Minneapolis City (part 21 of 80)

Just think of one item that the ma¬ jority of them had to put up with, and, generally, cheerfully, too, that of a seven by nine house, with few rooms, at least, and a stuff3'' kitchen, hotter than the torrid regions, so to speak, at times, and so uncomfortable as to drive the lady of the house, stove and all, out doors, with a few boards, 01113", for protection. This was often for a da3", but, man3" times, to be put up with for 3"ears. This is all well enough in fine weather, but when the rain and storm came, it was anything but pleasant. It was under these circum¬ stances, that the meals for those larce families had to be prepared. No mat- ter how amiable a man or men might be, their stomachs were generally quite exacting, and everybody was ex¬ pected to jump around and get that meal on the table in time, rain or shine. In the early settlement of this western country, especially Indiana and Illinois, one of the chief ingredi¬ ents of the meal, was a long nosed and razor backed hog, turned into bacon. The story used to be current, through Illinois and Indiana, that some irreverent person wrote back Kast, to friends, that Illinois was h - 1 on women and oxen. This, I suppose, was on account of the great use made of oxen, for breaking prairie. They were almost exclusively used. From four to eight yoke of cattle, consti¬ tuted a breaking team, often made up, in part, of raw steers, with two or three drivers, with long harsh whips, cutting and slashing those poor steers with sore necks and shoulders. Well, to say the least, it was no heaven for the oxen, and I know this of my own knowledge. This expression was on account of the women having to put up with few conveniences in the house, working many and many long hours each day, to help secure a permanent home. While all this rough out door work was going on, in addition to the corresponding work in the house, they must look after the children, make their clothes, keep them in repair, keep their faces clean and in a pre¬ sentable condition to go to school and church, for they did both, generally, especially in the country settled by Americans. This, except where "hope lends enchantment to the view," and moves every effort to accomplish its object, is no special paradise for women, son, for Richfield is only a small part of ^Minnesota, and the first settlement of any country is attended with more or less inconvenience and hardships. Minnesota, as a State, does not com¬ pare, in these respects, with Ohio, In¬ diana and Illinois. The people of those States had a much more severe time, for they had no railroads, at least for a long time after they were ad¬ mitted to the Union of States. But, as it has been shown that the women were equal co-laborers, it is also true that they were the equals of men in all social ways, as well as literary, so far as anything of that kind was at¬ tempted, or has been, in Richfield. There was a debating school, or lyceum, conducted here, for many 3^ears, in the winter season, in which men, women and the younger people, more or less, took part. Such literary at¬ tempts are among the best schools the young, or even the old, could attend. The resident ministers' wives con¬ tributed their share of the social and well being of society, during this long period, being well seconded by the farmers' wives and daughters. But the day of cutting grain with a scythe and cradle, and doing kitchen work are comparatively past, thanks to a kind Providence, for constructing this great Northwest, and making it a home for thousands of happy people. Also, we should be thankful to a gov¬ ernment which is of the people, for encouraging its thousands of in¬ dustries, whereby the genius of in¬ vention is stimulated to make the labor of life more enduring for all men and for all women.

In closing these items of, perhaps, imperfect history, it is well to say that they have been written as I had time, and probably some repetitions are made, as well as other faults, it not

I will venture a few lines in reference to Lake Minnetonka, an Indian name, meaning "Great Water." It may be asked what this has to do with the history of Richfield. Noth¬ ing, except that a pure, limpid stream flows from the lake and passes through the original Richfield, having many useful mill sites upon it, especiall}" in an early daj'. These mills were of great and special benefit to the earl}^ settlers, in the surrounding coun¬ try. The Waterville mill was built in the spring and summer of 1857, by Jacob Elliott, Joseph Cushman, George H. Wood, Richard Strout, and L. M. Stewart. It was sold to Andrew Craik, in the spring of 1859, and the property still remains in the posses¬ sion of the family. The Pettijohn mill was a perfect God-send, so to speak to the early settlers hereabout. Mr. Godfrey's saw mill was at the outlet of the creek into the Mississippi, and was another useful institution, not only for the lumber it cut, but for the slabs it made, for, in those daj^s, the slabs were left the whole length of the log, and the farmers utilized them for building stables, and, in part, for roofing houses, shanties, etc. There was no Minneapolis, then, to use them for fuel. Tons of fish have been taken, in the course of these years, out of this creek, for food and sport. All spearing of fish, hereabout, is now illegal, but human depravity is such that the small bo^^ and the large one, too, for that matter, get_ some fish in the spring of the year.

As to Lake Minnetonka itself. Look at a representation of it on the map. It is, probably, the most remarkable body of water in the world, of its kind, all surroundings being taken into consideration. Two large cities near bj", the permanent homes of manj' people; in the summer time, visited bj^ thousands of pleasure and health seekers, each year, and sure to re¬ double each 3^ear, as time passes by. It is all in Hennepin County, except that it overlaps the southern boundarj^ into Carver County. It stretches into three towns, Minnetonka, Minnetrista and Excelsior. Notice it again. It would seem as if some great splash of water had fallen from the skies, in a vain effort to wipe out the town of Excelsior, making something like an equal mixture of land and water, of the most picturesque kind. Ba^'s, straits, sounds, islands and promontories are promiscuously scat¬ tered around, var3dng in size suffi¬ ciently to admit the handling of all sorts of boats, to the best advantage. In short, it seemed to be especially made for what it is now used - a sum¬ mer resort.

But these notes are getting too lengthy, and must be brought to a close, but the present Richfield conies in for a few words, in comparison with the old. Three wards of the great city used to be reckoned in the latter, now forming a ver3^ desirable residence portion of it, and will be still more so, as the boulevardincf of the celebrated Minnehaha Creek is completed. The three wards include that, and not a rod of the creek flows in the present Richfield. In the Thir¬ teenth ward, is located one of the most valuable institutions of its kind, in the western countr3', the "Washburn Home for Orphans," commonly called "Washhurn Park." It is for boys and girls. It is a munificence of C. C. Washburn, a brother of Hon. W. I). Washburn. The present occupants number some sixt3' or sevent3'. Near by, and in sight of this institution, in another part of the three wards, is lo¬ cated the Catholic Orphan Asylum, of nearly, or quite, equal importance and usefulness, containing about the same number of children as the other, and for boys only. It is supported by that denomination, chiefly, not being en¬ dowed by any special sum. There is very little manufacturing in the three wards, it being chiefly residence prop¬ erty, for which it is well adapted. So with Richfield. There is not a man¬ ufactory within its limits. Outside of farming, there is very little business, two stores and two blacksmith shops are all, beside farming and some gar¬ dening. But the remainder of the town is well located, consisting of six¬ teen or eighteen square miles, and, it is probable, there are no such number of square miles in Hennepin County that are more than equal to them in productiveness of soil or healthfulness of locality. The territory being occu¬ pied by well-to-do farmers, with a few professional gardeners, renders it pos¬ sible for some of these farms to be divided into smaller ones, for fruit, etc., in the near future, and, by this means, the population increased, so that capi¬ tal may see that it is to its interest to extend the street railway, farther south, into this favored locality. Then the business man will see his oppor¬ tunity of getting back and forth, to the city, thereby further increasing the inhabitants and homes, till it is filled with a thriving and prosperous people.

George Odell was born in Fairfield County, Connecticut, April 14th, 1816. His father was Eli Odell, and his mother's maiden name Amelia Betts. They were both Connecticut people. The Odells were a large family, and the ancestors of George took an active part in the struggle of the Revolution. It was from such stock George Odell descended. When he was about two years of age, his parents removed to Otsego County, New York State, where they remained some ten or twelve years. Here George attended the common schools and received the foundation of his education. About 1820, his parents again moved to the westward, this time settling in Geauga County, Ohio.

The young man lived with his parents until he was about twenty-one years of age. Then he started for himself, as a school teacher, teaching during the winter and working on a farm during the summer months. He afterwards taught in southern Ohio, near Chillicothe, one of the richest portions of the State for farming purl)oses. Later, he removed to Ken¬ tucky and taught two or three years in Fayette County, and one year near Georgetown, Scott Count3'-, one of the most productive portions of that State. From Kentucky, he went to Tennes¬ see, and taught a school, near Nash¬ ville. Here, in 1843, he heard James K. Polk, who was then laying the wires for the presidential nomination, make a political speech. The sum¬ mer of 1844, he spent at the parental home, in Geauga County, Ohio, and, that fall, was married to Elizabeth Clark, whose family were of New York origin. The young couple moved to White County, Indiana, on the Tip¬ pecanoe River - about twelve miles from the famous battle grounds - where they began life on the farm. This region was composed of good farming land, and, for the next twelve years, Mr. Odell and his wife made a hard struggle, and succeeded in im¬ proving and paying for their farm. In the early days, however, there was a great deal of ague in the Wabash \^alle3^, and Mr, Odell was compelled, because of ill health, to seek another and healthier climate. He, therefore, went to Ohio and Illinois, prospecting, and, finallj'^, to the home of his adop¬ tion, Minnesota. In 1856, he took up eiglity acres of land, in Richfield Township, and has since lived on the same farm. In politics, he is a Re¬ publican, believing that, for business purposes and for an honest adminis¬ tration, there is no better part3^ He was a member of the County Com¬ missioners when the chairman of the Board of Supervisors held that office cx-officio, and has been a member of tbe Board of Supervisors a number of times. Although never an Abolition¬ ist, he was opposed to the arrogance of the Southern slave power, and joined the Republican party, at its formation.

Mr. Odell was one of the earlj^ pio¬ neers of Minnesota, and has seen many wonderful changes along the banks of the upper Mississippi. In the early daj-s, people had a very dif¬ ferent waj^ of communicating. The markets were all by the river, and the world moved slowly, compared to the rapid march of events of today.

Mr. Odell has been a continuous resident, on his present farm, for thirty-six j^ears, during which time he has, as an honest and energetic citi¬ zen, had a marked influence on the community, and if the next generation furnishes as good material as that of which Mr. Odell is a type, the world will not move backward.

The subject of this sketch is pleas¬ antly and comfortably located on his farm and can look back on tbe histor3^ of his life with pride and satisfaction. He has one child, Howard Clark, who was married, October 14th, 1880, to

Fanny A. Stanchfield. They have three children, Elizabeth Marie, born November 23d, 1884; George Le Grand, born Februar3- 28th, 1886; Arthur J., born April 19th, 1887.

Mr. Odell, in the evening of life, surrounded by the comforts of a home his energ3- has created, and by chil¬ dren and grandchildren, can fully feel that his life's struggle has not been in vain.

Rev. Joseph R. Manton, for many 3^ears engaged in the ministry, at Rich¬ field, has had a varied experience in his calling. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island, September 24th, 1821. His parents were Shadrach and Ani3" Manton. He early showed much in¬ terest in books and was always a close student. In early life, he attended the schools of his native place and was, later, educated at Brown University. Mr. Manton was ordained to the Chris¬ tian ministr3^ in the Baptist denomi¬ nation, in 1849, and at once entered upon his life work. He was married to Ann Helnie, October 16th, 1850. They have had no children, but adop¬ ted two orphan sisters.

Mr. Manton's first charge was at Gloucester, Massacliusetts, where he remained three 3"ears. He next spent six years in Tennessee, and was, for three 3^ears, pastor of a Baptist church at Quincy, Illinois. In 1860, he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, of Minneapolis. The church, at that time, worshipped in a brick edifice, standing at the south¬ west corner of Nicollet Avenue and Third Street, then the most commo¬ dious and elegant of the churches of the town. The new pastor soon be¬ came ver3' popular, being regarded as a minister of much learning find elo¬ quence. Under his pastorate, the

In 1868, he returned to Minnesota, partly for the benefit of his health, settling in the town of Richfield. He obtained a farm, on the banks of Wood Lake, where he employed his leisure in beautif3^ing the place and tilling the soil, while he engaged in the work of the ministry, in a neighboring par¬ ish. For twent3''-five years, he has continued his work, expending the energies recruited upon the farm in the pulpit and parish. A generation has grown up under his influence. He has buried the fathers, baptized the converts, built up the community in righteousness, and by an example of industry and devotion, illustrated the beauty and satisfaction of a Godly life. At the ripe age of seventy-four, he is still seen in his accustomed places, a beloved pastor and venerated citizen.

Cornelius Couillard was born at Frankfort, Maine, October 30th, 1813, and was a farmer's son. Between the ages of twenty and twenty-five years, he was engaged in the tanning busi¬ ness, and it was during this time, September 11th, 1834, that he was mar¬ ried to Miss Nancy J. Couillard, a very estimable young lady, who prov'ed to be a most efficient helpmate. Next we find him as carpenter on vessels. At this occupation he continued for upwards of twenty years, when ship building, in the Pine Tree State, began to wane. Discouraged, at the slug¬ gishness of business around him, he resolved to follow the crowd of homeseekers and go West, whither he start¬ ed, in the spring of 1854, accompanied by his wife and six children. Rock Island, Illinois, was the nearest point to Minneapolis which the iron horse had then reached, and boat was taken the remaining distance. After a few weeks of rest for the family, he at¬ tempted to rent a farm at Coon Creek, about ten miles above St. Anthony. There he remained only two days, be¬ ing literally scared away by the In¬ dians, who seemed unusually threat¬ ening. A reddish stain upon the floor of the house into which he had moved indicated the spot, it was said, where a white man had been scalped. Re¬ turning to St. Anthon^L he immediate¬ ly rented Mr. Calvin Tuttle's farm, near the spot where the University of Minnesota now stands. He was em¬ ployed upon the first suspension bridge that was ever built over the Mississippi River, and was, in com¬ pany with another gentleman, now dead, the first person to cross the "Father of Waters" on any bridge. Mr. Couillard's claim, in Richfield, was made in the fall of 1854, the two oldest children holding it until spring, or late in the winter, when the whole family occupied it. For the first few years, he had but few neighbors, and St. Paul was his produce market. He was, to a great extent, his own blacksmith and wagon-maker. In 1875, Mr. Couillard met with the loss of his wife, but for whose influence he would not have remained in Min¬ nesota a week. He has always taken a strong stand against intemperance, never hairing taken his first glass. He is a member of the Universalist Church, having been baptized when about twenty-six years of age, in Frankfort, Maine. In his j^ounger days, he voted the Democratic ticket, but became an Abolitionist, when the freedom of the colored people became ail issue, and, since the Rebellion, has been a Republican, until within a few 3'ears, when he has insisted that Pro¬ hibition should be the first issue, fie is now well and rugged, and wears easily the mantle of his declining years.

Jo.sEPH Holland Pound, one of the old settlers of this county, whose rep¬ utation was not confined to local lim¬ its, was born in Kent Count}^ Eng¬ land, March 31st, 1829. Tlie family is of knightly origin and stood among the most ancient and respectable of England. His father, the Rev". Jesse Pound, came to America when Joseph was in his infancy, and took the rec¬ torship of St. Mather's Church, in New York Cit}", at that time one of the most important charges in the countr}". Young Joseph was placed in Trinity School, where, though guilty of usual bo3'ish pranks, he became a diligent student, and a great favorite with his master. Although evincing a marked inclination toward classical learning, he was not able, in consequence of his father's limited fortune, to complete his studies, by a course in college, and, at the age of fifteen, he deter¬ mined to find a substitute, in travel, for the enlargement and cultivation of his mind. A passion for naval life was then common to the American 3'outh, and he earnestly solicited his parents to allow him to go to sea. They gratified his inclination, and he became a sailor on a trading vessel. The next eight j^ears were spent in travel, and were rich in experience, of the most varied nature. He was twice around the world, was familiar with the South American coast, studied natural historj' amid the snows of Kamtchatka, and went to China on the first clipper that left New Y'ork for

Chinese ports. He visited most of the islands in the Pacific and went to Cal¬ ifornia, during the gold excitement of 1849, and took the first sloop up the Sacramento River, practicall}" opening it to navigation. It is a pity that Mr. Pound has left no record of these 3'ears of travel and adventures, as he was a 3^oung man of close observation and emploj'ed his leisure moments in acc^uiring a knowledge of the history of the countries which he visited. In 1849, he settled in the city of New York and began the study of civil en¬ gineering, with his brother-in-law, Ceneral Edward \V. Sewell. This oc¬ cupation he followed about eight 3'ears, and was engaged in some very extensiv'e engineering works, notabl}^ a bridge across St. John's River; the construction of the acqueduct which brings the water into Bridgeport, Con¬ necticut, and was superintendent and engineer of the great Hoosac tunnel, under General Sewell.

In 185G, he came to Minnesota, and settled upon the farm, in Richfield, leaving his famil}^ to enjoy the envir¬ onments of a refined and beautiful western home. He was married in St. Mather's Church, New York City, No¬ vember 15th, 1854, to Miss Jennet Leggat, bj' Rev. Stephen H. T3mg. The 3"oung couple had been early pla3'^- niates and companions, and the mar¬ riage was a happy culmination of an attachment which had steadily existed for many 3'^ears. The 3^oung woman was of a distinguished famil3^, and proved a helpmate, in the highest sense, to the 3muth just making his start in life. They were blessed with eight children. Jane Anna is now Mrs. George Blake, of Forest Hill, New Jerse3q Jessie M. was Mrs. Peter Suther¬ land; Gertrude Rose, is Mrs. Robert R. Finla3% of Bozeman, Montana; Wil- liam Leggatis married toZoretta Bur¬ bank, of Polo, Illinois, and resides in Hannibal, Missouri. When Mr. and Mrs. Pound took up their residence in Richfield, the township was in its in¬ fancy, and, although they had been reared in homes of culture and refine¬ ment, they bravely confronted the hardships of frontier life, and im¬ pressed upon the community the stamp of their own character and worth. For a number of months, they held occasional church services at their house, the aged Father Gear coming from Fort Snelling to assist in the exercises. Mr. Pound was, from the first, interested in tine successful development of the great Northwest, and took a deep ititerest in the politi¬ cal condition of the country. He was an earnest member of the Democratic party, and, although that party was never in a majority in his town, so thoroughly had he inspired the confi¬ dence of his neighbors, for the integ¬ rity and honor of his character, that he was repeatedly elected to office, and given political preferment, aside from party consideration. He was Justice of the Peace, for seven years. Super¬ visor, a number of terms, chairman of the Board of County Commissioners, five different times, and a member of the Legislature, in 1870. He was an actiye member of Gethsemane Church, and was greatly interested in its suc¬ cess. He was a Royal Arch Mason and belonged to the Lodge of Minne¬ apolis.

He died May 27th, 1889, after a pro¬ tracted illness, while yet in the prime of manhood, respected and loved by all who knew him. He was thoroughly good principled and a man of the highest personal character. In his early years, he was surrounded, in his father s home, by men of learning and elegant accomplishments, and these influences made an impression on his mind which had much to do with moulding his character. He was strong in home attachments, and there he exercised a charming and elevating influence. His skill as a linguist was quite remarkable, and he excelled as an elegant conversationalist. Mrs. Pound died February 4th, 1892.

John Byron Goodspeed was born, in North Vassalboro, Maine, April 26th, 1856. His father was Albert H. Goodspeed, who married Mary A. Garvey. In North Vassalboro, John B. spent the earlier years of his life, receiving a practical common school education, in the schools of that place. Although not inclined toward classical learning, he gave to his earlier studies careful attention, and they were the substan¬ tial foundation of the strong common sense which has since been one of Mr. Goodspeed's chief characteristics. When he was about fifteen years of age, his mother emigrated to Minne¬ sota, joining her husband, who had two years preceded her, and, with John and an older brother, settled in Richfield Township, where her broth¬ ers had taken up farms and were resi¬ dents. Here the young man, in order to aid his mother in the settlement of a new home, sought work as a farm hand. For several years, he worked at this occupation, learning, by the in¬ dustry of his own hands, the experi¬ ence necessary for the successful management of a farm. For about seven years, he was engaged in the wholesale business, in Minneapolis, dealing in dressed meats. He was married, November 23d, 1881, to Mar¬ garet M. Graham, and, since that time, has been a farmer. The Goodspeed family are a quiet, unassuming peo- pie, not seeking notoriety or fond of ostentatious display, and the subject of this sketch is no exception. He has been the pilot of his own fortunes, hut approaches the achievement of his personal success with the diffi¬ dence common to sensitive natures. In politics, he is a Republican, and, in March, 1890, was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors, by the citi¬ zens of his township. Mr. Goodspeed is engaged in farming, in Richfield, and his home, presided over bj^ his ac¬ complished wife, in one of cheerful¬ ness and comfort. He is a public spirited citizen, and has earned the esteem of his neighbors.

Hiram Kendrick Wilcox was born at Easton, Washington CountjL New York, December 14th, 1828. He was brought up on a farm, and, as a young man, engaged in farm work during the summer and taught school in the winter. He was married, in July, 1850, to Miss Sarah F. Vandenburgh, of North Easton, New Y"ork.

In 1857, he went to Iowa, where he learned the mason's trade and after¬ wards returned to his native State. When the Civil War broke out, he en¬ listed in Company I of the Sevent}^- seventh Regiment of the New Y^'ork State Volunteers, November 19th, 1861, and was, soon after, made Order¬ ly Sergeant of the company.

Mr. Wilcox took part in all the bat¬ tles under General McClellan, from the time of his enlistment, to the battle of Antietam, which took place in September, 1862. He was never seriously wounded, but, soon after the battle of Antietam, broken down in health, he was forced to go the Colum¬ bian Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, where he remained un¬ til December 10th, 1862, when the doc¬ tors gave up all hopes of his recover^", and compelled him to accept his dis¬ charge and return to his home, as the3^ supposed to die; but a change of sur¬ roundings and diet, together with home care, restored him to health. After regaining his strength, he began to work, at his trade, in Greenwich, New York, where he soon afterwards formed a partnership with Phillip Lawrence and together thej^ built, by contract, many of the largest build¬ ings in the village. He remained there until April, 1875, when he moved, with his famil}', to Minneapolis, Min¬ nesota. The following j^ear, he bought a farm of one hundred twenty' acres, formerlj^ owned bj' Asa Keith, situat¬ ed in Richfield, about one and onehalf miles south of the present ciG" limits, where he lived until his death, Februar3^ 15th, 1891.

Mr. Wilcox was of a genial disposi¬ tion and made man3' friends. He was a staunch Republican, in politics, and, during the last 3^ears of his life, was Justice of the Peace. He was an honored member and deacon of the Baptist church, in Richfield, where his sweet, melodious voice had been heard from the choir, for nearly fifteen years.

His widow and three children, two sons and a daughter, survive him, and still reside in Richfield. The elder son, J. P., married Miss Anne Pease, of Minneapolis. They have three daugh¬ ters. He lives on the homestead and carries on a butter dair3L The 3^ounger son, Herbert M., married Miss Jeanie McIntyre, of Chicago. They have four sons and one datighter. For six¬ teen 3"ears, he has taught in the schools of Hennepin Count3'-, and is now (1892) Assistant Count3' Superin¬ tendent of Schools. The daughter, Mar3' L., resides, with her mother, on

Henry Winthrop Richardson, the subject of this sketch, was born in Washington Countj^, Maine, Novem¬ ber 17th, 1847. His father, Tilly Rich¬ ardson, was born in Nova Scotia, Nov¬ ember 28th, 1817, and went to Wash¬ ington County, Maine, when about sixteen years of age. There he grew to manhood and married Charlotte Garnette. They were blessed with a family of nine children, Eliza Ellen, Dean Robinson, Harriet Cooper, Henry Winthrop, Frederick Josiah, Charlotte Elizabeth, William Ezra, Abbie Emma, and James Herbert. By a second wife, Sarah Jane (Getchell) Day, there was one other child, Nellie Amanda. Hen¬ ry Winthrop was thus the fourth of ten children. In 1856, when he was a mere lad, his parents settled <in what was then Richfield Township, and here the Richardson family grew up, and, in the present generation, are among the thrifty representatives of Edina Village. Henry Richardson began for himself when nineteen years of age, and, since that time, has de¬ pended upon his own resources and labor. He worked, for about twelve years, as a lumberman in the pineries of Northern Minnesota and among the saw mills of Minneapolis. During that time, he experienced the hard¬ ships of outdoor life, and was exposed to the rigor of some very severe north¬ ern winters, He was educated in the common schools of Minnesota, at¬ tending the academy, at Minneapolis, for two winters, where he received the finishing touches of his education. He was married, October 22d, 1871, to Laura Alice Day, in the town of Rich¬ field, and has four children, Harry Benjamin, born January 18th, 1873;

Leonard Lee, born July 18th, 1874; Edgar Levi, born April 7th, 1876; Jen¬ nie Alice, born October 30th, 1888. His wife's mother, Mrs. (Day) Richard¬ son, is also a member of the household. Politically, Mr. Richardson was a Re¬ publican, until 1883, but, since that time, he has associated himself with the Prohibitionists, and believes that the great moral issues should be pushed to the front, and receive the attention of our statesmen. He has been popular with his neighbors, and is President of the Village Council, of Edina, and a director of the school board of the same village. He is not a member of any denominational con¬ gregation, but his family attend the Methodist Episcopal church. He has a farm, of about seventy acres, under an excellent state of cultivation, and to the work of farming he adds that of threshing, owning a machine and power, in partnership with his brother. Mr. Richardson's comforta¬ ble and beautiful home, with its wellkept surroundings, is a permanent monument to the energy and thrift of his life, and he has every reason to feel satisfied with the position he has made for himself. He is especially interested in school matters, and upon all moral questions reflects the best sentiment of his community.

Louis Leonidas Humphrey was born in the town of Huntington, Loraine County, Ohio, August 13th, 1835. His parents were Harry McCombe and Electa (Wordsworth) Humphrey, and they were of English descent. Gover¬ nor Humphrey, of Massachusetts, was an ancestor, on the paternal side. His father was a farmer, in Ohio, where he spent his early years attending the common schools, near the farm, and also receiving two years' instruction in the acadeni}^ of Wellington, near Loraine. In the spring of 1855, his father came to Minnesota and took np a farm in Rice County, being the first permanent settler in that township. In the summer of 185G, the subject of this sketch also pre-empted a farm, built a house on it, and made a small clearing. He had caught the spirit of western independence, and, for the next year, was busily engaged in im¬ proving his possession. In the fall of

1858, he took a school, for the winter, thus occupying months when work on the newlj'^ obtained farm was impossi¬ ble. He was married, September 11th,

1859, to Miss Sarah Eleanor Jenkins, of Cummington, Hamshire County, Massachusetts. The j^oung couple took up their abode in the home he had been preparing and in the winter following both taught school, the wife at home, the husband in an adjoining district. He remained on this farm until 1873, when he sold out and came to Richfield and bought the farm on which he now resides. The farm is composed of one hundred acres of fine farming land, under a high state of cultivation, and the residence and sur¬ rounding buildings are of late con¬ struction and ornamental in design. In politics, he is a Republican, but in¬ dependent in social matters. He is a man of broad and wise views, of high personal character, and has often been honored by his neighbors with offices of trust. He was Supervisor, in Web¬ ster, Rice County, while a resident there; was Town Clerk, in Richfield, from 1879 to 1889, inclusive; Justice of the Peace, from 1876 to 1878, and has been school trustee. He served dur¬ ing the War of the Rebellion, in Com¬ pany I), Eleventh Regiment of Minne¬ sota, Volunteer Infantry, enlisting August 21st, 1864. He received his discharge, June 26th, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Humphrej' have one child, Helen Marilla, born May 27th, 1866, now Mrs. Francis Henry Stansfield, of the town of Brooklyn. She has three children, Francis Reyaldo, Ella, and James Eouis.

Geokge W. Cummixgs is a native of Maine, and, like so many from that State, he has been eminently success¬ ful in his enterprises in the West. He was born April 8th, 1853, on a farm, on which he lived until 1867, when he came to Minnesota, with his parents. The family at first settled in Bloom-* ington. When he had reached his majority, Mr. Cummings engaged in the dairy business, on his own ac¬ count, and was successful. He bought the land, which he has since occupied, in the town of Richfield, in 1878. The rapid growth of Minneapolis, and his convenient location near the city, have added much to Mr. Cummings' pros¬ perity, and, although not one of the earliest settlers in the county, and still a young man, he has laid a sure foundation for a considerable estate.

Mr. Cummings was married, De¬ cember 25th, 1875, to Miss Alice Gil¬ christ, by whom he has three children, two sons and a daughter. His wife died March 18th, 1892.

Levi Cummings was born in Maine, December7th, 1855. He came to Bloom¬ ington, Hennepin County, with his parents, in 1867, and worked on the farm until he reached his majoritj*. After that event, Mr. Cummings en¬ gaged in the farming and dairy bus¬ iness, on his own account. Like a tj^pical "Yankee," he has always been an active, enterprising citizen and has

Cevi Cummings has been twice married. His first wife was Emma O. Gilchrist, to whom he was married October 9th, 1881. She died April 11th, 1888. In January, 1889, he was united in marriage to Sarah J. Young, a native of Wisconsin.

Mr. Cummings is a Republican, in politics, on national questions, but in local matters he "votes for the best man," irrespective of his political complexion.

Horatio Nelson Day. One of the prominent farmers of Richfield Town¬ ship was Horatio Nelson Day. He was born in Westly, Maine, June 7th, 1837, and was the son of William P. and Mary Anne (Hanscome) Day. He attended the school of his native town, during his youth, until he had passed his twelfth year, when his parents removed to Minnesota, settling at St. Anthony. Here the young man grew up, surrounded by frontier life, and was distinguished by his dili¬ gence and industry. He helped his father in the woods during the winter, and worked with him on the farm in the summer. He earl3^, however, branched out for himself, and, when scarcely twenty years of age, bought about four hundred acres of land, in Dakota County, and began its im¬ provement. He was married, Novem¬ ber 1st, 1861, to Mary Louise Hans¬ come, by whom there were ten chil¬ dren, Cassius Meade, born July 6th, 1863; Melvin Grant, born June 20th, 1866; Dora Frances, born December 31st, 1867; Earnest Clement, born Jan¬ uary 18th, 1869; Nelson Joel, born July 16th, 1871; Charles William, born

August 11th, 1873; Elva Media, born December 23d, 1875; Sarah Ella, born April 22d, 1877; Walter Manly, born January 21st, 1879; Llewellyn, born De¬ cember 8th, 1882. Cassius M. was accidentl3^ shot and killed, by a fellow playmate, June 30th, 1875. In the fall of 1872, Mr. Day sold his farm, in Da¬ kota County, and removed to Minne¬ apolis, where he remained about two years, at the end of which time, he and his father erected a flour mill, at Hopkins, but they did not find the business successful, and he sold out, trading for a farm, in Richfield. Here he remained, pursuing the vocation of a farmer, until the time of his death. He died March 24th, 1884, of paralysis, while yet in the prime of life, and the years of his usefulness. He was a Republican, in politics, of pronounced anti-slavery views, but was broad and moderate in party sentiment. Trusted as a faithful neighbor and friend, he was greatly respected by all who knew him, as a man of high integrity, and beloved and lamented by kindred and family.

Merriman McCabe. Among the many thorough, go-ahead business men of Richfield Township, is our fel¬ low townsman, Merriman McCabe. He was born, December 12th, 1843, in the town of Middleburgh, Schoharie County, New York. His father was John McCabe, who was born in Coun¬ ty Cavan, Ireland, June 8th, 1808. Be¬ ing desirous of enlarging his sphere of usefulness, John McCabe sailed to America, where he settled in Scho¬ harie County, New York. Here he followed the trade of coopering, resid¬ ing in this county until 1853, at which time he came West and pre-empted a farm, in Richfield Township, residing there until the time of his death.

which occurred May 9th, 1878. In Schoharie County, New York, August 4th, 1841, he was married to Harriet Toles, who was born May 16th, 1813. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. McCabe, as follows: Mercy, Merriman, Emily, Mary, Amelia and Elnoria, all of whom are living, except Mary.

The subject of these lines, Merriman McCabe, came to Minnesota, with his parents, in 1853, and here he has grown to manhood, and become not only a useful citizen, but prominent in all the affairs of the township in which he lives. He was with Captain Northrop, on his expedition to Fort Kidgely, in 1862. Mr. McCabe was married, to Malinde Jane Roberts, of Richfield, December 12th, 1881. Four children have blessed this union, namely: Annora, born April 2d, 1882; Lulu M., born August 28th, 1884, and Ruth, born May 15th, 1890, one boy dying in infancy.

Mr. McCabe's farm is situated on the Lyndale Road, just beyond the Richfield Town Hall, where he has a fine house and barn, with beautiful grounds in front. Here he and his family enjoy nearly all of the pleas¬ ures and comforts of city life, without being obliged to jiay the burdens of city taxation. He has been a member of the school board for six years, and is a member of the Methodist Episco¬ pal church.

Andrew N. Hall is a member of the early Maine Colony, in Hennepin County'. He was born, in that State, November 1st, 1835, and remained with his parents until 1855, when he came West and located in Minneapo¬ lis. He lived in the city until 1862, when he returned to his native State, where he enlisted in Company B of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, Maine Infantry, and served one year. Mr. Hall returned to Minneapolis, in 1866, and purchased a farm in Richfield. He lived in the city until he took up his residence -on the farm, where he has since resided.

While in the city, Mr. Hall was a member of the North Star Lodge, I. O. O. F. Mr. Hall has always cast his fortunes with the Republican party, but has never taken much part in pol¬ itics, or sought office of any kind.

John H. Hill was born in Oswego County, New York, November 12th, 1820. His parents were Benona and Polly (Pierce) Hill, and were natives, respectively, of New Hampshire and New York. His father was a farmer, but, also, worked many years in a grist mill. Our subject attended the common schools until he was nine years of age, and, from that time on his only chance to obtain knowledge was by his own efforts, and he man¬ aged to work for his board and at¬ tend school in the winter, until he was twelve years old. Upon attaining his ninth year, the lad was put to work at the old fashioned clothier's trade, i. e., wool carding, etc. He continued at this work until he was seventeen, at which time he became so thoroughl}'- disgusted with living with a drunken employer, that he packed his effects and made his way to Albanj', about eighty miles distant, on foot. As the next morning was dawning u[)on this 3mung adventurer, he heard, in the gray morning stillness, the clatter of horses' feet in the distance, and knew that his old employer was in pursuit. Throwing himself over a high stone fence, he allowed his pursuer to pass, and then he went a short distance and took a sleep in a neighboring straw stack. Arriving at Albany, Mr. Hill found employment with a farmer, remaining about two years. He then went to Columbia Count}'-, where he followed the same calling. About 1854, he came West, to Michigan, where he remained long enough to be¬ come thoroughly saturated with ague, and returned to the East. About three years later, he came to Minne¬ sota, where he has since lived, work¬ ing at almost anything he could get to do. He was married, at about the close of the war, to Abigail Caswell, who is a native of Canada. They have one child, Frances, who lives with her parents. About 1888, Mr. Hill purchased six acres of land in Richfield Township, about one mile from the present city limits, where he has since resided and tilled the soil. Although Mr. Hill has had a hard and varied life, his greatest affliction was the total paralysis of his faithful wife and companion, about Christmas, 1893.

Henry F. Bachman, a successful young business man, was born in Hessen, Germany, March 29th, 1858. His father was William Bachman, and his mother's maiden name, Frederika Busch, They were substantial German folk, and among the most re¬ spected residents of Hessen. Young Henry attended the common schools, in his native town, until he was four¬ teen years of age, when he was sent to a business college in Goettingen. Here he pursued his studies, for four years, during which time he applied himself closely to his books. He was anxious to obtain a practical educa¬ tion, which would be of use to him in 3^ears to come. After completing his studies, he went to Fueneburg, where he remained about a year and a-half, as clerk in a notions and variety store. He then went into the German army and served as a soldier for two years. His next step was a partner¬ ship in the milling business, but the venture proved unsuccessful, and Mr. Bachman lost all he had saved, up to this time. Not to be overwhelmed by misfortune, the young German, with nothing more than his brains and am¬ bition left, resolved to start for Ameri¬ ca, and, early in the winter of 1882, bade farewell to fatherland, and came to Hennepin County, Minnesota. Here he found employment with his uncle, Mr. Busch, and worked for him some¬ thing more than a year. Upon leav¬ ing Mr. Busch, he connected himself with the commission house of Hill¬ man Brothers, of Minneapolis, and obtained a business experience which has since been of great value to him. But working for someone else was not to Mr. Bachman's fancy, and, in 1884, he started in the vegetable and gar¬ dening business on his own account. The first year's output was small, but the business has steadily increased, under Mr. Bachman's energetic man¬ agement, until now he has one hun¬ dred fifty hot beds and eleven green¬ houses, and has increased his original ten acres to forty-four. The new buildings are of solid stone and brick, and contain about twelve thousand feet of pipes, for heating purposes. The steam is furnished by two fiftyhorse power boilers. There are about three acres of hot beds under glass.

Mr. Bachman was married, in Min¬ neapolis, October 23d, 1884, to Hatfie E. Dietrich, of that city. They have three children, Frederick William,

Ileury, boru October 3d, 1887; Walter Edward, boru January 22d, 1889. They are all living. Mr. Bachman has two sisters living in this country, Mrs, Annie Brill, and Mrs. Mina Trieloff. Mrs. Bachman's father, Ernest Char¬ les Dietrich, was killed in the Indian massacre of 1862, at New Ulm. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bachman are members of St. Johanies Eutheran Church, of Minneapolis. Mr. Bachman is not a politician, and belongs to no political party. He votes for the man whom he believes the best qualified for the office. In business he has been active and alert, and has built up a prosper¬ ous and increasing trade. He is a useful and prosperous citizen, and has before him every prospect of a suc¬ cessful career,

William Roma. The subject of this sketch was born in Chezztcook, Nova Scotia, October 18th, 1853. His father was a sea captain, and owned a schooner, in which he cruised along the coast of Nova Scotia, furnishing supplies to fisherman and their fam¬ ilies. William often accompanied his father, on these expeditions, during his youth, in the meantime attending a night school in Hallifax, in order to obtain an education. When about six¬ teen years of age, he went to work in a nurser}^, in the citj^ of Halifax, and, for the next ten or twelve years, ap¬ plied himself steadily to that busi¬ ness. His next step was westward, and in May, 1873, he went to Manitoba. At that time, the Red River was blockaded with ice, and had flooded the adjacent country, giving a dis¬ couraging outlook to the young trav¬ eler. He, therefore, continued his journey, after a stop of a couple of weeks, and came to Minneapolis. He lived for a short time in the city, and then went to work, as a vegetable gardener, in St. Eouis I'ark. After a year, he rented the place, and ran the business for himself. Here he con¬ tinued for six years. Pie was married January 7th, 1885, to Caroline Murph3L They have three children, Mary Elizabeth, Charlotte and James. In the fall of 1887, he sold out his busi¬ ness, in St. Louis I^ark, and returned to his home in Plalifax. At the end of four months, both he and his wife were sorr^^ for the change, and re¬ turned to the clear and bracing air of Minnesota. Mr. Roma then bought his present place, where he has since conducted the business of vegetable gardening, on his own account. Al¬ though doing business in a moderate way, he has built up a large and pay¬ ing trade, and has also made several profitable investments in Minneapolis real estate. In politics he is a Demo¬ crat. He is a careful and methodical business man, and of genial disposi¬ tion. His home is pleasantly situated, just outside the cit^^ limits, and is one of comfort and open hospitality.

Townsend Family. The Townsends are a numerous family, in the United States, and have furnished many dis¬ tinguished men in commerce, states¬ manship and literature. An exam¬ ination of the list of graduates of New England colleges, previous to 1834, showed sixteen alumni of the name from Plarvard, six from Yale and five from other New Enefland colleges. P^he^" were earl3" set¬ tlers, William havdng been a merchant, in Boston, in 1030, P'liomas, a pioneer, at L3mn, in 1637, and Robert, from whom, very probably, the residents of Richfield, bearing the name, are de¬ scended, lived at Portsmouth, in 1665.

It is not far from the latter place, fol¬ lowing the sea coast, to Freeport, where the ancestors of the Richfield family resided, at the period of the Revolution.

Denison Townsend. Denison Town¬ send is a native of the town of Bruns¬ wick, Maine, where he was born, January 22d, 1821. His father was Henry Townsend; his mother's mai¬ den name, Hannah Woodside. Deni¬ son was the third of eight children. He received his early education in the schools of Maine, but, being of an ad¬ venturous turn of mind, at the age of sixteen, left the study of his books and started out as a sailor. This occupa¬ tion he followed for the next eleven years, during which time he had many exciting and thrilling adven¬ tures. He was around Cape Horn three times, in Australia twice, and went to California, in 1849, when the great gold excitement of that year broke out. Here he remained, more than a year, suffering the vicissitudes and enjoying the triumjjhs of a min¬ er's life. He returned to his Bastern home, at the solicitation of his family and friends, and was married, in Bos¬ ton, in the year 1851, to Martha Dun¬ ning, who was also a native of the town of Brunswick, Maine. They were blessed with six children, Han¬ nah Maria, Charles, Mary, Mary Ann, Charles Denison and Catherine. Of these, only two are living, Mary Ann, the wife of E. A. Goodspeed, of Min¬ neapolis, and Charles Denison, who lives on the farm, with his father. The latter was married, December 1st, 1886, to Cora Belle Church, and has two children, Harry Steele, born No¬ vember 12th, 1887, and Nettie Marie, born July 16th, 1890.

sota soon after his marriage, and- pre¬ empted the same farm upon which he now resides. He was among the first pioneers of Hennepin County, and re¬ members most of the events which have become historical in the settle¬ ment of the great Northwest. At the time of the Indian outbreak, in 1862, he joined Northrup's volunteers, for the relief of Fort Ridgely, and was out about eleven days. His experiences on the sea had given him a taste for adventure, and he laughed at the hardships of frontier life, and began the improvement of his farm. He now reaps the benefits of his years of toil, and is pleasantly situated, with grandchildren gathered about him, in his declining years. It is such char¬ acters that made the rapid settlement of the Northwest possible. In poli¬ tics, Mr. Townsend has been a straightout Republican, since the formation of that party, and, although he never was an Abolitionist, he was among the first to leave the Democratic party when he believed it was controlled b; the South. In business, he has been straightforward and honest, and can look back upon the varied experiences of his life with the satisfaction of hav¬ ing rounded out his years in welldirected and well-rewarded efforts.

Robert Townsend bears the name of his grandfather, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and who passed most of his life after the war, at Freeport, on the coast of Maine. His father, Henry Townsend, lived in Brewster until after he was married, when he moved to a farm on the banks of the Piscataquis River, in Pisca¬ taquis County, at that time the frontier of the country - a mountain¬ ous and forest covered region, but rich in natural resources of timber and soil. He had married Hannah Woodside. Thej' devoted themselves, with the deligence characteristic of pioneers, to the clearing and cultiva¬ tion of a farm, and reared a family of eight children, one of whom died, in Maine, prior to 1834. Catharine (Mrs. T. \V. Shaw) lived in central Maine until the close of the late war, when she removed to Minneapolis, where she soon afterwards died. W. H. Townsend was the first of the family to emigrate West, coming to Hennepin County in 1849, and settling in St. Anthony Falls. G. W. Townsend came to Hennepin County in 1851, settling in Richfield Township, upon the farm where Mrs. Hubbard now lives. Denison Townsend, q. v., came also in 1854. One sister, Hulda Ann (Mrs. D. P. Spafford), came here^ with her father and Robert, in 1853, Mr. Spafford is now deceased, and his widow resides in Northeast Minne¬ apolis. In 1854, Mary S. (Mrs. M. W. Getchell) came to Minnesota. She died, in California, in the spring of 1894.

Robert, the subject of this biog¬ raphy, was born at Guilford, Piscata¬ quis County, Maine, December 31st, 1834. He passed his j^outh upon the paternal farm, amid the magnificent scenery of the mountains and lakes of Piscataquis County, of which Katahdin and Moosehead are splendid samples. His mother died, July 22d, 1850, when he was sixteen years old, and when he was nineteen, his father decided to leave the old homestead, and to seek a new home in the West, where the children might have a better oppor¬ tunity than was open for them among the hills of Central Maine. Follow¬ ing the track of many who had left Maine to pursue the vocations of woodsmen, among the pine forests of the Northwest, Mr. Townsend came to Minnesota in 1853, and settled upon a fair tract of land in the present town of Richfield. It contained about one hundred forty-five acres, and was taken under the pre-emption law, about two years later, when it came into market. The location was upon the present main route from the falls of St. Anthony to the Bloomington ferry, and in the very center of the town. Near it, was afterwards locat¬ ed the town hall, and one of the principal churches. This farm has remained ever since in the family, and was purchased by Robert Townsend, in 1866, and his home has always been near it. Forty years of cultivation has made it one of the most beautiful, as it is one of the most productive, of the farms of this model town of Rich¬ field.

Henry Townsend, the father, was born February 14th, 1793, and sur¬ vived for twenty-one years after locat¬ ing here, passing away March 17th, 1874, at the ripe age of eighty-one j'^ears. Meanwhile, two of his chil¬ dren had settled around him, where they constitute most respected and useful members of the rural society.

Robert married Miss Mary A. Brews¬ ter, also a resident of Richfield, June 5th, 1861. Mrs. Townsend was born, in the town of Dresden, near Lake George, Washington County, New York, November 9th, 1837. She was the daughter of Nathaniel O. and Delight (Winchester) Brewster, both of whom were natives of Vermont. Her parents are now deceased. Her father was born April 1st, 1788, and died April 1st, 1869, at Mrs. Town¬ send's home, in Richfield, at the age of eighty-one years. In the East, Mr. Brewster had followed farming and lumbering, having had a saw mill, where he manufactured his lumber. Mrs. Townsend's mother died in New York, in 1860.

Mr. and Mrs. Townsend have had four children, Eoretta V., now wife of Frank M. Talbot, of New York City, was born February 1st, 1864; Ida May was born June 3d, 1866; Nellie D. was born May 26th, 1871; Robert Henry was born January 5th, 1880, and died September 28th, 1891.

Mr. Townsend, now in the meridian of his age, has pursued a quiet and unostentatious life, content to dis¬ charge the duties of neighborhood and citizenship, without seeking pre¬ ferment. He has cultivated his farm, gaining an easy and liberal livelihood, and kept himself in touch with the activities of the time. He has acted with the Republican party, and if one subject has drawn his sympathy and support more than another, it is the promotion of common education'. The schools of his district and town have been subjects of his care and solicitude. R. J. Baldwin.

Gilbert Chandler was born, in Garland, Maine, March 3d, 1824. His parents were James Jewitt, and Har¬ riet (Sylvester) Chandler. His father was born in Hawkington, New York, in 1800. At the age of seven years, he went to Garland, Maine, with his grandfather, John Chandler, and here he resided upon the farm his grand¬ father settled upon, until his death, at the age of eighty-six years. He was a member of the Free Will Baptist Clmrch, and held many town offices in Garland.

years of age, at which time he engaged in the foundry business, with his brother, Charles, at Foxcraft, Maine, in which business they continued for eighteen years. In 1869, he came to Minneapolis, and, for about ten years, resided in the city, working, during that time, in the Minneapolis Har¬ vester Works. In 1879, he purchased thirty-four acres of beautiful land, be¬ low Minnehaha Falls, in the township of Richfield, where, since that time, he has been engaged, with his son, Elmer M. Chandler, in raising small fruit and vegetables. Here, just over the present line of the city of Minne¬ apolis, he built a beautiful home, in 1886.

Mr. Chandler was married, Septem¬ ber 14th, 1856, to Susan B. Mitchel, who was born in Dover, Maine, in 1831. Mrs. Chandler is the daughter of Mortica and Hannah (Judkins) Mitchel, the latter being born at East Fivermore, Maine. Her father was a farmer, the only son, in a family of eight children, born at Dover, Maine, and was very prominent in both pub¬ lic and private life, at Foxcraft, Maine, at which place he was educated, at the Foxcraft academy, there meeting the lady who became his future life part¬ ner. He held many local offices in the town in which he lived, and repre¬ sented his district in the State Fegislature for three terms. He was a member of the Universalist church, and here we might add, that both Mrs. Chandler and her husband are be¬ lievers in the same doctrine. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Chandler, Elmer M. and Florence F., the latter now residing in the city.

Mr. Chandler was, for a long time, treasurer of the South Minneapolis school, before that settlement was taken into the city. He is also a verj^

Elmer M. Chandler, was born in Maine, and came to Minnesota, with his parents, when a boy. He received a large share of his education in Min¬ neapolis schools, and, upon reaching manhood, engaged in business in this beautiful city of the West.

He was married, December 24th, 1887, to Dora Sewall, of Lake City, Minnesota. Three children have been born to them, as follows; Loye W., Gilbert, and Mabel. Mr. Chandler en¬ gaged with his father, in 1879, in the small fruit and vegetable business, also carr3dng on a fruit box manufac¬ tory in Minneapolis. For the last two years, he has carried on quite an ex¬ tensive business, in the way of rais¬ ing and buying Hubbard squash, which he ships by the car loads, to Boston, Massachusetts, where he re¬ ceives for them, from fifty to sixty dollars per ton.

Charles Haeg. The late Charles Haeg was a native of German^L g vet¬ eran of the Mexican War, and one of the early pioneers of Hennepin Coun¬ ty. He was born July i3th, 1819, and, while a boj^, learned the trade of cabi¬ net maker, in his native land. When a 3"oung man, he served three j^ears in the German army and came to the United States, in 1844. In September, the following year, Mr. Haeg enlisted, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and served, under General Scott, during the whole Mexican campaign. At the close of that great struggle, he was ordered to Fort Snelling, in 1848, where he re¬ mained six months, and was then re¬ moved to Fort Ridgely. Mr. Haeg received his discharge from the Ihiited States army, in 1851, and, in Septem¬ ber of that j^ear, settled on a claim about five miles north of St. Anthonj^, where he lived until 1853, at which time, he removed to Richfield Town¬ ship. In 1865, he purchased the farm in that township, upon which he re¬ sided until his death, which occurred February 3d, 1891.

Mr. Haeg was twice married, the first time, in 1856, to Mary Walter,who died in 1866. By this union, seven children were born, but these happy relations were cut short by the un¬ timely death of his wife.

Mr. Haeg was again married to Al¬ bertina L. Adelman. By his second wife, he also had seven children. The widow now resides at 233 Iglehart Street, St. Paul, with the 3'^ounger children.

Mr. Haeg has been succeeded in the farming business, in Richfield, by his son, Charles J. Haeg, a native of that township, born June 1st, 1858. Charles J., upon reaching a sufficient age, worked, with his father, at cabinet making. Since the death of his father, he has taken charge of the farm, and in this work, he is quite as successful as his father. He was married June 3d, 1884, to Albertina Kramer. By this union, there were two children, Arthur and Clara. Charles J. had the misfortune to lose his wife, by death, August 3d, 1893.

It was wholly wooded and rolling, some parts being hilly. The morainic ridges are high and frequent, in the southwest quar¬ ter. Two valleys run through the town, through one of which flows Minnehaha Creek, in an easterly direction, to the Mississij^pi, and through the other. Purgatory Creek, in a southerly direction, to the Minne¬ sota River. The highest source of the latter creek is in a marsh, on sec¬ tions 16 and 17, nearly on a level with Lake Minnetonka, near which marsh also flows Minnehaha Creek. Profes¬ sor Winchell saj^^s that it is certain that a former discharge from Lake Minnetonka was through the valley of Purgatory Creek. The altitude of the town averages a thousand feet above sea level. That part near Lake Minne¬ tonka has, until within a few years, been covered with a heavy growth of maple, oak, elm, basswood and some red cedar; in the south were a few small marshes of tamarack. The soil in the western part is a rich black loam with a clay subsoil; in the east¬ ern part it is more variable, but, gen¬ erally, a sandy loam.

Gray's Lake, in the northwestern part, is really an arm of Lake Minne¬ tonka. Shady Oak, Glen and Mud Lakes, being the three largest, lie in the south tier of sections. There are a great many artificial or Indian mounds on the northwest quarter of section 17, and one, the largest in the town, is on the southeast quarter of section 1, near Wayzata. The water is excellent. A large spring, near Purgatory Creek, in section 29, is said to possess great curative qualities. There is also a large spring on section 31, stronglyimpregnated with sulphur.

First Discovery of Lake Minne¬ tonka AND Consequent Settlement OF THE Town. On the 12th day of April, 1852, Simon Stevens, then un¬ married, and twenty-three years old, who had worked the previous year for his brother. Colonel John H. Stevens, upon the first claim west of the Mis¬ sissippi, at the Falls of St. Anthony, and Calvin A. Tuttle, a millwright, then living near Colonel Stevens' claim, having learned, from Philander Prescott, the Indian interpreter at Fort Snelling, that the Indians told of a "big water," towards the setting sun, in the big woods, set out with their guns, blankets and a week's pro¬ visions, to discover and locate this traditionary lake. It must be borne in mind that at this time the present site of Minneapolis (west of the river) was a military reservation, even the name - "Minneapolis" - not yet in¬ vented, and the county of Hennepin not yet established; St. Anthony, on the east side of the river, then being in Ramsey County. Stevens and

Tuttle supposed the lake they were in search of to be distant two or three days' journe3". A little before noon, of the first da^^ thej^ came to a clear, swift running stream, which they sur¬ mised was the outlet of the lake they were seeking. This was near the eastern border of the town. Follow¬ ing the course of the stream, on its north bank, about one o'clock in the afternoon, thej' reached the ba^^ now called Gra^^'s Lake, where they cooked and ate dinner. This was, probably, the first meal ever eaten by a white man within the limits of the town. After dinner, still uncertain whether they had found the "big water,'' the^^ pushed on, westerl3^, and came to Wayzata Bay, thence across the ice, which was about three feet thick, past Breezy Point, to Big Island, where they camped for the night. The next morning, the3^ explored the "north arm,'' and, from its western shore, crossed a narrow neck of land to the upper lake and having ascertained its boundaries came to the outlet, near the present "narrows," then a crook¬ ed stream with some current, about three rods wide and from three to four feet in depth. Here they discussed the feasibility and probabilit3^ of future steamboat navigation on the lake. Returning, along the western shore, they camped that night on the south side of Gray's Lake. The next morning, they came down the outlet to a point about fift3^ rods above the site of the present dam, in the village of Minnetonka, where the raj)id flow of water, and the narrow valley with solid banks indicated the feasibility of a mill-dam, and where the proximity to the forest of maple, oak, elm, red cedar and basswood, surrounding the "big water," and the facility with which logs might be driven to the

Alone in the wilderness, with that sublime faith which in the past three centuries has peopled this continent, they marked out their claim for future settlement, nearly two 3"ears before the government survey was made. The same day, the3" returned to the Falls of St. Anthony, with the first (leBiiite news of their newl3'' discovered lake.

The next week, accompanied by William Tuttle, brother, and Hezekiah S. Atwood, brother-in-law of Calvin A., they returned, clearing a patli to their claim, and chopping thereon, preparatory to building a cabin. On the 16th of June, following, Simon Stevens went out to his claim, with a load of lumber, and commenced build¬ ing. He employed James Shaver, Junior, to assist him. Shaver located a claim, about two miles west of Ste¬ vens', on what is now the northwest quarter of section 17. About this time, Simon Stevens and Horace Web¬ ster, putting 2,200 pounds of supplies in two batteaux, poled them from a point just above the falls (Minnehaha) to Stevens' cabin. It was in the latter part of the month of June, of this year, within the present limits of the town, that the lake, on whose shore it lies, was christened.

A part3', consisting of Alexander Ramsey, Governor, Colonel John H. Stevens, George F. Brott, Sheriff of Ramse3' Count3", John C. Gairns, Dr. Alfred E. Ames, Edgar Folsom, Jack Hane3^ and Sitnon Garve3=" went out to view the newly discovered lake. The two batteaux, poled up the creek, 1)3' Simon Stevens, were used by the part3' in rowing around the lake, and, the same night, the3' were guests of Simon, in the new cabin. After a hos- pitable supper, while they were dis¬ cussing the beauties of the lake, Gov¬ ernor Ramsey turned to Simon Stevens and said, "Stevens, what are you going to name your lake?" to which Simon replied, "Governor, the lake has al¬ ready been named by the Indians, who call it 'Minne' (water) 'tonka' (big)." "Good," said the Governor, "then we'll call it Minnetonka." Ever since, it has borne the name thus given it, and first the precinct, then the village, and, finally, the town, have become its godchildren.

The following September, work was commenced upon the dam. The part¬ ners in this enterprise were Simon Stevens, Calvin A. Tuttle, Horace Webster, Shelton Hollister and Frank¬ lin Morrison.

In the summer of 1852, James Shav¬ er, Junior, brought his wife, sister of Hon. William Chowen, to the new set¬ tlement. She was the first white wo¬ man who lived in the town. She cooked for the men who worked upon the dam and mill, during the ensuing fall and winter. For eighty days, dur¬ ing that time, she never saw the face of a white woman.

The dam was completed about Jan¬ uary 1st, 1853, and the mill commenced sawing early the next summer. The square oak timbers used in the con¬ struction of the first suspension bridge at Minneapolis (1853-5) were sawed at this Minnetonka saw mill. Bass¬ wood and oak were sawed for the set¬ tlers, who now came rapidly. Consid¬ erable elm wagon timber was sawed here and sold in St. Anthony and St. Paul.

In the year 1852, there had come to the new settlement, James Mountain, Mrs. Mary Gordon and her five sons, John McGlagon, George Andrews and John Burgeois (Boozhawoi). Mrs.

Gordon settled on what is now the poor farm, on the present site of the village of West Minneapolis; George Andrews just west of Mrs. Gordon, and McGlagon and Burgeois on the east shore of Wayzata Bay. In Jan¬ uary, 1853, O. E. Garrison and Alfred B. Robinson settled, with their fami¬ lies, on the present site of the village of Wayzata. Eater in the year, John P. Miller bought George Andrews' claim, upon which, and upon an ad¬ joining farm, he lived. At the ripe age of eighty-five, he lived until July, 1894, to see from his front door the smoke of the locomotives upon five different lines of railway, and able to walk to the three railway sta¬ tions within a mile of his home.

The Hon. William Chowen still con¬ tinues to reside upon the claim, which he made upon section 17, in the summer of 1853. He has represented his townsmen in the Legislature and upon the Board of County Commis¬ sioners. The summer of 1853, also brought Pascal Spafford, W. B. Har¬ rington, A. N. Gray, Samuel Bartow, R. E. McKinney, and D. E. Dow; the claim taken by the latter being nowin the heart of the village of West Min¬ neapolis. In the following year, 1854, Harley H. Hopkins settled on section 19, where Hopkins' Station now is, in West Minneapolis. He was always an earnest advocate of good wagon roads and was instrumental in secur¬ ing the old territorial road, from Min¬ neapolis to Glencoe, through the cen¬ ter of Minnetonka. He died in 1882, but his son, Chester L., still lives on the site of the old homestead, the first and present President of the Vil¬ lage Council of West Minneapolis.

Joseph Smetana, Winslow Bren and Joseph Koochera, natives of Bohemia, settled in the southeastern 2:)art, and formed the beginning of the large Bohemian settlement, which has since grown around them. They are a hardy, industrious and frugal people and now have fine farms and good buildings.

Another of the men of sterling worth who came to Minnetonka about this time, was George M. Burnes. His farm is now in the village of West Minneapolis, where his widow and children still reside.

The first marriage in the town was that of Newton Sperry to Mrs. Waters, in the spring of 1857, at the house of William Chowen, by James Shaver, Junior, a Justice of the Peace.

Early Political History. On the 3d day of September, 1853, the Board of County Commissioners of the latel}^ organized county of Hennepin, estab¬ lished the third election precinct, called "Minnetonkah," with the fol¬ lowing boundaries: "From a point one mile above the residence of C. C. Jenks (whose residence was about a mile east of the present vdllage of West Minneapolis), on Little Falls Creek, to a point three miles south of the resi¬ dence of Arba Cleveland; thence west to the county line; then all that part of Hennepin County not included in the precincts 1 and 2." This included the four southwest townships in the county. John P. Miller, James Shav¬ er, Junior, and Stephen Hull were ap¬ pointed iudges of election and the polling place was the Minnetonka mill. In 1858, the Legislattire having authorized township organizations.

the voters of the congressional town¬ ship met and voted to call this town "Minnetonka," under which name, with some added territory, it has since continued, except that portions of it have been included within the limits of the villages of Waj^zata and West Minneapolis.

Villages. The village of Wayzata was originally laid out, in 1854, by O. E. Garrison, who built a steam saw mill. In 1867, when the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad was built, a station was located there, but the town grew slowly. It has, however, alwa3^s been an important railroad station upon Lake Minnetonka. It was re-incor¬ porated, as a village, under the general law, in 1883, and now contains one Congregational church, one school house, with four rooms (two teachers emploj^ed), two general stores, one meat market, one blacksmith shop, and one livery stable, one boat build¬ ing establishment, at which many fine boats, of various sizes, are manu¬ factured.

The territor^^ comprised is section 6 of the original town of Minnetonka, and sections 1 and 12, adjoining it on the west, which were originally a part of the town of Excelsior.

Village of Minnetonka. The vil¬ lage of Minnetonka was laid out by Tuttle, Stevens and Webster, in 18,54. It was also a station on the St. Paul and Pacific road, built through the town, in 1867. The saw mill, built in 1853, was afterwards converted into a furniture factorjL where, among other articles, many red cedar bedsteads were made. In 1860, the mill was destroj'ed bj' fire from which time Min¬ netonka was a "deserted village," un¬ til 1869, when Thomas H. Perkins bought a mile square, in the center of which was the village, and erected a flouring mill, at the dam, which was operated by him and his two sons until 1871, when it was bought by Hedderly and Vroman, who, shortly after, sold it to Fletcher and Loring. It has not been operated since 1886.

A village by the name of Minnetonka was incorporated, in 1892, which com¬ prised all the original town, except sections 6, 24, 25. 36, the north half of sections 1 and 2, and a narrow strip next to the lake. The population of the village thus incorporated, was about one thousand. Two hundred four votes were cast therein, at the (1894) spring election. It contained three churches, five schoolhouses, three general stores, and one black¬ smith shop. It was, however, largely a farming community, and its incor¬ poration left but two sections of land, in the township of Minnetonka, these sections being five miles apart. This anomalous political condition was changed by the decision of the Supreme Court of the State, which, in July, 1894, declared the act of incor¬ poration void, thus restoring to the town of Minnetonka, the territory com¬ prised by the village.

Village of West Minneapolis. The village of West Minneapolis, which, as its name indicates, is a suburb of the city of Minneapolis, was incorpo¬ rated in December, 1893, and comprises sections 24 and 25 of the original town and section 19, which adjoins section 24 on the east. It has a popu¬ lation of about one thousand five hun¬ dred, two hundred sixty-two votes having been cast at the spring elec¬ tion. It contains four churches, one school house (four rooms, with four teachers and two hundred fifty schol¬ ars), five general stores, one drug store, one tin shop, one harness shop, two meat markets, one blacksmith shop, one dynamite factory, one threshing machine factory, three rail¬ road stations (Minneapolis and St. Touis Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway and Great Nor¬ thern Railway), two postoffices, Hop¬ kins and Bushnell, four saloons, the Hennepin County poor farm, one lum¬ ber yard, and two wood and coal yards.

The threshing machine factory has employed, at one time, as many as five hundred men and is, really, the nucle¬ us around which the village has grown. It was established in 1887, and its future prospects are most promising.

The writer hereof desires to thank John H. Stevens, Alexander Ramsey, Simon Stevens, Horace Webster, John P. Miller, James Shaver, Junior, Ches¬ ter Iv. Hopkins, Joseph H. Empenger, and William S. Chowen for information received upon this subject.

Hon. Charles Gibson. Mr. Charles Gibson paid his first visit to Minneso¬ ta, in 1854. He stopped at BushneU's tavern, a frame house, in St. Anthony, near the head of the island. Minne¬ apolis was then still a part of the Military Reservation of Fort Snelling. In those days there was not a biscuit eaten in the State, that was not made from St. Louis flour, brought up the river on steamboats. It was then thought that Minnesota was too far north to raise wheat - at least there was a timely discussion among the visitors at the hotel on this question. No railroad was dreamed of, so far as this part of the country was con¬ cerned, and the visitors made a close examination for peat, in the marshes, as no coal had been found, and, in so cold a climate, the apparent lack of fuel was deemed fatal to any hopes of future growth. Sods were taken out, dried, and found to make as good fuel as the native heaths of Ireland itself. His next visit was in 1860, when he spent the summer at the Winslow House, the large hotel built of rock, which stood on the site of the Ex¬ position building. It was tilled with Southerners. They all left upon two little steamboats, on the 1st day of September, for fear the river might be frozen over, and the^^ would be ice¬ bound for the winter.

The railroads had then reached Prairie du Chien, where tliey disem¬ barked and went to the Richmond House, Chicago. Almost two hun¬ dred of the crowd went on the Ladv Elgin. The whole party had a fare¬ well dinner, and then went on board. The Laclg Elgin was sunk, that same night, in a collision, with the schooner Colonel Cook, and they were all lost, including one hundred others.* Mr. Gibson then spent many summers at the Nicollet House, Minneapolis. His time was occupied in fishing, in the three lakes, Mendosa (Calhoun), Cedar and Harriet, and in hunting over what is now the city of Minneapolis. The city was then a small hunting hamlet, and quite a number of Southerners were stopping at the Nicollet, as hunt¬ ing liead-quarters. When the town grew to be a cit}^, Mr. Gibson bought a large tract of land, on Lake Minne¬ tonka, which, for twenty years, has been his North home, or as he calls it, "Nort Home." He was familiar with every spot on the lake, and throughout the country, and selected this as his choice. He surely made no mistake, as '"Nort Home," after twenty years of careful and costl}' im¬ provements, has become the finest

He has been so largeljL and for so long a time, connected with improve¬ ments on and about the lake, that he is generally considered the father of the lake, in a popular sense. Pie got up and now owns Hotel St. Louis, and in many wa3^s has become so much identified with Minneapolis and Min¬ nesota, that he may jiroperly be noticed in this volume. Man^^ of our citizens ma^' want to know more of the man, than appears in his simple life among us, and we may therefore, appropriately', cojiy' from other biog¬ raphies a short notice of his doings.

Mr. Gibson was born in Montgomery' County, Virginia, in 1825, being a son of Cajitain Hugh and Pfiizabeth 13. (Rut¬ ledge) Gibson. His father's family', originally from Pennsylvania, was one of the oldest in southwestern Virginia. His mother was a descendant of the Rutledge family', celebrated in the his¬ tory of South Carolina.

His father moved to western Mis¬ souri in 1836, when the country' was new, and there were no means for ob¬ taining an education; but his superior aptness overcame all obstacles, so that, after obtaining what information he could from books within his reach, and a brief period spent at Missouri University', he became quite a scholar. He afterwards perfected himself in modern languages, and, through his extensive general reading and scien¬ tific knowledge, obtained from various sources, he is now acknowledged to be one of the most scholarly' men of his profession.

He came to St. Louis, in 1843, and studied law under Hon. Edward Hates, whose friendship he enjoyed more than a quarter of a century'. He also read law with Josiah Spaulding, of

Mr. Gibson commenced his political career in 1844, when he made some able speeches in behalf of Henry Clay. In 1848, he supported General Taylor for the presidency. In 1852, he was elector at large for the State of Missouri, on the Whig ticket, headed by General Scott. After the campaign of 1856, the Whig party ceased to maintain a national organization, but, clinging to its great teachings, Mr. Gibson was known as an "old line Whig." He originated the movement, in 1860, which was warmly supported by Horace Greeley and the Blairs, to present the name of Bdward Bates for President of the United States.

In 1861, when the Civil War broke out, Mr, Gibson raised his voice in favor of maintaining the Union. His co-adjutors were Governor Hamilton R. Gamble, General Frank P. Blair and Hon. B. Gratz Brown. Through their efforts, and assistance of others of like impulses, Missouri was saved to the Union.

In January, 1861, the Legislature of Missouri, then assembled, at Jefferson City, called a State convention to take the State out of the Union, just as South Carolina and other Southern States had already done. Mr. Gibson assumed to lead the Union men of St. Louis in this grave crisis. He wrote an address, took it from man to man and had it numerously signed, calling for a mass meeting of unconditional Union men, irrespective of party, to take steps to nominate an uncondi¬ tional Union ticket. An imiuense meeting, at which a committee of twenty-five eminent citizens were authorized to select a ticket, was held. Mr. Gibson was enthusiastically ap¬ pointed the chairman of the committee, and the ticket was triumphantly elect¬ ed. The State convention was, through the controlling vote of St. Louis, loyal, and, instead of voting the State out of the Union, it deposed the secession State government and ordained and established the loyal State govern¬ ment.

Mr. Gibson was the acknowledged leader of the unconditional Union party, in St. Louis. He laid the facts before the people in several speeches, which were logical, truthful and pa¬ triotic, and as the citizens of St. Louis were wrought up to the highest pitch of excitement, and undecided as to what position they would maintain, his efforts probably did more to save Missouri to the Union than those of any other single man.

So great were his services that he was immediately offered the position of Assistant Attorney-General, which he declined. However, the flames of Civil War spread, from day to day, and, in a few weeks, he was requested to come to Washington, and was urged to accept the office of Solicitor of the Court of Claims, now Solicitor-Gen¬ eral - the highest office then vacant - as a patriotic duty. He accepted the appointment and entered upon his duties. He was the agent of the State government of Missouri, at Washing¬ ton, during the war. His services to the State of Missouri, as its agent, were doubly commendatory, for he neither charged nor received a dollar for his four years' work in the interest of the State.

In April, 1861, there were twentythree thousand Springfield, or long range, rifles, with full equipments of cannon, ammunition and other muni¬ tions of war at the St. Louis arsenal. There were no long range rifles, can- non, powder, or any other munitions of war elsewhere in the entire State. Ever since the war, all military men agree that if the secessionists in the interior of the State had secured these arms instead of the Union men get¬ ting them, they would not have been driven from the State, as they were, by Lyon and Blair. The rides of the Union forces were harmless at one hundred fifty j'ards.

General Sherman frequentlj^ stated that he knew of just two hundred sev¬ enty-three men, each of whom was the sole savior of the Union, but that his name was, unfortunatel}^ not in the patriot list; and so, as time and reflection have demonstrated that the possession of the St. Louis arsenal kept Missouri inside the Union lines, and shifted the seat of war to the South, at least forty men have ap¬ peared, each of whom was the sole person who saved these arms and mustered the loyal men of St. Louis into the service.

The following correspondence, from the official war records. Series 1, Vol¬ ume 1, proves conclusively who that man was, and, owing to the extreme historical importance of this matter, we quote it in full.

Leak Sir: - Idease send two or three regiments of your (jiiota of militia to support the garrison of the Saint Louis arsetial, and to receive tlieir arms and accoutrements there. The commander of that arsenal will also have instructions from me to issue those arms and accoutrements, and ten thousand more to such agent as your excellency may appoint, for which extra arms and accoutrements the State of Illinois will be held re¬ sponsible to this governmetit.

The following letter, written April 22d, 1861, from page 672, shows the remedies that Mr. Gibson advised, and the fact that his suggestions regard¬ ing the non-introduction of militia from non-slave holding States differed from the order of Simon Cameron;

My Dear Old Friexd: - I have this moment returned from a visit to Caj)- tain Lyon, at the arsenal. I find mat¬ ters there in confusion, as to the com¬ mand, and that the force is inadecpiate to the defense of the place. It seems Captain Lyon is in command of the troops, and Major Hagner of the ord¬ nance, and that General Harney has to be, in many matters, consulted. I think that this should be remedied at once, by placing somebody in the supreme command in all respects.

Captain Lyon has only about three hundred sixt}^ meii in all, and of these about tliirt}^ are sick, and thirt3^ others are i^irisoners. The walls are long and cannot be lined with so few men. Cap¬ tain Lyon has received no authority to accept and arm volunteers. There are plenty of good men in the cit}', ready, and anxious, to volunteer at once. This should be attended to im¬ mediately.

The secessionists here have changed their tactics, comj)letely. Such is the excitement created here by the calling out of the militia, that they are confi¬ dent that the people of this State will vote her out of the Union, and Ihey have good grounds to think so. They are, therefore, for leaving everjdhing to the ])eople and committing no vio¬ lence. They have substituted the false charge that Mr. Lincoln intends to subjugate the South iti lieu of their own lawless acts, and have suddenly become the most law abiding citizens. If the State goes out, they expect the public property belonging to the United States to pass ipso facto to them. This is my own inference as to their plans, but I think it is correct.

Captain Lyon agrees with me that both the arsenal and barracks are un¬ tenable as military positions. It therefore requires a large force to maintain the rights of government. To send the militia from any non-slave holding State would be, in my opinion, most injudicious. It would inflame the popular mind to a very dangerous degree. What I propose and earnestly recommend is to enroll the volunteers of this State, purging them all with oath, to the number of three, four or five thousand men. This number can be easily obtained if it be understood that they are not to leave the State. It would place St. Loiiis in the hands of the Union men, and thus give them courage, which they now lack, and it would excite but little jealousy. It would also show that there are Union men in Missouri, which is important at this time. The government would lose nothing in permitting them to re¬ main here, for I think they should be kept here, at all events. They would not lose their citizenship by being en¬ rolled. There is much talk in certain quarters of superseding the conven¬ tion, and we may need all our citizens here.

Permit me also to suggest that it would be well to quietly remove a great portion of the arms and muni¬ tions of war, now at the barracks to Cairo, with the avowed purpose of arming the troops to be there mus¬ tered into the service. One great point to be gained by the secessionists in capturing the arsenal is to get the arms for the State, which is now al¬ most wholly without arms of any kind. I will be here ten days, or per¬ haps two weeks, and any service I can render the government will be cheer¬ fully done. Your sincere friend,

Lyon, resulted from the above letter, and that instead of ordering the arms to be forwarded to Cairo, the Presi¬ dent suggests "Springfield or some other safe place of deposit in the State of Illinois." The President having both communications laid before him, over-ruled Cameron and followed the advice of Mr. Gibson, as the following letter, from page 675, will show:

Sir: - The President of the United States directs that 3^ou enroll in the militar}^ services of the United States the loyal citizens of St. Louis and vicinity, not exceeding, with those heretofore enlisted, ten thousand in number, for the purpose of maintain¬ ing the authority of the United States; for the protection of the peaceful in¬ habitants of Missouri, and you will, if deemed necessary for that purpose, by yourself and by Messrs. Oliver I). Filley, John How, James O. Broadhead, Samuel T. Glover, J. Witzig and Francis P. Blair, Junior, proclaim martial law in the city of St. Louis. The additional force hereby author¬ ized shall be discharged in part or in whole, if enlisted, as soon as it ap¬ pears to you and the gentlemen above named that there is no danger of an attempt on the part of the enemies of the government to take military pos¬ session of the city of St. Louis, or put the city in the control of a combina¬ tion against the government of the United States, and while such addi¬ tional force remains in the service, the same shall be governed by the rules and articles of war, and such regulations as you may prescribe. I shall like the force heretofore directed to be enrolled to be under your com¬ mand.

The arms and other military stores in the St. Louis arsenal, not needed for the forces of the United States in Missouri, must be removed to Springfield, or some other safe place of de¬ posit in the State of Illinois, as speed-

The following letter, from page 688, dated April 23d, 1861, one day, only, after Mr. Gibson's communication, ex¬ plains the necessity for instant action by the government:

Sir: - 1 have the honor to acknowl¬ edge yours of the 17th inst., borne by Captains Greene and Duke, and have most cordially welcomed the fraternal assurances it brings,

A misplaced confidence has, for years past, prevented the Southern States from making the preparation required by the present emergency, and our power to supply you with ordnance is far short of the will to serve 3'OU. After learning, as well as I could, from the gentlemen accredited to me, what was most needful for the attack on the arsenal, I have directed that Captains Greene and Duke should be furnished with two twelve-pounder howitzers and two thirty-two pounder guns, with the proper ammunition for each. These, from the commanding hills, will be effective, both against the garrison and to breach the enclos¬ ing walls of the place. ^ I concur with you as to the great importance of capturing the arsenal and securing its supplies, rendered doubly important by the means taken to obstruct your commerce and render 3"ou unarmed victims of a hostile invasion.

We look anxiously and hopefully for the day when the star of Missouri shall be added to the constellation of the Confederate States of America.

Executive Department

Sir: - Yours of the 20th ultimo, via Louisville, is received. I have no legal authorityto furnish the men you desire. Missouri, you know, is still under the tyrann3^ of Lincoln's gov¬ ernment, so far, at least, as forms go. We are woefully deficient here in arms, and cannot furnish them at present; but so far as men are con¬ cerned, we have plenty of them, ready, willing and anxious to march, at any moment, to the defense of the South. Our Legislature has just met, and, I doubt not, will give me all necessary authority over the matter. If you can arm the men they will go whenever wanted and to any point where they may be most needed. I send this to Memphis by private hand, being afraid to trust our mails or telegraphs. Let me hear from you by the same means. Missouri can and will put one hundred thousand men in the field, if required. We are using every means to arm our people, and, until we are better prepared, must move cautiously. I write this in confidence.