Chicago City (part 45 of 57)

Mr. Herrick brought to the practice of his chosen profession the natural aptitude which is inherent in a mind of rare logical and analytical power, as well as the culture which is the product of a thorough education, aided by intelligent and persistent study. During the quarter of a century that he has been at the bar, interests of the gravest importance, not only to individuals, but also to the commonwealth, have been entrusted to his keeping. Intricate problems in constitutional law have been submitted to him for solution ; the delicate questions involved in the settlement of great estates have been referred to his clear perceptive powers, and in no instance has he proved inadequate to the task laid upon him, or failed to show that the confidence reposed in him was well placed. In clearness, force and logical arrangement his briefs are rarely equalled. To untiring industry he joins a thorough knowledge of the law and an unsurpassed familiarity with authorities, and his citations are made with unerring judgment. In general argument upon the law and the facts of any given case, independent of authorities, he is equally effective. Wasting little time upon minor points or on technicalities, he devotes his energies to the main issues involved, bringing conviction by the logical sequence of his argument no less than by his force. His management of a case, from the moment when he assumes charge of it until the close of the final hearing before the court of final review, is planned with the same degree of careful thought that a general bestows upon a plan of campaign, and to this fact, in no small degree, may be attributed his extraordinary success. The highest courts of Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska have recognized his ability, and his voice has been frequently heard on behalf of litigants before the Supreme Court of the United States. Many of the cases in which he has been successfully engaged have, because of the importance of the issues involved, come to be regarded as what are known to lawyers as " leading cases"; that is, cases which are universally regarded by the courts and the profession as forever determining the law upon the point adjudicated.

pleasures. He is a valued member of the Chicago and University clubs, and of the Chicago Literary society, and has held prominent offices in both the bar and the citizens associations. Prior to the nomination of Grover Cleveland to the presidency his political affiliations were with the Republicans. Since that time he has voted on national issues with the Democrats, althoughin municipal elections he regards no partisan fealty.

His theological opinions are liberal and he finds congenial surroundings in the Central church, under the pastorate of Rev. Professor David Swing.

In 1883 he married Miss Julie A. Dnion. Three daughters have been born to them, and the home on Prairie Avenue affords Mr. Herrick those domestic enjoyments which he prizes far more highly than his well-earned professional honors.

Nicholas Senn, M. D., Ph. D.

In preparing a biographical sketch of such a man as Doctor Senn, whose brilliant professional achievements are based on au intimate knowledge of the intricate subjects of human anatomy and scientific therapeutics, the historian feels the limitations of his knowledge as well as like limitations that attach to the ordinary reader. In truth, any just biography of such a man should be prepared by one having some adequate professional knowledge, and might better be presented in the pages of medical journals, whose readers are en rapport with the subjects which have engaged his thoughts, and can follow the line of original investigation which it has been his fortune to make in some important lines of pathology and surgery.

It will be the purpose of the present writer to trace the origin and progress of a rare personal career; briefly to present the life of an eminent citizen as it has been seen by the mass of unprofessional people among whom it was spent, to note the high professional honors which it has received, and to indicate some of the studies which have engaged the thought of a great man, with the methods by which, as a demonstrator, a teacher and an author, he has made them known to the world.

Doctor Semi was born at Buchs, in the canton of St. Gall, Switzerland, October 31, 1844. His parents were industrious people, engaged in agriculture, of respectable condition and thrifty habit. They gave to their five children no patrimony other than their inherited qualities and the influence which careful and loving nurture imparts. In tracing the character of Doctor Senn, one finds little peculiar in his birth, and no moulding influence other than that which an early acquaintance with the French and German languages gave, in opening to his inquisitive mind the treasures of scientific knowledge which lie locked in the embrace of those tongues. In fact the characteristics of hismind, and bent of his genius are quite thoroughly American, amid whose people and institutions he grew from bovhood to manhood.

When a lad of nine years, his parents immigrated to this country, and soon afterwards settled on a farm at Afford, Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin. After completing hib elementary course, he entered the grammar school of the city of Fond du Lac. There he pursued his studies with commendable diligence, passing from one grade to another, until he graduated at the age of nineteen. His school life was not peculiar, except that he developed a tendency to original investigation and analytical thought, which hesitated to take anything from authority, rather seeking to explore the depths and fountains of knowledge to find their deep hidden springs. Having, with the impulse of natural adaptation, chosen the medical profession for his life work, he entered the office of Dr. Munk, where, in ad- dition to the usual studies of a medical student, he applied himself to a mastery of the Latin language, and to the natural sciences, especially botany. From office study he entered Chicago Medical College, from which institution he graduated in 1868. His graduating thesis gave to the public the first intimation of his genius as an original investigator of medical subjects. Its subject was no uncommon or startling one. It treated of the therapeutic uses of digitalis, not from the standpoint of books of mater ia medica, but from repeated and minute observation of its action on animals and in cases that had come under his observation. Its result was to overthrow one of the time-honored dogmas of the medical profession, which regarded the drug as a cardiac sedative. He showed that it was a stimulant of the heart's action, a conclusion which the medical profession has adopted and now universally holds. After receiving his degree Dr. Senn was given, after competitive examination, an appointment as house surgeon in the Cook County Hospital, which he filled for a year and a half.

Returning to Wisconsin, he began the practice of his profession in a modest way at Ashford, where his family resided, and where, the following year, he took the final step in the settlement of a young man, viz. : the establishment of a home of his own. The lady whom he selected for his life partner was Miss Aurelia S. Millhouser, the sister-in-law of a distinguished chemist, Dr. W. T. Wenzell, now of San Francisco. -

The fame of his skill was not long in spreading beyond the boundaries of his country ride. It brought him such reputation and so frequent calls from abroad that after four or five years he decided to establish himself in a larger field. Removing to Milwaukee in the spring of 1874, then only thirty years old, he attracted at once a practice which older physicians had been unable to secure in a life time. His first year's practice brought him an income of $10,000. He began to receive recognition and to be the recipient of the honors as well as emoluments of the profession. He was appointed attending physician of the Milwaukee hospital, and was elected president of the Wisconsin State Medical society, before which he delivered an inaugural address on medical legislation, which attracted wide and favorable notice. Neither his pecuniary nor professional success seduced him from the determination to gain the best preparation that it was possible to attain. His ambition was not so much to attain success, as to be worthy of confidence. In some rare souls, the desire for success, the thirst for yet unattained knowledge, overcomes the more venal and personal interests, and impels its possessor to forego present advantage for the attainment of its ideal. With such desires Doctor Senn abandoned his lucrative practice in Milwaukee in 1878, and entered himself as a student at the University of Munich, Germany. His graduation from this celebrated medical institution furnished him occasion for the preparation of another thesis treating an obscure surgical operation in an original manner, which gave him the high honor of the university. Not content with the results garnered in a winter's sojourn in Bavaria's capital, Dr. Senn gave his attention to a course in pathological and microscopic anatomy under Professor Heitzmannin New York, and attended the surgical lectures and clinics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in that city during the winter of 1880.

Seven years later, in 1887, Doctor Senn again visited Europe, making it a specialty to visit all the leading hospitals of the various countries, to observe their methods, and gain whatever might be new or useful to him to perfect his practice. But his aim was much broader than his own advantage. He desired to make whatever contribution he might be able for the advantage of the profession, and through them for the suffering of his own land. He published the results of his observations in a book entitled " Four Months Among the Surgeons of Europe," that was well received by the medical profession here and abroad. Of course, in such intercourse he made many invaluable acquaintances and placed himself en rapport with the most advanced medical and surgical science of the world.

Returning to Milwaukee, Doctor Senn resumed his practice. His fame for skill and knowledge attracted patients from all parts of Wisconsin and from adjoining States. He perfected the hospital facilities of Milwaukee, and continued his original investigations and operations. His bold and successful achievements in surgery attracted attention at home and abroad. When Professor Van Esmarch, a celebrated German surgeon, visited this country he made a special journey to Milwaukee, to meet one whose fame had crossed the Atlantic.

On all the details of intestinal surgery Doctor Senn became a recognized authority in the surgical world, and his methods of diagnosis and treatment in this obscure speciality, were both original and scientific. In gun shot wounds of the abdomen he introduced the use of hydrogen gas per rectum as the only reliable means of determining a perforation of the intestine prior to opening the abdomen. The recognition of his skill was prompt and universal. He was tendered fellowships in the most distinguished foreign medical societies. Among other distinctions he was elected a member of the Sociele Chevaliers Sauveleurs. The doors of American and foreign surgical societies were everywhere thrown open to him.

In the paucity of men of high attainment among American medical profession, it results that one who has added to a comprehensive knowledge of the science rare skill as an operator, is soon drawn from the line of his private practice to become a lecturer and demonstrator in some one of our ambitious medical colleges. In 1884 Doctor Senn was appointed professor of the principles of surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. The duties of this chair did not withdraw him from his residence and practice in Milwaukee. Three years later Doctor Senn resigned his chair to occupy that of the principles of surgery and surgical pathology in Rush Medical College. From this chair he was promoted to the professorship of the practice of surgery and clinical surgery in the faculty of Rush made vacant by the death of Doctor Parkes in 1891.

In the meantime he had received the appointment of surgeon general of Wisconsin, and had begun a thorough organization of the surgical corps of the State. His enthusiasm in the work was so great that he decided to retain his commission on the governor's staff and perfect the work of medical organization after his removal to Chicago in the spring of 1891. The association of military surgeons of the National guard of the United States was organized; of both of which Doctor Senn was chosen president.

In the spring of 1891 Doctor Senn removed his residence to Chicago, sacrificing a private practice which seventeen years of tireless labor had built up, and which was sufficient to satisfy the ambition of one most covetous of the honors and rewards of professional labor. He deemed his public position in the leading medical college of the Northwest, as a teacher of young men in preparation for the responsible duties of medical life, a duty higher than any private interest, and, as on a former occasion, he subordinated personal welfare to his sense of public obligation.

Doctor Senn, amidst his engrossing practice and his duties as teacher and demonstrator, has been a prolific contributor to the literature of his profession; especially has he been called upon to prepare papers to be read at the various meetings of the leading associations of his profession, which have been received with great favor and enjoyed wide popularity. Selecting some subject which had attracted his study and probably employed his deft scalpel, he would treat it in such a complete and exhaustive manner, lighting up its obscure points by flashes of genius and clothing a familiar subject with novelty and freshness, from the new lights which his observations were able to cast upon it, that he invariably induced not only acquiescence in his view, but enthusiasm as well. This ability came not by chance; he had been through years a most diligent student, as well as a critical and careful observer. His mental faculties had grasp of conception and power of analysis; moreover he was absorbed in his pursuit, and felt for it all the enthusiasm that fires a man possessed of a purpose. He possessed the power of expression in graceful and elegant phrase, without the folly of sacrificing sense to expression. With less professional zeal he might have been an "autocrat of the breakfast table" or a writer of post prandial verses, but never the profound and thorough scholar.

He possesses, it is said, the best private medical library in the world. His mastery of continental tongues has opened the treasures of Europe in medical literature to his easy mastery. These books are not ornaments of the shelves merely, but their contents are studied when the noises of the street are stilled and the work-a-day world wrapped in sleep. He has donated to the Newberry library a part of his valuable library, which will be known as the Senn collection.

Nor has Doctor Senn's literary work been confined to or chiefly engrossed in such comparatively ephemeral work. He is an authorof recognized authority among the elementary writers of the medical profession. Some of his works have already passed through several editions in this country, and been translated into the languages of continental Europe, where they have taken their place as standard authorities on their special subjects. Chief among these works of erudition and research are the following titles : " The Principles of Surgery," "Experimental Surgery," " Surgical Bacteriology," " Intestinal Surgery," "Tuberculosis of Bones and Joints," "Syllabus of the Practice of Surgery."

treatise on "Abdominal Surgery," to constitute a portion of an "American Text Book of Surgery," which, in the hands of twelve of the most competent and erudite surgeons of the country as authors of its several parts, is expected to be the most authentic surgical work of the present century. When the magnitude of these labors of authorship is added to the responsibilities of a large private practice, and the methodical preparation which a lecturership imposes, together with the preparation of monographs, contributions to medical journals, papers for medical societies, and an extensive private correspondence with all the best known savants of the world it seems a load too weighty to be borne on any but the shoulders of an Atlas. Yet the calm and thoughtful features of the man represented in the steel plate engraving to be found in another chapter, where he appears attired in the uniform of his military rank, show no sign of mental weakness, or even worry. In point of fact, Dr. Senn has such a mastery of his varied work, such method of arrangement and classification, such an inspiration of enthusiasm, that what would be an insupportable burden to one less fortunately constituted, is to him but an ordinary task, and sometimes so much a labor of love as to seem no task at all.

He is approachable to his intimates, of quiet and domestic tastes, and meets the calls upon his leisure moments with the nonchalance and buoyancy of intimate companionship.

Doctor Senn is a frequent reader at the meetings of the International Medical Congress, and at its convention held in Washington, D. C., in 1887, contributed a monograph on Intestinal Surgery. In 1890 he was invited to represent America at the congress held in Berlin, where his clear demonstration of original methods in treatment of gunshot wounds of the abdomen produced a sensation, and won honors and decorations for him.

and that of LL.D. from the Lake Forest University in 1893. He is at the present time professor of surgery in Rush Medical College at Chicago, and attending surgeon to the Presbyterian and St. Joseph Hospitals, and professor of surgery in the Chicago Policlinic. He was appointed by Governor Altgeld surgeon general of the National Guard of Illinois in 1893. A list of the societies that have honored themselves by enrolling him in their membership resembles the catalogue of Grecian ships in the Iliads, but. like that, is essential to the completeness of the narrative. He is a fellow of the American Surgical association, honorary fellow of the College of Physicians of Pennsylvania, permanent member of the German Congress of

Surgeons, honorary member of La Academia de Medicina de Mexico, of the D. Hayes Agnew Surgical society of Philadelphia, corresponding member of the Harveian society of London city, honorary member of the Edinburgh Medical society, honorary member of the Ohio, of the Wisconsin, and of the" Minnesota State Medical societies, member of the American Medical association, the Brainard Medical society, etc.

His family consists of his estimable and devoted wife, and of two sons, of the ages of fifteen and twenty-two years. The elder son is a student in Rush Medical College, and promises to prolong in the family the fame so gloriously acquired by his gifted and indefatigable father.

George R. Davis

Colonel Davis has just laid down, with the completion of its duties, the most unique civil position which it has ever fallen to the lot of a man to hold in the history of the world. It was that of director-general of the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago from May to November, 1893. Under his watchful eye and directing hand, during three years of preparation, the "White City" - gem of all architectural creations, - arose like a glimpse of wonderland upon the shore of Lake Michigan. Around its spacious courts and broad lagoons wore grouped the most spacious edifices that the eye of man has ever seen, decorated with the highest realized conceptions of sculptured and pictured art. In its ample halls, with their circling galleries were gathered the most complicated machines, the most wonderful and brilliant inventions, and the most exquisitely wrought works of ingenuity and skill that the genius and industry of man has ever created, and during six months the denizens of the remote quarters, continents and islands of the world, in number exceeding fifty million people, gazed upon these gathered glories of industrial and artistic creations of the genius of the world, in wonder and rapt enthusiasm. More than a quarter of a hundred millions of treasure was expended upon this stupendous undertaking, and an enormous sum received at its gates; and yet so perfect was the organization of the imperial forces, so thorough every preparation, so watchful and skillful the management of the gigantic enterprise, that but one serious accident marred its progress, and every visitor departed filled with wonder at the unexampled display, and with unstinted praise of the breadth of the conception, the boldness of the execution, and the symmetry and precision of the conduct of this greatest exhibition of the genius of man that has ever been presented in all the tract of time.

While thousands, yea hundreds of thousands, contributed their thought and labor to the great consummation, and should share in the glory of the result, to no one man is so much of the credit due as to him, who, throughout the years of preparation and the months of exhibition, guided the vast enterprise.

had long been a citizen of Chicago. He had represented her enterprising people in the National Congress, and served them in a most responsible civil capacity. He had been trained in early manhood in the stirring schools of the camp and the battlefield. He had for years afterward administered on a broad field some of the most difficult and arduous work of the army. He possessed rare physical qualities for command. His powers of will, of intellectual perception, of intelligence and decision, the quickness and accuracy of his judgment, his common sense, and above all the grace of his presence and the suavity of his intercourse, marked him as possessing in a high degree the qualities necessary to the chief direction of the enterprise. He had, when chosen as a member of the local directory, shown great zeal and efficiency in allaying opposition to the proposed location of the exposition in Chicago, and had, with rare tact, exerted such an influence among the representatives of the people in Congress, with many of whom he had pleasant and cordial relations, that Chicago was designated as the site for the exposition. And when the National commissioners came together, and took in hand the appointment of the most important director of the enterprise, their choice fell instinctively and unanimously upon him.

The wisdom of the choice, like that which designated Washington for the commander of the revolutionary army and Grant for that of the rebellion, was vindicated by the result, so gratifying to every patriotic Amercan, and so satisfactory to the exhibitors and patrons from foreign nations.

Colonel Davis is descended on the paternal side from an ancestry of mixed Scotch-Welsh blood, and on the maternal side from an ancient family in Connecticut, of Quaker lineage. His father was Benjamin Davis, and his mother Cordelia (Buffington) Davis, both of whom survived in their Massachusetts home until within a few years.

careful and pious nurture, and was sent for higher education to the famous Williston Seminary at Easthainpton, Massachusetts, from which institution he graduated at the age of twenty years. During the next two years, he assisted his father in business at Springfield, read law, and was admitted to the bar. Instead of opening an office and engaging in a quiet professional life, he heard the clarion which called the patriotic young men of the country to the defense of the flag and the preservation of the Union and did not hesitate to enroll his name among the country's defenders. He made no terms for personal advancement, enlisting as a private soldier in Company H, of the eighth regiment of Massachusetts infantry. It was not long before his intelligence and devotion to duty brought promotion, and he soon attained the captaincy of his company. His regiment was attached to the eighteenth army corps, which did gallant service during the years 1862 and 1863 through the Carolinas. At the expiration of his enlistment he was mustered out with his regiment, but did not go into retirement. He immediately raised a battery of light artillery, which on being tendered to the government only could be received as heavy artillery. Desiring a more active service he resigned, only to receive an appointment as captain of company C, of the third Regiment of Rhode Island cavalry. He was soon promoted to the rank of major, and took command of the regiment of troopers until the close of the war. The cavalry furnished all the bold and daring service that his active temper craved, and through all the raids, charges and battles of a long and varied service he escaped without any serious personal casualty. He was mustered out of service at New Orleans. Having held high command in two prominent arms of the service, he had passed through the school of the soldier, and felt himself qualified for still further service. His unusual qualifications brought to him, now that the army was to be placed on a peace footing, the extraordinary proffer of service of a civic nature in the regular army. He was appointed Superintendent of railway, river and ocean transportation, and attached to the headquarters of Major-General Philip Sheiidan.

It was while serving at New Orleans that he' met and was vanquished, not by a foe, but by a young and vivacious lady of seventeen, Miss Gertrude Schulin, of the "Crescent City," for whom he became legal guardian, while assuming the more intimate and tender relation of husband. Mrs. Davis, following the fortunes of her lord through his subsequent connection with the army at western posts, and in wild contests with a savage foe on the plains, settled with him in Chicago, where her intelligence, vivacity and domestic virtues have made her an ornament to society, and one of the best known and most brilliant of the high social circle in which she moves ; and during the Exposition she formed one of that coterie of brilliant women who met royalty on equal terms, and by their intelligence, charms and beauty vindicated, in the presence of the most cultured people of the world, the innate nobility of American womanhood.

When Gen. Sheridan was placed in command of the department of the Missouri, he took his civilian assistant to Leavenworth, and he assisted in the Indian campaigns of 1868 and 1869, that subdued and pacified the wild tribes of the plains. He accompanied the General in his assignment to another department, with headquarters at Chicago, continuing in the government service until 1871, when he resigned.

Thereupon he engaged for a few years as the financial representative at Chicago of several eastern insurance companies. Meanwhile his experience in military affairs led him to interest himself in the organization and discipline of the local militia. He soon placed the first regiment on a splendid financial and military footing, and was commissioned its colonel, soon becoming the senior colonel in the state service.

Colonel Davis was an ardent Republican; he had a genius for organization, and his impetuous character carried him, in political conflicts, to the display of the same bold tactics that had made him a dashing cavalry commander. In 1876 he was nominated as a candidate for Congress in the west side Second district of Chicago, and although he made a splendid run, leading all the candidates on his ticket, lie was defeated by that veteran Democrat, and idol of Chicago democracy, Carter II. Harrison. Two years later he made the race again, and was elected, and was re-elected in 1880 and 1882. serving for six consecutive years in the house of representatives. During his terms he served upon the committees of commerce, military affairs, pensions, education and labor, and upon the examining committee for the West Point Academy. He was also a member of the Republican congressional executive committee, having in charge the interests of the Republican party.

Colonel Davis was an active and leading member of the House, popular and influential with his colleagues. He accomplished much for his constituency, and for the city of Chicago, and State of Illinois, especially in securing liberal appropriations for the Chicago harbor, and for the western rivers. His political sagacity and influence made him a delegate to the Republican National convention of 1884, and a delegate at large to the convention of 1888, where he led the forces arrayed to secure the nomination of Judge Gresham. He was appointed a member of the Republican national committee, and by that body was made one of its executive committee.

Upon his retirement from Congress in 1884, it was Colonel Davis' purpose to resume private business, and devote his timeand talents to developing his private fortune. But the exigencies of his party demanded his further service, and he was nominated for treasurer of Cook county. It was a hard fought campaign, but was so thoroughly organized, and the popularity of the leading Republican candidate was so great, that he was triumphantly elected. During the four years of his service as treasurer, over fifty-two million dollars of public revenue passed through his hands, and was accounted for or paid over to the last cent.

All these political aspirations were abandoned and-all partisan considerations laid aside when Colonel Davis was selected as director general of the Exposition. He realized how thoroughly united men of all parties must be to give the hoped-for success to the great undertaking. Through his efforts the National Commission was equally divided among members of political organizations, and no suspicion of partisan bias or favoritism marred the perfect unity of effort in behalf of the enterprise.

On assuming his duties Colonel Davis issued an address to the press of the country asking its aid and co-operation, and outlining the broad and liberal policy which would guide his work. It met with a cordial response from these potent organs of opinion, and was the key note of all his subsequent efforts.

While Colonel Davis in his public action is one of the boldest and most daring of men, with a force of will, and energy of action that sweeps away every opposing force, in his private intercourse he is one of the most affable and engaging of men. His social relations are many and important, he being a member of numerous fraternal, patriotic and social organizations Yet he is domestic in his habits, delighting in the society of his family and of his intimate friends, and is cordial, approachable and plain. He has a beautiful home on Washington boulevard, the chief ornament of which is a library of 4,000 volumes, which he delights to peruse, especially in the lines of history and political economy.

Colonel Davis has great personal magnetism, as well as force of character. He is a noble specimen of physical manhood, tall, broad shouldered and robust. His features show acuteness and force, rather than gentleness or beauty. His eye is penetrating and his glance inspiring. His forehead is crowned with a mass of silvery gray hair which gives him an air of dignity. His tout ensemble is suggestive of energy in action, and gentleness in repose.

To Colonel and Mrs. Davis have been born six children - four sons and two daughters - and his home is one of the centres of hospitality of the populous division of the city in which it is located.

Richard M. Hooley

"All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances; And one man, in his time, plays many parts."

In the tasks allotted to men's lives, not the least in importance or the most insignificant in their impress upon character and destiny are those which minister to our esthetic natures. There are many diversities of art, wide variations in the play of artistic gifts. The poet has the rare faculty of couching his thoughts in rythmic measure; the painter transfers his fancy to canvass, while the sculptor carves his inspiration in living lines in bronze or marble. Yet it is given to the player "to hold the mirror up to nature," and reproduce upon the stage the emotions and passions which make our lives sad or joyous, despondent or hopeful. To the comedian is the task of arousing mirth and reviving the drooping spirits by jest or comic act. The tragedian portrays life's graver, sadder side, while the singer charms the ear and elevates the soul by the divine notes of melody.

The aim of the theatrical manager is to place before the patrons of the stage alike the humorous and the pathetic aspects of life - its tragedy and its comedy; and who shall question his right to a place in the

Such thoughts arise while contemplating the career of one whose life was spent in constant effort, not merely to amuse the public, but also to cultivate the popular taste for the higher forms of dramatic art.

The active life of Mr. R. M. Hooley, for more than fifty years, was devoted, on two continents, and over a broad stretch of the western hemisphere, to building and managing theatres. It is said that he built or remodeled more places of amusement than any man of his time. In this work he achieved success as a manager, having the rare felicity at once to please the public and earn the love of the profession of players, besides securing the large pecuniary rewards which are seldom the fruits of theatrical management. He was long a resident of Chicago, where his theatre was always a favorite resort for all classes, while he himself was universally respected as an honorable, patriotic and enterprising citizen.

Mr. Hooley was an Irishman by birth, an Englishman by nurture and an American by adoption. His native place was in the parish of Ballina, county Mayo, where he first saw light on the 13th of April, 1822. His parents, James and Ann Hooley, were respectable people of the Catholic faith; the father was a well-to-do tradesman. While the son was yet an infant in arms the family removed to Manchester, England, where he was subsequently put at school, and later, when sufficiently advanced, entered at Hyde Academy, a high grade school near the city of his residence. Here he pursued liberal studies until his eighteenth year.

It was the desire of his futher that he should enter the medical profession, and to this end his education was directed. But the inborn talents of the boy overruled the choice of the parent. He had little taste for the dry details of anatomy; while, on the contrary, he developed a passionate fondness for music, becoming a skillful violinist, and his studies were directed toward music and art. Leaving school at the age of eighteen years, he entered a theatre as a musician, and at the expiration of four years had made such progress and secured such remuneration, that he felt himself able to gratify his wish to make a visit to America. His design was merely to take a pleasure trip; but he found New York so inviting, and perceived such opportunities to practice his art that he abandoned the idea of returning, and determined to remain as a permanent citizen of the republic.

It was in 1844 that he became associated with Mr. E. P. Christy, the originator of a type of entertainment then as novel as it became subsequently popular. Mr. Hooley took the position of musical leader, and after two years assumed the management of the troupe, in which capacity he developed such business aptitude and attained such success, that he was emboldened to organize a company of his own. This was the beginning of the celebrated Hooley's Minstrels. In 1848 he took his company to England, and opened his novel entertainment at Her Majesty's concert room in Hanover square, London. The bizarre appearance of the singers, their plaintive and exquisite melodies, captivated the fancy of the play goers; while their rollicking jokes penetrated the dull comprehension of the Britons, and opened the minds of the auditors to an appreciation of the ludicrous and the humorous. After a successful season in London, he played throughout the principal towns of England, Scotland and Ireland, and gave entertainments in Paris and Brussels.

In 1855 he went to California and became manager of Magnire's Opera House in San Francisco, having formed a partnership with "Tom" Maguire, its proprietor. To the dramatic entertainment of the people of California he imparted a novel and in- spiring feature. His labor was incessant, necessitating frequent journeys over the tedious route by the isthmus to the East. But he brought with him such histrionic talent as had never been heard in that region before. Mr. and Mrs. James Wallack, Mr. and Mrs. John Wood, and other celebrities were persuaded to accompany him, and were thus first introduced to the Pacific stage.

It was in 1856, during his residence in San Francisco, that he met and married Miss Rosina Cramer, of New York. Returning to the East, in 1858, Mr. Hooley played in different cities for a year, and in 1859 he opened at Niblo's with George Christy and a minstrel company that afterwards became famous as Hooley and Campbell's Minstrels.

More serious events began to occupy the public mind; the exciting political campaign of 1860 and the events foreshadowing the great rebellion, brought upon the stage of real life scenes and actors that far overshadowed, in the public interest, those to be seen upon the " mimic stage."

The representations were transferred, for a time, from the city to the country, but there, too, they were soon eclipsed by the all pervading passion. At the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia the company disbanded in 1861, while the great overture of the war was thundering from thousands of batteries.

Mr. Hooley now settled in Brooklyn, New York, and established the first permanent theatre in that city, opening it in 1862. Here he remained for seven years, retiring at the end of the time with a comfortable fortune, - the most considerable that the profession had yet realized. There is a tide of restless ambition stirring in the veins of one conscious of his power still to achieve, which, independently of the desire of gain, impels him to continue, if not intensify, his line of activity. It is like the mysterious instinct which drives the birds of passage at the proper season in their periodic migrations.

as the field of his future operations. He came here in 1869, and here he remained until his death. He became a veteran manager, and grew venerable and beloved among the enterprising citizens of his adopted city.

Obtaining Bryan's hall, which he re-named Hooley's Opera House, on Clark street, the site of the present Grand Opera House, he opened the fashionable and popular resort of the play-going people of the city, and of the strangers who flocked hither from all parts of the world. In the early part of the year 1871 he had leased the theatre for five years, packed his costumes and scenery, and was about to return to his Brooklyn establishment, when the great fire of October converted, in a night, the gay resort to a mass of smoldering ruins and swept away a great part of the accumulation of" years.

It was no time to repine. The indomitable spirit that thrilled through the veins of the impoverished, but not dismayed, citizens of Chicago filled his own breast, and he set about the work of restoration. The site of the new theatre was removed to Randolph street, and in about a year it was completed. It was christened "Hooley's Parlor House of Comedy " and opened with the Kiralfy company in the Black Crook. The occasion of the first representation was an ovation, the wit and fashion of the city thronging its seats, and its splendors were recounted in the columns of the city newspapers. Mr. Hooley engaged the best stock company that had ever played in the West ; he became noted for mounting and setting the best comedies and reigning farces of the day. He secured the best histrionic talent of the country, and introduced, one after another, all the bright and particular stars of the profession. The house has been remodeled twice, and remains today not the most magnificent, but one of the best conducted and most popular places of amusement in the city. Its proprietor continned, although in advanced life,its manager until death claimed him. To the end he retained the respect of the community, a reputation unsullied by any taint of dishonor, and the love of the actors, whose gifts and talents he was ever fond of encouraging. With erect frame, quick, elastic step, and flowing beard, he was the impersonation of suavity and dignity.

The married life of Mr. and Mrs. Hooley was a happy one, four children having come to enliven and adorn the domestic circle. Of these Eosina, the eldest, and Richard, the youngest, have been, called away by death. Two charming daughters, Misses Grace and Mary Hooley, survive.

The family occupy a pleasant residence at No. 17 Delaware Place, where is dispensed a hospitality as generous as the list of gifted gentlemen and ladies of the stage who share it is long.

AVhile this sketch was being prepared Mr. Hooley was stricken with an affection which, though distressing, was not thought to be fatal. It, however, baffled the skill of physicians ; and, becoming more serious, cul short his eventful life on the eighth of September, 1893.

Herman D. Cable

Herman D. Cable, son of Silas and Mary Cable, was bora in Walton, Delaware county, New York, on the first day of June, 1849. His parents were natives of Connecticut, and descendants of the early settlers of New England. Both families moved to New York State, where the paternal grandfather of our subject was one of the earliest settlers of Delaware county, and his maternal grandfather built the first grist mill in the county, which enterprise was highly appreciated by the farmers of the surrounding country, as is attested in the " History of Delaware County," written and published by the late Jay Gould, who was also a native of that county.

This work, of which Mr. Cable owns a copy, is, owing to the fact of the prominence of the author and publisher, and to his earnest endeavor to suppress the entire edition, exceedingly rare, and has, on that account, a considerable pecuniary value. Mr. Cable's father was engaged in both agricultural and commercial business, and bore an enviable reputation for the highest integrity.

Mr. Cable's first school days were passed at a country district school, and at an early age he entered the academy of his native town, and later attended the Delaware Literary Institute at Franklin, New York.

then, feeling a desire for direct contact with the business world, went to New York City, where he entered the employ of the great book publishing house of A. S. Barnes and Co. At first he was engaged as correspondence clerk, and later lie represented the interests of the house on the road. By strict attention and steady application to his work, he soon gained the entire confidence of his employers, and they trusting implicitly in his adaptability and faithfulness, and the excellence of his judgment, in 1870 he became connected with their branch house in Chicago.

In this position he remained for ten years, and his success in it was highly gratifying to his employers and himself. But, seeing that a much greater success was to be gained in a manufacturing business, he resigned in 1880 and organized the Chicago Cottage Organ Company. The beginning of this company was small, but it has since been constantly growing, and now the enterprise is capitalized for $1,000,000. Mr. Cable at first assumed the position of treasurer, but did not remain in that office long, for he was soon elected president, which post he has since occupied guiding the company on to its unparalleled success.

League Club of Chicago. Politically, he is a Eepublican, but takes no further interest in politics than the casting of his vote for that party which, in his judgment, will best serve the interests of the public.

In 1883, Mr. Cable was united in marriage to Miss Alice A. Hutchins, of Chicago, a daughter of one of our well known physicians, and three children have blessed the union, and add much to the brightness of their beautiful home at Evanston.

As a man and a citizen, none stand higher in the community than does H. D. Cable. In every public enterprise he is a staunch worker and a liberal contributor, and in private charity no deserving appeal is addressed to him in vain. His success in the business world has been remarkable, and can only be fairly judged when it is known that the Chicago Cottage Organ company, of which Mr. Cable is president, has, within a decade, become the largest and most influential manufacturer of high-grade pianos and organs in the world. A more notable illustration of the exercise of American energy, ability, integrity and superior skill has never been known than that exhibited by this enormous Piano and Organ company, which has achieved an international reputation, and by its able management, and steady development, has secured to Chicago the undoubted supremacy as regards the manufacture of a superior grade of pianos and organs.

Cyrus H. Mccormick, Jr

He was born in Washington, D. C., May 16, 1859, where his father and mother were staying temporarily in connection with patent interests. His father was the inventor of the famous reaper bearing the name which has become a household word wherever grain is grown. The earliest years of his life were spent in New York and Europe, but at the time of the great fire in 1871 his father's family returned to Chicago permanently, and Cyrus was placed in the public school. From the Brown school, on the west side, he entered the Central high school, and after three years of steady work graduated with first honors in a class of sixty-five pupils, and went to Princeton college, becoming a member of the class of 1879. After graduation he immediately entered the field and the workshops of the McCormick company, to familiarize himself as much as possible with the details of the business, and he continued this experience until May, 1884, when, upon his father's death, he was elected President of the McCormick Harvesting Machine company, a position which he has ever since held. This company makes and sells annually more harvesting machines than any other manufacturer in the world.

Mr. McCormick, as the representative of large financial interests, has for several years been a director of the Merchants' Loan and Trust company. He is a trustee of Lake Forest university and of Princeton university, having been elected to fill the latter position in 1889. He is a trustee of the Mc- Cormick Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian church ; and as vice-president of the Young Men's Christian Association of Chicago he assisted in the work of securing the new building which has recently been provided for the association by the liberality of Chicago's business men. He was also a director of the World's Columbian Exposition during the first year of its existence.

On the 5th of March, 1889, he was married to Miss Harriet Bradley Hammond, at the little church of St. Mary's-by-the-Sea, Monterey, California. They have two children, Cyrus and Elizabeth. During the summer of 1889 Mr. McCormick combined business with pleasure and visited the Paris Exposition in the interests of his company. He was decorated by the President of the French Republic as " Officer of the Merite Agricole" an honor rarely conferred upon a foreigner.

John Ira Bennett, Ll. D.

The late John I. Bennett was for thirtyfive years an active member of the Illinois State bar, and for the last twenty years of that period of the bar of Chicago, among whose distinguished members, by his learning, industry, ability and character he held a high rank, while he was no less valued in the community as a liberal-minded and enterprising citizen.

He was a native of New York, born in Otsego county, November 27, 1831. His parents were John B. and Lydia (Birdsall) Bennett. They were both of Quaker parentage, and much of the early life of the son was passed with his grand-parents at Quaker Hill, Delaware county, where, in the association with people of this simple and pious sect, he imbibed much of their spirit, and learned to cherish their virtues. When the lad was twelve years old the family emigrated to Knox county, Illinois, making the long journey with an ox team. After three years in the West, probably disheartened by sickness, they returned to Delaware county, and resumed their former manner of life. His father was a farmer, who also operated a saw mill, in which the son, after he had reached an age and acquired a physical development to make him useful also worked. Whileatwork at the saw mill, engaged in sawing out a bill of lumber for an academy that was being built at Charlotte, he made the acquaintance of Reverend Sanford I. Ferguson, who was to be principal of the institution, and who observed in the boy the latent signs of a liberal mind and exalted character. Obtaining a promise from his father that he would allow him to attend the academy, he doubtless changed his destiny from a toiler on the rough frontier to a professional life. At the age of eighteen years he forsook the farm and saw mill and took up a scholastic life at Charlotte Academy. He must have shown remarkable aptness, for within a little more than a year from his entrance he had become an assistant teacher, and thenceforth, while pursuing his own preparatory studies, earned his way by services in the class room. He made rapid progress, and in two years he was examined for entrance into Union College, at Schenectady, New York, and was admitted to the sophomore class. Three years were passed at that institution, which was then under the charge of the distinguished president, Doctor Eliphalet Nott, and enjoyed a reputation inferior to that of no other college in the land for sending out practical as well as thoroughly instructed men. The money to defray his college expenses was borrowed upon his own note, and was repaid out of the first earnings that he received. He graduated in 1854 with high honors having been awarded the Latin salutatory and receiving the reward accorded to those who stand in the upper third of the class roll, of election to the honorary Phi Beta Kappa society. Immediately after graduation he sought employment in the South as a teacher, and became principal of Liberty Academy at Springfield, Tennessee. This was a prominent institution, having on its roll young men from all parts of the South. But however competent he was for the teacher's vocation, he took it up only as a means of discharging the pecuniary obligation incurred in obtaining an education, and as a steppingstone to the law, to which he aspired as his permanent calling.

Obtaining elementary law books, he took up a course of private reading, and at the close of his three years' engagement presented himself for examination and was admitted to the Tennessee bar.

In the meantime, he renewed a former acquaintance with another school teacher, Miss Maria E. Reynolds, of Delaware county, New York, who, like himself, had gone into the South as a teacher. They were married at Henderson, Kentucky, in the summer of 1855.

Having closed his school employment in June, 1857, lie came to Illinois, led here, no doubt, by the remembrance of his short residence while a youth. The outward circumstances of his career were almost identical with those of Hon. Lyman Trumbull who, a few years before, had come from a school room in the South, to take up the practice of the law in southern Illinois.

Mr. Bennett settled at Galva, Henry county, where, having been admitted to the Illinois bar, he took up practice, and remained for fifteen years. He was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the United States in 1865.

During these years his leading ambition was in the line of his profession, in which his industry and talents gave him rapid promotion and brought him a wide clientage. But he also entered into public life and devoted much time to the promotion of education, and also became proprietor of a newspaper, the Galva Union, which he conducted for three years. The times became stirring with the agitation of the political questions which arose as the hydra of secession was raising its bloody head, and Mr. Bennett did not conceal his patriotic sentiments. He became an active worker in all measures calculated to strengthen the Union sentiment and uphold the government in its life and death struggle with armed treason. Unfortunately, during 1860 he was prostrated by an attack of typhoid fever, which was so serious that his life was despaired of, and the disease left him with health seriously impaired. He, however, accepted an appointment upon the military stall of the war Governor, Richard Yates, with the rank of colonel. He devoted much time to recruiting and otherwise aiding in the war preparations, for which he neither asked or received any compensation.

In the campaign of 1864 Mr. Bennett was nominated as a presidential elector for the Fifth congressional district of Illinois, and stumped the district in behalf of the re-election of Abraham Lincoln, and, upon the

Mr. Bennett was nominated as a'candidate for circuit judge of the district composed of Henry and Rush counties. He carried the former by over 1,000 majority, but was dedefeated by a small margin in consequence of failing to carry Rush county. During his fifteen years' residence in Henry Mr. Bennett had a large law practice in that and adjoining counties. It was of a promiscuous character, as a law practice in the country is apt to be. He was the attorney of the Bishop Hill company, a colony of people from Sweden, that settled in the vicinity and became involved in serious litigation over their land titles, and through dissensions among themsehes. These were in the courts, in one form or another, for twenty years, and raised many interesting and complicated questions, in which Mr. Bennett's contentions were nearly always sustained by the courts. Other important litigations which he conducted grew out of the failure of the Great Western Telegraph Company, in which a great number of farmers and other citizens had been induced to take stock, and against whom large claims of creditors of the corporation, which had been grossly mismanaged, were made.

Mr. Bennett removed to Chicago in May, 1S72, and took up his residence at Hyde Park, then a separate municipality, which has since been absorbed in the city of Chicago. While residing there he had his law office and business headquarters in the central part of the great city. Here he gave special attention to equity law, in the principles of which he was thoroughly read, and in the application of which he took great interest. He was the attorney of the Republic Life Insurance Company, and also of the National Life Insurance Company, which were finally consolidated.

In 1879 be was appointed a master in chancery of the United States courts of the northern district of Illinois. This judicial office brought before him many difficult questions of equity jurisdiction. Among them were the litigations concerning the Galesburg water works, involving a long examination of complicated accounts. His report in the case was regarded by the bar as a model of lucid exposition of equitable principles.

During his years of practice Mr. Bennett added to the literature of the profession a treatise on the law of Us pendens which has become a text book on that, important branch of jurisprudence. The briefs which he prepared during the course of his long practice, bound together, make many large volumes.

Mr. Bennett's legal attainments were rather of a solid than showy character. He was thoroughly grounded in elementary principles, and possessed of a flue discrimination in the application of legal precedents. While he was a fluent speaker, his style was argumentative and noticeable for purity and accurate use of words. He was a thorough scholar, not only in the learning of the law, but in general literature. Unlike many, he did not abandon his classical studies when he left college, but was able to teach his sons Latin and Greek as they grew up. He sometimes wrote for the press upon subjects of public interest, and his response to the questions put to him by the silver commission of 1876 showed his great research and thorough knowledge of financial subjects. In recognition of his attainments Union college, his Alma Mater, conferred upon him in 18S6her highest degree, that of LL. D.

In early life he connected himself with the Congregational church, but on coming to Hyde Park, finding no church of that order in the vicinity, he united with the Presbyterian church. Afterwards he joined in the organization at South Park, now the University Congregational church, of which he was a trustee, and always an active and devoted member.

In personal appearance Mr. Bennett was of medium height, with a stout, robust frame, weighing about two hundred pounds. He was very active in his habits, and a tireless worker. He was enthusiastic in whatever engaged his attention, and took great interest in the friends and attachments of his early life. He had great confidence in the growth and prosperity of Chicago, and was a large property holder, thus sharing in the common increase of values.

For two years before his death his health had failed, and, his strength wasting under Bright's disease, his death occurred December 12, 1892. His college mate and lifelong friend, Kev. Dr. Frothingham, officiated at his funeral, and gave a touching and appreciative narrative of his life and tribute to his character.

Mrs. Bennett, with seven children, survived her husband. The only daughter is Mrs. Walter C. Nelson. The sons are Frank L, Fred P., Alden L., George R., John I., Jr. and William L. Bennett.

Eev. Alden L. Bennett, a clergyman of the Episcopal church, resides at Waltham, Massachusetts. The others are residents of Hyde Park, now Chicago.

William Bristol Keep

W. B. Keep, a member of the Chicago bar, is by birth, nurture and education a sou of the West. His ancestry runs back to the very beginning of New England, and is of the genuine Pilgrim stock. The American progenitor of the family was John Keep, a settler in the town of Springfield, Massachusetts, in ICfiO, where he was married, on the Slstof December, 1663, to Sarah Leonard. About his history hangs one of the dark tragedies of the frontier. He was a selectman of the town, and resided at the Long Meadow, some miles from the settlement. It was during the second King .Philip's war that the settlers in this hamlet passed the winter of 1676 in a state of practical imprisonment, for feai- of skulking Indians. On the 2nd of March the selectman, with his family, ventured to go to the village to attend church, accompanied by a guard. On their way they were attacked by eight Indians, and the cowardly guard fleeing at the first fire, the father, his wife and youngest son were killed, and several of the party were wounded. His only remaining son, Samuel, then six years old, escaped, and, in 1696 marrying Sarah Colton, had twelve children, from whom the Keeps trace their descent. A branch of the family passed into New York when that region was an outpost of civilization.

Brigadier General Martin Keep, the grandfather of Mr. Keep of Chicago, was a prominent character in western New York during the latter part of the last century. His son, Judge John M. Keep, was a graduate of Hamilton College, New York, became a lawyer, and settled in Wisconsin about 1840, rising to a high position at the bar, and being elected a circuit judge, in which capacity he obtained great distinction as a learned and able expounder of the law. His wife was Cornelia A. Keynolds, belonging to a prominent family of western New York. From this union was born at Beloit, Wisconsin, on the 13th of March, 1852, William B. Keep. His early life was passed in the village where he was born, which had an unusually literary and refined social atmosphere, imparted largely by the literary institution which its New England founders had planted there at an early period in its history. His childhood and youth were devoted to studies appropriate to his age, culminating in a classical course at Beloit college, from which he graduated in 1873.

father's profession does not prove the inheritance of his intellectual qualities, but it shows that the influences that surrounded him inspired a respect for its labors and an ambition to secure its rewards and honors. Young Keep decided to follow the law, and going to Omaha spent a year in dilligent reading of the elementary authors. He then came to Chicago and entered the office of Messrs. Beckwith, Ayer and Kales, where he continued his reading, while gaining the routine of office work. Among the brilliant members of the Chicago bar, he could have fallen into no association better calculated to inspire him with a high ideal of the legal profession. The firm was at that period among the ablest at the bar. Their line of practice was largely in aid of large railroad corporations, where the student was led to study the abstruse legal principles that regulate the rights and obligations of that class of corporations. It is a department of the law which the old lawyers had little occasion to investigate. Their work brought them into contact with titles, and commercial and mercantile law, and familiarized them with successions, and in the case of the more gifted, with equity rules and chancery jurisdiction. The last half century has brought into being the great railway corporations, with their far reaching connections and intricate relations, and has developed a class of lawyers learned in the principles that govern these corporations in respect to their organization, acquisition of rights, ownership of interests, rights and duties as common carriers, and responsibilities to armies of employes, and to the general public. It was in an office actively concerned in this branch of the law that Mr. Keep learned the rights and obligations of corporations, and quaified himself to enter into this line of practice. He was admitted to the bar, on examination and approval by the supreme court at Ottawa, in 1875. After his admission he remained with his preceptors for a time, and then opened an office for himself. For three or four years he gave his attention to such cases as

His superior qualifications for this branch of legal practice were recognized in 188U, by his being retained by the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railway company as its assistant local attorney, in subordination to Mr. C. D. Royer. Three years later he became the general attorney of the Chicago and North-Western railway company. During the eight years that he represented this great corporation his labors were onerous and the results entirely satisfactory to the company, and added lustre to his own reputation. The corporation was continually involved in claims for damages for personal injuries. Mr. Keep was constantly engaged in the trial of such cases before juries, not only in Chicago but throughout the northwestern States which the lines of that great trunk line penetrated. The representative of a corporation goes before a jury which is almost unconsciously prejudiced against his client. To succeed argues the possession of unusual tact, as well as accurate learning. Mr. Keep was unusually successful, but when defeat followed his best effort, he so brought out the legal questions involved, as to enable him, in meritorious cases, to obtain justice for his client in the appellate courts. In the number of personal injury cases which he tried during ten years, his probably leads the record of practitioners at the Chicago bar.

in 1891 he became counsel for the western department of the American Casualty Insurance and Security company, a corporation having large interests in the western country.

About this time he formed a partnership with Mr. Frank 0. Lowden, and opened in the "Temple" an office, which is one of the busiest in the great city. While declining no advantageous retainer, the business of the firm is largely in connection with corporations, for which it has special preparation and in the conduct of which it meets with gratifying success,

One of Mr. Keep's cases, in which he established his contention upon an exceedingly subtle point in the appellate court, after a defeat before one of the most learned judges at Nisi Prius, is reported in 5 Bradwell 281, under the title of Lawrence vs. Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. Action had been brought by his client upon policies of insurance upon the life of a decedent, amounting to $12,000. Death had been occasioned by an over dose of morphine, administered by himself upon advice of a druggist, to allay abdominal pain. The company resisted payment, interposing a clause in the policy, "that it is hereby declared and agreed that the self destruction of the person, whethervoluntary or involuntary, and whether he be sane or insane at the time, is not a risk assumed by the company in this contract." At the trial the presiding judge had rejected the testimony offered as to the cause of death, as irrelevant, and ordered judgment for the defendant. The precedents, so far as they were applicable, seemed to justify this decision. But in such cases nice discriminations come to the mind of astute counsel who understand the1 state of the law and the facts of their own case. The appeal was elaborately argued by Mr. Keep, and the court sustained his contention, holding " that in the case of a sane person where there is an absence both of intention and negligence, the death of the insured must be regarded as accidental, and not within the provisions of the policy against self destruction ; that the question of negligence of the insured was for the jury."

While Mr. Keep's residence in Chicago, now but one year short of twenty, has been replete with engrossing professional employment, which has placed him in the front rank of practicing lawyers, he has found time to devote to society, and the cultivation of literature and art, which his liberal training fits him both to enjoy and appreciate. He is a member of many of the social organizations of Chicago, as well as of the Manhattan and Players' clubs of New York, and

The cross, and the emblems of the Catholic church, were first exhibited on the spot where the city of Chicago now stands more than two hundred years ago. Father Marquette, in his journeying through the American wilderness, had offered the Catholic faith to the savages, and the bold and self-denying missionaries of the church who followed him, from time to time, had performed the sacred rites for the benefit of voyageurs and travelers on the spot,but no permanent lodgment of the church was effected until the beginnings of a settlement were made in 1833. In that year Father St. Cyr, a French priest from St. Louis, organized a society, and built the first rude church near the south-west corner of Lake and State streets, at which not only the few European and half breed settlers of the place, but the Catholic Indians as well, assisted in the holy sacrifice of the mass.

Thenceforth, the Catholic church kept abreast of the growth of both city and state. It had attained such strength and maturity by 1880 that the Metropolitan See of Chicago was erected, having under its jurisdiction all the State of Illinois. It numbered about two hundred and sixty thousand communicants, with one hundred and sixty churches, served by one hundred and eighty priests.

On the tenth of September, 1880, Bishop Feehan was chosen to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of Right Reverend Thomas Foley,D. D., administrator of the See.

Patrick Augustine Feehan was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, August 29, 1829. He is a son of Patrick and Judith (Cooney) Feehan. His early education was entrusted to the best teachers. At the age of sixteen years he was sent to the college at Castle Knock, and two years later to St. Patrick's college, Mayuooth, where he showed himself a diligent and proficient student.

On the first of November, 1852, he was ordained a priest, and engaged in teaching in the ecclesiastical seminary, St. Louis, and preached in the cathedral alternately with Bishop Kenrick and two young priests.

In July, 1853, he was appointed assistant pastor of St. John's church, St. Louis, Missouri. Soon after assuming his duties at St. Louis the city was visited with an epidemic of cholera, which called forth all the courage and self sacrifice of the devoted priest. Day and night he ministered to the sick and offered the consolations of religion to the dying, and often prepared the dead for burial after they had been deserted by relatives and friends. It has been his lot to pass through several fearful epidemics of cholera and yellow fever, which have always been met with the same unfaltering courage and unquestioning devotion. On one of these occasions, twenty-three priests fell victims to the dreadful scourge.

In July, 1854, Father Feehan was appointed president of the ecclesiastical Seminary at St. , Louis, which office he filled for four years, when he received the appointment of pastor of St Michael's church, and after a year was promoted to the pastorate of the church of the Immaculate Conception in St. Louis, which he filled until called to the Bishopric of Nashville, Tennessee.

His consecration occurred on the first of November, 1865. The early years were filled with labor, both in promoting the spiritual welfare of the people, and in putting in order the business interests of the Catholic institutions, which had become sadly deranged. Under his devoted and assiduous superintendence new life was infused into the Catholic people, and order was restored to the affairs of the diocese. Fifteen years passed while the bishop was engaged in cease- less efforts to' strengthen Catholicism in his jurisdiction, and with the happiest results. During these years he participated in the General Plenary Council held at Baltimore in I860, and was summoned to Rome to a General Council at the Vatican.

A few years before Bishop Feehan became metropolitan at Chicago, the Catholic institutions had nearly all been swept away in the great fire. Churches and schools, orphanages and asylums shared the fate which overtook sacred and secular institutions alike. The situation demanded great energy in action, and wisdom in administration. With surprising rapidity the ravages of the conflagration were effaced by the erection of more numerous and better equipped buildings. During the first five years of his administration forty churches were erected in Chicago, new parochial schools were built and old ones enlarged, so that over fifty thousand children were educated in them. Among the charities that rapidly arose to extend their protecting wings over the unfortunate and friendless were homes for the aged, hospitals, houses of providence for young women, orphan and foundling asylums, schools for deaf mutes and industrial training schools. The financial interests of all these multiplied enterprises were directed with prudence and discretion as is befitting an archdiocese that is among the richest in the United States in its ecclesiastical endowments.

The stately edifices that have arisen through the munificence of the Catholics of Chicago, mark in material forms of majesty and beauty the graces of spiritual life which the Catholic faith, by God's blessing and the wise guidance of prelate and pastors, has instilled into the lives of the people.

Catholic interests in other parts of the wide jurisdiction have not been neglected. The Catholic people, who, at the advent of the present archbishop, numbered less than half a million souls, have become nearly a million in number, while their ability to maintain their faith and worship has increased in a much larger ratio.

It is a testimonial to the unity and stability of the Catholic church, as exemplified nowhere in more marked degree than in the archdiocese of Chicago, that while other Christian sects have been tossed and rent with storms of controversy, peace and order reign placid and unruffled in her borders.

Alfred Ennis

The man whose brief memoir is given in the following pages is well known to the bar, not only of the West, but throughout the United States, as a careful, painstaking, conscientious and profound lawyer, a thorough scholar, and a dignified, accomplished and unassuming gentleman. Retained at one time and another as general or special counsel for some of the great corporations of the country, he has become more or less a familiar dgure in the courts in many of the principal cities of the nation, as well as the highest federal tribunal - the United States Supreme Court.

They were among the early settlers of Morgan county, in central Indiana, where they owned and cultivated a farm, about eight miles from the county seat. They were exemplary members of the Methodist church, and highly respected because of their sterling traits of charaeter.

Alfred Ennis was born on June 24th, 1837, being the oldest of three sons, his brothers being named Gainford Forrest and James Paris. Naturally the task of assisting his father in the farm work chiefly devolved upon the eldest son, and well did he perform this filial, although laborious, duty. The work was hard, and engrossed so much of his time that until he had attained the age of eighteen years his educational advantages had been confined to an attendance, more or less desultory, upon the district school nearest his home. Only during the winter months did he enjoy even this scant privilege, although, such was his thirst for learning, he not infrequently devoted to study the evening which followed a long day of toil during the other months of the year. Even while a boy he showed himself to be ambitious and resourceful, and displayed those qualities of integrity, industry, energy and perseverance which have marked his career in later years.

Little by little, he saved money, through extra work, and, in the autumn of 1855, he entered himself as student for a course at Franklin college, Indiana. The scantiness of his resources rendered necessary the practice of the most rigid economy, but this he found no hardship, having fixed his eye upon a definite goal, which he was determined to reach. At the end of the first term he found his slender means exhausted and, returning home, meantime keeping up his collegiate studies, he secured the position of teacher in the same district where he had, as a boy, acquired the rudiments of knowledge. Among his pupils were many of his former associates and acquaintances, not a few of whom were both older and larger than himself. This first venture of his in the educational field proved a gratifying success. The compensation of district school teachers in Indiana at that time, however, was far from munificent. Nevertheless, such as it was, he managed to save sufficient funds to enable him to continue his collegiate course, which he supplemented by systematic self-education. At the end of his brief collegiate course, he again returned home, and once more engaged in farm labor, still devoting every spare hour to study, and teaching school during the winter months.

By the time that he had reached his majority, his sterling worth, together with the superiority of his education, as contrasted with that of other young men of his age in the community, had earned for him an enviable position in the county of his birth. In the summer of 1858 Messrs. Parks & Hite, the largest and wealthiest mercantile firm at Martinsville, the county seat of Morgan county, tendered him the position of salesman in their establishment. This offer he accepted, an8 remained in their employ until 1859, when the death of his father rendered it necessary for him to return home to take charge of the settlement of the paternal estate. It is worth while to mention, in this connection, that the members of the firm - Perminter M. Parks and Milton Hite - so thoroughly appreciated the fidelity and ability of young Mr. Ennis, as well as the intrinsic value of his services, that they ever afterwards remained his intimate personal friends.

His appointment as administrator of his father's estate necessitated a careful reading of the Indiana statutes, which resulted in instilling into his mind a strong desire to study law. So interested did he become in this enforced reading that he procured and read Blackstone's Commentaries while assisting his two brothers in the cultivation of the farm. He found the study fascinating in the extreme ; in consequence, when the heavy farm work of the season was over, he opened a private school, with a view to obtaining sufficient means to enable him to pursue the study of his chosen profession at a law school- in Indianapolis. At the close of the first term he matriculated at the law school of the Northwestern Ohristain University, in that city. He entered this school in the senior class, and graduated therefrom in the spring of 1860.

Immediately after graduating he returned to his native county and began practice. His wide acquaintance and his well-established reputation soon won for him a clientage larger than that ordinarily procured by young lawyers (in the West at that period. An interesting account of his first case, which was novel in character and absolutely without precedent, appeared in the February, 1883, issue of "The National Magazine."

"A swarm of bees, passing in the air, was followed by a man who succeeded in settling them in a tree on a neighbor's farm. Eetu ruing to his home to prepare a hive for the bees, he was anticipated by this neighbor, who took possession of the bees and refused to give them up. Kecourse was had to the law, and Mr. Ennis became counsel for the man who had discovered the honey-gatherers and by his arts succeeded in bringing them down to terra firma. An action of replevin was begun, Mr. Ennis as counsel for the plaintiff setting up the claim that although'the bees were ferce natures, when subdued and reclaimed they became the subject of qualified property and ownership. The pursuit and settling of the bees by his client constituted, he claimed, such reclamation and gave him the ownership. The court sustained the contention, his client was awarded the bees, and the case went on record as one of the most unique in western jurisprudence."

Encouraged by this success, the young lawyer began to hold himself at alittle higher rating than he had before. Studious, industrious, painstaking, and thoroughly systematic and upright in his method of doing business, Alfred Ennis rapidly grew into prominence and soon assumed a commanding position at the bar of Martinsville. His little sanctum was but poorly equipped in the matter of a library, inasmuch as his shelves contained few volumes beyond the Indiana statutes, Blackstone's Commentaries and Walker's American Law. When he needed to consult other authorities he found himself compelled to borrow the books or to consult them in the offices of brother practitioners.

The old and well established lawyers of Martinsville, when they first saw Mr. Ennis hang out his shingle to the breeze, were heard say, " one more man has come to town to starve." Still, the young man persevered. In 1861 he formed a non-resident law partnership with Hon. Samuel H. Buskirk, of Bloomington, Indiana, who afterwards became a judge of the supreme court of that State. This partnership continued about three years, and' before it terminated a warm and lasting friendship between the two men had been developed. In 1864 he associated himself in the practice of law with Hon. Cyrus F. McNutt, a man of the same age, a class-mate both at college and law school, and who afterwards became professor of law in the Indiana State University, and is now judge of the superior court at Terre Haute, Indiana. This partnership proved successful and lasted for over three years, when it was dissolved by mutual consent, the friendship of its members ever continuing.

It was about this time when his old employer and warm personal friend, Perminter M. Parks, died, making Mr. Ennis the principal executor of his will, the duties of which were to extend over a period of nine years, and involved large banking, mercantile and farming interests. The latter declined to accept the trust, responsible as it was and lucrative as it might have proved, preferring to devote his time exclusively to the general practice of his profession.

Perhaps, before proceeding further in detailing the events of Mr. Eiinis' life, it may be well to refer to his marriage, which occurred on November 29th, 1860. On that date he was united in wedlock with Miss Almarinda Baldridge, at Manchester, Indiana. His bride was a refined and highly cultured lady, whose acquaintance he had formed while attending law school. Her father was the late Rev. Daniel Baldridge, a pioneer minister who was eminent in the annals of the Christian church in Ohio. She herself was a faithful and devoted Christian, and, to her husband she proved herself a helpmate indeed, being at once industrious, economical, energetic and persevering. Perhaps this accession of responsibility rather stimulated Mr. Ennis to yet more earnest application. He wasto be found in his office early and late ; often he arose in the morning before daylight, and while his wife was preparing breakfast he would saw and split a supply of wood for the day. Going to his office, even before the sunlight made it possible to read, he would study and work by the feeble light of a lamp.

At this time Mr. Ennis, who has always been the embodiment of order, system and regularity in business, and who has a critically artistic taste, had the best arranged law offices and the largest law library in the place. Two years later (1869) he was engaged by some of his clients to represent their interest in foreign lands. Before going abroad, he was the recipient of many kind letters of introduction, commending hiirv to the favor of many prominent men. Among his sponsors were not a few cf the leading lawyers and public men of Indiana, of whom was the late Thomas A. Hendricks, whose letter is given in full below :

"Allow me to introduce Alfred Ennis, Esq., a prominent lawyer and most worthy gentleman of Morgan county, in this State. He visits Washington on his way to Europe, and will make a short stay. If you can make it pleasant for him, in any way, or aid him in any preparations for his journey, I shall be gratified.

After discharging his professional duties, Mr. Ennis devoted his time to recreation and travel. He stopped for some time in England. He attended sessions of the various courts in London, and saw their practical working under the common law and chancery forms of procedure. He visited Prance, where he thoroughly investigated the practical administration of justice under the civil law. He made an extended tour in Scotland and Ireland. At all points he took particular pains to inform himself with regard to the practical administration of the system of

Shortly after his return he formed the determination of removing to Topeka, Kan. This resolve gave to his townsmen a severe shock. They had supposed that he was anchored in their midst by his elegant residence and handsomely fitted office, no less than by a large and remunerative practice. But his previous visits to the West had impressed upon him the fact that Kansas was destined, at some time, to become one of the richest and greatest of American commonwealths. He removed to Topeka in the summer of 1871, and upon his arrival at once opened an office and immediately became recognized as one of the prominent corporation lawyers of theState.

His departure from his old home did not take place without some manifestation of the esteem in which he was held by his fellow townsmen. While on the platform of the railroad station, he was visited by a deputation from his brother members of the bar, who, after bidding him adieu, formally presented him with the following testimonial, which had been previously adopted at a meeting held during his absence and without his

" At a meeting of the members of the bar of Martinsville, Morgan county, Indiana, held at the office of Harrison & Shirley, on June 29, 1871, W. R. Harrison was appointed president and P. S. Parks chosen secretary.

" WHEREAS; Our friend and brother, Alfred Ennis, Esq., with whom we have been long and pleasantly associated, has resolved to leave us for another field of usefulness, in the capital of the distant State of Kansas; and,

" WHEREAS; Upon his departure, and upon this occasion, we deem it fitting to express our sentiments and feelings in regard to'his action herein; therefore, li Resolved, That in severing his connection with us, as a citizen as well as a member of the same profession, we can only express our unfeigned sorrow and regret.

" Resolved, That we cordially recommend Alfred Ennis, Esq., to the brethren of the bar and people generally in Kansas as an honest, able and industrious lawyer, a faithfui Viend, a valuable citizen and a Christian gen Milan.

li -milri'il, That a copy of these preambles and resolutions be given to Mr. Enuis and also to the "Morgan County Republican" and the "Morgan County Gazette," for publication.

The names of the signers of this complimentary, although richly deserved, testimonial are worthy of being specially noted. Mr. William R. Harrison, the president of the meeting, was the oldest lawyer in Martinsville and had been engaged in active practice for more than thirty years, being recognized as one of the most talented lawyers of the State. Mr. P. S. Parks, the secretary, was the eldest son of the late Perminter M. Parks, Mr. Ennis' former employer, a lawyer by profession, who later attained considerable distinction in Kansas through his ability and uprightness, and as a member of the constitutional convention.

Besides this testimonial Mr. Ennis carried with him, among many others, the following recommendation from the officers and other leading citizens of the county in which he had been born and reared.

We, the undersigned, county officers, and others, of Morgan county, Indiana, would respectfully recommend our fellow citizen, Alfred Ennis, Esq., to your confidence and respect as a gentleman of unblemished character, strict integrity, high moral principle, and of fine legal attainments and strict fidelity as an attorney at law.

"HiRAM T. CRAIG, Recorder. SALEM A. TILFORD, Auditor. J. R. SHELTON, Treasurer. JOHN HARDWICE, Clerk. WILLIAN M. KENNEDY, Sheriff. SAMUEL M. MITCHELL, Banker." He also carried with him laudatory letters from all the State officers of Indiana, and

While a practitioner in Kansas he was retained as counsel by the Missouri Pacific railway company, and also became a director in its system, as well as in other large corporations. He devoted especial attention to that branch of litigation growing out of default in the payment of municipal and other corporate obligations, his practice being largely in the federal courts and extending over half a dozen or more western States.

In the summer of 1880 Mr. Ennis, accompanied by his family, visited California. He carried with him many letters of introduction and commendation from prominent men, railway officials and railway companies, among which was the following from Hon. Albert H. Horton, then and now Chief Justice of the supreme court of Kansas:

SIR. - Pardon my addressing you without acquaintance, but as our townsman, Hon. Alfred Ennis, is about to visit your State, I desire to commend him to your confidence and attention. Mr. Ennis is one of the ablest lawyers in Kansas, is a gentleman of high character, and greatly esteemed by all acquainted with him. He has won distinction, especially in the litigation of railroad and other securities, and has an extensive practice in this and in adjoining States. Respectfully, ALBERT H. HORTON."

Hon. Silas W. Sanderson

San Francisco, California. SIR. - Permit me to introduce to you my friend, Hon. Alfred Ennis, of this city, who contemplates taking a tour of your country and city.

Mr. JEnnis is a gentleman of high character and an attorney of ability, whose reputation is untarnished. He has been, and is now connected as attorney and counselor with many of our railroad enterprises in Kansas.

Any courtesies you may be able to show him will be heartily appreciated by me, and by scores of his friends in Kansas and elsewhere. Yours truly,

Before leaving Topeka he had built up a business which was second to none in what was then the far West, having an extensive clientage throughout the United States, and many English-American investors committing their interests to his charge.

In 1882 professional business called him to Boston, and for more than twelve months he was a resident of that city, his son and daughters meantime availing themselves of the educational advantages afforded by that centre of learning.

In 1884= he came to Chicago to accept the position of general counsel of Pullman's Palace Car Company. His appointment to this responsible post was commended by such men as A. L. Williams, John P. Dillon, H. L. Terrell, C.R. Bissell, George 0. Manchester, S. D. Loriug, Charles A. Rogers and Dumont Clark. Mr. Williams, at the time counsel for the Union Pacific railroad company, said:

"Alfred Ennis is a first-class lawyer, and as counsel for corporations is invaluable. I have frequently been associated with and more frequently opposed to him, in large corporation cases, and I know few men more valuable as an associate, or more formidable as an adversary."

Having accepted this position, Mr. Ennis moved his family to Chicago, where he has since resided. At the time (1884) he had four children - an only son, Walter B., and three daughters, Lillie A., Luna May and Alma Viola.

As general counsel for the Pullman company, Mr. Ennis conducted the business of the department for five years, achieving distinguished success. During this time he successfully handled a business aggregating many millions of dollars, which included many thousand miscellaneous and contested matters, including many hundred lawsuits throughout the United States, Canada and Mexico. He severed his connection with the corporation about the end of the year 1888, with a view to resuming private practice, into which he desired to induct his son, a young man of high character and fine ability, who was then about to be admitted to the bar. The Pullman company parted with him with expressions of sincere regret, he retaining the highest respect and esteem, not only of the officers, but also of all others connected with the corporation.

His fond parental hopes received a hard blow in 1890, when his only son. whom he had hoped to make his partner, sickened and died in the very prime of young manhood. Notwithstanding this disappointment, Mr. Ennis has continued in active practice, winning substantial recognition of his fine legal attainments, his fidelity to professional duties, and his careful conservation of all interests entrusted to his care.

While a Democrat in politics he has always contented himself with a simple adherence to the doctrines of Thomas Jefferson, always declining to permit active political work to interfere with professional duties.

He is an honored member of the American Bar Association, the National Bar Association, the Illinois Bar Association, and the Chicago Bar Association. He is also a Mason of high degree, having been favored by receiving the Scottish Rite degrees; besides this he belongs to several leading clubs and social organizations. He has traveled extensively, and is well informed; but his accumulated professional duties prevent him from taking that part in social enjoyment for which he is pre-eminently fitted. His home is a centre of culture, and always an attractive resort for people of education and refinement. Of his three daughters, one has married the son of the Rev. Dr. Lorimer, the eminent Baptist clergyman, now of Boston.

David Spencer Wegg

In the allotments of human life, few attain to eminent positions. It is a curious and interesting study to note how opportunity waits on fitness and capacity, so that all at last fill the places for which they are best qualified. In the legal profession there is no " royal road " to promotion. Its high rewards are gained by diligent study,and long and tedious attention to elementary principles, and are awarded only to those who develop, in the arena of forensic strife, characters of integrity and moral worth. We all fall into the niches in the elaborate edifice of life that we are best qualified to fill. However marvelously "natural selection" may work in the production of species, there is a wondrous selection in the sifting out of the fittest from the mass of common material that crowds all the avenues of the law. In that most difficult and perplexing profession, the very occupation of superior position argues for its possessor solid ability, signal skill, sound learning, untiring industry and uncompromising integrity. Such thoughts spontaneously occur as we contemplate the career of a successful and eminent lawyer, such as that of the one who is the subject of present contemplation. He has risen from the workshop of a mechanic by his own unaided exertions, through capacity and merit, to a high position at the bar, and to the management of 'a great public enterprise.

Mr, Wegg is a native of the Province of Ontario, having been born on the 16th of December, 1847, at the village of St Thomas. His parents, John W. and Jerusha (Duncombe) Wegg, were of English lineage. His mother's family - the Duncombes - traces its descent from Sir Charles Duncombe (Lord Feversham), who came to America in 1730. They were among the early and leading settlers in Canada; professional men, prominent both in a scholarly and political way; representative of the advanced views of the liberal party; active in the establishment of the educational system, and prominent in reforming banking and currency. The ancestors of his father, who was born in Norfolk, England, were mainly engaged in mechanical pursuits, architects and artisans, but among them was an admiral in the English navy ind a representative of the Crown on the Island of Trinidad.