. J. S. Cantwell, D. D., assumed the editorship, which he still retains. The present location of the paper is at No. 69 Dearborn street.

The WESTERN HERALD followed the preceding chronologically, its first number being issued April 1, 1846, by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Worrall - the former as editor and the latter printer. While it sustained the principles of the Society of Friends, it was supported largely by contributions receiv.ed from the Second Presbyterian Church, of which Dr. R. W. Patterson was the pastor, and its columns were used in support of the doctrines of the New School Presbyterian and Congregational Churches. For some time three sides of the Watchman of the Prairies (the organ of the Baptist Church) were printed in the Herald office and upon its material. In 1847 the Western Herald became the Herald of the Prairies. In 1848, James Shaw was assistant editor. In 1849 it was sold to J. Ambrose Wight and Wm. Bross, who changed the title to the Prairie Herald. About this time Revs. G. S. F. Savage and A. L. Chapin (the latter president of Beloit College), were corresponding editors. In November, 1851, Bross sold out his interest to Wight and in March, 1853, the latter sold the subscription list to J. C. Holbrook,who changed the name to Congregational Herald, issuing his first number April 7, 1853. A number of Congregational ministers, at this time, acted as associate or corresponding editors. Among those who did so were Rev. J. J. Miter, John Lewis, 0. Emerson, Jr., W. Salter, H. D. Kitchell, J Smith Hobart, S. Peet, G. S. F. Savage, Flavel Bascom, J. B. Walker, M. AJewett, N. H. Eggleston, G. W. Perkins, W. A. Nichols, W. W. Patton, J. E. Roy, S. C. Bartlett, Samuel Wolcott and Darius E. Jones. In 1857, Rev. H. L. Hammond assumed the editorship. During the preceding year, a fund of $7,000 to $8,000 (intended to be increased to $10,000) was raised for the benefit of the paper, the profits thereof to go to the support of the proposed theological seminary. The "profits" were nil, however, so that this arrangement failed and the paper was discontinued in 1861.

The WATCHMAN OF THE PRAIRIES was established in 1847, by Rev. Luther Stone, in the interest of the Baptist denominination. Its first issue bore date August 10, and its location was at 171 Lake street. For two years it was printed by Messrs. Walker & Worrall, who were also printers of the Western Herald, afterwards the Herald of the Prairies. Messrs. Wight & Bross, who had purchased the Herald, then became the printers. February 22, 1853, the Watchman was suspended, Mr. Stone making a trip to the East for rest, and with a view to purchasing new material. During his absence, he received a proposition from Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A. D. Titsworth, to purchase the paper, which was accepted, and the first issue of the new paper, under the name of the Christian Times, under the auspices of the Fox River Association, was published August 31, 1853, with Dr. J. C. Burroughs as editor, and H. J. Weston and A. J. Joslyn, assistants. A few months after (November 24, 1853). the paper was sold to Leroy Church and J. A. Smith - the latter taking the position of editor, which he has continued to occupy ever since. The office was then located at No. 7 Clark. A year later (Nov. 8, 1854), Dr. Smith sold his interest to Rev. J. F. Childs, though he continued in the editorship. Soon after the office was removed to 16 La Salle street. August 29, 1855, Mr. Childs disposed of his interest to his partner, Mr. Church, who remained sole proprietor until 1867, when Mr. Edward Goodman, the present senior proprietor, purchased a half interest. The name of the paper was changed to the Standard (which it still retains) about that time. In January, 1875, Mr. Church sold his interest to Dr. «fc S. Dickerson, of Boston, Mass. Dr. D. having died in March, 1870, his heirs have since represented his interests, the firm name continuing Goodman & Dickerson. The Standard has absorbed in its history the Illinois Baptist, of Bloomington, 111.; the Witness, of Indiana, and the Christian Herald, of Detroit, Mich. It is able, progressive and outspoken editorially, and in its business management lias been conservatively and successfully conducted.

Church, commenced publication January 5, 1853, at No. 63 Randolph street, a weekly, with Rev. James V. Watson, editor; Swormstedt & Poe, publishers; Win. M. Doughty, agent and Charles Philbrick, printer. At the outset the paper was a six-column folio. This arrangement continued until October, 1856, when Mr. Watson having died, on November 5 of that year, Rev. Thomas M. Eddy, of the Southeastern Indiana Conference, succeeded to the editorship. November 4, 1857, the office was removed to No. 66 Washington street. Dr. Eddy was reelected to the editorship by the General Conferences of 1860 and 1864, retiring in 1868, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. M. Reid. At the expiration of Dr. Reid's term in 1872, Rev. Arthur Edwards, who had been assistant editor from 1864, was elected editor, and has been re-elected every four years since, now serving his fifth term in that capacity. The paper, under all administrations, has been outspoken on all measures of National and State policy involving questions of public and private morals, as slavery, temperance, etc., and progressive on questions of church polity. The business affairs of the paper were under the management of Dr. Luke Hitchcock for several years prior to 1880; he was succeeded that year by Walden & Stowe. Cranston & Stowe have been in charge of the business management since 1884. Charles M. Stuart has been assistant editor since 1886. The circulation aggregates over 20,000.

The ADVANCE was established in 1867, as the organ of Congregationalism in the West, in place of the Congregational Herald, which had been suspended in 1861. The founders were an association of Chicago gentlemen under the name of the Advance Company, with a capital stock of $50,000. The first number appeared September 5, 1867, with Dr. W. W. Patton, editor, and J. B. Maish, office editor. Its location previous to the fire of 1871 was on the present site of the Montauk block. Having lost all its material by that disaster.

it was printed for a few weeks at Cincinnati, when its publication was resumed in Chicago. Soon after, H. L. Turner became associated with Mr. Marsh as publisher and part owner, finally becoming sole proprietor, although Mr. Marsh remained on the editorial staff until 1875. In November, 1873, Charles H. Howard and Co. became proprietors, when Dr. Patton was succeeded in the editorship by General Howard (a brother of Gen. 0. 0. Howard, of the United States Army.) Rev. Simeon GJibeft, who had been identified with thepaper as associate editor and chief editorial writer ^rom 1871, remained under General Howard's administration. In July, 1882, a new company, of which Rev. Robert West was a prominent member and stockholder, became proprietors, and Mr. West continued to be editor and manager until his death in 1886. The paper then passed into the hands of the present proprietors, Rev. II. S. Harrison being a principal stockholder. Dr. Gilbert, who had been for four years the Western editor of the Congregationalist at Boston, was now recalled to the paper, with Dr. F. A. Noble, pastor of the Union Park Congregational church, in the position of nominal editorin-chief. This arrangement continued for two years, when Dr. Noble retired. Dr. Gilbert, whose connection with the paper has extended over twenty years, continues to be chief editorial writer, Mr. Harrison being editor and general manager.

The INTERIOR, leading representative of the Presbyterian faith in the Northwest, was founded by a stock company in 1870, on a basis of $50,000 capital. Hon. R. B. Mason was president of the company and Rev. Arthur Swazey, pastor of the Third Presbyterian church, was the first editor. The great fire which came the year after its establishment, left it without material and $10,000 in debt. At this time Dr. W. C. Gray took charge and continued the issue of the paper from Cincinnati, until January, 1872, when it was returned to Chicago. In

January, 1873, C. H. McCormick purchased the paper and put $50,000 capital into it. In January, 1883, Dr. Gray secured a half interest, which he still holds, the remaining half interest being in the hands of the heirs of the McCormick estate. The paper is a large eight-page weekly, and is conducted with an ability and journalistic sagacity which makes it a model among the religious papers of Chicago. There is a free and independent swing in its discussion of all questions which greatly enhances its popularity. Of late years it has been very prosperous. Its location is in the McCormick block at the southeast corner of Randolph and Dearborn streets.

In addition to the preceding there is quite a long list of religious weeklies and monthlies of local or limited circulation, representing nearly every religious denomination in every language spoken or read in Chicago. Among the most prominent are : The Christian Oracle, organ of the " Disciples " or Christian denomination ; Christian Worker ( Friend s) \Catholic Home (Catholic); Epworlli Herald (Methodist Episcopal); Free Methodist (denomination indicated by its title); Living Church (Protestant Episcopal); Israelite and Occident (Jewish); Unity (Unitarian - established by Rev. Robert Collyer and his associates), besides a number of others. The Chicago Evangelist was established in 1853 by a number of Presbyterian clergymen, with Rev. Harvey Curtis and Dr. R. W. Patterson in the role of resident editors, as an organ of the Presbyterian church, when the Prairie Herald became distinctively Congregational, but after various changes, it was merged into the New York Evangelist in June, 1855. The Alliance, established in 1874, by a syndicate of liberal gentlemen of various denominations, including the pastors of leading Protestant churches, had temporarily a prosperous career. Being finally abandoned by all except Dr. Swing, it was sustained for some time as the organ of the Independent church movement, but its

Distort Op Chicago

There is a large list of secular weeklies devoted to various branches of business, other trades.literature, society news, etc., weeklies, some of which have a large cirlation and wield an extended influence. The following include some of the more prominent:

The Prairie Farmer, established under the auspices of the State Agricultural Society in January, 1841, under the title of the Union Agriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer. At one time this was probably the most popular and widely circulated agricultural paper in the country, and it still has a large constituency. The Orange Judd Farmer Company are the publishers, of whom Orange Judd, who had been a successful publisher in the East, was the head. Mr. Judd died during the year 1893.

The Saturday Evening Herald, a popular and carefully managed society paper, was founded in October, 1875, by Maj. Geo. M. McConnel, L. B. Glover and John M. Dandy. McConnel withdrew in 1879, has since been literary editor and dramatic critic of the Times, but is now connected with the New York Commercial .Advertiser. Glover retired in 1886, and is now connected with the Chicago conservatory. Mr. Dandy purchased Glover's interest, and has since been the editor and business manager of the Herald. The publication office is in the Grand Opera House building.

The Hemlandet ("Gamla Och Nya Hemlatidet") is the oldest Swedish paper in the city. It was established in Galesburg, 111., in 1853, but removed to Chicago in 1854, with Rev. E. Norelius as editor. It is the organ of the Swedish Lutherans, and is Republican in politics.

The Graphic is a successful illustrated paper, tastefully managed, and displays much enterprise. It increased its circulation in the fall of 1891 by absorbing America, another illustrated paper of considerable circulation. Geo. P. Englehard is editor of the Graphic.

The Citizen is the ablest paper in the West devoted to the Irish Nationalist causeedited by John Finerty, representative in congress 1883-1885. It is independently Republican. Its location is in the McCormick block.

The Economist, published in the Real Estate Board building, at the corner of Randolph and Dearborn streets, Clinton B. Evans, editor, is a leading journal devoted to the interests of finance and real estate transaction*.

The Hailway Age was established in 1876, by Elisha H. Talbott and Horace R. Hobart, both experienced newspaper men - the first occupying the position of business manager and the latter that of editor. This arrangement continued until October, 1891, when the Age having been purchased by Harvey P. Robinson, founder and editor of the Northwestern Railroader, of St. Paul, was consolidated with the latter paper under the name of the Railway Age and Northtvestern Railroader, and its publication continued in Chicago. Mr. Robinson is president and manager of the consolidated enterprise and Hugh Wilson, secretary. The Aye has been the most successful railroad journal in the West, and under its new management its prosperity is likely to continue. Mr. Hobart remains associated with Mr. Robinson in the editorship, Mr. Talbott retiring.

Chicago has undoubtedly had its due proportion of unsuccessful newspaper ventures, Defunct News- and if the grave of every deriodlcais1.1111 " ceased journal were marked by a monument, the path of history for over fifty years would be strewn with gravestones.. Owing to the lack of files, a complete enumeration of them is impossible, yet some record is needed to complete this history.

1833. - The Chicago Democrat, the first Newspaper established in the infant city, Nov. 26, 1833, ceased to exist July 24, 1861, being merged into the Tribune.

18£5. - The Chicago American began as a weekly June 8, 1835, expanded into Chicago's first daily, April 9, 1839, and ended its career Oct. 18, 1840.

1836. - The Chicago Commercial Advertisi began as a weekly October 11, 1836-Xwith Hooper Warren, editor, and Edwa.rd-'H. Eudd printer, office on Dearbofn^street, near South Water. It was a^" Liberty paper/; lived about a year, wlfen its material was re. moved to Lowell/ La Salle county, and used by Benjamin Lundy and Zebina Eastman in the publication of the " Genius of Universal Emancipation " and the " Genius of Liberty." A paper called the Daily Argus was projected this year, but appears never to have been issued.

1840. - The Illinois Weekly Tribune was established April 4, 1840, E. G. Eyan, editor, and Charles A. Holcomb & Co., printers. It existed for about a year when the material was sold to Col. Elisha Starr, of Milwaukee, and was used in establishing the Milwaukee Journal. Eyan was afterwards Chief Justice of Wisconsin, dying in office in 1880.

The Chicago Express took the place of the American, discontinued this year, commencing as a daily and weekly, October 24. It was maintained until April 20, 1844, when it gave place to the Evening Journal, (which see). The Hard Cider Press was published as a Harrison campaign weekly, from the office of the American, by Wm. Stuart, beginning June 6, 1840, and ceasing publication, October 24.

1842. - The Quid-Nunc, a 4-page penny paper (said to have been the first west of the Alleghany mountains), commenced publication as a daily July 5, 1842, with David S. Griswold, editor, David D. Griswold, proprietor, and Ellis, Fergus & Co., printers. It was devoted to literature, fine arts, science, commerce, agriculture - in fact, nearly every topic except religion and politics. Its accomplishments seem to have been in inverse ratio to its aspirations, as it published only thirty-seven numbers, ceasing publication Aug.l6th, with loss to the printers.

The Western Citizen (anti-slavery) was also commenced this year by Zebina Eastman and Asa B. Brown, (Eastman, editor), and continued under the name of the Free West, until 1856, when it was merged into the Chicago Tribune. A daily edition under the name of the Daily Chicago Time* or Times and Citizen, was published for some time. Its first place of publication was No. 143 Lake street ; in 1845 it was removed to 63 Lake, when Eastman and Davidson were proprietors ; in 1849 the firm became East- -man & McClellan ; after 1852 Eastman was sole proprietor. Hooper Warren was associated with this paper for a time.

The Chicago Republican (a weekly organ of the Tyler administration) began December 14, 1842, A. E. Niblo, editor, in the Harrison & Loomis building, corner of Clark and South Water streets. June, 1843, it was sold to Cleveland and Gregory ; the latter retired and Cleveland continued alone. It is supposed to have lived about a year. Niblo subsequently published the Kendall County Press at Oswego, 111., and was killed in a railroad accident at Washington, Ohio, June 22, 1858.

1844. - The Gem of the Prairie was com menced May 20, 1844, by Kiler K. Jones and James S. Beach. This paper finally became the weekly edition of the Chicago

1845. - The Garland of the West was projected this year by Robert N. Garrett and Nelson W. Fuller, who issued one number July 30, but it seems not to have been continued.

The Western Liferarjj Magazine was begun by Rounseville & Co., October, 1845 ; September, 1846, it was sold to J. J. Moon, who issued two numbers when it expired.

The Chicago Daily Neios (anti-slavery) started in the latter part of 1845, as a daily, by Eastman & Davidson, with L.W. Chapel, assistant editor, ceased publication after a brief existence.

The Chicago Volksfreund, the first German paper established in Chicago, began in December, 1845, by Robt. II. Hoeffgen (afterwards of the Staats Zeilung), was discontinued early in 1848.

1847. - The Chicago Commercial Advertifer, established as a weekly, February 3, 1847, by Alfred Dutch; commenced daily and triweekly issues in 1849, and expired in 1853. Dutch, who was an iconoclast and reformer,

1848. - The American Odd Fellow, the first secret society publication, had a short history this year. J.L. Enos and Wm. Rounseville were the publishers.

The Northwestern Journal of Homeopathy (monthly), George E. Shipman, editor and proprietor, began October, 1848, and ceased publication September, 1852.

The Chicago Temperance Battle-Axe was the sanguinary title of a temperance weekly published for a short time this year by Charles J. Sellon and J. J. Driscoll.

1850. - The Democratic Argus, established August, 1850, at No. 71 Lake street, had a short career. B. F. Seaton and W. W. Peck were the founders, but MacDonald & Co. appear to have been the publishers a part of the time.

The Eclectic Journal of Education and Literary Review (monthly) was started in June, 1850, with C. F. Bartlett, editor. April, 1851, Dr. N. S. Davis assumed the editorship. It lived only a short time.

The Commercial Register (weekly) established by J.F. Ballantyne, afterwards commercial editor of the Tribune, had a short existence in 1850.

1852. - The Chicago Literary Budget (monthly) commenced January, 1852, by W. W. Danenhower, became a weekly one year later, with B. F. Taylor, editor. In

1854, T. Herbert Whipple was associate editor and furnished a number of stories which were printed in book form. It is claimed that the first music ever printed from movable types was set up for this paper. In 1855 it became the Weekly Native American, and was continued until November, 3856, as a "Know Nothing" organ .

The Chicago Daily fixprcss and Commercial (a commercial daily) had a short existence from June 11, 1852. The publishers were J. Q. A. Wood and W. J. Patterson.

1853. - Sloan's Garden City, commenced July 23, 1853, as a medium for the publication of advertisements of patent medicines in which the proprietor was interested, was a neat and readable paper. Robert Fergus was the printer in its early history.

Homer's Chicago and Western Guide (monthly), commenced in 1853 by \V. B. Horner, appears to have been a sort of forerunner of the railway guides of the present time. It gave information in reference to steamboat and stage routes in the Northwest, as well as railways.

The Olive Branch oftho West, Rev. J. R. Balmer, pastor of Salem Baptist church, publisher, had a short history this year. JT-he Chicage Homeopath (monthly), started <fanuary, 1833, by Drs. D. S. Smith, S. AV. Graves and R. Ludlam, was published for three years and discontinued.

The Free West, published by Goodman, Warren & Eastman, was established this year as a continuation of the Western Citizen (which see). It was merged into the Tribune in 185G.

The Deutsche Amerikancr, Geo. Schlaeger (afterwards of the Staats Zeitung) editor, was established in 1854, as an opponent of the Kansas-Nebraska bill, but discontinued after a few months.

1855. - The Chicago Pathfinder (weekly), established April 21, 1855, W. B. Horner, editor, Homer & Crone publishers, was a record of railroad and real estate transactions, which existed a short time.

The Chicago Bank Note List (semimonthly), begun July 17,1855, by F. Granger Adams, banker, No. 44 Clark street, was published up to 1858, but the exact time of its discontinuance is unknown.

The Beobachter von Michigan (weekly), by Committi & Becker, in Senator Douglas' political interest, started in 1855, appears to have been continued about a year.

The Native American (daily), started by W. W. Danenhower, Sept. 7, 1855, with Washington Wright editor, as the organ of the Native American party, was continued to the first Wednesday in November, 1856, when it was discontinued. Wright afterwards edited a Native American paper in Springfield, 111., and still later, the Morning Call, at San Francisco, where he died some years ago. Danenhower was father of Lieut. J. W. Danenhower, the Arctic explorer.

DerNationalDernokrat (daily and weekly - German), had its first issue Oct. 15, 1855, J. E. Committi, publisher, and Dr. Ignatius Koch, editor. In 1856, Michael Diversey was publisher and Dr. Koch and Louis Schade, editors. The next year Fritz Becker was publisher. A tri-weekly, English edition was published for a short time. The exact date of its death is unknown.

1850. - TheWestern Crusader (temperance weekly), started October, 1855, became the Northwestern Home Journal in 1856. In 1857, James B. Merwin was editor.

The Western Garland (literary monthly), issued simultaneously at Chicago, Louisville and St. Louis, by Mrs. Harriet C. Lindsey & Son, with R. R. Lindsey, editor, begun in

The Commercial Bulletin and Northivestern Reporter had a brief lease of life in 1850. C.II. Scriven and John J. Gallagher were the publishers.

Round's Printers' Cabinet commenced publication as a monthly, December, 1850. It appeared irregularly as a medium for advertising printers' materials, being the first publication of its character in the Northwest. James J. Langdon was afterwards associated with Rounds in its publication. He went to Quincy about 1859 and became publisher of the Quincy Whig, dying there some twenty years ago. S. P. Rounds, its founder, continued to publish the Cabinet as an annual, until his appointment to the position of public printer in Washington, under President Arthur's administration, when it was discontinued. He afterwards became publisher of the Omaha Republican, and died there a few years since.

The Prairie Leaf (monthly), a literary and advertising periodical, was established by D. B. Cook & Co., booksellers, in 1856, but was probably not continued beyond the destruction of their establishment by fire in 1857.

Other publications beginning in 1856, were : The Western Journal of Music, W. H. Currie, editor, and R. G. Crone, publisher ; the Flower Queen; the Democratic Bugle, by Charles Lieb, and the Western Enterprise, by Porter Little, an agricultural weekly, finally merged into the Prairie Farmer, 1857. The Chicago Daily Union began its issue in 1857, with Louis Schade as editor.

1857 - The Chicago Daily Ledger began a brief existence February 21, 1857, with Seth Paine editor, Barnes, Stewart & Paine, publishers. It was printed at the machine shop of T. W. Gates.

The Chicago Record (a monthly magazine), James Grant Wilson, editor and proprietor, devoted to religion, literature and fine arts, put forth its first number April 1, 1857.

1857, Charles A. Washburne, editor and proprietor, published three months ; the Zeitgeist (German weekly), radical in politics, but short lived; the Northwestern Bank Note and Counterfeit Reporter, Isaac A. Pool, publisher ; the Chicago Examiner (monthly magazine), commencing March, 1857, James Grant Wilson, editor, Carey & Wilson, publishers ; the Commercial Express (weekly) and the Morning Bulletin (daily), by P. L. & J. H. Wells, in cornm cial interests ; the Sunday Leader, JjyS. P. Rounds, Edward Bliss, managing editor, and W. H. Bushnell, sub-editor ; the Trestle Board, by J. J. Clarkson, in the interest of the Masonic order ; the Ashlar, a Masonic paper removed from Detroit this year, by Charles Scott & Co.; the Real Estate News Letter and Insurance Monitor (monthly), by Gallaher & Gilbert, existing only a few months ; the Chicago Musical Revieiv, by Higgins Brothers, music dealers. The bvenska Republikaneren, the organ of the Bishop's Hill Colony of Swedes, originally established at Galva, in 1855, was removed to Chicago this year.

This year also saw the establishment of the Chicago Magazine, an excellent monthly, devoted to literature, biography and western history, of which Zebina Eastman was editor. It was in advance of the times, however, and only reached five numbers.

The records of subsequent years are even more imperfect than the preceding. The following are some of the more prominent enterprises : In 1860, Charles Lieb published a weekly campaign paper in the interest of Lincoln's candidacy for president, called the Pictorial Railsplitter ; the Sanitary Messenger was published during the Sanitary Fair in 1865 ; the Chicago Daily Herald (a 1-cent evening daily) began August 16, 1873, at 58 South Clark street. Its publication was discontinued December 23, 1873, being succeeded by the Sunday Argus. The People's Paper (weekly) in the interest of the " Farmer's Grange," issued its first number July 26, 1873 ; its last appeared August 16, of the same year.

The Chicago Daily Courier began publication January 1, 1874, at No. 77 Jackson street. It started out Independent, became Democratic and shortly after discontinued.

The Daily Telegraph, established March 26, 1878, as a Greenback organ, became Democratic and was absorbed May 10, 188 1 } by the Morning^ Herald (which see).

The Suud'dy Telefone commenced business May-#rT880, with Alice May Quinn editor, and Daisy E. Quinn associate, devoted to the Catholic church and Irish nationality. It probably lived but a short time.

The Tablet appeared May 8, 1880, Chas. J. Beattieand Wm. Hoyne, editors, proclaiming itself the champion of greenbackism and successor to Brick Porneroy's Democrat.

The Chicago Evening Press began as a one-cent paper March 25, 1882, announcing itself as " strictly non-partisan, devoted to the interests of the people of Chicago." Its services do not seem to have been appreciated, as it lived but a few weeks.

The Evening Telegram was started October 15, 1882, a sa one-cent paper, and appeared to prosper for a time, but finally succumbed to the fate of unsuccessful newspaper ventures.

America (an illustrated weekly) was established early in 1888 by Hobart C. Taylor, proclaiming itself "a journal for Americans." It employed good writers, as shown in the fact that the first number contained contributions from James Russell Lowell, Charles Dudley Warner, Julian Hawthorne and a number of other writers of national reputation. It devoted considerable attention to clever cartoons. Slason Thompson & Co. subsequently became the publishers, with Mr. Thompson, a popular and experienced Chicago journalist, as editor. In October, 1888, America absorbed the Current, an ambitious literary weekly which had been established in 1883 by Edgar L. Wakeman, but which had proved a failure financially. A similar fate overtook America, which was, in turn, absorbed by the Graphic, issuing its last number bearing date September 24, 1891.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. - John Calhoun, who had the distinction of establishing the first paper ever printed in Chicago, was the fourth child of a family of five sons and three daughters, born of Connecticut parents, at Watertown, N. Y., April 14, 1808. In boyhood, he followed the calling of his father, which was that of a carpenter, but at the age of sixteen he entered the office of the Watertown Freeman, as an apprentice of its publisher, a Mr. Woodward. Four years later, having completed his apprenticeship, he spent a short time at Rochester and Utica, N. Y., but soon returned to the office of the Freeman as a journeyman. The year following he worked for a few weeks in a type-foundry at Albany, and still later as a compositor at Troy. Again returning to Watertown with material for the establishment of a job office, he was induced to enter into partnership with his former employer. This arrangement was of brief duration, as the healing of a breach in the ranks of the Democratic party, made a pretext by his partner for the sale of the paper within a year to a rival faction, resulted in leaving him without employment. During this partnership, Mr. Calhoun was married to Miss Pamelia C. Hathaway. After the sale of the paper, he procured additional material and commenced the publication of the Watertown Eagle. This paper was soon sold to Mr. Alvin Hunt, who continued its publication successfully for many years. Hearing glowing accounts of the opportunities offered to young men in the West, and especially at Chicago, Mr. Calhoun decided to try his fortune in this new field. Accordingly, on September 21, 1833, he set out for Chicago, bringing with him a modest outfit for the publication of a paper. His route lay by way of Buffalo, where he took steamboat, intending to reach Detroit, but the vessel was driven back by gales and he was forced to disembark at the mouth of the Black river, on the south shore of Lake Erie, whence he made his way on foot to Huron, 0. After a few days' delay here, he secured passage on another vessel to Detroit. The rest of the journey was made by stage across Michigan and Northern Indiana. Arriving at Chicago, he found his printing material had arrived before him, having come around the lakes by sailing vessel. Two apprentices who had been sent forward were also on the ground, and with their aid he proceeded to prepare the building which he had obtained for an office, and set up his material, doing duty by night as a carpenter in lathing the room he was to occupy. Being cramped for means, he found substantial assistance from a number of the early citizens, among them Col. T. J. V. Owen, then Indian Agent for this portion of the country, and the president of the first Board of town trustees, who was ever regarded by Mr. Calhoun with especial gratitude. The first issue of his paper (the Chicago Democrat) was put forth November 26, 1833, but its history has been given elsewhere, and need not be repeated here. Mrs. Calhoun did not accompany her husband on his first trip to their new home, but joined him in the following spring,' and proved a most efficient and capable assistant in his early struggles. After carrying on the paper in the face of many discouragements for three yea_rs, Mr. Calhoun was glad to transfer it to other hands, which was done on the 16th of November, 1836. The next five years were spent by Mr. Calhoun in discharging the duties, first of county treasurer and then of county collector, to which he was appointed by the county commissioners. He also served two years in the city council ; engaged in 1845 in the hardware trade as an employe of Ira B. Eddy, continuing in this business until 1847, when he entered into partnership with Joseph Matteson in the same line of business. Eetiring from this in 1849, his next service was in procuring the right of way for the Illinois Central railroad, in which he was employed from 1851 to 1854, after which he devoted some time as an agent in looking up the wild cat banks of Georgia. He died in Chicago,

February 20, 1859. His place of residence for the last twenty years of his life, was on the west side of State street, between Madison and Washington streets, just south of "Calhoun Place." Mrs. Calhoun survived him over thirty years, dying at Oak Park (now a part of Chicago), August 14, 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun left no descendants, Alvin Calhoun, an older brother of John Calhoun, came to Chicago in 1834. and died June 28, 1849. A daughter of his still sur-" vives as the wife of Col. J. K. C. Forrest, whose connection with the Chicago press is mentioned elsewhere.

John Wentworth, the second editor and proprietor of the Chicago Democrat, was a notable man both physically and mentally, who would be likely to attract attention under any conditions. Gifted with unusual astuteness, he was far above the ordinary stature, which was all the more marked in his younger days in consequence of a slender figure, which early secured for him the title of " Long John," by which he was known beyond the confines of his own city and State. He was the sou of Hon. Paul and Lydia Wentworth, born at Sandwich, N. H., March 5, 1815. His paternal grandfather, John Wentworth, was a member of the Continental Congress for New Hampshire and a signer of the " Articles of Confederation," while his maternal grandfather, Col. Amos Cogswell, entered the continental army with Washington, under the old elm at Cambridge, in 1775, serving through the war. His education was acquired first in the public schools of his native town, and afterwards in the academies at Gilmanton, Wolfboro, New Hampton and South Berwick. Then, after a season spent in teaching, in 1832, he entered Dartmouth college as a student, graduating four years later. As was customary with many collegiate students of that time, a considerable portion of his college course was spent in teaching a public school. Within a few months after graduation he started for Chicago, bearing with him letters from prominent citizens of his native State, including among the number Gov. Isaac Hill, then one of the best known public men of New England. After a journey made by stage-coach, railway, canal, lake steamer and on foot, he arrived in Chicago, October 25, 1836, and <J^>ut up," by advice of an acquaintance^whom he met on the streets^_oi--the future metropolis, at the luted States Hotel (previously known as "The Sauganash"), kept by Mr. John Murphy, afterwards a local politician of some note. He soon determined to enter upon the study of law with Henry Moore, then a leading lawyer of Chicago, but before a month had elapsed, he had consented to identify himself with the Democrat, as successor to its publisher, Mr. John Calhoun. His first number was issued November 23, 1836. He was finally induced to purchase the paper, which he did at a cost of $2,800, paying for it in installments in the course of three or four years. At that time Chicago was a straggling village, made up chiefly of clusters of houses near the mouth of the river and about " Wolf Point," at the junction of the "North" and "South Branch." The town had not yet been incorporated by act of the legislature, but during the next winter meetings were held to secure that result, in which Mr. Wentworth took a prominent part. The record says he was secretary of the first political meeting ever held in the old First Ward. The legislature having passed an act incorporating the city, he assisted to secure the election of W. B Ogden, as its first mayor. He was appointed corporation printer at the first meeting of the new city council, in May, 1837, school inspector in 1838, Aide-de-Camp to Gov. Carlin, in 1839, with the title of Colonel, and in February, 1840, commenced the issue of the Democrat as a daily. Meanwhile, be prosecuted his law studies, and after a brief season spent in attending lectures at Harvard, was admitted to the bar in 1841. In 1843, he was elected for the Chicago Dis- trict, one of the seven members from Illinois in the XXVIIIth Congress, and reelected in 1844, 1846 and 1848, but declined a re-election in 1850. He was again elected to Congress in 1852, but was not re-elected until 1864, when he was chosen on the Republican ticket. He thus served six terms in Congress - a record which has been exceeded by few Congressmen from Illinois, Though a Democrat at the time, he was one of the committee which called the River and Harbor Convention at Chicago, in 1847, drafting the address sent out to the people on the subject. On the organization of the Republican party, he identified himself and his paper with it, but was a supporter of Greeley in 1872, though he afterward returned to the Republican party. He was elected mayor on a fusion ticket in 1857, declined a re-election in 1859, was re-elected in 1860, and officially supervised the entertainment given to the Prince of Wales in Chicago that year. While mayor he introduced many valuable reforms in the city government. He served as a member of the State constitutional convention of 1862, and was one of the two or three Republicans who supported that instrument, though it was rejected by vote of the people. In 1863 he was appointed, by Gov. Yates, one of the police commissioners for the city of Chicago, and in that capacity rendered efficient aid in suppressing the intended outbreak by rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, in November, 1864. Just previous to the Democratic national convention of 1864, he replied in a speech of great power and effect, to a peace-argument made by Clement L. Vallandigham to a vast concourse of opponents of the war. la his speech, Mr. Wentworth displayed both courage and skill in turning the points of his adversary's arguments. He was a zealous friend of the common school system, serving several terms as a member of the board of education. As a politician in his younger days, Mr. Wentworth was adroit and not over scrupulous as to the means of accomplishing desired results, believing that in politics as in war, " all is fair," In his later years he was inspired by a higher ambition and performed many generous and patriotic acts. He was a patron of the Chicago Historical Society, and furnished many valuable contributions to its archives and to the history of the State. Mr. Wentworth was married in 1844 to Miss Roxanna Marie Loomis, of Troy, N. Y., who died Feb. 5, 1870. Five children were born of this union, of whom only Miss Roxauna Atwater Wentworth survives. His later years were devoted to looking after his extensive real estate interests and his enormous stock farm of 5,000 acres at Summit, Cook county, in which he took great pride. He died in Chicago, October 16, 1888. His daughter, Miss Roxanna Wentworth, was married, Jan. 27, 1892, to Clarence Bowen, son of the well-known editor of the New York Independent.

Among the newspaper men of Chicago, none can claim so varied an experience or so long a service as Col. Joseph K. C. Forrest, now of the Daily Netvs, though his early and long continued connection with the Democrat entitles him to be grouped with the editors of that paper. Mr. Forrest is descended from a family holding prominent and influential positions in business and political circles in Cork, Ireland, where he was born November 26, 1820. Coming to America before he had reached his twentieth year, he arrived in Chicago in July, 1840. During the early years of his residence in Chicago he was associate editor of the Evening Journal and was also a writer on the Gem of the Prairie, the predecessor of the Tribune. On the 10th of July, 1847, in conjunction with others, he assisted in bringing out the first issue of the tribune - wiiich he named - but selling his interest a few weeks later, on September 27, 1847, he assumed the position of associate editor of the Chicago Democrat, then under the managementof John Wentworth, remaining with the latter paper until its consolidation with the Tribune in July, 1861. Sub- sequently he served as correspondent of the Tribune, St. Louis Democrat and Chicago Times in Washington, Springfield and in the field; was also associated with the Chicago Republican after its establishment in 1865, being one of the original incorporators of that paper. When Mr. Scammon purchased the Republican after the fire of 1871, he was made its managing editor, and continued to hold a position as editorial writer for several years after it became the Inter Ocean. While connected with the Infer Ocean he made Melville E. Stone its city editor, a favor which was returned some years later in his employment by Mr. Stone in an editorial capacity on the Neivs, a position which he continues to hold, the articles under the title, "An Old Timer's Facts and Fancies" being from his pen. In 1846, Mr. Forrest was elected clerk of the recorder's court for Cook county, over Phil. A. Hoyne, and in 1873 was chosen city clerk on the People's Party ticket. His wife, Sarah Paddock (Calhoun) Forrest - who still survives - is a daughter of Alvin Calhoun, an older brother of John Calhoun, the founder of the Chicago Democrat, She was regarded as a favorite niece of the latter, being one of the three heirs named in his will. Mr. Forrest's facility as a writer has been widely recognized, as indicated by his almost continuous employment upon the press of Chicago. During his connection with the Democrat he had the reputation of being able to imitate " Long John's" peculiar style a little more closely even than " Long John " himself.

Richard L. Wilson, the first editor and publisher of the Evening Journal - now the R L Wilson °^es'; PaPer of consecutive publication in Chicago - came to Chicago in 1834, and in connection with his brother, John L., established himself in business. The two brothers were natives of New York State. According to Fergus' - "Chicago City Directory" for 1839-40, Richard was at that time a contractor on the canal, while his brother appears to have been employed at the same place, though not a partner. Richard appears to have had considerable literary taste, as, after a tour across the plains, he printed, in 1842, a small volume of travel under the title of " A Trip to Santa Fe." This was followed a few years later by " Short Ravelings ofa-Long Yarn " - a story of Spanish travel and adventure. In 1844 he\vas-4rrtTuced to undertake the manag&nrent of a new paper to take the plage of the Express, the Whig organ, then about to be suspended. At first he acted as the editor and publisher for a committee of Whig gentlemen, but soon became the owner of the new paper, the first issue of which, under the name of the Chicago Evening Journal, made its appearance under his management, -April 22, 1844. On the 3d of April, 1847, Mr. Wilson suffered a terrible accident in the loss of his left arm torn off at the shoulder, and of the thumb of his right hand, by the premature discharge of a cannon which he was assisting to fire in celebration of the battle of Buena Vista. The story at the time was that the cannon had been raised from the bottom of the river, where it had been thrown on the day of the Fort Dearborn Massacre in 1812. Having labored successfully to secure the election of General Taylor to the presidency, Mr. Wilson was, on the 23d of April, 1849, appointed by "Old Rough and Ready" postmaster for the city of Chicago, but held office only until September 25, 1850, when he was removed by Fillmore. His death occurred December, 1856. John L. Wilson, brother of Richard L., and fora time business manager of the Journal, was elected sheriff of Cook county in 1856, and died in Chicago a few years since.

Charles L. Wilson, youngest brother of the two preceding, and son of John Quintard and Maria (Lush) Wilson, was born in Fail-field county, Conn., October 10, 1818. The paternal branch of the family was of Scotch and Puritan origin, being descended from John Wilson, who came over in the Mayflower, and was a preacher of some note, being known as the

"St. Paul of New England." The mother was of Huguenot blood, the daughter of Dr. Richard Lush, of Albany, N. Y. The father practiced law in New York City for some time in early life, but later moved to Connecticut and became judge of Pairfield county. Removing still later to the State of New York, he was made judge of Albany county, dying there in 1863, one year after the death of his wife. Charles L. received such an education as the common schools and academies of that time afforded, and in 1835, at the age of seventeen, removed to Chicago, entering into the employment, as a clerk of his older brothers already named - was also employed for a time in a similar capacity at Joliet. Richard L., having assumed charge of the' Evening Journal in 1844, soon associated his brother Charles with himself in the management, and on the appointment of the former postmaster of the city of Chicago, the control of the paper devolved upon the latter. The partnership continued until the death of Richard L., which occurred in December, 1856. Charles L. then became sole proprietor, retaining the bulk of the stock until his death. He was prominent in State politics, first as a Whig, and then ranging himself promptly on the side of the Republican party on its organization. He was a member of the Republican State Convention of 1858, and, it is alleged, offered in that convention the resolution which made Mr. Lincoln the candidate of the party for United States Senator that year ; it is also claimed that he was especially instrumental in inducing Mr. Lincoln to challenge Senator Douglas to the series of debates which proved so prominent a feature of that campaign. Being a strong personal friend and admirer of Governor Seward, he and his paper were zealous supporters of the nomination of the New York statesman for the presidency in 1860, but after the nomination gave to Mr. Lincoln a cordial support. One of the first appointments under Lincoln's administration was that of Mr. Wilson secretary of the American Legation in London, a position which he retained until 1864, when he resigned on account of business demands at home. lie was a sharp paragraphist, but in the later years of his life entrusted the editorial management of the paper to Mr. Shuman, who was his associate for over twenty years. Mr. Wilson was married July, 1869, to Miss Caroline P. Farrar, daughter of Isaac Farrar, of Bangor, Me. Two children - Louisa F. and Charles L. - were the result of this union, the latter dying in infancy. Having been in ill-health for two years and a half, in the winter or early spring of 1878, accompanied by his wife and daughter, he went to Texas, hoping to derive benefit from that mild climate. His death occurred at San Antonio, Tex., March 9, 1878.

and Mary (Whistler) Shuman, born at Manor, Lancaster county,Pa., November 8, 1830. His father having died when the subject of this sketch was only seven years of age, he was adopted by an uncle, who treated and educated him as one of his own family. At the age of fourteen he entered a drug-store at Lancaster as a clerk, but soon abandoned this calling for that of apprentice in the printing office of the Lancaster Union and Sentinel. A year later, his employer having sold out the paper, removed to Auburn, N. Y., where he purchased the Daily Advertiser of that city, known as Governor Seward's "home organ." Young Shuman accompanied him, remaining with the Auburn paper two years. At the age of eighteen, during his leisure hours, he edited, published and distributed a small amateur weekly called the Auburnian. His apprenticeship concluded, he was associated for about a year and a half with Thurlow W. Brown, a wellknown temperance lecturer, in the publication at Auburn of a popular temperance paper, called the Cayuga Chief. This partnership having been dissolved, he entered the Liberal Institute at Clinton, N. Y., with a view to a preparatory course of collegiate instruction, and a year later (in the fall of 1851) became a member of the Freshman class in Hamilton College. Here he maintained a hard struggle between poverty and his desire for an education, working at his trade during his vacations, at Auburn, Syracuse and Utica, until having reached his junior year in college (1853), he complied with the earnest desire of friends of Mr. Sevvard that he should assume the editorial management of the Syracuse Daily Journal. He continued in this position nearly three years, when on the invitation of the proprietor of the Chicago Evening Journal he accepted an editorial position on that paper, beginning work July, 1856. In 18(51, Mr. Wilson having gone as secretary of legation to London, Mr. Shu man was left in editorial charge, and on the death of Mr. Wilson, in 1878, he succeeded the latter as president of the Journal Company. In 1865, he was appointed by Gov. Oglesby commissioner of the State penitentiary, and three years later (1868) was elected to that position by the vote of the people for a term of six years. Owing to the pressure of editorial duties, he resigned this position after having held it for two years. During his connection with the institution he was instrumental in securing many very important reforms in penitentiary management, la 1876, he was nominated as the Republican candidate for lieutenant-governor on the same ticket with Gov. Cullom (present United States Senator), and elected by a plurality of 52,197 votes. Mr. Shuman was married at Ovid, N. Y., in 1855, to Miss Lucy H. Dunlap, daughter of Joseph Dunlap, a farmer of that place. The year after coming to Chicago, he settled at Evanston, where he continued to make his home until his death, which occurred suddenly in the city of Chicago, on the evening of May 5, 1890, as supposed from heart disease, with which he had been afflicted for some time. Owing to declining health, he had in January, 1888, withdrawn from active work upon the paper, but continued president of the Journal Company up to the time of his death. His wife and only daughter (Mrs. Frank M. Elliott) still survive at Evanston. Mr. ShumaH' performed considerable literary ^Jabor apart from his editorial dujueefamong them a serial story in the Journal, and afterwards published in book form, under the title of "The Loves of a Lawyer." He also prepared and delivered before literary, busr ness and scientific associations, a number of lectures and addresses which were received with marked favor. He was a zealous Mason, a stalwart Republican, though conservative in his tastes and methods, of retiring, modest demeanor and universally popular among the members of his profession. On the day of his death, the Journal contained an article from his pen on the death of the late Senator Beck, of Kentucky, which had occurred a day or two previous, in which he expressed the following sentiment, which may aptly be applied to himself:

" Honesty of purpose, like charity 'covereth a multitude of sins,' and Mr. Beck was not only an honest man, but it may be said with truth that the lives of but few men have so little of sinfulness in them as his had." The Journal of the following day pi'inted a tribute to its deceased editor, of which the following is an extract:

" Gov. Shuman * * * was a man of the kindest heart and most generous impulses. He had not an enemy on the face of the earth, for his entire life was one of kindness and good will toward every human being. * * * Yet he had courage and an unbending will. He had a conscience. * * * He was a just man. His opinions , were solidly set because they were founded in enlightened thought and on mature deliberation."

John R. Wilson, present publisher of the Evening Journal, is a native of Hornellsville, johnR. N". Y., where he was born April 28, wuson. 1852> Hi8 father> Stephen L. Wilson, was an older brother of the Wilson Brothers, who were founders of the Journal. Coming West about 1856, the elder Wilson founded the village of Rice Lake, Minn., which suf- fered terribly from the Indian troubles of 1862-3. Mr. Wilson having raised a company to protect his neighbors and other frontier settlers from these depredations, at the close of the Indian war the whole company was transferred to the United States service in the suppression of the rebellion, and while yet in the army, Mr. Wilson died. The son (John R.) who had been in the employment of his uncles upon the Journal, before he had reached his twentieth year, was admitted to a proprietorship in the paper, becoming one of the stockholders in the Journal Company when first organized as a stock company, which occurred October 10, 1871. He was then elected a director of the company - a position he has held continuously until the expiration of the charter of the Journal Company, in the fall of 1893. On the reorganization of the company he assumed the position of publisher, which he now holds.

William K. Sullivan, late editor-in-chief of the Chicago Evening Journal and for some wiiiiam K. sum- time president of the Journal van- Company, is a native of Waterford, Ireland, born Nov. 10, 1843. He was educated in the national schools of Ireland, in his youth serving for some time as a pupil teacher in the Waterford Model School. Later he graduated from the Marlborough Street Training School in Dublin, and afterwards taught in Malin, County Donegal. Coming to the United States in 1863, without capital, he engaged in teaching in Kane county, 111., but the following year (1864) enlisted as a soldier in the 141st regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving six months. After his discharge from the army he resumed teaching for a time in Kane county, but soon after went to the oil regions in West Virginia, where he took lessons in running a steam engine. Making a brief visit to his native land, on his return he commenced his newspaper career, his first experience being as a reporter on the New York Sun. Again coming West he became attached to the reportorial staff of the Chicago Tribune. During his connection with the Tribune he was elected a representative in the Twenty-seventh General Assembly at the election in 1870. In 1872 he became city editor of the Evening Journal, and on the retirement of Mr. Shuman in January, 1888, succeeded that gentleman as managing editor of the paper and president of the Evening Journal Company. During the earlier period of his connection with the Journal, he served three years as a member of the Chicago Board of Education by appointment of Mayor Colvin, being president of the Board two of these years. He has also been President of the Chicago Press Club. Mr. Sullivan has visited his native country several times, his last visit being made in the summer of 1891. While preparing for this visit he found himself in the condition of a " man without a country." The certificate of naturalization which he had received after the war having been burned in the Chicago fire of 1871, on inquiry with a view to procuring a new one, it was discovered that the records of the court in Kane county in which he had been naturalized, had been destroyed by fire also. Upon representation of these facts to the Secretary of State at Washington, that official recognized his claim to be regarded as an American citizen and furnished him with a passport in due form. Mr. Sullivan was married in 1874 to Miss Emma Shackelford, step-daughter of the late Gen. Julius White, of Evanston. On October 1, 1891, he retired from the editorship of the Journal, and a few weeks later was appointed by President Harrison United States Consul at Bermuda, departing for consulate in the latter part of December, 1891. The following year he resigned and is now a citizen of Chicago.

Col. Elias S. Calkins, for several years leading political writer on the editorial staff of the Chicago Evening Journal, Elias s. Calkins. wag born at Royaiton, Niagara binder's trade with Messrs. Hale & Chapman, making use of his spare intervals for study. Abandoning this, he entered upon newspaper work in the office of the Wisconsin Free Democrat in the employment of Sherman M. Booth, whose name became known throughout the nation a few years later in connection with the celebrated Glover fugitive slave case. Leaving the Democrat in May, 1851, Mr. Calkins became local editor of the Milwaukee Commercial Advertiser, then published by Cary & Bounds - the latter, S. P. Rounds, afterwards of Chicago and public printer in Washington. During his connection with it, the name of the paper was changed to the News. In December, 1852, he went to Madison as clerk in the office of Dr. Azel P. Ladd, superintendent of public instruction for the State of Wisconsin, remaining until January, 1854, when he was appointed by Beriah Brown, publisher of the Madison Argus and Democrat, assistant editor of that paper. In 1855 he became one of the proprietors of the paper, remaining, with two or three changes of partners, until 1861, when, having determined to enter the army, he was offered a commission as Colonel. This he declined, but accepted the position of major of the Third Wisconsin Volunteer Cavalry, with the late Governor Barstow as colonel. In 1865 he was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy, remaining in the service until March, 1865. During his connection with the army he participated in the campaign in the southwest, making a good record for bravery and efficiency as a soldier and officer. The war having closed, he returned to journalism as editor of the Capital, at Madison, with the late Geo. Hyer as partner, remaining until 1867. In 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson collector of internal revenue for the second Wisconsin district, but failing of confirmation in 1867, accepted the position of editor of the St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer, in which he continued until 1870. Then returning to Milwaukee, he assumed the editorship of the News, the successor to the second paper with which he had been connected in his early newspaper career. This connection continued until 1876. In December, 1873, in conjunction with C. C. BowsjieWT he started the Milwaukee SundatfTelegraph, but in July following--sOla out his interest to J. A. Watrons. A few months later, having joined Mr. Watrous in purchasing the interest of Bowsfield in the Telegraph, he returned to the latter paper, remaining until 1884, when, having disposed of his interest, he accepted the position, which up to 1892, he held upon the Evening Journal.

John' Locke Scripps, one of the leading spirits in achieving that elevation of the standard of Chicago journals. ism which began to be mani.