Chicago City (part 54 of 57)

Mercy Hospital. Mercy Hospital deservedly stands first in the list of those which our limits permit us to mention. It merits priority as to the date of its organization and also by reason of the successful manner in which it has been developed from feeble beginnings to its present magnificent proportion. The first movement for the organization of a pubHc hospital in Chicago originated with Dr. Evans, then a professor in Rush Medical College. In connection with some of his associates he procured a charter granting the power tc organize a board, of trustees and create a public hospital to be named the Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes. The trustees named in the act of incorporation were John Evans, Mark Skinner and Hugh Dickey. The matter remained dormant two years, when a movement was successfully made in 1850 for its development. Dr. Nathan S. Davis, now transferred to the chair of principles and practice of medicine in Rush Medical College, gave a series of lectures, the proceeds of which were to be devoted to this purpose. A number of small donations from private individuals was added to this sum. and furnished the means for beginning a hospital in a small way. The glory of the old "Lake House" had long since departed, and a portion of it was leased for hospital purposes, and in the fall of 1850, equipped with twelve beds and a medical staff consisting of Drs. Brainard as surgeon and N. S. Davis as physician, the first public hospital in Chicago was opened for the reception of patients. The citizens of Chicago having failed to meet the expenses necessary for its permanent support during the following year, its control was transferred to the Sisters of Mercy, and in 1852 its name was changed to Mercy Hospital. Its accommodations were immediately enlarged, and by agreement at the time of transfer, facilities for clinical instruction were secured to the college, in return for which free medical and surgical attendance by members of the faculty were secured to the hospital. After three years of successful experiment, the Sisters of Mercy transferred the hospital to premises under their control situated on Wabash avenue, near Van Buren street. Here it remained for about ten years, when a further enlargement of its quarters became necessary. It had now acquired a valuable property, securinp- the south half of the block bounded by Prairie, Calumet, Twenty-fifth "and Twenty-sixth streets. For a number of years a portion of this ground was leased to the Chicago Aledical College. Upon the expiration of that lease it covered nearly the whole of its ground with its present extensive buildings, in which it provides three hundred beds.

Cook County Hospital. When the sanitary condition of the city passed under the control of the county commissioners it became necessary to provide hospital care for those who were a public charge, and especially those suffering from contagious diseases. Until the year 1849, this work had been but imperfectly accomplished. During that y^ar a severe epidemic of cholera prevailed and another followed in 1854. It was evident that provision for a permanent public hospital could no longer be delayed, and to further its construction, the sum of $80,000 was appropriated by the city, and the first county hospital was erected at the corner of Arnold and Eighteenth streets. For some time after the disappearance of the cholera scourge it ceased to be occupied by patients and was finally utilized by the United States government as an eye and ear infirmary for the treatment of the United States soldiers. In 1866, Dr. George K. Ammerman, then a member of the board of supervisors, seconded by the aid of his successor. Dr. J. P. Ross, induced the board to assume the control of the building as a county institution, in which the sick who were the legitimate charge of the county should be cared for, and it became the Cook County Hospital. It was duly organized as the County Hospital in 1866, and the following is the list of the first medical and surgical staff:

When the building of the Rush Medical College was destroyed by fire, the lectures for four successive years were given in the ampitheater of the hospital and in temporary structures on the same grounds. In 1874, the county commissioners determined upon a permanent location for a hospital commensurate with the need of the rapidly growing city. It purchased the entire block bounded by Harrison, Polk, Lincoln and Wood streets, at a cost of $145,000, and upon this location they have built the present magnificent structures; the first two pavilions were constructed in 1875. In 1875 these were connected by a corridor and surgical ampitheater. In 1882 the institution was greatly enlarged by the addition of two more pavilions and an administration building. The cost of construction at this date (1907) exceeds one million dollars.

AuGUSTANA Hospital. The Augustana Hospital was incorporated by the Swedish Lutheran church in 1882. It has always been located on Cleveland and Lincoln avenues. Until 1893 it occupied a wooden house containing eiglitecn beds. At tliis time the south half of the present structure was completed, providing accommodations for one hundred and twenty-five patients. This capacity was again increased in 1904, to two hundred and twenty beds, which are constantly full. The hospital consists of a thoroughly modern, absolutely fireproof structure, built entirely of stone, brick, steel and tile. The building is six stories in height, so placed that every room and ward is exposed to the sunlight during some portion of the day. The first floor contains the office, waiting room, examining room, a large laboratory and a library, as well as the rooms for the matron and the resident staff. The second and third stories contain wards for one hundred and sixty beds, and the fourth and fifth stories contain fifty private rooms. The top story is divided into three departments; first, operating and dressing rooms; second, obstetrical department ; third, kitchen and dining room. The medical staff is organized on the German University Hospital plan, with one chief at the head of each department. The following physicians and surgeons comprise the staff:

Wesley Hospital. The project of a Chicago Methodist hospital had previously been discussed, but to Drs. I. N. Dan forth and M. P. Hatfield belong the credit of its existence. In the fall of 1888, in connection with a few of his personal friends. Dr. Dan forth issued a call for a meeting of representative IMethodists to consider the project. The meeting was held in the Sherman House on the

- On September 29, 1888, the legal organization of Welsey Hospital was completed, its first board of trustees elected and sufficient money pledged to begin hospital work in four rooms generously tendered by the Methodist Deaconesses Training School then located on Ohio and Dearborn streets. The first patient received in Wesley Hospital was on Thanksgiving Day, 1888. Its first staff was composed of Drs. I. N. Danforth, Charles W. Earle and M. P. Hatfield; its earliest superintendent Rev. J. S. Meyer, and its nursing was at first exclusively in the hands of the Methodist deaconesses.

As its work soon outgrew the possibilities of the deaconesses' rooms, a three-story building (335 E. Ohio street) was leased and shortly after an adjoining house was found necessary to accommodate the rapidly increasing number of patients.

In less than two years the two buildings became inadequate, and in April, 1890, Mr. William Deering presented the hospital with its present location. Twenty-fifth and Dearborn streets. A temporary brick, at a cost of $8,000, was erected thereon, and nurses and patients moved to the south side early in 189 1.

Under the efficient management of Supt. J. S. Harvey, Wesley Hospital outgrew its quarters, and R.* D. Sheppard, William Deering, N. W. Harris, G. T. Swift. and J. B. Hobbs undertook the task of providing a hospital building commensurate with the needs of Methodism and the Northwestern University Medical School.

The result is the present rhagnificent fireproof structure of brick and steel, erected at a cost of $300,000, caring comfortably for two hundred patients. The hospital is at present under the control of the Northwestern University and appointments to the staff are limited to members of the faculty of the Northwestern University Medical School.

Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. This prominent state institution was developed from small beginnings. With the first six years it was conducted as a public dispensary, and was located on North Clark street, with Dr. E. L. Holmes as attending surgeon. He was the first physician in the city as a specialist to devote himself solely to the treatment of the eye and ear. The first board of trustees of the dispensary was composed of the following prominent citizens : Dr. Charles Volney Dyar, Luther Haven, Samuel Stone, Wm. H. Brown, Rev. Wm. Barry, Philo Carpenter, J. H. Kedzie, E. B. McCagg, Flavel Moseley, Rev. N. L. Rice and Mark Skinner. Dr. Holmes was appointed active surgeon and Drs. Daniel Brainard and Joseph W. Freer were consultants. When, during the Civil war, provision needed to be made for the treatment of disabled soldiers, the sanitary commission came to the relief of the dispensary and in a building the use. of which was donated by Mr. Walter Newberry, increased facilities w re secured for the treatment of both citizens and soldiers. Othe states made provision for their soldiers which were lodged here for special treatment. For defraying the expenses of our own troops here under treatment, the state voted an annual appropriation of $5,000. In the fire of 1871 the building was entirely destroyed. As a result the state took the institution in hand, purchased a lot on the corner of Peoria and West Adams and erected a fine commodious building at a cost of $80,000. To the incessant labors of Dr. Holmes the city and the state are indebted for this valuable institution. As associates upon the staff from time to time, the names of a number of prominent oculists and aurists appear, such as those of Dr. F. C. Holtz,. E. J. Gardiner, Lyman Ware, W. T. Montgomery, Borne Bettman, C. H. Barnes, S. S. Bishop and Ira E. Marshall.

St. Luke's Hospital. This hospital has a history of small beginnings, heroic struggles and ultimate success. It owes its inception to an appeal by Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke of Grace Episcopal church in 1864, which met with hearty resp9nse from a noble band of lady parishioners, who had just terminated their labors in caring for the Confederate soldiers by reason of the closing of Camp Douglas. At a meeting convened in the home of Mrs. B. F. Haddock, the formal organization was eft"ected, and the following officers were elected: Rev. Clinton Locke, president; Mrs. W. Franklin and Mrs. Henry W. Hinsdale, vice presidents; Mrs. B. F. Haddock, treasurer, and Mrs. Aaron Hayden, secretary. At first a small wooden house on State street was rented and seven beds were installed. By special effort the sum of $1,500 for its furnishings and supplies was secured. A year had not yet elapsed when a better building was obtained and eighteen beds were furnished. The charter first obtained in 1864 "Ot being sufficiently ample, a new one was secured in

1894, and to it was given the name of St. Luke's Free Hospital, at which time it contained one hundred and ten patients, of whom sixtythree occupied free beds. In its later history the hospital has been exceedingly fortunate in securing subscriptions from a large number of wealthy men and women, and has been the recipient of a number of liberal bequests. Fifty-one beds have been permanently endowed by as many contributors, at an average cost of $5,500 per bed, In addition to its first location, corner of Indiana and Fourteenth street, it has secured a most desirable frontage on Michigan avenue. The bequest of Mrs. Stickney gave a splendid building for the nurses, of whom eighty-one are on duty and in process of training "The George Smith Memorial," in memory of Mr. George Smith, Chicago's first great banker, is a princely contribution of half a million dollars, ai^d was contributed by his near relative, Mr. James Henry Smith. With this fund in hand, the trustees are now erecting a befitting memorial building fronting on Michigan avenue, which is designed for paying patients, exclusively, the revenue from which is to be applied exclusively for the current expenses of the general hospital, thus serving as far as it may for a perpetual endowment. The present active staff is as follows :

Chicago Baptist Hospital. It was first organized in 1891, and occupied a frame building on North Halsted street, with only twentyfive beds, but soon gained more ample accommodations at the corner of Racine and Center avenues, and at that time was under Homeopathic administration. In 1896 the management was fortunate in securing the extensive buildings on the corner of Rhodes avenue and Thirty- fourth street, originally built for the Baptist Theological

Seminary. It was completely remodeled, its dormitories being transformed into private rooms and the whole building made complete in all its appointments, and contains one hundred beds. It is managed by a board of twenty-one directors, selected from all the Baptist churches in Cliicago. The medical staff is appointed by this board. One of the special features of this hospital is its fine training school for nurses. Practitioners of every school of medicine recognized by law can treat their patients here. With reference to the admission of patients no sectarian lines are drawn. The hospital is in a prosperous condition, and free beds are accorded to the full limits which its finances will permit.

The Presbyterian Hospital. A nmnber of prominent men connected with various Presbyterian churches united in an organization for the building and support of a hospital ''for the purposes of affording medical and surgical aid and nursing to disabled persons, and to provide them while inmates of the hospital with the ministration of the Gospel agreeable to the doctrine and form of the Presbyterian church." Several large subscriptions were made, and those, together with a great number of minor ones, enabled the trustees to erect a building which for size, durability of structure and perfection of its arrangement and details must insure to its projectors grateful recognition on the part of those to whom its benefits are accorded. The hospital is located on the corner of Wood and Congress streets, on a lot contributed by Rush Medical College, with which it is closely aftlliatcd for clinical purposes, and the hospital staff is largely represented from the staff of Rush Medical College. It contains two hundred beds and its appointments are highly creditable. In its medical and surgical service it is one of the representative hospitals of the city. Its Training School for Nurses ranks with the best in the country.

Michael Reese Hospital. Under the supervision of the United Hebrew Charities a building for the care of patients was secured on the corner of LaSalle and Schiller streets in 1868. The building was destroyed by the Chicago fire. Fur ten }ears patients cared for by this society were lodged in the various hospitals in the city, but in 1880 the present hospital was organized and the building was located on the corner of Twenty-ninth street and Groveland avenue. It was named in honor of Mr. ^Michael Reese, who had bequeathed to it the sum of $50,000. To this the further sum of $75,000 was obtained by private subscriptions and- a substantial plant completed at a cost of $125,000, with a capacity of one hundred and fifty beds. After twenty-five years it was decided to rebuild on the same ground, and the old hospital was entirely removed. The present magnificent structure occupying that place, having an ideal position on the lake shore, has just been completed at a cost of $750,000, with an equipment costing $250,000 more, so that the institution represents an expenditure of $1,000,000. It is provided with three hundred and sixty-two beds. It has provision for the education of one hundred and twenty-five nurses, eighty-five of whom are on duty and require three years' course of instruction. A large corps of distinguished physicians and surgeons constitute its stafT.

Women's Hospital. This hospital recalls the name of its founders, Drs. William H. Byford, A. Reeves Jackson and Mary H. Thompson. It is pleasantly located on the corner of Thirty-second street and Rhodes avenue. It was established in 1880, and has a capacity of forty-three beds. It is limited to the reception of ladies requiring surgical operation and after treatment. It is under the supervision of a large board of lady managers, who are prominent in society and who are liberal contributors toward its support. The following surgeons constitute the active staff : Drs. Henry T. Byford, Franklin H. Martin, Bertha Van Hoosen, C. E. Paddock, Frederick A. Besley, William R. Cubbins, D. A. K. Steele, Joseph Brenneman, George T. Ruggles and Mary J. Kearsley.

First Homeopathic Hospital. This hospital wa^ opened by Dr. George F. Shipman at 20 East Kinzie street, in 1854. It was sustained by private subscriptions. The encouragement for its opening was derived from the fact that Mrs. Wright promised to contribute $1,000 a year towards its support. In 1855 ^ permanent organization was effected by the creation of an executive board, of which Mr. J. H. Dunham was president, Dr. D. S. Smith, vice president, Dr. George F. Shipman, secretary. The attending physicians were Dr. George F. Shipman, Dr. D. S. Smith and R. Ludlam. The attending surgeons were Dr. H. W. K. Boardman and Dr. L. A. Douglas, with a number of prominent men as board of directors. The death of Mrs. Wright occurred the following year, and the amount promised by her could not be legally appropriated. The liberal con- tributioiis which were made by the physicians and their friends were not sufticient for its needs and would not warrant its continuance. On May I, 1857, it was voted to close the hospital.

Hahnemann Hospital. This hospital is located in connection with Hahnemann College on grounds for college and hospital purposes, situated on Cottage Grove avenue, between Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth streets. In honor of J. Y. Scammon it was first named the "Scammon Hospital," but later, at his suggestion, it was named Hahnemann Hospital. In its earlier history its expenses were met by private donations to which the college faculty and a number of influential men were liberal contributors. The net proceeds of a fair held in its interests amounted to $11,000. A bequest from Mrs. Phebe Smith added $10,000 more. Then came the munificent donation of $50,000 from Mrs. Caroline E. Haskell and a contribution of $5,000 by Mr. Hugh Riddle. The hospital has been the recipient of constant smaller amounts, which, in the aggregate, have enabled it to do a large and much-needed charitable work. The financial burden which, in all public hospitals not yet endowed, and which always rests heavily upon a few individuals, has, in this instance, been happily largely lifted from those who bore the brunt by the munificent bequest of $250,000 made by D. B. Shipman, who acquired a princely fortune in Chicago and gave to its citizens this perpetual token of his gracious remembrance. Monumental shafts in cemeteries are fitting mementoes of those who only think of themselves, but a hospital is a perpetual expression of one's regard for his fellowmen. An addition to the hospital, giving it a capacity of two hundred beds, is rapidly approaching completion, in which all the comforts and conveniences of a modern, up-to-date hospital are assured, and in this connection the Training School for Nurses will find ample provision.

Alexian Brothers Hospital. This hospital was organized by the Alexian Brothers and located on the corner of Dearborn and Schiller streets in i860. The accommodations were soon outgrown and the hospital was removed to a more commodious building on North Market street. Here it remained for three years, when the entire effects were swept away 1)y the Chicago fire. Notiiing remained but the brave souls of the Brothers who had inspired it. In 1872 the Chicago Relief and Aid Society came to their help witii a donation of $18,000 and this, in connection with generous donations from private individuals, enabled them to build the present structure, capable of accommodating about two hundred and fifty patients. The internal management and nursing are entirely under the control of the Brothers, and none but male patients are admitted to the hospital. During the successive years the following have been among the leading members of the staff:

St. Joseph's Hospital. This hospital is situated at 360 Garfield avenue. It was organized by the Sisters of Charity in i860. Its first building was destroyed by the fire in 1871, but the present one, with its ample facilities, was erected on the same spot and has accommodations for two hundred and fifty patients, while provision is made for the care of the helpless who are needy, and a number of free beds have been contributed by generous donors. There are also fine accommodations for pay patients. It has always had the good fortune to secure the services of an unusually able staff of attending physicians and surgeons, among whom the following can be named : Dr. G. W. Reynolds and Dr. J. H. Chew, physicians ; Dr. D. R. Brower, professor of mental and nervous diseases; Dr. John Bartlett, chief of the obstetrical department; Dr. Ephraim F. Ingalls, nose and throat diseases ; Dr. F. C. Holtz, diseases of the eye and ear.

Although it is reported that a medical society was formed in the village of Chicago as early as 1836, no authentic records have been preserved, and it was not until 1850 that the first permanent society was organized. During the spring of that year the call was made to consider the question of forming a medical society. The profession was very fully represented at the meeting and Rush College was specially active in the movement, being represented by Drs. Brainard, Blaney, Herrick and Da\is. y\mong others, we note the presence of Drs. Boone, McVickar, Bird, Max-Meyers, McArthur and a number of the older physicians. At this preliminary meeting a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, which were adopted a week later. It took the name of the Chicago Medical Society, on which Dr. Daniel Boone was made president. There was not entire harmony in the society. A number of members withdrew, and a quorum for the transaction of business could seldom be secured. The minority, faithfully maintaining regular meetings, finally took the matter in hand, and leaving the organization to such result as might follow, organized the Cook County Medical Society with a view of enlisting the co-operation of prominent physicians in the county not residents of the city. From this time on new members who were yet to become prominent, were occasionally being added to the society, and as the former city society had lapsed into desuetude by reason of the great preponderance of city physicians in the meeting of the Cook County Society, it seemed desirable to resume the old name, and so, by unanimous vote, it again took the name of the Chicago Medical Society in 1858. From the first it had been the leading medical society in the northwest, and at present it is believed to be, from the number of its members, the largest medical society in the world; so large, indeed, as to reciuire'sub-divisions into a number of sections, representative of the various specialties. Later the expansion of the city has been such as to require branch organizations with local officers and independent meetings, all of the branches being subordinate to the central society. According to the reports these branches are well attended and doing efficient work, bringing to their help, by invitation, speakers of repute from other associate branches. At stated periods the branches are all massed in general assembl}^, and men of special renown, both in this country and abroad, are invited to address this assembly.

When Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, one section of the act required "the appointment annually of three commissioners to constitute a Board of Health." In May of that year those appointed to constitute such board were Dr. John W. Eldredge, A. N. Fullerton and D. Cox. Dr. Daniel Brainard was appointed as the first city physician. Dr. E. S. Kimberly was his successor in 1838-41. Dr. John W. Eldredge, from 1841-43. The following are the names and dates of those who succeeded as city physician : Dr. William B. Eagan, 1843-45; Dr. Philip Maxwell, 1845-47; Dr. Henry S. Huber, 1847-49; Dr. L. D. Boone, 1849-52; Dr. A. D. Palmer, 1852; Dr. B. McVickar, 1853-55; Dr. L P. Lynn, 1855-57; Dr. Gerhard Paoli, 1857-59; Dr. Wilham Wagner, 1859-60. At this date the office of health officer was vacated by the common council, and for two years the city was without the services of a duly appointed physician. In December, 1861, Dr. Lucien Cheeny was appointed to that position and served until 1864, when Charles S. Perry, a policeman, was detailed as health officer. In 1867 a board of health was organized, composed as follows : Dr. William Wagner, Dr. H. A. Johnson, Dr. J. H. Ranch, William Giles, A. B. Reynolds, Samuel Hoard and John B. Rice, mayor, ex-officio. They appointed Dr. J. H. Rauch sanitar}^ ^superintendent, and Dr. H. S. Hahn, city physician. Dr. H. A. Johnson was made president of the board, and he, with Dr. J. H. Rauch, continued to serve through the period of the Chicago fire and until 1874. Dr. Benjamin C. Miller succeeded Dr. Rauch and served from 1874 until 1876. In 1876 the common council abolished the board of health and reorganized the health department. They created the office of commissioner of health, the appointee to act as chief officer, with provision for a corps of assistants. Dr. Oscar C. DeWolf was the first to be appointed to that office in January, 1877. Dr. J. S. Kno>' was his assistant and Dr. H. B. Wright was registrar of vital statistics. Dr. DeWolf held the office of commissioner of health for - ten years, and to him largely we are indebted for the admirable manner in which his department was organized. Dr. Swayne Wickersham held the office for three years and was succeeded in 1890 by Dr. John D. Ware. It should by no means be forgotten that while special honor attaches to him who holds position of chief, the onus of the work falls upon those who stand behind the guns. Citizens little realize the debt they owe to those who stamp out contagious diseases and prevent the consumption of millions of pounds of impure food. It is a matter of regret that city politics have so much to do -with the administration of the health department and the office of commissioner of health with each incoming administration being filled by some political favorite. To illustrate, Dr. J. I). Ware held this office for two years; Dr. Reynolds succeeded for two years; then again a change and William Kerr, not a physician, was apprnnted to succeed him. Such was the turn in the political tide that Dr. R. A. Reynolds was again appointed and held the position for eight years. Another change in the administration brought Dr. W'halen to that position for tw'o years, when, with the present mayor and council in power, the present incumbent is Dr. W. A. Evans. The sub-division of the health department is as follows :

First - Control of contagious diseases. Second - Laboratory department, examination of meats ; inspection of meats, fruits, vegetables, water supplies; bacteriological work. Third - Vital statistics; registration of births and deaths. Fourth - Sanitary department; plumbing, sewerage and sanitary condition of premises.

Such has been the efficiency of the labors of the health department for several years, that the death rate has been less per thousand than that of any other city of over 500,000 inhabitants, of which there are official records, either in this country or abroad, being only thirteen and a fraction per thousand inhabitants.

city, both in the earlier years and since. Dr. 1 lollister was born at Riga, Monroe county, New^ York, August 5, 1824. was graduated from the Rochester Collegiate Institute in 1842, studied medicine at the Berkshire Medical College, from which he received the degree of M. D. in 1847, ^"^^ began practice in Chicago in 1855. He was connected with the faculty of the present school of medicine of the Xorthwestern University when it was known as Lind University and the Chicago Medical College. He was a trustee and professor in the school from 1859 to 1895, and since then has been professor emeritus. He was physician to Mercy Hospital 1866 to 1896 (now emeritus), has been a member of the American Medical Association since 1858, is a member, ex-president and for twenty years was treasurer of the Illrnois State Medical Society, was editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association for two years, and for eight years one of its trustees. Dr. HolHster was married, January 2, 1849, to Miss Jennette Windiate, of Drayton Plains, Michigan. Their only child is the wife of Dr. FrankHn H. Martin of Chicago.

and man, we will not soon look upon again. His passing away was the cause of profound grief to men and women of all classes and conditions, and drew forth expressions of affection , for him as a man and recognition of him as a scientist and surgeon such as Europe, Asia and America have seldom, if ever, before proffered to a citizen of the new world.

As a surgical operator. Dr. Senn was undoubtedly one of the greatest of all times; but his fame far outstripped these limitations. He made the clinics in his profession the basis of a far-reaching original investigation, and brought the study of bacteriology into the field of surgery in such a manner as to wonderfully decrease the fatalities incident either to operations, or injuries received on the field of battle. The deductions drawn by an unusually vigorous and scientific mind from a professional experience as varied as it was broad, added rich stores to the literature of pathology and operative surgery. Personally, he not only made invaluable contributions to the standard literature of his profession, but was the means of giving to the west one of the rarest and most valuable of libraries, covering the entire range of medical science. Although a man of compact and powerful physique, the labors which he performed were so prodigious and unceasing as to wear out the human machine before its time, and it was laid away to rest after having performed a remarkable part in the work of the world during his life of sixtythree years and two months.

Dr. Senn was a native of the picturesque canton of St. Gallen, or St. Gall, in northeastern Switzerland, where he was born of humble parents on the 31st of October, 1844. When he was eight years of age the family came to the United States and settled in

Washington county, Wisconsin, where he detained a preHniinary education, finishing his academic studies in the scliools of Fond du Lac. He afterward tauglit for several years, but in 1864. before he had attained his majority, commenced his me(hcal stu(Hcs in the office of Dr. E. Munk, of that city. In 1866 he entered the Chicago Medical College, and, graduating therefrom in the spring of 1868, commenced his interneship of eighteen months in Cook County Hospital.

In 1869, after his marriage to Miss Aurelia Meuhlhauser, Dr. Senn removed to Ashford, Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, and commenced private practice not many miles from the locality where he had acquired his first medical training. In 1874 he abandoned country practice and settled in Milwaukee, that state, soon afterward being appointed attending physician to the Milwaukee Hospital, and later, as his reputation extended, attending or consulting surgeon to nearly all the important charities of the city and county. He also served as surgeon general of the state of Wisconsin.

Wishing to still further broaden his theoretical and clinical knowledge, in 1878 Dr. Senn went abroad and pursued special courses in the University of Munich, Germany, graduating therefrom in the following year. Upon his return to this country he was elected by the faculty of Rush Medical College, Chicago, to the chair of the principles of surgery and surgical pathology, and the acceptance of this honor induced him to remove to this city. In 1884-7 '1^' served as professor of surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons (now the Medical School of the University of Illinois), and for the succeeding three years held the chair of the principles of surger}'. In i8(;o he was elected professor of practical and clinical surgery at Ivush Medical College, and occupied the chair at the time of his death. He was also professor of surgery at the Chicago Polyclinic; professorial lecturer t)n military surgery at the University of Chicago; attending surgeon at the Presbyterian Hospital, and surgeon-in-chief of St. Joseph's Hospital, with which instiution he was identified for eighteen years and where he performed a large part of his private work. As institutions, Rush Medical College and St. Joseph's Hospital especially, felt the loss of Dr. Senn's faithful and strong support, personally, and also of his invalliable professional services. The deceased was a member of all the leading medical and surgical societies of the state and nation; had been president of the American Medical Association and the American Surgical Association; was a life member of the German Congress of Surgeons ; a corresponding member of the Harveian Society of London, and an honorary member of the Edinburgh Medical Society. In

1890 he was chosen as an American delegate to the International Medical Congress which met at Berlin, and in 1897 to the Moscow congress, while in 1901 he again went abroad as one of the most distinguished delegates from the United States to the International Red Cross conference, which met at St. Petersburg.

In 1894, through the generosity and public enterprise of Dr. Senn, there ,was installed in the Newberry library of Chicago, the great historical and scientific collection of books relating to medi- . cine, which had been brought together as the result of half a century's labors on the part of Dr. William Baum, late professor of surgery in the University of Gottingen and one of the founders of the German Congress of Surgeons. This splendid library of more than seven thousand volumes was donated in addition to the large collections which he had already given. By the terms of the princely gift, they were to be known as the Senn Collection, were to be kept together on the shelves, retained as a library in their entirety, and separately catalogued. Dr. Senn's wife has the credit of making the original suggestion that the collection be transferred to the massive walls of the Newberry library for safe keeping.

In the domain of military surgery Dr. Senn reached world-wide eminence. His career in this specialty was inaugurated early in his professional life by his service as surgeon general of the state of Wisconsin. He was appointed surgeon general of the National Guard of Illinois, which he held at the time of his death, and in

1891 was one of the prime movers in the organization of the Associatic»i of Military Surgeons of the National Guard of the United States. Of this national body he was elected president. It was founded by about fifty surgeons of the National Guard, representing fifteen states, who in the year named met in Chicago and perfected an organization. Before its first year it had reached a membership of over two hundred, and from the date of its inception Dr. Senn was foremost in calling attention to the true province of the military surgeon in modern warfare. The keynote of his position is given in these words, taken from an eloquent address which he deHvered before the association in April, 1892 : "More ingenuity has been displayed of late years In perfecting firearms and in the invention of machines for wholesale destruction of life than in devising ways and means for saving the lives of those seriously wounded. It is our duty as military surgeons to counteract as far as we can the horrors of war, by devising life-saving operations and by protecting the injured against the dangers incident to traumatic infection. Antiseptic and aseptic surgery must be made more simple than it is now, in order that we may reap from them equal blessings in military as in civil practice." Dr. Senn's published investigations, especially his work on "Surgical Bacteriology," have gone far toward bringing about this humanitarian purpose, whose desirability has been doubly emphasized by the fatalities of the Spanish-American and Russo- Japanese wars. In both these conflicts he bore a leading part as a surgeon and an original investigator of international authority. In May, 1898, he was appointed chief surgeon of the Sixth Army Corps, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of the United States Volunteers, and chief of the operating staff with the American army in the field.

Dr. Senn so enriched the medical and surgical literature of his day that a mere mention of the hundreds of papers which he contributed to it is impossible. His more pretentious and best known works include, "Four Months Among the Surgeons of Europe," "Experimental Surgery," "Intestinal Surgery," "Surgical Bacteriology," "Principles of Surgery," "Pathology and Surgical Treatment of Tumors," "Tuberculosis of Bones and Joints," "Tuberculosis of the Genito-Urinary Organs," Syllabus" of the Practice of Surgery," "Surgical Notes of the Spanish-American War," "Medico-Surgical Aspects of the Spanish-American War," "Practical Surgery," "Nurse's Guide for the Operating Room," "Around the World via Siberia," "Around the World via India (A Medical Tour)," and "Our National Recreation Parks."

Besides the great and honored name, which survives him, Dr. Senn left a widow, who throughout his remarkable career was his wise and sturdy comfort and assistant, and two sons, who are rising members of the profession in Chicago. Dr. E. J. Senn, who graduated from Rush Medical College in 1893, is now associate professor

Dr. Fenger was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, in the year 1840, and graduated in medicine from the university of his native city in 1867. He then served as an assistant in Meyer's Ear Clinic, and after leaving that institution was an interne for two years in the Royal Fredericks Hospital. At the conclusion of that service, he established himself in private practice in Copenhagen, and thus continued until the breaking out of the Franco-German war, through which he served as surgeon in the International Ambulance Association.

At the conclusion of the war Dr. Fenger returned to Copenhagen and for three years filled the position of prosector of the City Hospital, a large and leading institution of one thousand beds. In 1874 he presented his thesis for lectureship in the university upon "Cancer of the Stomach," and was thereupon appointed lecturer on pathological anatomy. His early investigations in this field were continued throughout his life, and as a, medical and surgical specialist on cancer he attained a rank with the foremost in the United States. In 1875 Dr. Fenger left Copenhagen and went to Egypt, being recognized within the succeeding two years as among the leading authorities on public hygiene in the country. First made a member of ihe Sanitary Council of Alexandria, in 1876 he removed to Cairo, where he sensed, by appointment of the khedive, as medical officer of the famous Khalifa quarter. By reason of ill health, he was obliged to leave Egypt, and in 1877 located in Chicago.

Dr. Fengef's career in this city was a steady progress in the highest regards both of his professional co-workers and his rapidly increasing patrons. At various times he held the professorship of principles of surgery and clinical surgery in the Northwestern University Medical School and the chair of surgery in the Chicago Polyclinic ; was also surgeon-in-chief of the German Hospital for many years, attending surgeon at the Passavant Memorial Hospital, and consulting surgeon to the Cook County, Provident, Tabitha and Baptist hospitals, lie was an active member, and served for one term as vice president, of the American Surgical Association, and was identified with the American Medical Association. Illinois State Medical Society, Chicago Medical Society, Physicians' Club, Chicago Gynecological Society and the Scandinavian Medical Society.

a member of the profession of remarka])le skill and originality. His work has brought him into national prominence as an operator, and his identification with the medical institutions of the city has materially added to Chicago's advancing reputation as a great center of professional education and clinical instruction.

Dr. Murphy was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, on the 21st of December, 1857, and, after obtaining a public and a high school education in his native city, commenced his medical studies under the preceptorship of Dr. J. R. Reilly, one of the leading surgeons of that place. With this preliminary training he came to Chicago and was matriculated at the Rush Medical College, from w'hich he graduated in 1879. He served as an interne in Cook County Hospital from February, of that year, until October, 1880, and after engaging in private practice in Chicago for two years, went abroad for study, observation and practice in the medical centers of the old world. During the period from September, 1882, until April. 1884. he worked in the universities and hospitals of Vienna, Munich, Berlin and Heidelberg, broadening both his theoretic and practical knowledge of medicine and surgery.

In the spring of 1884 Dr. Murphy returned tn Chicago, being soon elected lecturer on surgery in Rush Medical College, and in 1892 professor of clinical surgery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons; in 1890 professor of surgery in the Post-Graduate Medical School, and during the same year attending surgeon to the Alexvoi. 1 - 22.

ian Brothers Hospital, having served, in a similar ca_pacity in the Cook County Hospital prior to his departure for Europe. He became president of the medical staff of the Cook County Hospital in 1891, and was chosen to the presidency of the National Association of Railway Surgeons in 1895. Dr. Murphy is also a member of the American Medical Association, the Surgical Society of Germany, the Surgical Society of Paris, and of numerous other medical and surgical organizations of less note. Among the late honors bestowed upon him for eminent scholarship and practice in surgery is the Laetare medal, received from Notre Dame University, Indiana, March 9, 1902.

Dr. Murphy has been a frequent contributor to the standard literature of surgery, his papers being of unusual value, based, as they are, upon the results of actual practice. He has a world-wide reputation in surgery of the abdominal tracts, and his invention and wonderfully successful application of the anastomosis button has greatly reduced the fatalities incident to injuries to the intestines, extending his nam^e and fame throughout the medical world. He was also the first in America to recognize the disease in man, which, under the popular name of "lumpy jaw/' has made such ravages among cattle. Both as an original investigator and an eminent operator. Dr. Murphy is now second to none in the country, his services as a surgeon being in demand from coast to coast.

(Bray) Billings. In 1881 Dr. Billings graduated from the Northwestern University Medical School with his medical degree, and in 1890 the university conferred upon' him that of M. S. For many years he served as consulting physician at the Cook County, Children's Memorial and Michael Reese hospitals, and attending physician at the Presbyterian and St. Luke's hospitals. He is a member and ex-president of the Chicago Medical Society; served as president of the American Medical Association in 1902-3, and is an active member of that organization, as well as of the Chicago Pathological Society, Chicago Neurological Society, Illinois State Medical Society and Association of American Physicians. Other organizations with which he is identified are the Chicago Athletic Association, and Chicago, University, Chicago Literary and Quadrangle chibs. Dr. Billings was married in Washington, District of Columbia, May 26, 1887, to Miss Jane Ford Brawley, and has become the father of one child, Margaret, born in Chicago, August 8, 1888.

In February, 1905, the invention of the "Ballenger Swivel Knife" for the sub-mucous removal of deformed cartilage of the nasal septum producing nasal obstruction, caused world- wide interest among the medical profession, and has since been recorded as among the most valuable modern inventions and discoveries by which surgery has been elevated to rank among the greatest and most exact sciences. The swivel knife, which the inventor at once gave to the profession without securing a patent, and which has since come into general use, reduces the time of operation from half an hour to a few minutes, and at the same time simplifies the entire operation. Through the use of this instrument the name of Dr. Ballenger is spoken wherever surgery has become a distinct art, and this invention alone, so generously given for the benefit of the world, is a broad basis for the most enduring fame that comes to members of the medical and surgical profession.

In his practice Dr. Ballenger is a specialist in the diseases of the ear, nose and throat, and in this special province, none of the younger generation has gained greater distinction. Like many others who have become leading specialists he commenced as a general practitioner, and is thus enabled to connect special symptoms with general causes, and to make a broad and thorough diagnosis of the cases which come to him for treatment. In addition to his practice, he occupies the chair of rhinology, laryngology and otology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Medical Department of the University of Illinois.

Dr. Ballenger is a native of Economy, Indiana, and was born April 26th, 1 86 1, a son of William and Lydia Ann (Starbuck) Ballenger. The schools of his native place, both common and high, afforded him his preliminary education, and he was also a student of Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana.

Dr. Ballenger commenced the practice of his profession at Richmond, Indiana, immediately after his graduation, and continued it at that point from 1886 to 1893, and at Evanston, Illinois, for the succeeding two years. In 1895 he centered his studies and his work on the subjects of rhinology, laryngology and otology, to which he has since confined himself as a practitioner, an educator and an author. Dr. Ballenger began his career as an educator when he was appointed instructor in his specialties at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1905, and has since been advanced to the full professorship of rhinology, laryngology and otology, which chair he had occupied since 1903. In 1896 he was appointed instructor in otology at the Chicago Polyclinic and in the following year professor of the same chair at the Chicago Eye and Ear College and Hospital.

The doctor's connection with organizations identified with his specialties has also been prominent. He served as secretary of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-laryngology in 1899- 1902, was its president in 1902-03, and has since been a counselor of the body. He is a leading member of the Chicago Medical Society, of which he was vice president in 1904, and is also a Fellow of the International Otological Congress; Chicago Laryngological and Otological ; American Laryngological Association ; American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Association (vice president 1905) ; Illinois State Medical Society, and the Chicago Academy of Medicine. He is a well-known contributor to the foreign and American scientific and medical journals along the lines which he has so thoroughly investigated, and is the author of a standard text book on "The Surgical and Other Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear." Through the constant use of the name "Ballenger Swivel Knife," and his writings, his name is becoming as familiar to the profession as that of Dr. Murphy, the inventor of the famous "Murphy Button."

Dr. Ballenger was married at Richmond, Indiana, July 15, 1886, to Miss Ada Poarch. They have one child, Joanna, born October 22, 1905. The family home, "Wildermere," is at Hubbard Woods, Illinois, and his office is in Chicago. Aside from his connections with professional organizations, he has membership in the VVinnetka Club, most cultured and successful element of the profession for a period of fully sixty years, and in 1907 the name was grandly perpetuated in this city by the opening of the grand Henrotin Hospital on LaSalle avenue, which had been erected as a continuation of the Chicago Polyclinic, in the founding of which twenty-one years before, the younger Henrotin had borne so great a part. Until the day of his death this institution had been the Doctor's professional pride, and he had contributed generously of his time, strength and professional and executive abilities. Dr. Henrotin did not live to see this cherished project realized, as the magnificent $1,000,00 hospital was not completed until six months after his decease. It was opened in November, 1907, without formal celebration, as those who were so closely associated with him in the prosecution of the work did not care to celebrate without their leader and friend.

Dr. Henrotin was born in Brussels, Belgium, on the 28th of September, 1847, son of Dr. J. F. and Adele (Kinson) Henrotin, and soon after his birth the family came to Chicago, where the father commenced the practice of his profession and continued it almost uninterrupted!}' until his death in 1875. Fernand received his early education in Chicago, and after graduating from the high school commenced his preparation for the profession which had been honored both by his father and his grandfather. He was matriculated at Rush Medical College, and in 1868, after a three years' course, was graduated with his professional degree. For two years thereafter he was prosector at Rush Medical College, after which he served for a like period as county physician of Cook county. Then he became surgeon of the police and fire departments, being connected with the former for fifteen years and with the latter for twenty-one, for a number of years also serving as surgeon of the First Brigade, Illinois National Guard. He was surgeon and gynecologist of Cook County Hospital for several 3'ears, and at the time of his death was surgeon at the Alexian Brothers' Hospital, gynecologist at the Chicago Policlinic, consulting gynecologist at St. Joseph's Hospital and acting gynecologist at the German Hospital. Nothwithstanding that he held and filled all these official positions, and was so closely identified with the Chicago Policlinic in its educational work, he managed a large private practice (the bulk of which was surgical) with untiring faithfulness and consummate skill.

The deceased was a member of all the local and of the most prominent societies connected with his profession ; was for many years secretary general for America of the International Gynecological and Obstetrical Congress; served in -1896 as president of the Chicago Medical Society, and, although unanimously re-elected the following year, declined to serve. Dr. Henrotin's monographs on professional subjects, chiefly on gynecological matters, have also earned him wide prominence. Among numerous articles which have appeared in the medical press may be instanced "Pelvic Septic Diseases in Women," which has been quoted the world over; "Estopic Gestation," in "Practice of Obstetrics by American Authors," and "Gynecology," in the "International Text Book of Surgery." One of his latest contributions, and which attracted unusual attention from the fact, perhaps, that the subject was treated in a somewhat popular style, was the small work entitled "Democracy of Education in Medicine."

In 1873 Dr. Henrotin wedded Miss Emile B. Trussing, and, although no children were born to their union, their married life was an unusually happy one, gladdened, as it was, by the high regard and warm affection of numerous and congenial friends and with the most harmonious personal relations. They resided for many years at 353 LaSalle avenue, which is still the home of the cultured and beloved widow.

nature, this thoroughness of investigation and conscientiousness in practice, make the typical German an ideal diagnostician and an ideal physician in the treatment of diseases, He is not satisfied with superficial methods or temporary results, but endeavors to reach the foundation of every disorder of the human body which comes before him for adjustment. This trait is reaping its professional rewards in the many honors which are continually being bestowed upon physicians who are natives of the fatherland, and come to this country as to a field of broader opportunities, or to those of c]n'ie German ancestry.

Dr. William L. Baum, who in May, 1907, was elected president of the Illinois State Medical Association, is the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Zorrmann) Baum, and, as the names of both his parents impl\-. is of good Teutonic stock. He was born in Morris, Illinois, May 1 1 . 1867, and before he assumed his professional studies received a thorough general education in the public and normal schools of his native place. Dr. Baum would doubtless have made a good teacher, but found that his call to the medical profession was too strong to resist. Having determined upon his specialty, he foresaw the advantages of a thorough knowledge of drugs, and he completed a course at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1887 with the degree of Ph. G. In the meantime he had become so far advanced in his general studies that, in 1888. he graduated from the Jefferson Medical College as a regular M. D.

After practicing about a year at Morris. Illinois, during which he served as coroner and county physician of Grundy county. Dr. Baum went abroad to take post-graduate work, spending the period from 1889 to 1 89 1 at the medical schools of the Berlin and Vienna Universities and in visiting the hospitals and clinics of those famous centers of medicine and surgery. A portion of the latter year he also spent in Paris, in study, observation and investigation. Coming to Chicago during the latter part of that year, in August (1891) he was appointed professor of skin and genito-urinary diseases at the Chicago Post- Graduate School, and in 1894 attending physician to the Cook County Hospital. Since 1897 he has been treasurer of the Post-Graduate School, and is now dermatologist to the Baptist Hospital. In 1905-6 Dr. Baum served as chairman of the medical staff of Cook County, one of the most important positions in connection with hospital administration in the west.

Aside from the presidency of the Illinois State Medical Society, with which he has recently been honored, Dr. Baum has been an active and prominent factor in the progress of the professional organizations of the city and country. As to his official prominence, he was a mem- ber of the board of trustees of the Chicago Medical Society in 1901-5 ; president of the board, Chicago Academy of Medicine, 1900-1905; secretary of the Chicago Medico-Legal Society, 1900-06; treasurer of the Chicago Medical Society 1905-6; president of the Chicago Urological Society, 1905-6; first vice president of the American Urological Society, 1906, and chairman of the section of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, American Medical Association, 1899. Besides membership in the above he is connected with the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, Chicago Dermatological Society, Physicians' Club, Chicago Pathological Society, Chicago Urological Society and the German Medical Society, being a fellow of the Chicago Academy of Medicine. Since 1905 Dr. Baum has been commodore of the Chicago Yacht Club.

Dr. William Franklin Coleman, M. D., M. R. C. S., Eng., one of the leading oculists and aurists in the country and founder of the Chicago Post-Graduate School (the first in the city), is W. FRANKLIN ^ native of Canada, where he was educated and where the Coleman family had been established since the Revolutionary war. The Doctor's great-grandfather loved the mother country too much to fight against it, and when the colonies declared their independence migrated to the Dominion and settled with his family at what soon became Coleman's Corners, near the St. Lawrence river, Upper Canada. He transformed the locality into an important manufacturing center, was honored politically and personally, and brothers, sons and grandsons established various industries in the same section, continuing them far beyond the limits of his days.

One of the most prominent of these manufacturers was Billa Coleman, a grandson, who married Ann Eliza Willson, a native of New York and of English descent. A few miles distant from Coleman's Corners (afterward known as Lyn) was Brockville, the county seat, and here was born to this substantial couple a son named W. Franklin Coleman. As his honored and beautiful mother died two weeks afterward, as an infant he was removed to the ancestral town, where he obtained his early education. The schools of Brockville and of Potsdam, across the St. Lawrence river, in New York, furnished him with a grammar and academic education, and McGill College, Montreal, and the office of Dr. Reynolds, of Brockville, were the scenes of his early medical studies. Ill health forced him to abandon his professional education for about two years, but in iSf)^ he fmallv completed his course at Queen's College, Kingston, from which he obtained his degree with honors.

Dr. Coleman commenced the general practice of medicine at Lvn. and thus continued for seven years. During this period as a country physician he had a good opportunity to decide upon a specialty, and selected diseases of the eye and ear. His first preparatory step was to spend a year at the London Hospital, England, and at Moorefield's Eye Hospital, making such progress that in.1871 he passed the examination by which he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England. Returning to Canada, he spent seven years in Toronto, a portion of that time being in partnership with Dr. A. M. Rosebrugh, a leading oculist and aurist, and serving during the entire period as surgeon to the Toronto Eye and Ear Infirmary. For a year he then attended the famous clinics of Vienna and Heidelberg, after which he located in St. John, New Brunswick, and, both in private practice and as (jculist and aurist to the Provincial Hospital, established a wide and high reputation during the seven years of his residence there.

Through his writings and his professional work, Dr. Coleman's name had preceded his coming to Chicago, and his advent was soon signalized by the establishment, chiefly by his initiative, of the Post- Graduate Medical School, which has been a powerful means of giving to the city a decided standing among the centers of higher medical education in the country. Coming to Chicago in 1885. Dr. Coleman organized the school two years later, and since 1891 has been its president and professor of ophthalmology. He is also a member of the American Medical Association, the Chicago Medical Society, the Chicago Ophthalmological Society and the Physicians' Club of Chicago.

anv contribution to medical literature. Xo representative of his profession in Chicago is more highly honored for what he has done and what he is than Dr. Owens, and two of the great educational institutions of the city and the northwest have fek the benefit of his unobtrusive scholarship and clear demonstration. While honored as an operator and an educator, his connection of forty-five years with St. Luke's Hospital has established him as a public benefactor, for it has been his wise and strong personality, added to his professional skill, which has been perhaps the chief supporting and developing force of that great charity.

Dr. John E. Owens is a native of Maryland, born at Charleston, Cecil county, on the i6th of October, 1836. Prior to his matriculation as a medical student he was educated at various private schools, at West Nottingham and Elkton academies, and under private tutors. In 1862 he graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, and afterward enjoyed a special course in surgical anatomy and operative surgery under Dr. D. Hayes Agnew, the famous surgeon. After serving a short time as resident physician at Blockley Hospital, he removed from Philadelphia to Chicago in 1863.

Soon afterward, St. Luke's Hospital completed its organization, and a year later Dr. Owens was placed at its head, performing the first surgical operations within its walls. He was also elected a member of its board of directors, and has since been continuously identified with the institution. He has been a strong administrative factor in the development of the hospital, and is still president of its medical board. In 1867 he was appointed lecturer at Rush Medical College on surgical diseases of the urinary organs, and four years afterward commenced to lecture on the principles and practice of surgery in the same college. In 1877-83 he held that chair in the Woman's Medical College, having in 1882 transferred his educational activities from Rush College to the Medical Department of Northwestern University, by accepting from the faculty of the latter the chair of surgical anatomy and operative surgery. In 1891 he was chosen to his present professorship, that of surgery and clinical surgery. He served as medical director of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. For many years he has been chief surgeon of the -Illinois Central Railway and of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway, and was long a leading member of the American Association of Railway Surgeons, of which he has been president. He is also a fellow and was one of the vice presidents 'of the American Surgical Association, and is a member of the American Medical Association, Chicago Medical Society, Doctors'

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On December 30, 1869, Dr. Owens married Miss Alelhea S. Jamar, daughter of Reuben D. Jamar, of Elkton, jMaryland. and to them have been born one child, Alarie Girvin Owens. The Doctor is identified with the Calumet Club, was for many years a member of the Tolleston Shooting Club, and resides at the Lexington Hotel.

obscure pathological causes, inventing new processes and mechanisms to keep pace with their discoveries, and raising medicine to the dignity of an exact science. Li the field of invention as applied to the medical and surgical treatment of the nose, throat and ear, there are few members of the profession in the country who stand higher than Seth Scott Bishop, M, D., LL. D. An untiring and original investigator, a deep scholar and one of the ablest and busiest practitioners in the west, these inventions have grown from the necessities of his own work; among them are a massage otoscope, an improved tonsillotome, a middle-ear curette, an ossicle vibrator, a compressed-air meter, a light concentrator, a cold wire snare, a nasal speculum, a nasal knife, a camphor-menthol inhaler, powder-blowers, an automatic tuning fork, double retractors, an ear aspirator, a combined periosteum elevator and curette, etc. He is also the discoverer of camphor-menthol itself.

Dr. Bishop has made a great number of valuable contributions to the literature of his specialties, most of which have been originally read at the conventions of the various medical associations. He has made an especially exhaustive study of that illusive ailment, hay fever, two of his papers taking the first prizes given by the United States Hay Fever Association. His "Statistical Report of Twentyone Thousand Cases of Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat," carries with it most valuable instruction, and illustrates the author's thoroughness of research and wide acquaintance with his subject. Other published papers cover almost all known subjects relative to these diseases. He is also the author of two standard works, his "Diseases of the Nose, Throat and I'^ar" having been adopted as a text-book in a large proportion of the medical colleges of the United States and Canada. "The Ear and Its Diseases" appeared in the fall of 1906, and was received with marked favor by the profession and especially medical educators. He is also the editor of The Illinois Medical Bulletin and one of the editors of the Laryngoscope.

Continuous and energetic efforts, directed wide experience and scientific and inventive endowments of a high order, have enabled Dr. Bishop to reach his position of eminence when he is in the full maturity of his physical and intellectual strength. He is a Wisconsin man, born at Fond du Lac, February 7, 1852, the son of Lyman and Maria (Probart) Bishop. His parents came from New York, the paternal branch of the family being English and the maternal, Scotch- English. The boy received his early education in the public schools of his native city, subsequently taking classical courses at Pooler Institute, Fond du Lac, and at Beloit College. In his youth, besides attending school and studying music, he mastered the printer's trade in the office of the Fond du Lac Daily Commomvealfh and printed the first successful daily paper on the first power press which ever appeared in that city. Later he edited, "set up" and published an academ.ic paper called The Pen, and commenced to read medicine. After he had prosecuted his professional studies as far as possible at home, he attended two courses of lectures at the University of the City of New York (1871-2), studied systematically under Dr. S. S. Bowers, of Fond du Lac, and finally received his degree on graduating from the Northwestern University Medical School of Chicago in 1876.

Dr. Bishop commenced practice in his native city, then removed to Rochester, Minnesota, but in the fall of 1879 ventured into the larger field awaiting him in Chicago. In 188 1 he was elected a member of the medical staff of the South Side Free Dispensary, where he served first in the children's, and afterward in the eye and ear, department for many years. Later he conducted clinics in the West Side Free Dispensary, and has been consulting surgeon to the Illinois Masonic Orphans' Home from its foundation, having also been in active service as attending surgeon to the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary for more than fifteen years. He is honorary president of the faculty and professor of diseases of the nose, throat and ear, Illinois Medical College; professor of otology in the Chicago Post-

Graduate Medical School and Hospital, surgeon to the Post-Graduate and Illinois Hospitals, and consulting surgeon to the Mary Thompson Hospital, to the Chicago Hospital School for Nervous and Delicate Children (in atifiliation with the University of Chicago), and to the Silver Cross Hospital of Joliet. His wide identification with the fraternal and educational organizations of his profession embraces membership in the Chicago Pathological Society, the State Medical Societies of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Illinois, the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the American Medical Association, the Pan- American Medical Congress, the International Medical Congress, American Medical Editorial Association.

13r. Bishop was married March 23, 1885, to Miss Jessie Abagail Button, his wife being the daughter of the late Peter Button, the well known contractor and builder. Their children are Jessie Elizabeth and Mabel Bishop. The Doctor is a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, Beloit College Chapter, is a thirty-second degree Alason, a Knight Templar, a Shriner, and is also identified with the Odd Eellows, Knights of Honor and A. O. U. W.

Dr. Davison obtained a preliminary education in the public schools, was further advanced by courses at the Barrington High School and the Wauconda Academy, and for two years thereafter studied under a tutor. He commenced Jthe study of medicine, beginning his regular course at the Chicago ]\Iedical College (Northwestern University Medical School) in 1880, graduating in 1883. He was a conscientious and able student and at the conclusion of his studies passed the competitive examination for a hospital interneship, and had advantage of being assigned to the Cook County Hospital, wherein the opportunities for valuable observation and experience are more numerous than in any other institution of that character in the west. After remaining there for the full period of eighteen months, in 1883-4,

Dr. Davison's standing, both in the practice and theory of his specialty, is evident by the positions of responsibility to which he has been appointed on the working hospital staffs and the faculties of various educational institutions devoted to the progress of medicine. He has served as professor of surgery and clinical surgery. University of Illinois (College of Physicians and Surgeons), professor of surgery Chicago Clinical School (post-graduate), and attending surgeon Cook County and West Side Hospitals. He is also a trustee of the University of Illinois, a fellow of the Chicago Surgical Society, and a member of the American Medical Association, the Illinois State Medical Society and the Chicago Medical Society. Socially and fraternally, he is identified with the Illinois Club and the Masons, being a Knight Templar and a member of the Mystic Shrine.

On October 20, 1887, Dr. Davison was married to Mary Lavina Kidd, by whom he has had one child, Charles Marshall Davison, born April 16, 1896. His home is at 955 Jackson boulevard . and his down-town office No. 103 State street.

of Chicago medicine and surgery. Upon locating in Chicago he at once became identified with Dr. H. P. Newman in his private and institutional work and has ever been an enthusiastic teacher in post-graduate and undergraduate work. Dr. Barrett is adjunct professor of gynecology and clinical gynecology in the medical department of the University of Illinois (College of Physicians and Surgeons) ; surgeon and gynecologist to Marion Sims Hospital; gynecologist to Chicago Polyclinic School and Hospital ; obstetrician to Cook County Hospital, and formerly professor of gynecology in Chicago Clinical School. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the Chicago Medical Society, the Illinois Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, a fellow of the Chicago Gynecological Society, and member of Public Health Defense League.

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a mechanical turn of mind, and is naturally ambidextrous. He began life on a farm, spent many of his younger years in acquiring an education, and has won advancement in his profession on his own merits. He was born at Blissfield, Michigan, December 14, 1866, and was reared at Hudson, Michigan. His father was David Fowler Barrett, a son of Israel Barrett, whose ancestors lived in Berkshire county of western Massachusetts during the colonial era. The maternal ancestors of the Doctor's father were Blanchards, who settled at Munson, Massachusetts, at a very early date. Dr. Barrett's mother was Martha C. Dewey, a daughter of Jesse Dewey, whose birthplace and ancestral seat was in A'ermont; her mother was a Wilcox, of New England Puritan stock.

After attending common school and Fayette Normal University, and Hillsdale College, Dr. Barrett taught in common and graded schools for six years. He began studying medicine at Hillsdale, Michigan, in the office of Dr. Bion Whelan, and afterward, from 1892 to 1895, in the Detroit College of Medicine, where he graduated in the latter year with the degree of M. D. He was an interne at St. Luke's Hospital, Detroit, 1893-95, was house physician and surgeon-in-chief at Harper Hospital, 1895-96; was house physician, 1896-98, and assistant surgeon, 1898-1904, at Marion Sims Hospital; assistant surgeon Chicago Clinical School, 1896-99; instructor and assistant in gynecology. College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1896- 1900 Dr. Barrett married, July 22, 1896, Miss Lulu May Alvord. Their children are: Russell Alvord, born February 26, 1899; Florence Louise, born June 6, 1900, died September 18, 1902 ; Helen Elizabeth, born October 21, 1902. Their residence is at 28 St. James place, and his office at 100 State street.

and subsecjuently to South Bend, Indiana. The family still later removed to Webster City, Iowa, and there resided for eleven years, during which period young Rhodes made good progress in his education. At the age of sixteen he returned with the family to South Bend, Indiana, and at a later date to Belvidere, Illinois.

After a preliminary course of instructioii Dr. Rhodes entered the University of Chicago, from which he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1876. During this period he proved himself a thorough university man, being actively identified with the college societies and Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, editor of the college paper, president of the literary society and especially prominent in oratorical contests. Three years after leaving the university his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of A. M. The summer succeeding his graduation Dr. Rhodes spent in the east, visiting the Centennial Exposition, and subsequently locating in Sacramento, California, where he entered the employ of Huntington, Hopkins & Company, wholesale hardware merchants

After a successful career of seven years in connection with the house named, Dr. Rhodes commenced the realization of a slowly maturing determination to assume for his life work the medical profession. Locating in Chicago again, he was matriculated at Rush Medical College in 1883, and three years thereafter graduated as valedictorian of his class. Several months of European travel and study followed, after which he returned to Chicago and became associated with Dr. E. Fletcher Ingals and engaged in general practice.- After a few years, however, he confined himself to the specialties in which his professional associate and friend had already acquired such eminence. Early in this special practice Dr. Rhodes was elected by the faculty of Rush Medical College as lecturer on laryngology and diseases of the chest, and he was later advanced to the associate professorship of the same chair, which he still occupies. At one time he was also professor of physical diagnosis and clinical medicine of the Woman's Medical School. For ten years he was secretary and treasurer of the Rush Medical College Alumni Association, was historian of the college, president of its Instructors' Association, a leading member of the Nu Sigma Nu, and in every detail as earnestly interested in the welfare of his medical alma mater as of his literary sponsor, the University of Chicago.

At the present time Dr. Rhodes is laryngologist to St. Mary's of Nazareth Tlospital and the Home for Destitute Crippled Children, consulting physician to Chicago Relief and Aid Society, and attending physician to Marion Sims Sanitarium and Charleston (111.) Sanitarium. He is a member of the American Laryngological Associa- tion, Chicago Laiyngological and Otological Society, American Medical Association, Illinois State Medical Society, Chicago Medical Society, and Physicians' Club. He is also identified with the Chicago Athletic Association and the Forty Club.

Dr. Rhodes was married in Sacramento, California, July 12, 1877, to Miss Anna Louise White, and their children are John Edwin, Jr., and Margaret. In politics, the Doctor is a Republican, and in religion a Baptist.

(Jones) O'Neill. His father was born in Swansea, Wales, and his mother in Hereford. The Doctor received his early education in English parochial and American public schools, and afterward made a thorough study of the classics under private instructors. His professional education was also remarkably complete, graduating as he did from the Medical Department, University of Kansas, Kansas City, in 1890. He became full partner of S. S. Todd, emeritus professor gynecology and president Kansas City Medical College for eighteen years. Dr. O'Neill took post-graduate studies at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and the New York Pol3''clinic, and received a post-graduate degree from Jefferson Medical College, and Midland University conferred that of Ph. D. upon him.

Dr. O'Neill has been a resident practitioner since 1894, his standing as a physician and surgeon being recognized by the profession in his appointment to such positions as the following, which he now holds : President and surgeon-in-chief of the Columbia Hospital, and professor of medical jurisprudence of the Chicago College of Law. He also filled the chair of diagnosis at the Harvey Medical College for five years. lie is a member of the Chicago Medical Society, American Medical Association, Illinois State Medical Society, the American Electro-Therapeutic Association, and Tri-State Medical Association, and president Illinois State Electro-Therapeutical Association. Dr. O'Neill is the father of one child, Christopher S. O'Neill. The family residence is at 4327 Drexel Boulevard, and offices at 103 State street.

and Rosina (Muschaweck) Hotz, who thoroughly beHeved in giving their son a substantial and broad education. After attending the common school of his native place, he entered the lyceum or preparatory school to the university, and after graduating from it at the age of eighteen years took up his medical studies with energy and determination. At the University of Jena he first began a four years' course in his profession, and completed his medical studies at Heidelberg, from which he graduated in 1865 with his degree of M. D. During the last year of his course there and for twelve months after graduation, he served as interne at the University hospital, and in 1866 had the advantage of experience as an army surgeon in the Austro-Prussian war. Soon afterwards he pursued advanced studies on the eye and ear at Berlin and Vienna, under such eminent specialists as Graefe, Arlt, Jaeger and Politzer. He was appointed house surgeon at the University hospital of Heidelberg, and in 1869 attended clinics at Paris, London, Edinburgh and Glasgow.

With this varied experience and thorough professional education, in August, 1869, Dr. Hotz came to the United States, and at once located in Chicago for practice. In the following year he was appointed oculist and aurist at Cook County hospital, and after holding the position for five years became attending surgeon at the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. He retained the latter position until 1892, or for a period of seventeen years. The Doctor entered the educational field in 1871 as professor of ophthalmology and otology at the Woman's Medical College, occupying that chair for four years. In 1888 he was elected professor of ophthalmology in the Chicago Policlinic, in 1897 became oculist and aurist at the Presbyterian hospital and in 1898 professor of ophthalmology and otology at Rush Medical College, and these three positions he still holds. In 1888 he was made chairman of the section of ophthalmology and otology of the American Medical Association, an honor never accorded a member of the profession without a national reputation for surgical skill and deep scholarship. The Doctor also founded the Chicago Society of Ophthalmology and Otology, of which he was the presi- dent the first three years. He is still a leading member of this organization, as well as of the Chicago Medical Society (president in 1892), American Medical Association, Illinois State Medical Society and the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otology.

Dr. Hotz has contributed largely to ophthalmic and otological journals, especially on new and improved operations for entropium, ectropium and symblcpharon. He is the author of the valuable chapter on ''Lid Operations," for the "American Textbook of Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat," and among the most noticeable of his brochures may be mentioned the following : 'Tntra-Ocular Lesions Through Sun-Strokes," "New Operation for Entropium," "Mastoid Operations," "Plastic Lid Surgery" and "Skin Grafts in Eye Surgery." The Doctor also has always taken a deep interest in educational affairs outside of his profession, and in 1875 was chosen as a member of the Public Library Board of Chicago, serving thus with fidelity and efficiency for three j^ears.

On January 6, 1873, Dr. Hotz was united in marriage with Miss Emma Rosenmerkel, daughter of Adolph ^Rosenmerkel, the first German druggist to settle in Chicago. The six children born to this union are Olga, Elsa, Lucille, Katherine, Marguerite and Clara. The Doctor has a beautiful summer residence at Morton Grove, Illinois, known as "The Pines." He is a man of decided domestic tastes, and his club life is confined to the Chicago Athletic Association. His downtown office is at No. 34 Washington street, the Venetian building.

valuable mvestigations and discoveries of this eminent Chicago physician and surgeon in the field of medical science. Editorially, the occasion was announced to be "Byron Robinson's silver jubilee in medicine," and the tributes collected from leading members of the profession in the United States, Canada, England, Germany and Australia, were notable for their invariable admission that Dr. Byron Robinson has been found a real scientific investigator and discoverer, who ranks with the learned and original anatomists and pathologists of the day.

"All his writings breathe the same spirit of critical inquiry and thought. He is a leader in the hard working band in our profession who take an active part in unraveling the many mysteries which must be cleared before rational medicine triumphs over disease which now baffles our skill. From the very beginning of his professional career he has by word and example taught the great truth that the modern physician must be a scientist if it is his ambition to remain in the front rank of the most progressive of all professions. His life and work furnish a striking example of what the progressive physician should be, and which is well calculated to impress upon the younger members of the profession that, combined with science, medicine is the noblest of all professions; without science, the meanest of all trades.

"The amount of scientific work accomplished by Byron Robinson outside of a large and onerous gynecological and surgical practice is something phenomenal. No man in this or any other country has contributed more to medical literature in the same space of time. His writings are found in nearly every medical journal in the United States, and extracts of them, in foreign journals of many tongues which reach the remotest parts of the world. When I was in Adelaide. Australia, I became intimately acquainted with Professor Archibald Watson. One evening we discussed medical subjects, and among other things he said : 'There is one mjin in the United States whose writings I always read, and his name is Byron Robinson.' Recently a prominent American physician visited a distinguished surgeon in Paris, and in conversation the latter made an allusion to a man in Chicago who in his estimation- had made the most important contribution to the science of anatomy on this side of the Atlantic, and whose name for the moment he could not recall. The visitor mentioned several names, among them my own. 'No, no,' said the surgeon, whose memory then lightened up and he said 'his name is Byron Robinson.' The abdomen and pelvis are the fields which Byron Robinson selected for his original investigations. He made no mistake in his choice of subjects for his life work.

"Dr. Robinson's additions to our knowledge of the structures of the biliary and pancreatic ducts, the utero-ovarian (Robinson's circle), the ureters (Robinson's three ureteral isthmuses), the great sympathetic nerve (abdominal brain), and the peritoneum, are of far-reaching scientific and practical value, and will have to be incorporated in forthcoming works on anatomy. That this has already been done is best shown in glancing over the pages of the best work on anatomy extant, which recently left the press; I refer to Da Costa's Gray's Anatomy, where Dr. Robinson's name appears no less than forty times. Such well merited recognition by such an eminent and scrutinizing author as Professor Da Costa must certainlv be a source of gratification to the subject of this sketch, and gratifying to his many friends. The amount of work Byron Robinson has performed can be best measured by his literary productions. He is the author of two volumes on practical intestinal surgery, four books on diverse gynecological subjects, a large volume on the peritoneum, and a 660- page book on "The Abdominal and Pelvic Brain." He has contributed to various medical journals 600 articles. He worked four years in obtaining material for his life-sized chart illustrating the sympathetic nerve. He spent a small fortune of hard-earned money for the illustrations which are incorporated in his writings for the better elucidation of the subjects of which they treat. How is it pos-

"To give an inteUigent answer to this question one must know Bvron Robinson, as well as his early history. He inherited a vigorous constitution and a fertile, active brain. He is a man of exemplary habits and has an innate love for work; social life, theaters and other amusements have no charm for him. From early youth he was inflamed with the desire for learning. His path to the study of medicine was smoothed by a university education. After graduating in medicine from Rush Medical College, he began the practice of his profession in Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, in 1882. As a country doctor he commenced his experimental work, and it was then and there he laid the foundation of his future scientific career. Unaided by anyone, impelled by his indomitable energy and insatiable thirst for knowledge, he penetrated deeper and deeper into the mysteries of medicine and its allied sciences, until he felt the need of additional advantages to better prepare him for the coveted field of original research. Following this inclination he spent at three periods, three years in Europe, spending most of his time in Vienna, Berlin, Heidelberg, London and Birmingham, iii the last named city as a private pupil of the late Lawson Tait. Of the many distinguished teachers whose clinics he attended and in whose laboratories he worked, he was most impressed by such men as Virchow, Karl Schroeder, Erb. Mendel, Bilroth, Kundrat, Carl Braun, Schenck, Nothnagel, Jordan LloyH and Lawson Tait. Soon after his second return from Europe he accepted the chair of anatomy in the Toledo Medical College, where he taught this fundamental branch of medicine with signal success for two years. After living with Lawson Tait as a private pupil for six months he came to Chicago in 1891. He has taught anatomy for ten years in different medical institutions of Chicago. For thirteen years he has held the chair of gynecology and abdominal surgery in the Illinois Medical College. Anatomy and pathology have always had a fascination for Byron Robinson. To him anatomy is an open book. Since he came to Chicago he has performed 700 abdominal post mortem examinations, and made accurate records of their findings. He has studied comparative visceral anatomy in the slaughter house, where he examined and studied the abdominal organs of 250 carcasses. If one of the wild animals in the zoolosrical Qrardens of Lincoln Park die, Robin- son is one of the first to know it, and has made the post mortem and preserved interesting- specimens for future study, usually before his colleagues knew that another day had been born. All this Byron Robinson has done, besides attending to a large private and hospital practice. He is still in the prime of life, and his ardor for original investigation has not been dampened by the years of toil. His motto has been, and always will be : 'Nothing is so difficult but may be overcome by industry.' "

Little can be added to the above just and authoritative review of Dr. Robinson's professional and personal character by Dr. Senn, the character of whose life work inspires him with a strong fellow feeling, but a few facts may be presented to make the sketch complete. His parents, William and Mary Robinson, were born in England, and, coming to the United States in 1845, located on a farm near Mineral Point, central Wisconsin. Here Byron Robinson was born . and reared, and, after living together for fifty years, his father and mother died on the old homestead. His early education was obtained in a log school house near home, and, after completing a course in the Mineral Point Seminary, he entered the University of Wisconsin, from which he graduated in 1878 with the degree of B. S. In 1879-80, while teaching in the high schools of Ashland and Black Earth, Wisconsin, he commenced the study of medicine, and graduated from Rush Medical College with his professional degree in 1882. He commenced practice, in the year named, at Grand Rapids, Wisconsin; continued for two years, and then went abroad for the first time, as narrated by Dr. Senn. In 1888 Dr. Robinson removed to Toledo, where he remained for two years, where, as professor of anatomy and clinical surgery, he first gained prominence as a practical anatomist and a clinical teacher. In 1891 he removed to Chicago, and was elected to the department of gynecology in the Post-Graduate School. At the present time, besides holding the chair of gynecology and abdominal surgery in Illinois Medical College, Byron Robinson is gynecologist to the Woman's Hospital and consulting gynecologist to the ]\Iary Thompson Hospital for Women and Children.

In 1894 Byron Robinson was married to Dr. Lucy W'aite, herself a skilful operator, a classic writer on medical and surgical subjects, and, for tlie past decade, head surgeon of the Mary Thompson Hospital. To her good judgment and practical professional assistance, in

Lucy Waite, A. B., M. D., has been known for many years as a skilful and successful surgeon and a deep and indefatigable investigator. In the latter capacity she has made some family, on both her mother's and father's side. Her maternal ancestors were the Van Valkenburghs, a substantial Dutch family of the Netherlands. Of those who settled in Canada and New York not a few were descended from former residents of the historic Ghent. They were staunch supporters of the Revolution, several of them holding high positions in New York commands. Her grandfather, Dr. Daniel D. Waite, was one of the pioneer physicians of the city, being among the early presidents of the Chicago Medical Society.

The Doctor is a native of Chicago, a daughter of ex-Judge Burlingame and Catherine (Van Valkenburgh) Waite, her mother having been a native of Canada, a graduate of Oberlin College, and, while a resident of Chicago, founder of the widely known Hyde Park Seminary. She is a lawyer and former publisher of the Chicago Law Times. At the International Council of Women, held at Washington in 1888, Mrs. Catherine Waite was elected president of the Woman's International Bar Association, and -both as a writer and a pioneer lawyer among women she achieved national fame.

The father, Burlingame Waite, was a New Yorker, and had practiced in Chicago for years before President Lincoln (in 1862) appointed him judge of the Supreme Court of Utah. In 1865 he resigned this ofiEice after making a national record in the various complications between the supreme judiciary and the Mormon church. In the year mentioned Judge Waite became district attorney for the territory of Idaho, but returned to Chicago in the following year and now resides here and at the age of 84 retains his mental and physical vigor and is actively engaged in his literary work. Judge Waite has an international reputation among scholars as the author of "The Christian Religion to the Year 200."

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has held for ten years. She fitted herself for such a position through years of training both in this country and in Europe. When she decided to devote herself to surgical work she went to Europe and took up the special branches of gynecology and abdominal surgery. After two years spent in the clinics of \'ienna and Paris she returned to America and continued her studies in the post-graduate medical schools in this country. Dr. Waite is a graduate of the Chicago University. In 1880 she took the degree of B. A. in the old University and later her degree was re-enacted by the new University. In 1883 she took a medical degree from the Hahnemann Medical College and later from the Harvey Medical School of Chicago. During the two years spent in Europe she was under the personal tuition of Carl Braun, Spaeth and Pavlik in Vienna, and Pean, Pozzi and Doleris in Paris. She is a good German and French scholar, having l^een obliged to master these languages while prosecuting her studies abroad.

In 1894 Dr. Waite was married to Dr. Byron Robinson. She is at present clinical professor of gynecology (extra mural) in the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Dr. Waite conducts one of the largest gynecological clinics in the city, which she uses to the best advantage in teaching this branch to the women students of the college. She is a member of the American Medical Association and of the Chicago Medical Society.

authority upon the skill and scholarship of the younger practitioner. Dr. Doane is a native of Illinois, born at Oak Park on the i6th of August, 1868, being the son of Thomas H. and Mary Warren (Kellogg) Doane. His advanced education in literary and scientific branches was obtained in the Oak Park High School and at Phillips Exeter Academy, his graduation from the latter occurring in 1892.

Dr. Doane's medical education was acquired at Rush ISIedical College, Chicago, from which he graduated in 1895 ^^ith the degree of M. D. Afterward he served for eighteen months, in 1895-7, as interne at the Presbyterian Hospital, and the three months following were spent in the service of the State Board of Health in the maintenance of the quarantine against yellow fever at Cairo, Illinois. In the fall of 1897 he began practice on the north side, Chicago, and shortly afterward became associated with Dr. Henrotin, as stated. The five years thus passed were spent in the performance of surgical and g}mecological work in the various hospitals of the city. He was also for four years on the surgical staff of Cook County Hospital, and has been attending surgeon at the Central Free Dispensary and instructor in surgery at Rush Medical College. He has contributed interesting and valuable monographs on surgical subjects to standard periodical literature, and is a well known member of the American Medical Association, State and Chicago Medical societies, and the Physicians' Club of Chicago.

Dr. Doane was married January i, 1903, to Miss Helen Pullman Stewart, daughter of Graeme Stewart, and their two children are Helen Stewart and Graeme Stewart Doane. The family residence is at No. 541 North State street, and the down-town office in the Venetian building, 34 Washington street. Dr. Doane is identified with the Chicago, University, Saddle and Cycle and South Shore Country Clubs. He is a Republican in politics and a Presbyterian in religion.

27th of February, 1853; his parents were Alexander and Ann (McFadyen) Ferguson; his paternal ancestors being the famous Fergusons of Argydeshire, the first family name in Scotland, whose history goes back to the dim periods of time. In this genealogical fact the Doctor takes a just pride, and as he himself can read and speak the Gaelic tongue he is able to follow the family records back to the period of legends and myths to about 300 B. C.

Dr. Ferguson moved to Manitoba in 1874, when he was twentyone years of age, having already obtained a good education in the common schools and at Rockwood Academy. After coming to the western province he pursued a course and also taught in the Manitoba College, and later went to Toronto, where he attended the Uni- versity in that city and the Trinity Medical School. In 1881 he graduated as Fellow by examination from the latter institution, also as medalist, and received the degrees of M. B. from Toronto University and M. D. and C. M. from Trinity University. He also enjoyed post-graduate training in New York, Glasgow, London and Berlin, receiving instructions in surgery, bacteriology and pathology.