Minneapolis City (part 70 of 80)

Edward Morrill .Tohnson

Edward Morrill Johnson, late judge of the district court, an eminent jurist and distinguished citizen of Minneapolis, was born in Fishersville. New Hampshire, November 24, 1850, but at the age of three years was brought by his parents to St. Anthony Falls, Minnesota. There he was reared to manhood, and later the metropolis which succeeded the earlier village was the scene of his brilliant and useful career. His parents, Luther Gage and Cornelia (Morrill) Johnson were natives of New Hampshire and of notable lineage, tracing their ancestry to old I'Inglish families whose descendant.^ were settlers of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire and important officials of the colonial period. Luther Johnson came to Minnesota in 18.54 and in company with his brother, Mr. .John C. Johnson and brother-in-law. Mr. William M. Kinibiill. started a furniture factory. He removed to St. Anthony Falls in a short time where he engaged in the mercantile business. He was a prominent and well known figure in the early history of St. Anthony Falls and Minneapolis, where his death occurred at tlie age of t'iglity-two years. Mr. Johnson and liis wife were members of the First Congregational church and officers of it, wliere the memory of their faithful and generous support is a permanent memorial. She was a woman of wide influence and her attractive personality won her the popularity and prestfge of leadership in life of St. Anthony Falls. Edward Johnson received his early education in the public schools of St. Anthony and then entered the Pennsylvania Military Academy at Chester. Pennsylvania. After leaving the Academy he matriculated at the University of Minnesota, becoming a member of its first class. He then spent three years abroad, travelling extensively during his vacations and studying in the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin. He studied law in Germany and on his return from Europe he began to prepare himself in earnest for the practice of his chosen profession, entering as a student the office of the Honorable John M. Shaw, at that time the leading practitioner of the city. Here he displayed the remarkable capacity for organization, the studiousness, with a fidelity and attention to detail, which proved the foundation for his success in after years. He completed his legal studies in the University of Iowa, graduating from the law department and beginning the practice of his profession in Minneapolis, He first formed a partnership with the late Edwin C Chatfield. This firm soon dissolved and he entered into partnership with Claude B. Leonard under the firm name of Johnson & Leonard. This connection was broken after a few years by reason of Mr. Leonard's failure in health and absence from the city and for several years Mr. Johnson continued his practice alone, but on the return of Mr. Leonard to the city a new firm was organized as Johnson, Leonard & McCune, consisting of the two already named and Alexander McCune, Th's arrangement continued until May, 1897, when Mr, Johnson was appointed judge of the district court by Governor Clough. He served for one term in this position, where his broad training and experience in life and his gift for industrious and painstaking work coupled with a perfect courtesy and kindness of heart contributed to his success and popularity. At the expiration of his term of office he resumed his practice and during this period he enjoyed a long vacation which he spent travelling in Europe with his wife. In the next few years his health gave way and he was finally compelled to close his offices in 1904, and in 1908, accompanied by his wife, he again journeyed abroad in the hope of regaining his strength. This hope proved futile and after several months he quietly slipped away from life at Nauheim in Germany, .lune 19, 1909. .Judge Johnson was a scholar and practitioner of wide repute but his activities were by no means confined to his profession, few men have had as large a share of influence in so many channels of public life or have left as many memorials of public service in a community. As a member of the city council his initiative and leadership were soon recognized by his associates and he originated many of the policies which made for the progressive growth and best interests of the city, among them the revolving fund scheme, assessment for building public improvements and the transfer ordinance. He was twice elected president of the council and the greatest monument to his thought and untiring effort during this time 19 the steel arch bridge at Bridge square. He was a member of the court house and city hall commissioners from 1889 to the time of his death and for the greater part of this time was president of the board and he gave freely of his time and energy to the erection and the preparing aiid pressing forward of legislation for the completion of the present splendid edifice which houses the city and county offices, that it might be a credit and ornament to the future. And for his faithful supervision the citizens of the county and metropolis owe him a debt of gratitude. He was early a director of the Atheneum library board and gave all his influence toward the securing of a public library, framing the legislative act under which the library now exists. He was a member of its first board of directors and was repeatedly reelected to the board of which he was secretary for a number of years. His efficient services in the many positions of public trust and responsibility and his marked administrative abilities gave him a large political prestige and drew to him the active political forces of his party and he was repeatedly called upon to conduct electoral campaigns in which he displayed a notable genius tor leadership. Aside from the discharge of his public and professional duties, Judge Johnson found opportunity for a successful business career. During the early days of his law practice he became interested in the establishment of the Northwestern Casket company, which had a small beginning in the present plant of the Minneapolis Office & School Furniture company, which lie organized when it became necessary to remove the Northwestern Casket company into larger quarters. He continued his relation with these companies, being president of the latter at the time of his death, .Judge .Johnson was a man of splendid attainments and his life was one of inestimable value to the community in which he lived. He found great pleasure in scholarly pursuits, was a proficient German student and intensely interested in the fine arts, having made a choice collection during his travels of pieces of sculpture and porcelain. The last winter of his life was spent amid the art treasures of Rome. Judge .Johnson was married in 1880 to Miss- EflBe F. Richards of Waterloo. Iowa, whom he met while a student in the University of Iowa. She is a daughter of Doctor W. 0. and Julia A. Richards.

Mr. .Johnson was chairman of the ordinance committee during the enactment of the high License law and Patrol limit law and was very active in the support of both of these measures, which made him very unpopular with tlie liquor element of the city and his life was threatened at times. He was ever on the side of temperance and the rigid enforcement of the laws governing the sale of liquors and was a leader of the council.

The first Ogdens in America were among the pilgrims, their genealogy being traced back to 1453 in England. In America there are records of them as early as 1643, when Governor Kieft's stone church in New Amsterdam was built by .John Ogden, the pilgrim, and Richard, his brother, of Stamford, Connecticut, Later .John settled in Northampton, Long Island, and in 16,50 was granted the exclusive privilege of killing whales in the South Sea, within the boundaries of the town, for seven years.

After twenty-four years on Long Island, John Ogden, at the age of fifty-four years, removed to New .Jersey, in 1664, receiving, with others, a grant of land from Governor Nicholls, representing the Duke of York. He was the first of sixtyfive men to swear the oath of allegiance to King Charles II, in 1665. Governor Carteret made him a member of his council and deputy governor, and in 1668 lie was made a burgess. He with twenty companions was here also granted the exclusive right for three years to take whales along the coast. It was about this time that he was made schout, or sheriff, by the Dutch, now exercising sway over this part of the country. In 1673 his name led the list of eighty accredited to Elizabethtown, New Jersey, and he was soon virtually governor of the English towns in New Jersey under commis- Bion from the Dutch. The Ogdens came to be the foremost families of this region, as attested by the fact that in the church yard of the First Presbyterian church at Elizabethtown, there are ninety-one tombstones, including that of John Ogden, which bear the name. The date of the death of this illustrious ancestor is given on this old tombstone as 1682.

The Ogdens continued in their leadership of industry as well as in their prominence in whatever community they resided. The line traces down to tlie nineteenth century and stands out prominently as that of an early manufacturer of pottery in Cincinnati, Ohio, whose grandson was J. Oscar Ogden. His grandfather and father had been rich and successful, leaving large property in which J. Oscar Ogden shared. He came westward, and early settled in Milwaukee, where he became one of the best known citizens, noted as a close student, a book worm, and some said, a "walking encyclopedia."

James K. Ogden was born in Philadelphia March 7, 1868, but the days of his boyhood were spent in Milwaukee. He entered the business world when he was seventeen, and in 1887 sold paints over the Northwest. In 1889 he organized the Twin City Varnish Company, being its president and manager, with a factory in the Midway district. There he built up a large business, which ranked well with other manufacturing concerns of the Twin Cities, the output selling all over the Northwest and on the Pacific Coast. Mr. Ogden continued actively in the varnish business until 1910, when he retired, erecting the Ogden Apartments, one of the finest buildings of its kind in Minneapolis.

Mr. Ogden married Amanda Drysdale. They have no children, but there are two sons by a former marriage. Sherman S., a student in the Blake School, and Harvey R., a student in Shattuck School. Mr. Ogden is active in the social and club life of the city, being a member of the Elks and the new Athletic club.

Albert Newton Ozias

In the late Albert Newton Ozias were combined the qualities of an educator, the attainments of a scientist, and the genius of an inventor. For about a dozen years he was principal of high schools in Minneapolis, and supervised this feature of the city's educational system during its growth from the centralized, one-school unit |o the expansion of several high schools, each of which included in its curriculum far more than had formerly been considered the study course of a high school. He had for years been an educator, but had found relaxation in the construction of mechanical devices which utilized the principles of science.

and died April 16. 1912, in Minneapolis. His early education was completed in the Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. Then he attended the Ohio University, where he received both scientific and Master of Arts degrees. From the University (and even before) he engaged in teaching, and taught at firat in country schools, then in Xenia, Ohio. From here he went to Des Moines, Iowa, where he taught science in and was principal of the High School. In Des Moines he married, in 1877, Miss Marie Louise McKenzie, who also was a teacher of Latin and history in the Des Moines High School. She was bom in Wyandotte County, Ohio, and was a graduate of the State University of Iowa, at Iowa City. A year after his marriage Prof. Ozias went to Columbus, Ohio, to teach science in the High School. He continued as an educator in Columbus for eigliteen years, and then came to the Northwest again, to be principal for three years of the Racine, Wisconsin, High School. In 1899 Mr. Ozias came to Minneapolis as principal of the South High School, a position which he filled for nine years, and then was transferred to the principalship of the new West High .School, in recognition of his good service in the South High School.

During these years of school work in Minneapolis Prof. Ozias was rather a supervisor than a teacher. After three years in West High School he retired, and thereafter until his death gave his attention to scientific work. Several valuable commercial devices are the results of this portion of his life work. He was an inventor of telephone improvements and he gave attention to other utilizations of scientific principles. One of his chief devices is a compensating balance for computing scales, which is manufactured by the Dayton Computing Scale Company. It was this device which made possible the present spring scale, as it provides for the effect of heat expansion and cold contraction. The device is in general use on the Dayton scales, and gives the Ozias farailj' a steady royalty. Mr. Ozias also invented a metal thermometer for use in stove ovens, and it was to enter actively into the manufacture of this thermometer that Mr. Ozias gave his attention after retiring from school work, and in which enterprise he was active up to his death. The device is now being manufactured in Chicago by a company of which his son-inlaw is vice president and general manager.

He was in considerable demand as a lecturer among educators. He took part in civic work in Jlinneapolis, was for many years a trustee of the Mystic circle, and was a worker in and superintendent of the Sunday school of Hennepin M. E. church for a time.

To Mr. and Mrs. Ozias were born three daughttrs. They are Helen Louise, now Mrs. D. L. Fairchild, of Chicago; Alice, now Mrs. R. V. L. Haxby of Minneapolis; and Mildred, who lives with her mother and is a vocalist, having spent two years in Berlin under noted teachers. Mrs. Ozias lives at 2516 Colfax avenue south.

Edmund Joseph Phelps

Colonial patriots were the forebears of Edmund Joseph Phelps. It is the altruistic spirit which must ever blaze the way for civilization, and it was this that brought his English ancestors to the New World and that which also sent hil parents out into the West to help with the upbuilding of j great cities. William Phelps, the first of the family in

America, settled in Dorchester, ilass., in 1630. He came from Tewksbury, England, and after staying in Dorchester for a number of years, finally settled in Windsor, Connecticut. Joseph Edmund Phelps, father of Edmund J., married Ursula Wright, a daughter of another old American family, and took his young wife to Ohio. The elder Phelps established himself on a farm in Breckville near Cleveland, Ohio, and it was here that the son, Edmund J., was born on January 17, 1845. The son grew up on the farm and there came to vigorous manhood. Always of a vital, energetic type, his early enthusiasm and ambition, marked him for success. He was always a doer rather than a dreamer, or at least a practical dreamer who made his dreams come true. He began his education in the public schools of Breckville. Ohio, and later entered the preparatory department of Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio. Later he was at Oberlin College and in the preparatory department, and later took a commercial college business course. After finishing his business course he was ofl'ered a position as teacher in the Northwestern Business College of Aurora, Illinois. This he accepted and remained there for two years. He was then engaged by the banking firm of Volintine and Williams, at Aurora, 111. Here he gained his first practical experience in the banking business.

The furniture business was the next enterprise to engage Mr. Phelps' attention. He resigned his position in the bank and organized the firm of E. J. Phelps and company. This was in 1870. Eight years later he disposed of the business in Aurora and moved to Minneapolis, purchasing the furniture business of J. B. Hanson and soon after formed a partnership with J. S. Bradstreet, the firm name lieing Phelps and Bradstreet. This firm built up a successful business in the artistic furniture and house furnishings. Their trade extended out through the Northwest and their taste and artistic' skill marked a long step forward in the progress of domestic art in the city. In 1883, Mr. Phelps withdrew from the firm and from the furniture business.

In 1883, in company with E. A. Merrill, organized the Minnesota Loan & Trust Company, which has developed into one of the greatest financial institutions in the city and the Northwest. For many years Mr. Phelps was secretary and treasurer of this institution. A fine fire-proof office building, the first in the Northwest, with safety deposit vaults, was built on Nicollet. The business grew rapidly from the first under the able management of Mr. Phelps and Mr. Merrill. It was the pioneer organization in this line of financial business and has been the model for many similar institutions as the years have passed.

For more than a decade he directed the activities of the Minnesota Loan and Trust Company and then he withdrew from the great financial institution which he had done so much to create, and went into the elevator business. In this he was associated with the Peavey interests and became president of the Belt Line Elevator Company. These two are the interests in which he has been personally and actively interested, but his other business interests have been large and varied. He was one of the prime movers in the establishment of the Minneapolis Business Union and was president of that organization in 1892. This is the organization whith has done so much to induce manufacturers and jobbers to establish themselves in the city. The idea of holding a great harvest festival in Minneapolis as an expression of gratitude and joy at the abundant harvest of 1891, was fcst suggested by Mr. Phelps, and it was he who actively supported the enterprise and made a success of it. Other institutions to which he has lent his co-operation and Support are: The Minneapolis Threshing Machine Companj^; The Brown and Haywood Glass Company, (purchased in 1897 by the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company) the Northwestern Elevator Company; the National Bank of Commerce; and the Moore Carving Machine Company.

Mr. Phelps' tastes and inclinations have not led him to take an active part in politics, but he has always been the most public spirited of men. He lias been a leader and active worker in most of the commercial enterprises of the city. It is to men of this stamp, who have given their enthusiasm, energy and indefatigable devotion to the city of their choice, that Minneapolis owes her phenomenal growth and development. Because of his devotion to the interests of the city he has been repeatedly chosen to represent Minneapolis, in her relations with the outside world. When the millers of the United States sent a steamship load of flour to the famine sufl'erers in Russia, he was chosen to oversee the delivery and distribution of the cargo. When the fairness of the census was challenged by the citizens of St. Paul, and a reenumeration was ordered, he was chosen to represent the citizens and gave weeks of laborious work to the complex details of re-enumeration. He was also active in securing the National Republican Convention in 1892 and was elected treasurer.

In 1905 he was elected a member of the park board and at the expiration of his first term was reelected, his second term expiring in 1917. and for two years was president of the board.

Mr. Phelps is socially one of the most genial and democratic of Minneapolis' prosperous citizens. He is a member of practically all the principal clubs of the city, including the Minneapolis Club, the Commercial Club, the Minikahda Club, the Lafayette Club, the Automobile Club, the Minneapolis Whist Club and the Society of Colonial Wars. He was actively identified with the activities of the Commercial Club and was its president in 1899, at the time when the consolidation was effected, he being one of the promoters and workers in the movement. He is also a member of the Minnetonka Yacht Club and was for a time its commodore.

On September 16, 1874, Miss Louisa A. Richardson, of Aurora, 111., became Mr. Phelps' wife. Mrs. Phelps is the daughter of Charles R. and Ruth (Shepperd) Richardson, and inherits the best blood of colonial forefathers and revolutionary patriots. Her parents came from Salem, Mass. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Phelps consists of a daughter Ruth, and two sons, Richardson and Edmund J., Jr.; two children died in infancy.

The Phelps home on Park Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street, is one of the older of the handsome houses of Minneapolis. It was built in 1884, and is the best of the types of that period. The charming home is often the scene of some handsome social functions, for Mr. Phelps' family, as well as he, is socially inclined.

In all the prosperity and success that has come to Mr. Phelps, he has never for one moment forgotten his obligation to his fellowmen. His life watchword is "service" and he never fails to take advantage of an opportunity for service. His example as a citizen is an inspiration to younger men. That the ri'chness of his domestic life, as well as his material success has been well earned is the verdict of all those who know him intimately, either socially, or in a business way.

P. J. Lyons, president of the Bull Tractor Company, Minneapolis, was born in Westchester, Pennsylvania, in April, 1860, the son of Cornelius and Hannah (Cronin) Lyons, natives of Ireland ^ho came to the United States in their youth. Their son, Patrick J., passed his boyhood on a farm near Pecatonica, Illinois, where he was taken as a child. He attended the public Schools there and afterward moved to Page County, Iowa, where he lived for three years, and from there went to Denver, Colorado, where he remained until 1883. From Denver he removed to Steele, Kidder County, North Dakota, where he spent twenty-four years actively engaged in promoting the progress and development of the slope country and especially Kidder County. He was enterprising, keen of perception, recourceful, a thorough farmer and a good judge of conditions necessary in successful diversified farming. Soon after his arrival in Kidder County he purchased the Park Hotel which was afterward burned down, a total loss, in 1885. He then became an extensive dealer in real estate and farm implements, established a stage route over the prairies to Washburn, a point on the Missouri River, made an exhaustive study of the resouCces of that county and opened up a big farm which in later years absorbed the famous Steele farm once owned by W. F. Steele, the founder of the town. He brought to the notice of the Northern Pacific Railway Company proof of the fertility of the soil on their lands adjacent to the Missouri River and co-operated with them in establishing its value for general farm purposes, which resulted in their making a sale to a large land company of over three million acres of land which today is highly productive under cultivation, growing all kinds of farm products and well settled, and is worth from $23.00 to $50.00 per acre.

In the spring of 1906 his attention was called, through the daily newspapers, to a small and crude but practical gas tractor which was the invention of D. M. Hartsough, of Minneapolis, and was being operated on a farm in Barnes County, North Dakota. Going to see it, the first time he realized the possibilities and future of such a machine in the development of the prairie country in the great Northwest. He immediately sought Mr. Hartsough. and made arrangements in a very short time to exploit the venture in Minneapolis and put that city on the map of manufacturers of farm traction engines, a position it occupies today and its product is sold in every civilized community in the world. He established the Big Four Gas Traction plant on Univei'Sity Avenue and brought that crude engine, which he found in the fields of North Dakota, within a period of five years, to the foremost place in the whole world of farm traction power and then sold the entire plant to the Emerson- Brantingliam Company for about $3,000,000.00 in cash, a sum which startled the whole Northwest in its magnitude and worth.

About eight months ago Mr, Hartsough, the inventor of the former successful tractor, called Mr, Lyons' attention to another tractor (a smaller one) that he had built and was trying out on a piece of farm land near Minneapolis, He took Mr, Lyons out and showed him the machine working. He again had an opportunity to use his judgment as to the future of this tractor. He immediately made an arrangement with Mr, Hartsough to put the tractor on the market and they christened it the "Bull Tractor," In .January, 1914, a company was formed for $1,000,000.00. for the purpose of manufacturing and distribviting this little tractor broadcast over the United

States, and called the Bull Tractor Company, Mr. Lyons being placed at the head of it as its president and its stock was sold from his office. Within two months from the time this company was formed its stock was oversubscribed and has steadily raised in price until at the end of ninety days investors were calling for the stock at $1.50 for $1.00 but could not purchase any at that price. Over one thousand of the engines are now in the field and the largest manufacturinjr plant west of Chicago is turning out fifty of them daily and soon expect to go to one hundred per day, to supply the demand of the United States alone. It is proving every day its superiority over all other known power now in use in the operation of a farm. It can be truthfully stated that D. M. Hartsough, as an inventor, and P. J. Lyons, as a builder, have done more to bring deserved recognition to Minneapolis, as a manufacturing city, than all the rest put together, as they were pioneers and blazed the trail, and the development of the Bull Tractor has done more for the Northwest farmers, tributary to Minneapolis, than all the machinery that has been invented and manufactured by man in the past quarter of a centur}-, and through their industry, progressiveness and ability are giving employment to more people than any other industry in the city, Mr, Lyons says he will make the Bull Tractor industry mean to Minneapolis what the Ford automobile works is to Detroit, Mich,

Mr, Lyons resides in his well-appointed, comfortable home at 518 Ridgewood Avenue and his family, Helen, Mae and Russell, with him. Their grandmother, Mrs, L, M, Wadsworth, is in charge of his home and children. Mr, Lyons is a Shriner and a member of Zurah Temple, a member of the order of Elks and a K, P.. democratic in his everyday life and believes where there is genuine industry there is abundance of happiness and contentment,

Mr. Lyons was a Democrat in politics until the second presidential term of Grover Cleveland, He served four years as deputy United States marshal finder D, W, MaiTata, was county judge of Kidder County for six years, public administrator for two years, chairman of the Republican County Central Committee twelve years, was elected a nu'inber of the legislature in 1902, During his services in that body he secured the enactment of many important laws, among them the personal injury bill and many others. In 1896 he secured the co-operation of a few other men like himself in the county and took the political control of Kidder County from the politicians who had run it into debt beyond the legal limit. Lender his inspiration suit for back taxes was brought against the Northern Pacific Railroad, The case was carried to the Supreme Court of the United States and was decided in favor of the county, ffnd the county collected $75,000,00 back taxes from the railroad company, a sufficient sum to pay off its indebtedness and leave the county in excellent financial condition. Mr. Lyons is a close friend of Alexander McKenzie and assisted that forceful and resourceful pioneer in his fight for progressive ideas in the administration of North Dakota govornment. He was a member of the official staff of Governor Sarles with the rank of colonel. He was always in close touch with the editors of the leading newspapers of the state and nuide frequent contributions to the cohimns of their papers. His caustic artitles, arraigning official derelicts, had a good influence and won him a state-wide reputation as an earnest advocate of clean official administration. He owned and operated at Steele one of the best appointed farms within the state and used by the government and Northern Pacific Rail-

Curtis Hussey Pettit

Was venerable in years, having reached the outpost of four score years as designated by the psalmist, and stood high in the regard of all sections of the city lie helped so materially to develop and improve, and with a long record in business and public life to his credit. Curtis H, Pettit was one of the interesting figures in the history of Minneapolis, and from every point of view an honor to American citizenship. He had many opportunities to be useful to the community around him, and employed them to the best advantage for thijt purpose while pushing his own fortunes with all the industry and ability he possessed.

Mr. Pettit was a contribution of Ohio to the development of the Farther West, having been born in that state on September 18, 1833, at Hanover. Columbiana county, not over twenty miles from the Pennsylvania line, and died in Minneapolis, May 11, 1914. His parents were .Joseph and Hannah P. (Hussey) Pettit. and they were eager to give their offspring the best educational facilities they could provide for them. Their son Curtis was sent first to the Friends' or Quaker school at Sandy Spring, but afterward attended the public school in his native town. After a due course of preparation he was sent to Oberlin College, in the city of the same name, in his native state. His intention was to pursue a full collegiate course, but a serious illness prevented his purpose. After the recovery of his health he determined on another course of action, and began his business career as a bookkeeper in the Forest City Bank of Cleveland, which had just been started, with his uncle, Joseph G. Hussey, as president, and with which he remained about one year.

At the end of that period Mr. Pettit went to Pittsburg in the employ of C. G. Hussey & Company, and he remained in the service of that company until the spring of 1855. In the fall of that year, he again changed his base of operations, coming West on a prospecting tour for a location in which to work out his business designs. He reached Galena. Illinois, by whatever route he could at the time, and then journeyed by boat and stage coach to Minneapolis. The prospect for big business at this point looked good to him. and he determined to "stick his stake" and try his fortunes here.

Before the end of the year Mr. Pettit established himself in the banking and real estate business, which he conducted jointly until 1860, when he disposed of liis banking interests and turned his attention to the hardware trade, in which he was profitably engaged until 1866. By that time the busy little mart in which he was located was absolutely groaning with its activity in the lumber business; and, being alert to his opportunities, he gave up everything else and became a lumberman as a member of the firm of Ankenv, Robinson & Pettit.

Always keeping himself abreast of the tide of advancement and prepared to ride on its crest, a few years later Mr. Pettit joined the flour milling industry when it showed signs of becoming great, and built the Pettit mill, which was operated by the firm of Pettit, Robinson & Company until It was destroyed in the great mill explosion which caused such havoc in 1878. The mill was immediatelv rebuilt, and

While pursuing his own business and pushing his interests forward with his utmost energy and application, he was not indifferent to the general welfare of his community or the state of which it is so important a part. In his days of activity he always took an earnest interest in public affairs, giving his adherence firmly to the Republican party and frequently serving as chairman of its state and congressional committees and at all times as one of its energetic and efficient workers in the field. He was a member of the board of directors of the state training school for boys and girls for a continuous period of thirty-two years, and from 1866 to 1872 represented his district in the state senate. Afterward, from 1874 to 1876, and again in 1887 And 1888, he was a member of the state house of representatives.

In his legislative career Mr. Pettit was of great service not only to his constituents, but to the whole state by his energy in supporting and getting others to support progressive legislation and looking after the public interest in general. He was the author of the patrol limit law governing the establishment of saloons in Minneapolis, which he introduced and had passed by the house of representatives in 1887, and which has shown itself to be one of the best methods of controlling the liquor traffic ever employed in cities. During the same session of the legislature he prepared, introduced and secured the passage of the law under which the present courthouse and city hall in this city was erected.

On .June 3, 1857, Mr. Pettit was united in marriage with Miss Deborah Williams of Minneapolis, who was born on October 28, 1833, and is a daughter of Captain Louis H. and Tabitha P. (McKeehan) Williams. They had five children, four of whom have died. The one living, Bessie Tabitha, is the wife of George P. Douglas, and resides in Minneapolis. Mrs. Pettit is now the only surviving charter member of Westminster Presbyterian 'church of Minneapolis. Mr. Pettit was elected one of the first board of trustees of this church. He filled this office continuously from the organization of the congregation, and in many other ways was one of the church's strongest and most serviceable pillars.

George Odlum

His devotion to his pursuit as a real estate dealer for 31 years has made George Odium master of his department of trade and established him as a widely recognized authority on everything connected with it. By his intelligence and persistency he has also wrought out a very successful business career.

Mr. Odium was born in Ogdensburg, New York, February 28, 1853, and came to Minneapolis to live in 1SS2. He began his connection with the transfer of real estate in this eity in the abstract offices of George W. Chowan, and later was associated with Bryant & Leland in the same line. His next business engagement was with the Minnesota Loan and Trust Company, which he served five years as conveyancer. At the end of the period mentioned he resigned from the employ of the Loan and Trust Company and became the local manager of investments for an Eastern corporation. In this position he had a business of his own, but it was not wholly satisfao- tory to him. He made the business profitable to himself and the corporation he worked for, neglecting no chance to advance and protect its interests.

In 1909 he went into business on his own account, with the purpose of confining his operations principally, if not entirely, to dealing in Minneapolis business properties. He has made striking progress and large achievements in carrying out his original purpose. During the last four years he has handled deals involving more than $2,500,U00 in a way that has been entirely satisfactory to both sides in every transaction and brought great benefits to the business interests of the city generally.

Through the character of his business Mr. Odium is necessarily deeply interested in the growth and improvement of the city. He has every incentive to work for the good of the community in all lines of wholesome development. His public spirit and practical effectiveness are highly commended, as is his elevated, serviceable, and representative citizenship.

In the public afifairs of Minneapolis Mr. Odium lias long taken an earnest interest, but solely as a good citizen zealous for the general well being, but not in any degree as a politician looking for honors, emoluments, or personal advantages of any kind for himself, and is a member of the Civic and Commerce Commission of the city. He is a Freemason of the thirty-second degree and is also a member of the Order of Elks.

November 24, 1897, he was married to Miss Maude Kurtzman, of Sparta, Wisconsin. They have two sons, George Odium, Jr., aged twelve, and Jerome, aged eight.

James E. O'Brien

Lawyer, and influential force in social, civic and business life, James E. O'Brien is justly esteemed a valuable citizen. He was born at Lake City, Minnesota, .January 6, 1870, and is the son of Richard and Margaret (McShane) O'Brien, the former a native of St. Lawrence county. New York, and the latter of Ireland. They were married in Wabasha lounty, where they are still living. The father located on a. farm of 1,000 acres near Lake City, in 1864. He began operations with one team and $300, but finally became an extensive landowner and farmer, still owning about 1,200 acres. For fifteen years he was chairman of the board of town supervisors and has also held other public offices.

James E. O'Brien remained on the farm until the age of twenty. He attended the Lake City high school and was graduated in 1892 from the academic department of the University and from the law department in 1895, and received his degree of A. M. in 1896. He was admitted to the bar upon graduation in 1895, and since then has been continuously engaged in the practice. While he is deeply interested in public affairs and the general welfare, he has never sought or desired a public office. He has devoted himself entirely to his professional work, taking part in other interests only in accordance with the demands of good citizenship, and with no regard for personal advancement.

Believing firmly in the principles of the Democratic party a8 embodying the best theories of government, Mr. O'Brien has taken active interest in campaign work, as a member of the executive committee. He belongs to the Minneapolis Athletic club and the Civic and Commerce association. He has made a special study of political economy and social questions, and is a close student of American history and the great principles underlying the constitution.

Mr. O'Brien was married July 8, 1897, to Miss Agnes Byrnes. She was born in Springfield. Massachusetts, and came to Minneapolis at the age of thirteen, was graduated from the University of Minnesota, class of 1894, later becoming a teacher in the city schools. They have two sons, twins, Richard and Jolm. The parents are Catholics in religious faith and members of the Pro-Cathedral congregation.

James Alfred Kellogg

James A. Kellogg, attorney at law, who is held in high estimation as a man and lawyer, also bears distinction as a soldier and one whose ancestors were soldiers.

His grandfather was a soldier under George Washington; and, his son Hiram Tyre Kellogg, father of James A., was a volunteer against England, in 1812. James A. Kellogg, wag but a boy of 11 years when the Civil war began, but he was old enough to take extraordinary interest in the great conflict. The record of his father and grandfather moved him to still deeper interest; and when he had reached his fifteenth year, he enlisted, in February, 1864, in the celebrated Iron Regiment, shouldering his musket with the sturdiest of his comrades, and served in the Army of the Cumberland until Sept. 10. 1865. Mr. Kellogg retains relations to old comrades as a member of Morgan post, G. A. R., and had recognition of his military record by being honored with appointment to the staff of General Russell A. Alger, when he was governor of Michigan, and assembled a staff composed entirely of scarred veterans.

A granite monument on the campus at Hillsdale college erected to the memory of the soldier students who were members of the Alplia Kappa Phi Society. Mr. Kellogg was born in New London, Huron County, Ohio, December 12, 1849. His father was H. T. Kellogg, his mother Emeline (Fiske) Kellogg, the former a native of Slieffield. Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and the latter of Hoc Pen Ridge, Connecticut.

James attended tlie district schools of Hillsdale. Michigan, continuing through the high school and into Hillsdale college. There he was a classmate of Will Carleton. the poet; and a member of the Alpha Kappa Phi Society. Having finished the course he began to teach, reading law while so employed. He also engaged in farming and teaching near Ottawa. Illinois, clinging tenaciously, however, to his purpose of becoming a lawyer. In September, 1872, he was admitted to the har in Berrien Springs, Michigan, and opened an office at Niles, where his father then lived. Being first appointed circuit court commissioner of Berrien County, he was twice elected, but declined a third nomination. In 1880, and again in 1882, he was prosecuting attorney of Berrien County, and in 1S87 he declined the nomination for circuit judge.

In October of that year, he came to Minneapolis and has since been engaged in the practice, holding an enviable position in the local Bar. He has taken a prominent part in the councils of the Republican party, and is accorded recognition as maintaining high ideals of citizenship, his influence being . ever cast for better civic conditions.

at Ottawa, Illinois, who died in 187T. Their only surviving child is Frances Virginia Knox of St. Paul. In 1879 he married Alice Cooper, of Corunna, Michigan. Their son Alfred C. is of Philadelphia. The present Mrs. Kellogg was Misa Jennie L. Heath of Plattsburg, New York. Their four children are James A. of Los Angeles, Cal. ; Hiram Tyre, Frederick Heath and Samuel Fiske.

John Sargent Pillsbury

Mr. Pillsbury was born in Minneapolis on December 6, 1878, a son of Charles Alfred and Mary Ann (Stinson) Pillsbury, whose life story is recorded on other pages of this volume. He was educated in the schools of Minneapolis, attending first the graded schools and afterward being graduated from the Central High School in 1896. From the high school he went to the University of Minnesota, and from that institution he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1900. Flour milling was the destined occupation of Mr. Pillsbury at the start of his career, and he began his connection with it by working in subordinate capacities in its several departments of employment for sis years in order to acquire a complete mastery of the industry. At the end of the period named he passed two years in travel, and a few months after his resumption of work in 1908 he was elected vice president and general sales manager of the Pillsbury Flour Mills company, one of the largest operators in the manufacture of flour in the world, if not, indeed, the most extensive. He is still occupying those positions and giving the affairs of the company his close and 'careful attention.

But, exacting and numerous as his duties are, his activities have led him also into other business enterprises, his connection with which is very useful and highly valued. He is one of the directors of the Wisconsin Central Railroad, the Northwestern National Bank of Minneapolis and the Atlantic Elevator company. He is also a trustee of the Pillsbury Settlement Association, one of the riclily benevolent institutions of his home city founded by the liberality of his parents. Together the brothers donated to the Association its large, attractive and finely equipped home, Pillsbury House, at 320 Sixteenth avenue south, which they had erected as a memorial to their father and mother. The Pillsbury Settlement Association is one of the best uplifting agencies of its kind in this country, and its benefactions have already been extensive and noble, although it has been in operation but a few years in comparison vfith many others of like character and aims.

Having always a keen and serviceable interest in all the public agencies at work for the good of his state and city, and the improvement and enjoyment of their citizens, Mr. Pillsbury served a number of years, until 1904, in one of the battalions of the Minnesota National Guard, holding the position of adjutant with the rank of first lieutenant. He has also been earnestly and practically interested in social organizations, having long been a member of the Minneapolis and University clubs of his home city and the University clubs of New York and Chicago, besides several country clubs in different localities.

The political principles and theories of government proclaimed by the Republican party have always had Mr. Pillsbury's support since the dawn of his manhood, but he has never been enamored of public life, and has not at any time in his career sought or desired any of the honors or emoluments of official station. Yet he has never neglected or slighted the duties of citizenship, whether they have been political in character or lain in other domains of manly endeavor; and in connection with all commendable undertakings for the advancement or betterment of his community his mind has always been active and his hand open with the foremost in helping to promote and wisely direct them.

On December 5, 1911, Mr. Pillsbury was united in marriage with Miss Eleanor J. Lawler, of Minneapolis. They havfe a very attractive home at No. 2200 Stevens avenue.

James S. O'Donnell

Mr. O'Donnell was born in Butler, Pennsylvania, on April 13, 1856, and died at Minneapolis Nov. 16, 1912, he was therefore some five months over fifty-six years old when he died. He obtained a limited common school education in his native place and there learned the carpenter trade. After completing his apprenticeship he left home to seek work at his craft, with his clothes tied up in a handkerchief and his toes out of his boots. He walked eight miles to a po'int where he found employment, and then devoted three years of hard service to his employer. At the age of twenty-four he came to Minneajjolis. arriving early in 1880, and here he passed the remainder of his days.

Mr. O'Donnell soon found work at his trade after coming here, and when about two years had passed he began to take contracts for large jobs. One of the most important of his early contracts was for the erection of the Donaldson Glass Block at the corner of Sixth street and Nicollet avenue. The contract called for the erection of the completed building in 90 days. He put 80 men at work on the structure and turned it over to its owner ready for occupancy in 76 days. This achievement fixed his standing as a builder of capacity and dispatch, while his close personal attention to every detail of the work, and his unyielding insistence on absolute compliance with the specifications in every particular established him as altogether reliable in all respects.

His later energies were devoted mainly to the construction of attractive and substantial store fronts. He could draw high-grade plans, give architects useful practical suggestions, and perform every part of the work in hand if necessary.

Mr. O'Donnell had limited educational facilities, but he was a great reader of solid literature and possessed a fine analytical mind and a great memory. In the course of his life he acquired a large fund of general information and became well posted on all subjects of current thought and comment. But he had no use for light literature or trivial matters of any kind. His habits were abstemious in full measure. He did not drink, smoke, chew tobacco or indulge in games or the other frequent recreations of men. His genuine manliness showed itself in his great love of children. All of his own offspring died in infancy or childhood, but he took a keen interest in other people's children, and was very genial, chummy and liberal with them, and hosts of them were devoted to him.

On November 16, 1904, Mr. O'Donnell was united in marriage with Miss Catherine McDunn of Barnesville, Minnesota. She took up a homestead in North Dakota and finally proved up on It. Her native place was Hastings in this state, but her parents came here from Pennsylvania. For a number of years she taught school in Omaha and other places, being well educated and of a studious nature. Because of her attainments and taste for good literature she was a congenial companion for her husband and of considerable assistance to him carrying on his business. Both were devoted to their home, and their domestic life was a very peaceful and happy one.

Ezra C. Pratt

Ezra Gary Pratt, late president of the Pratt Express Company and pioneer citizen of Minneapolis, was born at Dixfield, Maine, November 7, 1834. His death occurred November 7, 1901, at the end of a long and successful career marked by many years of useful citizenship. He was reared in his native State and there learned the trade of ship carpenter, becoming a skilled workman. He was engaged in this occupation at Bath, Maine, until 1855. when he came to St. Anthony Falls. In the following year he established the express business between Minneapolis and St. Paul which prospered with the rapid development of the Twin Cities as one of their most important enterprises. At first he operated one team, which he drove himself and delivered the products of the Pillsbury mills to the merchants of St. Paul, trading with them for supplies which they received by the river boats and which he sold in turn to dealers in Minneapolis. At the end of thirty years the amount of transportation handled by the company assumed proportions which demanded railroad shipping facilities. Mr. Pratt then made a switching contract with the Great Northern Railroad Company and leased cars which ran between the cities, with offices and distributing depots in both Minneapolis and St. Paul, employing about thirty men. He later leased the cars of the Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad company. The express company now represents an investment of $100,000 and does an annual business amounting to $112,000. It handles all classes of freight and Ships from 1.400 to 1,500 cars each year, the largest percentage of this line of business in the city.

Mr. Pratt continued to be prominently identified with his company throughout the forty-five years of his career. He was ever interested in matters of public importance and devoted his efl'orts and inlluence to the promotion of civic welfare. He was prominent in the circles of the Masonic order, a member of Cataract Lodge, became a Knight Templar in 1877, and later attained the Thirty-second degree.

He was married in St. Anthony to Miss Mary Eliza Barrnw.s. sister of Fred C. Barrows. He is survived by liis wife and four sons, Charles M.. Ernest C, Richard H. and (ieorge A. The three younger sons have svicceeded to their father's interest in the Pratt Express Company. Ernest C. Pratt was born in St. Anthony in 1861. and has been associated with the company since 1880, becoming its vice president in 1904. He was niaiTied in 1885 to Miss lidith V. Weeks. He is a member of the Masonic order, a Knight Templar and Shriner; is also a member of the St. Anthony Commercial Club, the Boating Club and other prominent social organizations. George Albert Pratt, secretary and treasurer of the Pratt Express Company, is a native of Minneapolis, born in November, 1875. He received his early education in the city schools and then became a student of engineering in the

University of Minnesota, graduating in 1898 as a mining engineer. In the same year he accepted a position with a mining company in New York City and was sent to Sandia, Peru. Three years later he was engaged in the construction of a smelter for the United States Mining Company in Salt Lake City and then returned to Minneapolis, entering his father's business and since 1902 has given eilicient Service to its interests as secretary and treasurer. He was married to Miss Mary G. O'Donnell of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1901.

Olof Ludwig Bruce

Descended from Scotchmen and Finlanders, Olof Ludwig Bruce is a native of Sweden and a citizen of the United States. He was born in Vermland, Sweden, March 23, 1873, and came to Minneapolis when he was nineteen years old. His father was a tiller of the soil, but was for years "NSmdeman" (a representative of his district in a judicial capacity, as a sort of associate judge). He and his wife were honored and respected in the community in which their family grew up ; and the home, although that of people in moderate circumstances, was ideal in its atmosphere of piety and virtue. It was located in the picturesque and beautiful Upper Vermland, where the elements of natural scenery seem to conspire to charm the eye. The father, Lars H. Bruce, was a descendant of Finlanders who emigrated to Sweden during the reign of Charles XII. The Scotch blood comes from the mother's side. The mother, Anna Bruce, was the only child of Olof Bruce, a member of a .Scotch family, some of whom held seat in the Riksdag for years, and some of whom have held positions of honor and trust in .Sweden for a long period of time. These ancestors were owners of the mines and smelters at Langbanshyttan, Vermland.

There were professional warriors and military men in the ancestry on the mother's side. Carl Roos, Avlio was a trained soldier and an officer from Sweden, and a counsin of the grandfather, Olof Bruce, came to America a number of years prior to the Civil war. When the Civil war broke out, Carl Roos, though at that time fifty-nine years of age, became filled with patriotism and a desire to render his adopted country his services in the preservation of the Union and in defense of the Hag, and enlisted in Company D of the Third Minnesota Regiment at the beginning of tlie war; and .served throughout the war, until close to the end, when he took violently ill from exposure and hardships, when he received his honorable discharge. He kept a very complete and neatly written diary of his experiences from the beginning to the end of the war. This diary is well preserved and in the possession of a son, Carl Roos, still residing on the old homestead at Vasa, Minnesota.

ilr. Bruce began his education in Sweden, completing his public school course at the age of thirteen, and then "reading for the ministry" until the customary requirements for a religious education were fulfilled.

About this time, great numbers in Sweden were emigrating to the land of promise in the West; and by the time the father had died, in 1887, the four older children of the family had come to America and won a place for themselves in their new homeland. Five years later the niotlier brought the five younger children to America to join the other members of the family in Minneapdlis. Olof L. Bruce, who Imd not given up his ambition to gain a better education, at once entered the Northwestern Collegiate and Business Institute, of which institution he later became a member of the Board of Trustees. He studied there for three years, whereupon he took a full course at the Minneapolis Academy, and graduated there in 1901. At this institution lie won several honors, among them a gold medal in oratory and debate. He at once entered the law department of the University of Jlinnesota. After finishing the regular law course, he took up post graduate work and received a degree of Master of Laws, in 1905. While he was finishing his course at the University, he was also acting as general manager of the Minneapolis Weekly, a religious and political paper of Minneapolis. In 1906 he resigned his position with the paper and began the active practice of law. This practice has been successful to a very gratifying degree. His practice is not confined to Minneapolis alone, but occasionally he is called to other places to try cases. Politically, Mr. Bruce is a "Republican, but he supports the right men in preference to party. He gives a due share of his time and thought to political matters, and is strong in his principles and convictions. Civic matters also hold his interest, and he is always ready to assist in whatever may improve conditions in his city. He is a member of the Minneapolis Civic and Commerce Association and many other organizations which tend to promote good city government.

Mr. Bruce is a member of the Tabernacle Church of Min-. neapolis. He is a strong member and has served on the Board of Trustees for a number of years. He has served as president of the Young People's Society for years; and also as Superintendent of the Sunday School. He was one of the prime movers in the organization of the Young People's Covenant of the Northwest, and has held office in that organization until other duties made it impossible for him to devote any time thereto. The Scandinavian Union Mission of Minneapolis, of which he is one of the founders, has had him for its president for a number of years.

Jlrs. Bruce is the daughter of the Reverend Erik Wallgren, of Chicago. She is a woman of refinement, who previous to her marriage to Mr. Bruce, in 1909. had won a reputation as a pianist of considerable talent.

Georgk F. Orde

One of the foiindere and vice presidents of the National City Bank of Minneapolis, was born in Ontario. Canada, in 1864. He is the son of Charles Bertranj Orde, and lived in Ontario until he had passed his majority a year. He moved to Chicago, in 1886, and entered upon the career which hail efficient banking as its aim. and in 1895, he was made cashier of the Northern Trust Company of Chicago.

.\ftcr ten years in this |)osition Mr. Orde \v:is attiaiti'd tu Minneapolis and he was made cashier and director of tlie First National Bank. Five yeai-s later, in 1910, he was advanced to vice president of the bank, one of the largest financial institutions in the West, with which he continued until February 1, 1914, when he resigned his position and a.ssisted in the organization of the National City Bank.

Thus, on the face of things, it would appear, from Mr. Orde's steady progress iipward. that banking is his whole uitpri'st. But the men and women who are foremost in the civic affairs of Minneapolis know him as one of their most earnest associates. His social tendencies have led him to membership in the Minneapolis club, as well as in the Minikahda club. And his love of athletics has taken him to the Lafayette club, and - because he clings to the Canadian love for curling - to the Minneapolis Curling Club. He is an enthusiastic member of golf organizations as well. But above these ranks his activity in such an organization as the Minneapolis Civic and Commerce Association. Mr. Orde is a director of this association. In the civic work of the association, he finds much to busy him. But his most active part is taken as chairman of the association's committee on streets. On this committee he has gathered equally active associates, and under his leadership the committee has been doing the city a service in efforts toward bettering the physical condition of Minneapolis thoroughfares and bringing them up to a high standard of cleanliness and beauty.

Mr. Orde is a Republican in politics, an Episcopalian by church affiliation. He was married in 1887 to Miss Charlotte J. Carnegie in Peterboro, Ontario, Canada.

Frank Moody Prince

Frank M. Prince, president of the First National Bank of this city, is a native of New England. Mr. Prince was born at Amheret, Massachusetts, on July 33, 1854, and is a son of George H. and Sarah E. (Nash) Prince, also New Englanders by nativity. The father was a successful mei'chant at Amherst and a man of prominence and influence in the public affairs of his city and state. He was highly respected by all classes of the people there, and so conducted his business, public activities and private life as to deserve the esteem so universally bestowed upon him.

His son Frank grew to the age of twenty in his native city and obtained his education in its public schools, finishing with a complete high school course. After leaving School he clerked in a store until he reached the age of twenty, then came to Minnesota to work out a career for himself. He first located in Stillwater, where he was employed for a year in the general store of Prince & French. He then taught school for a short time, after which he secured employment as a general clerk in the First National Bank of Stillwater. This position gave him his first experience in the banking business, which pleased him so well that he determined to devote his life to that line of endeavor. He has done this and made an admirable record.

In -July, 1878, Mr. Prince came to Minneapolis and accepted a position in the First National Bank as correspondent and teller. He filled this position until November, 1882. when he resigned and returned to Stillwater to take the responsible post of cashier in the First National Bank there, in which he had been pri'Viously a clerk. The aptitude he had sliown in the business, however, his superior capacity in connection with it and his unvarying fidelity to duty were well lemembered by the officials of the bank, and they felt confident they were wise in offering him the cashiership.

He gave the Stillwater bank excellent service as its cashier for ten years, then, in 1892. he resigned the office to become the secretary and treasurer of the Minnesota Loan and Trust com))any of Minneapolis. Two year^ later he again entered tlie employ of the First National Bank of

Minneapolis, tliis time as its cashier, and since that time, August 1, 1894, he has been continuously connected with this bank, and throughout the period has borne a large part o( the burden of its management. On January 1, 1895, he was elected vice president of the bank, and in Jahuary, 1904, was elevated to its presidency, a position he has held ever since.

He is also one of the directors of the First National Bank at Cloquet, the First National Bank at Carlton and the First National Bank at Sleepy Eye, all in this state, and is also one of the trustees of the Hennepin County Savings Bank and one of the directors of the Des Chutes Lumber company of Minnesota.

Mr. Prince has also found time to give the benefit of his membership and services to several of the leading social organizations in his community, including the Minneapolis, Commercial, Minikahda and Lafayette clubs, and the Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts. In the welfare of all these organizations ,and others to which he belongs, he takes an intelligent, practical and helpful interest, seeking always to give the proper trend and impulse to their activities with the view of making them as valuable and enjoyable to their members as possible.

In the general welfare of his community, and everytliing that would minister to its progress and improvement. Mr. Prince has alwaj-s felt a deep and abiding interest; and he has made this feeling manifest in his cordial support of all worthy undertakings designed to promote the advancement of his city and county and the general well-being of their residents. In the use of his influence and material aid in this behalf he has always shown good judgment and broad intelligence, and his advice has ever been valued highly and usually followed closely. He was married first in 1883 to Miss Belle Russell of Minneapolis. She died in 1888, and in 1898 he contracted a second marriage which united him with Mrs. Margaret (Macartney) Townshend of Stillwater, Minn., who still abides with him. The residents of Minneapolis of all classes regard him as one of their best business men and most useful and representative citizens.

Paul F. Ochu

Paul F. Ochu, cashier of the Market State bank, is a native of Minnesota, born in McCloud county, October 9, 1881. His father, Theophile Ochu, was a native of Quebec, Canada. He married Miss Josephine Conley of Minneapolis and for a number of years served as foreman of the lumber mills in McCloud county, Minnesota. He and his wife now make their home in Minneapolis, residing at 1118 Knox avenue, north. Their sons, John B. Ochu and Paul F. Ochu, have won success and prominence in the city in their chosen vocations, the former as an attorney at law and the latter as cashier of the Market State bank. Paul F. Ochu was reared in McCloud county and later was employed in a bank in Canby, Minnesota. He came to Minneapolis in 1905, and accepted the position of manager of the Savings bank of Minneapolis of whith Mr. Adaii Hannah is president. Mr. Ochu continued to be associated with the Savings bank for several years and then became interested in the project of establishing another banking institution near the central market, believing that it would prove a most profitable venture. He interested others in the enterprise and the Market State bank was organized, December 17, 1910, with a capital of $25,000 and Mr. Adam Hannah as president. The bank is located at 2nd avenue north and Seventh street and its record of prosperous growth during the few years of its existence has attested notably to the business judgment of its founders and tjie efficiency of its management. As cashier, Mr. Ochu has been in charge of all the details of business and his services in this position have been characterized by competency and marked executive ability, qualities that have won him recognition among the younger members of the financial circles of the city.

Ernest Lundeen

Ernest Lundeen, attorney-at-law, was born on a homestead near Beresford, South Dakota, August 4th, 1878. a son of Rev. Charles Henry and Christine C. (Peterson) Lundeen. He attended common school in the Brooklyn district near Beresford, South Dakota, and at Harcourt, Iowa. Graduated from the Dayton, Iowa, High School, in 1895. Graduated from Carleton College in 1901, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

As a student of Carleton College, in 1900, he won the state championship in oratory, and represented Minnesota in tlie inter-state oratorical contest the same year. While at Carleton College, he played on three State champion football teams; was Captain of the College Track Team, and Editor of the College paper. He stood valiantly for Minnesota in a large number of struggles for supremacy in debate, oratory, rifle and general atliletic contests. In 1903, he was one of the representatives of the University of Minnesota in debate against the Northwestern University at Chicago, and has been awarded more than forty gold, silver and bronze medals, won in contests. Mr. Lundeen studied law at the University of Minnesota, and was admitted to the bar May 21st, 1906. He was a member of the National Champion Rifle team in 1909, and has long been recognized as one of the country's most skillful athletes.

These things have been indicated to show what nature and training have done in the way of physical and mental endowment and development, rather his career as lawyer and legislator is our cliief concern. He was elected by large majorities from the Forty-second district to the House of Representatives in 1910, and again in 1912. He has always been found on the side of the people and in accord with progressive theories of political thought. He is a Republican, and has shown great loyalty to the people regardless of political considerations.

He is the author of the law, which in the session of 1911 increased the value of human life, when lost in the industries, from $5,000 to $7,500: also of the law which provided a purchasing department for Minneapolis; he is author of a law permitting a municipally owned electric light plant.

In tile session of 1912, he made a strong fight for two amendments to the United States constitution, the National Income Tax and the Direct Election of Senators by the people. Both of these bills passed. In the sanu' session he was author of a recall bill which passed the House of Representatives by a 93 to 3 vote. This bill failed in the Senate by only six votes.

In the session of 1913, among other important work done, he was author of the hxw for State Insurance at cost on Public Buildings, which saved at once to the State a third of a million dollars. After three hard-fought defeats, he finally secured the passage, in 1913, without a single dissenting vote, of the Presidential Primary Law, Minnesota being one of the first States in the Union to take such stand as to the choice of President, thereby eliminating boss rule in National Conventions. He was also chairman of the Soldiers' Home Committee during this session. His cliorts also amended the Workniens' Compensation Act, securing for injured employees $200 (during the first ninety days), for medical and surgical attendance, hospital charges, medicine, nurses, crutches and artificial limbs. For these and other important services, he received indorsement and approval from the State Progressive League and the Minnesota State Federation of Labor. He is in close touch with his party as far as it is in Une with progressive ideas, and was elected without opposition, alternate delegate from Hennepin county to the National Republican convention at Cliicago. in 1913.

Mr. Lundeen still maintains his connection with University and College associations as a member of tlie Athenian, Shakopean, and Delta Sigma Rho fraternities. He served several years with the military as first lieutenant of Company F, Minnesota National Guard. He enlisted and served as a volunteer during the Spanish-American war. In fraternal circles he belongs to the Masons. Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and the Si)anish-American War Veterans. He is a genuinely progressive, upright and far-seeing citizen and has consistently supported Progressive and Labor Legislation. He is a member of the Minneapolis Athletic Club and the Civic and Commerce Association.

Amasa C. Paul

Amasa C. Paul, senior member of tlie firm of Paul & Paul, who are specialists in the practice of the law governing patents and trademarks, has been a resident of Minneapolis for thirty years; and, is actively identified witli many of the activities that make for general betterment.

He was born at Wakefield, Carroll County, New Hampshire, Sept. 12, 1857. After preparation in the lower schools, he passed two years in Dartmouth College, and then became a teacher in the Franklin pulilic school in Washington, D. C, continuing for four years till January, 1881.

Meantime he liad taken a course in the Law Department of the National University at Washington, being admitted to the Bar, upon graduation in 1880. Two years later he took a post-graduate course in Columbian University, receiving his degree.

January 1, 1881, he was appointed assistant examiner in the United States patent office, where he acquired such familiarity with patent law as to cause his subsequent devotion to that special line of practice.

Clioosing Minneapolis, he became a resident in 1884, entering upon a practice that has constantly broadened and extended, and now reaches into all of the states of the northwest.

He is the author of a legal treatise on the law of trademarks which has had a wide circulation and which is considered, a standard work on the subject. A second edition is now in preparation.

Mr. Paul was married on May 11, 1881, to Miss Ella M. Williams, of Washington, D. C. Mrs. Paul died Dec. 18, 1908. She was a member, with licr husband, of Plymoutli Congregational Church.

Mr. Paul is identified with various social activities including the New Athletic, Minneapolis, Minikahda and Automobile Clubs. He was formerly active in the Commercial Club, of which he was President in 1901 and 1902. He is a life member of the Minnesota Historical Society and of the Minneapolis Society of Fine Arts, and is a tliirty-second degree Mason, a Shriner and an Elk.

Mr. Pratt was a resident of Minneapolis for nearly fortytwo years, although born and reared in a locality far distant from this state, and he was therefore thoroughly imbued with the aspirations and tendencies of this section, and one of its most representative citizens. He was born in Rutland,-Vermont, on December 12, 1S45, a son of Sidney Wright and Sarah Elizabeth (Harkness) Pratt. The parents were of the industrious, frugal and energetic kind, and their moderate circumstances in a worldly way compelled them to live as modestly as they could. Their son, Robert, obtained his early education in the district schools of Rutland, and later took up more advanced studies at Brandon Seminary in the city of the same name in Rutland county, the place of his nativity.

About the time when he was nearly ready to leave school the Civil war began, and he was fired with patriotic desire to help save the Union from dismemberment. He, therefore, when less than sixteen years of age. enlisted in Company M, Fifth Vermont Infantry, in which he served throughout the war, entering the service as a private and being mustered out as a captain, a rank to which he rose by promotion for gallantly and skill in the field, although he was but twenty when he was discharged. He was in the very thick of the conflict, serving under Generals McCIellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Sheridan, in tlie Army of the Potomac, and taking part in all the principal engagements of that great fighting force after the first battle of Bull Run.

Mr. Pratt's military experience was one of hardship and constant duty, but it fitted him well for his subsequent struggles in business, which were numerous and long continued. He came to Minneapolis in November, 1866, and, having been reared on a farm and inured to hard work, he accepted the first employment he could secure, and in ten years saved enough to start in the lumber business on his own account, although during the period mentioned he was the sole support of an invalid brother. He began working by the day, started his lumber trade in 1876, and in 1878 became also a dealer in coal and wood. To the last line of merchandising he gave his principal attention after a few years, and adhered to it until his death on August 8, 1908.

He became in time one of the most extensive retail dealers in coal and wood in Minneapolis and occupied a prominent place in the commercial life of the city. He acquired numerous real estate holdings in different parts of the community, and was one of the organizers and a director of the German American Bank, and also an active and valued memlier of the Minneapolis Commercial club.

Fraternally he was connected with the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, the Order of Elks and the Masonic order.

The welfare and progress of Minneapolis was always an object of great solicitude to him, and he was connected in a leading and very serviceable way with all the forward movements in the community. He was elected a member of the city council from the Third ward in 1884, and served the city well and faithfully for three years. In 1888 he was chosen a member of the school board and remained on it until his death, filling the office of president for a number of years. His services in these two positions were so signal and so highly appreciated that in 1894 he was nominated and elected as the candidate of the Republican party for mayor of the city, and in 1896 he was again nominated and was re-elected by an increased majority, having almost no opposition for the nomination and sweeping -everything before him at the election. As mayor he was ex-ofhcio a member of the park board and the library board, and for six years was a member of the city hall and court house commission. He was also one of the prime movers in the organization of the Juvenile Protective League and its president for one term.

On August 30, 1871, Mr. Pratt was united in maniage with Miss Irene Lamoreaux, and by this marriage became the father of six children. Roberta, Helen Clare, Sidney, Robert, Sara and Thomas. Sidney died in 1898, in the Philippine Islands, where he contracted typhoid fever while serving as a member of the Thirteenth Minnesota Infanti-y in the Si>anish-American war. Mrs. Pratt, the mother of these children, died in the fall «1 1903.

Swan .1. Peterson

."swan .J. Peterson, a well known contractor with offices at 300 West Lake street, was born in Sweden, April 18, 1871, In 1886, a lad of fifteen, he came to America and has here built his successful business career, steadily rising through liis ability and energy to liis present position as a prominent and substantial business man and thorougli American citizen. On coming to this country he first located at Dubuque but two years later removed to Minneapolis where he found employment in construction on a railroad section for a few months and then spent the following winter in the wilds of the lumber camps, hauling logs to the river for a Duluth lumber company. In the spring of 1889 he returned to Minneapolis where he industriously turned his hand to any profitaide employment, working as day laborer on a .street railway and driving a team for sewer excavations. In the winter, for several years he contin\ied his employment in the lumber camps. He made a modest entrance in the contracting busine.ss in 1903. For many years he was associated with Pike & Cook, leading contractors, in some of their most important undertakings. In those early days, Mr. Peterson was alert to every opening that could benefit his business venture and was even first in the field with a competitor who was an alderman for the sale of dirt to the city street commission, Hi.s business developed rapidly to its present prosperous business with contracts for the largest buildings, and requires equipment for handling several big jobs at the same time, employing one hundred men and teams. He also operates a large force of workmen on railroad and street gradings and engages in the fuel and transfer business. He has erected several buildings, double houses and large tenements which he owns, his real estate interests including a farm and timber land in Pine county. Mr. Peterson is a director of the Minneapolis State bank and the Bankers Security company and a member of the West Side Commercial club and the Auto club. He is ex-chairman and a member of the board of directors of the Swedish-American club, and a faithful supporter of the Zion Lutheran church, its financial secretary and treasurer. He was married to Miss Anna C. Peterson of Minneapolis, May 20, 1899 and they have one daughter, Ruth.

Levi E. Leighton

The business history, the moral records, the religious life story, and the social chronicles of Minneapolis, whenever written, would be incomplete without some account of the career and services to the community of the late Levi E. Leighton, who died at his lionie here, 337 East Sixteenth .Street, July 24, 1899, after a residence of thirty-si.x years in the city and in the 72d year of his age. He had finished his work and retired from business some years before his death, and was passing his time in looking after the welfare of his extensive propertj' when the summons came, but all his preparations had been made and he was ready,

Mr. Leighton was a native of Athens, Somerset County, Maine, where he was born in September, 1828, and where he was reared to manhood and educated. In 1850 he made a long and trying journey to the gold fields of California, enduring all the dangers and hardships of the trip with courage and fortitude. The youthful Jason (he was only 22} was not disappointed. He found tlie golden fleece he went for. In five years in the modern Eldorado he secured by placer mining a considerable amount of the precious metal, and returned with his treasure to his native State. Soon afterward he was united in marriage with Miss Addie Hutchins, also a native of Maine, who died in Minneapolis some years prior to his death. In the fall of 1863 they came to the Northwest and located in what was then the town of St, Anthony, but a few months later they moved across the river into Minneapolis, and there passed the remainder of their days in successful efforts for their ow-n advancement and the expansion and improvement of the city they had chosen as their home.

It was not long after Mr, Leighton located in Minneapolis before he got into business actively and progressively. For 11 few yi'iirs lie cMnied on an enterprise, wholly his own, in the lumber trade, and early in the decade of 1870, forujed a partnership in the same trade with the late Duncan !). McDonell, the firm name being Leighton & McDonell, They remained in business together for a number of years, and their industry grew to large proportions and profits. When Mr, Leighton retired from the firm he '-ptired from business altogether, and thereafter occupied himself in looking after his property.

Among the valuable pieces of real estate owned by him at the time of his death were the Leighton Building, a fourstory brick structure erected by him on Third Street, near the corner of Second Avenue South, and a double-front store building on XicoUet Island, which Is now occupied by Ott(>

Witte. He owned many other properties and was possessed of considerable wealth. He aided materially in developing new additions to the city and improving old sections, and thus was of great service in promoting its progress and augmenting its power and influence.

In religions faith Mr. Leighton wn, n Fnr Will Baptist and very warmly devoted to the denomination. He became a member of the Minneapolis Free Baptist Church by baptism, April 28, 1869, and thereafter until his death was one of the most zealous members of the congregation. He served as its treasurer for a number of years and for a long time as one of its trustees and deacons. So well was he known as a zealous churchman that during many of the later years of his life he was familiarly called "Deacon Leighton," a title with which he seemed well pleased, although he was far too modest to take credit to himself for anything he did. He was particularly active and energetic in connection with the erection of the new church edifice for the congregation, giving all the work of construction his personal attention and supervision.

Mr. Leighton was quiet and unostentatious in his ways, generous in his disposition and charitable toward all mankind. He was ever desirous of opportunities to do neighborly acts of kindness, never waiting to be asked, but always ready to offer his aid wherever he knew it to be needed. His second marriage was in Toledo, Ohio, July 17, 1907, and was to Miss Emma Sargent, a native of that city. She and their one child, Martha Lord Leighton, are still living in this city. Mr. Leighton was universally regarded as one of the best representatives of true manhood and elevated American citizenship that Minneapolis ever registered among its residents.

alive by him by serviceable participation in the activities of the Chi Psi Greek letter fraternity, of which he is still a working member, and his devotion to the social agencies around him finds expression through his active membership in the Minneapolis, Minikahda, Automobile, Lafayette, Town and Country and Roosevelt clubs of Minneapolis. On December 7, 1901, he was united in marriage with Miss Nellie Pendleton Winston of this city.

Edmond A. Prendergast

Was born in St. Paul on October 16th, 1875. He is the son of Patrick and Brigget Prendergast, pioneers of Minnesota, who settled in St. Paul in 1856.

Edmond A. Prendergast received his early schooling in the Parochial scliools of St. Paul and continued it by a six years' course in St. Thomas' College, graduating with, the class of 1894. He then spent two years in Montreal in post graduate work after which he entered the Law Department of the State University of Minnesota from which he was graduated in 1899.

Since his admission to the bar he has followed the general practice of his profession, and is retained as counsel for some of the larger corporations of the city among which can be mentioned The Northwestern Telephone Exchange and the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company.

He is a director of the Associated Charities, and is also interested in other charitable enterprises. He also holds membership in the Minneapolis club.

Charles Stinson Pillsbury

Is a native of the Northwestern metropolis in wliich he is carrying on his operations. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on December 6, 1878, and is a son of Charles A. and Mary A. (Stinson) Pillsbury, a sketch of whom will be found in this work.

Mr. Pillsbury was well educated in the schools located in his native city. He passed through the graded schools and was graduated from the Central High School in 1896. He afterward attended the University of Minnesota, and from that institution he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1900. Immediately after leaving School he began his business career. It has included the milling and other manufacturing industries, dealing in land and lumber extensively and banking in connection with one of the leading banks of the community in which he has his home. He is at this time (191^) a stockholder in the Pillsbury Flour Mills company; the Union Elevator company, and one of the directore of the Northwestern Knitting company, the Gull River Lumber (onipany and the Swedish American National Bank.

In political faith and allegiance Mr. Pillsbury is a Republican. H,. i,s earnest ami loyal in his devotion to his party, but he has never yet sought a political oflTiee by election or appointment, or expressed a desire for one. In church afliliation he is a Congregationalist, and liberal in his attention to the work and needs of the congregation to which he belongs. The memories and associations of his University life are kept

Alvin Henry Poehler

Having been in touch with mercantile life from his boyhood, Alvin H, Poehler, now president of the H, Poehler Company, wholesale dealer in grain and seeds, in Minneapolis, was well prepared for his work when he began his business career. His father, the late Henry Poehler. a sketch of whom is published in this volume, was a merchant for many years, first at Henderson in this state and afterward, until his death, in Minneapolis, and the son was associated with him in his merchandising from an early age. He was taught the rudiments of trade by that esteemed gentleman, who was a thorough master of them, and his own natural aptitude for this line of endeavor enabled him to take in the lessons easily and to his lasting benefit,

Mr, Poehler was born at Henderson, Minnesota, on .January 15, 1864, the first of the three sons of Henry and Elizabeth (F'rankenfield) Poehler, and obtained his education in the elementary and high schools of his native town and the Shattuck Military School at Faribault, being graduated from the last named institution in 1883 as the valedictorian, or honor student, of his class. He began his active career in the banking and elevator business in October, 1883. For two years he was teller in a bank at Gaylord, this state, and afterward was associated with his father in general merchandising and the grain trade at Henderson.

In 1885 he came to Minneapolis to live and at that time became connected with the grain trade on an extensive scale in this city. Four years later, when his father moved the family to Minneapolis, he made this his permanent home, and he has ever since been connected in a leading way with the business his father then founded here. When his father died in July, 1912, the son succeeded to the presidency of the H. Poehler company, incorporated, and to various other business relations enjoyed by the father. The company of which he is the head has a branch house in Duluth and its trade is very extensive and active. But Mr. Poehler manages it with enterprise and skill, and the company keeps on steadily gaining ground, as it did under the management of its organizer. Mr. Poehler is also vice president of the Pacific Elevator company, organized by his father; a member of the Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce, of which he was one of the directors for eight years: a member of the Duluth Board of Trade and the Milwaukee and Chicago Boards of Trade.

Mr. Poehler has been close and constant in attention to his business enterprise."*, and has made them profitable on an enlarging scale. But he lias also been zealously attentive to the welfare of his home city and earnest and active in his efforts to promote it. No undertaking of value for the improvement of MinneapolLs or the greater comfort and increased conveniences of its residents has gone without his energetic aid in counsel and material assistance. He is as far-seeing and broad-minded with reference to public affairs as he is in business, and his support of any project for the advancement of the community is always sure to be guided by intelligence and good judgment as well as impelled by an energetic force of character and determination to make whatever is in hand entirely successful.

In the social life of his locality Mr. Poehler is a strong potency for good and the widest usefulness. He is a charter member of the Commercial club and also belongs to the Minneapolis and Minikahda clubs. He was one of the organizers, and first President of the Interla'chen Country club. His interest in all these organizations is strong and his membership in them is very helpful to their activities in many ways. He is a devotee of outdoor sports and recreations, and adds to the enjoyment of his fellow clubmen by his enthusiasm over these forms of relief from the burdens and exactions of business. His specialties in sports are hunting, fishing, golf and curling, and he takes advantage of every opportunity to enjoy them. Fraternally he is a Freemason of the Knights Templar degree in the York Rite and of elevated rank in the Scottish Rite; in political relations he is a Democrat of positive convictions and energetic service to his party, and in religious affiliation he is an Episcopalian.

While ardent in his devotion to his political party, Mr. Poehler has never held or desired a political office either by appointment or election. But he has a taste for military life, acquired while he was at the Sliattuck Military School, where he was captain of Companj' B in the military organization of the students, and he indulges his taste in this respect by membership on the staff of Governor Eberhart, with the rank of tolonel, the same as he held on the staff of the late Governor .lohnson. He is also one of the trustees of his Alma Mater, the Shattuck School. On February 19, 1896, he was married in Minneapolis to Miss Eugenia L. Cole, a daughter of the late Emerson Cole, for many years one of

Mr. Poehler is a gentleman of robust healtli and tine physique. He is very enterprising and energetic, and with the high order of business capacity he possesses he gives promise of many years of usefulness to his community and of reaching a still greater altitude in its commercial life. At the same time his genial and obliging disposition, engaging manners, comprehensive intelligence and high character arc sure to preserve for him the extensive and cordial popularity he now enjoys. Among the business men of Minneapolis none stands higher than he does in public esteem and none is more deserving of a high place in the regard of the people.

The late Duncan D. McDonell, who passed fifty-two of the eighty-one years of his useful life in Minneapolis, and died here .January 26, 1910, after making an admirable record in business and attaining to prominence and influence in citizenship, was a Scotchman by ancestry and a Canadian by nativity. But before he lived long in this country and State he became a thorough American in his political theories and sympathies, and a devoted, loyal citizen of Minnesota. He was thoroughly American in his business ideals, methods, enterprise, and large and self-reliant resourcefulness.

Mr. McDonell was born in County Glengarry, Province of Ontario, Canada, in 1829, and was there reared and educated. There also he began his business career, remaining in the Dominion until he reached the age of 28. In 1857 he came to Minnesota, and his business ability was so manifest and his personality so strong, that he deeply impressed the leading lumbermen of the State at that time and became closely associated with them. After a residence of four years in this State he returned to his old Canadian home, where he remained one year. In 1862 he came back to this State to remain, and at once renewed his close relations with the magnates of the lumber trade.

After his return to Minneapolis Mr. McDonell spent some time in the employ of other men who were already in the lumber business and conducting it on elaborate scales. They sought his aid in large operations of a confidential nature and found him always ready for the limit of service in amount and high quality. He continued to work in this way to hie own advantage and the satisfaction of his employers for a number of years, and then decided to go into business for himself.